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Li W, Yang C, Cheng Z, Wu Y, Zhou S, Qi X, Zhang Y, Hu J, Xie M, Chen C. Gallium complex K6 inhibits colorectal cancer by increasing ROS levels to induce DNA damage and enhance phosphatase and tensin homolog activity. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e665. [PMID: 39049965 PMCID: PMC11266899 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In the clinical realm, platinum-based drugs hold an important role in the chemotherapy of CRC. Nonetheless, a multitude of patients, due to tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene mutations, experience the emergence of drug resistance. This phenomenon gravely impairs the effectiveness of therapy and long-term prognosis. Gallium, a metallic element akin to iron, has been reported that has the potential to be used to develop new metal anticancer drugs. In this study, we screened and established the gallium complex K6 as a potent antitumor agent in both in vitro and in vivo. K6 exhibited superior efficacy in impeding the growth, proliferation, and viability of CRC cells carrying TP53 mutations compared to oxaliplatin. Mechanistically, K6 escalated reactive oxygen species levels and led deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Furthermore, K6 effectively suppressed the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway, leading to the degradation of its downstream effectors myelocytomatosis (c-Myc) and Krueppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). Conversely, K6 diminished the protein expression of WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWP1) while activating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) through c-Myc degradation. This dual action further demonstrated the potential of K6 as a promising therapeutic compound for TP53-mutated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Sihan Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgerySouthwest HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid SurgerySouthwest HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jinhui Hu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Mingjin Xie
- School of Chemical Science and TechnologyYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease MechanismsKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
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Abe M, Asada N, Kimura M, Fukui C, Yamada D, Wang Z, Miyake M, Takarada T, Ono M, Aoe M, Kitamura W, Matsuda M, Moriyama T, Matsumura A, Maeda Y. Antitumor activity of α-pinene in T-cell tumors. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1317-1332. [PMID: 38279512 PMCID: PMC11007008 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute leukemia and lymphoma have a poor prognosis. Although new therapeutic agents have been developed, their therapeutic effects are suboptimal. α-Pinene, a monoterpene compound, has an antitumor effect on solid tumors; however, few comprehensive investigations have been conducted on its impact on hematologic malignancies. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential benefits of using α-pinene as an antitumor agent for the treatment of T-cell tumors. We found that α-pinene inhibited the proliferation of hematologic malignancies, especially in T-cell tumor cell lines EL-4 and Molt-4, induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species accumulation, and inhibited NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus, leading to robust apoptosis in EL-4 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that α-pinene has potential as a therapeutic agent for T-cell malignancies, and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Abe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and OncologyOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
| | - Maiko Kimura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Chie Fukui
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineKobe University HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative ScienceOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Masayuki Miyake
- Division of Medical SupportOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative ScienceOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Michinori Aoe
- Division of Medical SupportOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
| | - Wataru Kitamura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Masayuki Matsuda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Takashi Moriyama
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Akifumi Matsumura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
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3
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Osakabe M, Yamada N, Sugimoto R, Uesugi N, Nakao E, Honda M, Yanagawa N, Sugai T. The pattern-based interpretation of p53 immunohistochemical expression as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutations in colorectal cancer. Virchows Arch 2024:10.1007/s00428-024-03790-z. [PMID: 38512505 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the TP53 gene, most commonly observed in colorectal cancer (CRC), play an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Although p53 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression patterns have been argued to serve as an excellent surrogate marker for TP53 mutations, its performance has not been confirmed in CRC. We aimed to determine whether p53 IHC expression patterns accurately predict TP53 mutation status as examined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). We performed p53 IHC and sequencing of TP53 by NGS in 92 CRC cases with a microsatellite stable phenotype to investigate the correlation between TP53 mutation status and p53 IHC expression. The concordance between p53 IHC and TP53 mutation was 84/92 (91.3%) overall. However, 6 mutant cases were found in 39 cases with a wild-type IHC pattern. Additionally, there were two discordant cases in which an abnormal p53 IHC pattern (overexpression or cytoplasmic pattern) was found, while NGS detected wild-type p53. Therefore, the optimized p53 IHC performs well and serves as a surrogate test for TP53 mutation in CRC cases. Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent reproducibility between two independent experienced pathologists and may have novel clinical utility for molecular classification algorithms in CRC. We suggest that the four-tier classification of p53 IHC patterns is helpful to evaluate molecular colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Morioka, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yamada
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Morioka, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Morioka, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Morioka, 028-3695, Japan
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 7-115, Hachiyamada, Kooriyama City, 963-8563, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakao
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 7-115, Hachiyamada, Kooriyama City, 963-8563, Japan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 7-115, Hachiyamada, Kooriyama City, 963-8563, Japan
| | - Michitaka Honda
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 7-115, Hachiyamada, Kooriyama City, 963-8563, Japan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Morioka, 028-3695, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Shiwagun'yahabachou, Morioka, 028-3695, Japan.
- Diagnostic Pathology Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, 7-115, Hachiyamada, Kooriyama City, 963-8563, Japan.
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Cruz-Pacheco AF, Quinchia J, Orozco J. Nanostructured poly(thiophene acetic acid)/Au/poly(methylene blue) interface for electrochemical immunosensing of p53 protein. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:136. [PMID: 36920574 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A poly(thiophene acetic acid)/Au/poly(methylene blue) nanostructured interface was electrochemically assembled step-by-step on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) for label-free detection of p53 protein. The initial electrical conductive properties of the polymeric interface were increased with an additional layer of poly(methylene blue) electropolymerized in the presence of gold nanoparticles. The nano-immunosensing architecture was prepared by covalent immobilization of anti-p53 antibodies as bioreceptors through the poly(thiophene acetic acid) moieties. The nano-immunosensor assembly was extensively characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, p53 was specifically and selectively detected by square wave voltammetry in a linear range between 1 and 100 ng mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.65 ng mL-1. In addition, the electrochemical nano-immunosensor detected p53 in spiked human serum samples and colorectal cancer cell lysates, and the results were validated with a standard spectrophotometric method using a paired samples t test, which did not exhibit significant differences between both methods. The resultant p53 nano-immunosensor is simple to assemble, robust, and has the potential for point-of-care biomarker detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F Cruz-Pacheco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jennifer Quinchia
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 No. 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu K, Lu C. 5-Fluorouracil Suppresses Colon Tumor through Activating the p53-Fas Pathway to Sensitize Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to FasL + Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1563. [PMID: 36900354 PMCID: PMC10001142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelosuppression is a major adverse effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. However, recent findings indicate that 5-FU selectively suppresses myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), to enhance antitumor immunity in tumor-bearing mice. 5-FU-mediated myelosuppression may thus have a beneficial effect for cancer patients. The molecular mechanism underlying 5-FU's suppression of MDSCs is currently unknown. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that 5-FU suppresses MDSCs through enhancing MDSC sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis. We observed that, although FasL is highly expressed in T cells, Fas is weakly expressed in myeloid cells in human colon carcinoma, indicating that downregulation of Fas is a mechanism underlying myeloid cell survival and accumulation in human colon cancer. 5-FU treatment upregulated expression of both p53 and Fas, and knocking down p53 diminished 5-FU-induced Fas expression in MDSC-like cells, in vitro. 5-FU treatment also increased MDSC-like cell sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we determined that 5-FU therapy increased expression of Fas on MDSCs, suppressed MDSC accumulation, and increased CTL tumor infiltration in colon tumor-bearing mice. In human colorectal cancer patients, 5-FU chemotherapy decreased MDSC accumulation and increased CTL level. Our findings determine that 5-FU chemotherapy activates the p53-Fas pathway, to suppress MDSC accumulation, to increase CTL tumor infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingqing Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yongdan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chunwan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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6
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Potential Role of ROS in Butyrate- and Dietary Fiber-Mediated Growth Inhibition and Modulation of Cell Cycle-, Apoptosis- and Antioxidant-Relevant Proteins in LT97 Colon Adenoma and HT29 Colon Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020440. [PMID: 36672389 PMCID: PMC9857069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to chemopreventive effects of fermentation supernatants (FS) of different dietary fibers (Synergy1®, oat-, barley-, yeast β-glucan, Curdlan) and butyrate as a fermentation metabolite. LT97 and HT29 cells were treated with butyrate and FS alone or with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and their impact on ROS formation, cell growth, and protein expression (Cyclin D2, p21, PARP, Bid, GPx2) was investigated. Butyrate and FS significantly decreased cell growth. ROS levels were significantly increased, particularly in LT97 cells, while co-treatment with NAC decreased ROS formation and growth inhibitory effects in both cell lines. After treatment with butyrate and FS, Cyclin D2 expression was reduced in LT97 cells and p21 expression was increased in both cell lines. Levels of full-length PARP and Bid were decreased, while levels of cleaved PARP were enhanced. GPx2 expression was significantly reduced by fiber FS in HT29 cells. A notable effect of NAC on butyrate- and FS-modulated protein expression was observed exclusively for PARP and Bid in HT29 cells. From the present results, a contribution of ROS to growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of butyrate and FS on LT97 and HT29 cells cannot be excluded.
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7
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Minabian S, Soleimani S. S, Torabi M, Mohammadi M, Ranjbar H. Evaluation of P53 protein expression in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis by immunohistochemistry methods. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1348-1353. [PMID: 36263737 PMCID: PMC9760160 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is one of the most important periodontal diseases that can be affected by many factors. Although the mechanism of periodontitis development is not yet fully understood, previous studies suggest that apoptosis may be one of the pathological factors that can affect the process of the disease by destroying old and damaged cells. Low expression of P53 protein is one of the reasons for delaying cell death that allows damaged cells to survive longer and gives more time for the chance of mutations and pathogenesis. Because of the important role of P53 in gingival cells of patients with chronic periodontitis, the objective of our study is to evaluate the P53 protein expression in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis by immunohistochemistry methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 35 patients with severe to moderate chronic periodontitis (loss of attachment ≥3 mm, probing depth ≥5 mm) with no treatment and 25 people who were healthy for periodontal problems were examined. Gingival biopsies from marginal and attached gingiva were obtained, prepared, and mounted on slides. Then, the expression of P53 on each slide was evaluated by optic microscopy after using P53 antibodies and staining with hematoxylin-eosin (immunohistochemistry method). Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearman correlation test using SPSS Statistics version 18.0. RESULTS The mean ages of participants in the case and control groups were 37.58 and 32.09, respectively. Our results showed that the expression of P53 was not significant in periodontitis compared to the control group (p > .05). Also, gender could not affect the expression of P53 in both groups (p > .05), and there was no significant relationship between age and P53 gene incidence. CONCLUSION Chronic periodontitis has no significant effect on P53 expression, so changes in apoptosis due to P53 expression in periodontitis are not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Minabian
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Shima Soleimani S.
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Molook Torabi
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran,Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of DentistryKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Oral and Dental Diseases Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran,Periodontics Department, School of DentistryKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Hadi Ranjbar
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychological Health Research InstituteIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Narayan S, Raza A, Mahmud I, Koo N, Garrett TJ, Law ME, Law BK, Sharma AK. Sensitization of FOLFOX-resistant colorectal cancer cells via the modulation of a novel pathway involving protein phosphatase 2A. iScience 2022; 25:104518. [PMID: 35754740 PMCID: PMC9218363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) with FOLFOX shows some efficacy, but these tumors quickly develop resistance to this treatment. We have observed increased phosphorylation of AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1 and levels of p21 in FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells. We have identified a small molecule, NSC49L, that stimulates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, downregulates the AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1-axis, and inhibits p21 translation. We have provided evidence that NSC49L- and TRAIL-mediated sensitization is synergistically induced in p21-knockdown CRC cells, which is reversed in p21-overexpressing cells. p21 binds with procaspase 3 and prevents the activation of caspase 3. We have shown that TRAIL induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase 3 by NSC49L-mediated downregulation of p21 translation, and thereby cleavage of procaspase 3 into caspase 3. NSC49L does not affect global protein synthesis. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of NSC49L as a PP2A agonist, and how its combination with TRAIL sensitizes FOLFOX-resistant CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nayeong Koo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mary E. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian K. Law
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Ogiri M, Seishima R, Nakamura K, Aimono E, Matsui S, Shigeta K, Chiyoda T, Tanishima S, Okabayashi K, Nishihara H, Kitagawa Y. Real-world application of next-generation sequencing-based test for surgically resectable colorectal cancer in clinical practice. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2701-2711. [PMID: 35818975 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the significance of next-generation sequencing-based gene panel testing in surgically resectable colorectal cancer by analyzing real-world data. Materials & methods: A total of 107 colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative surgery were included, and correlations between next-generation sequencing data and clinicopathological findings were evaluated. Results: More combination patterns in gene alteration were identified in advanced-stage tumors than in early-stage tumors. The copy number alteration count was significantly lower in right-sided colon tumors and early-stage tumors. Homologous recombination deficiency was more often identified in advanced-stage tumors, and high homologous recombination deficiency status was useful for identifying high-risk stage II tumors. Conclusion: Homologous recombination deficiency was identified as a useful result of gene panel testing with novel utility in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ogiri
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Seishima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Aimono
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Shigeta
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Chiyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tanishima
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Kansai Division, Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Fukusada S, Shimura T, Iwasaki H, Okuda Y, Katano T, Ozeki T, Kitagawa M, Nishie H, Tanaka M, Ozeki K, Kubota E, Tanida S, Kataoka H. Relationship between gene mutations and clinicopathological features in nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:905-910. [PMID: 34961702 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular features of nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs) remain unclear. AIM The aim of this study is to determine the association between the genetic features and clinicopathological findings of NADETs. METHODS In total, 75 NADETs were enrolled in this study, and was performed targeted DNA sequencing of the GNAS, KRAS, TP53, and APC genes. Histological grade was classified as category 3 or category 4/5 according to the Vienna classification, and the immunophenotype was categorized as the gastric phenotype (G type), gastrointestinal phenotype (GI type), or the intestinal phenotype (I type). RESULTS The prevalence of GNAS and KRAS mutations was significantly higher in the G type than in the GI/I type (GNAS, P = 0.027; KRAS, P = 0.005). In contrast, the frequency of TP53 mutations was significantly higher in the GI/I type than in the G type (P = 0.049). Notably, APC mutations, excluding c.4479 G>A which was synonymous mutation, were more frequently identified in category 4/5 tumors than in category 3 tumors (50% vs. 24.5%; P = 0.039). CONCLUSION G-type NADETs harbored frequent GNAS and KRAS mutations, whereas TP53 mutations are common in NADETs with intestinal features. APC mutations were significantly associated with high-grade neoplasia and invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Fukusada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiroyasu Iwasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takahito Katano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takanori Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mika Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotada Nishie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keiji Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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11
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Hálková T, Ptáčková R, Semyakina A, Suchánek Š, Traboulsi E, Ngo O, Hejcmanová K, Májek O, Bureš J, Zavoral M, Minárik M, Benešová L. Somatic Mutations in Exon 7 of the TP53 Gene in Index Colorectal Lesions Are Associated with the Early Occurrence of Metachronous Adenoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122823. [PMID: 35740488 PMCID: PMC9221022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Identifying patients with an increased risk of early recurrence of colorectal lesions is still a problem. In our study, we focused on improving this identification by determining the mutation profile of index lesions. We found a statistically significant association between the mutation in exon 7 of the TP53 gene in the index lesion and the risk of early metachronous adenoma. Abstract (1) Background: this prospective study was focused on detailed analysis of the mutation heterogeneity in colorectal lesions removed during baseline (index) colonoscopy to identify patients at high risk of early occurrence of metachronous adenomas. (2) Methods: a total of 120 patients after endoscopic therapy of advanced colorectal neoplasia size ≥10 mm (index lesion) with subsequent surveillance colonoscopy after 10–18 months were included. In total, 143 index lesions and 84 synchronous lesions in paraffin blocks were divided into up to 30 samples. In each of them, the detection of somatic mutations in 11 hot spot gene loci was performed. Statistical analysis to correlate the mutation profiles and the degree of heterogeneity of the lesions with the risk of metachronous adenoma occurrence was undertaken. (3) Results: mutation in exon 7 of the TP53 gene found in the index lesion significantly correlated with the early occurrence of metachronous adenoma (log-rank test p = 0.003, hazard ratio 2.73, 95% confidence interval 1.14–6.56). We did not find an association between the risk of metachronous adenomas and other markers monitored. (4) Conclusions: the findings of this study could lead to an adjustment of existing recommendations for surveillance colonoscopies in a specific group of patients with mutations in exon 7 of the TP53 gene in an index lesion, where a shortening of surveillance interval may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Hálková
- Centre for Applied Genomics of Solid Tumors (CEGES), Genomac Research Institute, Drnovská 1112/60, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (R.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Renata Ptáčková
- Centre for Applied Genomics of Solid Tumors (CEGES), Genomac Research Institute, Drnovská 1112/60, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (R.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Anastasiya Semyakina
- Centre for Applied Genomics of Solid Tumors (CEGES), Genomac Research Institute, Drnovská 1112/60, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (R.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Štěpán Suchánek
- Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eva Traboulsi
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Ngo
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.N.); (K.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Kateřina Hejcmanová
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.N.); (K.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Ondřej Májek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (O.N.); (K.H.); (O.M.)
| | - Jan Bureš
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Zavoral
- Department of Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské Nemocnice 1200, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marek Minárik
- Centre for Applied Genomics of Solid Tumors (CEGES), Genomac Research Institute, Drnovská 1112/60, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (R.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.)
- Elphogene, Drnovská 1112/60, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Benešová
- Centre for Applied Genomics of Solid Tumors (CEGES), Genomac Research Institute, Drnovská 1112/60, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.H.); (R.P.); (A.S.); (M.M.); (L.B.)
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Shi G, Liu M, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang N. Effects of Inflammatory Response Genes on the Immune Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:886949. [PMID: 35464849 PMCID: PMC9032353 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The close relationship between colorectal cancer and inflammation has been widely reported. However, the relationship between colorectal cancer and inflammation at the genetic level is not fully understood.Method: From a genetic perspective, this study explored the relationship between inflammation-related genes and the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer. We identified prognostic genes, namely CX3CL1, CCL22, SERPINE1, LTB4R, XCL1, GAL, TIMP1, ADIPOQ, and CRH, by using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. A risk scoring model for inflammatory response was established, and patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were divided into two groups: high risk group and low risk group.Results: The analysis showed that the prognosis of the two groups was significantly different, and the low-risk group had a higher survival rate and longer survival time. Pathways related to apoptosis, inflammatory response, and hypoxia were significantly enriched as shown via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Activated dendritic cell infiltration was found in both the TCGA and GEO databases, and the CCL21 gene played a significant role in the process of activated dendritic cell infiltration. CCL21 gene was also positively correlated with inflammatory response, and the gene expression and risk score were significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion: In summary, inflammatory response has a direct impact on patients with colorectal cancer in the prognosis and immune infiltration and further research studies on the inflammatory response can help in advancing the development of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Wang
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Nan Zhang,
| | - Nan Zhang
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Nan Zhang,
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13
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Smith JC, Sheltzer JM. Genome-wide identification and analysis of prognostic features in human cancers. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110569. [PMID: 35354049 PMCID: PMC9042322 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical decisions in cancer rely on precisely assessing patient risk. To improve our ability to identify the most aggressive malignancies, we constructed genome-wide survival models using gene expression, copy number, methylation, and mutation data from 10,884 patients. We identified more than 100,000 significant prognostic biomarkers and demonstrate that these genomic features can predict patient outcomes in clinically ambiguous situations. While adverse biomarkers are commonly believed to represent cancer driver genes and promising therapeutic targets, we show that cancer features associated with shorter survival times are not enriched for either oncogenes or for successful drug targets. Instead, the strongest adverse biomarkers represent widely expressed cell-cycle and housekeeping genes, and, correspondingly, nearly all therapies directed against these features have failed in clinical trials. In total, our analysis establishes a rich resource for prognostic biomarker analysis and clarifies the use of patient survival data in preclinical cancer research and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan C Smith
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Google, Inc., New York, NY 10011, USA
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14
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Suzuki T, Hirokawa T, Maeda A, Harata S, Watanabe K, Yanagita T, Ushigome H, Nakai N, Maeda Y, Shiga K, Ogawa R, Mitsui A, Kimura M, Matsuo Y, Takahashi H, Takiguchi S. ATR inhibitor AZD6738 increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5‑fluorouracil by inhibiting repair of DNA damage. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:78. [PMID: 35191521 PMCID: PMC8892626 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage caused by chemotherapy in cancer cells occurs mainly at two cell cycle checkpoints (G1 and G2) and is a factor contributing to chemoresistance. Most colorectal cancers harbor mutations in p53, the main pathway involved in the G1 checkpoint, and thus, are particularly dependent on the G2 checkpoint for DNA repair. The present study examined the effect of AZD6738, a specific inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (ATR) involved in the G2 checkpoint, combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a central chemotherapeutic agent, on colorectal cancer cells. Since 5-FU has a DNA-damaging effect, its combination with AZD6738 is likely to enhance the therapeutic effect. The effects of the AZD6738/5-FU combination were evaluated in various colorectal cancer cells (HT29, SW480, HCT116 and DLD-1 cells) by flow cytometry (HT29 cells), western blotting (HT29 cells) and water-soluble tetrazolium 1 assays (HT29, SW480, HCT116 and DLD-1 cells), as well as in an experimental animal model (HT29 cells). In vitro, the AZD6738/5-FU combination increased the number of mitotic cells according to flow cytometry, decreased the checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation levels and increased cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated form of H2A.X variant histone levels according to western blotting, and decreased the proliferation rate of four colon cancer cell lines according to cell viability experiments. In vivo, xenografted colorectal cancer cells treated with the AZD6738/5-FU combination exhibited a marked decrease in proliferation compared with the 5-FU alone group. The present results suggested that AZD6738 enhanced the effect of 5-FU in p53-mutated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Anri Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Harata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Kaori Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanagita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Hajime Ushigome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Yuzo Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shiga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Ryo Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Akira Mitsui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 462‑8508, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 464‑8547, Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8601, Japan
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15
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Jayathilake AG, Kadife E, Kuol N, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Krill oil supplementation reduces the growth of CT-26 orthotopic tumours in Balb/c mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:34. [PMID: 35120511 PMCID: PMC8817584 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that the free fatty acid extract (FFAE) of krill oil (KO) significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo efficacy of various doses of KO supplementation on the inhibition of CRC tumour growth, molecular markers of proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream molecular signalling. Methods Male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups with five in each group. The control (untreated) group received standard chow diet; and other three groups received KO supplementation at 5%, 10%, and 15% of their daily dietary intake respectively for three weeks before and after the orthotopic implantation of CT-26 CRC cells in their caecum. The expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 and angiogenesis marker CD-31 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), protein kinase B (AKT), pAKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), pERK1/2, cleaved caspase-7, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and DNA/RNA damage were determined by western blot. Results KO supplementation reduced the CRC tumour growth in a dose-dependent manner; with 15% of KO being the most effective in reduction of tumour weight and volume (68.5% and 68.3% respectively, P < 0.001), inhibition of cell proliferation by 69.9% (P < 0.001) and microvessel density by 72.7% (P < 0.001). The suppressive effects of KO on EGFR and its downstream signalling, ERK1/2 and AKT, were consistent with our previous in vitro observations. Furthermore, KO exhibited pro-apoptotic effects on tumour cells as indicated by an increase in the expression of cleaved PARP by 3.9-fold and caspase-7 by 8.9-fold. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that KO supplementation reduces CRC tumour growth by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and blood vessel formation and inducing apoptosis of tumour cells. These anti-cancer effects are associated with the downregulation of the EGFR signalling pathway and activation of caspase-7, PARP cleavage, and DNA/RNA damage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03521-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Kadife
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Nyanbol Kuol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.
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16
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Rusu S, Verocq C, Trepant AL, Maris C, De Nève N, Blanchard O, Van Campenhout C, De Clercq S, Rorive S, Cotoi OS, Decaestecker C, Salmon I, D'Haene N. Immunohistochemistry as an accurate tool for the assessment of BRAF V600E and TP53 mutations in primary and metastatic melanoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:270. [PMID: 34790354 PMCID: PMC8591695 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a fatal disease with poor prognosis. Ever since targeted therapy against oncogenic BRAF was approved, molecular profiling has become an integral part of the management of such patients. While molecular testing is not available in all pathology laboratories, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a reliable screening option. The major objective of the present study was to evaluate whether IHC detection of BRAF and the tumor (suppressor) protein 53 gene (TP53) are reliable surrogates for mutation detection. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of melanomas for which molecular data were previously obtained by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) between January 2014 and February 2019 were immunostained with BRAF V600E and p53 antibodies. A blinded evaluation of the IHC slides was performed by two pathologists in order to evaluate inter-observer concordance (discordant cases were reviewed by a third observer). The associations between the results of IHC and molecular profiling were evaluated. The study included a series of 37 cases of which 15 harbored a BRAF mutation and five a TP53 mutation. IHC had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 93.9% for BRAF V600E and 68.8% for TP53 compared to NGS. A statistically significant association between the two diagnostic methods was obtained for BRAF V600E (P=0.0004) but not for p53 (P=0.3098) IHC. The κ coefficient for IHC assessment of p53 was 0.55 and that for BRAF V600E was 0.72. In conclusion, the present results evidenced that IHC staining is a reliable surrogate for NGS in identifying the BRAF V600E mutation, which may become an efficient screening tool. Aberrant expression of p53 on IHC is at times associated with TP53 mutations but it was not possible to establish a direct link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Verocq
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Laure Trepant
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), B-6040 Charleroi (Jumet), Belgium
| | - Calliope Maris
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), B-6040 Charleroi (Jumet), Belgium
| | - Nancy De Nève
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oriane Blanchard
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Van Campenhout
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Clercq
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), B-6040 Charleroi (Jumet), Belgium
| | - Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Hospital of Targu Mures, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology 'George Emil Palade' of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, RO-540139 Mures County, Romania
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- DIAPath-Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium.,Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), B-6040 Charleroi (Jumet), Belgium.,DIAPath-Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nicky D'Haene
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Centre Universitaire Inter Regional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), B-6040 Charleroi (Jumet), Belgium
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17
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L-amino acid oxidase from snake venom: Biotransformation and induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174466. [PMID: 34481879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of antitumor activity of snake venom from Vipera ammodytes and L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus adamanteus on different colorectal cancer cell lines through determination of cytotoxic activity by MTT assay, pro-apoptotic activity by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, and concentrations of redox status parameters (superoxide, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation) by colorimetric methods. The expression of genes involved in the biotransformation process and metabolite efflux was determined by qPCR method, while protein expression of glutathione synthetase and P-glycoprotein were analysed by immunocytochemistry. The analysis of cell death shows that snake venom dominantly leads cells to necrosis. Induction of apoptosis by L-amino acid oxidase was in correlation with oxidative disbalance in cancer cells. Gene expression profile of membrane transporters and CYP genes were different in each cell line and in correlation with their sensitivity of treatment. Our results show that L-amino acid oxidase from snake venom is a potent cytotoxic substance with pronounced pro-apoptotic activity. The inhibition of P-glycoprotein suggests that L-amino acid oxidase is a good substance for furter research of antitumor effect, with unexpressed potential for occurrence of drug resistance in vitro.
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18
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Spencer PS, Kisby GE. Role of Hydrazine-Related Chemicals in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1953-1969. [PMID: 34379394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine-related chemicals (HRCs) with carcinogenic and neurotoxic potential are found in certain mushrooms and plants used for food and in products employed in various industries, including aerospace. Their propensity to induce DNA damage (mostly O6-, N7- and 8-oxo-guanine lesions) resulting in multiple downstream effects is linked with both cancer and neurological disease. For cycling cells, unrepaired DNA damage leads to mutation and uncontrolled mitosis. By contrast, postmitotic neurons attempt to re-enter the cell cycle but undergo apoptosis or nonapoptotic cell death. Biomarkers of exposure to HRCs can be used to explore whether these substances are risk factors for sporadic amyotrophic laterals sclerosis and other noninherited neurodegenerative diseases, which is the focus of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Spencer
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Glen E Kisby
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355, United States
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19
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Doubleday PF, Fornelli L, Ntai I, Kelleher NL. Oncogenic KRAS creates an aspartate metabolism signature in colorectal cancer cells. FEBS J 2021; 288:6683-6699. [PMID: 34227245 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene are found in 30-50% of colorectal cancers (CRC), and recent findings have demonstrated independent and nonredundant roles for wild-type and mutant KRAS alleles in governing signaling and metabolism. Here, we quantify proteomic changes manifested by KRAS mutation and KRAS allele loss in isogenic cell lines. We show that the expression of KRASG13D upregulates aspartate metabolizing proteins including PCK1, PCK2, ASNS, and ASS1. Furthermore, differential expression analyses of transcript-level data from CRC tumors identified the upregulation of urea cycle enzymes in CRC. We find that expression of ASS1 supports colorectal cancer cell proliferation and promotes tumor formation in vitro. We show that loss of ASS1 can be rescued with high levels of several metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Doubleday
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Luca Fornelli
- Department of Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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20
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Natural Merosesquiterpenes Activate the DNA Damage Response via DNA Strand Break Formation and Trigger Apoptotic Cell Death in p53-Wild-type and Mutant Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133282. [PMID: 34209047 PMCID: PMC8268692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bowel cancer is a serious disease, which affects many people worldwide. Unfortunately, the disease is often diagnosed in an advanced stage, which impairs the chance of survival. Furthermore, resistance to therapy occurs frequently. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are required to improve cancer therapy. Here, we studied whether merosesquiterpenes might be useful for cancer treatment. These compounds occur in marine sponges and were isolated by our group. We were able to identify three compounds with potent cytotoxic activity in different cell lines established from human large bowel cancer. Our experiments provided evidence that the compounds cause DNA damage and trigger cell death, so-called mitochondrial apoptosis, which was attested in cancer cells with expression of wild-type and mutated p53 tumor suppressor. Finally, we show that merosesquiterpenes also kill intestinal tumor organoids, an ex vivo model of large bowel cancer. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently occurring malignant disease with still low survival rates, highlighting the need for novel therapeutics. Merosesquiterpenes are secondary metabolites from marine sponges, which might be useful as antitumor agents. To address this issue, we made use of a compound library comprising 11 isolated merosesquiterpenes. The most cytotoxic compounds were smenospongine > ilimaquinone ≈ dactylospontriol, as shown in different human CRC cell lines. Alkaline Comet assays and γH2AX immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated DNA strand break formation in CRC cells. Western blot analysis revealed an activation of the DNA damage response with CHK1 phosphorylation, stabilization of p53 and p21, which occurred both in CRC cells with p53 knockout and in p53-mutated CRC cells. This resulted in cell cycle arrest followed by a strong increase in the subG1 population, indicative of apoptosis, and typical morphological alterations. In consistency, cell death measurements showed apoptosis following exposure to merosesquiterpenes. Gene expression studies and analysis of caspase cleavage revealed mitochondrial apoptosis via BAX, BIM, and caspase-9 as the main cell death pathway. Interestingly, the compounds were equally effective in p53-wild-type and p53-mutant CRC cells. Finally, the cytotoxic activity of the merosesquiterpenes was corroborated in intestinal tumor organoids, emphasizing their potential for CRC chemotherapy.
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Teroerde M, Nientiedt C, Duensing A, Hohenfellner M, Stenzinger A, Duensing S. Revisiting the Role of p53 in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.36255/exonpublications.prostatecancer.p53.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Ho CT, Wu MH, Chen MJ, Lin SP, Yen YT, Hung SC. Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Delivered Oncolytic Virus with Prodrug Activation Increases Efficacy and Safety of Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:548. [PMID: 34068264 PMCID: PMC8153168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oncolytic viruses are currently being evaluated for cancer treatment in clinical trials, systemic administration is hindered by many factors that prevent them from reaching the tumor cells. When administered systemically, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) target tumors, and therefore constitute good cell carriers for oncolytic viruses. MSCs were primed with trichostatin A under hypoxia, which upregulated the expression of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor involved in tumor tropism, and coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor that plays an important role in adenoviral infection. After priming, MSCs were loaded with conditionally replicative adenovirus that exhibits limited proliferation in cells with a functional p53 pathway and encodes Escherichia coli nitroreductase (NTR) enzymes (CRAdNTR) for targeting tumor cells. Primed MSCs increased tumor tropism and susceptibility to adenoviral infection, and successfully protected CRAdNTR from neutralization by anti-adenovirus antibodies both in vitro and in vivo, and specifically targeted p53-deficient colorectal tumors when infused intravenously. Analyses of deproteinized tissues by UPLC-MS/QTOF revealed that these MSCs converted the co-administered prodrug CB1954 into cytotoxic metabolites, such as 4-hydroxylamine and 2-amine, inducing oncolysis and tumor growth inhibition without being toxic for the host vital organs. This study shows that the combination of oncolytic viruses delivered by MSCs with the activation of prodrugs is a new cancer treatment strategy that provides a new approach for the development of oncolytic viral therapy for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Te Ho
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (M.-H.W.); (S.-P.L.)
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital & Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Pei Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (M.-H.W.); (S.-P.L.)
| | - Yu-Ting Yen
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Drug Development Center, Institute of New Drug Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (C.-T.H.); (Y.-T.Y.)
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, Department of Orthopaedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Ho K, Luo H, Zhu W, Tang Y. Critical role of SMG7 in activation of the ATR-CHK1 axis in response to genotoxic stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7502. [PMID: 33820915 PMCID: PMC8021557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CHK1 is a crucial DNA damage checkpoint kinase and its activation, which requires ATR and RAD17, leads to inhibition of DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Recently, we reported that SMG7 stabilizes and activates p53 to induce G1 arrest upon DNA damage; here we show that SMG7 plays a critical role in the activation of the ATR-CHK1 axis. Following genotoxic stress, SMG7-null cells exhibit deficient ATR signaling, indicated by the attenuated phosphorylation of CHK1 and RPA32, and importantly, unhindered DNA replication and fork progression. Through its 14-3-3 domain, SMG7 interacts directly with the Ser635-phosphorylated RAD17 and promotes chromatin retention of the 9-1-1 complex by the RAD17-RFC, an essential step to CHK1 activation. Furthermore, through maintenance of CHK1 activity, SMG7 controls G2-M transition and facilitates orderly cell cycle progression during recovery from replication stress. Taken together, our data reveals SMG7 as an indispensable signaling component in the ATR-CHK1 pathway during genotoxic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Ho
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Hongwei Luo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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Li H, Wang J, Huang K, Zhang T, Gao L, Yang S, Yi W, Niu Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang G, Tao K, Wang L, Cai K. Nkx2.5 Functions as a Conditional Tumor Suppressor Gene in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Acting as a Transcriptional Coactivator in p53-Mediated p21 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648045. [PMID: 33869046 PMCID: PMC8047315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK2 homeobox 5 (Nkx2.5), a homeobox-containing transcription factor, is associated with a spectrum of congenital heart diseases. Recently, Nkx2.5 was also found to be differentially expressed in several kinds of tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and cells, hypermethylation of Nkx2.5 was observed. However, the roles of Nkx2.5 in CRC cells have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between Nkx2.5 and CRC by analyzing the expression pattern of Nkx2.5 in CRC samples and the adjacent normal colonic mucosa (NCM) samples, as well as in CRC cell lines. We found higher expression of Nkx2.5 in CRC compared with NCM samples. CRC cell lines with poorer differentiation also had higher expression of Nkx2.5. Although this expression pattern makes Nkx2.5 seem like an oncogene, in vitro and in vivo tumor suppressive effects of Nkx2.5 were detected in HCT116 cells by establishing Nkx2.5-overexpressed CRC cells. However, Nkx2.5 overexpression was incapacitated in SW480 cells. To further assess the mechanism, different expression levels and mutational status of p53 were observed in HCT116 and SW480 cells. The expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a downstream antitumor effector of p53, in CRC cells depends on both expression level and mutational status of p53. Overexpressed Nkx2.5 could elevate the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 only in CRC cells with wild-type p53 (HCT116), rather than in CRC cells with mutated p53 (SW480). Mechanistically, Nkx2.5 could interact with p53 and increase the transcription of p21WAF1/CIP1 without affecting the expression of p53. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that Nkx2.5 could act as a conditional tumor suppressor gene in CRC cells with respect to the mutational status of p53. The tumor suppressive effect of Nkx2.5 could be mediated by its role as a transcriptional coactivator in wild-type p53-mediated p21WAF1/CIP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangyang Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Dionellis VS, Norkin M, Karamichali A, Rossetti GG, Huelsken J, Ordonez-Moran P, Halazonetis TD. Genomic Instability Profiles at the Single Cell Level in Mouse Colorectal Cancers of Defined Genotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061267. [PMID: 33809306 PMCID: PMC7999300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of many human CRCs have been sequenced, revealing a large number of genetic alterations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of these alterations are still being debated. In this study, we examined colorectal tumours that developed in mice with Apclox/lox, LSL-KrasG12D, and Tp53lox/lox targetable alleles. Organoids were derived from single cells and the spectrum of mutations was determined by exome sequencing. The number of single nucleotide substitutions (SNSs) correlated with the age of the tumour, but was unaffected by the number of targeted cancer-driver genes. Thus, tumours that expressed mutant Apc, Kras, and Tp53 alleles had as many SNSs as tumours that expressed only mutant Apc. In contrast, the presence of large-scale (>10 Mb) copy number alterations (CNAs) correlated strongly with Tp53 inactivation. Comparison of the SNSs and CNAs present in organoids derived from the same tumour revealed intratumoural heterogeneity consistent with genomic lesions accumulating at significantly higher rates in tumour cells compared to normal cells. The rate of acquisition of SNSs increased from the early stages of cancer development, whereas large-scale CNAs accumulated later, after Tp53 inactivation. Thus, a significant fraction of the genomic instability present in cancer cells cannot be explained by aging processes occurring in normal cells before oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis S. Dionellis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Maxim Norkin
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Swiss Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Angeliki Karamichali
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Giacomo G. Rossetti
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Swiss Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), ISREC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (P.O.-M.); (T.D.H.)
| | - Paloma Ordonez-Moran
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (P.O.-M.); (T.D.H.)
| | - Thanos D. Halazonetis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (V.S.D.); (A.K.); (G.G.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (P.O.-M.); (T.D.H.)
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The CDT of Helicobacter hepaticus induces pro-survival autophagy and nucleoplasmic reticulum formation concentrating the RNA binding proteins UNR/CSDE1 and P62/SQSTM1. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009320. [PMID: 33662035 PMCID: PMC7963068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are frequently exposed to bacterial genotoxins of the gut microbiota, such as colibactin and cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). In the present study, whole genome microarray-based identification of differentially expressed genes was performed in vitro on HT29 intestinal cells while following the ectopic expression of the active CdtB subunit of Helicobacter hepaticus CDT. Microarray data showed a CdtB-dependent upregulation of transcripts involved in positive regulation of autophagy concomitant with the downregulation of transcripts involved in negative regulation of autophagy. CdtB promotes the activation of autophagy in intestinal and hepatic cell lines. Experiments with cells lacking autophagy related genes, ATG5 and ATG7 infected with CDT- and colibactin-producing bacteria revealed that autophagy protects cells against the genotoxin-induced apoptotic cell death. Autophagy induction could also be associated with nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR) formation following DNA damage induced by these bacterial genotoxins. In addition, both genotoxins promote the accumulation of the autophagic receptor P62/SQSTM1 aggregates, which colocalized with foci concentrating the RNA binding protein UNR/CSDE1. Some of these aggregates were deeply invaginated in NR in distended nuclei together or in the vicinity of UNR-rich foci. Interestingly, micronuclei-like structures and some vesicles containing chromatin and γH2AX foci were found surrounded with P62/SQSTM1 and/or the autophagosome marker LC3. This study suggests that autophagy and P62/SQSTM1 regulate the abundance of micronuclei-like structures and are involved in cell survival following the DNA damage induced by CDT and colibactin. Similar effects were observed in response to DNA damaging chemotherapeutic agents, offering new insights into the context of resistance of cancer cells to therapies inducing DNA damage.
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Khan I, Mahfooz S, Saeed M, Ahmad I, Ansari IA. Andrographolide Inhibits Proliferation of Colon Cancer SW-480 Cells via Downregulating Notch Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:487-497. [PMID: 32679024 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200717143109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the Notch signaling pathway has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target for chemotherapeutic intervention. However, the efficacy of previously known Notch inhibitors in colon cancer is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of andrographolide on aberrantly activated Notch signaling in SW-480 cells in vitro. METHODS The cytostatic potential of andrographolide on SW-480 cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, morphology assessment, and colony formation assay. The apoptotic activity was evaluated by FITC Annexin V assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), Hoechst, Rhodamine 123, and Mito Tracker CMXRos staining. Scratch assay was conducted for migratory potential assessment. 7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining was used to evaluate the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. Relative mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl2, NOTCH 1, and JAGGED 1 was estimated by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell cycle phase distribution was evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. RESULTS MTT assay demonstrated the dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity of andrographolide on SW-480 cells. It also inhibited the migratory and colony forming potential of SW-480 cells. Furthermore, andrographolide also showed disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis through nuclear condensation. Flow cytometric evaluation showed that andrographolide enhanced early and late apoptotic cells and induced upregulation of pro-apoptotic (Bax and Bad) and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 in treated SW- 480 cells. Andrographolide augmented intracellular ROS generation and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in colon cancer SW-480 cells. Furthermore, andrographolide repressed the Notch signaling by decreasing the expression of NOTCH 1 and JAGGED 1. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that andrographolide constraint the growth of SW-480 cells through the inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BezmialemVakif University, YalıköyMahallesi, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BezmialemVakif University, YalıköyMahallesi, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
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STAT3 and p53: Dual Target for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120637. [PMID: 33371351 PMCID: PMC7767392 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is considered the "guardian of the genome" that can protect cells against cancer by inducing cell cycle arrest followed by cell death. However, STAT3 is constitutively activated in several human cancers and plays crucial roles in promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. Hence, STAT3 and p53 have opposing roles in cellular pathway regulation, as activation of STAT3 upregulates the survival pathway, whereas p53 triggers the apoptotic pathway. Constitutive activation of STAT3 and gain or loss of p53 function due to mutations are the most frequent events in numerous cancer types. Several studies have reported the association of STAT3 and/or p53 mutations with drug resistance in cancer treatment. This review discusses the relationship between STAT3 and p53 status in cancer, the molecular mechanism underlying the negative regulation of p53 by STAT3, and vice versa. Moreover, it underlines prospective therapies targeting both STAT3 and p53 to enhance chemotherapeutic outcomes.
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Grimes DR, Jansen M, Macauley RJ, Scott JG, Basanta D. Evidence for hypoxia increasing the tempo of evolution in glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1562-1569. [PMID: 32848201 PMCID: PMC7653934 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-1021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour hypoxia is associated with metastatic disease, and while there have been many mechanisms proposed for why tumour hypoxia is associated with metastatic disease, it remains unclear whether one precise mechanism is the key reason or several in concert. Somatic evolution drives cancer progression and treatment resistance, fuelled not only by genetic and epigenetic mutation but also by selection from interactions between tumour cells, normal cells and physical micro-environment. Ecological habitats influence evolutionary dynamics, but the impact on tempo of evolution is less clear. METHODS We explored this complex dialogue with a combined clinical-theoretical approach by simulating a proliferative hierarchy under heterogeneous oxygen availability with an agent-based model. Predictions were compared against histology samples taken from glioblastoma patients, stained to elucidate areas of necrosis and TP53 expression heterogeneity. RESULTS Results indicate that cell division in hypoxic environments is effectively upregulated, with low-oxygen niches providing avenues for tumour cells to spread. Analysis of human data indicates that cell division is not decreased under hypoxia, consistent with our results. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that hypoxia could be a crucible that effectively warps evolutionary velocity, making key mutations more likely. Thus, key tumour ecological niches such as hypoxic regions may alter the evolutionary tempo, driving mutations fuelling tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Robert Grimes
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratory, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Marnix Jansen
- Departments of Endoscopy and Pathology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert J Macauley
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jacob G Scott
- Departments of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research and Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Basanta
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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P53 expression and micro-vessel density in relation with 5-year survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 57:311-314. [PMID: 32874562 PMCID: PMC7452034 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers are among the commonest causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adenomatous polyps which develop dysplastic changes are the main cause of invasive cancer. P53 inactivation is a key genetic step in the occurrence of cancer. The degree of the formation of the blood vessels inside the tumor (microvessel density) increases the ability of the tumor to have local infiltration, metastatic potential and may reflect the tumor metabolic activity. A total number of 104 patients who underwent surgeries for colorectal adenocarcinoma followed for 5 years. Patients were categorized into 4 categories based on tumor expression of P53 and micro-vessel density, 64.42% of patients were females, 58.7% died from colorectal cancer during the 5-year period, 37.5% had 5-years survival free from cancer, and 16.3% survived with recurrence, 28.8% had over expression of both P53 and MVD. A significant correlation was found between: P53 and MVD with the site of tumor occurrence being more significant with left-sided colonic tumors, the clinical stage being more significant with stage III disease, and with the survival rate being more significant in patients who died during this period, P values 0.025, 0.01, and 0.001 respectively. Overexpression of P53 and MVD are associated with higher mortality and more advanced disease. We advise a more aggressive form of therapy for colorectal adenocarcinomas expressing high level of both factors and tumors with high expression of both factors may need modification in the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy with closer follow up than tumors having lower expression.
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Reischmann N, Andrieux G, Griffin R, Reinheckel T, Boerries M, Brummer T. BRAF V600E drives dedifferentiation in small intestinal and colonic organoids and cooperates with mutant p53 and Apc loss in transformation. Oncogene 2020; 39:6053-6070. [PMID: 32792685 PMCID: PMC7498370 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BRAFV600E confers poor prognosis and is associated with a distinct subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC). Little is known, however, about the genetic events driving the initiation and progression of BRAFV600E mutant CRCs. Recent genetic analyses of CRCs indicate that BRAFV600E often coexists with alterations in the WNT- and p53 pathways, but their cooperation remains ill-defined. Therefore, we systematically compared small and large intestinal organoids from mice harboring conditional BraffloxV600E, Trp53LSL-R172H, and/or Apcflox/flox alleles. Using these isogenic models, we observe tissue-specific differences toward sudden BRAFV600E expression, which can be attributed to different ERK-pathway ground states in small and large intestinal crypts. BRAFV600E alone causes transient proliferation and suppresses epithelial organization, followed by organoid disintegration. Moreover, BRAFV600E induces a fetal-like dedifferentiation transcriptional program in colonic organoids, which resembles human BRAFV600E-driven CRC. Co-expression of p53R172H delays organoid disintegration, confers anchorage-independent growth, and induces invasive properties. Interestingly, p53R172H cooperates with BRAFV600E to modulate the abundance of transcripts linked to carcinogenesis, in particular within colonic organoids. Remarkably, WNT-pathway activation by Apc deletion fully protects organoids against BRAFV600E-induced disintegration and confers growth/niche factor independence. Still, Apc-deficient BRAFV600E-mutant organoids remain sensitive toward the MEK inhibitor trametinib, albeit p53R172H confers partial resistance against this clinically relevant compound. In summary, our systematic comparison of the response of small and large intestinal organoids to oncogenic alterations suggests colonic organoids to be better suited to model the human situation. In addition, our work on BRAF-, p53-, and WNT-pathway mutations provides new insights into their cooperation and for the design of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Reischmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Griffin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Denu RA, Burkard ME. Analysis of the "centrosome-ome" identifies MCPH1 deletion as a cause of centrosome amplification in human cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11921. [PMID: 32681070 PMCID: PMC7368085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is the microtubule organizing center of human cells and facilitates a myriad of cellular functions including organization of the mitotic spindle to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis, cell polarization and migration, and primary cilia formation. A numerical increase in centrosomes, or centrosome amplification (CA), is common in cancer and correlates with more aggressive clinical features and worse patient outcomes. However, the causes of CA in human cancer are unclear. Many previous studies have identified mechanisms of CA in cellulo, such as overexpression of PLK4, but it is unclear how often these are the primary mechanism in human disease. To identify a primary cause of CA, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) genomic and transcriptomic data for genes encoding the 367 proteins that localize to the centrosome (the "centrosome-ome"). We identified the following candidates for primary causes of CA: gain-of-function alterations of CEP19, CEP72, CTNNB1, PTK2, NDRG1, SPATC1, TBCCD1; and loss-of-function alterations of CEP76, MCPH1, NEURL4, and NPM1. In cellulo analysis of these candidates revealed that loss of MCPH1/microcephalin caused the most robust increase in centriole number. MCPH1 deep gene deletions are seen in 5-15% of human cancers, depending on the anatomic site of the tumor. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that loss of MCPH1 caused a CDK2-dependent increase in STIL levels at the centrosome to drive CA. We conclude that loss of MCPH1 is common in human cancer and is likely to be a cause of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Denu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6059 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark E Burkard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6059 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Chaudhry GES, Akim A, Zafar MN, Abdullah MA, Sung YY, Muhammad TST. Induction of apoptosis and role of paclitaxel-loaded hyaluronic acid-crosslinked nanoparticles in the regulation of AKT and RhoA. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2020; 11:101-106. [PMID: 33102192 PMCID: PMC7574732 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_26_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex multifactorial disease and leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the development of many anticancer drugs, there is a reduced survival rate due to severe side effects. The nontargeted approach of convention drugs is one of the leading players in context to toxicity. Hyaluronan is a versatile bio-polymer and ligand of the receptor (CD44) on cancer cells. The MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines treated with hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel (HA-PTX) showed the distinguishing morphological features of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis showed that HA-PTX induces apoptosis as a significant mode of cell death. The activation level of tumor suppressor protein (p53) increased after PTX treatment in MCF-7, but no changes observed in HT-29 might be due to hereditary mutations. The lack of suppression in AKT and Rho A protein suggest the use of possible inhibitors in future studies which might could play a role in increasing the sensitivity of drug towards mutated cells line and reducing the possibilities for cancer cell survival, migration, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abdah Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - M A Abdullah
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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Saito T, Chambers JK, Nakashima K, Nibe K, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H, Uchida K, Nakayama H. Immunohistochemical analysis of beta-catenin, E-cadherin and p53 in canine gastrointestinal epithelial tumors. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1277-1286. [PMID: 32655099 PMCID: PMC7538321 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, E-cadherin and p53 reportedly play important roles in the development and/or progression of human gastrointestinal cancer. The present study evaluated the roles of beta-catenin, E-cadherin and p53 in canine gastrointestinal tumors. Endoscopic biopsy or
surgically resected samples, a total of 131, including 38 gastric, 13 small intestinal and 80 large intestinal tumors, were obtained from 95 dogs. Those specimens were examined pathologically. Immunohistochemically, nuclear beta-catenin expression was found in 88% (42/48) of polypoid type
adenocarcinomas. Most cases of non-polypoid type adenocarcinomas lacked nuclear expression of beta-catenin with the exception of one case (6%, 1/17). Nuclear beta-catenin expression was not observed in signet ring cell carcinomas (0/15), mucinous adenocarcinomas (0/7) and undifferentiated
carcinomas (0/4). The findings indicate that nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is closely related to the development of polypoid type adenocarcinomas but not that of non-polypoid type malignant tumors. The immunoreactivity of E-cadherin for tumor cells tended to decline overall in most
of cases including benign tumors. Significant immunoreactivity for p53 was not found in 61% of tumors examined (80/131), including malignant tumors (63%, 57/91), while intense p53-immunoreactivity was rarely found in a few cases of malignant tumors (8%, 7/91). We could not conclude clearly
significant correlations between histopathological tumor types and immunohistochemical results of E-cadherin or p53. This paper indicates the importance of the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin for the tumorigenesis of canine intestinal polypoid type adenocarcinomas, especially in the
colorectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ko Nakashima
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center, 2-27-4 Nakatomi-minami, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0003, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nibe
- Japan Animal Referral Medical Center, 2-5-8 Kuji, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0032, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Hsu YC, Luo CW, Huang WL, Wu CC, Chou CL, Chen CI, Chang SJ, Chai CY, Wang HC, Chen TY, Li CF, Pan MR. BMI1-KLF4 axis deficiency improves responses to neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2020; 149:249-258. [PMID: 32592893 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a gold standard treatment for patients with stage II/III rectal cancer. B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (BMI1) is a member of the polycomb group of proteins that are involved in regulating gene expression. High levels of BMI1 have been demonstrated to contribute to the malignant phenotypes of several cancers; however, its relevance in rectal cancer treated with CCRT is largely unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS We used two patient cohorts to address the clinical relevance of BMI1 in human cancers. In addition, HT-29 and HCT-116 cells were chosen as our in vitro models to verify the role of BMI1 in cell response to ionizing radiation. Stemness-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting and cell survival was determined using clonogenic assays. RESULTS BMI1 overexpression was found to significantly correlate with advanced pre-treatment nodal status (N1-N2; p < 0.001), post-treatment tumor stage (T1-T2; p = 0.015), inferior tumor regression grade (p = 0.001), and also an independent prognosis factor in 172 rectal cancer patients receiving CCRT. Serial cell-based functional examination indicated that BMI1 deficiency sensitized cells to radiation treatment by modulating the gene expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and enhanced radiosensitivity in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancers. Overexpression of KLF4 partially overcame BMI1-deficiency-mediated γ-H2AX expression after ionizing radiation exposure. Consistent with in vitro data, an analysis of an additional 30 rectal cancer tissue specimens revealed a positive correlation between BMI1 and KLF4 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Higher levels of BMI1 are associated with poor therapeutic response and adverse outcomes in rectal cancer patients receiving CCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chou Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chou
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Chen
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Overexpression of TP53 protein is associated with the lack of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in patients with stage III colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:483-495. [PMID: 31471586 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations drive colorectal cancer development, with missense mutations frequently leading to accumulation of abnormal TP53 protein. TP53 alterations have been associated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance, but data remain controversial. Here, we examined the predictive utility of TP53 overexpression in the context of current adjuvant treatment practice for patients with stage III colorectal cancer. A prospective cohort of 264 stage III patients was tested for association of TP53 expression with 5-year disease-free survival, grouped by adjuvant treatment. Findings were validated in an independent retrospective cohort of 274 stage III patients. Overexpression of TP53 protein (TP53+) was found in 53% and 52% of cases from the prospective and retrospective cohorts, respectively. Among patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, TP53+ status was associated with shorter disease-free survival (p ≤ 0.026 for both cohorts), while no difference in outcomes between TP53+ and TP53- cases was observed for patients treated with surgery alone. Considering patients with TP53- tumors, those receiving adjuvant treatment had better outcomes compared with those treated with surgery alone (p ≤ 0.018 for both cohorts), while no treatment benefit was apparent for patients with TP53+ tumors. Combined cohort-stratified analysis adjusted for clinicopathological variables and DNA mismatch repair status confirmed a significant interaction between TP53 expression and adjuvant treatment for disease-free survival (pinteraction = 0.030). For the combined cohort, the multivariate hazard ratio for TP53 overexpression among patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was 2.03 (95% confidence interval 1.41-2.95, p < 0.001), while the hazard ratio for adjuvant treatment among patients with TP53- tumors was 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.24-0.71, p = 0.001). Findings were maintained irrespective of tumor location or when restricted to mismatch repair-proficient tumors. Our data suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in stage III colorectal cancer is restricted to cases with low-level TP53 protein expression. Identifying TP53+ tumors could highlight patients that may benefit from more aggressive treatment or follow-up.
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Ray D, Ray P, Ferrer-Torres D, Wang Z, Nancarrow D, Yoon HW, Martinho MS, Hinton T, Owens S, Thomas D, Jiang H, Lawrence TS, Lin J, Lagisetty K, Chang AC, Beer DG. Isoforms of RNF128 Regulate the Stability of Mutant P53 in Barrett's Esophageal Cells. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:583-597.e1. [PMID: 31715145 PMCID: PMC7429981 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Barrett's esophagus (BE) can progress to dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), accompanied by mutations in TP53 that increase the stability of its product, p53. We analyzed BE tissues for messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that associate with BE progression and identified one that affects the stabilization of p53. METHODS We obtained 54 BE samples collected from patients with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), from 1992 through 2015, and performed RNA sequence analyses, including isoform-specific analyses. We performed reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of 166 samples and immunohistochemical analyses of tissue microarrays that contained BE tissues from 100 patients with HGD or EAC and normal esophageal squamous mucosa (controls). Proteins were expressed from transfected plasmids or knocked down with small interfering RNAs in BE cells and analyzed by immunoblots and in immunoprecipitation and ubiquitin ligase assays. Athymic nude mice bearing EAC xenograft tumors (grown from OE-33 cells) were given intraperitoneal injections of simvastatin; tumor growth was monitored and tumors were collected and analyzed by immunoblotting for levels of RNF128, p53, and acetylated p53. RESULTS Progression of BE to HGD or EAC associated with changes in expression of mRNAs that encoded mucins and promoted inflammation and activation of ATM and the DNA damage response. As tissues progressed from BE to HGD to EAC, they increased expression of mRNAs encoding isoform 1 of RNF128 (Iso1) and decreased expression of Iso2 of RNF128. RNF128 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for degradation. Incubation of BE cells with interferon gamma caused them to increase expression of Iso1 and reduce expression of Iso2. Iso1 was heavily glycosylated with limited ubiquitin ligase activity for p53, resulting in p53 stabilization. Knockdown of Iso1 in BE and EAC cells led to degradation of the mutant form of p53 and reduced clonogenic survival. In contrast, Iso2 was a potent ligase that reduced levels of the mutant form of p53 in BE cells. In BE cells, Iso2 was hypoglycosylated and degraded, via ATM and GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the beta-TrCP1-containing SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Simvastatin, which degrades the mutant form of p53, also degraded RNF128 Iso1 protein in BE cells and slowed growth of EAC xenograft tumors in mice. CONCLUSIONS We found that isoform 2 of RNF128 is decreased in BE cells, resulting in increased levels of mutant p53, whereas isoform 1 of RNF128 is increased in BE cells, further promoting the stabilization of mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Paramita Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daysha Ferrer-Torres
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhuwen Wang
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Derek Nancarrow
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hee-won Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - May San Martinho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tonaye Hinton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Scott Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jules Lin
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kiran Lagisetty
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew C. Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David G. Beer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Miller JJ, Blanchet A, Orvain C, Nouchikian L, Reviriot Y, Clarke RM, Martelino D, Wilson D, Gaiddon C, Storr T. Bifunctional ligand design for modulating mutant p53 aggregation in cancer. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10802-10814. [PMID: 32055386 PMCID: PMC7006507 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation contributes to the development of a wide range of diseases. In cancer, over 50% of diagnoses are attributed to p53 malfunction due to missense mutations, many of which result in protein misfolding and accelerated aggregation. p53 mutations also frequently result in alteration or loss of zinc at the DNA-binding site, which increases aggregation via nucleation with zinc-bound p53. Herein, we designed two novel bifunctional ligands, LI and LH , to modulate mutant p53 aggregation and restore zinc binding using a metallochaperone approach. Interestingly, only the incorporation of iodine function in LI resulted in modulation of mutant p53 aggregation, both in recombinant and cellular environments. Native mass spectrometry shows a protein-ligand interaction for LI , as opposed to LH , which is hypothesized to lead to the distinct difference in the p53 aggregation profile for the two ligands. Incorporation of a di-2-picolylamine binding unit into the ligand design provided efficient intracellular zinc uptake, resulting in metallochaperone capability for both LI and LH . The ability of LI to reduce mutant p53 aggregation results in increased restoration of p53 transcriptional function and mediates both caspase-dependent and -independent cell death pathways. We further demonstrate that LI exhibits minimal toxicity in non-cancerous organoids, and that it is well tolerated in mice. These results demonstrate that iodination of our ligand framework restores p53 function by interacting with and inhibiting mutant p53 aggregation and highlights LI as a suitable candidate for comprehensive in vivo anticancer preclinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Miller
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada .
| | - Anaïs Blanchet
- Inserm UMR_S 1113 , Université de Strasbourg , Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies , Strasbourg , France .
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Inserm UMR_S 1113 , Université de Strasbourg , Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies , Strasbourg , France .
| | - Lucienne Nouchikian
- Chemistry Department , York University , 6 Thompson Road , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1L3 , Canada
| | - Yasmin Reviriot
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada .
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada .
| | - Diego Martelino
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada .
| | - Derek Wilson
- Chemistry Department , York University , 6 Thompson Road , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1L3 , Canada
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Inserm UMR_S 1113 , Université de Strasbourg , Molecular Mechanisms of Stress Response and Pathologies , Strasbourg , France .
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada .
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Sumsuzzman DM, Jin Y, Choi J, Yu JH, Lee TH, Hong Y. Pathophysiological role of endogenous irisin against tumorigenesis and metastasis: Is it a potential biomarker and therapeutic? Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319892790. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428319892790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been notable progress in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of the complex process involved in cancer. In this context, tumor-promoting inflammation, dysregulation of apoptotic signaling, tissue invasion and metastasis, and cancer microenvironment have recently attracted interest from researchers. Irisin is a hormone released by muscles during exercise and it directly acts on key functional cells involving energy metabolism and homeostasis. Recently, many studies have reported the anticancer effect of irisin against different types of cancer. Translation of these findings to clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of several types of cancer is urgently required. In this review, we summarized preclinical and clinical studies on the anticancer effects of irisin in various types of cancer, and also discussed the mechanisms activated by irisin to suppress cancer pathogenesis. We further discussed the serum level of irisin related to different types of cancer to understand more clearly the association between irisin concentration and tumor burden. This review may serve as a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to support basic and clinical studies on irisin as a promising strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of a various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Yunho Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Huang Y, Liu N, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang C, Long S, Luo G, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Mutant p53 drives cancer chemotherapy resistance due to loss of function on activating transcription of PUMA. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3442-3455. [PMID: 31726940 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1688951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 is a critical tumor suppressor gene, activating p53 and its downstream targets to induce apoptosis is a promising way for cancer therapy. However, more than 50% of cancer patients have p53 mutations, which may cause cancer therapy resistance, and the underline mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we found that cell viability decrease and apoptosis induced by p53-dependent traditional drugs in colon cancer cells were eliminated in p53 mutant cells. Mutant p53 did not up-regulate the expression of its direct downstream targets PUMA and p21, due to the inhibition of PUMA transcription. Furthermore, mutant p53 could not bind to the promoter of PUMA to activate its transcription like WT p53 did, while overexpressed WT p53 rescued PUMA-induced subsequent apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate mutant p53 may cause chemo-resistance of tumor because of inactivating PUMA transcription, which prompts some new insights for clinical therapy of cancer patients with mutant p53.Abbreviations: CRC: Colorectal cancer; CDKs: Cyclin-dependent kinases; PUMA: p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis; PDGF: the platelet-derived growth factor; WT p53: wild-type p53 protein; mutp53: mutant p53 proteins; BAX: Bcl-2-associated X protein; NOXA: Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yeying Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaiyu Long
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Luo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Human Colorectal Cancer from the Perspective of Mouse Models. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100788. [PMID: 31614493 PMCID: PMC6826908 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that includes both hereditary and sporadic types of tumors. Tumor initiation and growth is driven by mutational or epigenetic changes that alter the function or expression of multiple genes. The genes predominantly encode components of various intracellular signaling cascades. In this review, we present mouse intestinal cancer models that include alterations in the Wnt, Hippo, p53, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways; models of impaired DNA mismatch repair and chemically induced tumorigenesis are included. Based on their molecular biology characteristics and mutational and epigenetic status, human colorectal carcinomas were divided into four so-called consensus molecular subtype (CMS) groups. It was shown subsequently that the CMS classification system could be applied to various cell lines derived from intestinal tumors and tumor-derived organoids. Although the CMS system facilitates characterization of human CRC, individual mouse models were not assigned to some of the CMS groups. Thus, we also indicate the possible assignment of described animal models to the CMS group. This might be helpful for selection of a suitable mouse strain to study a particular type of CRC.
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42
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Kumar K, Kumar Dhara A, Kumar Chaudhary V, Sandip N, Roy P, Verma P, Ghosh K. The influence of the tertiary butyl group in the ligand frame on the catalytic activities, DNA cleavage ability and cytotoxicity of dinuclear nickel(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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Xue Y, San Luis B, Lane DP. Intratumour heterogeneity of p53 expression; causes and consequences. J Pathol 2019; 249:274-285. [PMID: 31322742 DOI: 10.1002/path.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genomic alterations in different types of cancer have been identified by comprehensive sequencing methodologies, revealing TP53 as the most frequently mutated gene across the majority of human cancer types. Cytotoxic treatments are still major cancer therapy strategies but cancer recurrence due to therapy resistance is a major challenge. Resistant cell populations may be associated with TP53 mutant clones exhibiting abnormal p53 expression patterns in tumours. Given data that levels of mutant p53 influence cancer cell growth and survival, understanding the mechanisms underlying intratumour heterogeneity of p53 can be exploited to design strategies that improve patient survival. The patterns of p53 protein examined by immunohistochemistry of both premalignant and malignant tissues are complex, ranging from intense staining of all tumour cell nuclei to complete absence of staining and with many intermediate phenotypes. Animal models that express only mutant proteins and adoption of international standards for terminology have brought greater clarity to understanding the causes of variation and are at the same time demonstrating the utility of p53 in oncology. In addition to p53 mutation, MDM2 and chaperone activities, gene copy number and TP53 mRNA levels linked to proliferative activity and differentiation are all now established as causes of variation in p53 staining, with clinical implications. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen Xue
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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44
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Lipoic Acid Synergizes with Antineoplastic Drugs in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting p53 for Proteasomal Degradation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080794. [PMID: 31366086 PMCID: PMC6721634 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) is a redox-active disulphide compound, which functions as a pivotal co-factor for mitochondrial oxidative decarboxylation. LA and chemical derivatives were shown to target mitochondria in cancer cells with altered energy metabolism, thereby inducing cell death. In this study, the impact of LA on the tumor suppressor protein p53 was analyzed in various colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, with a focus on the mechanisms driving p53 degradation. First, LA was demonstrated to trigger the depletion of both wildtype and mutant p53 protein in all CRC cells tested without influencing its gene expression and preceded LA-triggered cytotoxicity. Depletion of p53 coincided with a moderate, LA-dependent ROS production, but was not rescued by antioxidant treatment. LA induced the autophagy receptor p62 and differentially modulated autophagosome formation in CRC cells. However, p53 degradation was not mediated via autophagy as shown by chemical inhibition and genetic abrogation of autophagy. LA treatment also stabilized and activated the transcription factor Nrf2 in CRC cells, which was however dispensable for p53 degradation. Mechanistically, p53 was found to be readily ubiquitinylated and degraded by the proteasomal machinery following LA treatment, which did not involve the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Intriguingly, the combination of LA and anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil) attenuated p53-mediated stabilization of p21 and resulted in synergistic killing in CRC cells in a p53-dependant manner.
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Chung SS, Dutta P, Chard N, Wu Y, Chen QH, Chen G, Vadgama J. A novel curcumin analog inhibits canonical and non-canonical functions of telomerase through STAT3 and NF-κB inactivation in colorectal cancer cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4516-4531. [PMID: 31360301 PMCID: PMC6642039 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a biologically active polyphenol that exists in Indian spice turmeric. It has been reported that curcumin exerted anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. However, it is not well-understood the molecular mechanism of curcumin for the cancer stem cells and telomerase in colorectal cancer. In this study, compound 19, a nitrogen-containing curcumin analog, was used to treat human colorectal cancer cells. Compound 19 showed a greater anti-proliferative activity than curcumin while displayed no significant toxicity toward normal human colon epithelial cells. Compound 19 exerted anti-inflammatory activities by deactivating STAT3 and NF-κB. In cancer stem cell populations, CD44, Oct-4 and ALDHA1 expressions were abolished upon treating with compound 19. Cancer stem cell biomarkers CD51 and CD133 positive populations were reduced and telomerase activities were decreased with the reduced STAT3 binding to hTERT promoters. This means compound 19 dually inhibits canonical and non-canonical functions of telomerase. Furthermore, compound 19 treatments induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis. Human apoptosis-related array screening revealed that activated caspase 3, catalase, clusterin and cytochrome C led to apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that compound 19 can be a novel therapeutic agent for metastatic colorectal cancer by concurrently targeting STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyung S Chung
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Pranabananda Dutta
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
| | - Nathaniel Chard
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Qiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University at Fresno, Fresno, California 93740, USA
| | - Guanglin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, California State University at Fresno, Fresno, California 93740, USA
| | - Jaydutt Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California 90059, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Nam TW, Park SY, Lee JH, Roh JI, Lee HW. Effect of EI24 expression on the tumorigenesis of Apc Min/+ colorectal cancer mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1087-1092. [PMID: 31097220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide-induced 2.4 kb transcript (EI24, also known as PIG8) is a p53 target gene involved in cell growth suppression and apoptosis and known to be frequently altered in human cancers. Although EI24 expression is decreased in various cancers and is associated with colorectal cancer progression and metastasis, the physiological function of EI24 in colorectal cancer is yet unclear. We generated an Ei24 conditional transgenic (Tg) mouse to study the therapeutic effects of Ei24 in vivo and evaluated whether Ei24 plays a role of a tumor suppressor using Ei24 Tg mouse crossed with ApcMin/+ mouse, which develops multiple intestinal adenomas. The overexpression of Ei24 failed to cause any notable difference in the number of polyps, lengths of the intestine and spleen, and survival rate between ApcMin/+ and ApcMin/+Ei24 Tg mice. Ei24 plays no significant role in colon cancer caused by the substitutional mutation of Apc in mice. Therefore, our result dismisses the hypothesized direct link between ApcMin/+ mutation and Ei24 expression in colorectal cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wook Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Chromogranin-A Expression as a Novel Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Colon Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122919. [PMID: 31207989 PMCID: PMC6628020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death worldwide. The five-year survival rate for the early-stage patients is more than 90%, and only around 10% for the later stages. Moreover, half of the colon cancer patients have been clinically diagnosed at the later stages. It is; therefore, of importance to enhance the ability for the early diagnosis of colon cancer. Taking advantages from our previous studies, there are several potential biomarkers which have been associated with the early diagnosis of the colon cancer. In order to investigate these early diagnostic biomarkers for colon cancer, human chromogranin-A (CHGA) was further analyzed among the most powerful diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, we used a logistic regression-based meta-analysis to clarify associations of CHGA expression with colon cancer diagnosis. Both healthy populations and the normal mucosa from the colon cancer patients were selected as the double normal controls. The results showed decreased expression of CHGA in the early stages of colon cancer as compared to the normal controls. The decline of CHGA expression in the early stages of colon cancer is probably a new diagnostic biomarker for colon cancer diagnosis with high predicting possibility and verification performance. We have also compared the diagnostic powers of CHGA expression with the typical oncogene KRAS, classic tumor suppressor TP53, and well-known cellular proliferation index MKI67, and the CHGA showed stronger ability to predict early diagnosis for colon cancer than these other cancer biomarkers. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, CHGA was revealed to share some common pathways with KRAS and TP53. CHGA might be considered as a novel, promising, and powerful biomarker for early diagnosis of colon cancer.
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48
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Milczarek M, Rossowska J, Klopotowska D, Stachowicz M, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Tacalcitol increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by downregulating the thymidylate synthase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:139-151. [PMID: 30923017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug that is most frequently used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but unfortunately it shows limited efficacy. We recently demonstrated that vitamin D analogs (VDAs), particularly tacalcitol (coded as PRI-2191), potentiate its anticancer activity in an in vivo mouse and human CRC model. The purpose of this study was to explain the mechanism underlying the enhancement of 5-FU efficacy by PRI-2191 towards human HT-29 CRC cells. We showed that PRI-2191 induces the CDKN1A (gene encoding p21Waf1/Cip1) expression directly through vitamin D receptor (VDR) in a p53-independent manner and thus decreases the thymidylate synthase expression both at the mRNA and protein level. It is the main mechanism by which PRI-2191 improves the anticancer efficacy of 5-FU towards HT-29 cells. Additionally, we indicated that the VDR also participates in 5-FU mechanism of action. 5-FU significantly increased TYMS (gene encoding thymidylate synthase (TS)) and BIRC5 (gene encoding survivin) level in HT-29 cells with silenced VDR. Furthermore, PRI-2191 induced E-cadherin and ZO-1 expression and thus reduced the level of BIRC5 in HT-29 cells. The induction of E-cadherin expression may also contribute to the reduction of c-Myc level and consequently the downregulation of TS. Our results also indicate that calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a role in the activity of PRI-2191 but has no influence on the 5-FU mechanism of action. In conclusion, we suggest that both VDR and CaSR might be useful as molecular markers for predicting treatment outcomes and identifying the CRC patient subgroups who might benefit from 5-FU-based chemotherapy combined with vitamin D analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Milczarek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Klopotowska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Stachowicz
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kutner
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
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Tetrandrine inhibits colon carcinoma HT-29 cells growth via the Bcl-2/Caspase 3/PARP pathway and G1/S phase. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182109. [PMID: 31040202 PMCID: PMC6522708 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (Tet) bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Stephania tetrandra and other related species of Menispermaceae. It has been demonstrated to have positive therapeutic effects on cardiovascular disease, hypertension, silicosis, autoimmune diseases. In recent years, some reports have shown that Tet has anticancer activity in human cancers. To explore the pharmacological activity and mechanism of Tet on colon cancer and its unique advantages as a natural product. In the present study, analyses of the cell cycle, apoptosis, targets prediction, molecular docking, and alterations in protein levels were performed to elucidate how Tet functions in colon cancer. We found that Tet robustly induced arrest at the G1 phase in colon cancer cell line HT-29. It induced HT-29 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, analysis of protein expression levels in HT-29 cells showed down-regulation of Bcl-2, pro-caspase 3, pro-caspase 8, PARP, cyclin D1 (CCND1), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK 4), and up-regulation of Bax, active caspase 3, and active caspase 8. These results indicate that Tet induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway and caspase family pathway. Molecular docking showed interaction effects and binding energy. Comparing with the CDK4 inhibitors ribociclib and palbociclib, the docking energy is similar to the docked amino acid residues. Therefore, we conclude that Tet and the CCND1/CDK4 compound could form hydrogen bonds and a stable compound structure, which can inhibit colon cancer cells proliferation by regulating CCND1/CDK4 compound and its downstream proteins phosphorylated Rb (p-Rb). In summary, Tet may be a potential drug for colon cancer therapy.
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50
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NFE2L3 Inhibition Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G0/G1 Phase in Colorectal Cancer Cells through Downregulating CCND1 and pRb1-ser807/811. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2829798. [PMID: 31191746 PMCID: PMC6525936 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2829798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism for colorectal cancer to develop remains unelucidated. To find biomarkers related to colorectal cancer development, we analyzed the gene expression profile of 380 colorectal cancer patients and 51 healthy controls by R software. Finally, 1579 upregulated differential expression genes (DEGs) and 3218 downregulated DEGs were identified. Then, the top 20 upregulated DEGs were compared with 181 upregulated DEGs that we reported previously, and 11 overlapped DEGs were found. NFE2L3 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 3) was among those overlapped DEGs and was rarely reported in colorectal cancer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that higher NFE2L3 expression levels were identified in paired tumor samples than in paratumor samples (48 paired samples). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase after inhibition of NFE2L3 in both HCT116 and SW480 cell lines. Western blot detection showed that CCND1 and phosphorylated Rb transcriptional corepressor 1 at ser-807/811 (pRb1-ser807/811) expression levels were downregulated when NFE2L3 was inhibited in those two cell lines. A significant positive correlation was observed between NFE2L3 and CCND1 expression levels in colorectal tissue samples. These evidences indicate that downregulation of NFE2L3 induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase through downregulation of CCND1 and pRb1-ser807/811.
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