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Guo Z, Jing X, Sun X, Sun S, Yang Y, Cao Y. Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01160. [PMID: 39051171 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs), which mainly target the vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling pathway, have become a therapeutic option for cancer patients for two decades. During this period, tremendous clinical experience of anti-angiogenic therapy has been acquired, new AADs have been developed, and the clinical indications for AAD treatment of various cancers have been expanded using monotherapy and combination therapy. However, improvements in the therapeutic outcomes of clinically available AADs and the development of more effective next-generation AADs are still urgently required. This review aims to provide historical and perspective views on tumor angiogenesis to allow readers to gain mechanistic insights and learn new therapeutic development. We revisit the history of concept initiation and AAD discovery, and summarize the up-to-date clinical translation of anti-angiogenic cancer therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xu Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vison and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shishuo Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Cancer Institute, the First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Friedrich C, Neugebauer L, Zamora M, Robles JP, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Bertsch T, Triebel J. Plasmin generates vasoinhibin-like peptides by cleaving prolactin and placental lactogen. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111471. [PMID: 34601001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vasoinhibin is an antiangiogenic, profibrinolytic peptide generated by the proteolytic cleavage of the pituitary hormone prolactin by cathepsin D, matrix metalloproteinases, and bone morphogenetic protein-1. Vasoinhibin can also be generated when placental lactogen or growth hormone are enzymatically cleaved. Here, it is investigated whether plasmin cleaves human prolactin and placental lactogen to generate vasoinhibin-like peptides. Co-incubation of prolactin and placental lactogen with plasmin was performed and analyzed by gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Mass spectrometric analyses were carried out for sequence validation and precise cleavage site identification. The cleavage sites responsible for the generation of the vasoinhibin-like peptides were located at K170-E171 in prolactin and R160-T161 in placental lactogen. Various genetic variants of the human prolactin and placental lactogen genes are projected to affect proteolytic generation of the vasoinhibin-like peptides. The endogenous counterparts of the vasoinhibin-like peptides generated by plasmin may represent vasoinhibin-isoforms with inhibitory effects on vasculature and coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Friedrich
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Leon Neugebauer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Zamora
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany; Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Robles
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremberg General Hospital & Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
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3
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Wan PKT, Ryan AJ, Seymour LW. Beyond cancer cells: Targeting the tumor microenvironment with gene therapy and armed oncolytic virus. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1668-1682. [PMID: 33845199 PMCID: PMC8116634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer gene therapies are usually designed either to express wild-type copies of tumor suppressor genes or to exploit tumor-associated phenotypic changes to endow selective cytotoxicity. However, these approaches become less relevant to cancers that contain many independent mutations, and the situation is made more complex by our increased understanding of clonal evolution of tumors, meaning that different metastases and even regions of the same tumor mass have distinct mutational and phenotypic profiles. In contrast, the relatively genetically stable tumor microenvironment (TME) therefore provides an appealing therapeutic target, particularly since it plays an essential role in promoting cancer growth, immune tolerance, and acquired resistance to many therapies. Recently, a variety of different TME-targeted gene therapy and armed oncolytic strategies have been explored, with particular success observed in strategies targeting the cancer stroma, reducing tumor vasculature, and repolarizing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we review the progress of these TME-targeting approaches and try to highlight those showing the greatest promise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- Department Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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4
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PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ANGIOSTATINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OCULAR NEOVASCULAR DISEASES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostatins comprise a group of kringle-containing proteolytically-derived fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, which act as potent inhibitory mediators of endothelial cells proliferation and migration. Angiostatins are involved in modulation of vessel growth in healthy tissues and various pathological conditions associated with aberrant neovascularization. The aim of the present paper was to summarize available information, including our own experimental data, on prospects of angiostatin application for treatment of ocular neovascular diseases (OND), focusing on retinal pathologies and corneal injury. In particular, literature data on prospective and retrospective studies, clinical trials and animal models relating to the pathophysiology, investigation and management of OND are described. Special emphasis was made on the laboratory approaches of production of different angiostatin isoforms, as well as comparison of antiangiogenic capacities of native and recombinant angiostatin polypeptides. Several studies reported that angiostatins may completely abolish pathologic angiogenesis in diabetic proliferative retinopathy without affecting normal retinal vessel development and without exhibiting adverse side effects. Angiostatins have been tested as a tool for corneal antiangiogenesis target therapy in order to manage diverse ocular surface pathological conditions induced by traumas, chemical burns, previous surgery, chronic contact lens wear, autoimmune diseases, keratitis and viral infections (herpes, COVID-19), corneal graft rejection, etc. Among all known angiostatin species, isolated K5 plasminogen fragment was shown to display the most potent inhibitory activity against proliferation of endothelial cells via triggering multiple signaling pathways, which lead to cell death and resulting angiogenesis suppression. Application of adenoviral genetic construct encoding angiostatin K5 as a promising tool for OND treatment illustrates a vivid example of upcoming revolution in local gene therapy. Further comprehensive studies are necessary to elucidate the clinical potential and optimal regimes of angiostatinbased intervention modalities for treating ocular neovascularization.
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Dual roles of endothelial FGF-2-FGFR1-PDGF-BB and perivascular FGF-2-FGFR2-PDGFRβ signaling pathways in tumor vascular remodeling. Cell Discov 2018; 4:3. [PMID: 29423271 PMCID: PMC5798893 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-017-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular cells are important cellular components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and they modulate vascular integrity, remodeling, stability, and functions. Here we show using mice models that FGF-2 is a potent pericyte-stimulating factor in tumors. Mechanistically, FGF-2 binds to FGFR2 to stimulate pericyte proliferation and orchestrates the PDGFRβ signaling for vascular recruitment. FGF-2 sensitizes the PDGFRβ signaling through increasing PDGFRβ levels in pericytes. To ensure activation of PDGFRβ, the FGF-2-FGFR1-siganling induces PDGF-BB and PDGF-DD, two ligands for PDGFRβ, in angiogenic endothelial cells. Thus, FGF-2 directly and indirectly stimulates pericyte proliferation and recruitment by modulating the PDGF-PDGFRβ signaling. Our study identifies a novel mechanism by which the FGF-2 and PDGF-BB collaboratively modulate perivascular cell coverage in tumor vessels, thus providing mechanistic insights of pericyte-endothelial cell interactions in TME and conceptual implications for treatment of cancers and other diseases by targeting the FGF-2-FGFR-pericyte axis.
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6
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A PlGF-1 Derived Peptide Inhibits Angiogenesis via HIF-1β/VEGF Pathway. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Kuo CH, Chang BI, Lee FT, Chen PK, Lee JS, Shi GY, Wu HL. Development of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2/8 Carrying Kringle Domains of Human Plasminogen for Sustained Expression and Cancer Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 26:603-13. [PMID: 25950911 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostatin and other plasminogen derivatives exhibit antitumor activities directly or indirectly, have demonstrated promising anticancer effects in preclinical studies, but have mostly failed in clinical trials partly due to their short serum half-lives. Our previous studies demonstrated that recombinant human plasminogen kringle 1-5 (K1-5) has superior antitumor activity compared with angiostatin. In addition, optimization of recombinant K1-5 with three amino acid substitutions enhances its antitumor effect. The current study was thus undertaken to evaluate prolonged expression of optimized K1-5 as cancer gene therapy. The recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector was used to express a secreted form of the optimized K1-5 (AAV-sK15tm) to improve its pharmacokinetic profile, which was considered to be the hurdle in angiostatin treatment of cancer. We successfully generated high-titer recombinant AAV vectors and observed sustained transgene expression for 567 days after a single injection of virus. The treated animals did not display any visible signs of abnormalities and showed normal serum biochemistry. The therapeutic potential of this treatment modality was demonstrated by both a strong inhibition of lung metastasis in the mouse B16F10 melanoma model and significant growth retardation of Lewis lung carcinoma xenografts in C57BL/6N mice as well as human A2058 melanoma xenografts in NOD/SCID (nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient) mice. Taken together, our results suggested that AAV-sK15tm produced long-term suppressive effects on cancer growth in vivo and should warrant serious consideration for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Ing Chang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan .,3 Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Lee
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan .,3 Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ku Chen
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shin Lee
- 4 Harvard Gene Therapy Initiative, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan .,2 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan .,3 Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan .,2 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan .,3 Cardiovascular Research Center, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan
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Yang Y, Andersson P, Hosaka K, Zhang Y, Cao R, Iwamoto H, Yang X, Nakamura M, Wang J, Zhuang R, Morikawa H, Xue Y, Braun H, Beyaert R, Samani N, Nakae S, Hams E, Dissing S, Fallon PG, Langer R, Cao Y. The PDGF-BB-SOX7 axis-modulated IL-33 in pericytes and stromal cells promotes metastasis through tumour-associated macrophages. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11385. [PMID: 27150562 PMCID: PMC4859070 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling molecules and pathways that mediate crosstalk between various tumour cellular compartments in cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. We report a mechanism of the interaction between perivascular cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in promoting metastasis through the IL-33–ST2-dependent pathway in xenograft mouse models of cancer. IL-33 is the highest upregulated gene through activation of SOX7 transcription factor in PDGF-BB-stimulated pericytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments validate that IL-33 promotes metastasis through recruitment of TAMs. Pharmacological inhibition of the IL-33–ST2 signalling by a soluble ST2 significantly inhibits TAMs and metastasis. Genetic deletion of host IL-33 in mice also blocks PDGF-BB-induced TAM recruitment and metastasis. These findings shed light on the role of tumour stroma in promoting metastasis and have therapeutic implications for cancer therapy. Elevated IL-33 levels have been correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Here the authors show in mouse tumour xenograft models that PDGF-BB produced by tumour cells induces IL-33 via Sox7 in tumour pericytes, and IL-33 promotes metastasis through its effects on tumour-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kayoko Hosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renhai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rujie Zhuang
- The TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hiromasa Morikawa
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Harald Braun
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Inflammation Research Center VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nilesh Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steen Dissing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Kawasaki Y, Yokobayashi E, Sakamoto K, Tenma E, Takaki H, Chiba Y, Otashiro T, Ishihara M, Yonezawa S, Sugiyama A, Natori Y. Angiostatin prevents IL-1β-induced down-regulation of eNOS expression by inhibiting the NF-κB cascade. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:200-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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10
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. [Role of angiostatins in diabetic complications]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:41-56. [PMID: 25762598 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is regulated by a number of factors of peptide nature. Disbalance of angiogenic system appears to be the major causative factor contributing vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus, resulting in various complications. Angiostatins, which are kringle-containing fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, are known to be powerful physiological inhibitors of neovascularization. In the present review, current literature data on peculiarities of production of angiostatins and their functioning at diabetes mellitus are summarized and analyzed for the first time. Also, role of angiostatins in the pathogenesis of typical diabetic complications, including retinopathies, nephropathies and cardiovascular diseases, is discussed. Data presented in this review may be useful for elaboration of novel effective approaches for diagnostics and therapy of vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.
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Wang CY, Bai XY, Wang CH. Traditional Chinese medicine: a treasured natural resource of anticancer drug research and development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:543-59. [PMID: 24871650 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To discover and develop novel natural compounds, active ingredients, single herbs and combination formulas or prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with therapeutic selectivity that can preferentially kill cancer cells and inhibit the amplification of cancer without significant toxicity is an important area in cancer therapy. A lot of valuable TCMs were applied as alternative or complementary medicines in the United States and Europe. But these TCMs, as one of the main natural resources, were widely used to research and develop new drugs in Asia. In TCMs, some specific herbs, animals, minerals and combination formulas were recorded and exploited due to their active ingredients and specific natural compounds with antitumor activities. The article focused on the antitumor properties of natural compounds and combination formulas or prescriptions in TCMs, described its influence on tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and revealed its mechanisms of antitumor and inhibitory action. Among the nature compounds, triptolide, berberine, matrine, oxymatrine, kurarinone and deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) with specific molecular structures have been separated, purified, and evaluated their antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo. Cancer is a multifactorial and multistep disease, so the treatment effect of combination formulas and prescriptions in TCMs involving multi-targets and multi-signal pathways on tumor may be superior than that of agents targeting a single molecular target alone. Shi Quan Da Bu Tang and Yanshu injection, as well known combination formulas and prescriptions in TCMs, have shown an excellent therapeutic effect on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
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12
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Aisina RB, Mukhametova LI. Structure and function of plasminogen/plasmin system. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 40:642-57. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014060028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Plasmid transfer of plasminogen K1-5 reduces subcutaneous hepatoma growth by affecting inflammatory factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:656527. [PMID: 24895598 PMCID: PMC4034484 DOI: 10.1155/2014/656527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that plasminogen K1-5 (PlgK1-5) directly affects tumour cells and inflammation. Therefore, we analysed if PlgK1-5 has immediate effects on hepatoma cells and inflammatory factors in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, effects of plasmid encoding PlgK1-5 (pK1-5) on Hepa129, Hepa1-6, and HuH7 cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation as well as VEGF and TNF-alpha expression and STAT3-phosphorylation were investigated. In vivo, tumour growth, proliferation, vessel density, and effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression were examined following treatment with pK1-5. In vivo, pK1-5 halved cell viability; cell death was increased by up to 15% compared to the corresponding controls. Proliferation was not affected. VEGF, TNF-alpha, and STAT3-phosphorylation were affected following treatment with pK1-5. In vivo, ten days after treatment initiation, pK1-5 reduced subcutaneous tumour growth by 32% and mitosis by up to 77% compared to the controls. Vessel density was reduced by 50%. TNF-alpha levels in tumour and liver tissue were increased, whereas VEGF levels in tumours and livers were reduced after pK1-5 treatment. Taken together, plasmid gene transfer of PlgK1-5 inhibits hepatoma (cell) growth not only by reducing vessel density but also by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation, and triggering inflammation.
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14
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. The role of angiostatins in diabetic complications. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Human placenta mesenchymal stem cells expressing exogenous kringle1-5 protein by fiber-modified adenovirus suppress angiogenesis. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:200-8. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Wallin RPA, Sundquist VS, Bråkenhielm E, Cao Y, Ljunggren HG, Grandien A. Angiostatic effects of NK cell-derived IFN-γ counteracted by tumour cell Bcl-xL expression. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:90-7. [PMID: 24313893 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic proteins that block death receptor-mediated apoptosis favour tumour evasion of the immune system, leading to enhanced tumour progression. However, it is unclear whether blocking the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis will protect tumours from immune cell attack. Here, we report that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL , known for its ability to block the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, exerted tumour-progressive activity in a murine lymphoma model. Bcl-xL overexpressing tumours exhibited a more aggressive development than control tumours. Surprisingly, Bcl-xL protection of tumours from NK cell-mediated attack did not involve protection from NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Instead, Bcl-xL -blocked apoptosis resulting from hypoxia and/or nutrient loss associated with the inhibition of angiogenesis caused by NK cell-secreted IFN-γ. These results support the notion that NK cells may inhibit tumour growth also by mechanisms other than direct cytotoxicity. Hence, the present results unravel a pathway by which tumours with a block in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis can evade the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P A Wallin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology Tumor- and Cell- Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences, Jakarta Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia
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17
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EMARA MARWAN, ALLALUNIS-TURNER JOAN. Effect of hypoxia on angiogenesis related factors in glioblastoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1947-53. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Bian L, Ji X, Hu W. Isolation and purification of recombinant human plasminogen Kringle 5 by liquid chromatography and ammonium sulfate salting-out. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:957-65. [PMID: 24311387 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Xu Ji
- College of Life Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Wei Hu
- Emergency Department; Shaan'xi Provincial People's Hospital; Xi'an 710068 China
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Expression, purification and biological characterization of human vasostatin120–180 in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 92:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Religa P, Cao R, Religa D, Xue Y, Bogdanovic N, Westaway D, Marti HH, Winblad B, Cao Y. VEGF significantly restores impaired memory behavior in Alzheimer's mice by improvement of vascular survival. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2053. [PMID: 23792494 PMCID: PMC3690383 DOI: 10.1038/srep02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional impact of amyloid peptides (Aβs) on the vascular system is less understood despite these pathologic peptides are substantially deposited in the brain vasculature of Alzheimer's patients. Here we show substantial accumulation of Aβs 40 and 42 in the brain arterioles of Alzheimer's patients and of transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Purified Aβs 1–40 and 1–42 exhibited vascular regression activity in the in vivo animal models and vessel density was reversely correlated with numbers and sizes of amyloid plaques in human patients. A significant high number of vascular cells underwent cellular apoptosis in the brain vasculature of Alzheimer's patients. VEGF significantly prevented Aβ-induced endothelial apoptosis in vitro. Neuronal expression of VEGF in transgenic mice restored memory behavior of Alzheimer's. These findings provide conceptual implication of improvement of vascular functions as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Religa
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Herbal compound triptolide synergistically enhanced antitumor activity of vasostatin120–180. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 24:945-57. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283651862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Human plasminogen kringle 1–5 inhibits angiogenesis and induces thrombomodulin degradation in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Souza C, Carvalho L, Ferreira M, Pesquero J, Cassali G. Kint3-4 promotes apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis in solid Ehrlich Tumor. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Lin YL, Tsai MJ, Lo MJ, Chang SE, Shih YH, Lee MJ, Kuo HS, Kuo WC, Huang WC, Cheng H, Huang MC. Evaluation of the antiangiogenic effect of Kringle 1-5 in a rat glioma model. Neurosurgery 2012; 70:479-89; discussion 489-90. [PMID: 21796002 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e31822f3aea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kringle 1-5 (K1-5) is a potent antiangiogenesis factor for treating breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its use in treating brain tumors has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether K1-5 is effective at treating gliomas. METHODS The effects of K1-5 on cell morphology and cytotoxicity with or without lipopolysaccharide were tested in primary mixed neuronal-glial cultures. The antiglioma activity of K1-5 was evaluated by intra-arterial administration of K1-5 at 4 days after implantation of C6 glioma cells into the rat hippocampus. In 1 group of animals, tumor size, tumor vasculature, and tumor histology were evaluated on day 12. Animal survival was assessed in the other group. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that K1-5 did not induce cytotoxicity in neurons and glia. In vivo studies demonstrated that K1-5 reduced vessel length and vessel density and inhibited perivascular tumor invasion. In addition, K1-5 normalized vessel morphology, decreased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor, decreased tumor hypoxia, and decreased pseudopalisading necrosis. The average tumor volume was smaller in the treated than in the untreated group. Furthermore, animals treated with K1-5 survived significantly longer. CONCLUSION Kringle 1-5 effectively reduces the growth of malignant gliomas in the rat. Although still far from translation in humans, K1-5 might be a possible future alternative treatment option for patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lo Lin
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Brauer R, Beck IM, Roderfeld M, Roeb E, Sedlacek R. Matrix metalloproteinase-19 inhibits growth of endothelial cells by generating angiostatin-like fragments from plasminogen. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 12:38. [PMID: 21787393 PMCID: PMC3160879 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels from existing ones and requires degradation of the vascular basement membrane and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) in order to allow endothelial cells to migrate and invade into the surrounding tissue. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered to play a central role in the remodeling of basement membranes and ECM. However, MMPs contribute to vascular remodeling not only by degrading ECM components. Specific MMPs enhance angiogenesis via several ways; they help pericytes to detach from vessels undergoing angiogenesis, release ECM-bound angiogenic growth factors, expose cryptic pro-angiogenic integrin binding sites in the ECM, generate promigratory ECM component fragments, and cleave endothelial cell-cell adhesions. MMPs can also negatively influence the angiogenic process through generating endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors by proteolytic cleavage. Angiostatin, a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, is one of the most potent antagonists of angiogenesis that inhibits migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. Reports have shown that metalloelastase, pancreas elastase, plasmin reductase, and plasmin convert plasminogen to angiostatin. Results We report here that MMP-19 processes human plasminogen in a characteristic cleavage pattern to generate three angiostatin-like fragments with a molecular weight of 35, 38, and 42 kDa. These fragments released by MMP-19 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HMEC cells by 27% (p = 0.01) and reduced formation of capillary-like structures by 45% (p = 0.05) compared with control cells. As it is known that angiostatin blocks hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced pro-angiogenic signaling in endothelial cells due to structural similarities to HGF, we have analyzed if the plasminogen fragments generated by MMP-19 interfere with this pathway. As it involves the activation of c-met, the receptor of HGF, we could show that MMP-19-dependent processing of plasminogen decreases the phosphorylation of c-met. Conclusion Altogether, MMP-19 exhibits an anti-angiogenic effect on endothelial cells via generation of angiostatin-like fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Brauer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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26
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Aisina RB, Muhametova LI, Prisyazhnaya NV, Gulin DA, Levashov MY, Gershkovich KB. Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of angiostatin on plasminogen activation by its physiologic activators. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 37:319-26. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162011030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li Y, Sun WG, Liu HK, Qi GY, Wang Q, Sun XR, Chen BQ, Liu JR. γ-Tocotrienol inhibits angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cell induced by cancer cell. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:1127-36. [PMID: 21292465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy mediated by food components is an established strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Growth factors play critical roles in tumor angiogenesis. A conditioned medium containing growth factors from human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cell conditioned medium was used as an angiogenic stimulus in this study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of γ-tocotrienol on tumor angiogenesis. The results showed that γ-tocotrienol (10-40 μmol/L) significantly suppressed proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by SGC-7901 cell conditioned medium in a dose-dependent manner. γ-Tocotrienol (800-1200 μg/egg) also inhibited new blood vessel formation on the growing chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of γ-tocotrienol on HUVECs were correlated with inducing the apoptosis and arresting cell cycle at the G(0)/G(1) phase at a dose of 40 μmol/L γ-tocotrienol. In addition, γ-tocotrienol inhibited angiogenesis in HUVECs by down-regulation of β-catenin, cyclin D1, CD44, phospho-VEGFR-2 and MMP-9. The antiangiogenic effects of γ-tocotrienol on HUVECs may be attributable to regulation of Wnt signaling by decreasing β-catenin expression. Thus, our results suggest that γ-tocotrienol has a potential chemopreventive agent via antiangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China.
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NEGISHI Y, ENDO-TAKAHASHI Y, SUZUKI R, MARUYAMA K, ARAMAKI Y. Development of Gene Delivery System into Skeletal Muscles by Bubble Liposomes and Ultrasound. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2010; 130:1489-96. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.130.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi NEGISHI
- Department of Drug and Gene Delivery Systems, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Yoko ENDO-TAKAHASHI
- Department of Drug and Gene Delivery Systems, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Ryo SUZUKI
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Kazuo MARUYAMA
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
| | - Yukihiko ARAMAKI
- Department of Drug and Gene Delivery Systems, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Emara M, Obaid L, Johnson S, Bigam DL, Cheung PY. Angiostatins decrease in the kidney of newborn piglets after hypoxia-reoxygenation. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 644:203-8. [PMID: 20621087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the expression of kidney angiostatin in the hypoxia and reoxygenation of neonates. In this study, we compared the effect of 21% and 100% reoxygenation on kidney levels of angiostatin and its related factors in newborn piglets subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Newborn piglets were subjected to 2h hypoxia followed by 1h of reoxygenation with either 21% or 100% oxygen and observed for 4days. There were 3 isoforms (38, 43 and 50kDa) of angiostatins identified in the kidney tissue of newborn piglets with the 38kDa being the major isoform (~60%). The 38kDa, but not 43 and 50kDa, angiostatin isoform correlated significantly with the levels of total angiostatin and plasminogen (r=0.95 and r=0.58, respectively). On day 4 of recovery in 100% hypoxic-reoxygenated group, there were decreases in kidney tissue levels of plasminogen, total angiostatin, angiostatin (38 and 43kDa, but not 50kDa), whereas no significant changes were found in the 21% hypoxic-reoxygenated group when compared to the sham-operated piglets with no hypoxia-reoxygenation. Both 21% and 100% hypoxic-reoxygenated groups did not show significant changes in kidney tissue levels of 50kDa angiostatin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and HIF-1alpha. In comparison to 21% oxygen, neonatal resuscitation with 100% oxygen decreased the kidney tissue levels of plasminogen and angiostatin that may play a role in neonatal kidney injury and altered renal development in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Emara
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Pathologic angiogenesis in the eye can lead to severe visual impairment. In our review, we discuss the roles of both pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecular players in corneal angiogenesis, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, exudative macular degeneration and retinopathy of prematurity, highlighting novel targets that have emerged over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yureeda Qazi
- Department of Ophthalmology, John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT-84132, USA
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Fiber-modified adenovirus can mediate human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-based anti-angiogenic gene therapy. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1181-8. [PMID: 20424891 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A fiber-modified adenovirus (rAd5F11B), loaded with the Kringle1-5 gene (rAd-K1-5) was used to infect human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs). At a multiplicity of infection of 20, the transfection efficiency in HAMSCs was 90% and the cell expansion and differentiation of infected HAMSCs were not significantly suppressed. HAMSCs infected with rAd-K1-5 expressed the exogenous Kringle1-5 protein, an angiogenic inhibitor, and conditioned media from HAMSCs expressing the Kringle1-5 protein blocked VEGF-induced neovascularization both in vitro and in vivo. rAd5F11B may therefore be a promising gene transfer vector in HAMSCs-based anti-angiogenic gene therapy because of its low toxicity and high transfection efficiency.
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Bohnsack RN, Patel M, Olson LJ, Twining SS, Dahms NM. Residues essential for plasminogen binding by the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Biochemistry 2010; 49:635-44. [PMID: 20028034 DOI: 10.1021/bi901779p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is a multifunctional protein that binds diverse intracellular and extracellular ligands with high affinity. The CI-MPR is a receptor for plasminogen, and this interaction can be inhibited by lysine analogues. To characterize the molecular basis for this interaction, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses were performed using truncated forms of the CI-MPR and plasminogen. The results show that the N-terminal region of the CI-MPR containing domains 1 and 2, but not domain 1 alone, of the receptor's 15-domain extracytoplasmic region binds plasminogen (K(d) = 5 +/- 1 nM) with an affinity similar to that of the full-length receptor (K(d) = 20 +/- 6 nM). In addition to its C-terminal serine protease domain, plasminogen contains lysine binding sites (LBS), which are located within each of its five kringle domains, except kringle 3. We show that kringles 1-4, but not kringles 1-3, bind the CI-MPR, indicating an essential role for the LBS in kringle 4 of plasminogen. To identify the lysine residue(s) of the CI-MPR that serve(s) as an essential determinant for recognition by the LBS of plasminogen, site-directed mutagenesis studies were carried out using a construct encoding the N-terminal three domains of the CI-MPR (Dom1-3His) which contains both a mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) and plasminogen binding site. The results demonstrate two lysine residues (Lys53 located in domain 1 and Lys125 located in the loop connecting domains 1 and 2) of the CI-MPR are key determinants for plasminogen binding but are not required for Man-6-P binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Bohnsack
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of kringle 5 of human plasminogen inhibits orthotopic growth of ovarian cancer. Gene Ther 2010; 17:606-15. [PMID: 20200565 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kringle 5 (K5) of human plasminogen is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the effects of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of K5 in mouse models of human ovarian cancer. A single intramuscular injection of AAV-K5 resulted in sustained expression of K5 reaching a maximum serum level of 800 ng ml(-1). Gene therapy inhibited both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced and tumor cell-induced angiogenesis in matrigel plug assays. Furthermore, a single injection of AAV-K5 significantly inhibited both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal growth of human ovarian cancer cells. Immunofluorescence studies of residual tumors surgically resected from the treated animals showed reduced tumor burden, which correlated with the inhibition of tumor neovascularization. In addition, AAV-K5 gene therapy differentially affected the nascent vessels more than mature vasculature and induced apoptotic death of tumor cells. These data show that AAV-K5 can be effectively used to inhibit ovarian cancer.
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Chang PC, Wu HL, Lin HC, Wang KC, Shi GY. Human plasminogen kringle 1-5 reduces atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice by suppressing the inflammatory signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:194-201. [PMID: 19874473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of vascular endothelial cells plays an important role in atherogenesis and plaque instability. Recent research has demonstrated that late-stage inhibition of plaque angiogenesis by angiostatin (kringle 1-4) reduces macrophage accumulation and slows the progression of advanced atherosclerosis. Kringle 1-5 (K(1-5)) is a variant of angiostatin that contains the first five kringle domains of plasminogen. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether K(1-5) has an inhibitory effect on early-stage atherosclerosis, using the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mouse model and a carotid artery ligation model. METHODS ApoE-deficient mice received K(1-5) treatment for 4 weeks, and the severity of aortic atherosclerosis was measured. In the ligation model, the left common carotid arteries of C57BL/6 mice were ligated near the carotid bifurcation, and the mice received K(1-5) for 4 weeks. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with K(1-5) before tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) treatment to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of K(1-5). RESULTS The areas of the lesion in the aortas of ApoE-deficient mice that received K(1-5) treatment were notably decreased, and the formation of carotid neointima in the C57BL/6 mice was decreased by treatment with K(1-5). Expression of TNF-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was inhibited by K(1-5) treatment, possibly via downregulation of translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB and expression of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS K(1-5) reduced atherosclerosis and neointima formation in mice, possibly through inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Salmons B, Gunzburg WH. Therapeutic Application of Cell Microencapsulation in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 670:92-103. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5786-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Aisina RB, Mukhametova LI, Gulin DA, Levashov MY, Prisyazhnaya NV, Gershkovich KB, Varfolomeyev SD. Inhibitory effect of angiostatins on activity of the plasminogen/plasminogen activator system. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:1104-13. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629790910006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nicked β2-glycoprotein I binds angiostatin 4.5 (plasminogen kringle 1-5) and attenuates its antiangiogenic property. Blood 2009; 114:2553-9. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-190629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Angiostatin was first discovered as a plasminogen fragment with antitumor/antiangiogenic property. One of the angiostatin isoforms, that is, angiostatin 4.5 (AS4.5), consisting of plasminogen kringle 1 to 4 and a most part of kringle 5, is produced by autoproteolysis and present in human plasma. β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) is proteolytically cleaved by plasmin in its domain V (nicked β2GPI), resulting in binding to plasminogen. Antiangiogenic properties have been recently reported in nicked β2GPI as well as in intact β2GPI at higher concentrations. In the present study, we found significant binding of nicked β2GPI to AS4.5 (KD = 3.27 × 106 M−1). Via this binding, nicked β2GPI attenuates the antiangiogenic functions of AS4.5 in the proliferation of arterial/venous endothelial cells, in the extracellular matrix invasion and the tube formation of venous endothelial cells, and in vivo angiogenesis. In contrast, intact β2GPI does not bind to AS4.5 or inhibit its antiangiogenic activity. Thus, nicked β2GPI exerts dual effects on angiogenesis, that is, nicked β2GPI promotes angiogenesis in the presence of AS4.5, whereas nicked β2GPI inhibits angiogenesis at concentrations high enough to neutralize AS4.5. Our data suggest that plasmin-nicked β2GPI promotes angiogenesis by interacting with plasmin-generated AS4.5 in sites of increased fibrinolysis such as thrombus.
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Cuccioloni M, Mozzicafreddo M, Bonfili L, Cecarini V, Eleuteri AM, Angeletti M. Natural occurring polyphenols as template for drug design. Focus on serine proteases. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:1-15. [PMID: 19519739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several major physio-pathological processes, including cancer, inflammatory states and thrombosis, are all strongly dependent upon the fine regulation of proteolytic enzyme activities, and dramatic are the consequences of unbalanced equilibria between enzymes and their cognate inhibitors. In this perspective, the discovery of small-molecule ligands able to modulate catalytic activities has a massive therapeutic potential and is a stimulating goal. Numerous recent experimental evidences revealed that proteolytic enzymes can be opportunely targeted, reporting on small ligands capable of binding to these biological macromolecules with drug-like potencies, and primarily with comparable (or even higher) efficiency with respect to their endogenous binding partner. In particular, natural occurring polyphenols and their derivatives recently disclosed these intriguing abilities, making them promising templates for drug design and development. In this review, we compared the inhibitory capacities of a set of monomeric polyphenols toward serine proteases activity, and finally summarized the data with an emphasis on the derivation of a pharmacophore model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cuccioloni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, Camerino (MC), Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet-derived growth factor-BB plays a role in the development of vascular and lymphatic vessels in tumors. In this study plasma levels of platelet-derived growth factor-BB were assessed preoperatively in patients with adenomas and colorectal cancer to determine whether platelet-derived growth factor-BB is a useful marker or prognostic indicator. METHODS Patients with adenomas and colorectal cancer undergoing resection were assessed. Clinical and pathologic data and preoperative blood samples were collected. Plasma platelet-derived growth factor-BB levels (median, 95 percent confidence interval for median) were determined and the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. RESULTS One hundred seventy-nine patients were studied (91 with colorectal cancer, 88 with adenomas). Preoperative colorectal cancer platelet-derived growth factor-BB levels were higher (1,771.1 pg/ml; confidence intervals, 1,429-2,065) than in the benign neoplasm group (1083 pg/ml; confidence intervals, 933-1,192, P < 0.001). In patients with colorectal cancer, a direct relationship was noted between platelet-derived growth factor-BB levels and disease severity. Despite the increase in platelet-derived growth factor-BB noted with increasing stage, the differences between the Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 groups were not significant. CONCLUSION Platelet-derived growth factor-BB levels were greater in patients with colorectal cancer (vs. patients with adenoma) and rose with increasing disease severity. Unfortunately, however, the modest differences between categories do not permit accurate stage determination.
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Yi ZF, Cho SG, Zhao H, Wu YY, Luo J, Li D, Yi T, Xu X, Wu Z, Liu M. A novel peptide from human apolipoprotein(a) inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by targeting c-Src phosphorylation in VEGF-induced human umbilical endothelial cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:843-52. [PMID: 19035465 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many angiogenesis inhibitors are derived from large plasma proteins. Previous studies showed that the Kringle5-like domain (termed KV) in human apolipoprotein (a) is a potential antiangiogenic factor. However, its active region and the underling molecular mechanism remain elusive. Here, we identified an 11-amino acid peptide (named KV11) as the key region for the antiangiogenic function of the KV domain of apolipoprotein (a). We demonstrate that KV11 inhibits angiogenesis in vitro by suppressing human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration and microtubule formation. KV11 inhibits angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays and mouse corneal micropocket angiogenesis assays in vivo. KV11 peptide shows no effect on tumor cell growth or proliferation, but significantly inhibits tumor growth in SCID mouse xenograft tumor model (p < 0.01) by preventing tumor angiogenesis. We elucidate that KV11 peptide suppresses angiogenesis and tumor progression by targeting the c-Src/ERK signaling pathways. Together, these studies provide the first evidence that KV11 from apolipoprotein KV domain has anti-angiogenesis functions and may be an anti-tumor drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fang Yi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Fan JK, Xiao T, Gu JF, Wei N, He LF, Ding M, Liu XY. Increased suppression of oncolytic adenovirus carrying mutant k5 on colorectal tumor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 374:198-203. [PMID: 18621025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a key role in the development of a wide variety of malignant tumors. The approach of targeting antiangiogenesis has become an important field of cancer gene therapy. In this study, the antiangiogenesis protein K5 (the kringle 5 of human plasminogen) has been mutated by changing leucine71 to arginine to form mK5. Then the ZD55-mK5, which is an oncolytic adenovirus expressing mK5, was constructed. It showed stronger inhibition on proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell. Moreover, in tube formation and embryonic chorioallantoic membrane assay, ZD55-mK5 exhibited more effective antiangiogenesis than ZD55-K5. In addition, ZD55-mK5 generated obvious suppression on the growth of colorectal tumor xenografts and prolonged the life span of nude mice. These results indicate that ZD55-mK5 is a potent agent for inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kai Fan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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42
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Schmitz V, Raskopf E, Gonzalez-Carmona MA, Vogt A, Kornek M, Sauerbruch T, Caselmann WH. Plasminogen derivatives encoding kringles 1-4 and kringles 1-5 exert indirect antiangiogenic and direct antitumoral effects in experimental lung cancer. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:464-70. [PMID: 18568768 DOI: 10.1080/07357900801970927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, increasing evidence has been found demonstrating direct effects of angiostatin on tumor cells themselves. We have applied the plasminogen derivatives K1-4 and K1-5 to a lung cancer model to analyse indirect angiostatic effects against endothelial and direct effects against tumor cells. In accordance with preceding findings both derivatives inhibited endothelial cell functions in vitro. Additionally K1-4 and K1-5 have also shown substantial anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in tumor cells and have inhibited tumor growth. In addition our data supports the recent conclusion that plasminogen derivatives have a dual antitumor mechanism affecting both tumor angiogenesis and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schmitz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Germany
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Hayashi M, Tamura Y, Dohmae N, Kojima S, Shimonaka M. Plasminogen N-terminal activation peptide modulates the activity of angiostatin-related peptides on endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:635-40. [PMID: 18294956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiostatin, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, is derived from the fibrinolytic proenzyme, plasminogen, by enzymatic processing. Plasminogen N-terminal activation peptide (PAP) is one of the products concomitantly released aside from angiostatin (kringles 1-4) and mini-plasminogen (kringle 5 plus the catalytic domain) when plasminogen is processed. To determine whether PAP alone or together with the angiostatin-related peptides derived from the processing of plasminogen modulate the proliferation and motility of endothelial cells, we have generated a recombinant PAP and used it to study its effects on endothelial cells in the presence and absence of the angiostatin-related peptides. Our results showed that PAP alone slightly increased the migration but not the proliferation of endothelial cells. However, in the presence of the angiostatin-related peptides, PAP attenuated the inhibitory activity of the angiostatin-related peptides on the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. The inhibitory effect of PAP on the angiostatin-related peptides could be due to its binding to the kringle domains of the latter peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyuru Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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44
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45
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Nissen LJ, Cao R, Hedlund EM, Wang Z, Zhao X, Wetterskog D, Funa K, Bråkenhielm E, Cao Y. Angiogenic factors FGF2 and PDGF-BB synergistically promote murine tumor neovascularization and metastasis. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:2766-77. [PMID: 17909625 PMCID: PMC1994630 DOI: 10.1172/jci32479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors produce multiple growth factors, but little is known about the interplay between various angiogenic factors in promoting tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. Here we show that 2 angiogenic factors frequently upregulated in tumors, PDGF-BB and FGF2, synergistically promote tumor angiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis. Simultaneous overexpression of PDGF-BB and FGF2 in murine fibrosarcomas led to the formation of high-density primitive vascular plexuses, which were poorly coated with pericytes and VSMCs. Surprisingly, overexpression of PDGF-BB alone in tumor cells resulted in dissociation of VSMCs from tumor vessels and decreased recruitment of pericytes. In the absence of FGF2, capillary ECs lacked response to PDGF-BB. However, FGF2 triggers PDGFR-alpha and -beta expression at the transcriptional level in ECs, which acquire hyperresponsiveness to PDGF-BB. Similarly, PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs become responsive to FGF2 stimulation via upregulation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) promoter activity. These findings demonstrate that PDGF-BB and FGF2 reciprocally increase their EC and mural cell responses, leading to disorganized neovascularization and metastasis. Our data suggest that intervention of this non-VEGF reciprocal interaction loop for the tumor vasculature could be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Becaplermin
- Capillaries
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Fibrosarcoma/blood
- Fibrosarcoma/metabolism
- Fibrosarcoma/pathology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Pericytes/metabolism
- Pericytes/pathology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- Rats
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Johan Nissen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Renhai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva-Maria Hedlund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Wetterskog
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Keiko Funa
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ebba Bråkenhielm
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Barb D, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Mantzoros CS. Adiponectin: a link between obesity and cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 15:917-31. [PMID: 16859394 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.15.8.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitising hormone produced by adipocytes, has direct antidiabetic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. Circulating adiponectin levels are lower in obesity, a disease state that is associated with certain malignancies. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests that adiponectin may have an important protective role in carcinogenesis. There is also evidence that at least some, if not most, cancer cell types express adiponectin receptors; thus adiponectin may act on tumour cells directly by binding and activating adiponectin receptors and downstream signalling pathways. Through its antiangiogenic properties, and also possibly through other mechanisms regulating cell proliferation discussed in this review, adiponectin may prove to be an effective novel anticancer agent. Large association and prospective studies to assess adiponectin levels in relation to risk from cancer, as well as mechanistic studies to prove adiponectin's role in the development of malignancies, and interventional trials to address potential roles of adiponectin in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Barb
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Stoneman 816, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Emara M, Obaid L, Johnson S, Bigam DL, Cheung PY. Expression of angiostatin and its related factors in the plasma of newborn pigs with hypoxia and reoxygenation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 466:136-44. [PMID: 17718998 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about angiostatin and its related factors in the hypoxia-reoxygenation of neonates. In this study we compared the effect of 21% and 100% reoxygenation on temporal changes in the plasma level of these factors in newborn piglets subjected to hypoxia. Newborn piglets were subjected to 2 h hypoxia followed by 1 h of reoxygenation with either 21% or 100% oxygen and observed for 4 days. On day 4 of recovery in 100% hypoxic-reoxygenated group, there were increases in total angiostatin, plasminogen/plasmin and MMP-2 levels, and decreases in VEGF levels (vs. respective baseline levels, all P <0.001), whereas no significant temporal changes were found in the 21% hypoxic-reoxygenated and sham-operated groups. Angiostatin levels correlated positively with the levels of MMP-2 and HIF-1alpha and negatively with VEGF levels in 100% hypoxic-reoxygenated group (all P <0.05). In comparison to 21% oxygen, neonatal resuscitation with 100% oxygen was found to increase the levels anti-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Emara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2S2
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48
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Gonzalez-Gronow M, Kaczowka SJ, Payne S, Wang F, Gawdi G, Pizzo SV. Plasminogen structural domains exhibit different functions when associated with cell surface GRP78 or the voltage-dependent anion channel. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:32811-20. [PMID: 17848573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703342200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the voltage-dependent anion channel and the glucose-regulated protein 78 have been identified as plasminogen kringle 5 receptors on endothelial cells. In this study, we demonstrate that kringle 5 binds to a region localized in the N-terminal domain of the glucose-regulated protein 78, whereas microplasminogen does so through the C-terminal domain of the glucose-regulated protein 78. Both plasminogen fragments induce Ca(2+) signaling cascades; however, kringle 5 acts through voltage-dependent anion channel and microplasminogen does so via the glucose-regulated protein 78. Because trafficking of voltage-dependent anion channel to the cell surface is associated with heat shock proteins, we investigated a possible association between voltage-dependent anion channel and glucose-regulated protein 78 on the surface of 1-LN human prostate tumor cells. We demonstrate that these proteins co-localize, and changes in the expression of the glucoseregulated protein 78 affect the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel. To differentiate the functions of these receptor proteins, either when acting singly or as a complex, we employed human hexokinase I as a specific ligand for voltage-dependent anion channel, in addition to kringle 5. We show that kringle 5 inhibits 1-LN cell proliferation and promotes caspase-7 activity by a mechanism that requires binding to cell surface voltage-dependent anion channel and is inhibited by human hexokinase I.
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49
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Barb D, Williams CJ, Neuwirth AK, Mantzoros CS. Adiponectin in relation to malignancies: a review of existing basic research and clinical evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86:s858-66. [PMID: 18265479 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/86.3.858s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone that plays an important role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease, may also be of importance in the development and progression of several malignancies. Circulating adiponectin concentrations, which are determined mainly by genetic factors, nutrition, and adiposity, are lower in patients with breast, endometrial, prostate, and colon cancer. It has thus been proposed that adiponectin may be a biological link between obesity (especially central obesity) and increased cancer risk. Adiponectin may influence cancer risk through its well-recognized effects on insulin resistance, but it is also plausible that adiponectin acts on tumor cells directly. Several cancer cell types express adiponectin receptors that may mediate the effects of adiponectin on cellular proliferation. Herein, we review recent evidence supporting a role of serum adiponectin concentrations as a novel risk factor and possible diagnostic marker for obesity-related malignancies, including cancers of the breast, endometrium, colon, and prostate. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the potential role of adiponectin in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Barb
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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50
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Lippi G, Franchini M, Salvagno GL, Guidi GC. Lipoprotein[a] and cancer: Anti-neoplastic effect besides its cardiovascular potency. Cancer Treat Rev 2007; 33:427-36. [PMID: 17442497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
While the death rate from cancer has substantially decreased over the past decade, the search for effective and tolerable therapies is a great challenge as yet. The evidence that malignant cells cannot grow to a clinically detectable tumor mass and spread in the absence of an adequate vascular support, has opened a new area of research towards the selective inhibition or even destruction of tumor vessels. Angiostatin and angiostatin-related proteins are a family of specific angiogenesis inhibitors produced by tumors from a family of naturally occurring proteins, which also includes plasminogen and lipoprotein[a]. The anti-angiogenic activity of these proteins resides in cryptic and highly-repetitive molecular domains hidden within the protein moiety, called kringles. Lipoprotein[a] is an intriguing molecule consisting of a low-density lipoprotein core in addition to the covalently bound apolipoprotein[a]. Apolipoprotein[a] is characterized by an inactive protease domain, a single copy of the plasminogen kringle V and multiple repeats of domains homologous to the plasminogen kringle IV. Reliable studies on animal models indicate that the proteolytic break-down products of apolipoprotein[a] would posses anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral properties both in vitro and in vivo, a premise to develop novel therapeutic modalities which may efficiently suppress tumor growth and metastasis. This review is focused on the biochemical structure, metabolism and the anti-angiogenic activity of this unique and elusive kringle-containing lipoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Sezione di Chimica e Microscopia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Verona, Ospedale Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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