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Musik JE, Poole J, Day CJ, Haselhorst T, Jen FEC, Ve T, Masic V, Jennings MP, Zalucki YM. New Perspectives on Escherichia coli Signal Peptidase I Substrate Specificity: Investigating Why the TasA Cleavage Site Is Incompatible with LepB Cleavage. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0500522. [PMID: 37098897 PMCID: PMC10269814 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05005-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli signal peptidase I (LepB) has been shown to inefficiently cleave secreted proteins with aromatic amino acids at the second position after the signal peptidase cleavage site (P2'). The Bacillus subtilis exported protein TasA contains a phenylalanine at P2', which in B. subtilis is cleaved by a dedicated archaeal-organism-like signal peptidase, SipW. We have previously shown that when the TasA signal peptide is fused to maltose binding protein (MBP) up to the P2' position, the TasA-MBP fusion protein is cleaved very inefficiently by LepB. However, the precise reason why the TasA signal peptide hinders cleavage by LepB is not known. In this study, a set of 11 peptides were designed to mimic the inefficiently cleaved secreted proteins, wild-type TasA and TasA-MBP fusions, to determine whether the peptides interact with and inhibit the function of LepB. The binding affinity and inhibitory potential of the peptides against LepB were assessed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and a LepB enzyme activity assay. Molecular modeling of the interaction between TasA signal peptide and LepB indicated that the tryptophan residue at P2 (two amino acids before the cleavage site) inhibited the active site serine-90 residue on LepB from accessing the cleavage site. Replacing the P2 tryptophan with alanine (W26A) allowed for more efficient processing of the signal peptide when the TasA-MBP fusion was expressed in E. coli. The importance of this residue to inhibit signal peptide cleavage and the potential to design LepB inhibitors based on the TasA signal peptide are discussed. IMPORTANCE Signal peptidase I is an important drug target, and understanding its substrate is critically important to develop new bacterium-specific drugs. To that end, we have a unique signal peptide that we have shown is refractory to processing by LepB, the essential signal peptidase I in E. coli, but previously has been shown to be processed by a more human-like signal peptidase found in some bacteria. In this study, we demonstrate how the signal peptide can bind but is unable to be processed by LepB, using a variety of methods. This can inform the field on how to better design drugs that can target LepB and understand the differences between bacterial and human-like signal peptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E. Musik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Poole
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Freda E.-C. Jen
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Veronika Masic
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yaramah M. Zalucki
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Musik JE, Zalucki YM, Beacham IR, Jennings MP. The role of signal sequence proximal residues in the mature region of bacterial secreted proteins in E. coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184000. [PMID: 35798072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secreted proteins contain an N-terminal signal peptide to guide them through the secretion pathway. Once the protein is translocated, the signal peptide is removed by a signal peptidase, such as signal peptidase I. The signal peptide has been extensively studied and reviewed; however, the mature region has not been the focus of review. Here we cover the experimental evidence that highlights the important role of the mature region amino acid residues in both the efficiency and the ability of secreted proteins to be successfully exported via secretion pathways and cleaved by signal peptidase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Musik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Yaramah M Zalucki
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Ifor R Beacham
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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3
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Expression of the Bacillus subtilis TasA signal peptide leads to cell death in Escherichia coli due to inefficient cleavage by LepB. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183768. [PMID: 34492253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis has five type I signal peptidases, one of these, SipW, is an archaeal-like peptidase. SipW is expressed in an operon (tapA-sipW-tasA) and is responsible for removing the signal peptide from two proteins: TapA and TasA. It is unclear from the signal peptide sequence of TasA and TapA, why an archaeal-like signal peptidase is required for their processing. Bioinformatic analysis of TasA and TapA indicates that both contain highly similar signal peptide cleavage sites, both predicted to be cleaved by Escherichia coli signal peptidase I, LepB. We show that expressing full length TasA in E. coli is toxic and leads to cell death. To determine if this phenotype is due to the inability of the E. coli LepB to process the TasA signal peptide, we fused the TasA signal peptide and two amino acids of mature TasA (up to P2') to both maltose binding protein (MBP) and β-lactamase (Bla). We observed a defect in secretion, indicated by an abundance of unprocessed protein with both TasA-MBP and TasA-Bla fusions. A series of mutations in both TasA-MBP and TasA-Bla were made around the junction of the TasA signal peptide and the fusion protein. Both of these studies indicate that residues around the predicted TasA signal sequence cleavage site, particularly the sequence from P3 to P2', inhibit processing by LepB. The cell death observed when TasA and TasA signal sequence fusion proteins are expressed is likely due to the TasA signal peptide blocking LepB and thereby the general secretion pathway.
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4
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Palmer T, Stansfeld PJ. Targeting of proteins to the twin-arginine translocation pathway. Mol Microbiol 2020; 113:861-871. [PMID: 31971282 PMCID: PMC7317946 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The twin-arginine protein transport (Tat pathway) is found in prokaryotes and plant organelles and transports folded proteins across membranes. Targeting of substrates to the Tat system is mediated by the presence of an N-terminal signal sequence containing a highly conserved twin-arginine motif. The Tat machinery comprises membrane proteins from the TatA and TatC families. Assembly of the Tat translocon is dynamic and is triggered by the interaction of a Tat substrate with the Tat receptor complex. This review will summarise recent advances in our understanding of Tat transport, focusing in particular on the roles played by Tat signal peptides in protein targeting and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Palmer
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Molecular and Cellular Microbiology Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Phillip J Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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5
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Secretory expression of biologically active chondroitinase ABC I for production of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Zhou X, Li H, Zheng L. Directly covalent immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B on oxidized aspen powder by introducing poly‑lysines: An economical approach to improve enzyme performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:226-234. [PMID: 30986456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we could achieve high soluble expression of Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) in E. coli by fusion poly‑amino acid tags on CalB (pCalB). Herein, we are surprised to find that pCalB can be easily and directly covalent binding on a simply oxidized aspen powder (OAP) by the aid of poly‑lysine tags. Under the optimal conditions, 72.9 ± 3.6% of the total protein could be immobilized, and the activity recovery of immobilized pCalB (pCalB-OAP) was 98.9 ± 3.8%. The analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that OAP was a suitable carrier for enzyme immobilization. The immobilized pCalB-OAP could exhibit excellent thermal stabilities, and it retained a residual activity of 58.4 ± 2.8% at 55 °C, whereas only 21.2 ± 2.2% of its initial activity for free pCalB was observed. And it could also display a nice tolerance for the changes of pH environment, compared with that of free pCalB. The results that pCalB-OAP could retained 73.6 ± 2.9% of their initial activity in (R, S)-NEMPAME hydrolysis after the tenth cycles, suggested that pCalB-OAP could be effectively recycled. The immobilization strategies established here were simple and inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Musik JE, Zalucki YM, Day CJ, Jennings MP. Efficient function of signal peptidase 1 of Escherichia coli is partly determined by residues in the mature N-terminus of exported proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1018-1022. [PMID: 30849301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exported proteins require an N-terminal signal peptide to direct them from the cytoplasm to the periplasm. Once the protein has been translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane, the signal peptide is cleaved by a signal peptidase, allowing the remainder of the protein to fold into its mature state in the periplasm. Signal peptidase I (LepB) cleaves non-lipoproteins and recognises the sequence Ala-X-Ala. Amino acids present at the N-terminus of mature, exported proteins have been shown to affect the efficiency at which the protein is exported. Here we investigated a bias against aromatic amino acids at the second position in the mature protein (P2'). Maltose binding protein (MBP) was mutated to introduce aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine) at P2'. All mutants with aromatic amino acids at P2' were exported less efficiently as indicated by a slight increase in precursor protein in vivo. Binding of LepB to peptides that encompass the MBP cleavage site were analysed using surface plasmon resonance. These studies showed peptides with an aromatic amino acid at P2' had a slower off rate, due to a significantly higher binding affinity for LepB. These data are consistent with the accumulation of small amounts of preMBP in purified protein samples. Hence, the reason for the lack of aromatic amino acids at P2' in E. coli is likely due to interference with efficient LepB activity. These data and previous bioinformatics strongly suggest that aromatic amino acids are not preferred at P2' and this should be incorporated into signal peptide prediction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Musik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Yaramah M Zalucki
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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8
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Wang X, Chen Y, Nie Y, Xu Y. Improvement of extracellular secretion efficiency of Bacillus naganoensis pullulanase from recombinant Escherichia coli: Peptide fusion and cell wall modification. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 155:72-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Paraskevopoulou V, Falcone FH. Polyionic Tags as Enhancers of Protein Solubility in Recombinant Protein Expression. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6020047. [PMID: 29882886 PMCID: PMC6027335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of recombinant protein expression in the second half of the 1970s, the growth of the biopharmaceutical field has been rapid and protein therapeutics has come to the foreground. Biophysical and structural characterisation of recombinant proteins is the essential prerequisite for their successful development and commercialisation as therapeutics. Despite the challenges, including low protein solubility and inclusion body formation, prokaryotic host systems and particularly Escherichia coli, remain the system of choice for the initial attempt of production of previously unexpressed proteins. Several different approaches have been adopted, including optimisation of growth conditions, expression in the periplasmic space of the bacterial host or co-expression of molecular chaperones, to assist correct protein folding. A very commonly employed approach is also the use of protein fusion tags that enhance protein solubility. Here, a range of experimentally tested peptide tags, which present specific advantages compared to protein fusion tags and the concluding remarks of these experiments are reviewed. Finally, a concept to design solubility-enhancing peptide tags based on a protein’s pI is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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10
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Huang Y, Fu J, Ludwig R, Tao L, Bongers J, Ma L, Yao M, Zhu M, Das T, Russell R. Identification and quantification of signal peptide variants in an IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced in mammalian cell lines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:193-200. [PMID: 29078145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sequence variants of a monoclonal antibody resulting from incomplete processing of signal peptide were identified and characterized using multiple mass spectrometry platforms and reverse phase chromatography. Detection and quantification of these variants by three LC/MS platforms were assessed. Quantification was also performed by mass spectrometric analysis of the subunits of the antibody generated by reduction and IdeS proteolysis. Peptide mapping with LC/MS/MS detection was used to quantify and confirm the identities of signal peptide sequence variants. Although quantification of the signal peptide variants thru mass spectrometry approaches is system dependent, our data revealed the results are close to the values determined by chromatographic separation with UV detection. Each of the methods have proven effective in demonstrating the consistency of signal peptide variants levels across the manufacture history of the antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, NJ 08534, United States.
| | - Jinmei Fu
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, NJ 08534, United States
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, NJ 08534, United States
| | - Li Tao
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, NJ 08534, United States
| | - Jacob Bongers
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, NJ 08534, United States
| | - Li Ma
- MAP Discovery Support, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Ming Yao
- MAP Discovery Support, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- MAP Discovery Support, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Tapan Das
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, NJ 08534, United States
| | - Reb Russell
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Pennington, NJ 08534, United States
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11
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Alignment of the protein substrate hairpin along the SecA two-helix finger primes protein transport in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9343-9348. [PMID: 28798063 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702201114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A conserved hairpin-like structure comprised of a signal peptide and early mature region initiates protein transport across the SecY or Sec61α channel in Bacteria or Archaea and Eukarya, respectively. When and how this initiator substrate hairpin forms remains a mystery. Here, we have used the bacterial SecA ATPase motor protein and SecYEG channel complex to address this question. Engineering of a functional miniprotein substrate onto the end of SecA allowed us to efficiently form ternary complexes with SecYEG for spectroscopic studies. Förster resonance energy transfer mapping of key residues within this ternary complex demonstrates that the protein substrate adopts a hairpin-like structure immediately adjacent to the SecA two-helix finger subdomain before channel entry. Comparison of ADP and ATP-γS-bound states shows that the signal peptide partially inserts into the SecY channel in the latter state. Our study defines a unique preinsertion intermediate state where the SecA two-helix finger appears to play a role in both templating the substrate hairpin at the channel entrance and promoting its subsequent ATP-dependent insertion.
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12
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Snapp EL, McCaul N, Quandte M, Cabartova Z, Bontjer I, Källgren C, Nilsson I, Land A, von Heijne G, Sanders RW, Braakman I. Structure and topology around the cleavage site regulate post-translational cleavage of the HIV-1 gp160 signal peptide. eLife 2017; 6:26067. [PMID: 28753126 PMCID: PMC5577925 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Like all other secretory proteins, the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by its signal peptide during synthesis. Proper gp160 folding in the ER requires core glycosylation, disulfide-bond formation and proline isomerization. Signal-peptide cleavage occurs only late after gp160 chain termination and is dependent on folding of the soluble subunit gp120 to a near-native conformation. We here detail the mechanism by which co-translational signal-peptide cleavage is prevented. Conserved residues from the signal peptide and residues downstream of the canonical cleavage site form an extended alpha-helix in the ER membrane, which covers the cleavage site, thus preventing cleavage. A point mutation in the signal peptide breaks the alpha helix allowing co-translational cleavage. We demonstrate that postponed cleavage of gp160 enhances functional folding of the molecule. The change to early cleavage results in decreased viral fitness compared to wild-type HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lee Snapp
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Nicholas McCaul
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Quandte
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Cabartova
- National Institute of Public Health, National Reference Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilja Bontjer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolina Källgren
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - IngMarie Nilsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Aafke Land
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gunnar von Heijne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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Bland MJ, Ducos-Galand M, Val ME, Mazel D. An att site-based recombination reporter system for genome engineering and synthetic DNA assembly. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:62. [PMID: 28705159 PMCID: PMC5512741 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct manipulation of the genome is a widespread technique for genetic studies and synthetic biology applications. The tyrosine and serine site-specific recombination systems of bacteriophages HK022 and ΦC31 are widely used for stable directional exchange and relocation of DNA sequences, making them valuable tools in these contexts. We have developed site-specific recombination tools that allow the direct selection of recombination events by embedding the attB site from each system within the β-lactamase resistance coding sequence (bla). Results The HK and ΦC31 tools were developed by placing the attB sites from each system into the signal peptide cleavage site coding sequence of bla. All possible open reading frames (ORFs) were inserted and tested for recombination efficiency and bla activity. Efficient recombination was observed for all tested ORFs (3 for HK, 6 for ΦC31) as shown through a cointegrate formation assay. The bla gene with the embedded attB site was functional for eight of the nine constructs tested. Conclusions The HK/ΦC31 att-bla system offers a simple way to directly select recombination events, thus enhancing the use of site-specific recombination systems for carrying out precise, large-scale DNA manipulation, and adding useful tools to the genetics toolbox. We further show the power and flexibility of bla to be used as a reporter for recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bland
- Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Magaly Ducos-Galand
- Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Eve Val
- Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Didier Mazel
- Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Département Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France. .,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75015, Paris, France.
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14
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Sardis MF, Tsirigotaki A, Chatzi KE, Portaliou AG, Gouridis G, Karamanou S, Economou A. Preprotein Conformational Dynamics Drive Bivalent Translocase Docking and Secretion. Structure 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Tooke FJ, Babot M, Chandra G, Buchanan G, Palmer T. A unifying mechanism for the biogenesis of membrane proteins co-operatively integrated by the Sec and Tat pathways. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28513434 PMCID: PMC5449189 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of multi-spanning membrane proteins are co-translationally inserted into the bilayer by the Sec pathway. An important subset of membrane proteins have globular, cofactor-containing extracytoplasmic domains requiring the dual action of the co-translational Sec and post-translational Tat pathways for integration. Here, we identify further unexplored families of membrane proteins that are dual Sec-Tat-targeted. We establish that a predicted heme-molybdenum cofactor-containing protein, and a complex polyferredoxin, each require the concerted action of two translocases for their assembly. We determine that the mechanism of handover from Sec to Tat pathway requires the relatively low hydrophobicity of the Tat-dependent transmembrane domain. This, coupled with the presence of C-terminal positive charges, results in abortive insertion of this transmembrane domain by the Sec pathway and its subsequent release at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. Together, our data points to a simple unifying mechanism governing the assembly of dual targeted membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Tooke
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Babot
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Govind Chandra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Grant Buchanan
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy Palmer
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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16
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Kim S, Chung D, Himmel ME, Bomble YJ, Westpheling J. Engineering the
N
‐terminal end of CelA results in improved performance and growth of
Caldicellulosiruptor bescii
on crystalline cellulose. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:945-950. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun‐Ki Kim
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia30602
- The BioEnergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831
| | - Daehwan Chung
- The BioEnergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831
- Biosciences CenterNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenColorado
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- The BioEnergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831
- Biosciences CenterNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenColorado
| | - Yannick J. Bomble
- The BioEnergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831
- Biosciences CenterNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenColorado
| | - Janet Westpheling
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia30602
- The BioEnergy Science CenterOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee37831
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17
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Zalucki YM, Jennings MP. Signal peptidase I processed secretory signal sequences: Selection for and against specific amino acids at the second position of mature protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:972-977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Endogenous signal peptides in recombinant protein production by Pichia pastoris: From in-silico analysis to fermentation. J Theor Biol 2016; 408:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Mori A, Hara S, Sugahara T, Kojima T, Iwasaki Y, Kawarasaki Y, Sahara T, Ohgiya S, Nakano H. Signal peptide optimization tool for the secretion of recombinant protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:518-25. [PMID: 25912446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The secretion efficiency of foreign proteins in recombinant microbes is strongly dependent on the combination of the signal peptides (SPs) used and the target proteins; therefore, identifying the optimal SP sequence for each target protein is a crucial step in maximizing the efficiency of protein secretion in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In this study, we developed a novel method, named the SP optimization tool (SPOT), for the generation and rapid screening of a library of SP-target gene fusion constructs to identify the optimal SP for maximizing target protein secretion. In contrast to libraries generated in previous studies, SPOT fusion constructs are generated without adding the intervening sequences associated with restriction enzyme digestion sites. Therefore, no extra amino acids are inserted at the N-terminus of the target protein that might affect its function or conformational stability. As a model system, β-galactosidase (LacA) from Aspergillus oryzae was used as a target protein for secretion from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In total, 60 SPs were selected from S. cerevisiae secretory proteins and utilized to generate the SP library. While many of the SP-LacA fusions were not secreted, several of the SPs, AGA2, CRH1, PLB1, and MF(alpha)1, were found to enhance LacA secretion compared to the WT sequence. Our results indicate that SPOT is a valuable method for optimizing the bioproduction of any target protein, and could be adapted to many host strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sugahara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yugo Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kawarasaki
- Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sahara
- Bioproduction Research Institute (BPRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
| | - Satoru Ohgiya
- Bioproduction Research Institute (BPRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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20
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Kim SK, Park YC, Lee HH, Jeon ST, Min WK, Seo JH. Simple amino acid tags improve both expression and secretion ofCandida antarcticalipase B in recombinantEscherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 112:346-55. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ki Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Cheol Park
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology; Kookmin University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Bio and Nano Chemistry; Kookmin University; Seoul Korea
| | - Seung Taeg Jeon
- Department of Bio and Nano Chemistry; Kookmin University; Seoul Korea
| | - Won-Ki Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 Republic of Korea
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21
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Nilsson I, Lara P, Hessa T, Johnson AE, von Heijne G, Karamyshev AL. The code for directing proteins for translocation across ER membrane: SRP cotranslationally recognizes specific features of a signal sequence. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:1191-201. [PMID: 24979680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The signal recognition particle (SRP) cotranslationally recognizes signal sequences of secretory proteins and targets ribosome-nascent chain complexes to the SRP receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, initiating translocation of the nascent chain through the Sec61 translocon. Although signal sequences do not have homology, they have similar structural regions: a positively charged N-terminus, a hydrophobic core and a more polar C-terminal region that contains the cleavage site for the signal peptidase. Here, we have used site-specific photocrosslinking to study SRP-signal sequence interactions. A photoreactive probe was incorporated into the middle of wild-type or mutated signal sequences of the secretory protein preprolactin by in vitro translation of mRNAs containing an amber-stop codon in the signal peptide in the presence of the N(ε)-(5-azido-2 nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA(amb) amber suppressor. A homogeneous population of SRP-ribosome-nascent chain complexes was obtained by the use of truncated mRNAs in translations performed in the presence of purified canine SRP. Quantitative analysis of the photoadducts revealed that charged residues at the N-terminus of the signal sequence or in the early part of the mature protein have only a mild effect on the SRP-signal sequence association. However, deletions of amino acid residues in the hydrophobic portion of the signal sequence severely affect SRP binding. The photocrosslinking data correlate with targeting efficiency and translocation across the membrane. Thus, the hydrophobic core of the signal sequence is primarily responsible for its recognition and binding by SRP, while positive charges fine-tune the SRP-signal sequence affinity and targeting to the translocon.
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Affiliation(s)
- IngMarie Nilsson
- Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Lara
- Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tara Hessa
- Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arthur E Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gunnar von Heijne
- Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrey L Karamyshev
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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22
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Signal peptide of cellulase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5329-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Charneski CA, Hurst LD. Positive Charge Loading at Protein Termini Is Due to Membrane Protein Topology, Not a Translational Ramp. Mol Biol Evol 2013; 31:70-84. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Malik B, Rashid N, Ahmad N, Akhtar M. Escherichia coli signal peptidase recognizes and cleaves the signal sequence of α-amylase originating from Bacillus licheniformis. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2013; 78:958-62. [PMID: 24228886 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913080142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis was cloned, with and without the native signal sequence, and expressed in Escherichia coli, resulting in the production of the recombinant protein in the cytoplasm as insoluble but enzymatically active aggregates. Expression with a low concentration of the inducer at low temperature resulted in the production of the recombinant protein in soluble form in a significantly higher amount. The protein produced with signal sequence was exported to the extracellular medium, whereas there was no export of the protein produced from the gene without the signal sequence. Similarly, the α-amylase activity in the culture medium increased with time after induction in case of the protein produced with signal sequence. Molecular mass determinations by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the purified recombinant α-amylase from the extracellular medium revealed that the native signal peptide was cleaved by E. coli signal peptidase between Ala28 and Ala29. It seems possible that the signal peptide of α-amylase from B. licheniformis can be used for the secretion of other recombinant proteins produced using the E. coli expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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25
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Mattéotti C, Bauwens J, Brasseur C, Tarayre C, Thonart P, Destain J, Francis F, Haubruge E, De Pauw E, Portetelle D, Vandenbol M. Identification and characterization of a new xylanase from Gram-positive bacteria isolated from termite gut (Reticulitermes santonensis). Protein Expr Purif 2012; 83:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Liang FC, Bageshwar UK, Musser SM. Position-dependent effects of polylysine on Sec protein transport. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:12703-14. [PMID: 22367204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.240903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial Sec protein translocation system catalyzes the transport of unfolded precursor proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. Using a recently developed real time fluorescence-based transport assay, the effects of the number and distribution of positive charges on the transport time and transport efficiency of proOmpA were examined. As expected, an increase in the number of lysine residues generally increased transport time and decreased transport efficiency. However, the observed effects were highly dependent on the polylysine position in the mature domain. In addition, a string of consecutive positive charges generally had a more significant effect on transport time and efficiency than separating the charges into two or more charged segments. Thirty positive charges distributed throughout the mature domain resulted in effects similar to 10 consecutive charges near the N terminus of the mature domain. These data support a model in which the local effects of positive charge on the translocation kinetics dominate over total thermodynamic constraints. The rapid translocation kinetics of some highly charged proOmpA mutants suggest that the charge is partially shielded from the electric field gradient during transport, possibly by the co-migration of counter ions. The transport times of precursors with multiple positively charged sequences, or "pause sites," were fairly well predicted by a local effect model. However, the kinetic profile predicted by this local effect model was not observed. Instead, the transport kinetics observed for precursors with multiple polylysine segments support a model in which translocation through the SecYEG pore is not the rate-limiting step of transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Cheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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27
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Hatayama K, Asaoka Y, Hoya M, Ide T. Effective expression of soluble aglycosylated recombinant human Fcγ receptor I by low translational efficiency in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1051-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Auclair SM, Bhanu MK, Kendall DA. Signal peptidase I: cleaving the way to mature proteins. Protein Sci 2011; 21:13-25. [PMID: 22031009 DOI: 10.1002/pro.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptidase I (SPase I) is critical for the release of translocated preproteins from the membrane as they are transported from a cytoplasmic site of synthesis to extracytoplasmic locations. These proteins are synthesized with an amino-terminal extension, the signal sequence, which directs the preprotein to the Sec- or Tat-translocation pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the SPase I cleaves preproteins as they emerge from either pathway, though the steps involved are unclear. Now that the structure of many translocation pathway components has been elucidated, it is critical to determine how these components work in concert to support protein translocation and cleavage. Molecular modeling and NMR studies have provided insight on how the preprotein docks on SPase I in preparation for cleavage. This is a key area for future work since SPase I enzymes in a variety of species have now been identified and the inhibition of these enzymes by antibiotics is being pursued. The eubacterial SPase I is essential for cell viability and belongs to a unique group of serine endoproteases which utilize a Ser-Lys catalytic dyad instead of the prototypical Ser-His-Asp triad used by eukaryotes. As such, SPase I is a desirable antimicrobial target. Advances in our understanding of how the preprotein interfaces with SPase I during the final stages of translocation will facilitate future development of inhibitors that display a high efficacy against SPase I function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Auclair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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29
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Jalal A, Rashid N, Ahmed N, Iftikhar S, Akhtar M. Escherichia coli signal peptidase recognizes and cleaves the signal sequence of xylanase from a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis strain R5. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:347-9. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Kaderbhai NN, Ahmed K, Kaderbhai MA. Export of a hyperexpressed mammalian globular cytochrome b5 precursor in Escherichia coli is dramatically affected by the nature of the amino acid flanking the secretory signal sequence cleavage bond. Protein Sci 2010; 19:1344-53. [PMID: 20506367 DOI: 10.1002/pro.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A chimeric mammalian globular cytochrome b(5) fused to Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase signal sequence (SS) was used as a model probe to investigate the influence of substituting each one of the standard 20 amino acids at its N-terminus on the Sec-dependent export of the precursor to the periplasmic space of E. coli. Substituting the native Met(+1) of the passenger protein flanking the SS with any one of the remaining 19 amino acids introduced significant changes in the export of cytochrome b(5) without jamming the Sec-dependent translocon. Acidic and hydrophilic residues proved to be the most efficient promoters of export. Small, nonbulky and basic residues yielded intermediate levels of the hemoprotein export. Replacement with a Cys(+1) residue generated significant quantities of both monomeric and disulfide-linked dimeric forms. However, bulky, aromatic and hydrophobic residues caused a significant decline in the rates of secretion. In expectation with their absences in the natural periplasmically secreted proteins, Pro and Ile-tagged cytochrome b(5) precursors failed to generate any detectable secreted recombinant products. Although Ala, amongst the native E. coli periplasmic proteins, is the preferred X(+1) residue with an occurrence of 50% frequency, it proved half as effective in promoting export when inserted proximally to the SS of cytochrome b(5). The mechanisms involved for these export variations are discussed. The findings will prove beneficial for high-level generation of recombinant proteins by secretory means for pharmaceutical and related biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed N Kaderbhai
- William Davies Laboratories, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Plas Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, United Kingdom.
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31
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Tian P, Bernstein HD. Identification of a post-targeting step required for efficient cotranslational translocation of proteins across the Escherichia coli inner membrane. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11396-404. [PMID: 19211555 PMCID: PMC2670145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900375200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cytoplasmic proteins are exported efficiently in Escherichia coli only if they are attached to signal peptides that are recognized by the signal recognition particle and are thereby targeted to the SecYEG complex cotranslationally. The evidence suggests that the entry of these proteins into the secretory pathway at an early stage of translation is necessary to prevent them from folding into a translocation-incompetent conformation. We found, however, that several glycolytic enzymes attached to signal peptides that are recognized by the signal recognition particle were exported inefficiently. Based on previous studies of post-translational export, we hypothesized that the export block was due to the presence of basic residues at the extreme N terminus of each enzyme. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that the introduction of negatively charged residues into this segment increased the efficiency of export. Export efficiency was sensitive to the number, position, and sequence context of charged residues. The importance of charge for efficient export was underscored by an in silico analysis that revealed a conserved negative charge bias at the N terminus of the mature region of bacterial presecretory proteins. Our results demonstrate that cotranslational targeting of a protein to the E. coli SecYEG complex does not ensure its export but that export also depends on a subsequent event (most likely the initiation of translocation) that involves sequences both within and just beyond the signal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Tian
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0538, USA
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32
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Choo KH, Ranganathan S. Flanking signal and mature peptide residues influence signal peptide cleavage. BMC Bioinformatics 2008; 9 Suppl 12:S15. [PMID: 19091014 PMCID: PMC2638155 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-s12-s15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Signal peptides (SPs) mediate the targeting of secretory precursor proteins to the correct subcellular compartments in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Identifying these transient peptides is crucial to the medical, food and beverage and biotechnology industries yet our understanding of these peptides remains limited. This paper examines the most common type of signal peptides cleavable by the endoprotease signal peptidase I (SPase I), and the residues flanking the cleavage sites of three groups of signal peptide sequences, namely (i) eukaryotes (Euk) (ii) Gram-positive (Gram+) bacteria, and (iii) Gram-negative (Gram-) bacteria. Results In this study, 2352 secretory peptide sequences from a variety of organisms with amino-terminal SPs are extracted from the manually curated SPdb database for analysis based on physicochemical properties such as pI, aliphatic index, GRAVY score, hydrophobicity, net charge and position-specific residue preferences. Our findings show that the three groups share several similarities in general, but they display distinctive features upon examination in terms of their amino acid compositions and frequencies, and various physico-chemical properties. Thus, analysis or prediction of their sequences should be separated and treated as distinct groups. Conclusion We conclude that the peptide segment recognized by SPase I extends to the start of the mature protein to a limited extent, upon our survey of the amino acid residues surrounding the cleavage processing site. These flanking residues possibly influence the cleavage processing and contribute to non-canonical cleavage sites. Our findings are applicable in defining more accurate prediction tools for recognition and identification of cleavage site of SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khar Heng Choo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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33
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Mathiesen G, Sveen A, Piard JC, Axelsson L, Eijsink VGH. Heterologous protein secretion by Lactobacillus plantarum using homologous signal peptides. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:215-26. [PMID: 18298538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test seven selected putative signal peptides from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 in terms of their ability to drive secretion of two model proteins in Lact. plantarum, and to compare the functionality of these signal peptides with that of well-known heterologous signal peptides (Usp45, M6). METHODS AND RESULTS Signal peptide functionality was assessed using a series of modular derivatives of the pSIP vectors for peptide pheromone-controlled high-level gene expression in lactobacilli. Several of the constructs with homologous signal peptides yielded similar or higher reporter protein activities than constructs with heterologous signal peptides. Two of the homologous signal peptides (Lp_0373 and Lp_0600) appeared as especially promising candidates for directing secretion, as they were among the best performing with both reporter proteins. CONCLUSIONS We have identified homologous signal peptides for high-level secretion of heterologous proteins in Lact. plantarum. With the model proteins, some of these performed better than commonly used heterologous signal peptides. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The homologous signal peptides tested out, in this study, could be useful in food-grade systems for secretion of interesting proteins in Lact. plantarum. The constructed modular secretion vectors are easily accessible for rapid signal peptide screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway.
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34
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Secretion of recombinant Bacillus hydrolytic enzymes using Escherichia coli expression systems. J Biotechnol 2008; 133:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Sec- and Tat-mediated protein secretion across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane--distinct translocases and mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1778:1735-56. [PMID: 17935691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In bacteria, two major pathways exist to secrete proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. The general Secretion route, termed Sec-pathway, catalyzes the transmembrane translocation of proteins in their unfolded conformation, whereupon they fold into their native structure at the trans-side of the membrane. The Twin-arginine translocation pathway, termed Tat-pathway, catalyses the translocation of secretory proteins in their folded state. Although the targeting signals that direct secretory proteins to these pathways show a high degree of similarity, the translocation mechanisms and translocases involved are vastly different.
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36
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Tullman-Ercek D, DeLisa MP, Kawarasaki Y, Iranpour P, Ribnicky B, Palmer T, Georgiou G. Export pathway selectivity of Escherichia coli twin arginine translocation signal peptides. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:8309-16. [PMID: 17218314 PMCID: PMC2730154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610507200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Escherichia coli genome encodes at least 29 putative signal peptides containing a twin arginine motif characteristic of proteins exported via the twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. Fusions of the putative Tat signal peptides plus six to eight amino acids of the mature proteins to three reporter proteins (short-lived green fluorescent protein, maltose-binding protein (MBP), and alkaline phosphatase) and also data from the cell localization of epitope-tagged full-length proteins were employed to determine the ability of the 29 signal peptides to direct export through the Tat pathway, through the general secretory pathway (Sec), or through both. 27/29 putative signal peptides could export one or more reporter proteins through Tat. Of these, 11 signal peptides displayed Tat specificity in that they could not direct the export of Sec-only reporter proteins. The rest (16/27) were promiscuous and were capable of directing export of the appropriate reporter either via Tat (green fluorescent protein, MBP) or via Sec (PhoA, MBP). Mutations that conferred a >or=+1 charge to the N terminus of the mature protein abolished or drastically reduced routing through the Sec pathway without affecting the ability to export via the Tat pathway. These experiments demonstrate that the charge of the mature protein N terminus affects export promiscuity, independent of the effect of the folding state of the mature protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Yasuaki Kawarasaki
- Department of Chemical, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
- Department of Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Pooya Iranpour
- Department of Chemical, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Brian Ribnicky
- Department of Chemical, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Tracy Palmer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
- Department of Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C04000, Austin, TX 78712. Tel.: 512-471-6975; Fax: 512-471-7963; E-mail:
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Wong RSY, Jost H, Hancock REW. Linker-insertion mutagenesis ofPseudomonas aeruginosaouter membrane protein OprF. Mol Microbiol 2006; 10:283-292. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Brockmeier U, Caspers M, Freudl R, Jockwer A, Noll T, Eggert T. Systematic Screening of All Signal Peptides from Bacillus subtilis: A Powerful Strategy in Optimizing Heterologous Protein Secretion in Gram-positive Bacteria. J Mol Biol 2006; 362:393-402. [PMID: 16930615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficient protein secretion is very important in biotechnology as it provides active and stable enzymes, which are an essential prerequisite for successful biocatalysis. Therefore, optimizing enzyme-producing bacterial strains is a major challenge in the field of biotechnology and protein production. In this study, the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis was optimized for heterologous protein secretion using a novel approach. Two lipolytic enzymes, cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi and a cytoplasmatic esterase of metagenomic origin, were chosen as reporters for heterologous protein secretion. In a systematic screening approach, all naturally occurring (non-lipoprotein) Sec-type signal peptides (SPs) from B. subtilis were characterized for their potential in heterologous protein secretion. Surprisingly, optimal SPs in cutinase secretion were inefficient in esterase secretion and vice versa, indicating the importance of an optimal fit between the SP and the respective mature part of the desired secretion target proteins. These results highlight the need for individually optimal signal peptides for every heterologous secretion target. Therefore, the SP library generated in this study represents a powerful tool for secretion optimization in Gram-positive expression hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Brockmeier
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, im Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
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39
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40
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Papanikou E, Karamanou S, Baud C, Frank M, Sianidis G, Keramisanou D, Kalodimos CG, Kuhn A, Economou A. Identification of the Preprotein Binding Domain of SecA. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:43209-17. [PMID: 16243836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509990200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SecA, the preprotein translocase ATPase, has a helicase DEAD motor. To catalyze protein translocation, SecA possesses two additional flexible domains absent from other helicases. Here we demonstrate that one of these "specificity domains" is a preprotein binding domain (PBD). PBD is essential for viability and protein translocation. PBD mutations do not abrogate the basal enzymatic properties of SecA (nucleotide binding and hydrolysis), nor do they prevent SecA binding to the SecYEG protein conducting channel. However, SecA PBD mutants fail to load preproteins onto SecYEG, and their translocation ATPase activity does not become stimulated by preproteins. Bulb and Stem, the two sterically proximal PBD substructures, are physically separable and have distinct roles. Stem binds signal peptides, whereas the Bulb binds mature preprotein regions as short as 25 amino acids. Binding of signal or mature region peptides or full-length preproteins causes distinct conformational changes to PBD and to the DEAD motor. We propose that (a) PBD is a preprotein receptor and a physical bridge connecting bound preproteins to the DEAD motor, and (b) preproteins control the ATPase cycle via PBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosyni Papanikou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, F.O.R.T.H., University of Crete, P.O. Box 1527, GR-711 10 Iraklio, Crete, Greece
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41
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Herranz C, Driessen AJM. Sec-mediated secretion of bacteriocin enterocin P by Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1959-63. [PMID: 15812026 PMCID: PMC1082533 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.4.1959-1963.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most lactic acid bacterium bacteriocins utilize specific leader peptides and dedicated machineries for secretion. In contrast, the enterococcal bacteriocin enterocin P (EntP) contains a typical signal peptide that directs its secretion when heterologously expressed in Lactococcus lactis. Signal peptide mutations and the SecA inhibitor azide blocked secretion. These observations demonstrate that EntP is secreted by the Sec translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herranz
- Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecualr Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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42
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Kaderbhai MA, Davey HM, Kaderbhai NN. A directed evolution strategy for optimized export of recombinant proteins reveals critical determinants for preprotein discharge. Protein Sci 2005; 13:2458-69. [PMID: 15322285 PMCID: PMC2280021 DOI: 10.1110/ps.04697304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A directed evolutionary approach is described that searches short, random peptide sequences for appendage at the secretory signal peptide-mature protein junction to seek ideal algorithms for both efficient and hyper export of recombinant proteins to the periplasm of Escherichia coli. The strategy employs simple, visual detection of positive clones using a PINK expression system that faithfully reports on export status of a mammalian hemoprotein in E. coli. With-in "sequence spaces" ranging from 1 to 13 residues, a significant but highly variable secretory fitness was scored such that the rate of secretion reciprocally correlated with the membrane-associated precursor pool of the evolved exportable hemoproteins. Three clusters of hyper, median, and hypo exporters were isolated. These had corresponding net charges of -1, 0, and +1 within the evolved sequence space, which in turn clearly correlated with the prevailing magnitude and polarity of the membrane energization states. The findings suggest that both the nature of the charged residue and the proximal sequence in the early mature region are the crucial determinants of the protonophore-dependent electrophoretic discharge of the precursor across the inner membrane of E. coli. We conclude that the directed evolutionary approach will find ready application in engineering recombinant proteins for their efficient secretion via the sec export pathway in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustak A Kaderbhai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cledwyn Building, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD, UK.
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43
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Vrontou E, Economou A. Structure and function of SecA, the preprotein translocase nanomotor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1694:67-80. [PMID: 15546658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most secretory proteins that are destined for the periplasm or the outer membrane are exported through the bacterial plasma membrane by the Sec translocase. Translocase is a complex nanomachine that moves processively along its aminoacyl polymeric substrates effectively pumping them to the periplasmic space. The salient features of this process are: (a) a membrane-embedded "clamp" formed by the trimeric SecYEG protein, (b) a "motor" provided by the dimeric SecA ATPase, (c) regulatory subunits that optimize catalysis and (d) both chemical and electrochemical metabolic energy. Significant recent strides have allowed structural, biochemical and biophysical dissection of the export reaction. A model incorporating stepwise strokes of the translocase nanomachine at work is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Vrontou
- Laboratory Unicellular, Organisms Group, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FO.R.T.H. and Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 1527, GR-711 10 Iraklio, Crete, Greece
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44
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Fehrmann F, Jung M, Zimmermann R, Kräusslich HG. Transport of the intracisternal A-type particle Gag polyprotein to the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by the signal recognition particle. J Virol 2003; 77:6293-304. [PMID: 12743286 PMCID: PMC154983 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.11.6293-6304.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracisternal A-type particles (IAP) are defective endogenous retroviruses that accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of rodent cells. The enveloped particles are produced by assembly and budding of IAP Gag polyproteins at the ER membrane. In this study, we analyzed the specific ER transport of the Gag polyprotein of the IAP element MIA14. To this end, we performed in vitro translation of Gag in the presence of microsomal membranes or synthetic proteoliposomes followed by membrane sedimentation or flotation. ER binding of IAP Gag occurred mostly cotranslationally, and Gag polyproteins interacted specifically with proteoliposomes containing only signal recognition particle (SRP) receptor and the Sec61p complex, which form the minimal ER translocation apparatus. The direct participation of SRP in ER targeting of IAP Gag was demonstrated in cross-linking and immunoprecipitation experiments. The IAP polyprotein was not translocated into the ER; it was found to be tightly associated with the cytoplasmic side of the ER membrane but did not behave as an integral membrane protein. Substituting the functional signal peptide of preprolactin for the hydrophobic sequence at the N terminus of IAP Gag also did not result in translocation of the chimeric protein into the ER lumen, and grafting the IAP hydrophobic sequence onto preprolactin failed to yield luminal transport as well. These results suggest that the N-terminal hydrophobic region of the IAP Gag polyprotein functions as a transport signal which mediates SRP-dependent ER targeting, but polyprotein translocation or integration into the membrane is prevented by the signal sequence itself and by additional regions of Gag.
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45
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Jeong KJ, Lee SY. Secretory production of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 23:311-8. [PMID: 11676607 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) is a glycoprotein, consisting of 174 amino acids, which plays an important role in hematopoietic cell proliferation, differentiation of hemopoietic precursor cells, and activation of mature neutrophilic granulocytes. In this study, secretory production of hG-CSF in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli using the Bacillus sp. endoxylanase signal peptide was examined. For the efficient expression of hG-CSF gene, the first five codons at the N-terminal were altered based on the E. coli high-frequency codon database. The hG-CSF gene fused to the endoxylanase signal sequence was expressed using an inducible trc promoter. However, recombinant E. coli cells were completely lysed after induction with 1 mM isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside. Insertion of a small oligopeptide (13 amino acids) containing the histidine hexamer and factor Xa cleavage site between the signal peptide and the mature hG-CSF protein allowed successful secretion of hG-CSF into the periplasm without cell lysis. Among the several E. coli strains examined, E. coli BL21(DE3) and E. coli MC4100 allowed production of hG-CSF to the highest levels (20-22% of total proteins) with the secretion efficiencies greater than 98%. The circular dichroism spectra showed that the conformation of purified hG-CSF is almost identical to native hG-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Jeong
- Metabolic and Biomolecualr Engineering National Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon 305-701, Korea
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46
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Le Loir Y, Nouaille S, Commissaire J, Brétigny L, Gruss A, Langella P. Signal peptide and propeptide optimization for heterologous protein secretion in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:4119-27. [PMID: 11526014 PMCID: PMC93138 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.9.4119-4127.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are food-grade microorganisms that are potentially good candidates for production of heterologous proteins of therapeutical or technological interest. We developed a model for heterologous protein secretion in Lactococcus lactis using the staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc). The effects on protein secretion of alterations in either (i) signal peptide or (ii) propeptide sequences were examined. (i) Replacement of the native Nuc signal peptide (SP(Nuc)) by that of L. lactis protein Usp45 (SP(Usp)) resulted in greatly improved secretion efficiency (SE). Pulse-chase experiments showed that Nuc secretion kinetics was better when directed by SP(Usp) than when directed by SP(Nuc). This SP(Usp) effect on Nuc secretion is not due to a better antifolding activity, since SP(Usp):Nuc precursor proteins display enzymatic activity in vitro, while SP(Nuc):Nuc precursor proteins do not. (ii) Deletion of the native Nuc propeptide dramatically reduces Nuc SE, regardless of which SP is used. We previously reported that a synthetic propeptide, LEISSTCDA, could efficiently replace the native Nuc propeptide to promote heterologous protein secretion in L. lactis (Y. Le Loir, A. Gruss, S. D. Ehrlich, and P. Langella, J. Bacteriol. 180:1895-1903, 1998). To determine whether the LEISSTCDA effect is due to its acidic residues, specific substitutions were introduced, resulting in neutral or basic propeptides. Effects of these two new propeptides and of a different acidic synthetic propeptide were tested. Acidic and neutral propeptides were equally effective in enhancing Nuc SE and also increased Nuc yields. In contrast, the basic propeptide strongly reduced both SE and the quantity of secreted Nuc. We have shown that the combination of the native SP(Usp) and a neutral or acidic synthetic propeptide leads to a significant improvement in SE and in the quantity of synthesized Nuc. These observations will be valuable in the production of heterologous proteins in L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Le Loir
- Laboratoire de Génétique Appliquée, Unité de Recherches Laitières et de Génétique Appliquée, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas Cedex, France
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47
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Berks BC, Sargent F, De Leeuw E, Hinsley AP, Stanley NR, Jack RL, Buchanan G, Palmer T. A novel protein transport system involved in the biogenesis of bacterial electron transfer chains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1459:325-30. [PMID: 11004447 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Tat system is a recently discovered bacterial protein transport pathway that functions primarily in the biosynthesis of proteins containing redox active cofactors. Analogous transport systems are found in plant organelles. Remarkably and uniquely the Tat system functions to transported a diverse range of folded proteins across a biological membrane, a feat that must be achieved without rendering the membrane freely permeable to protons and other ions. Here we review the operation of the bacterial Tat system and propose a model for the structural organisation of the Tat preprotein translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Berks
- Centre for Metalloprotein Spectroscopy and Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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48
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White DJ, Hartzell PL. AglU, a protein required for gliding motility and spore maturation of Myxococcus xanthus, is related to WD-repeat proteins. Mol Microbiol 2000; 36:662-78. [PMID: 10844655 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aglU gene of Myxococcus xanthus encodes a protein similar to Het-E1 (vegetative incompatibility) from Podospora anserina, acylaminoacyl-peptidase from Bacillus subtilis, and TolB from Escherichia coli. These proteins all have evenly spaced SPDG repeats that are characteristic of a larger motif called the WD-repeat. The WD-repeat is predicted to form a beta-propeller structure that mediates the assembly of heteromeric protein complexes. AglU has a consensus lipoprotein attachment motif that includes a type II signal sequence followed by a cysteine residue. This suggests that AglU is matured, then attached to the outer membrane via fatty acid acylation at this Cys. Cells carrying a mutation in aglU are blocked in adventurous gliding and can swarm only if cells are in contact with one another. When starved of nutrients, the aglU mutant aggregates and forms multicellular fruiting bodies like the wild-type strain, but is unable to produce heat-resistant spores. This suggests that adventurous gliding motility, per se, is not required for development, but that AglU is essential for a terminal step of spore differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J White
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843-3052, USA
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49
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Stanley NR, Palmer T, Berks BC. The twin arginine consensus motif of Tat signal peptides is involved in Sec-independent protein targeting in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:11591-6. [PMID: 10766774 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.16.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Escherichia coli a subset of periplasmic proteins is exported through the Tat pathway to which substrates are directed by an NH(2)-terminal signal peptide containing a consensus SRRXFLK "twin arginine" motif. The importance of the individual amino acids of the consensus motif for in vivo Tat transport has been assessed by site-directed mutagenesis of the signal peptide of the Tat substrate pre-SufI. Although the invariant arginine residues are crucial for efficient export, we find that slow transport of SufI is still possible if a single arginine is conservatively substituted by a lysine residue. Thus, in at least one signal peptide context there is no absolute dependence of Tat transport on the arginine pair. The consensus phenylalanine residue was found to be a critical determinant for efficient export but could be functionally substituted by leucine, another amino acid with a highly hydrophobic side chain. Unexpectedly, the consensus lysine residue was found to retard Tat transport. These observations and others suggest that the sequence conservation of the Tat consensus motif is a reflection of the functional importance of the consensus residues. Tat signal peptides characteristically have positively charged carboxyl-terminal regions. However, changing the sign of this charge does not affect export of SufI.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Stanley
- Centre for Metalloprotein Spectroscopy and Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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50
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Kajava AV, Zolov SN, Kalinin AE, Nesmeyanova MA. The net charge of the first 18 residues of the mature sequence affects protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-negative bacteria. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:2163-9. [PMID: 10735858 PMCID: PMC111264 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.8.2163-2169.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/1999] [Accepted: 01/21/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This statistical study shows that in proteins of gram-negative bacteria exported by the Sec-dependent pathway, the first 14 to 18 residues of the mature sequences have the highest deviation between the observed and expected net charge distributions. Moreover, almost all sequences have either neutral or negative net charge in this region. This rule is restricted to gram-negative bacteria, since neither eukaryotic nor gram-positive bacterial exported proteins have this charge bias. Subsequent experiments performed with a series of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase mutants confirmed that this charge bias is associated with protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane. Two consecutive basic residues inhibit translocation effectively when placed within the first 14 residues of the mature protein but not when placed in positions 19 and 20. The sensitivity to arginine partially reappeared again 30 residues away from the signal sequence. These data provide new insight into the mechanism of protein export in gram-negative bacteria and lead to practical recommendations for successful secretion of hybrid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kajava
- Center for Molecular Modeling, CIT, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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