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Alves-Ferreira G, Fortunato DS, Katzenberger M, Fava FG, Solé M. Effects of temperature on growth, development, and survival of amphibian larvae: macroecological and evolutionary patterns. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230671. [PMID: 38747789 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature affects the rate of biochemical and physiological processes in amphibians, influencing metamorphic traits. Temperature patterns, as those observed in latitudinal and altitudinal clines, may impose different challenges on amphibians depending on how species are geographically distributed. Moreover, species' response to environmental temperatures may also be phylogenetically constrained. Here, we explore the effects of acclimation to higher temperatures on tadpole survival, development, and growth, using a meta-analytical approach. We also evaluate whether the latitude and climatic variables at each collection site can explain differences in species' response to increasing temperature and whether these responses are phylogenetically conserved. Our results show that species that develop at relatively higher temperatures reach metamorphosis faster. Furthermore, absolute latitude at each collection site may partially explain heterogeneity in larval growth rate. Phylogenetic signal of traits in response to temperature indicates a non-random process in which related species resemble each other less than expected under Brownian motion evolution (BM) in all traits, except survival. The integration of studies in a meta-analytic framework allowed us to explore macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns and provided a better understanding of the effects of climate change on amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alves-Ferreira
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Tropical Herpetology Lab, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Fortunato
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, DTI Program, Instituto Nacional de Ciência Tecnologia (EECBio), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus II (Samambaia), 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marco Katzenberger
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Genética, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Fava
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Tropical Herpetology Lab, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Mirco Solé
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Tropical Herpetology Lab, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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2
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Tran LL, Johansen JL. Seasonal variability in resilience of a coral reef fish to marine heatwaves and hypoxia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2522-2535. [PMID: 36843188 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Climate change projections indicate more frequent and severe tropical marine heatwaves (MHWs) and accompanying hypoxia year-round. However, most studies have focused on peak summer conditions under the assumption that annual maximum temperatures will induce the greatest physiological consequences. This study challenges this idea by characterizing seasonal MHWs (i.e., mean, maximum, and cumulative intensities, durations, heating rates, and mean annual occurrence) and comparing metabolic traits (i.e., standard metabolic rate (SMR), Q10 of SMR, maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope, and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit )) of winter- and summer-acclimatized convict tang (Acanthurus triostegus) to the combined effects of MHWs and hypoxia. Fish were exposed to one of six MHW treatments with seasonally varying maximum intensities (winter: 24.5, 26.5, 28.5°C; summer: 28.5, 30.5, 32.5°C), representing past and future MHWs under IPCC projections (i.e., +0, +2, +4°C). Surprisingly, MHW characteristics did not significantly differ between seasons, yet SMR was more sensitive to winter MHWs (mean Q10 = 2.92) than summer MHWs (mean Q10 = 1.81), despite higher absolute summer temperatures. Concurrently, MMR increased similarly among winter +2 and +4°C treatments (i.e., 26.5, 28.5°C) and all summer MHW treatments, suggesting a ceiling for maximal MMR increase. Aerobic scope did not significantly differ between seasons nor among MHW treatments. While mean Pcrit did not significantly vary between seasons, warming of +4°C during winter (i.e., 28.5°C) significantly increased Pcrit relative to the winter control group. Contrary to the idea of increased sensitivity to MHWs during the warmest time of year, our results reveal heightened sensitivity to the deleterious effects of winter MHWs, and that seasonal acclimatization to warmer summer conditions may bolster metabolic resilience to warming and hypoxia. Consequently, physiological sensitivity to MHWs and hypoxia may extend across larger parts of the year than previously expected, emphasizing the importance of evaluating climate change impacts during cooler seasons when essential fitness-related traits such as reproduction occur in many species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon L Tran
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, Hawaii, USA
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3
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Makri V, Feidantsis K, Porlou D, Ntokou A, Georgoulis I, Giantsis IA, Anestis A, Michaelidis B. Red porgy's (Pagrus pagrus) cellular physiology and antioxidant defense in response to seasonality. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103527. [PMID: 37055131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Physiological stress patterns of marine organisms in their natural habitats are considerably complex in space and time. These patterns can eventually contribute in the shaping of fish' thermal limits under natural conditions. In the view of the knowledge gap regarding red porgy's thermal physiology, in combination with the characterization of the Mediterranean Sea as a climate change ''hotspot'', the aim of the present study was to investigate this species biochemical responses to constantly changing field conditions. To achieve this goal, Heat Shock Response (HSR), MAPKs pathway, autophagy, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense were estimated and exhibited a seasonal pattern. In general, all the examined biochemical indicators expressed high levels parallel to the increasing seawater temperature in spring, although several bio-indicators have shown increased levels when fish were cold-acclimatized. Similar to other sparids, the observed patterns of physiological responses in red porgy may support the concept of eurythermy.
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4
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Manzon LA, Zak MA, Agee M, Boreham DR, Wilson JY, Somers CM, Manzon RG. Thermal acclimation alters both basal heat shock protein gene expression and the heat shock response in juvenile lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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5
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Sentis A, Veselý L, Let M, Musil M, Malinovska V, Kouba A. Short-term thermal acclimation modulates predator functional response. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8631. [PMID: 35222981 PMCID: PMC8855023 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plastic responses to temperature can modulate the kinetic effects of temperature on biological rates and traits and thus play an important role for species adaptation to climate change. However, there is little information on how these plastic responses to temperature can influence trophic interactions. Here, we conducted an experiment using marbled crayfish and their water louse prey to investigate how short-term thermal acclimation at two temperatures (16 and 24°C) modulates the predator functional response. We found that both functional response parameters (search rate and handling time) differed between the two experimental temperatures. However, the sign and magnitudes of these differences strongly depended on acclimation time. Acclimation to 16°C increased handling time and search rate whereas acclimation to 24°C leads to the opposite effects with shorter handling time and lower search rate for acclimated predators. Moreover, the strength of these effects increased with acclimation time so that the differences in search rate and handing time between the two temperatures were reversed between the treatment without acclimation and after 24 h of acclimation. Overall, we found that the magnitude of the acclimation effects can be as strong as the direct kinetic effects of temperature. Our study highlights the importance of taking into account short-term thermal plasticity to improve our understanding of the potential consequences of global warming on species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Sentis
- INRAEAix Marseille UniversityUMR RECOVERAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Lukas Veselý
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersSouth Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in České BudějoviceVodňanyCzech Republic
| | - Marek Let
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersSouth Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in České BudějoviceVodňanyCzech Republic
| | - Martin Musil
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersSouth Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in České BudějoviceVodňanyCzech Republic
| | - Viktoriia Malinovska
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersSouth Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in České BudějoviceVodňanyCzech Republic
| | - Antonín Kouba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of WatersSouth Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in České BudějoviceVodňanyCzech Republic
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6
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Somero GN. The Goldilocks Principle: A Unifying Perspective on Biochemical Adaptation to Abiotic Stressors in the Sea. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2022; 14:1-23. [PMID: 34102065 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-022521-102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability of marine organisms to thrive over wide ranges of environmental stressors that perturb structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids illustrates the effectiveness of adaptation at the biochemical level. A critical role of these adaptations is to achieve a proper balance between structural rigidity, which is necessary for maintaining three-dimensional conformation, and flexibility, which is required to allow changes in conformation during function. The Goldilocks principle refers to this balancing act, wherein structural stability and functional properties are poised at values that are just right for the environment the organism faces. Achieving this balance involves changes in macromolecular sequence and adaptive change in the composition of the aqueous or lipid milieu in which macromolecules function. This article traces the development of the field of biochemical adaptation throughout my career and shows how comparative studies of marine animals from diverse habitats have shed light on fundamental properties of life common to all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Somero
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California 93950, USA;
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7
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Kaloyianni M, Bobori DC, Xanthopoulou D, Malioufa G, Sampsonidis I, Kalogiannis S, Feidantsis K, Kastrinaki G, Dimitriadi A, Koumoundouros G, Lambropoulou DA, Kyzas GZ, Bikiaris DN. Toxicity and Functional Tissue Responses of Two Freshwater Fish after Exposure to Polystyrene Microplastics. TOXICS 2021; 9:289. [PMID: 34822680 PMCID: PMC8625933 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs)' ingestion has been demonstrated in several aquatic organisms. This process may facilitate the hydrophobic waterborne pollutants or chemical additives transfer to biota. In the present study the suitability of a battery of biomarkers on oxidative stress, physiology, tissue function and metabolic profile was investigated for the early detection of adverse effects of 21-day exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs, sized 5-12 μm) in the liver and gills of zebrafish Danio rerio and perch, Perca fluviatilis, both of which are freshwater fish species. An optical volume map representation of the zebrafish gill by Raman spectroscopy depicted 5 μm diameter PS-MP dispersed in the gill tissue. Concentrations of PS-MPs close to the EC50 of each fish affected fish physiology in all tissues studied. Increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative damage in exposed fish in relation to controls were observed, as well as activation of apoptosis and autophagy processes. Malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls and DNA damage responses differed with regard to the sensitivity of each tissue of each fish. In the toxicity cascade gills seemed to be more liable to respond to PS-MPs than liver for the majority of the parameters measured. DNA damage was the most susceptible biomarker exhibiting greater response in the liver of both species. The interaction between MPs and cellular components provoked metabolic alterations in the tissues studied, affecting mainly amino acids, nitrogen and energy metabolism. Toxicity was species and tissue specific, with specific biomarkers responding differently in gills and in liver. The fish species that seemed to be more susceptible to MPs at the conditions studied, was P. fluviatilis compared to D. rerio. The current findings add to a holistic approach for the identification of small sized PS-MPs' biological effects in fish, thus aiming to provide evidence regarding PS-MPs' environmental impact on wild fish populations and food safety and adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Kaloyianni
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.K.); (D.X.); (G.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Dimitra C. Bobori
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.K.); (D.X.); (G.M.); (K.F.)
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Glykeria Malioufa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.K.); (D.X.); (G.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Ioannis Sampsonidis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Stavros Kalogiannis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.K.); (D.X.); (G.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Georgia Kastrinaki
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, CERTH/CPERI, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Dimitriadi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Greece; (A.D.); (G.K.)
| | - George Koumoundouros
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Greece; (A.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Winnikoff JR, Haddock SHD, Budin I. Depth- and temperature-specific fatty acid adaptations in ctenophores from extreme habitats. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb242800. [PMID: 34676421 PMCID: PMC8627573 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals are known to regulate the composition of their cell membranes to maintain key biophysical properties in response to changes in temperature. For deep-sea marine organisms, high hydrostatic pressure represents an additional, yet much more poorly understood, perturbant of cell membrane structure. Previous studies in fish and marine microbes have reported correlations with temperature and depth of membrane-fluidizing lipid components, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Because little has been done to isolate the separate effects of temperature and pressure on the lipid pool, it is still not understood whether these two environmental factors elicit independent or overlapping biochemical adaptive responses. Here, we use the taxonomic and habitat diversity of the phylum Ctenophora to test whether distinct low-temperature and high-pressure signatures can be detected in fatty acid profiles. We measured the fatty acid composition of 105 individual ctenophores, representing 21 species, from deep and shallow Arctic, temperate, and tropical sampling locales (sea surface temperature, -2° to 28°C). In tropical and temperate regions, remotely operated submersibles (ROVs) enabled sampling down to 4000 m. We found that among specimens with body temperatures 7.5°C or colder, depth predicted fatty acid unsaturation levels. In contrast, in the upper 200 m of the water column, temperature predicted fatty acid chain lengths. Taken together, our findings suggest that lipid metabolism may be specialized with respect to multiple physical variables in diverse marine environments. Largely distinct modes of adaptation to depth and cold imply that polar marine invertebrates may not find a ready refugium from climate change in the deep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Winnikoff
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd., Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Steven H. D. Haddock
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd., Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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9
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Zhang W, Dong Y. Membrane lipid metabolism, heat shock response and energy costs mediate the interaction between acclimatization and heat-hardening response in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272389. [PMID: 34499178 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermal plasticity on different time scales, including acclimation/acclimatization and heat-hardening response - a rapid adjustment for thermal tolerance after non-lethal thermal stress, can interact to improve the resilience of organisms to thermal stress. However, little is known about physiological mechanisms mediating this interaction. To investigate the underpinnings of heat-hardening responses after acclimatization in warm seasons, we measured thermal tolerance plasticity, and compared transcriptomic and metabolomic changes after heat hardening at 33 or 37°C followed by recovery of 3 or 24 h in an intertidal bivalve Sinonovacula constricta. Clams showed explicit heat-hardening responses after acclimatization in a warm season. The higher inducing temperature (37°C) caused less effective heat-hardening effects than the inducing temperature that was closer to the seasonal maximum temperature (33°C). Metabolomic analysis highlighted the elevated content of glycerophospholipids in all heat-hardened clams, which may help to maintain the structure and function of the membrane. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) tended to be upregulated after heat hardening at 37°C but not at 33°C, indicating that there was no complete dependency of heat-hardening effects on upregulated HSPs. Enhanced energy metabolism and decreased energy reserves were observed after heat hardening at 37°C, suggesting more energy costs during exposure to a higher inducing temperature, which may restrict heat-hardening effects. These results highlight the mediating role of membrane lipid metabolism, heat shock responses and energy costs in the interaction between heat-hardening response and seasonal acclimatization, and contribute to the mechanistic understanding of evolutionary change and thermal plasticity during global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,Institute of Animal Genetic Resource, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yunwei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
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10
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Sessions KJ, Whitehouse LM, Manzon LA, Boreham DR, Somers CM, Wilson JY, Manzon RG. The heat shock response shows plasticity in embryonic lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) exposed to repeated thermal stress. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103036. [PMID: 34503783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the impact of repeated thermal stress on the heat shock response (HSR) of thermally sensitive lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos. Our treatments were designed to mimic temperature fluctuations in the vicinity of industrial thermal effluents. Embryos were either maintained at control temperatures (3 oC) or exposed to a repeated thermal stress (TS) of 3 or 6 oC above control temperature every 3 or 6 days throughout embryonic development. At 82 days post-fertilisation, repeated TS treatments were stopped and embryos received either a high level TS of 12, 15, or 18 oC above ambient temperature for 1 or 4 h, or no additional TS. These treatments were carried out after a 6 h recovery from the last repeated TS. Embryos in the no repeated TS group responded, as expected, with increases in hsp70 mRNA in response to 12, 15 and 18 oC high-level TS. However, exposure to repeated TS of 3 or 6 ⁰C every 6 days also resulted in a significant upregulation of hsp70 mRNA relative to the controls. Importantly, these repeated TS events and the associated elevations in hsp70 attenuated the upregulation of hsp70 in response to a 1 h, high-level TS of 12 oC above ambient, but not to either longer (4 h) or higher (15 or 18 oC) TS events. Conversely, hsp90α mRNA levels were not consistently elevated in the no repeated TS groups exposed to high-level TS. In some instances, hsp90α levels appeared to decrease in embryos exposed to repeated TS followed by a high-level TS. The observed attenuation of the HSR in lake whitefish embryos demonstrates that embryos of this species have plasticity in their HSR and repeated TS may protect against high-level TS, but the response differs based on repeated TS treatment, high-level TS temperature and duration, and the gene of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Sessions
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Lindy M Whitehouse
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Lori A Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Christopher M Somers
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Joanna Y Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Richard G Manzon
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
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11
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Davis JE, Kolozsvary MB, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM, Zhang B. Toward a Universal Theoretical Framework to Understand Robustness and Resilience: From Cells to Systems. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.579098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research across a range of biological subdisciplines and scales, ranging from molecular to ecosystemic, provides ample evidence that living systems generally exhibit both a degree of resistance to disruption and an ability to recover following disturbance. Not only do mechanisms of robustness and resilience exist across and between systems, but those mechanisms exhibit ubiquitous and scalable commonalities in pattern and function. Mechanisms such as redundancy, plasticity, interconnectivity, and coordination of subunits appear to be crucial internal players in the determination of stability. Similarly, factors external to the system such as the amplitude, frequency, and predictability of disruptors, or the prevalence of key limiting resources, may constrain pathways of response. In the face of a rapidly changing environment, there is a pressing need to develop a common framework for describing, assessing, and predicting robustness and resilience within and across living systems.
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12
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Kelley JL, Desvignes T, McGowan KL, Perez M, Rodriguez LA, Brown AP, Culumber Z, Tobler M. microRNA expression variation as a potential molecular mechanism contributing to adaptation to hydrogen sulphide. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:977-988. [PMID: 33124163 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and can play an important role in modulating organismal development and physiology in response to environmental stress. However, the role of miRNAs in mediating adaptation to diverse environments in natural study systems remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterized miRNAs and their expression in Poecilia mexicana, a species of small fish that inhabits both normal streams and extreme environments in the form of springs rich in toxic hydrogen sulphide (H2 S). We found that P. mexicana has a similar number of miRNA genes as other teleosts. In addition, we identified a large population of mature miRNAs that were differentially expressed between locally adapted populations in contrasting habitats, indicating that miRNAs may contribute to P. mexicana adaptation to sulphidic environments. In silico identification of differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA pairs revealed, in the sulphidic environment, the downregulation of miRNAs predicted to target mRNAs involved in sulphide detoxification and cellular homeostasis, which are pathways essential for life in H2 S-rich springs. In addition, we found that predicted targets of upregulated miRNAs act in the mitochondria (16.6% of predicted annotated targets), which is the main site of H2 S toxicity and detoxification, possibly modulating mitochondrial function. Together, the differential regulation of miRNAs between these natural populations suggests that miRNAs may be involved in H2 S adaptation by promoting functions needed for survival and reducing functions affected by H2 S. This study lays the groundwork for further research to directly demonstrate the role of miRNAs in adaptation to H2 S. Overall, this study provides a critical stepping-stone towards a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the adaptive variation in gene expression in a natural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Kerry L McGowan
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Marcos Perez
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lenin Arias Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, México
| | - Anthony P Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zach Culumber
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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13
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Feidantsis K, Michaelidis B, Raitsos DΕ, Vafidis D. Seasonal cellular stress responses of commercially important invertebrates at different habitats of the North Aegean Sea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110778. [PMID: 32745528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In many aquatic species, the negative effect of temperature variations has a significant impact on physiological performance since beyond Tp (upper pejus) and Tc (critical temperatures), according to the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT), transition to hypoxemia and mitochondrial metabolism triggers the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, climate change may have different spatial impact, and as a result, areas with more favorable climatic conditions (refugia) can be identified. The aim of the present study, based on cellular stress responses, is the demarcation of these areas and the preservation of commercially important marine species. Under this prism, individuals of the species Callinectes sapidus (blue crab), Sepia officinalis (common cuttlefish), Holothuria tubulosa (sea cucumber) and Venus verrucosa (clam) from Thermaikos, Pagasitikos and Vistonikos gulf were collected seasonally. The results showed an increase in the levels of several stress indicators exhibiting the triggering of Heat Shock Response, MAPK activation, apoptotic phenomena and increased ubiquitilination during the summer sampling in relation to the spring and autumn samplings concerning blue crab and clam, while no changes were observed for common cuttlefish and sea cucumber. It seems that these cellular responses consist a cytoprotective mechanism against environmental thermal stress. Regarding collection sites, for all examined species, higher cellular stress levels were observed in Pagasitikos, and lower in Vistonikos gulf. This analysis of biochemical and molecular markers is expected to provide a clearer picture for the definition of "refugia" for the above species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, 38445 Nea Ionia, Volos, Greece.
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dionysios Ε Raitsos
- Department of Zoology-Marine Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vafidis
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, 38445 Nea Ionia, Volos, Greece
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14
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Somero GN. The cellular stress response and temperature: Function, regulation, and evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:379-397. [PMID: 31944627 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cellular stress response (CSR) is critical for enabling organisms to cope with thermal damage to proteins, nucleic acids, and membranes. It is a graded response whose properties vary with the degree of cellular damage. Molecular damage has positive, as well as negative, function-perturbing effects. Positive effects include crucial regulatory interactions that orchestrate involvement of the different components of the CSR. Thermally unfolded proteins signal for rapid initiation of transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), central elements of the heat shock response (HSR). Thermal disruption of messenger RNA (mRNA) secondary structures in untranslated regions leads to the culling of the mRNA pool: thermally labile mRNAs for housekeeping proteins are degraded by exonucleases; heat-resistant mRNAs for stress proteins like HSPs then can monopolize the translational apparatus. Thus, proteins and RNA function as "cellular thermometers," and evolved differences in their thermal stabilities enable rapid initiation of the CSR whenever cell temperature rises significantly above the normal thermal range of a species. Covalent DNA damage, which may result from increased production of reactive oxygen species, is temperature-dependent; its extent may determine cellular survival. High levels of stress that exceed capacities for molecular repair can lead to proteolysis, inhibition of cell division, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Onset of these processes may occur later in the stress period, after initiation of the HSR, to allow HSPs opportunity to restore protein homeostasis. Delay of these energy costly processes may also result from shortfalls in availability of adenosine triphosphate and reducing power during times of peak stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Somero
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California
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15
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Morgan R, Sundin J, Finnøen MH, Dresler G, Vendrell MM, Dey A, Sarkar K, Jutfelt F. Are model organisms representative for climate change research? Testing thermal tolerance in wild and laboratory zebrafish populations. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz036. [PMID: 31249690 PMCID: PMC6589993 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Model organisms can be useful for studying climate change impacts, but it is unclear whether domestication to laboratory conditions has altered their thermal tolerance and therefore how representative of wild populations they are. Zebrafish in the wild live in fluctuating thermal environments that potentially reach harmful temperatures. In the laboratory, zebrafish have gone through four decades of domestication and adaptation to stable optimal temperatures with few thermal extremes. If maintaining thermal tolerance is costly or if genetic traits promoting laboratory fitness at optimal temperature differ from genetic traits for high thermal tolerance, the thermal tolerance of laboratory zebrafish could be hypothesized to be lower than that of wild zebrafish. Furthermore, very little is known about the thermal environment of wild zebrafish and how close to their thermal limits they live. Here, we compared the acute upper thermal tolerance (critical thermal maxima; CTmax) of wild zebrafish measured on-site in West Bengal, India, to zebrafish at three laboratory acclimation/domestication levels: wild-caught, F1 generation wild-caught and domesticated laboratory AB-WT line. We found that in the wild, CTmax increased with increasing site temperature. Yet at the warmest site, zebrafish lived very close to their thermal limit, suggesting that they may currently encounter lethal temperatures. In the laboratory, acclimation temperature appeared to have a stronger effect on CTmax than it did in the wild. The fish in the wild also had a 0.85-1.01°C lower CTmax compared to all laboratory populations. This difference between laboratory-held and wild populations shows that environmental conditions can affect zebrafish's thermal tolerance. However, there was no difference in CTmax between the laboratory-held populations regardless of the domestication duration. This suggests that thermal tolerance is maintained during domestication and highlights that experiments using domesticated laboratory-reared model species can be appropriate for addressing certain questions on thermal tolerance and global warming impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Morgan
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Josefin Sundin
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mette H Finnøen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gunnar Dresler
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marc Martínez Vendrell
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arpita Dey
- Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Kripan Sarkar
- Rainbow Ornamental Fish Farm, Baxipara, Raninagar, Mohitnagar, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Acclimation capacity of the cardiac HSP70 and HSP90 response to thermal stress in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a stenothermal ice-age relict. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 224:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Rohr JR, Civitello DJ, Cohen JM, Roznik EA, Sinervo B, Dell AI. The complex drivers of thermal acclimation and breadth in ectotherms. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1425-1439. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - David J. Civitello
- Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
- Department of Biology Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Jeremy M. Cohen
- Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Roznik
- Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
- Department of Research and Conservation Memphis Zoo Memphis TN 38112 USA
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
| | - Anthony I. Dell
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Centre (NGRREC) Alton ILUSA
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
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18
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Tartarotti B, Alfreider A, Egg M, Saul N, Schneider T, Sommaruga R, Tischler A, Vetter J. Seasonal plasticity in photoprotection modulates UV-induced hsp gene expression in copepods from a clear lake. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2018; 63:1579-1592. [PMID: 30333668 PMCID: PMC6175331 DOI: 10.1002/lno.10793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton from clear alpine lakes is exposed to stressful levels of solar UV radiation (UVR). As these pelagic organisms experience high UVR and large changes in solar radiation conditions between ice-free and ice-cover periods, they have evolved various strategies to minimize UVR exposure and damage. Here, we studied the relation between photoprotection levels (mycosporine-like amino acids, carotenoids), antioxidant capacities, and gene expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) as indicator of stress in the copepod Cyclops abyssorum tatricus during the course of a year. Expression of hsp60, hsp70, and hsp90 was measured in the field (baseline expression [BE]) and after UVR exposure in the laboratory. The BE differed among genes and seasons (hsp60: high during summer, hsp70 and hsp90: high during the ice-cover period). The gene expression of hsp70 was upregulated after exposure to UVR (up to 5.2-fold change), while hsp60 and hsp90 were only constitutively expressed. A strong seasonal pattern was found in the photoprotective compounds and antioxidant capacities, with highest levels during the ice-free period. The extent of upregulation of hsp70 gene expression increased with decreasing photoprotection levels and peaked 24 h post UVR exposure (9.6-fold change) at the time of lowest photoprotection (February). Our data suggest that hsp70 gene expression is modulated by seasonal plasticity in photoprotection. This ability of adequate stress response is essential for survival in highly variable ecosystems such as alpine lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Tartarotti
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Alfreider
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - M. Egg
- Ecophysiology, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - N. Saul
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of BiologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - T. Schneider
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - R. Sommaruga
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - A. Tischler
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Ecophysiology, Institute of ZoologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - J. Vetter
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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19
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Environmental and genetic determinants of transcriptional plasticity in Chinook salmon. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 120:38-50. [PMID: 29234168 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in gene transcription is widely believed to be the mechanistic basis of phenotypically plastic traits; however, comparatively little is known about the inheritance patterns of transcriptional variation that would allow us to predict its response to selection. In addition, acclimation to different environmental conditions influences acute transcriptional responses to stress and it is unclear if these effects are heritable. To address these gaps in knowledge, we assayed levels of messenger RNA for 14 candidate genes at rest and in response to a 24-h confinement stress for 72 half-sib families of Chinook salmon reared in two different environments (hatchery and semi-natural stream channel). We observed extensive plasticity for mRNA levels of metabolic and stress response genes and demonstrated that mRNA level plasticity due to rearing environment affects mRNA level plasticity in response to stress. These effects have important implications for natural populations experiencing multiple stressors. We identified genotype-by-environment interactions for mRNA levels that were dominated by maternal effects; however, mRNA level response to challenge also exhibited a non-additive genetic basis. Our results indicate that while plasticity for mRNA levels can evolve, predicting the outcome of selection will be difficult. The inconsistency in genetic architecture among treatment groups suggests there is considerable cryptic genetic variation for gene expression.
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20
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Passow CN, Henpita C, Shaw JH, Quackenbush CR, Warren WC, Schartl M, Arias-Rodriguez L, Kelley JL, Tobler M. The roles of plasticity and evolutionary change in shaping gene expression variation in natural populations of extremophile fish. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6384-6399. [PMID: 28926156 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The notorious plasticity of gene expression responses and the complexity of environmental gradients complicate the identification of adaptive differences in gene regulation among populations. We combined transcriptome analyses in nature with common-garden and exposure experiments to establish cause-effect relationships between the presence of a physiochemical stressor and expression differences, as well as to test how evolutionary change and plasticity interact to shape gene expression variation in natural systems. We studied two evolutionarily independent population pairs of an extremophile fish (Poecilia mexicana) living in toxic, hydrogen sulphide (H2 S)-rich springs and adjacent nontoxic habitats and assessed genomewide expression patterns of wild-caught and common-garden-raised individuals exposed to different concentrations of H2 S. We found that 7.7% of genes that were differentially expressed between sulphidic and nonsulphidic ecotypes remained differentially expressed in the laboratory, indicating that sources of selection other than H2 S-or plastic responses to other environmental factors-contribute substantially to gene expression patterns observed in the wild. Concordantly differentially expressed genes in the wild and the laboratory were primarily associated with H2 S detoxification, sulphur processing and metabolic physiology. While shared, ancestral plasticity played a minor role in shaping gene expression variation observed in nature, we documented evidence for evolved population differences in the constitutive expression as well as the H2 S inducibility of candidate genes. Mechanisms underlying gene expression variation also varied substantially across the two ecotype pairs. These results provide a springboard for studying evolutionary modifications of gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie expression variation in locally adapted populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chathurika Henpita
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer H Shaw
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Corey R Quackenbush
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Studies and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lenin Arias-Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | - Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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21
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Development of the embryonic heat shock response and the impact of repeated thermal stress in early stage lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:294-301. [PMID: 29037397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos were exposed to thermal stress (TS) at different developmental stages to determine when the heat shock response (HSR) can be initiated and if it is altered by exposure to repeated TS. First, embryos were subject to one of three different TS temperatures (6, 9, or 12°C above control) at 4 points in development (21, 38, 60 and 70 days post-fertilisation (dpf)) for 2h followed by a 2h recovery to understand the ontogeny of the HSR. A second experiment explored the effects of repeated TS on the HSR in embryos from 15 to 75 dpf. Embryos were subjected to one of two TS regimes; +6°C TS for 1h every 6 days or +9°C TS for 1h every 6 days. Following a 2h recovery, a subset of embryos was sampled. Our results show that embryos could initiate a HSR via upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA at all developmental ages studied, but that this response varied with age and was only observed with a TS of +9 or +12°C. In comparison, when embryos received multiple TS treatments, hsp70 was not induced in response to the 1h TS and 2h recovery, and a downregulation was observed at 39 dpf. Downregulation of hsp47 and hsp90α mRNA was also observed in early age embryos. Collectively, these data suggest that embryos are capable of initiating a HSR at early age and throughout embryogenesis, but that repeated TS can alter the HSR, and may result in either reduced responsiveness or a downregulation of inducible hsps. Our findings warrant further investigation into both the short- and long-term effects of repeated TS on lake whitefish development.
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22
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Zhou A, Xie S, Wang Z, Junaid M, Fan L, Wang C, Ye Q, Chen Y, Pei DS, Zou J. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of heat shock protein 90 in albino northern snakehead Channa argus. Gene 2017; 626:173-181. [PMID: 28442397 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The great albino northern snakehead Channa argus is habitual to only the Sichuan Jialing Rivers System in China, making its introduction difficult to other riverine systems. Here, we characterized heat shock protein 90 (AcaHSP90) and probed its molecular responses toward the environmental stressors that C. argus can face during its introduction and breeding in the other southern latitudes of China. To serve the purpose, cDNA encoding of AcaHSP90 were cloned and characterized in albino C. argus. The cDNA was 2752bps that contained an open reading frame (ORF), encoding a 726-amino-acid polypeptide of 83.35kDa (theoretical isoelectric point [pI]: 4.89). Genomic DNA analysis showed that the AcaHSP90 gene consisted of 7 introns, five conserved amino acid blocks and other motifs or domains. The AcaHSP90 structure was highly similar with the other known HSP90s except those identified in the bacteria. The expression profiles of AcaHSP90 gene in albino C. argus were also investigated after experimentally exposed to different temperature stresses (8.5, 26 and 37°C) and infected with Edwardsiella tarda (strain NO. DL1476) at different time intervals (0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72h). In addition, the AcaHSP90 expression in different tissues of albino C. argus were also analyzed. The quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis revealed tissue-specific AcaHSP90 expressions in control group, and expressions were significantly stimulated in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, muscle and spleen after the heat shock (37°C), while showed no significant difference after the cold treatment (8.5°C). The mRNA levels of AcaHSP90 were also significantly upregulated in the spleen and muscle at 12h and in the kidney at 12 and 48h post pathogen injections. In a nut shell, these novel results showed tissue-specific responses of AcaHSP90 and indicated that this heat shock protein might also be sensitive to pathogen infection, but closely related to the thermal resistance in albino C. argus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Qingyuan North River Fishery Science Institute, Qingyuan 511510, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenlu Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanfen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Dalvi RS, Das T, Debnath D, Yengkokpam S, Baruah K, Tiwari LR, Pal AK. Metabolic and cellular stress responses of catfish, Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther) acclimated to increasing temperatures. J Therm Biol 2017; 65:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Helms Cahan S, Nguyen AD, Stanton-Geddes J, Penick CA, Hernáiz-Hernández Y, DeMarco BB, Gotelli NJ. Modulation of the heat shock response is associated with acclimation to novel temperatures but not adaptation to climatic variation in the ants Aphaenogaster picea and A. rudis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Short-term molecular and physiological responses to heat stress in neritic copepods Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 203:348-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Lewis M, Götting M, Anttila K, Kanerva M, Prokkola JM, Seppänen E, Kolari I, Nikinmaa M. Different Relationship between hsp70 mRNA and hsp70 Levels in the Heat Shock Response of Two Salmonids with Dissimilar Temperature Preference. Front Physiol 2016; 7:511. [PMID: 27872596 PMCID: PMC5098114 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) refers to the rapid production of heat shock proteins (hsps) in response to a sudden increase in temperature. Its regulation by heat shock factors is a good example of how gene expression is transcriptionally regulated by environmental stresses. In contrast, little is known about post-transcriptional regulation of the response. The heat shock response is often used to characterize the temperature tolerance of species with the rationale that whenever the response sets on, a species is approaching its lethal temperature. It has commonly been considered that an increase in hsp mRNA gives an accurate indication that the same happens to the protein level, but this need not be the case. With climate change, understanding the effects of temperature on gene expression of especially polar organisms has become imperative to evaluate how both biodiversity and commercially important species respond, since temperature increases are expected to be largest in polar areas. Here we studied the HSR of two phylogenetically related Arctic species, which differ in their temperature tolerance with Arctic charr having lower maximally tolerated temperature than Atlantic salmon. Arctic charr acclimated to 15°C and exposed to 7°C temperature increase for 30 min showed both an increase in hsp70 mRNA and hsp70 whereas in salmon only hsp70 mRNA increased. Our results indicate that the temperature for transcriptional induction of hsp can be different from the one required for a measurable change in inducible hsp level. The species with lower temperature tolerance, Arctic charr, are experiencing temperature stress already at the higher acclimation temperature, 15°C, as their hsp70 mRNA and hsp70 levels were higher, and they grow less than fish at 8°C (whereas for salmon the opposite is true). Consequently, charr experience more drastic heat shock than salmon. Although further studies are needed to establish the temperature range and length of exposure where hsp mRNA and hsp level are disconnected, the observation suggests that by measuring both hsp mRNA and hsp level, one can evaluate if a species is approaching the higher end of its temperature tolerance, and thus evaluate the vulnerability of an organism to the challenges imposed by elevated water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lewis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Götting
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Anttila
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni M Prokkola
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
| | - Eila Seppänen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Enonkoski, Finland
| | - Irma Kolari
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Enonkoski, Finland
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku Turku, Finland
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27
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Logan CA, Buckley BA. Transcriptomic responses to environmental temperature in eurythermal and stenothermal fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 218:1915-24. [PMID: 26085668 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ectothermic species like fishes differ greatly in the thermal ranges they tolerate; some eurythermal species may encounter temperature ranges in excess of 25°C, whereas stenothermal species in polar and tropical waters live at essentially constant temperatures. Thermal specialization comes with fitness trade-offs and as temperature increases due to global warming, the physiological basis of specialization and thermal plasticity has become of great interest. Over the past 50 years, comparative physiologists have studied the physiological and molecular differences between stenothermal and eurythermal fishes. It is now well known that many stenothermal fishes have lost an inducible heat shock response (HSR). Recent advances in transcriptomics have now made it possible to examine genome-wide changes in gene expression (GE) in non-model ecologically important fish, broadening our view beyond the HSR to regulation of genes involved in hundreds of other cellular processes. Here, we review the major findings from transcriptomic studies of extreme eurythermal and stenothermal fishes in response to acute and long-term exposure to temperature, both time scales being critically important for predicting climate change responses. We consider possible molecular adaptations that underlie eurythermy and stenothermy in teleosts. Furthermore, we highlight the challenges that still face the field of comparative environmental genomics and suggest fruitful paths of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Logan
- Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA
| | - Bradley A Buckley
- Center for Life in Extreme Environments, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207, USA
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Jayasundara N, Tomanek L, Dowd WW, Somero GN. Proteomic analysis of cardiac response to thermal acclimation in the eurythermal goby fish Gillichthys mirabilis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 218:1359-72. [PMID: 25954043 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.118760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac function is thought to play a central role in determining thermal optima and tolerance limits in teleost fishes. Investigating proteomic responses to temperature in cardiac tissues may provide insights into mechanisms supporting the thermal plasticity of cardiac function. Here, we utilized a global proteomic analysis to investigate changes in cardiac protein abundance in response to temperature acclimation (transfer from 13°C to 9, 19 and 26°C) in a eurythermal goby, Gillichthys mirabilis. Proteomic data revealed 122 differentially expressed proteins across acclimation groups, 37 of which were identified using tandem mass-spectrometry. These 37 proteins are involved in energy metabolism, mitochondrial regulation, iron homeostasis, cytoprotection against hypoxia, and cytoskeletal organization. Compared with the 9 and 26°C groups, proteins involved in energy metabolism increased in 19°C-acclimated fish, indicating an overall increase in the capacity for ATP production. Creatine kinase abundance increased in 9°C-acclimated fish, suggesting an important role for the phosphocreatine energy shuttle in cold-acclimated hearts. Both 9 and 26°C fish also increased abundance of hexosaminidase, a protein directly involved in post-hypoxia stress cytoprotection of cardiac tissues. Cytoskeletal restructuring appears to occur in all acclimation groups; however, the most prominent effect was detected in 26°C-acclimated fish, which exhibited significantly increased actin levels. Overall, proteomic analysis of cardiac tissue suggests that the capacity to adjust ATP-generating processes is crucial to the thermal plasticity of cardiac function. Furthermore, G. mirabilis may optimize cellular functions at temperatures near 19°C, which lies within the species' preferred temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Jayasundara
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Lars Tomanek
- Biological Sciences Department, 1 Grand Avenue, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - W Wesley Dowd
- Loyola Marymount University, Department of Biology, 1 LMU Drive, MS 8220, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - George N Somero
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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Gunderson AR, Armstrong EJ, Stillman JH. Multiple Stressors in a Changing World: The Need for an Improved Perspective on Physiological Responses to the Dynamic Marine Environment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2016; 8:357-78. [PMID: 26359817 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) fluctuate through time in most marine environments, sometimes passing intensity thresholds that induce physiological stress. Depending on habitat and season, the peak intensity of different abiotic stressors can occur in or out of phase with one another. Thus, some organisms are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously, whereas others experience them sequentially. Understanding these physicochemical dynamics is critical because how organisms respond to multiple stressors depends on the magnitude and relative timing of each stressor. Here, we first discuss broad patterns of covariation between stressors in marine systems at various temporal scales. We then describe how these dynamics will influence physiological responses to multi-stressor exposures. Finally, we summarize how multi-stressor effects are currently assessed. We find that multi-stressor experiments have rarely incorporated naturalistic physicochemical variation into their designs, and emphasize the importance of doing so to make ecologically relevant inferences about physiological responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Gunderson
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California 94920;
| | - Eric J Armstrong
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California 94920;
| | - Jonathon H Stillman
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California 94920;
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Rodgers EM, Schwartz JJ, Franklin CE. Diving in a warming world: the thermal sensitivity and plasticity of diving performance in juvenile estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 3:cov054. [PMID: 27293738 PMCID: PMC4778457 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Air-breathing, diving ectotherms are a crucial component of the biodiversity and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, but these organisms may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on submergence times. Ectothermic dive capacity is thermally sensitive, with dive durations significantly reduced by acute increases in water temperature; it is unclear whether diving performance can acclimate/acclimatize in response to long-term exposure to elevated water temperatures. We assessed the thermal sensitivity and plasticity of 'fright-dive' capacity in juvenile estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus; n = 11). Crocodiles were exposed to one of three long-term thermal treatments, designed to emulate water temperatures under differing climate change scenarios (i.e. current summer, 28°C; 'moderate' climate warming, 31.5°C; 'high' climate warming, 35°C). Dive trials were conducted in a temperature-controlled tank across a range of water temperatures. Dive durations were independent of thermal acclimation treatment, indicating a lack of thermal acclimation response. Acute increases in water temperature resulted in significantly shorter dive durations, with mean submergence times effectively halving with every 3.5°C increase in water temperature (Q 10 0.17, P < 0.001). Maximal dive performances, however, were found to be thermally insensitive across the temperature range of 28-35°C. These results suggest that C. porosus have a limited or non-existent capacity to thermally acclimate sustained 'fright-dive' performance. If the findings here are applicable to other air-breathing, diving ectotherms, the functional capacity of these organisms will probably be compromised under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essie M. Rodgers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathon J. Schwartz
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E. Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Teigen LE, Orczewska JI, McLaughlin J, O’Brien KM. Cold acclimation increases levels of some heat shock protein and sirtuin isoforms in threespine stickleback. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 188:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cottin D, Foucreau N, Hervant F, Piscart C. Differential regulation of hsp70 genes in the freshwater key species Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) exposed to thermal stress: effects of latitude and ontogeny. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 185:303-13. [PMID: 25588676 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the main abiotic factors influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms. In the Rhône River Valley, populations of the crustacean Gammarus pulex are distributed along a 5 °C thermal gradient from the North to the South of the valley. In this present work, we investigated the heat shock response of G. pulex according to latitudinal distribution (northern vs. southern populations) and ontogeny (adults vs. embryos from early stages). We isolated two isoforms (one constitutive hsc70 and one inducible hsp70) of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) and quantitatively compared their amounts of mRNA after heat shocks, using real-time PCR. Whereas the hsc70 (constitutive) gene did not vary between the two populations, a significant effect of the population was observed on the expression of the hsp70 (inducible) gene in adult specimens. The northern population of amphipods showed a greater magnitude of induction and a 2 °C lower onset temperature when compared to the southern population, suggesting that the northern population is more affected by elevated temperature than the southern one. We demonstrated that the expression of hsp70 may play a crucial role in the persistence of biogeographical patterns of G. pulex, since it reflects the natural distribution of this species along the latitudinal thermal gradient. A differential regulation of hsc70 gene was also observed according to the ontogenetic stage, with a switch from heat inducible in early life stages to constitutively and highly expressed in adults. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the entire life cycle to better understand the adaptive response to thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Cottin
- UMR CNRS 5023, ENTPE, Laboratoire d'Écologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 6 rue R. Dubois, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France,
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Mota CF, Engelen AH, Serrão EA, Pearson GA. Some don't like it hot: microhabitat‐dependent thermal and water stresses in a trailing edge population. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centre of Marine Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
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Kelley AL. The role thermal physiology plays in species invasion. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cou045. [PMID: 27293666 PMCID: PMC4806742 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of physiological phenotypes that may play a part in the establishment of non-native species can broaden our understanding about the ecology of species invasion. Here, an assessment was carried out by comparing the responses of invasive and native species to thermal stress. The goal was to identify physiological patterns that facilitate invasion success and to investigate whether these traits are widespread among invasive ectotherms. Four hypotheses were generated and tested using a review of the literature to determine whether they could be supported across taxonomically diverse invasive organisms. The four hypotheses are as follows: (i) broad geographical temperature tolerances (thermal width) confer a higher upper thermal tolerance threshold for invasive rather than native species; (ii) the upper thermal extreme experienced in nature is more highly correlated with upper thermal tolerance threshold for invasive vs. native animals; (iii) protein chaperone expression-a cellular mechanism that underlies an organism's thermal tolerance threshold-is greater in invasive organisms than in native ones; and (iv) acclimation to higher temperatures can promote a greater range of thermal tolerance for invasive compared with native species. Each hypothesis was supported by a meta-analysis of the invasive/thermal physiology literature, providing further evidence that physiology plays a substantial role in the establishment of invasive ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Kelley
- Corresponding author: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620, USA. Tel: +1 805 8936176.
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Oksala NKJ, Ekmekçi FG, Ozsoy E, Kirankaya S, Kokkola T, Emecen G, Lappalainen J, Kaarniranta K, Atalay M. Natural thermal adaptation increases heat shock protein levels and decreases oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2014; 3:25-8. [PMID: 25462062 PMCID: PMC4225528 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), originally identified as heat-inducible gene products, are a family of highly conserved proteins that respond to a wide variety of stress including oxidative stress. Although both acute and chronic oxidative stress have been well demonstrated to induce HSP responses, little evidence is available whether increased HSP levels provide enhanced protection against oxidative stress under elevated yet sublethal temperatures. We studied relationships between oxidative stress and HSPs in a physiological model by using Garra rufa (doctor fish), a fish species naturally acclimatized to different thermal conditions. We compared fish naturally living in a hot spring with relatively high water temperature (34.4±0.6°C) to those living in normal river water temperature (25.4±4.7°C), and found that levels of all the studied HSPs (HSP70, HSP60, HSP90, HSC70 and GRP75) were higher in fish living in elevated water temperature compared with normal river water temperature. In contrast, indicators of oxidative stress, including protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides, were decreased in fish living in the elevated temperature, indicating that HSP levels are inversely associated with oxidative stress. The present results provide evidence that physiologically increased HSP levels provide protection against oxidative stress and enhance cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niku K J Oksala
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - F Güler Ekmekçi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hacettepe, Beytepe, Turkey
| | - Ergi Ozsoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hacettepe, Beytepe, Turkey
| | - Serife Kirankaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, University of Düzce, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Güzin Emecen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hacettepe, Beytepe, Turkey
| | - Jani Lappalainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Meakin C, Qin J, Pogson L, Abbott C. Thermal tolerance in juvenile King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctata) reduces as fish age and this reduction coincides with migration to deeper colder water. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 172:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jayasundara N, Somero GN. Physiological plasticity of cardiorespiratory function in a eurythermal marine teleost, the longjaw mudsucker, Gillichthys mirabilis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:2111-21. [PMID: 23678101 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.083873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An insufficient supply of oxygen under thermal stress is thought to define thermal optima and tolerance limits in teleost fish. When under thermal stress, cardiac function plays a crucial role in sustaining adequate oxygen supply for respiring tissues. Thus, adaptive phenotypic plasticity of cardiac performance may be critical for modifying thermal limits during temperature acclimation. Here we investigated effects of temperature acclimation on oxygen consumption, cardiac function and blood oxygen carrying capacity of a eurythermal goby fish, Gillichthys mirabilis, acclimated to 9, 19 and 26°C for 4 weeks. Acclimation did not alter resting metabolic rates or heart rates; no compensation of rates was observed at acclimation temperatures. However, under an acute heat ramp, warm-acclimated fish exhibited greater heat tolerance (CTmax=33.3, 37.1 and 38.9°C for 9°C-, 19°C- and 26°C-acclimated fish, respectively) and higher cardiac arrhythmia temperatures compared with 9°C-acclimated fish. Heart rates measured under an acute heat stress every week during 28 days of acclimation suggested that both maximum heart rates and temperature at onset of maximum heart rates changed over time with acclimation. Hemoglobin levels increased with acclimation temperature, from 35 g l(-1) in 9°C-acclimated fish to 60-80 g l(-1) in 19°C- and 26°C-acclimated fish. Oxygen consumption rates during recovery from acute heat stress showed post-stress elevation in 26°C-acclimated fish. These data, coupled with elevated resting metabolic rates and heart rates at warm temperatures, suggest a high energetic cost associated with warm acclimation in G. mirabilis. Furthermore, acclimatory capacity appears to be optimized at 19°C, a temperature shown by behavioral studies to be close to the species' preferred temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Jayasundara
- Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Oceanview Boulevard, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
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The association of SNPs in Hsp90β gene 5' flanking region with thermo tolerance traits and tissue mRNA expression in two chicken breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5295-306. [PMID: 23793829 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermo stress induces heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression and HSP90 family is one of them that has been reported to involve in cellular protection against heat stress. But whether there is any association of genetic variation in the Hsp90β gene in chicken with thermo tolerance is still unknown. Direct sequencing was used to detect possible SNPs in Hsp90β gene 5' flanking region in 3 chicken breeds (n = 663). Six mutations, among which 2 SNPs were chosen and genotypes were analyzed with PCR-RFLP method, were found in Hsp90β gene in these 3 chicken breeds. Association analysis indicated that SNP of C.-141G>A in the 5' flanking region of the Hsp90β gene in chicken had some effect on thermo tolerance traits, which may be a potential molecular marker of thermo tolerance, and the genotype GG was the thermo tolerance genotype. Hsp90β gene mRNA expression in different tissues detected by quantitative real-time PCR assay were demonstrated to be tissue dependent, implying that different tissues have distinct sensibilities to thermo stress. Besides, it was shown time specific and varieties differences. The expression of Hsp90β mRNA in Lingshan chickens in some tissues including heart, liver, brain and spleen were significantly higher or lower than that of White Recessive Rock (WRR). In this study, we presume that these mutations could be used in marker assisted selection for anti-heat stress chickens in our breeding program, and WRR were vulnerable to tropical thermo stress whereas Lingshan chickens were well adapted.
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Balogh G, Péter M, Glatz A, Gombos I, Török Z, Horváth I, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Key role of lipids in heat stress management. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1970-80. [PMID: 23684645 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is a common and, therefore, an important environmental impact on cells and organisms. While much attention has been paid to severe heat stress, moderate temperature elevations are also important. Here we discuss temperature sensing and how responses to heat stress are not necessarily dependent on denatured proteins. Indeed, it is clear that membrane lipids have a pivotal function. Details of membrane lipid changes and the associated production of signalling metabolites are described and suggestions made as to how the interconnected signalling network could be modified for helpful intervention in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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41
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Seasonal variations of cellular stress response of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). J Comp Physiol B 2012; 183:625-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-012-0735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Madeira D, Narciso L, Cabral HN, Diniz MS, Vinagre C. Thermal tolerance of the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus: intraspecific differences at a physiological (CTMax) and molecular level (Hsp70). Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:707-16. [PMID: 22619030 PMCID: PMC3468680 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important variables influencing organisms, especially in the intertidal zone. This work aimed to test physiological and molecular intraspecific differences in thermal tolerance of the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787). The comparisons made focused on sex, size, and habitat (estuary and coast) differences. The physiological parameter was upper thermal limit, tested via the critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and the molecular parameter was total heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70 and Hsp70 plus Hsc70) production, quantified via an enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay. Results showed that CTMax values and Hsp70 production are higher in females probably due to different microhabitat use and potentially due to different hormonal regulation in males and females. Among females, non-reproducing ones showed a higher CTMax value, but no differences were found in Hsp70, even though reproducing females showed higher variability in Hsp70 amounts. As reproduction takes up a lot of energy, its allocation for other activities, including stress responses, is lower. Juveniles also showed higher CTMax and Hsp70 expression because they occur in greater shore heights and ageing leads to alterations in protein synthesis. Comparing estuarine and coastal crabs, no differences were found in CTMax but coastal crabs produce more Hsp70 than estuarine crabs because they occur in drier and hotter areas than estuarine ones, which occur in moister environments. This work shows the importance of addressing intraspecific differences in the stress response at different organizational levels. This study shows that these differences are key factors in stress research, climate research, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Madeira
- Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Chandra K, Bosker T, Hogan N, Lister A, MacLatchy D, Currie S. Sustained high temperature increases the vitellogenin response to 17α-ethynylestradiol in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 118-119:130-140. [PMID: 22561700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), an estuarine fish of the western Atlantic, were acclimated to three salinities (0, 16 or 32 ppt) or three temperatures (10, 20 or 26 °C) and exposed to nominal 50 or 250 ng/L 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) for 14 days. In a separate experiment, fish were exposed to the same levels of EE2 and were subjected to a 1h heat shock (20-30 °C) on the 14th day and allowed to recover for 20 h. We were interested in whether or not susceptibility to EE2 exposure, as indicated by increases in vitellogenin (vtg) gene expression would change with high and low salinity, warm or cold temperature acclimation or acute heat shock. We also investigated the potential role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) under these conditions. Liver vtg1 mRNA was significantly induced in male mummichog exposed to 50 and 250 ng/L EE2, but salinity acclimation or acute heat shock did not further affect this induction. Males acclimated to 26 °C and exposed to 250 ng/L EE2 induced 3.5-fold more vtg1 mRNA than EE2 exposed males acclimated to 10 °C. HSP90 and HSP70 protein were largely unaffected by EE2 exposure. Our findings suggest that mummichog are more susceptible to EE2 under sustained temperature increases that may occur seasonally or with warming of coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavish Chandra
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-4087, USA
| | - Natacha Hogan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Andrea Lister
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Deborah MacLatchy
- Department of Biology and Canadian Rivers Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
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Dalvi RS, Pal AK, Tiwari LR, Baruah K. Influence of acclimation temperature on the induction of heat-shock protein 70 in the catfish Horabagrus brachysoma (Günther). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:919-927. [PMID: 22143442 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Every organism responds to heat stress by synthesizing a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins called the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) that, by acting as molecular chaperones, protect the cell against the aggregation of denatured proteins and play a significant role in adaptation to temperature. The present study aimed to investigate the critical thermal maxima (CTMax) and the expression of HSP70 in different tissues (gill, brain, muscle and liver) of an endemic catfish Horabagrus brachysoma acclimated at either 20 or 30°C for 30 days. To understand the HSP70 response, fish acclimated to the two temperatures were exposed to preset temperatures (26, 30, 34, 36 and 38°C for 20°C acclimated fish and 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40°C for 30°C acclimated fish) for 2 h, followed by 1 h recovery at their respective acclimation temperatures. The HSP70 levels in the gill, brain, muscle and liver tissues were determined by Western blotting of one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in the CTMax values was observed for fish acclimated at 30°C (41.86 ± 0.39°C) than those acclimated at 20°C (39.13 ± 0.18°C). HSP70 was detected in all the tissues with the highest level in the liver followed by intermediate levels in muscle and brain, and lowest level in gill tissue, irrespective of the acclimation temperatures (20 or 30°C). The HSP70 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the tissues of fish acclimated at 30°C than those acclimated at 20°C. The mean induction temperature of HSP70 in all the tissues of fish acclimated at either 20 or 30°C was 30 and 34°C, respectively. The optimum temperature for HSP70 induction in all the tissues of fish acclimated at 20°C was 36°C, whereas for fish acclimated at 30°C was 36°C for gill and 38°C for brain, muscle and liver. Decreased levels of HSP70 were noted in all the tissues of fish when exposed to temperatures that exceeded the optimum temperatures for HSP70 inductions. Overall results indicated that acclimation temperature influences both temperature tolerance and induction of HSP70 in H. brachysoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh S Dalvi
- Division of Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Asim K Pal
- Division of Fish Nutrition Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Lalchand R Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand College, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Artemia Reference Centre, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Feidantsis K, Anestis A, Vasara E, Kyriakopoulou-Sklavounou P, Michaelidis B. Seasonal variations of cellular stress response in the heart and gastrocnemius muscle of the water frog (Pelophylax ridibundus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:331-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fangue NA, Osborne EJ, Todgham AE, Schulte PM. The Onset Temperature of the Heat-Shock Response and Whole-Organism Thermal Tolerance Are Tightly Correlated in both Laboratory-Acclimated and Field-Acclimatized Tidepool Sculpins (Oligocottus maculosus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2011; 84:341-52. [DOI: 10.1086/660113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Logan CA, Somero GN. Effects of thermal acclimation on transcriptional responses to acute heat stress in the eurythermal fish Gillichthys mirabilis (Cooper). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R1373-83. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00689.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The capacities of eurythermal ectotherms to withstand wide ranges of temperature are based, in part, on abilities to modulate gene expression as body temperature changes, notably genes encoding proteins of the cellular stress response. Here, using a complementary DNA microarray, we investigated the sequence in which cellular stress response-linked genes are expressed during acute heat stress, to elucidate how severity of stress affects the categories of genes changing expression. We also studied how prior acclimation history affected gene expression in response to acute heat stress. Eurythermal goby fish ( Gillichthys mirabilis ) were acclimated to 9 ± 0.5, 19 ± 0.5, and 28 ± 0.5°C for 1 mo. Then fish were given an acute heat ramp (4°C/h), and gill tissues were sampled every +4°C to monitor gene expression. The average onset temperature for a significant change in expression during acute stress increased by ∼2°C for each ∼10°C increase in acclimation temperature. For some genes, warm acclimation appeared to obviate the need for expression change until the most extreme temperatures were reached. Sequential expression of different categories of genes reflected severity of stress. Regardless of acclimation temperature, the gene encoding heat shock protein 70 ( HSP70) was upregulated strongly during mild stress; the gene encoding the proteolytic protein ubiquitin ( UBIQ) was upregulated at slightly higher temperatures; and a gene encoding a protein involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B ( CDKN1B), was upregulated only under extreme stress. The tiered, stress level-related expression patterns and the effects of acclimation on induction temperature yield new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of eurythermy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A. Logan
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California
| | - George N. Somero
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California
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Sareh H, Tulapurkar ME, Shah NG, Singh IS, Hasday JD. Response of mice to continuous 5-day passive hyperthermia resembles human heat acclimation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:297-307. [PMID: 21080137 PMCID: PMC3077225 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic repeated exposure to hyperthermia in humans results in heat acclimation (HA), an adaptive process that is attained in humans by repeated exposure to hyperthermia and is characterized by improved heat elimination and increased exercise capacity, and acquired thermal tolerance (ATT), a cellular response characterized by increased baseline heat shock protein (HSP) expression and blunting of the acute increase in HSP expression stimulated by re-exposure to thermal stress. Epidemiologic studies in military personnel operating in hot environments and elite athletes suggest that repeated exposure to hyperthermia may also exert long-term health effects. Animal models demonstrate that coincident exposure to mild hyperthermia or prior exposure to severe hyperthermia can profoundly affect the course of experimental infection and injury, but these models do not represent HA. In this study, we demonstrate that CD-1 mice continuously exposed to mild hyperthermia (ambient temperature ~37°C causing ~2°C increase in core temperature) for 5 days and then exposed to a thermal stress (42°C ambient temperature for 40 min) exhibited some of the salient features of human HA, including (1) slower warming during thermal stress and more rapid cooling during recovery and (2) increased activity during thermal stress, as well as some of the features of ATT, including (1) increased baseline expression of HSP72 and HSP90 in lung, heart, spleen, liver, and brain; and (2) blunted incremental increase in HSP72 expression following acute thermal stress. This study suggests that continuous 5-day exposure of CD-1 mice to mild hyperthermia induces a state that resembles the physiologic and cellular responses of human HA. This model may be useful for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of HA and its consequences on host responsiveness to subsequent stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houtan Sareh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Mohan E. Tulapurkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Nirav G. Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ishwar S. Singh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Research Services, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Hasday
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Mucosal Biology Research Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Research Services, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Health Science Facility-II, Rm. S347, 20 Penn St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Somero GN. Comparative physiology: a "crystal ball" for predicting consequences of global change. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R1-14. [PMID: 21430078 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00719.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Comparative physiology offers powerful approaches for developing causal, mechanistic explanations of shifts in biogeographic patterning occurring in concert with global change. These analyses can identify the cellular loci and intensities of stress-induced perturbation and generate predictions about ecosystem alterations in a changing world. Congeneric species adapted to different abiotic conditions offer excellent study systems for these purposes. Several findings have emerged from such comparative studies: 1) In aquatic and terrestrial habitats, the most heat-tolerant ectotherms may be most threatened by further increases in temperature, due to proximity of these species' thermal optima and tolerance limits to current maximal ambient temperatures and limited capacities for acclimatization to higher temperatures. 2) Cardiac function is a "weak link" in acute thermal tolerance. 3) Stress-induced changes in gene expression comprise a graded response involving genes linked to damage repair, lysis of irreversibly damaged molecules, and downregulation of cell proliferation. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide "biomarkers" for diagnosing degrees of stress. 4) Different abiotic stresses may have synergistic or opposing effects on gene expression, a complexity needing consideration when developing integrated pictures of effects of global change. 5) Adaptation of proteins can result from one to a few amino acid substitutions, which can occur at many sites in a protein, a discovery with implications for rates of adaptive evolution. 6) Greater thermal tolerance of invasive species may favor their replacement of natives. 7) Losses of protein-coding genes and temperature-responsive gene regulatory abilities in stenothermal ectotherms of the Southern Ocean may lead to broad extinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Somero
- Hopkins Marine Station, Dept. of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950-3094, USA.
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