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Brückner A, Brandtner A, Rieck S, Matthey M, Geisen C, Fels B, Stei M, Kusche-Vihrog K, Fleischmann BK, Wenzel D. Site-specific genetic and functional signatures of aortic endothelial cells at aneurysm predilection sites in healthy and AngII ApoE -/- mice. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09933-9. [PMID: 38965173 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is characterized by a pathological dilation at specific predilection sites of the vessel and potentially results in life-threatening vascular rupture. Herein, we established a modified "Häutchen method" for the local isolation of endothelial cells (ECs) from mouse aorta to analyze their spatial heterogeneity and potential role in site-specific disease development. When we compared ECs from aneurysm predilection sites of healthy mice with adjacent control segments we found regulation of genes related to extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation, all pathways playing a critical role in aneurysm development. We also detected enhanced cortical stiffness of the endothelium at these sites. Gene expression of ECs from aneurysms of the AngII ApoE-/- model when compared to sham animals mimicked expression patterns from predilection sites of healthy animals. Thus, this work highlights a striking genetic and functional regional heterogeneity in aortic ECs of healthy mice, which defines the location of aortic aneurysm formation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brückner
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrian Brandtner
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Rieck
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Matthey
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Geisen
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner SiteHamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marta Stei
- Heart Center Bonn, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner SiteHamburg/Luebeck/Kiel, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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2
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Ji Q, Zhu H, Qin Y, Zhang R, Wang L, Zhang E, Zhou X, Meng R. GP60 and SPARC as albumin receptors: key targeted sites for the delivery of antitumor drugs. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1329636. [PMID: 38323081 PMCID: PMC10844528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1329636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Albumin is derived from human or animal blood, and its ability to bind to a large number of endogenous or exogenous biomolecules makes it an ideal drug carrier. As a result, albumin-based drug delivery systems are increasingly being studied. With these in mind, detailed studies of the transport mechanism of albumin-based drug carriers are particularly important. As albumin receptors, glycoprotein 60 (GP60) and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) play a crucial role in the delivery of albumin-based drug carriers. GP60 is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and enables albumin to cross the vascular endothelial cell layer, and SPARC is overexpressed in many types of tumor cells, while it is minimally expressed in normal tissue cells. Thus, this review supplements existing articles by detailing the research history and specific biological functions of GP60 or SPARC and research advances in the delivery of antitumor drugs using albumin as a carrier. Meanwhile, the deficiencies and future perspectives in the study of the interaction of albumin with GP60 and SPARC are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Sheyang County Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Ruiya Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Erhao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Run Meng
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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3
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Wu L, de Perrot M. Omics Overview of the SPARC Gene in Mesothelioma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1103. [PMID: 37509139 PMCID: PMC10377476 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The SPARC gene plays multiple roles in extracellular matrix synthesis and cell shaping, associated with tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. The SPARC gene is also involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which is a critical phenomenon leading to a more aggressive cancer cell phenotype. SPARC gene overexpression has shown to be associated with poor survival in the mesothelioma (MESO) cohort from the TCGA database, indicating that this gene may be a powerful prognostic factor in MESO. Its overexpression is correlated with the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we summarize the omics advances of the SPARC gene, including the summary of SPARC gene expression associated with prognosis in pancancer and MESO, the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and cancer cell stemness. In addition, SPARC might be targeted by microRNAs. Notably, despite the controversial functions on angiogenesis, SPARC may directly or indirectly contribute to tumor angiogenesis in MESO. In conclusion, SPARC is involved in tumor invasion, metastasis, immunosuppression, cancer cell stemness, and tumor angiogenesis, eventually impacting patient survival. Strategies targeting this gene may provide novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of MESO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), 9N-961, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network (UHN), 9N-961, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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4
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Okada T, Suzuki H, Travis ZD, Altay O, Tang J, Zhang JH. SPARC Aggravates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via Integrin αV β3/MAPKs/MMP-9 Signaling Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9739977. [PMID: 34804372 PMCID: PMC8601826 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9739977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a common and critical pathology following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We investigated the BBB disruption property of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) after SAH. A total of 197 rats underwent endovascular perforation to induce SAH or sham operation. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for SPARC or scrambled siRNA was administered intracerebroventricularly to rats 48 h before SAH. Anti-SPARC monoclonal antibody (mAb) 236 for functional blocking or normal mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) was administered intracerebroventricularly 1 h after SAH. Selective integrin αVβ3 inhibitor cyclo(-RGDfK) or phosphate-buffered saline was administered intranasally 1 h before SAH, along with recombinant SPARC treatment. Neurobehavior, SAH severity, brain edema, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot were evaluated. The expression of SPARC and integrin αVβ3 was upregulated after SAH in the endothelial cells. SPARC siRNA and anti-SPARC mAb 236 prevented neuroimpairments and brain edema through protection of BBB as measured by IgG extravasation 24 and 72 h after SAH. Recombinant SPARC aggravated neuroimpairments and cyclo(-RGDfK) suppressed the harmful neurological effects via inhibition of activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 followed by retention of endothelial junction proteins. SPARC may induce post-SAH BBB disruption via integrin αVβ3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuwana City Medical Center, 3-11 Kotobuki-cho, Kuwana, Mie 511-0061, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Zachary D. Travis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Orhan Altay
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Merheb D, Dib G, Zerdan MB, Nakib CE, Alame S, Assi HI. Drug-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Diagnosis and Management. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:49-76. [PMID: 34288840 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210720142542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy comes in all shapes and forms and is a disorder which is found in the peripheral nervous system. It can have an acute or chronic onset depending on the multitude of pathophysiologic mechanisms involving different parts of nerve fibers. A systematic approach is highly beneficial when it comes to cost-effective diagnosis. More than 30 causes of peripheral neuropathy exist ranging from systemic and auto-immune diseases, vitamin deficiencies, viral infections, diabetes, etc. One of the major causes of peripheral neuropathy is drug induced disease, which can be split into peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapy or by other medications. This review deals with the latest causes of drug induced peripheral neuropathy, the population involved, the findings on physical examination and various workups needed and how to manage each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diala Merheb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georgette Dib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Clara El Nakib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Saada Alame
- Department of Pediatrics, Clemenceau Medical Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut,, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute American University of Beirut Medical Center Riad El Solh 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
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6
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Butiaeva LI, Slutzki T, Swick HE, Bourguignon C, Robins SC, Liu X, Storch KF, Kokoeva MV. Leptin receptor-expressing pericytes mediate access of hypothalamic feeding centers to circulating leptin. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1433-1448.e5. [PMID: 34129812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of how leptin receptor (LepR) neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) access circulating leptin is still rudimentary. Employing intravital microscopy, we found that almost half of the blood-vessel-enwrapping pericytes in the MBH express LepR. Selective disruption of pericytic LepR led to increased food intake, increased fat mass, and loss of leptin-dependent signaling in nearby LepR neurons. When delivered intravenously, fluorescently tagged leptin accumulated at hypothalamic LepR pericytes, which was attenuated upon pericyte-specific LepR loss. Because a paracellular tracer was also preferentially retained at LepR pericytes, we pharmacologically targeted regulators of inter-endothelial junction tightness and found that they affect LepR neuronal signaling and food intake. Optical imaging in MBH slices revealed a long-lasting, tonic calcium increase in LepR pericytes in response to leptin, suggesting pericytic contraction and vessel constriction. Together, our data indicate that LepR pericytes facilitate localized, paracellular blood-brain barrier leaks, enabling MBH LepR neurons to access circulating leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia I Butiaeva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Tal Slutzki
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hannah E Swick
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Clément Bourguignon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sarah C Robins
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Maia V Kokoeva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Larionova I, Kazakova E, Gerashchenko T, Kzhyshkowska J. New Angiogenic Regulators Produced by TAMs: Perspective for Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133253. [PMID: 34209679 PMCID: PMC8268686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the targeting of a single pro-angiogenic factor fails to improve oncological disease outcome, significant efforts have been made to identify new pro-angiogenic factors that could compensate for the deficiency of current therapy or act independently as single drugs. Our review aims to present the state-of-the art for well-known and recently described factors produced by macrophages that induce and regulate angiogenesis. A number of positive and negative regulators of angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment are produced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Accumulating evidence has indicated that, apart from the well-known angiogenic factors, there are plenty of novel angiogenesis-regulating proteins that belong to different classes. We summarize the data regarding the direct or indirect mechanisms of the interaction of these factors with endothelial cells during angiogenesis. We highlight the recent findings that explain the limitations in the efficiency of current anti-angiogenic therapy approaches. Abstract Angiogenesis is crucial to the supply of a growing tumor with nutrition and oxygen. Inhibition of angiogenesis is one of the main treatment strategies for colorectal, lung, breast, renal, and other solid cancers. However, currently applied drugs that target VEGF or receptor tyrosine kinases have limited efficiency, which raises a question concerning the mechanism of patient resistance to the already developed drugs. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were identified in the animal tumor models as a key inducer of the angiogenic switch. TAMs represent a potent source not only for VEGF, but also for a number of other pro-angiogenic factors. Our review provides information about the activity of secreted regulators of angiogenesis produced by TAMs. They include members of SEMA and S100A families, chitinase-like proteins, osteopontin, and SPARC. The COX-2, Tie2, and other factors that control the pro-angiogenic activity of TAMs are also discussed. We highlight how these recent findings explain the limitations in the efficiency of current anti-angiogenic therapy. Additionally, we describe genetic and posttranscriptional mechanisms that control the expression of factors regulating angiogenesis. Finally, we present prospects for the complex targeting of the pro-angiogenic activity of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Elena Kazakova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Gerashchenko
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (J.K.)
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8
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Fonseca-Camarillo G, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Razo-López N, Barreto-Zúñiga R, Martínez-Benítez B, Yamamoto-Furusho JK. Intestinal production of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in patients with ulcerative colitis. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152095. [PMID: 34000572 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the intestine. The genetics factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC. SPARC exacerbates colonic inflammatory symptoms in dextran sodium sulphate-induced murine colitis. The aim of the study was to measure the gene expression and intestinal production of SPARC in patients with UC and controls as well as, to determine its correlation with histological activity. METHODS We included 40 patients with confirmed diagnosis of UC, and 20 controls without endoscopic evidence of any type of colitis or neoplasia. The relative quantification of the gene expression was performed by real time PCR. GAPDH was used as housekeeping gene for normalization purposes and quality controls. Protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The gene expression of SPARC was increased in patients with active UC vs in remission UC and vs. controls (P = 0.005). There was no significant difference between patients with remission UC and controls. The overexpression of SPARC in patients with active UC correlated significantly with mild histological activity (P = 0.06, OR = 7.77, IC = 0.77-77.9) moderate (P = 0.06, OR = 8.1, IC 95%=0.79-82.73), and severe (P = 0.03, OR = 6.5, IC 95%=1.09-38.6). Double positive SPARC+/CD16+ cells were localized mainly in submucosa, muscular layer, and adventitia, and in perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in patients with active UC. CONCLUSION The gene and protein expression of SPARC is increased in active UC. SPARC could be a marker of intestinal inflammation and its expression correlates with histological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fonseca-Camarillo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic. Department of Gastroenterology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Natalia Razo-López
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic. Department of Gastroenterology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Rafael Barreto-Zúñiga
- Department of Endoscopy. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Braulio Martínez-Benítez
- Department of Pathology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jesús K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic. Department of Gastroenterology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México, CDMX, Mexico.
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Yang J, Zhang J, Fan R, Zhao W, Han T, Duan K, Li X, Zeng P, Deng J, Zhang J, Yang X. Identifying Potential Candidate Hub Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways in the Immune Responses to Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in the Elderly Through Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603337. [PMID: 33343577 PMCID: PMC7746648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the potential candidate hub genes may facilitate the generation of safe and effective immunity against seasonal influenza as well as the development of personalized influenza vaccines for the elderly at high risk of influenza virus infection. This study aimed to identify the potential hub genes related to the immune induction process of the 2018/19 seasonal quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (QIVs) in the elderly ≥60 years by using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). From 63 whole blood samples from16 elderly individuals, a total of 13,345 genes were obtained and divided into eight co-expression modules, with two modules being significantly correlated with vaccine-induced immune responses. After functional enrichment analysis, genes under GO terms of vaccine-associated immunity were used to construct the sub-network for identification and functional validation of hub genes. MCEMP1 and SPARC were confirmed as the hub genes with an obvious effect on QIVs-induced immunity. The MCEMP1 expression was shown to be negatively correlated with the QIVs-associated reactogenicity within 7 days after vaccination, which could be suppressed by the CXCL 8/IL-8 and exacerbated by the Granzyme-B cytotoxic mediator. Meanwhile, the SPARC expression was found to increase the immune responses to the QIVs and contribute to the persistence of protective humoral antibody titers. These two genes can be used to predict QIVs-induced adverse reaction, the intensity of immune responses, and the persistence of humoral antibody against influenza. This work has shed light on further research on the development of personalized QIVs with appropriate immune responses and long-lasting immunity against the forthcoming seasonal influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccine, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccine, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Renfeng Fan
- Guangdong Province Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccine, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Han
- National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccine, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccine, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccine, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Peiyu Zeng
- Gaozhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Maoming City, China
| | - Jinglong Deng
- Gaozhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Maoming City, China
| | - Jikai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Institute of Engineering Technology Research in Combination Vaccine, Wuhan, China.,China Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Peking, China
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10
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Modulating hESC-derived cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell function with triple-helical peptides for heart tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120612. [PMID: 33385684 PMCID: PMC7884910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of cardiomyocyte (CM) and endothelial cell (EC) specific interactions with collagen in the assembly of an operational myocardium in vitro. Engineered cardiac patches represent valuable tools for myocardial repair following infarction and are generally constituted of a suitable biomaterial populated by CMs and supportive cell types. Among those, ECs are required for tissue vascularization and positively modulate CM function. To direct the function of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived CM and EC seeded on biomaterials, we replicated cell-collagen interactions, which regulate cellular behaviour in the native myocardium, using triple-helical peptides (THPs) that are ligands for collagen-binding proteins. THPs enhanced proliferation and activity of CMs and ECs separately and in co-culture, drove CM maturation and enabled coordinated cellular contraction on collagen films. These results highlight the importance of collagen interactions on cellular response and establish THP-functionalized biomaterials as novel tools to produce engineered cardiac tissues.
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11
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Synapse elimination activates a coordinated homeostatic presynaptic response in an autaptic circuit. Commun Biol 2020; 3:260. [PMID: 32444808 PMCID: PMC7244710 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of synapses present in a neuronal circuit is not fixed. Neurons must compensate for changes in connectivity caused by synaptic pruning, learning processes or pathological conditions through the constant adjustment of the baseline level of neurotransmission. Here, we show that cholinergic neurons grown in an autaptic circuit in the absence of glia sense the loss of half of their synaptic contacts triggered by exposure to peptide p4.2, a C-terminal fragment of SPARC. Synaptic elimination is driven by a reorganization of the periodic F-actin cytoskeleton present along neurites, and occurs without altering the density of postsynaptic receptors. Neurons recover baseline neurotransmission through a homeostatic presynaptic response that consists of the coordinated activation of rapid synapse formation and an overall potentiation of presynaptic calcium influx. These results demonstrate that neurons establishing autaptic connections continuously sense and adjust their synaptic output by tweaking the number of functional contacts and neurotransmitter release probability. Cecilia Velasco and Artur Llobet study how autapses respond to synapse elimination. They employ microisland cultures free of glial cells, treat with a SPARC-derived peptide and show that neurons forming autaptic circuits continuously sense and regulate the number of contacts and neurotransmitter release.
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12
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Single-cell transcriptomics of the human retinal pigment epithelium and choroid in health and macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24100-24107. [PMID: 31712411 PMCID: PMC6883845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914143116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium and the choroid are complex tissues whose dysfunction can lead to irreversible visual loss. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing of both of these tissues was performed to characterize gene expression patterns specific to the retinal pigment epithelium and all major choroidal cell populations. Unique gene expression signatures of arterial, venous, and choriocapillaris vascular beds within the choroid were identified. RGCC, a gene that responds to complement and has been shown to induce endothelial apoptosis, was specifically expressed in choriocapillaris endothelial cells. This study provides potential insight into the molecular mechanisms of choroidal vascular disease and its contribution to age-related macular degeneration. The human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid are complex tissues that provide crucial support to the retina. Disease affecting either of these supportive tissues can lead to irreversible blindness in the setting of age-related macular degeneration. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on macular and peripheral regions of RPE-choroid from 7 human donor eyes in 2 independent experiments. In the first experiment, total RPE/choroid preparations were evaluated and expression profiles specific to RPE and major choroidal cell populations were identified. As choroidal endothelial cells represent a minority of the total RPE/choroidal cell population but are strongly implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis, a second single-cell RNA-sequencing experiment was performed using endothelial cells enriched by magnetic separation. In this second study, we identified gene expression signatures along the choroidal vascular tree, classifying the transcriptome of human choriocapillaris, arterial, and venous endothelial cells. We found that the choriocapillaris highly and specifically expresses the regulator of cell cycle gene (RGCC), a gene that responds to complement activation and induces apoptosis in endothelial cells. In addition, RGCC was the most up-regulated choriocapillaris gene in a donor diagnosed with AMD. These results provide a characterization of the human RPE and choriocapillaris transcriptome, offering potential insight into the mechanisms of choriocapillaris response to complement injury and choroidal vascular disease in age-related macular degeneration.
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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14
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Parodi A, Miao J, Soond SM, Rudzińska M, Zamyatnin AA. Albumin Nanovectors in Cancer Therapy and Imaging. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E218. [PMID: 31195727 PMCID: PMC6627831 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin nanovectors represent one of the most promising carriers recently generated because of the cost-effectiveness of their fabrication, biocompatibility, safety, and versatility in delivering hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics and diagnostic agents. In this review, we describe and discuss the recent advances in how this technology has been harnessed for drug delivery in cancer, evaluating the commonly used synthesis protocols and considering the key factors that determine the biological transport and the effectiveness of such technology. With this in mind, we highlight how clinical and experimental albumin-based delivery nanoplatforms may be designed for tackling tumor progression or improving the currently established diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parodi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Jiaxing Miao
- Ohio State University, 410 W 10th Ave. Columbus, 43210, Ohio, USA.
| | - Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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15
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Transcriptional response of cultured porcine intestinal epithelial cells to micro algae extracts in the presence and absence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:8. [PMID: 30923583 PMCID: PMC6423797 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Micro algae's are worldwide considered as an alternative source of proteins in diets for animals and humans. Micro algae also produce an array of biological active substances with potential to induce beneficial and health promoting effects. To better understand the mode of action of micro algae's when applied as additive in diets, porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), stressed by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) or under non-stressed conditions, were exposed to micro algae extracts and changes in gene expression were recorded. Methods IPEC-J2 cells were exposed for 2 and 6 h to extracts prepared from the biomass of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (C), Haematococcus pluvialis (H), Spirulina platensis (S), or a mixture of Scenedesmus obliques and Chlorella sorokiniana (AM), in the absence and presence of ETEC. Gene expression in cells was measured using porcine "whole genome" microarrays. Results The micro algae extracts alone enhanced the expression of a set of genes coding for proteins with biological activity that are secreted from cells. These secreted proteins (hereafter denoted as effector proteins; EPs) may regulate processes like remodelling of the extracellular matrix, activation of an antiviral/bacterial response and oxygen homeostasis in the intestine and periphery. Elevated gene expression of immunostimulatory proteins CCL17, CXCL2, CXCL8 (alias IL8), IFNA, IFNL1, HMOX1, ITGB3, and THBS1 was observed in response to all four extracts in the absence or presence of ETEC. For several of these immunostimulatory proteins no elevated expression was observed when cells were exposed to ETEC alone. Furthermore, all extracts highly stimulated expression of an antisense RNA of the mitochondrial/peroxisome symporter SLC25A21 gene in ETEC-challenged cells. Inhibition of SLC25A21 translation by this antisense RNA may impose a concentration gradient of 2-oxoadipic and 2-oxoglutarate, both metabolites of fatty acid β-oxidation, between the cytoplasm and the interior of these organelles. Conclusions Exposure of by ETEC stressed intestinal epithelium cells to micro algae extracts affected "fatty acid β-oxidation", ATP and reactive oxygen species production and (de) hydroxylation of lysine residues in procollagen chains in these cells. Elevated gene expression of specific EPs and immunostimulatory proteins indicated that micro algae extracts, when used as feed/food additive, can steer an array of metabolic and immunological processes in the intestines of humans and monogastric animals stressed by an enteric bacterial pathogen.
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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Rienks M, Carai P, van Teeffelen J, Eskens B, Verhesen W, Hemmeryckx B, Johnson DM, van Leeuwen R, Jones EA, Heymans S, Papageorgiou AP. SPARC preserves endothelial glycocalyx integrity, and protects against adverse cardiac inflammation and injury during viral myocarditis. Matrix Biol 2018; 74:21-34. [PMID: 29730504 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial damage as a consequence of cardiotropic viruses leads to a broad variety of clinical presentations and is still a complicated condition to diagnose and treat. Whereas the extracellular matrix protein Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine or SPARC has been implicated in hypertensive and ischemic heart disease by modulating collagen production and cross-linking, its role in cardiac inflammation and endothelial function is yet unknown. Absence of SPARC in mice resulted in increased cardiac inflammation and mortality, and reduced cardiac systolic function upon coxsackievirus-B3 induced myocarditis. Intra-vital microscopic imaging of the microvasculature of the cremaster muscle combined with electron microscopic imaging of the microvasculature of the cardiac muscle uncovered the significance of SPARC in maintaining endothelial glycocalyx integrity and subsequent barrier properties to stop inflammation. Moreover, systemic administration of recombinant SPARC restored the endothelial glycocalyx and consequently reversed the increase in inflammation and mortality observed in SPARC KO mice in response to viral exposure. Reducing the glycocalyx in vivo by systemic administration of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrades the endothelial glycocalyx, mimicked the barrier defects found in SPARC KO mice, which could be restored by subsequent administration of recombinant SPARC. In conclusion, the secreted glycoprotein SPARC protects against adverse cardiac inflammation and mortality by improving the glycocalyx function and resulting endothelial barrier function during viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Rienks
- Cardiovascular Department, King's College London, United Kingdom; Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Paolo Carai
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Eskens
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Verhesen
- Cardiovascular Department, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick van Leeuwen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth A Jones
- Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands; Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU, Leuven, Belgium; Netherlands Heart Institute, ICIN, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Pia Papageorgiou
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands; Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Mukwaya A, Lennikov A, Xeroudaki M, Mirabelli P, Lachota M, Jensen L, Peebo B, Lagali N. Time-dependent LXR/RXR pathway modulation characterizes capillary remodeling in inflammatory corneal neovascularization. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:395-413. [PMID: 29445990 PMCID: PMC5878196 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in the normally immune-privileged cornea can initiate a pathologic angiogenic response causing vision-threatening corneal neovascularization. Inflammatory pathways, however, are numerous, complex and are activated in a time-dependent manner. Effective resolution of inflammation and associated angiogenesis in the cornea requires knowledge of these pathways and their time dependence, which has, to date, remained largely unexplored. Here, using a model of endogenous resolution of inflammation-induced corneal angiogenesis, we investigate the time dependence of inflammatory genes in effecting capillary regression and the return of corneal transparency. Endogenous capillary regression was characterized by a progressive thinning and remodeling of angiogenic capillaries and inflammatory cell retreat in vivo in the rat cornea. By whole-genome longitudinal microarray analysis, early suppression of VEGF ligand-receptor signaling and inflammatory pathways preceded an unexpected later-phase preferential activation of LXR/RXR, PPARα/RXRα and STAT3 canonical pathways, with a concurrent attenuation of LPS/IL-1 inhibition of RXR function and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Potent downstream inflammatory cytokines such as Cxcl5, IL-1β, IL-6 and Ccl2 were concomitantly downregulated during the remodeling phase. Upstream regulators of the inflammatory pathways included Socs3, Sparc and ApoE. A complex and coordinated time-dependent interplay between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways highlights a potential anti-inflammatory role of LXR/RXR, PPARα/RXRα and STAT3 signaling pathways in resolving inflammatory corneal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Xeroudaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pierfrancesco Mirabelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
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Single-cell RNA-sequence analysis of mouse glomerular mesangial cells uncovers mesangial cell essential genes. Kidney Int 2017; 92:504-513. [PMID: 28320530 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesangial cells are essential for the structure and function of glomeruli, but the mechanisms underlying these roles are not well understood. Here, we performed a single-cell RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) analysis of mouse mesangial cells using the Fluidigm C1 platform. We found that gene expression in individual mesangial cells was tremendously heterogeneous, with mean correlation coefficients of 0.20, and most mesangial genes were actually expressed in only a portion of mesangial cells and are therefore presumably dispensable. In contrast, 1,045 genes were expressed in every single mesangial cell and were considered mesangial cell essential genes. A gene ontology analysis revealed a significant enrichment of genes associated with the endothelium, supporting the inference that mesangial cells function as pericytes. Among 58 endothelium-associated genes, 18 encode proteins that are secreted and may be directly involved in endothelial homeostasis. Importantly, 11 (Angpt2, Anxa5, Axl, Ecm1, Eng, Fn1, Mfge8, Msn, Nrp1, Serpine2, and Sparc) were upregulated, while 2 (Apoe and Fgf1) were downregulated in various glomerulopathies. The enrichment of genes associated with other reported functions of mesangial cells was also found. Furthermore, we identified 173 genes specifically expressed in every mesangial cell in glomeruli from the mesangial cell essential gene list. Finally, based on single mesangial cell RNA-seq results, we found that commonly used glomerular cell type markers, including Fhl2, Igfbp5, Wt1, Tek/Tie2, Kdr/Flk1, Flt1/Vegfr1, and Cd34, are actually not specific. Thus, single mesangial cell RNA-seq analysis has provided insights into the functions and underlying mechanisms of mesangial cells.
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Supportive angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells in monolayer and co-cultures. Int J Oral Sci 2016; 8:223-230. [PMID: 27910940 PMCID: PMC5168417 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sites of implantation with compromised biology may be unable to achieve the required level of angiogenic and osteogenic regeneration. The specific function and contribution of different cell types to the formation of prevascularized, osteogenic networks in co-culture remains unclear. To determine how bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) contribute to cellular proangiogenic differentiation, we analysed the differentiation of BMSCs and ECs in standardized monolayer, Transwell and co-cultures. BMSCs were derived from the iliac bone marrow of five patients, characterized and differentiated in standardized monolayers, permeable Transwells and co-cultures with human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). The expression levels of CD31, von Willebrand factor, osteonectin (ON) and Runx2 were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of alkaline phosphatase, ON and CD31 was demonstrated via histochemical and immunofluorescence analysis. The results showed that BMSCs and HUVECs were able to retain their lineage-specific osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation in direct and indirect co-cultures. In addition, BMSCs demonstrated a supportive expression of angiogenic function in co-culture, while HUVEC was able to improve the expression of osteogenic marker molecules in BMSCs.
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Alkabie S, Basivireddy J, Zhou L, Roskams J, Rieckmann P, Quandt JA. SPARC expression by cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and its influence on blood-brain barrier properties. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:225. [PMID: 27581191 PMCID: PMC5007716 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is a nonstructural, cell-matrix modulating protein involved in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function, yet its potential role in cerebrovascular development, inflammation, and repair in the central nervous system (CNS) remains undetermined. Methods This study examines SPARC expression in cultured human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3)—an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)—as they transition between proliferative and barrier phenotypes and encounter pro-inflammatory stimuli. SPARC protein levels were quantified by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA) by RT-PCR. Results Constitutive SPARC expression by proliferating hCMEC/D3s is reduced as cells mature and establish a confluent monolayer. SPARC expression positively correlated with the proliferation marker Ki-67 suggesting a role for SPARC in cerebrovascular development. The pro-inflammatory molecules tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased SPARC expression in cerebral endothelia. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) abrogated SPARC induction observed with TNF-α alone. Barrier function assays show recombinant human (rh)-SPARC increased paracellular permeability and decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). This was paralleled by reduced zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin expression in hCMEC/D3s exposed to rh-SPARC (1–10 μg/ml) compared with cells in media containing a physiological dose of SPARC. Conclusions Together, these findings define a role for SPARC in influencing cerebral microvascular properties and function during development and inflammation at the BBB such that it may mediate processes of CNS inflammation and repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0657-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Alkabie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayasree Basivireddy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lixin Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jane Roskams
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Rieckmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Klinikum am Bruderwald, Neurologische Klinik, Buger Str. 80, Bamberg, 96049, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Quandt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Tichet M, Prod'Homme V, Fenouille N, Ambrosetti D, Mallavialle A, Cerezo M, Ohanna M, Audebert S, Rocchi S, Giacchero D, Boukari F, Allegra M, Chambard JC, Lacour JP, Michiels JF, Borg JP, Deckert M, Tartare-Deckert S. Tumour-derived SPARC drives vascular permeability and extravasation through endothelial VCAM1 signalling to promote metastasis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6993. [PMID: 25925867 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the endothelial barrier by tumour-derived secreted factors is a critical step in cancer cell extravasation and metastasis. Here, by comparative proteomic analysis of melanoma secretomes, we identify the matricellular protein SPARC as a novel tumour-derived vascular permeability factor. SPARC deficiency abrogates tumour-initiated permeability of lung capillaries and prevents extravasation, whereas SPARC overexpression enhances vascular leakiness, extravasation and lung metastasis. SPARC-induced paracellular permeability is dependent on the endothelial VCAM1 receptor and p38 MAPK signalling. Blocking VCAM1 impedes melanoma-induced endothelial permeability and extravasation. The clinical relevance of our findings is highlighted by high levels of SPARC detected in tumour from human pulmonary melanoma lesions. Our study establishes tumour-produced SPARC and VCAM1 as regulators of cancer extravasation, revealing a novel targetable interaction for prevention of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Tichet
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France [2] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Virginie Prod'Homme
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France [2] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Nina Fenouille
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France [2] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Laboratoire Central d'Anatomo Pathologie, 06002 Nice, France
| | - Aude Mallavialle
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France [2] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Michael Cerezo
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] INSERM, U1065, Biologie et Pathologies des Mélanocytes, C3M, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Mickaël Ohanna
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] INSERM, U1065, Biologie et Pathologies des Mélanocytes, C3M, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- CRCM, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105; CNRS UMR7258, BP 30059, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] INSERM, U1065, Biologie et Pathologies des Mélanocytes, C3M, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Damien Giacchero
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet 2, Service de Dermatologie, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Fériel Boukari
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France [2] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [3] CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet 2, Service de Dermatologie, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Maryline Allegra
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] INSERM, U1065, Biologie et Pathologies des Mélanocytes, C3M, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambard
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] INSERM, U1091, CNRS, UMR 7277, iBV, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lacour
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] CHU de Nice, Hôpital Archet 2, Service de Dermatologie, 06202 Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- 1] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France [2] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, Hôpital Pasteur, Laboratoire Central d'Anatomo Pathologie, 06002 Nice, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- CRCM, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM105; CNRS UMR7258, BP 30059, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Marcel Deckert
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France [2] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Sophie Tartare-Deckert
- 1] INSERM, U1065, Microenvironnement, Signalisation et Cancer, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 151 Route de Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 23194, 06204 Nice, France [2] Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice, France
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Toba H, de Castro Brás LE, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Lindsey ML, Bradshaw AD. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine facilitates age-related cardiac inflammation and macrophage M1 polarization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C972-82. [PMID: 25877699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00402.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in age-related cardiac inflammation, we studied six groups of mice: young (3-5 mo old), middle-aged (10-12 mo old), and old (18-29 mo old) C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and SPARC-null (Null) mice (n = 7-10/group). Cardiac function and structure were determined by echocardiography. The left ventricle was used for cytokine gene array and macrophage quantification by immunohistochemistry. Macrophage infiltration increased with age in WT (n = 5-6/group, P < 0.05 for young vs. old), but not in Null. Proinflammatory markers (Ccl5, Cx3cl1, Ccr2, and Cxcr3) increased in middle-aged and old WT, whereas they were increased only in old Null compared with respective young (n = 5-6/group, P < 0.05 for all). These results suggest that SPARC deletion delayed age-related cardiac inflammation. To further assess how SPARC affects inflammation, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages with SPARC (n = 4). SPARC treatment increased expression of proinflammatory macrophage M1 markers and decreased anti-inflammatory M2 markers. Echocardiography (n = 7-10/group) revealed an age-related increase in wall thickness of the left ventricle in WT (0.76 ± 0.02 mm in young vs. 0.91 ± 0.03 mm in old; P < 0.05) but not in Null (0.78 ± 0.01 mm in young vs. 0.84 ± 0.02 mm in old). In conclusion, SPARC deletion delayed age-related increases in macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in vivo and in vitro. SPARC acts as an important mediator of age-related cardiac inflammation by increasing the expression of macrophage M1 markers and decreasing M2 markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, and
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research and San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, and
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24
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Serve KM, Black B, Szeinuk J, Pfau JC. Asbestos-associated mesothelial cell autoantibodies promote collagen deposition in vitro. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:774-84. [PMID: 24304304 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.848249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, characterized by excessive collagen protein deposition, is a progressive disease that can fatally inhibit organ function. Prolonged exposure to pathogens or environmental toxicants such as asbestos can lead to chronic inflammatory responses associated with fibrosis. Significant exposure to amphibole asbestos has been reported in and around Libby, Montana due to local mining of asbestos-contaminated vermiculite. These exposures have been implicated in a unique disease etiology characterized predominantly by pleural disorders, including fibrosis. We recently reported the discovery of mesothelial cell autoantibodies (MCAAs) in the sera of Libby residents and demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with pleural disease; however, a mechanistic link was not determined. Here we demonstrate that MCAAs induce pleural mesothelial cells to produce a collagen matrix but do not affect production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor growth factor-β. While autoantibodies commonly induce a pro-fibrotic state by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of target cells, we found no evidence supporting EMT in cells exposed to MCAA positive human sera. Although implicated in other models of pulmonary fibrosis, activity of the protein SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine) did not affect MCAA-induced collagen deposition. However, matrix formation was dependent on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and we noted increased expression of MMP-8 and -9 in supernatants of mesothelial cells incubated with MCAA positive sera compared to control. These data suggest a mechanism by which MCAA binding leads to increased collagen deposition through altering MMP expression and provides an important mechanistic link between MCAAs and asbestos-related, autoimmune-induced pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinta M Serve
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University , Pocatello, ID , USA
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25
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Baratta CA, Brown TJ, Al-Dhalaan F, Ringuette MJ. Evolution and Function of SPARC and Tenascins: Matricellular Counter-Adhesive Glycoproteins with Pleiotropic Effects on Angiogenesis and Tissue Fibrosis. EVOLUTION OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36002-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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26
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Bernstein JM, Bernstein CR, West CML, Homer JJ. Molecular and cellular processes underlying the hallmarks of head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 270:2585-93. [PMID: 23263268 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer were updated by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2011. Here we discuss the updated hallmarks in relation to what is known of the molecular and cellular processes underlying the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Several mechanisms are described, and recent surveys of HNSCC suggest a limited number of mutations, from which more mechanisms may emerge. There are also epigenetic changes to the control of normal processes. More than one mechanism underlies each hallmark. Processes essential to the development of HNSCC need not be essential to the proliferation of the fully developed tumour. Attention is paid to the emerging hallmarks, deregulation of cellular energy metabolism and evasion of immune destruction, and enabling characteristics, genome instability and mutation and tumour-promoting inflammation. HNSCC may adapt to hypoxia, suppress HLA expression, and express Toll-like receptors to facilitate inflammation, which support the proliferation of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Bernstein
- University Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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27
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Murphy EC, Frick IM. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci--commensals and opportunistic pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 37:520-53. [PMID: 23030831 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria associated with clinical infections, the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are the most prominent and account for approximately 25-30% of all isolated anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. Still, routine culture and identification of these slowly growing anaerobes to the species level has been limited in the diagnostic laboratory, mainly due to the requirement of prolonged incubation times and time-consuming phenotypic identification. In addition, GPAC are mostly isolated from polymicrobial infections with known pathogens and therefore their relevance has often been overlooked. However, through improvements in diagnostic and in particular molecular techniques, the isolation and identification of individual genera and species of GPAC associated with specific infections have been enhanced. Furthermore, the taxonomy of GPAC has undergone considerable changes over the years, mainly due to the development of molecular identification methods. Existing species have been renamed and novel species have been added, resulting in changes of the nomenclature. As the abundance and significance of GPAC in clinical infections grow, knowledge of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns of different species becomes more important. The present review describes recent advances of GPAC and what is known of the biology and pathogenic effects of Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Parvimonas, Peptoniphilus and Peptostreptococcus, the most important GPAC genera isolated from human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Carmel Murphy
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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28
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Joseph C, Hunter MG, Sinclair KD, Robinson RS. The expression, regulation and function of secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich in the follicle–luteal transition. Reproduction 2012; 144:361-72. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of the tissue remodelling protein, secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (SPARC), in key processes (e.g. cell reorganisation and angiogenesis) that occur during the follicle–luteal transition is unknown. Hence, we investigated the regulation of SPARC in luteinsing follicular cells and potential roles of SPARC peptide 2.3 in a physiologically relevant luteal angiogenesis culture system. SPARC protein was detected mainly in the theca layer of bovine pre-ovulatory follicles, but its expression was considerably greater in the corpus haemorrhagicum. Similarly, SPARC protein (western blotting) was up-regulated in luteinising granulosa but not in theca cells during a 6-day culture period. Potential regulatory candidates were investigated in luteinising granulosa cells: LH did not affect SPARC (P>0.05); transforming growth factor (TGF) B1 (P<0.001) dose dependently induced the precocious expression of SPARC and increased final levels: this effect was blocked (P<0.001) by SB505124 (TGFB receptor 1 inhibitor). Additionally, fibronectin, which is deposited during luteal development, increased SPARC (P<0.01). In luteal cells, fibroblast growth factor 2 decreased SPARC (P<0.001) during the first 5 days of culture, while vascular endothelial growth factor A increased its expression (P<0.001). Functionally, KGHK peptide, a SPARC proteolytic fragment, stimulated the formation of endothelial cell networks in a luteal cell culture system (P<0.05) and increased progesterone production (P<0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that SPARC is intricately regulated by pro-angiogenic and other growth factors together with components of the extracellular matrix during the follicle–luteal transition. Thus, it is possible that SPARC plays an important modulatory role in regulating angiogenesis and progesterone production during luteal development.
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29
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Baeten KM, Akassoglou K. Extracellular matrix and matrix receptors in blood-brain barrier formation and stroke. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 71:1018-39. [PMID: 21780303 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed primarily to protect the brain microenvironment from the influx of plasma components, which may disturb neuronal functions. The BBB is a functional unit that consists mainly of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) lining the cerebral blood vessels, astrocytes, and pericytes. The BBB is a dynamic structure that is altered in neurologic diseases, such as stroke. ECs and astrocytes secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to generate and maintain the basement membranes (BMs). ECM receptors, such as integrins and dystroglycan, are also expressed at the brain microvasculature and mediate the connections between cellular and matrix components in physiology and disease. ECM proteins and receptors elicit diverse molecular signals that allow cell adaptation to environmental changes and regulate growth and cell motility. The composition of the ECM is altered upon BBB disruption and directly affects the progression of neurologic disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the dynamic changes of ECM composition and integrin receptor expression that control BBB functions in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Baeten
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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30
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Shah NG, Tulapurkar ME, Damarla M, Singh IS, Goldblum SE, Shapiro P, Hasday JD. Febrile-range hyperthermia augments reversible TNF-α-induced hyperpermeability in human microvascular lung endothelial cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:627-35. [PMID: 22834633 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.690547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fever commonly occurs in acute lung injury (ALI) and ALI occurs in 25% of victims of heat stroke. We have shown in mouse models of ALI that exposure to febrile-range hyperthermia (FRH), 39.5°C, increases non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. In this study we studied the direct effects of FRH on endothelial barrier integrity using human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls). We analysed the effect of exposure to culture temperatures between 38.5° and 41°C with and without tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) up to 250 U/mL for 6-24 h. We found that exposure to 2.5-250 U/mL TNF-α increased HMVEC-L permeability by 4.1-15.8-fold at 37°C. Exposure to 39.5°C alone caused variable, modest, lot-specific increases in HMVEC-L permeability, however raising culture temperature to 39.5°C in the presence of TNF-α increased permeability an additional 1.6-4.5-fold compared with cells incubated with the same TNF-α concentration at 37°C. Permeability occurred without measurable cytotoxicity and was reversible upon removal of TNF-α and reduction in temperature to 37°C. Exposure to 39.5°C or TNF-α each stimulated rapid activation of p38 and ERK but the effects were not additive. Treatment with inhibitors of ERK (U0126) or p38 (SB203580) each reduced TNF-α-induced permeability in 39.5°C monolayers to levels in 37°C cells, but did not alter TNF-α-induced permeability in the 37°C cells. These results demonstrate that FRH directly increases paracellular pathway opening through a process that requires ERK and p38 MAPKs. A better understanding of this mechanism may provide new understanding about how fever may contribute to the pathogenesis of ALI and provide new therapeutic targets to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav G Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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31
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Sweetwyne MT, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin1 in tissue repair and fibrosis: TGF-β-dependent and independent mechanisms. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:178-86. [PMID: 22266026 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) plays major roles in both physiologic and pathologic tissue repair. TSP1 through its type 1 repeats is a known regulator of latent TGF-β activation and plays a role in wound healing and fibrosis. Binding of the TSP N-terminal domain to cell surface calreticulin in complex with LDL-receptor related protein 1 stimulates intermediate cell adhesion, cell migration, anoikis resistance, collagen expression and matrix deposition in an in vivo model of the foreign body response. There is also emerging evidence that TSP EGF-like repeats alter endothelial cell-cell interactions and stimulate epithelial migration through transactivation of EGF receptors. The mechanisms underlying these functions of TSP1 and the implications for physiologic and pathologic wound repair and fibrosis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya T Sweetwyne
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
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Chlenski A, Guerrero LJ, Salwen HR, Yang Q, Tian Y, Morales La Madrid A, Mirzoeva S, Bouyer PG, Xu D, Walker M, Cohn SL. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine is a matrix scavenger chaperone. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23880. [PMID: 21949685 PMCID: PMC3174944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) is one of the major non-structural proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in remodeling tissues. The functional significance of SPARC is emphasized by its origin in the first multicellular organisms and its high degree of evolutionary conservation. Although SPARC has been shown to act as a critical modulator of ECM remodeling with profound effects on tissue physiology and architecture, no plausible molecular mechanism of its action has been proposed. In the present study, we demonstrate that SPARC mediates the disassembly and degradation of ECM networks by functioning as a matricellular chaperone. While it has low affinity to its targets inside the cells where the Ca(2+) concentrations are low, high extracellular concentrations of Ca(2+) activate binding to multiple ECM proteins, including collagens. We demonstrated that in vitro, this leads to the inhibition of collagen I fibrillogenesis and disassembly of pre-formed collagen I fibrils by SPARC at high Ca(2+) concentrations. In cell culture, exogenous SPARC was internalized by the fibroblast cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Pulse-chase assay further revealed that internalized SPARC is quickly released outside the cell, demonstrating that SPARC shuttles between the cell and ECM. Fluorescently labeled collagen I, fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin were co-internalized with SPARC by fibroblasts, and semi-quantitative Western blot showed that SPARC mediates internalization of collagen I. Using a novel 3-dimensional model of fluorescent ECM networks pre-deposited by live fibroblasts, we demonstrated that degradation of ECM depends on the chaperone activity of SPARC. These results indicate that SPARC may represent a new class of scavenger chaperones, which mediate ECM degradation, remodeling and repair by disassembling ECM networks and shuttling ECM proteins into the cell. Further understanding of this mechanism may provide insight into the pathogenesis of matrix-associated disorders and lead to the novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Chlenski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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34
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Workman G, Sage EH. Identification of a sequence in the matricellular protein SPARC that interacts with the scavenger receptor stabilin-1. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:1003-8. [PMID: 21308731 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SPARC (osteonectin/BM-40), a secreted matricellular protein that promotes cellular deadhesion and motility in wound healing, carcinogenesis, and inflammation, binds to the scavenger receptor stabilin-1 in alternatively activated macrophages and undergoes endocytosis and clearance from the extracellular space. Both SPARC and stabilin-1 are expressed by endothelial cells during inflammation, but their interaction in this context is unknown. We have identified a binding site on SPARC for stabilin-1 by a solid-state peptide array coupled with a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes the identified binding site was also characterized that could be an inhibitor for the SPARC-stabilin-1 interaction in macrophages or endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Workman
- Department of Vascular Biology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
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35
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Abstract
The 5q- syndrome is a unique subtype of myelodysplastic syndromes typified by a relatively indolent course and responsiveness to lenalidomide. Here, we review the salient biologic features of this disease. Hemizygous deletion of a segment of chromosome 5q is believed to be the disease-initiating event. Recent molecular techniques have isolated the common deleted region and characterized key candidate genes contributing to the disease phenotype. Gene-specific RNA interference strategies revealed that haplo-insufficiency for the RPS14 gene, which encodes a ribosomal protein, is a critical effector of the p53-dependent erythroid hypoplasia and apoptotic loss of erythroid precursors. Disease-specific sensitivity to lenalidomide results from the drug's inhibitory effect on two haplodeficient phosphatases, PP2Acα and CDC25c, which are coregulators of the G(2)/M checkpoint. Hyperphosphorylation of MDM2, as a result of inhibition of PP2A phosphatase activity, stabilizes MDM2, permitting p53 degradation and transition to G(2) arrest and clonal suppression. With the emerging data elucidating the pathogenesis of the 5q- syndrome and the success of clinical trials, a cohesive story connecting the biology and pharmacology associated with this subtype of myelodysplastic syndromes has emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Padron
- Hematologic Malignancy Division, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Thomas S, Waterman P, Chen S, Marinelli B, Seaman M, Rodig S, Ross RW, Josephson L, Weissleder R, Kelly KA. Development of Secreted Protein and Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Targeted Nanoparticles for the Prognostic Molecular Imaging of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2. [PMID: 22319675 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin malignancy in the United States and presents with a wide range of aggressiveness from extremely slow-growing to highly aggressive. There is a clinical need to determine the metastatic potential of the primary tumor to design the most appropriate treatment plan ranging from watchful waiting to more aggressive, invasive surgical treatments. In this study we have developed a nanoparticle based imaging agent that targets SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic Rich in Cysteine), a molecular marker of prostate cancer metastatic potential. Previous studies by this group used phage display to identify a peptide with high binding affinity and specificity for SPARC. In this study, the SPARC-targeted peptide sequence was used to design a biomaterial with improved pharmacokinetic properties by attaching it to a biocompatible nanoparticle that is also coupled to a fluorophore for in vivo imaging. Prostate cancer cell lines with varying degrees of SPARC expression were used to show the ability of the targeted nanoparticle to bind specifically to SPARC in vitro and in vivo including the clinically relevant bone and lung metastases. We show that in vivo imaging information correlates with the metastatic potential of the prostate tumor. This prognostic information could enable doctors to stratify patients and design personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Thomas
- University of Virginia, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and the Biomedical Engineering Department, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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37
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Makridakis M, Roubelakis MG, Bitsika V, Dimuccio V, Samiotaki M, Kossida S, Panayotou G, Coleman J, Candiano G, Anagnou NP, Vlahou A. Analysis of Secreted Proteins for the Study of Bladder Cancer Cell Aggressiveness. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3243-59. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Vasiliki Bitsika
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Veronica Dimuccio
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Sophia Kossida
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - George Panayotou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Jonathan Coleman
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Nikolaos P. Anagnou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece, Laboratory on Physiopathology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, and Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine
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Civelek M, Grant GR, Irolla CR, Shi C, Riley RJ, Chiesa OA, Stoeckert CJ, Karanian JW, Pritchard WF, Davies PF. Prelesional arterial endothelial phenotypes in hypercholesterolemia: universal ABCA1 upregulation contrasts with region-specific gene expression in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 298:H163-70. [PMID: 19897713 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00652.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis originates as focal arterial lesions having a predictable distribution to regions of bifurcations, branches, and inner curvatures where blood flow characteristics are complex. Distinct endothelial phenotypes correlate with regional hemodynamics. We propose that systemic risk factors modify regional endothelial phenotype to influence focal susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Transcript profiles of freshly isolated endothelial cells from three atherosusceptible and three atheroprotected arterial regions in adult swine were analyzed to determine the initial prelesional effects of hypercholesterolemia on endothelial phenotypes in vivo. Cholesterol efflux transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was upregulated at all sites in response to short-term high-fat diet. Proinflammatory and antioxidative endothelial gene expression profiles were induced in atherosusceptible and atheroprotected regions, respectively. However, markers for endoplasmic reticulum stress, a signature of susceptible endothelial phenotype, were not further enhanced by brief hypercholesterolemia. Both region-specific and ubiquitous (ABCA1) phenotype changes were identified as early prelesional responses of the endothelium to hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Civelek
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Agarwal N, Shusta EV. Multiplex expression cloning of blood-brain barrier membrane proteins. Proteomics 2009; 9:1099-108. [PMID: 19180536 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vascular endothelial interface that separates the brain interior from the bloodstream. Membrane proteins resident at the BBB play important functional and regulatory roles. The current study describes the development and successful implementation of a multiplex expression cloning (MEC) method to allow facile identification of BBB membrane proteins. The overriding goal of the MEC approach was to mine a BBB cDNA library and selectively isolate membrane protein-encoding cDNAs. This selection process was achieved via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of cDNA-expressing mammalian host cells for those cells that were immunolabeled with a BBB membrane protein-specific polyclonal antiserum (BMSPA). After optimization of the host cell expression system, four selection rounds allowed the isolation of a panel of 15 unique cDNAs that encoded BBB membrane proteins. The identified proteins display significant diversity in structure, function and in vivo expression levels. The MEC approach thus proved effective for conducting moderate throughput membrane proteome analyses of the BBB while limiting any biases caused by membrane protein insolubility or low in vivo expression levels that can complicate other proteomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Agarwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Sriramarao P, Bourdon MA. Melanoma Cell Invasive and Metastatic Potential Correlates with Endothelial Cell Reorganization and Tenascin Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 4:85-97. [DOI: 10.3109/10623329609024685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Liu A, Mosher DF, Murphy-Ullrich JE, Goldblum SE. The counteradhesive proteins, thrombospondin 1 and SPARC/osteonectin, open the tyrosine phosphorylation-responsive paracellular pathway in pulmonary vascular endothelia. Microvasc Res 2009; 77:13-20. [PMID: 18952113 PMCID: PMC3022346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Counteradhesive proteins are a group of genetically and structurally distinct multidomain proteins that have been grouped together for their ability to inhibit cell-substrate interactions. Three counteradhesive proteins that influence endothelial cell behavior include thrombospondin (TSP)1, (SPARC) (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine), also known as osteonectin, and tenascin. More recently, these proteins have been shown to regulate not only cell-matrix interactions but cell-cell interactions as well. TSP1 increases tyrosine phosphorylation of components of the cell-cell adherens junctions or zonula adherens (ZA) and opens the paracellular pathway in human lung microvascular endothelia. The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-repeats of TSP1 activate the (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2, and these two receptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTK)s participate in ZA protein tyrosine phosphorylation and barrier disruption in response to the TSP1 stimulus. For the barrier response to TSP1, EGFR/ErbB2 activation is necessary but insufficient. Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)mu counter-regulates phosphorylation of selected tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic domain of EGFR. Although tenascin, like TSP1, also contains EGF-like repeats and is known to activate EGFR, whether it also opens the paracellular pathway is unknown. In addition to TSP1, tenascin, and the other TSP family members, there are numerous other proteins that also contain EGF-like repeats and participate in hemostasis, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. EGFR not only responds to direct binding of EGF motif-containing ligands but can also be transactivated by a wide range of diverse stimuli. In fact, several established mediators of increased vascular permeability and/or lung injury, including thrombin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, platelet-activating factor, bradykinin, angiopoietin, and H(2)O(2), transactivate EGFR. It is conceivable that EGFR serves a pivotal signaling role in a final common pathway for the pulmonary response to selected injurious stimuli. SPARC/Osteonectin also increases tyrosine phosphorylation of ZA proteins and opens the endothelial paracellular pathway in a PTK-dependent manner. The expression of the counteradhesive proteins is increased in response to a wide range of injurious stimuli. It is likely that these same molecules participate in the host response to acute lung injury and are operative during the barrier response within the pulmonary microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguo Liu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Mucosal Biology Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Ohyashiki JH, Hamamura R, Kobayashi C, Zhang Y, Ohyashiki K. A network biology approach evaluating the anticancer effects of bortezomib identifies SPARC as a therapeutic target in adult T-cell leukemia cells. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2008; 1:85-98. [PMID: 21918608 PMCID: PMC3169936 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to identify the regulatory gene interaction of anticancer drugs on target cancer cells. Whole genome expression profiling offers promise in this regard, but can be complicated by the challenge of identifying the genes affected by hundreds to thousands of genes that induce changes in expression. A proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, could be a potential therapeutic agent in treating adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients, however, the underlying mechanism by which bortezomib induces cell death in ATL cells via gene regulatory network has not been fully elucidated. Here we show that a Bayesian statistical framework by VoyaGene(®) identified a secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene, a tumor-invasiveness related gene, as a possible modulator of bortezomib-induced cell death in ATL cells. Functional analysis using RNAi experiments revealed that inhibition of the expression SPARC by siRNA enhanced the apoptotic effect of bortezomib on ATL cells in accordance with an increase of cleaved caspase 3. Targeting SPARC may help to treat ATL patients in combination with bortezomib. This work shows that a network biology approach can be used advantageously to identify the genetic interaction related to anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko H Ohyashiki
- Intractable Immune System Disease Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hamamura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kobayashi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Zhang
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ohyashiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Frick IM, Karlsson C, Mörgelin M, Olin AI, Janjusevic R, Hammarström C, Holst E, de Château M, Björck L. Identification of a novel protein promoting the colonization and survival of Finegoldia magna, a bacterial commensal and opportunistic pathogen. Mol Microbiol 2008; 70:695-708. [PMID: 18808384 PMCID: PMC2628433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic bacteria dominate the human normal microbiota, but strikingly little is known about these commensals. Finegoldia magna is a Gram-positive anaerobe found in the skin and at other non-sterile body surfaces, but it is also an opportunistic pathogen. This study describes a novel protein designated FAF (F. magna adhesion factor) and expressed by more than 90% of F. magna isolates. The protein is present in substantial quantities at the F. magna surface but is also released from the surface. FAF forms large protein aggregates in solution and surface-associated FAF causes bacterial clumping. In skin F. magna bacteria were localized to the epidermis, where they adhere to basement membranes. FAF was found to mediate this adhesion via interactions with BM-40, a basement membrane protein. The biological significance of FAF is further underlined by the observation that it blocks the activity of LL-37, a major human antibacterial peptide. Altogether, the data demonstrate that FAF plays an important role in colonization and survival of F. magna in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga-Maria Frick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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44
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Danysh BP, Duncan MK. The lens capsule. Exp Eye Res 2008; 88:151-64. [PMID: 18773892 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The lens capsule is a modified basement membrane that completely surrounds the ocular lens. It is known that this extracellular matrix is important for both the structure and biomechanics of the lens in addition to providing informational cues to maintain lens cell phenotype. This review covers the development and structure of the lens capsule, lens diseases associated with mutations in extracellular matrix genes and the role of the capsule in lens function including those proposed for visual accommodation, selective permeability to infectious agents, and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Danysh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Abstract
Taxanes are standard treatment for metastatic breast cancer; however, the solvents used as vehicles in these formulations cause severe toxicities. The FDA recently approved a solvent-free formulation of paclitaxel for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer that utilises 130-nanometer albumin-bound (nab) technology (Abraxane; nab-paclitaxel) to circumvent the requirement for solvents. nab-Paclitaxel utilises the natural properties of albumin to reversibly bind paclitaxel, transport it across the endothelial cell and concentrate it in areas of tumour. The proposed mechanism of drug delivery involves, in part, glycoprotein 60-mediated endothelial cell transcytosis of paclitaxel-bound albumin and accumulation in the area of tumour by albumin binding to SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine). Clinical studies have shown that nab-paclitaxel is significantly more effective than paclitaxel formulated as Cremophor EL (CrEL, Taxol, CrEL-paclitaxel), with almost double the response rate, increased time to disease progression and increased survival in second-line patients. The absence of CrEL from the formulation is associated with decreased neutropenia and rapid improvement of peripheral neuropathy with nab-paclitaxel, compared with CrEL-paclitaxel. For these reasons, nab-paclitaxel can be administered using higher doses of paclitaxel than that achievable with CrEL-paclitaxel, with shorter infusion duration and without the requirement for corticosteroid and antihistamine premedication to reduce the risk of solvent-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Taken together, these studies have demonstrated that nab technology has increased the therapeutic index of paclitaxel compared with the conventional, solvent-based formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Gradishar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Chandrasekaran V, Ambati J, Ambati BK, Taylor EW. Molecular docking and analysis of interactions between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and SPARC protein. J Mol Graph Model 2007; 26:775-82. [PMID: 17560152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular module of SPARC/osteonectin binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibits VEGF-stimulated proliferation of endothelial cells. In an attempt to identify the binding site for SPARC on VEGF, we hypothesized that this binding site could overlap at least partially the binding site of VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), as SPARC acts by preventing VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR-1. To this end, a docking simulation was carried out using a predictive docking tool to obtain modeled structures of the VEGF-SPARC complex. The predicted structure of VEGF-SPARC complex indicates that the extracellular domain of SPARC interacts with the VEGFR-1 binding site of VEGF, and is consistent with known biochemical data. Following molecular dynamics refinement, side-chain interactions at the protein interface were identified that were predicted to contribute substantially to the free energy of binding. These provide a detailed prediction of key amino acid side-chain interactions at the protein-protein interface. To validate the model further, the identified interactions will be used for designing mutagenesis studies to investigate their effect on binding activity. This model of the VEGF-SPARC complex should provide a basis for future studies aimed at identifying inhibitors of VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasu Chandrasekaran
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Office of Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
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47
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Esposito I, Kayed H, Keleg S, Giese T, Helene Sage E, Schirmacher P, Friess H, Kleeff J. Tumor-suppressor function of SPARC-like protein 1/Hevin in pancreatic cancer. Neoplasia 2007; 9:8-17. [PMID: 17325739 PMCID: PMC1803032 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Revised: 11/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1), a member of the SPARC family, is downregulated in various tumors. In the present study, the expression and localization of SPARCL1 were analyzed in a wide range of nontumorous and neoplastic pancreatic tissues by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, laser capture microdissection, microarray analysis, and immunohistochemistry. For functional analysis, proliferation and invasion assays were used in cultured pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other pancreatic neoplasms exhibited increased SPARCL1 mRNA levels compared to those of the normal pancreas. SPARCL1 mRNA levels were low to absent in microdissected and cultured pancreatic cancer cells, and promoter demethylation increased SPARCL1 levels only slightly in three of eight cell lines. SPARCL1 was observed in small capillaries in areas of inflammation/tumor growth and in some islet cells. In PDAC, 15.4% of vessels were SPARCL1-positive. In contrast, the percentage of SPARCL1-positive vessels was higher in chronic pancreatitis and benign and borderline pancreatic tumors. Recombinant SPARCL1 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell invasion and exerted moderate growth-inhibitory effects. In conclusion, SPARCL1 expression in pancreatic tissues is highly correlated with level of vascularity. Its anti-invasive effects and reduced expression in metastasis indicate tumor-suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hany Kayed
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shereen Keleg
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Helene Sage
- Hope Heart Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kelly KA, Allport JR, Yu AM, Sinh S, Sage EH, Gerszten RE, Weissleder R. SPARC is a VCAM-1 counter-ligand that mediates leukocyte transmigration. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 81:748-56. [PMID: 17178915 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
VCAM-1 is a cell surface molecule, which has been shown to mediate leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and subsequent transmigration. Although VCAM-1 regulates adhesion through its interaction with VLA-4, VLA-4 does not play a role in VCAM-1-dependent diapedesis, an observation suggesting the presence of a second ligand for VCAM-1. We now report a novel interaction between VCAM-1 and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which induces actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and intercellular gaps, physiological processes known to be important for leukocyte transmigration. The binding of leukocyte-derived SPARC to VCAM-1 was demonstrated to be necessary for leukocyte transmigration through endothelial monolayers (diapedesis) in vitro, and furthermore, SPARC null mice have abnormalities in leukocyte recruitment to the inflamed peritoneum in vivo. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of transendothelial leukocyte migration and suggest a potential, targetable interaction for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kelly
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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49
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Shen Y, Iqbal J, Xiao L, Lynch RC, Rosenwald A, Staudt LM, Sherman S, Dybkaer K, Zhou G, Eudy JD, Delabie J, McKeithan TW, Chan WC. Distinct gene expression profiles in different B-cell compartments in human peripheral lymphoid organs. BMC Immunol 2004; 5:20. [PMID: 15369600 PMCID: PMC535350 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are three major B-cell compartments in peripheral lymphoid organs: the germinal center (GC), the mantle zone (MNZ) and the marginal zone (MGZ). Unique sets of B-cells reside in these compartments, and they have specific functional roles in humoral immune response. MNZ B cells are naïve cells in a quiescent state and may participate in GC reactions upon proper stimulation. The adult splenic MGZ contains mostly memory B cells and is also known to provide a rapid response to particulate antigens. The GC B-cells proliferate rapidly and undergo selection and affinity maturation. The B-cell maturational process is accompanied by changes in the expression of cell-surface and intracellular proteins and requires signals from the specialized microenvironments. Results We performed laser microdissection of the three compartments for gene expression profiling by cDNA microarray. The transcriptional program of the GC was dominated by upregulation of genes associated with proliferation and DNA repair or recombination. The MNZ and MGZ showed increased expression of genes promoting cellular quiescence. The three compartments also revealed distinct repertoires of apoptosis-associated genes, chemokines and chemokine receptors. The MNZ and GC showed upregulation of CCL20 and CCL18 respectively. The MGZ was characterized by high expression of many chemokines genes e.g. CXCL12, CCL3, CCL14 and IFN-associated genes, consistent with its role in rapid response to infections. A stromal signature was identified including genes associated with macrophages or with synthesis of extracellular matrix and genes that influenced lymphocyte migration and survival. Differentially expressed genes that did not belong to the above categories include the well characterized BCL6 and CD10 and many others whose function is not known. Conclusions Transcriptional profiling of B-cell compartments has identified groups of genes involved in critical molecular and cellular events that affect proliferation, survival migration, and differentiation of the cells. The gene expression study of normal B-cell compartments may additionally contribute to our understanding of the molecular abnormalities of the corresponding lymphoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Shen
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ryan C Lynch
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Louis M Staudt
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon Sherman
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Karen Dybkaer
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Guimei Zhou
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James D Eudy
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jan Delabie
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Timothy W McKeithan
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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50
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Yates KE. Inferred functions of "novel" genes identified in fibroblasts chondroinduced by demineralized bone. DNA Cell Biol 2004; 23:15-24. [PMID: 14965469 DOI: 10.1089/104454904322745899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the cellular mechanisms that control postnatal chondrocyte differentiation. As a first step towards identifying those mechanisms, gene expression shifts were characterized in an in vitro model of chondroinduction. In previous studies, several functional classes of genes (cytoskeletal and matrix elements, cell adhesion proteins, peptide growth factors, and signal transduction proteins) were found to be altered in human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) cultured in porous collagen sponges with chondroinductive demineralized bone powder (DBP) for 3 days. In addition, a number of "novel" sequences were identified. In this study, molecular techniques were combined with computational methods to characterize those sequences. Gene expression of all 10 novel sequences tested was found in hDFs by RT-PCR. The sequences were compared to the human genome, and their cellular functions were inferred from genes that mapped to the same chromosomal coordinates. Only one of the novel sequences contained a protein-coding region (kinesin superfamily protein 26B). The others contained 3' untranslated (osteonectin, alpha-V integrin, RAP2B) or other untranslated regions (PTPN21, GAS6) of mRNAs. The cellular functions of the DBP-regulated genes described in this study fall into similar categories as those previously identified. These results provide new details on the cellular response of hDFs exposed to DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Yates
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Skeletal Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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