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Lu Y, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Luo M, Huang J, Liang Q, Huang L, Ouyang J, Li C, Tang N, Li Y, Kang T, Song Y, Xu X, Ye L, Zheng G, Chen C, Zhu C. Enhancement of PRMT6 binding to a novel germline GATA1 mutation associated with congenital anemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:2955-2968. [PMID: 38385251 PMCID: PMC11367199 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the master hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 are often associated with functional defects in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. In this study, we identified a novel GATA1 germline mutation (c.1162delGG, p.Leu387Leufs*62) in a patient with congenital anemia and occasional thrombocytopenia. The C-terminal GATA1, a rarely studied mutational region, undergoes frameshifting translation as a consequence of this double-base deletion mutation. To investigate the specific function and pathogenic mechanism of this mutant, in vitro mutant models of stable re-expression cells were generated. The mutation was subsequently validated to cause diminished transcriptional activity of GATA1 and defective differentiation of erythroid and megakaryocytes. Using proximity labeling and mass spectrometry, we identified selective alterations in the proximal protein networks of the mutant, revealing decreased binding to a set of normal GATA1-interaction proteins, including the essential co-factor FOG1. Notably, our findings further demonstrated enhanced recruitment of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT6, which mediates histone modification at H3R2me2a and represses transcription activity. We also found an enhanced binding of this mutant GATA1/PRMT6 complex to the transcriptional regulatory elements of GATA1's target genes. Moreover, treatment of the PRMT6 inhibitor MS023 could partially rescue the inhibited transcriptional and impaired erythroid differentiation caused by the GATA1 mutation. Taken together, our results provide molecular insights into erythropoiesis in which mutation leads to partial loss of GATA1 function, and the role of PRMT6 and its inhibitor MS023 in congenital anemia, highlighting PRMT6 binding as a negative factor of GATA1 transcriptional activity in aberrant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsi Lu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yun Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Meiling Luo
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Junbin Huang
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Lifen Huang
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Chenxin Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Nannan Tang
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yan Li
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Tingting Kang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Yujia Song
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Liping Ye
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong.
| | - Chun Chen
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong.
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong.
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St. Peter C, Hossain WA, Lovell S, Rafi SK, Butler MG. Mowat-Wilson Syndrome: Case Report and Review of ZEB2 Gene Variant Types, Protein Defects and Molecular Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2838. [PMID: 38474085 PMCID: PMC10932183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental congenital disorder associated with various defects of the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) gene. The ZEB2 gene is autosomal dominant and encodes six protein domains including the SMAD-binding protein, which functions as a transcriptional corepressor involved in the conversion of neuroepithelial cells in early brain development and as a mediator of trophoblast differentiation. This review summarizes reported ZEB2 gene variants, their types, and frequencies among the 10 exons of ZEB2. Additionally, we summarized their corresponding encoded protein defects including the most common variant, c.2083 C>T in exon 8, which directly impacts the homeodomain (HD) protein domain. This single defect was found in 11% of the 298 reported patients with MWS. This review demonstrates that exon 8 encodes at least three of the six protein domains and accounts for 66% (198/298) of the variants identified. More than 90% of the defects were due to nonsense or frameshift changes. We show examples of protein modeling changes that occurred as a result of ZEB2 gene defects. We also report a novel pathogenic variant in exon 8 in a 5-year-old female proband with MWS. This review further explores other genes predicted to be interacting with the ZEB2 gene and their predicted gene-gene molecular interactions with protein binding effects on embryonic multi-system development such as craniofacial, spine, brain, kidney, cardiovascular, and hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline St. Peter
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (C.S.P.); (W.A.H.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Waheeda A. Hossain
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (C.S.P.); (W.A.H.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA;
| | - Syed K. Rafi
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (C.S.P.); (W.A.H.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Merlin G. Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (C.S.P.); (W.A.H.); (S.K.R.)
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3
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Lee PJ, Soares AR, Sun Y, Fai C, Picciotto MR, Guo JU. Alternative translation initiation produces synaptic organizer proteoforms with distinct localization and functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.16.580719. [PMID: 38405936 PMCID: PMC10888845 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.580719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
While previous studies suggest that many mRNAs contain more than one translation initiation site (TIS), the biological significance of most alternative TISs and their corresponding protein isoforms (proteoforms) remains undetermined. Here we show that alternative translation initiation at a CUG and an AUG TIS in neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR) mRNA produces two proteoforms, and their relative abundance is regulated by both neuronal activity as well as an adjacent RNA secondary structure. Downstream AUG initiation transforms the N-terminal transmembrane domain into a signal peptide, thereby converting NPR to a secreted factor sufficient to promote synaptic clustering of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Changing the relative proteoform ratio, but not the overall NPR abundance reduces AMPA receptor in parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons and induces changes in learning behaviors in mice. In addition to NPR, N-terminal extensions of C1q-like synaptic organizers, mediated by upstream AUU start codons, anchor these otherwise secreted factors to the membrane. Thus, our results uncovered the plasticity of N-terminal signal sequences regulated by alternative TIS usage as a widespread mechanism to diversify protein localization and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jongseo Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alexa R. Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Caroline Fai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Junjie U. Guo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Xie Y, Chan PL, Kwan HS, Chang J. The Genome-Wide Characterization of Alternative Splicing and RNA Editing in the Development of Coprinopsis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:915. [PMID: 37755023 PMCID: PMC10532568 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coprinopsis cinerea is one of the model species used in fungal developmental studies. This mushroom-forming Basidiomycetes fungus has several developmental destinies in response to changing environments, with dynamic developmental regulations of the organism. Although the gene expression in C. cinerea development has already been profiled broadly, previous studies have only focused on a specific stage or process of fungal development. A comprehensive perspective across different developmental paths is lacking, and a global view on the dynamic transcriptional regulations in the life cycle and the developmental paths is far from complete. In addition, knowledge on co- and post-transcriptional modifications in this fungus remains rare. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional changes and modifications in C. cinerea during the processes of spore germination, vegetative growth, oidiation, sclerotia formation, and fruiting body formation by inducing different developmental paths of the organism and profiling the transcriptomes using the high-throughput sequencing method. Transition in the identity and abundance of expressed genes drive the physiological and morphological alterations of the organism, including metabolism and multicellularity construction. Moreover, stage- and tissue-specific alternative splicing and RNA editing took place and functioned in C. cinerea. These modifications were negatively correlated to the conservation features of genes and could provide extra plasticity to the transcriptome during fungal development. We suggest that C. cinerea applies different molecular strategies in its developmental regulation, including shifts in expressed gene sets, diversifications of genetic information, and reversible diversifications of RNA molecules. Such features would increase the fungal adaptability in the rapidly changing environment, especially in the transition of developmental programs and the maintenance and balance of genetic and transcriptomic divergence. The multi-layer regulatory network of gene expression serves as the molecular basis of the functioning of developmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Food Research Center, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Po-Lam Chan
- Food Research Center, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi-Shan Kwan
- Food Research Center, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinhui Chang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, and Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Bogaert A, Fijalkowska D, Staes A, Van de Steene T, Vuylsteke M, Stadler C, Eyckerman S, Spirohn K, Hao T, Calderwood MA, Gevaert K. N-terminal proteoforms may engage in different protein complexes. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301972. [PMID: 37316325 PMCID: PMC10267514 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative translation initiation and alternative splicing may give rise to N-terminal proteoforms, proteins that differ at their N-terminus compared with their canonical counterparts. Such proteoforms can have altered localizations, stabilities, and functions. Although proteoforms generated from splice variants can be engaged in different protein complexes, it remained to be studied to what extent this applies to N-terminal proteoforms. To address this, we mapped the interactomes of several pairs of N-terminal proteoforms and their canonical counterparts. First, we generated a catalogue of N-terminal proteoforms found in the HEK293T cellular cytosol from which 22 pairs were selected for interactome profiling. In addition, we provide evidence for the expression of several N-terminal proteoforms, identified in our catalogue, across different human tissues, as well as tissue-specific expression, highlighting their biological relevance. Protein-protein interaction profiling revealed that the overlap of the interactomes for both proteoforms is generally high, showing their functional relation. We also showed that N-terminal proteoforms can be engaged in new interactions and/or lose several interactions compared with their canonical counterparts, thus further expanding the functional diversity of proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Bogaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daria Fijalkowska
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Van de Steene
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Charlotte Stadler
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Science for Life Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Eyckerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kerstin Spirohn
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tong Hao
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Calderwood
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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A decoupled Virotrap approach to study the interactomes of N-terminal proteoforms. Methods Enzymol 2023; 684:253-287. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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7
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Davenport P, Liu ZJ, Sola-Visner M. Fetal vs adult megakaryopoiesis. Blood 2022; 139:3233-3244. [PMID: 35108353 PMCID: PMC9164738 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal and neonatal megakaryocyte progenitors are hyperproliferative compared with adult progenitors and generate a large number of small, low-ploidy megakaryocytes. Historically, these developmental differences have been interpreted as "immaturity." However, more recent studies have demonstrated that the small, low-ploidy fetal and neonatal megakaryocytes have all the characteristics of adult polyploid megakaryocytes, including the presence of granules, a well-developed demarcation membrane system, and proplatelet formation. Thus, rather than immaturity, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis reflect a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation, which allows fetuses and neonates to populate their rapidly expanding bone marrow and blood volume. At the molecular level, the features of fetal and neonatal megakaryopoiesis are the result of a complex interplay of developmentally regulated pathways and environmental signals from the different hematopoietic niches. Over the past few years, studies have challenged traditional paradigms about the origin of the megakaryocyte lineage in both fetal and adult life, and the application of single-cell RNA sequencing has led to a better characterization of embryonic, fetal, and adult megakaryocytes. In particular, a growing body of data suggests that at all stages of development, the various functions of megakaryocytes are not fulfilled by the megakaryocyte population as a whole, but rather by distinct megakaryocyte subpopulations with dedicated roles. Finally, recent studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms underlying developmental disorders of megakaryopoiesis, which either uniquely affect fetuses and neonates or have different clinical presentations in neonatal compared with adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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8
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Sanchez-Villalobos M, Blanquer M, Moraleda JM, Salido EJ, Perez-Oliva AB. New Insights Into Pathophysiology of β-Thalassemia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:880752. [PMID: 35492364 PMCID: PMC9041707 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.880752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a disease caused by genetic mutations including a nucleotide change, small insertions or deletions in the β-globin gene, or in rare cases, gross deletions into the β-globin gene. These mutations affect globin-chain subunits within the hemoglobin tetramer what induces an imbalance in the α/β-globin chain ratio, with an excess of free α-globin chains that triggers the most important pathogenic events of the disease: ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic anemia/chronic hypoxia, compensatory hemopoietic expansion and iron overload. Based on advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia, in recent years, emerging therapies and clinical trials are being conducted and are classified into three major categories based on the different approach features of the underlying pathophysiology: correction of the α/β-globin disregulation; improving iron overload and reverse ineffective erythropoiesis. However, pathways such as the dysregulation of transcriptional factors, activation of the inflammasome, or approach to mechanisms of bone mineral loss, remain unexplored for future therapeutic targets. In this review, we update the main pathophysiological pathways involved in β-thalassemia, focusing on the development of new therapies directed at new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose M Moraleda
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo J Salido
- Hematology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana B Perez-Oliva
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain.,Centro de Investigaci3n Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Gupte A, Al-Antary ET, Edwards H, Ravindranath Y, Ge Y, Taub JW. The Paradox of Myeloid Leukemia Associated with Down Syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115046. [PMID: 35483417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome constitute a distinct genetic population who has a greater risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to their non-Down syndrome counterparts. The risk for developing solid tumors is also distinct from the non-Down syndrome population. In the case of myeloid leukemias, the process of leukemogenesis in Trisomy 21 begins in early fetal life where genetic drivers including GATA1 mutations lead to the development of the preleukemic condition, transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). Various other mutations in genes encoding cohesin, epigenetic regulators and RAS pathway can result in subsequent progression to Myeloid Leukemia associated with Down Syndrome (ML-DS). The striking paradoxical feature in the Down syndrome population is that even though there is a higher predisposition to developing AML, they are also very sensitive to chemotherapy agents, particularly cytarabine, thus accounting for the very high cure rates for ML-DS compared to AML in children without Down syndrome. Current clinical trials for ML-DS attempt to balance effective curative therapies while trying to reduce treatment-associated toxicities including infections by de-intensifying chemotherapy doses, if possible. The small proportion of patients with relapsed ML-DS have an extremely poor prognosis and require the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Gupte
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eman T Al-Antary
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Discipline of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, Michigan, USA.
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10
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Fernández E, Bogaert A, Timmerman E, Staes A, Impens F, Gevaert K. A Strong Cation Exchange Chromatography Protocol for Examining N-Terminal Proteoforms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2477:293-309. [PMID: 35524124 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2257-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Especially in eukaryotes, the N-terminal acetylation status of a protein reveals translation initiation sites and substrate specificities and activities of N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs). Here, we discuss a bottom-up proteomics protocol for the enrichment of N-terminal peptides via strong cation exchange chromatography. This protocol is based on depleting internal tryptic peptides from proteome digests through their retention on strong cation exchangers, leaving N-terminally acetylated/blocked peptides enriched among the nonretained peptides. As such, one can identify novel N-terminal proteoforms and quantify the degree of N-terminal protein acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Fernández
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bogaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Timmerman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Mizuta S, Yamane N, Mononobe S, Watanabe A, Kitamura R, Takahara T, Matsushima C, Yoshida A, Okamoto S, Tanaka K, Iwai A, Ikegawa A, Wada T, Usami I, Maihara T, Komai T, Heike T, Nishida Y, Kobayashi K. Sensitive detection of GATA1 mutations using complementary DNA-based analysis for transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with the Down syndrome. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 44:349-355. [PMID: 34761527 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA1 mutation plays an important role in initiating transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and in the clonal evolution towards acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (AMKL) associated with Down syndrome (DS). This study aimed to develop and validate the clinical utility of a complementary DNA (cDNA) analysis in parallel with the conventional genomic DNA (gDNA) Sanger sequencing (Ss), as an initial screening test for GATA1 mutations. METHODS GATA1 mutations were evaluated using both gDNA and cDNA in 14 DS patients using Ss and fragment analysis (FA), respectively. RESULTS The detection sensitivity of conventional gDNA sequencing was limited in low blast percentage TAM (LBP-TAM); however, cDNA-based Ss readily detected all the pathognomonic GATA1 mutations. The cDNA-based FA readily detected GATA1 frameshift mutation with a reliable sensitivity ranging from 0.005% to 0.01% of clonal cells. CONCLUSIONS GATA1 mutations are heterogeneous; therefore, we would like to propose a dual cDNA and gDNA analysis as a standard diagnostic approach, especially for LBP-TAM. cDNA-based FA promises an excellent sensitivity for detecting frameshift GATA1 mutations in the longitudinal clonal evolution towards AMKL without using a patient specific primer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Mizuta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamane
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Saya Mononobe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Asami Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Kitamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Tadamori Takahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsushima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Atushi Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Seiji Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahito Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuya Usami
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiro Maihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Takao Komai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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de Castro CPM, Cadefau M, Cuartero S. The Mutational Landscape of Myeloid Leukaemia in Down Syndrome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4144. [PMID: 34439298 PMCID: PMC8394284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are particularly prone to haematopoietic disorders. Paediatric myeloid malignancies in DS occur at an unusually high frequency and generally follow a well-defined stepwise clinical evolution. First, the acquisition of mutations in the GATA1 transcription factor gives rise to a transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in DS newborns. While this condition spontaneously resolves in most cases, some clones can acquire additional mutations, which trigger myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS). These secondary mutations are predominantly found in chromatin and epigenetic regulators-such as cohesin, CTCF or EZH2-and in signalling mediators of the JAK/STAT and RAS pathways. Most of them are also found in non-DS myeloid malignancies, albeit at extremely different frequencies. Intriguingly, mutations in proteins involved in the three-dimensional organization of the genome are found in nearly 50% of cases. How the resulting mutant proteins cooperate with trisomy 21 and mutant GATA1 to promote ML-DS is not fully understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about the sequential acquisition of genomic alterations in ML-DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cadefau
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.P.M.d.C); (M.C.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergi Cuartero
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (C.P.M.d.C); (M.C.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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13
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Barabino SML, Citterio E, Ronchi AE. Transcription Factors, R-Loops and Deubiquitinating Enzymes: Emerging Targets in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153753. [PMID: 34359655 PMCID: PMC8345071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The advent of DNA massive sequencing technologies has allowed for the first time an extensive look into the heterogeneous spectrum of genes and mutations underpinning myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we wish to explore the most recent advances and the rationale for the potential therapeutic interest of three main actors in myelo-leukemic transformation: transcription factors that govern myeloid differentiation; RNA splicing factors, which ensure proper mRNA maturation and whose mutations increase R-loops formation; and deubiquitinating enzymes, which contribute to genome stability in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Abstract Myeloid neoplasms encompass a very heterogeneous family of diseases characterized by the failure of the molecular mechanisms that ensure a balanced equilibrium between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renewal and the proper production of differentiated cells. The origin of the driver mutations leading to preleukemia can be traced back to HSC/progenitor cells. Many properties typical to normal HSCs are exploited by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) to their advantage, leading to the emergence of a clonal population that can eventually progress to leukemia with variable latency and evolution. In fact, different subclones might in turn develop from the original malignant clone through accumulation of additional mutations, increasing their competitive fitness. This process ultimately leads to a complex cancer architecture where a mosaic of cellular clones—each carrying a unique set of mutations—coexists. The repertoire of genes whose mutations contribute to the progression toward leukemogenesis is broad. It encompasses genes involved in different cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, epigenetics (DNA and histones modifications), DNA damage signaling and repair, chromosome segregation and replication (cohesin complex), RNA splicing, and signal transduction. Among these many players, transcription factors, RNA splicing proteins, and deubiquitinating enzymes are emerging as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The N-terminus of a protein can encode several protein features, including its half-live and its localization. As the proteomics field remains dominated by bottom-up approaches and as N-terminal peptides only account for a fraction of all analyzable peptides, there is a need for their enrichment prior to analysis. COFRADIC, TAILS, and the subtiligase method were among the first N-terminomics methods developed, and several variants and novel methods were introduced that often reduce processing time and/or the amount of material required. AREAS COVERED We present an overview of how the field of N-terminomics developed, including a discussion of the founding methods, several updates made to these and introduce newer methods such as TMPP-labeling, biotin-based methods besides some necessary improvements in data analysis. EXPERT OPINION N-terminomic methods remain being used and improved methods are published however, more efficient use of contemporary mass spectrometers, promising data-independent approaches, and mass spectrometry-free single peptide or protein sequences may threat the N-terminomics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Bogaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Davenport P, Liu ZJ, Sola-Visner M. Changes in megakaryopoiesis over ontogeny and their implications in health and disease. Platelets 2020; 31:692-699. [PMID: 32200697 PMCID: PMC8006558 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1742879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research has made it increasingly clear that there are substantial biological differences between fetal/neonatal and adult megakaryopoiesis. Over the last decade, studies revealed a developmentally unique uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and cytoplasmic maturation in neonatal MKs that results in the production of large numbers of small, low ploidy, but mature MKs during this period of development, and identified substantial molecular differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs. This review will summarize our current knowledge on the developmental differences between fetal/neonatal and adult MKs, and recent advances in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, including newly described developmentally regulated pathways and miRNAs. We will also discuss the implications of these findings on the ways MKs interact with the environment, the response of neonates to thrombocytopenia, the pathogenesis of Down syndrome-transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), and the developmental stage specific-manifestations of congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Davenport
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Jian Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Roulis E, Schoeman E, Hobbs M, Jones G, Burton M, Pahn G, Liew YW, Flower R, Hyland C. Targeted exome sequencing designed for blood group, platelet, and neutrophil antigen investigations: Proof-of-principle study for a customized single-test system. Transfusion 2020; 60:2108-2120. [PMID: 32687227 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohematology reference laboratories provide red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT), and neutrophil typing to resolve complex cases, using serology and commercial DNA tests that define clinically important antigens. Broad-range exome sequencing panels that include blood group targets provide accurate blood group antigen predictions beyond those defined by serology and commercial typing systems and identify rare and novel variants. The aim of this study was to design and assess a panel for targeted exome sequencing of RBC, PLT, and neutrophil antigen-associated genes to provide a comprehensive profile in a single test, excluding unrelated gene targets. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An overlapping probe panel was designed for the coding regions of 64 genes and loci involved in gene expression. Sequencing was performed on 34 RBC and 17 PLT/neutrophil reference samples. Variant call outputs were analyzed using software to predict star allele diplotypes. Results were compared with serology and previous sequence genotyping data. RESULTS Average coverage exceeded 250×, with more than 94% of targets at Q30 quality or greater. Increased coverage revealed a variant in the Scianna system that was previously undetected. The software correctly predicted allele diplotypes for 99.5% of RBC blood groups tested and 100% of PLT and HNA antigens excepting HNA-2. Optimal throughput was 12 to 14 samples per run. CONCLUSION This single-test system demonstrates high coverage and quality, allowing for the detection of previously overlooked variants and increased sample throughput. This system has the potential to integrate genomic testing across laboratories within hematologic reference settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Roulis
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Research and Development, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizna Schoeman
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Research and Development, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg Jones
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Platelet and Granulocyte Reference Laboratory, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Burton
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Platelet and Granulocyte Reference Laboratory, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail Pahn
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Platelet and Granulocyte Reference Laboratory, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yew-Wah Liew
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Flower
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Research and Development, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Hyland
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Research and Development, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Bogaert A, Fernandez E, Gevaert K. N-Terminal Proteoforms in Human Disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:308-320. [PMID: 32001092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The collection of chemically different protein variants, or proteoforms, by far exceeds the number of protein-coding genes in the human genome. Major contributors are alternative splicing and protein modifications. In this review, we focus on those proteoforms that differ at their N termini with a molecular link to disease. We describe the main underlying mechanisms that give rise to such N-terminal proteoforms, these being splicing, initiation of protein translation, and protein modifications. Given their role in several human diseases, it is becoming increasingly clear that several of these N-terminal proteoforms may have potential as therapeutic interventions and/or for diagnosing and prognosing their associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Bogaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esperanza Fernandez
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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18
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Garnett C, Cruz Hernandez D, Vyas P. GATA1 and cooperating mutations in myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:119-130. [PMID: 31769932 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid leukaemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) is an acute megakaryoblastic/erythroid leukaemia uniquely found in children with Down syndrome (constitutive trisomy 21). It has a unique clinical course, being preceded by a pre-leukaemic condition known as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), and provides an excellent model to study multistep leukaemogenesis. Both TAM and ML-DS blasts carry acquired N-terminal truncating mutations in the erythro-megakaryocytic transcription factor GATA1. These result in exclusive production of a shorter isoform (GATA1s). The majority of TAM cases resolve spontaneously without the need for treatment; however, around 10% acquire additional cooperating mutations and transform to leukaemia, with differentiation block and clinically significant cytopenias. Transformation is driven by the acquisition of additional mutation(s), which cooperate with GATA1s to perturb normal haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Garnett
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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19
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Erwin AL, Desnick RJ. Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: Recent advances. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:288-297. [PMID: 30685241 PMCID: PMC6597325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by photosensitivity and by hematologic abnormalities in affected individuals. CEP is caused by mutations in the uroporphyrinogen synthase (UROS) gene. In three reported cases, CEP has been associated with a specific X-linked GATA1 mutation. Disease-causing mutations in either gene result in absent or markedly reduced UROS enzymatic activity. This in turn leads to the accumulation of the non-physiologic and photoreactive porphyrinogens, uroporphyrinogen I and coproporphyrinogen I, which damage erythrocytes and elicit a phototoxic reaction upon light exposure. The clinical spectrum of CEP depends on the level of residual UROS activity, which is determined by the underlying pathogenic loss-of-function UROS mutations. Disease severity ranges from non-immune hydrops fetalis in utero to late-onset disease with only mild cutaneous involvement. The clinical characteristics of CEP include exquisite photosensitivity to visible light resulting in bullous vesicular lesions which, when infected lead to progressive photomutilation of sun-exposed areas such as the face and hands. In addition, patients have erythrodontia (brownish discoloration of teeth) and can develop corneal scarring. Chronic transfusion-dependent hemolytic anemia is common and leads to bone marrow hyperplasia, which further increases porphyrin production. Management of CEP consists of strict avoidance of exposure to visible light with sun-protective clothing, sunglasses, and car and home window filters. Adequate care of ruptured vesicles and use of topical antibiotics is indicated to prevent superinfections and osteolysis. In patients with symptomatic hemolytic anemia, frequent erythrocyte cell transfusions may be necessary to suppress hematopoiesis and decrease marrow production of the phototoxic porphyrins. In severe transfection-dependent cases, bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been performed, which is curative. Therapeutic approaches including gene therapy, proteasome inhibition, and pharmacologic chaperones are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J. Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Address all Correspondence to: R. J. Desnick, PhD, MD, Dean for Genetic and Genomic Medicine Professor and Chairman Emeritus, Department of Genetic and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY 10029, Phone: (212) 659-6700 Fax: (212) 360-1809
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20
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Ling T, Crispino JD. GATA1 mutations in red cell disorders. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:106-118. [PMID: 31652397 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
GATA1 is an essential regulator of erythroid cell gene expression and maturation. In its absence, erythroid progenitors are arrested in differentiation and undergo apoptosis. Much has been learned about GATA1 function through animal models, which include genetic knockouts as well as ones with decreased levels of expression. However, even greater insights have come from the finding that a number of rare red cell disorders, including Diamond-Blackfan anemia, are associated with GATA1 mutations. These mutations affect the amino-terminal zinc finger (N-ZF) and the amino-terminus of the protein, and in both cases can alter the DNA-binding activity, which is primarily conferred by the third functional domain, the carboxyl-terminal zinc finger (C-ZF). Here we discuss the role of GATA1 in erythropoiesis with an emphasis on the mutations found in human patients with red cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Ling
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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21
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Barbarani G, Fugazza C, Strouboulis J, Ronchi AE. The Pleiotropic Effects of GATA1 and KLF1 in Physiological Erythropoiesis and in Dyserythropoietic Disorders. Front Physiol 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30809156 PMCID: PMC6379452 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the advent of new technological approaches has led to a better knowledge of the ontogeny of erythropoiesis during development and of the journey leading from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to mature red blood cells (RBCs). Our view of a well-defined hierarchical model of hematopoiesis with a near-homogeneous HSC population residing at the apex has been progressively challenged in favor of a landscape where HSCs themselves are highly heterogeneous and lineages separate earlier than previously thought. The coordination of these events is orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs) that work in a combinatorial manner to activate and/or repress their target genes. The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) has facilitated the identification of pathological mutations involving TFs underlying hematological defects. The examples of GATA1 and KLF1 presented in this review suggest that in the next few years the number of TF mutations associated with dyserythropoietic disorders will further increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Barbarani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Fugazza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - John Strouboulis
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella E Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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22
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Goyama S, Schibler J, Mulloy JC. Alternative translation initiation generates the N-terminal truncated form of RUNX1 that retains hematopoietic activity. Exp Hematol 2019; 72:27-35. [PMID: 30690039 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor RUNX1 plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis and its activity is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. However, translational control of RUNX1 expression has not been fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that RUNX1b mRNA is translated from two alternative initiation sites, Met-1 and Met-25, giving full-length RUNX1b and a shorter protein lacking the first 24 amino acids (RUNX1ΔN24). Presence/absence of strong Kozak consensus sequences around Met-1 determines which initiation site is mainly used in RUNX1b cDNA. Selective disruption of either Met-1 or Met-25 abrogates expression of the corresponding protein while facilitating the production of another protein. The RUNX1b cDNA containing 65bp natural promoter sequences mainly produces full-length RUNX1b in human cord blood cells, but disruption of Met-1 in this cDNA also induced translation from Met-25. Consistent with these data, disruption of endogenous RUNX1b around Met-1 using CRISPR/Cas9 induced selective expression of RUNX1ΔΝ24 in several leukemia cell lines. RUNX1ΔN24 protein is more stable than full-length RUNX1b and retains hematopoietic activity. We also found that FLAG-tagged full-length RUNX1 showed altered activity, indicating the influence of N-terminal FLAG-tag on RUNX1 function. The alternative translation initiation of RUNX1b may participate in fine tuning RUNX1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Goyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Janet Schibler
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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23
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Garcia-Carpizo V, Ruiz-Llorente S, Sarmentero J, Graña-Castro O, Pisano DG, Barrero MJ. CREBBP/EP300 bromodomains are critical to sustain the GATA1/MYC regulatory axis in proliferation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:30. [PMID: 29884215 PMCID: PMC5992658 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The reported antitumor activity of the BET family bromodomain inhibitors has prompted the development of inhibitors against other bromodomains. However, the human genome encodes more than 60 different bromodomains and most of them remain unexplored. Results We report that the bromodomains of the histone acetyltransferases CREBBP/EP300 are critical to sustain the proliferation of human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. EP300 is very abundant at super-enhancers in K562 and is coincident with sites of GATA1 and MYC occupancy. In accordance, CREBBP/EP300 bromodomain inhibitors interfere with GATA1- and MYC-driven transcription, causing the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The CREBBP/CBP30 bromodomain inhibitor CBP30 displaces CREBBP and EP300 from GATA1 and MYC binding sites at enhancers, resulting in a decrease in the levels of histone acetylation at these regulatory regions and consequently reduced gene expression of critical genes controlled by these transcription factors. Conclusions Our data shows that inhibition of CREBBP/EP300 bromodomains can interfere with oncogene-driven transcriptional programs in cancer cells and consequently hold therapeutic potential. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-018-0197-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Garcia-Carpizo
- CNIO-Lilly Epigenetics Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Ruiz-Llorente
- CNIO-Lilly Epigenetics Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacinto Sarmentero
- CNIO-Lilly Epigenetics Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Osvaldo Graña-Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - David G Pisano
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Barrero
- CNIO-Lilly Epigenetics Laboratory, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Abstract
Mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms and/or persistent thrombocytopenia occur in individuals with congenital disorders of platelet function and number. Apart from bleeding, these disorders are often associated with additional hematologic and clinical manifestations, including auditory, immunologic, and oncologic disease. Autosomal recessive, dominant, and X-linked inheritance patterns have been demonstrated. Precise delineation of the molecular cause of the platelet disorder can aid the pediatrician in the detection and prevention of specific disorder-associated manifestations and guide appropriate treatment and anticipatory care for the patient and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Sharma
- BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8733 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Shawn M Jobe
- Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8733 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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25
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Ling T, Crispino JD, Zingariello M, Martelli F, Migliaccio AR. GATA1 insufficiencies in primary myelofibrosis and other hematopoietic disorders: consequences for therapy. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:169-184. [PMID: 29400094 PMCID: PMC6108178 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1436965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA1, the founding member of a family of transcription factors, plays important roles in the development of hematopoietic cells of several lineages. Although loss of GATA1 has been known to impair hematopoiesis in animal models for nearly 25 years, the link between GATA1 defects and human blood diseases has only recently been realized. Areas covered: Here the current understanding of the functions of GATA1 in normal hematopoiesis and how it is altered in disease is reviewed. GATA1 is indispensable mainly for erythroid and megakaryocyte differentiation. In erythroid cells, GATA1 regulates early stages of differentiation, and its deficiency results in apoptosis. In megakaryocytes, GATA1 controls terminal maturation and its deficiency induces proliferation. GATA1 alterations are often found in diseases involving these two lineages, such as congenital erythroid and/or megakaryocyte deficiencies, including Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA), and acquired neoplasms, such as acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMKL) and the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Expert commentary: Since the first discovery of GATA1 mutations in AMKL, the number of diseases that are associated with impaired GATA1 function has increased to include DBA and MPNs. With respect to the latter, we are only just now appreciating the link between enhanced JAK/STAT signaling, GATA1 deficiency and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Ling
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D. Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, NY, USA
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26
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Cantor AB. Thrombocytopoiesis. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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27
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Smith FO, Dvorak CC, Braun BS. Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Children. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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28
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Liu C, Yu T, Xing Z, Jiang X, Li Y, Pao A, Mu J, Wallace PK, Stoica G, Bakin AV, Yu YE. Triplications of human chromosome 21 orthologous regions in mice result in expansion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors and reduction of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4773-4786. [PMID: 29435140 PMCID: PMC5797011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) frequently have hematopoietic abnormalities, including transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia which are often accompanied by acquired GATA1 mutations that produce a truncated protein, GATA1s. The mouse has been used for modeling DS based on the syntenic conservation between human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and three regions in the mouse genome located on mouse chromosome 10 (Mmu10), Mmu16 and Mmu17. To assess the impact of the dosage increase of Hsa21 gene orthologs on the hematopoietic system, we characterized the related phenotype in the Dp(10)1Yey/+;Dp(16)1Yey/+;Dp(17)1Yey/+ model which carries duplications spanning the entire Hsa21 orthologous regions on Mmu10, Mmu16 and Mmu17, and the Dp(10)1Yey/+;Dp(16)1Yey/+;Dp(17)1Yey/+;Gata1Yeym2 model which carries a Gata1s mutation we engineered. Both models exhibited anemia, macrocytosis, and myeloproliferative disorder. Similar to human DS, the megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs) and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) were significantly increased and reduced, respectively, in both models. The subsequent identification of all the aforementioned phenotypes in the Dp(16)1Yey/+ model suggests that the causative dosage sensitive gene(s) are in the Hsa21 orthologous region on Mmu16. Therefore, we reveal here for the first time that the human trisomy 21-associated major segmental chromosomal alterations in mice can lead to expanded MEP and reduced GMP populations, mimicking the dynamics of these myeloid progenitors in DS. These models will provide the critical systems for unraveling the molecular and cellular mechanism of DS-associated myeloproliferative disorder, and particularly for determining how human trisomy 21 leads to expansion of MEPs as well as how such an alteration leads to myeloproliferative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Xing
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Annie Pao
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Justin Mu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Paul K Wallace
- Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - George Stoica
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Andrei V Bakin
- Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Y Eugene Yu
- The Children's Guild Foundation Down Syndrome Research Program, Genetics and Genomics Program and Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.,Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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29
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Wang LL, Chen ZS, Zhou WD, Shu J, Wang XH, Jin R, Zhuang LL, Hoda MA, Zhang H, Zhou GP. Down-regulated GATA-1 up-regulates interferon regulatory factor 3 in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2551. [PMID: 28566697 PMCID: PMC5451405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) is widely known for its prompt response against viral infection by activating the interferon system. We previously reported that E2F1, Sp1 and Sp3 regulated transcriptional activity of IRF-3. Recently, different expression patterns of IRF-3 were found in lung cancer, leading to the alternation of the immunomodulatory function in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of IRF-3 in lung cancer has not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the characterization of IRF-3 promoter and found that GATA-1 bound to a specific domain of IRF-3 promoter in vitro and in vivo. We found elevated IRF-3 and decreased GATA-1 gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma in Oncomine database. Additionally, higher IRF-3 gene expression was observed in human lung adenocarcinoma, accompanied by aberrant GATA-1 protein expression. We further analyzed the relationship of GATA-1 and IRF-3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and found that inhibition of GATA-1 by siRNA increased the promoter activity, mRNA and protein levels of IRF-3, while over-expression of GATA-1 down-regulated IRF-3 gene expression. Taken together, we conclude that reduced GATA-1 could be responsible for the upregulation of IRF-3 in lung adenocarcinoma cells through binding with a specific domain of IRF-3 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Wang
- Dpartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zheng-Sen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Di Zhou
- Dpartment of Pediatrics, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Shu
- Department of Pediatric Respiration, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wang
- Dpartment of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Dpartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Li Zhuang
- Dpartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Dpartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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30
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Bloh KM, Bialk PA, Gopalakrishnapillai A, Kolb EA, Kmiec EB. CRISPR/Cas9-Directed Reassignment of the GATA1 Initiation Codon in K562 Cells to Recapitulate AML in Down Syndrome. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017. [PMID: 28624204 PMCID: PMC5415552 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, we have reengineered a translational start site in the GATA1 gene in K562 cells. This mutation accounts largely for the onset of myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome (ML-DS). For this reengineering, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mammalian cell lines that express truncated versions of the Gata1s protein similar to that seen in ML-DS, as determined by analyzing specific genetic alterations resulting from CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage. During this work, 73 cell lines were clonally expanded, with allelic variance analyzed. Using Tracking of Indels by DEcomposition (TIDE) and Sanger sequencing, we defined the DNA sequence and variations within each allele. We found significant heterogeneity between alleles in the same clonally expanded cell, as well as among alleles from other clonal expansions. Our data demonstrate and highlight the importance of the randomness of resection promoted by non-homologous end joining after CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage in cells undergoing genetic reengineering. Such heterogeneity must be fully characterized to predict altered functionality inside target tissues and to accurately interpret the associated phenotype. Our data suggest that in cases where the objective is to rearrange specific nucleotides to redirect gene expression in human cells, it is imperative to analyze genetic composition at the individual allelic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Bloh
- Gene Editing Institute, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health Services, Inc., Newark, DE 19713, USA; Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Pawel A Bialk
- Gene Editing Institute, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health Services, Inc., Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | | | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Eric B Kmiec
- Gene Editing Institute, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health Services, Inc., Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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31
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GATA factor mutations in hematologic disease. Blood 2017; 129:2103-2110. [PMID: 28179280 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-687889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA family proteins play essential roles in development of many cell types, including hematopoietic, cardiac, and endodermal lineages. The first three factors, GATAs 1, 2, and 3, are essential for normal hematopoiesis, and their mutations are responsible for a variety of blood disorders. Acquired and inherited GATA1 mutations contribute to Diamond-Blackfan anemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, transient myeloproliferative disorder, and a group of related congenital dyserythropoietic anemias with thrombocytopenia. Conversely, germ line mutations in GATA2 are associated with GATA2 deficiency syndrome, whereas acquired mutations are seen in myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and in blast crisis transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. The fact that mutations in these genes are commonly seen in blood disorders underscores their critical roles and highlights the need to develop targeted therapies for transcription factors. This review focuses on hematopoietic disorders that are associated with mutations in two prominent GATA family members, GATA1 and GATA2.
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32
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Conneely OM, Lydon JP, De Mayo F, O'Malley BW. Reproductive Functions of the Progesterone Receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1071557600007001s09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orla M. Conneely
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Debakey Bldg., M-513A, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | | | - Bert W. O'Malley
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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33
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Shimizu R, Yamamoto M. GATA-related hematologic disorders. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:696-705. [PMID: 27235756 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors GATA1 and GATA2 are fundamental regulators of hematopoiesis and have overlapping expression profiles. GATA2 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and early erythroid-megakaryocytic progenitors and activates a certain set of early-phase genes, including the GATA2 gene itself. GATA2 also initiates GATA1 gene expression. In contrast, GATA1 is expressed in relatively mature erythroid progenitors and facilitates the expression of genes associated with differentiation, including the GATA1 gene itself; however, GATA1 represses the expression of GATA2. Switching the GATA factors from GATA2 to GATA1 appears to be one of the key regulatory mechanisms underlying erythroid differentiation. Loss-of-function analyses using mice in vivo have indicated that GATA2 and GATA1 are functionally nonredundant and that neither can compensate for the absence of the other. However, transgenic expression of GATA2 under the transcriptional regulation of the Gata1 gene rescues lethal dyserythropoiesis in GATA1-deficient mice, illustrating that the dynamic expression profiles of these GATA factors are critically important for the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis. Analysis of naturally occurring leukemias in GATA1-knockdown mice revealed that leukemic stem cells undergo functional alterations in response to exposure to chemotherapeutic agents. This mechanism may also underlie the aggravating features of relapsing leukemias. Recent hematologic analyses have suggested that disturbances in the balance of the GATA factors are associated with specific types of hematopoietic disorders. Here, we describe GATA1- and GATA2-related hematologic diseases, focusing on the regulation of GATA factor gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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34
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Zucker J, Temm C, Czader M, Nalepa G. A Child With Dyserythropoietic Anemia and Megakaryocyte Dysplasia Due to a Novel 5'UTR GATA1s Splice Mutation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:917-21. [PMID: 26713410 PMCID: PMC5138049 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a child with dyserythropoietic anemia, thrombocytosis, functional platelet defect, and megakaryocyte dysplasia. We show that (i) this constellation of hematopoietic abnormalities was due to a germline mutation within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of globin transcription factor 1 (GATA1); (ii) the mutation impaired a 5'UTR GATA1 splicing site, with promoted production of the shortened GATA1 isoform lacking the N-terminus; and (iii) expression of the GATA1 N-terminus is restricted to erythroblasts and megakaryocytes in normal marrow, consistent with the patient's abnormal erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Our findings provide insights into the clinically relevant in vivo function of the N-terminal domain of GATA1 in human hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Zucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Bone Marrow Failure Program, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Constance Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Bone Marrow Failure Program, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,Corresponding author. Grzegorz Nalepa, Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 W. Walnut Street, R4-421, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. Phone: 317.278.9846; Fax: 317.274.0138;
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35
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Abstract
The GATA family of transcription factors consists of six proteins (GATA1-6) which are
involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. GATA1/2/3 are required
for differentiation of mesoderm and ectoderm-derived tissues, including the haematopoietic
and central nervous system. GATA4/5/6 are implicated in development and differentiation of
endoderm- and mesoderm-derived tissues such as induction of differentiation of embryonic
stem cells, cardiovascular embryogenesis and guidance of epithelial cell differentiation
in the adult.
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36
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Gawron D, Ndah E, Gevaert K, Van Damme P. Positional proteomics reveals differences in N-terminal proteoform stability. Mol Syst Biol 2016; 12:858. [PMID: 26893308 PMCID: PMC4770386 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the impact of alternative translation initiation on a proteome, we performed a proteome‐wide study on protein turnover using positional proteomics and ribosome profiling to distinguish between N‐terminal proteoforms of individual genes. By combining pulsed SILAC with N‐terminal COFRADIC, we monitored the stability of 1,941 human N‐terminal proteoforms, including 147 N‐terminal proteoform pairs that originate from alternative translation initiation, alternative splicing or incomplete processing of the initiator methionine. N‐terminally truncated proteoforms were less abundant than canonical proteoforms and often displayed altered stabilities, likely attributed to individual protein characteristics, including intrinsic disorder, but independent of N‐terminal amino acid identity or truncation length. We discovered that the removal of initiator methionine by methionine aminopeptidases reduced the stability of processed proteoforms, while susceptibility for N‐terminal acetylation did not seem to influence protein turnover rates. Taken together, our findings reveal differences in protein stability between N‐terminal proteoforms and point to a role for alternative translation initiation and co‐translational initiator methionine removal, next to alternative splicing, in the overall regulation of proteome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gawron
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elvis Ndah
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Lab of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Cantor
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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38
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Chlon TM, McNulty M, Goldenson B, Rosinski A, Crispino JD. Global transcriptome and chromatin occupancy analysis reveal the short isoform of GATA1 is deficient for erythroid specification and gene expression. Haematologica 2015; 100:575-84. [PMID: 25682601 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
GATA1 is a master transcriptional regulator of the differentiation of several related myeloid blood cell types, including erythrocytes and megakaryocytes. Germ-line mutations that cause loss of full length GATA1, but allow for expression of the short isoform (GATA1s), are associated with defective erythropoiesis in a subset of patients with Diamond Blackfan Anemia. Despite extensive studies of GATA1s in megakaryopoiesis, the mechanism by which GATA1s fails to support normal erythropoiesis is not understood. In this study, we used global gene expression and chromatin occupancy analysis to compare the transcriptional activity of GATA1s to GATA1. We discovered that compared to GATA1, GATA1s is less able to activate the erythroid gene expression program and terminal differentiation in cells with dual erythroid-megakaryocytic differentiation potential. Moreover, we found that GATA1s bound to many of its erythroid-specific target genes less efficiently than full length GATA1. These results suggest that the impaired ability of GATA1s to promote erythropoiesis in DBA may be caused by failure to occupy erythroid-specific gene regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Chlon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Present address Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maureen McNulty
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin Goldenson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Rosinski
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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39
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Byrska-Bishop M, VanDorn D, Campbell AE, Betensky M, Arca PR, Yao Y, Gadue P, Costa FF, Nemiroff RL, Blobel GA, French DL, Hardison RC, Weiss MJ, Chou ST. Pluripotent stem cells reveal erythroid-specific activities of the GATA1 N-terminus. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:993-1005. [PMID: 25621499 DOI: 10.1172/jci75714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline GATA1 mutations that result in the production of an amino-truncated protein termed GATA1s (where s indicates short) cause congenital hypoplastic anemia. In patients with trisomy 21, similar somatic GATA1s-producing mutations promote transient myeloproliferative disease and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Here, we demonstrate that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with GATA1-truncating mutations exhibit impaired erythroid potential, but enhanced megakaryopoiesis and myelopoiesis, recapitulating the major phenotypes of the associated diseases. Similarly, in developmentally arrested GATA1-deficient murine megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors derived from murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs), expression of GATA1s promoted megakaryopoiesis, but not erythropoiesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed a selective deficiency in the ability of GATA1s to activate erythroid-specific genes within populations of hematopoietic progenitors. Although its DNA-binding domain was intact, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showed that GATA1s binding at specific erythroid regulatory regions was impaired, while binding at many nonerythroid sites, including megakaryocytic and myeloid target genes, was normal. Together, these observations indicate that lineage-specific GATA1 cofactor associations are essential for normal chromatin occupancy and provide mechanistic insights into how GATA1s mutations cause human disease. More broadly, our studies underscore the value of ESCs and iPSCs to recapitulate and study disease phenotypes.
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40
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Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for acute myeloid leukemias (ML-DS) characterized by mixed megakaryocytic and erythroid phenotype and by acquired mutations in the GATA1 gene resulting in a short GATA1s isoform. The chromosome 21 microRNA (miR)-125b cluster has been previously shown to cooperate with GATA1s in transformation of fetal hematopoietic progenitors. In this study, we report that the expression of miR-486-5p is increased in ML-DS compared with non-DS acute megakaryocytic leukemias (AMKLs). miR-486-5p is regulated by GATA1 and GATA1s that bind to the promoter of its host gene ANK1. miR-486-5p is highly expressed in mouse erythroid precursors and knockdown (KD) in ML-DS cells reduced their erythroid phenotype. Ectopic expression and KD of miR-486-5p in primary fetal liver hematopoietic progenitors demonstrated that miR-486-5p cooperates with Gata1s to enhance their self renewal. Consistent with its activation of AKT, overexpression and KD experiments showed its importance for growth and survival of human leukemic cells. Thus, miR-486-5p cooperates with GATA1s in supporting the growth and survival, and the aberrant erythroid phenotype of the megakaryocytic leukemias of DS.
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Parrella S, Aspesi A, Quarello P, Garelli E, Pavesi E, Carando A, Nardi M, Ellis SR, Ramenghi U, Dianzani I. Loss of GATA-1 full length as a cause of Diamond-Blackfan anemia phenotype. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1319-21. [PMID: 24453067 PMCID: PMC4684094 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1 alter the proliferation/differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors. Mutations in exon 2 interfere with the synthesis of the full-length isoform of GATA-1 and lead to the production of a shortened isoform, GATA-1s. These mutations have been found in patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a congenital erythroid aplasia typically caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins. We sequenced GATA-1 in 23 patients that were negative for mutations in the most frequently mutated DBA genes. One patient showed a c.2T > C mutation in the initiation codon leading to the loss of the full-length GATA-1 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Parrella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Aspesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Onco-Hematologic Center, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Garelli
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Pavesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Adriana Carando
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Nardi
- Onco-Hematologic Pediatric Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Steven R. Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irma Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
,Correspondence to: Irma Dianzani, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy.
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Grech G, Pollacco J, Portelli M, Sacco K, Baldacchino S, Grixti J, Saliba C. Expression of different functional isoforms in haematopoiesis. Int J Hematol 2013; 99:4-11. [PMID: 24293279 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoiesis is a complex process regulated at various levels facilitating rapid responses to external factors including stress, modulation of lineage commitment and terminal differentiation of progenitors. Although the transcription program determines the RNA pool of a cell, various mRNA strands can be obtained from the same template, giving rise to multiple protein isoforms. The majority of variants and isoforms co-occur in normal haematopoietic cells or are differentially expressed at various maturity stages of progenitor maturation and cellular differentiation within the same lineage or across lineages. Genetic aberrations or specific cellular states result in the predominant expression of abnormal isoforms leading to deregulation and disease. The presence of upstream open reading frames (uORF) in 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of a transcript, couples the utilization of start codons with the cellular status and availability of translation initiation factors (eIFs). In addition, tissue-specific and cell lineage-specific alternative promoter use, regulates several transcription factors producing transcript variants with variable 5' exons. In this review, we propose to give a detailed account of the differential isoform formation, causing haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2090, Malta,
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43
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Mukai HY, Suzuki M, Nagano M, Ohmori S, Otsuki A, Tsuchida K, Moriguchi T, Ohneda K, Shimizu R, Ohneda O, Yamamoto M. Establishment of erythroleukemic GAK14 cells and characterization of GATA1 N-terminal domain. Genes Cells 2013; 18:886-98. [PMID: 23890289 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GATA1 is a transcription factor essential for erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. It has been found that Gata1 gene knockdown heterozygous female (Gata1(G1.05/+)) mice spontaneously develop erythroblastic leukemias. In this study, we have generated a novel Gata1 knockdown erythroblastic cell line, designated GAK14, from the leukemia cells in the Gata1(G1.05/+) mice. Although GAK14 cells maintain immature phenotype on OP9 stromal cells in the presence of erythropoietin and stem cell factor, the cells produce Gr-1-, Mac1-, B220-, CD3e- or CD49b-positive hematopoietic cells when co-cultured with DAS104-8 feeder cells. However, GAK14 cells did not produce erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages, perhaps due to the absence of GATA1. Indeed, GAK14 cells became capable of differentiating into mature erythroid cells when complemented with full-length GATA1 and co-cultured with fetal liver-derived FLS5 stromal cells. This differentiation potential was impaired when GATA1 lacking the N-terminal domain was complemented. The N-terminal domain is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of transient abnormal myelopoiesis and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia related to Down syndrome. These results thus showed that GAK14 cells will serve as a powerful tool for dissecting domain function of GATA1 and that the GATA1 N-terminal domain is essential for the erythroid differentiation of GAK14 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Y Mukai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Gamis AS, Smith FO. Transient myeloproliferative disorder in children with Down syndrome: clarity to this enigmatic disorder. Br J Haematol 2012; 159:277-87. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Gamis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics; Kansas City MO USA
| | - Franklin O. Smith
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH USA
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The GATA1s isoform is normally down-regulated during terminal haematopoietic differentiation and over-expression leads to failure to repress MYB, CCND2 and SKI during erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. J Hematol Oncol 2012; 5:45. [PMID: 22853316 PMCID: PMC3476960 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-5-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although GATA1 is one of the most extensively studied haematopoietic transcription factors little is currently known about the physiological functions of its naturally occurring isoforms GATA1s and GATA1FL in humans—particularly whether the isoforms have distinct roles in different lineages and whether they have non-redundant roles in haematopoietic differentiation. As well as being of general interest to understanding of haematopoiesis, GATA1 isoform biology is important for children with Down syndrome associated acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (DS-AMKL) where GATA1FL mutations are an essential driver for disease pathogenesis. Methods Human primary cells and cell lines were analyzed using GATA1 isoform specific PCR. K562 cells expressing GATA1s or GATA1FL transgenes were used to model the effects of the two isoforms on in vitro haematopoietic differentiation. Results We found no evidence for lineage specific use of GATA1 isoforms; however GATA1s transcripts, but not GATA1FL transcripts, are down-regulated during in vitro induction of terminal megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation in the cell line K562. In addition, transgenic K562-GATA1s and K562-GATA1FL cells have distinct gene expression profiles both in steady state and during terminal erythroid differentiation, with GATA1s expression characterised by lack of repression of MYB, CCND2 and SKI. Conclusions These findings support the theory that the GATA1s isoform plays a role in the maintenance of proliferative multipotent megakaryocyte-erythroid precursor cells and must be down-regulated prior to terminal differentiation. In addition our data suggest that SKI may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of children with DS-AMKL.
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The role of translation initiation regulation in haematopoiesis. Comp Funct Genomics 2012; 2012:576540. [PMID: 22649283 PMCID: PMC3357504 DOI: 10.1155/2012/576540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisation of RNAs into functional subgroups that are translated in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors underlines a relatively unexplored gene expression modulation that drives cell fate in the same manner as regulation of the transcriptome by transcription factors. Recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses and haematological disorders indicate clearly that the regulation of mRNA translation at the level of translation initiation, mRNA stability, and protein isoform synthesis is implicated in the tight regulation of gene expression. This paper outlines how these posttranscriptional control mechanisms, including control at the level of translation initiation factors and the role of RNA binding proteins, affect hematopoiesis. The clinical relevance of these mechanisms in haematological disorders indicates clearly the potential therapeutic implications and the need of molecular tools that allow measurement at the level of translational control. Although the importance of miRNAs in translation control is well recognised and studied extensively, this paper will exclude detailed account of this level of control.
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Laurent B, Randrianarison-Huetz V, Frisan E, Andrieu-Soler C, Soler E, Fontenay M, Dusanter-Fourt I, Duménil D. A short Gfi-1B isoform controls erythroid differentiation by recruiting the LSD1-CoREST complex through the dimethylation of its SNAG domain. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:993-1002. [PMID: 22399799 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.095877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gfi-1B is a transcriptional repressor essential for the regulation of erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Here we identify Gfi-1B p32, a Gfi-1B isoform, as essential for erythroid differentiation. Gfi-1B p32 is generated by alternative splicing and lacks the two first zinc finger domains of the protein. Selective knock down of Gfi-1B p32 compromises erythroid differentiation, whereas its ectopic expression induces erythropoiesis in the absence of erythropoietin. Gfi-1B p32 isoform binds to Gfi-1B target gene promoters and associates with the LSD1-CoREST repressor complex more efficiently than the major Gfi-1B p37 isoform. Furthermore, we show that Gfi-1B includes a KSKK motif in its SNAG domain, which recruits the repressor complex only when dimethylated on lysine 8. Mutation of lysine 8 prevents Gfi-1B p32-induced erythroid development. Our results thus highlight a key role for the alternatively spliced Gfi-1B p32 isoform in erythroid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Laurent
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
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Developmental differences in megakaryocytopoiesis are associated with up-regulated TPO signaling through mTOR and elevated GATA-1 levels in neonatal megakaryocytes. Blood 2011; 117:4106-17. [PMID: 21304100 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-293092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple observations support the existence of developmental differences in megakaryocytopoiesis. We have previously shown that neonatal megakaryocyte (MK) progenitors are hyperproliferative and give rise to MKs smaller and of lower ploidy than adult MKs. Based on these characteristics, neonatal MKs have been considered immature. The molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are unclear, but contribute to the pathogenesis of disorders of neonatal megakaryocytopoiesis. In the present study, we demonstrate that low-ploidy neonatal MKs, contrary to traditional belief, are more mature than adult low-ploidy MKs. These mature MKs are generated at a 10-fold higher rate than adult MKs, and result from a developmental uncoupling of proliferation, polyploidization, and terminal differentiation. This pattern is associated with up-regulated thrombopoietin (TPO) signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and elevated levels of full-length GATA-1 and its targets. Blocking of mTOR with rapamycin suppressed the maturation of neonatal MKs without affecting ploidy, in contrast to the synchronous inhibition of polyploidization and cytoplasmic maturation in adult MKs. We propose that these mechanisms allow fetuses/neonates to populate their rapidly expanding bone marrow and intravascular spaces while maintaining normal platelet counts, but also set the stage for disorders restricted to fetal/neonatal MK progenitors, including the Down syndrome-transient myeloproliferative disorder and the thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome.
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49
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Down syndrome and GATA1 mutations in transient abnormal myeloproliferative disorder: mutation classes correlate with progression to myeloid leukemia. Blood 2010; 116:4631-8. [PMID: 20729467 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-282426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty percent to 30% of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) observed in newborns with Down syndrome (DS) develop myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). Most cases of TAM carry somatic GATA1 mutations resulting in the exclusive expression of a truncated protein (GATA1s). However, there are no reports on the expression levels of GATA1s in TAM blasts, and the risk factors for the progression to ML-DS are unidentified. To test whether the spectrum of transcripts derived from the mutant GATA1 genes affects the expression levels, we classified the mutations according to the types of transcripts, and investigated the modalities of expression by in vitro transfection experiments using GATA1 expression constructs harboring mutations. We show here that the mutations affected the amount of mutant protein. Based on our estimates of GATA1s protein expression, the mutations were classified into GATA1s high and low groups. Phenotypic analyses of 66 TAM patients with GATA1 mutations revealed that GATA1s low mutations were significantly associated with a risk of progression to ML-DS (P < .001) and lower white blood cell counts (P = .004). Our study indicates that quantitative differences in mutant protein levels have significant effects on the phenotype of TAM and warrants further investigation in a prospective study.
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50
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Fromental-Ramain C, Taquet N, Ramain P. Transcriptional interactions between the pannier isoforms and the cofactor U-shaped during neural development in Drosophila. Mech Dev 2010; 127:442-57. [PMID: 20709169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pannier (pnr) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes two isoforms that belong to the family of GATA transcription factors. The isoforms share an expression domain in the wing discs where they exhibit distinct functions during regulation of the proneural achaete/scute (ac/sc) genes. We previously identified two regions in the pnr locus that drive reporter expression in transgenic lines in patterns that recapitulate the essential features of expression of the two isoforms. Here, we identify promoter regions driving isoform expression, showing that pnr-α regulatory sequences are close to the transcription start site while pnr-β expression requires functional interactions between proximal and distal regulatory elements. We find that the promoter domains necessary for reporter expression also mediate autoregulation of Pnr-β and repression of pnr-α by Pnr-β. The cofactor U-shaped (Ush), which is known to down-regulate the function of Pnr during thorax patterning postranscriptionally, in addition represses pnr-β required for ac/sc activation. Moreover, Ush negatively regulates its own expression, while the pnr isoforms positively regulate ush. Our study uncovers complex transcriptional interactions between the pnr isoforms and the cofactor Ush that may be important for regulation of proneural expression and thorax patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fromental-Ramain
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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