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Guerra-Espinosa C, Jiménez-Fernández M, Sánchez-Madrid F, Serrador JM. ICAMs in Immunity, Intercellular Adhesion and Communication. Cells 2024; 13:339. [PMID: 38391953 PMCID: PMC10886500 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions among leukocytes and leukocytes with immune-associated auxiliary cells represent an essential feature of the immune response that requires the involvement of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In the immune system, CAMs include a wide range of members pertaining to different structural and functional families involved in cell development, activation, differentiation and migration. Among them, β2 integrins (LFA-1, Mac-1, p150,95 and αDβ2) are predominantly involved in homotypic and heterotypic leukocyte adhesion. β2 integrins bind to intercellular (I)CAMs, actin cytoskeleton-linked receptors belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)-CAMs expressed by leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, enabling leukocyte activation and transendothelial migration. β2 integrins have long been viewed as the most important ICAMs partners, propagating intracellular signalling from β2 integrin-ICAM adhesion receptor interaction. In this review, we present previous evidence from pioneering studies and more recent findings supporting an important role for ICAMs in signal transduction. We also discuss the contribution of immune ICAMs (ICAM-1, -2, and -3) to reciprocal cell signalling and function in processes in which β2 integrins supposedly take the lead, paying particular attention to T cell activation, differentiation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerra-Espinosa
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jiménez-Fernández
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (F.S.-M.)
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (F.S.-M.)
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Serrador
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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2
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Kang D, Kim IH. Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Rationale of Immunotherapy in Peritoneal Metastasis of Advanced Gastric Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061376. [PMID: 35740397 PMCID: PMC9220323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is one of the most frequent metastasis patterns of gastric cancer (GC), and the prognosis of patients with PM is very dismal. According to Paget’s theory, disseminated free cancer cells are seeded and survive in the abdominal cavity, adhere to the peritoneum, invade the subperitoneal tissue, and proliferate through angiogenesis. In these sequential processes, several key molecules are involved. From a therapeutic point of view, immunotherapy with chemotherapy combination has become the standard of care for advanced GC. Several clinical trials of newer immunotherapy agents are ongoing. Understanding of the molecular process of PM and the potential rationale of immunotherapy for PM treatment is necessary. Beyond understanding of the molecular aspect of PM, many studies have been conducted on the modality of treatment of PM. Notably, intraperitoneal approaches, including chemotherapy or immunotherapy, have been conducted, because systemic treatment of PM has limitations. In this study, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms and immunologic aspects of PM, and intraperitoneal approaches under investigation for treating PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Ushiwaka T, Yamamoto S, Yoshii C, Hashimoto S, Tsuzuki T, Taniguchi K, Izumiya C, Kobayashi H, Maeda N. Peritoneal natural killer cell chemotaxis is decreased in women with pelvic endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13556. [PMID: 35452561 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM NK cell and macrophage function are decreased in endometriosis, and the disease may involve reduced immune surveillance in the peritoneal cavity. NK cell cytotoxicity and migration ability (chemotaxis) are considered important; the former has been investigated, but the latter has not. METHOD OF STUDY We compared chemotaxis of immunocompetent cells (NK cells, macrophages, T cells) in peritoneal fluid obtained during laparoscopy in 27 women with and 13 without endometriosis. Peripheral blood NK cells were also obtained by the peripheral blood antibody beads method. Micro-cultured cells were examined by time-lapse photography, and the mean migration speed per cell was calculated as the chemotaxis. We investigated the relationship between chemotaxis and endometriosis. RESULTS NK cell chemotaxis was significantly lower in the endometriosis group. Macrophages and lymphocytes were not significantly different between the groups. During menstruation, NK cell chemotaxis decreased in both groups. Postmenstrual chemotaxis was increased significantly in women without endometriosis but remained low in women with endometriosis. The Revised-American Society for Reproductive Medicine score was not correlated with chemotaxis; in women with endometriosis, chemotaxis was decreased even at early stages. Peripheral blood NK cells showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS In women with endometriosis, not only cytotoxicity but also chemotaxis by NK cells in peritoneal cavity is significantly decreased, and particularly chemotaxis is decreased throughout the menstrual cycle. Therefore, antigens in retrograde menstrual blood that enters the peritoneal cavity might be left unprocessed. Repetition of this immune process in the peritoneal cavity may lead to the onset and subsequent progression of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ushiwaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinpei Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chika Yoshii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tamami Tsuzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aki General Hospital, Japan
| | - Kayo Taniguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Izumiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nagamasa Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
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4
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Klibi J, Li S, Amable L, Joseph C, Brunet S, Delord M, Parietti V, Jaubert J, Marie J, Karray S, Eberl G, Lucas B, Toubert A, Benlagha K. Characterization of the developmental landscape of murine RORγt+ iNKT cells. Int Immunol 2020; 32:105-116. [PMID: 31565740 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells expressing the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and producing IL-17 represent a minor subset of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells (iNKT17) in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. We aimed in this study to define the reasons for their low distribution and the sequence of events accompanying their normal thymic development. We found that RORγt+ iNKT cells have higher proliferation potential and a greater propensity to apoptosis than RORγt- iNKT cells. These cells do not likely reside in the thymus indicating that thymus emigration, and higher apoptosis potential, could contribute to RORγt+ iNKT cell reduced thymic distribution. Ontogeny studies suggest that mature HSAlow RORγt+ iNKT cells might develop through developmental stages defined by a differential expression of CCR6 and CD138 during which RORγt expression and IL-17 production capabilities are progressively acquired. Finally, we found that RORγt+ iNKT cells perceive a strong TCR signal that could contribute to their entry into a specific 'Th17 like' developmental program influencing their survival and migration. Overall, our study proposes a hypothetical thymic developmental sequence for iNKT17 cells, which could be of great use to study molecular mechanisms regulating this developmental program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Shamin Li
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Amable
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Joseph
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Brunet
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Parietti
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Département d'Expérimentation Animale, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Jean Jaubert
- Mouse Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julien Marie
- Department of Immunology, Virology and Inflammation, Cancer Research Center of Lyon UMR INSERM1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard Hospital, Université de Lyon, Equipe labellisée LIGUE, Lyon, France
| | - Saoussen Karray
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Microenvironment &Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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5
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Zhou X, Zhao R, Schwarz K, Mangeat M, Schwarz EC, Hamed M, Bogeski I, Helms V, Rieger H, Qu B. Bystander cells enhance NK cytotoxic efficiency by reducing search time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44357. [PMID: 28287155 PMCID: PMC5347013 DOI: 10.1038/srep44357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role during innate immune responses by eliminating pathogen-infected or tumorigenic cells. In the microenvironment, NK cells encounter not only target cells but also other cell types including non-target bystander cells. The impact of bystander cells on NK killing efficiency is, however, still elusive. In this study we show that the presence of bystander cells, such as P815, monocytes or HUVEC, enhances NK killing efficiency. With bystander cells present, the velocity and persistence of NK cells were increased, whereas the degranulation of lytic granules remained unchanged. Bystander cell-derived H2O2 was found to mediate the acceleration of NK cell migration. Using mathematical diffusion models, we confirm that local acceleration of NK cells in the vicinity of bystander cells reduces their search time to locate target cells. In addition, we found that integrin β chains (β1, β2 and β7) on NK cells are required for bystander-enhanced NK migration persistence. In conclusion, we show that acceleration of NK cell migration in the vicinity of H2O2-producing bystander cells reduces target cell search time and enhances NK killing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Schwarz
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthieu Mangeat
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eva C. Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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6
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Bigler MB, Egli SB, Hysek CM, Hoenger G, Schmied L, Baldin FS, Marquardsen FA, Recher M, Liechti ME, Hess C, Berger CT. Stress-Induced In Vivo Recruitment of Human Cytotoxic Natural Killer Cells Favors Subsets with Distinct Receptor Profiles and Associates with Increased Epinephrine Levels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145635. [PMID: 26700184 PMCID: PMC4689586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute stress drives a ‘high-alert’ response in the immune system. Psychoactive drugs induce distinct stress hormone profiles, offering a sought-after opportunity to dissect the in vivo immunological effects of acute stress in humans. Methods 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylphenidate (MPH), or both, were administered to healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover-study. Lymphocyte subset frequencies, natural killer (NK) cell immune-phenotypes, and changes in effector function were assessed, and linked to stress hormone levels and expression of CD62L, CX3CR1, CD18, and stress hormone receptors on NK cells. Results MDMA/MPH > MDMA > MPH robustly induced an epinephrine-dominant stress response. Immunologically, rapid redistribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte-subsets towards phenotypically mature NK cells occurred. NK cytotoxicity was unaltered, but they expressed slightly reduced levels of the activating receptor NKG2D. Preferential circulation of mature NK cells was associated with high epinephrine receptor expression among this subset, as well as expression of integrin ligands previously linked to epinephrine-induced endothelial detachment. Conclusion The acute epinephrine-induced stress response was characterized by rapid accumulation of mature and functional NK cells in the peripheral circulation. This is in line with studies using other acute stressors and supports the role of the acute stress response in rapidly mobilizing the innate immune system to counteract incoming threats.
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MESH Headings
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Over Studies
- Double-Blind Method
- Epinephrine/blood
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Stress, Physiological/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B. Bigler
- Translational Immunology, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon B. Egli
- Translational Immunology, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cédric M. Hysek
- Clinical Pharmacology, Dep. of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gideon Hoenger
- Immunobiology Lab, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Schmied
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian S. Baldin
- Immunodeficiency Lab, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian A. Marquardsen
- Immunodeficiency Lab, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Lab, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Outpatient Clinic, Dep. of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E. Liechti
- Clinical Pharmacology, Dep. of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CTB); (MEL)
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Lab, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Outpatient Clinic, Dep. of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T. Berger
- Translational Immunology, Dep. of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Medical Outpatient Clinic, Dep. of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (CTB); (MEL)
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Effect of the disintegrin eristostatin on melanoma-natural killer cell interactions. Toxicon 2012; 61:83-93. [PMID: 23147645 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is difficult to treat due to its resistance to chemotherapeutic regimens. Discovery of new pharmaceuticals with inhibitory potential can be helpful in the development of novel treatments. The snake venom disintegrin eristostatin, from the viper Eristicophis macmahoni, caused immunodeficient mice to be significantly protected from development of lung colonization when melanoma cells and the disintegrin were co-injected in vivo into the lateral tail vein compared to vehicle controls. Cytotoxicity assays suggested that eristostatin makes the melanoma cells a better target for lysis by human natural killer cells. Direct binding assays using atomic force microscopy showed eristostatin does specifically bind the surface of the six melanoma cell lines tested. Eristostatin binding was partially inhibited by the addition of soluble RGDS peptide, suggesting an integrin as one likely, but not the sole, binding partner. Studies done with melanoma cells on a culture dish and natural killer cells attached to a cantilever tip in atomic force microscopy showed four major populations of interactions which exhibited altered frequency and unbinding strength in the presence of eristostatin.
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8
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Rohrbeck A, Borlak J. Cancer genomics identifies regulatory gene networks associated with the transition from dysplasia to advanced lung adenocarcinomas induced by c-Raf-1. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7315. [PMID: 19812696 PMCID: PMC2754338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity. To improve an understanding of molecular causes of disease a transgenic mouse model was investigated where targeted expression of the serine threonine kinase c-Raf to respiratory epithelium induced initially dysplasia and subsequently adenocarcinomas. This enables dissection of genetic events associated with precancerous and cancerous lesions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By laser microdissection cancer cell populations were harvested and subjected to whole genome expression analyses. Overall 473 and 541 genes were significantly regulated, when cancer versus transgenic and non-transgenic cells were compared, giving rise to three distinct and one common regulatory gene network. At advanced stages of tumor growth predominately repression of gene expression was observed, but genes previously shown to be up-regulated in dysplasia were also up-regulated in solid tumors. Regulation of developmental programs as well as epithelial mesenchymal and mesenchymal endothelial transition was a hall mark of adenocarcinomas. Additionally, genes coding for cell adhesion, i.e. the integrins and the tight and gap junction proteins were repressed, whereas ligands for receptor tyrosine kinase such as epi- and amphiregulin were up-regulated. Notably, Vegfr- 2 and its ligand Vegfd, as well as Notch and Wnt signalling cascades were regulated as were glycosylases that influence cellular recognition. Other regulated signalling molecules included guanine exchange factors that play a role in an activation of the MAP kinases while several tumor suppressors i.e. Mcc, Hey1, Fat3, Armcx1 and Reck were significantly repressed. Finally, probable molecular switches forcing dysplastic cells into malignantly transformed cells could be identified. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study provides insight into molecular pertubations allowing dysplasia to progress further to adenocarcinoma induced by exaggerted c-Raf kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rohrbeck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Zhang B, Wei H, Zheng X, Zhang J, Sun R, Tian Z. The inhibitory effects of synthetic short peptides, mimicking MICA and targeting at NKG2D receptors, on function of NK cells. Peptides 2005; 26:405-12. [PMID: 15652646 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
NKG2D is an activating receptor expressed on most of human NK cells, one of whose ligands is MICA. Based on the crystal structure of NKG2D-MICA complex, we synthesized three short peptides (P1, P2 and P3), mimicking functional alpha1 and alpha2 domain of MICA. The inhibitory effects of three peptides on NK-92 cells, a human NK cell line against Hela cells were observed and the inhibitory percentage was 38% at maximum for P1+P2+P3 in concentration of 1nM. The same peptides had no effect on NK-92 cell against target cells lacking MICA (K562 cells line). The unrelated peptides as controls had no effect on the system. Two peptides (P2 and P3) were prolonged at one or both ends, and the longer forms of peptides exerted stronger inhibitory effects than their shorter forms. Each combination of two peptides exerted a stronger function than single peptide (P1, P2, P3), indicating that shedding of longer amino acid sequence of alpha1 domain or more domain sites of MICA are better than shorter sequence and fewer sites. P1+P2+P3 revealed the almost same inhibitory rate as the soluble MICA (sMICA). P1+P2+P3 were also able to alleviate the concanavalin A-induced murine autoimmune hepatitis in vivo, conforming the similarity of NKG2D between human and mice. The results demonstrate that MICA-mimicking peptides will be useful to search the specific functional sites for NKG2D-MICA interaction, but also promising in explaining NKG2D-related autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Animals
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Carrier Proteins/chemistry
- Cell Line
- Chromium/metabolism
- Concanavalin A/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- HeLa Cells
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/drug therapy
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Ligands
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Molecular
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei City, Anhui 230027, China
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10
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Bernot D, Peiretti F, Canault M, Juhan-Vague I, Nalbone G. Upregulation of TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 surface expression by adenylate cyclase-dependent pathway in human endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2005; 202:434-41. [PMID: 15389590 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The level of adhesion molecules expressed at the endothelial cell surface is critical in the control of inflammation. Adenylate cyclase (AC) activity allowing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production can modulate the inflammatory process. We investigated the AC-dependent modulation of ICAM-1 surface expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). Pretreatment of HUVEC with forskolin significantly upregulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and interleukin-1 alpha (IL1-alpha)-induced ICAM-1 surface expression exclusively after a prolonged time of incubation with forskolin (at least 7-8 h). A poorly metabolizable analog of cAMP, dibutyryl-cAMP, mimicked forskolin effect on ICAM-1 surface expression. Protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 prevented forskolin effect on ICAM-1 surface expression. Upregulation of ICAM-1 surface level occurred through the increase in its mRNA levels and also to a subsequent activation of ICAM-1 intracellular trafficking towards cell surface. Stimulation by agonists of beta-adrenergic receptors did not alter the TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 surface expression. Pretreatment of HUVEC with pertussis toxin, which is known to activate AC through Gialpha inhibition, upregulated mRNA levels and surface expression of ICAM-1 induced by TNF-alpha. This effect was serum-dependent, since ICAM-1 expression was no more upregulated by pertussis toxin in cells cultured in 1% instead of 20% serum-enriched medium. However, forskolin treatment of HUVEC did not modify their overall adhesive properties. In conclusion, a persistent cAMP level elevation activating PKA is able to enhance ICAM-1 expression at the cell surface of endothelial cells placed under pro-inflammatory conditions. Combination of activation of gene transcription and membrane targeting may account for this augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Bernot
- Inserm UMR626, IPHM, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille Cedex, France
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11
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Tanaka H, Yashiro M, Sunami T, Sakate Y, Kosaka K, Hirakawa K. ICAM-2 gene therapy for peritoneal dissemination of scirrhous gastric carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:4885-92. [PMID: 15269165 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0393-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human scirrhous gastric carcinoma develops peritoneal dissemination with high frequency, and the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastasis is poor. There have been few reports of an immunogene therapy for peritoneal dissemination. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2 is a second ligand of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1, which functions as a costimulatory molecule for effector cells. In the present study, we examined whether ICAM-2 transfection using adenovirus vector is effective gene therapy for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We constructed an adenovirus vector, AdICAM-2, that encodes the full-length human ICAM-2 gene under control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. This vector expresses high levels of ICAM-2 on the human gastric cancer cell line OCUM-2MD3, which has high peritoneal metastatic ability in nude mice. We investigated the antitumor effects of gene transfer of ICAM-2 using the adenovirus vector AdICAM-2 in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS ICAM-2 expressed on OCUM-2MD3 cells by AdICAM-2 demonstrated significantly high adhesiveness to and cytotoxicity against peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro compared with the control adenovirus vector AdlacZ. Intratumoral injection of AdICAM-2 significantly inhibited the growth of s.c. tumor. Mice with peritoneal metastasis survived for a significantly longer time after AdICAM-2 injection, compared with injection of AdlacZ. Histopathological findings revealed that many natural killer cells infiltrated the peritoneal metastatic lesions after AdICAM-2 injection. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that transduction of ICAM-2 into cancer cells enhances the adhesion and activation of natural killer cells, resulting in a reduction of peritoneal metastasis. ICAM-2 transfection using adenovirus vector might be an effective form of gene therapy for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Barber DF, Faure M, Long EO. LFA-1 contributes an early signal for NK cell cytotoxicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:3653-9. [PMID: 15356110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxicity of human NK cells is activated by receptors that bind ligands on target cells, but the relative contribution of the many different activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors is difficult to assess. In this study, we describe an experimental system that circumvents some of the difficulties. Adhesion through beta2 integrin LFA-1 is a common requirement of CTLs and NK cells for efficient lysis of target cells. However, the contribution of LFA-1 to activation signals for NK cell cytotoxicity, besides its role in adhesion, is unclear. The role of LFA-1 was evaluated by exposing NK cells to human ICAM-1 that was either expressed on a Drosophila insect cell line, or directly coupled to beads. Expression of ICAM-1 on insect cells was sufficient to induce lysis by NK cells through LFA-1. Coexpression of peptide-loaded HLA-C with ICAM-1 on insect cells blocked the LFA-1-dependent cytotoxicity of NK cells that expressed HLA-C-specific inhibitory receptors. Polarization of cytotoxic granules in NK cells toward ICAM-1- and ICAM-2-coated beads showed that engagement of LFA-1 alone is sufficient to initiate activation signals in NK cells. Thus, in contrast to T cells, in which even adhesion through LFA-1 is dependent on signals from other receptors, NK cells receive early activation signals directly through LFA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo F Barber
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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13
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Perez OD, Mitchell D, Jager GC, Nolan GP. LFA-1 signaling through p44/42 is coupled to perforin degranulation in CD56+CD8+ natural killer cells. Blood 2004; 104:1083-93. [PMID: 15113754 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte function antigen 1 (LFA-1) is essential for the formation of immune cell synapses and plays a role in the pathophysiology of various autoimmune diseases. We investigated the molecular details of LFA-1 activation during adhesion between cytotoxic cells and a target model leukemia cell. The cytolytic activity of a CD3-CD8+CD56+ natural killer (NK) subset was enhanced when LFA-1 was activated. In a comparison of LFA-1 ligands, intercellular adhesion molecule 2 (ICAM-2) and ICAM-3 promoted LFA-1-directed perforin release, whereas ICAM-1 had little effect. Ligand-induced LFA-1 clustering facilitated perforin release, demonstrating LFA-1 could regulate degranulation mechanisms. LFA-1 induced the activation of src family kinases, Vav1 and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in human CD56+ NK cells as evidenced by intracellular phospho-epitope measurements that correlated with effector-target cell binding and perforin-granzyme A-mediated cytolytic activity. These results identify novel, specific functional consequence of LFA-1-mediated cytolytic activity in perforin-containing human NK subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar D Perez
- Baxter Laboratory for Genetic Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Gahmberg
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Lima M, Teixeira MA, Queirós ML, Leite M, Santos AH, Justiça B, Orfão A. Immunophenotypic characterization of normal blood CD56+lo versus CD56+hi NK-cell subsets and its impact on the understanding of their tissue distribution and functional properties. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001; 27:731-43. [PMID: 11778657 DOI: 10.1006/bcmd.2001.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we have compared the immunophenotypic characteristics of the CD56+lo and CD56+hi NK-cell subsets in a group of normal healthy adults. Our results show that CD56+hi NK-cells display greater light-scatter properties than CD56+lo NK-cells at the same time they have higher levels of CD25 and CD122 IL-2 chains, together with a higher reactivity for HLA-DR and CD45RO and lower levels of CD45RA, supporting that, as opposed to the majority of the CD56+lo population, CD56+hi NK-cells might correspond to a subset of activated circulating NK-lymphocytes. Higher expression of the CD2 and CD7 costimulatory molecules found for the CD56+hi NK-cells would support their greater ability to respond to various stimuli. In addition, CD56+hi NK-cells expressed higher levels of several adhesion molecules such as CD2, CD11c, CD44, CD56, and CD62L compared to CD56+lo NK-cells, supporting a particular ability of these cells to migrate from blood to tissues and/or a potential advantage to form conjugates with target cells. Interestingly, CD56+lo and CD56+hi NK-cells showed a different pattern of expression of killer receptors that might determine different activation requirements for each of these NK-cell subsets. For instance, absence or low levels of CD16 expression might explain the lower antibody-dependent cytotoxicity activity of CD56+hi NK-cells. On the other hand, the virtual absence of expression of the CD158a and NKB1 immunoglobulin-like and the greater reactivity for the CD94 lectin-like killer receptors on CD56+hi in comparison to CD56+lo NK-cells might determine different MHC-class I specificities for both NK-cell subsets, a possibility that deserves further studies to be confirmed.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- CD56 Antigen/analysis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- Cell Differentiation
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/chemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/classification
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/analysis
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Receptors, Immunologic/analysis
- Receptors, KIR
- Receptors, KIR2DL1
- Receptors, KIR3DL1
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lima
- Service of Clinical Hematology, Unit of Cytometry, Hospital Geral de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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McDonough SP, Moore PF. Clinical, hematologic, and immunophenotypic characterization of canine large granular lymphocytosis. Vet Pathol 2000; 37:637-46. [PMID: 11105953 DOI: 10.1354/vp.37-6-637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical, hematologic, and immunophenotypic data were studied in 25 dogs with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphocytosis. Primarily large-breed dogs were affected, with an average age at initial diagnosis of 10 years (range 5-14 years). All dogs had persistent (>4 months) LGL lymphocytosis except for three that were euthanized with aggressive disease. Splenomegaly was reported in 12 of 20 dogs in which splenic size was evaluated. The clinical course was heterogeneous and dogs were divided into four groups based on similar clinical and hematologic findings: acute leukemia (3/25), persistent lymphocytosis with anemia (12/25), persistent lymphocytosis without anemia (8/25), and reactive lymphocytosis (2/25). Immunophenotypes varied within groups but were homogeneous among cells from the same patient except in the two dogs classified as reactive LGL lymphocytosis. Analysis of T-cell receptor (TCR) usage identified three main LGL lineages. TCRalphabeta was expressed in 15/25 (60%) cases. TCRgammadelta was expressed in 8/25 (32%) cases, and 2/25 (8%) cases were CD3-, compatible with NK cells. beta2 integrin expression was distinctive. CD11a was consistently expressed, while CD11b was absent. CD11c was expressed only weakly in 16/25 (64%) cases. The leukointegrin alphadbeta2 was highly prevalent on all LGL lineages, being expressed in 23/25 (92%) cases. Prominent involvement of the spleen, relative sparing of bone marrow, an unexpectedly large proportion of gammadelta T-cell LGLs, and the distinctive beta2 integrin expression pattern on diverse lineages of LGLs suggest the disease arises from unique populations of lymphocytes that preferentially localize in the splenic red pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P McDonough
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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17
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Kotovuori A, Pessa-Morikawa T, Kotovuori P, Nortamo P, Gahmberg CG. ICAM-2 and a Peptide from Its Binding Domain Are Efficient Activators of Leukocyte Adhesion and Integrin Affinity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated by the CD11/CD18 integrins and their ligands, the ICAMs, is required for many leukocyte functions. In resting cells the integrins are nonadhesive, but when activated they become adhesive for their ligands. Previous findings have shown that a peptide derived from the first Ig domain of ICAM-2 (P1) binds to LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and activates leukocyte aggregation. Because its mechanism of action has remained poorly understood, we have now studied the peptide-induced ligand binding in detail. Here we show that P1 was able to induce CD11/CD18-dependent adhesion of human T lymphocytes to immobilized, purified ICAM-1, -2, and -3. The optimal peptide concentration was 150 μg/ml, whereas concentrations higher than 400 μg/ml did not have any stimulatory effect. The increase in adhesion was detectable within 10 min of treatment with the peptide; it was dependent on energy, divalent cations, temperature, and an intact cytoskeleton but was unaffected by protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Peptide treatment resulted in strong stimulation of the binding of soluble, recombinant ICAMs to T lymphocytes, showing that the integrin affinity toward its ligands was increased. Importantly, soluble ICAM-2Fc was also able to induce T lymphocyte adhesion to purified ICAM-1, -2, and -3, and it was a more potent stimulatory molecule than ICAM-1Fc or ICAM-3Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kotovuori
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Pessa-Morikawa
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Kotovuori
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Nortamo
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl G. Gahmberg
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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McLaughlin F, Hayes BP, Horgan CM, Beesley JE, Campbell CJ, Randi AM. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta down-regulate intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2 expression on the endothelium. CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 1999; 6:381-400. [PMID: 10223354 DOI: 10.3109/15419069809109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte recruitment is a crucial step in inflammation. Inflammatory stimuli upregulate the expression of some endothelial adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin or ICAM-1, but not of others such as ICAM-2. ICAM-2, a constitutively expressed endothelial ligand for beta2 integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1, is involved in leukocyte adhesion to resting endothelium and in transmigration in vitro, however its role in inflammation is unclear. We have studied the effect of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta on ICAM-2 expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Prolonged treatment (24 h) of HUVECs with TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) or IL-1beta (34 ng/ml) reduced ICAM-2 surface expression to 50% of control, while interferon (IFN)-gamma had no effect. The loss in ICAM-2 surface expression correlated with a reduction of ICAM-2 mRNA to approximately 40% of control after 24 h of cytokine treatment. The activity of an ICAM-2 promoter reporter plasmid transfected into HUVECs was down-regulated by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta to similar values. Thus inflammatory cytokines inhibit ICAM-2 transcription, despite the absence of known cytokine-responsive elements in the promoter. Immunocytochemistry on HUVEC monolayers showed that ICAM-2 expression, mainly at the cell junctions in resting cells, was markedly decreased by cytokine treatment. This data suggest that ICAM-2 expression on the endothelium may be regulated during inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Time Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Umbilical Cord/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- F McLaughlin
- Vascular Disease Unit, GlaxoWellcome Medicines Research Centre, Herts, UK
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19
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Gahmberg CG, Valmu L, Tian L, Kotovuori P, Fagerholm S, Kotovuori A, Kantor C, Hilden T. Leukocyte adhesion--a fundamental process in leukocyte physiology. Braz J Med Biol Res 1999; 32:511-7. [PMID: 10412561 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1999000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion is of pivotal functional importance. The adhesion involves several different adhesion molecules, the most important of which are the leukocyte beta 2-integrins (CD11/CD18), the intercellular adhesion molecules, and the selectins. We and others have extensively studied the specificity and binding sites in the integrins and the intercellular adhesion molecules for their receptors and ligands. The integrins have to become activated to exert their functions but the possible mechanisms of activation remain poorly understood. Importantly, a few novel intercellular adhesion molecules have been recently described, which seem to function only in specific tissues. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly apparent that changes in integrins and intercellular adhesion molecules are associated with a number of acute and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Gahmberg
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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20
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Masuyama J, Yoshio T, Suzuki K, Kitagawa S, Iwamoto M, Kamimura T, Hirata D, Takeda A, Kano S, Minota S. Characterization of the 4C8 antigen involved in transendothelial migration of CD26(hi) T cells after tight adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. J Exp Med 1999; 189:979-90. [PMID: 10075981 PMCID: PMC2193050 DOI: 10.1084/jem.189.6.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In extravasation of T cells, little is known about the mechanisms of transendothelial migration subsequent to the T cells' tight adhesion to endothelium. To investigate these mechanisms, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb), termed anti-4C8, that blocks transmigration but not adhesion in a culture system in which high CD26-expressing (CD26(hi)) T cells preferentially migrate through human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers cultured on collagen gels. Anti-4C8 reacted with all CD3(+) T cells and monocytes but not neutrophils or HUVECs. The structure defined by this antibody was an 80-kD molecule. The mAb at 1 mug/ml inhibited 80-90% of migration of CD3(+) T cells through unstimulated and interferon gamma-stimulated HUVEC monolayers without interfering with adhesion and cell motility. When added to the cultures after the adhesion, anti-4C8 completely blocked subsequent transmigration of adherent T cells. Phase-contrast and electron microscopy revealed that T cells are arrested at the intercellular junctions of HUVECs in the presence of anti-4C8. Anti-4C8 exhibited agonistic effects on resting T cells without other stimuli under culture conditions in which anti-4C8 can stimulate T cells. First, in the checkerboard assay using collagen gels, the antibody promoted chemokinetic migration of the cells in a dose-dependent manner from 0.1 to 10 mug/ml. The predominant population of T cells that migrated into collagen gels with impregnated anti-4C8 were CD26(hi). Second, solid-phase-immobilized anti-4C8 induced adhesion of T cells to the substrate, often with polarizations in cell shape and large pseudopods rich in filamentous (F-) actin. Third, soluble anti-4C8 augmented F-actin content preferentially in CD26(hi) T cells when added to T cells at a high dose of 10 mug/ml. Finally, both anti-4C8-induced chemokinetic migration and transendothelial migration were inhibited by pretreatment of T cells with pertussis toxin. These findings suggest that stimulation via the 4C8 antigen increases cell motility of CD26(hi) cells with profound cytoskeletal changes through signaling pathways including G proteins. The 4C8 antigen may be involved in preferential transmigration of CD26(hi) cells adherent to HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Masuyama
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi 329-04, Japan
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21
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Giacomelli R, Passacantando A, Frieri G, Parzanese I, D'Alò S, Vernia P, Pimpo MT, Petrucci C, Caprilli R, Cifone MG, Tonietti G. Circulating soluble factor-inhibiting natural killer (NK) activity of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 115:72-7. [PMID: 9933422 PMCID: PMC1905197 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed in order to assess the cytotoxic activity, both natural (NK) and antibody-dependent (ADCC), of PBMC from 38 IBD patients and correlate it with their clinical features. Cytotoxicity assays were performed using sensitive target cells for NK and ADCC activities. In some experiments, highly purified NK cells, obtained both by Percoll density gradient and by co-culturing non-adherent PBMC with RPMI 8866 feeder cells, were used as effector cells. Furthermore, we evaluated NK cell parameters such as number, surface expression of adhesion molecules (CD11a/CD18, CD49d and CD54) and response to different stimuli. We observed a decreased NK cytotoxicity of PBMC from IBD patients, both in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), independently of the clinical activity of disease. In contrast, the ADCC lytic activity was within normal range. The lower NK cytotoxic activity observed in our IBD patients cannot be related to a decreased number of NK cells, surface expression of adhesion molecules, defective response to IL-2 and maturative defect. Decreased NK activity was induced in PBMC of controls when serum of patients was added and this was unrelated to monocyte-derived modulating factor(s). Our data show a decreased natural killing by fresh PBMC from IBD patients. This lower activity seems to be unrelated to a primary NK cell defect, since purified NK cells exhibited normal levels of killing. It might be hypothesized that serum factors, possibly derived from lymphocytes, with inhibitory properties on NK activity, might be functionally active in the blood of IBD patients, thus modulating NK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giacomelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology Section and Gastroenterology Section and Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Helander
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Abstract
Research into the molecular mechanisms of target cell recognition by natural killer (NK) cells has recently progressed rapidly. NK cells express several MHC I recognizing receptors that inactivate the NK cells' functions. In pathological alterations of MHC I expression, the NK cell inhibitory receptors do not engage and thus permit the lysis of the target cell. The receptors that trigger the cytolytic machinery of NK cells, after the permission of lysis from the inhibitory receptors, are poorly characterized. Some candidate triggering receptors have been identified and it seems that triggering of NK cell killing is mediated by multiple receptors, as is the inhibition of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Timonen
- Haartman Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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24
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Gahmberg CG, Tolvanen M, Kotovuori P. Leukocyte adhesion--structure and function of human leukocyte beta2-integrins and their cellular ligands. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 245:215-32. [PMID: 9151947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion is of pivotal functional importance and this has resulted in extensive research and rapid development in the field. Leukocyte adhesion involves members of three molecular families: integrins, members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and carbohydrate binding selectins and sialoadhesins. Recently, considerable structural information on leukocyte integrins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules has been obtained. This fact, combined with the identification of several novel adhesion molecules, has increased our understanding of how they function at the molecular level. Furthermore, the important issue of how integrins are activated to become adhesive is rapidly advancing. It is clearly evident that the knowledge accumulated from basic research will increasingly be applied in clinical medicine. In this review we focus on two important families of adhesion molecules, the leukocyte-specific beta2-integrins and their ligands, the intercellular adhesion molecules. Emphasis is put on their structural/functional relationships, their mode of regulation and on novel adhesion molecules recently discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Gahmberg
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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