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Lenza MP, Egia-Mendikute L, Antoñana-Vildosola A, Soares CO, Coelho H, Corzana F, Bosch A, Manisha P, Quintana JI, Oyenarte I, Unione L, Moure MJ, Azkargorta M, Atxabal U, Sobczak K, Elortza F, Sutherland JD, Barrio R, Marcelo F, Jiménez-Barbero J, Palazon A, Ereño-Orbea J. Structural insights into Siglec-15 reveal glycosylation dependency for its interaction with T cells through integrin CD11b. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3496. [PMID: 37311743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 15 (Siglec-15) is an immune modulator and emerging cancer immunotherapy target. However, limited understanding of its structure and mechanism of action restrains the development of drug candidates that unleash its full therapeutic potential. In this study, we elucidate the crystal structure of Siglec-15 and its binding epitope via co-crystallization with an anti-Siglec-15 blocking antibody. Using saturation transfer-difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal Siglec-15 binding mode to α(2,3)- and α(2,6)-linked sialic acids and the cancer-associated sialyl-Tn (STn) glycoform. We demonstrate that binding of Siglec-15 to T cells, which lack STn expression, depends on the presence of α(2,3)- and α(2,6)-linked sialoglycans. Furthermore, we identify the leukocyte integrin CD11b as a Siglec-15 binding partner on human T cells. Collectively, our findings provide an integrated understanding of the structural features of Siglec-15 and emphasize glycosylation as a crucial factor in controlling T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Lenza
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Antoñana-Vildosola
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cátia O Soares
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, The Center for Research in Chemical Synthesis, Madre de Dios 53, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bosch
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Prodhi Manisha
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Imanol Quintana
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iker Oyenarte
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luca Unione
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Jesús Moure
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Unai Atxabal
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Klaudia Sobczak
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Felix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - James D Sutherland
- Ubiquitin-likes and Development Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Ubiquitin-likes and Development Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Caparica campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Department of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asis Palazon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - June Ereño-Orbea
- Chemical Glycobiology lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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2
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Holborough-Kerkvliet MD, Kroos S, de Wetering RV, Toes REM. Addressing the key issue: Antigen-specific targeting of B cells in autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2023:S0165-2478(23)00075-5. [PMID: 37209914 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous pathologies characterized by a breakdown of immunological tolerance to self, resulting in a chronic and aberrant immune response to self-antigens. The scope and extent of affected tissues can vary greatly per autoimmune disease and can involve multiple organs and tissue types. The pathogenesis of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown but it is widely accepted that a complex interplay between (autoreactive) B and T cells in the context of breached immunological tolerance drives autoimmune pathology. The importance of B cells in autoimmune disease is exemplified by the successful use of B cell targeting therapies in the clinic. For example, Rituximab, a depleting anti-CD20 antibody, has shown favorable results in reducing the signs and symptoms of multiple autoimmune diseases, including Rheumatoid Arthritis, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody associated vasculitis and Multiple Sclerosis. However, Rituximab depletes the entire B cell repertoire, leaving patients susceptible to (latent) infections. Therefore, multiple ways to target autoreactive cells in an antigen-specific manner are currently under investigation. In this review, we will lay out the current state of antigen-specific B cell inhibiting or depleting therapies in the context of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanne Kroos
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Renee van de Wetering
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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3
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Angata T, Varki A. Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101117. [PMID: 35989204 PMCID: PMC9905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily proteins play diverse roles in vertebrates, including regulation of cellular responses by sensing endogenous or exogenous ligands. Siglecs are a family of glycan-recognizing proteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (i.e., I-type lectins). Siglecs are expressed on various leukocyte types and are involved in diverse aspects of immunity, including the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte proliferation, host-microbe interaction, and cancer immunity. Sialoadhesin/Siglec-1, CD22/Siglec-2, and myelin-associated glycoprotein/Siglec-4 were among the first to be characterized as members of the Siglec family, and along with Siglec-15, they are relatively well-conserved among tetrapods. Conversely, CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs, so named as they show high sequence similarity with CD33/Siglec-3) are encoded in a gene cluster with many interspecies variations and even intraspecies variations within some lineages such as humans. The rapid evolution of CD33rSiglecs expressed on leukocytes involved in innate immunity likely reflects the selective pressure by pathogens that interact and possibly exploit these Siglecs. Human Siglecs have several additional unique and/or polymorphic properties as compared with closely related great apes, changes possibly related to the loss of the sialic acid Neu5Gc, another distinctly human event in sialobiology. Multiple changes in human CD33rSiglecs compared to great apes include many examples of human-specific expression in non-immune cells, coinciding with human-specific diseases involving such cell types. Some Siglec gene polymorphisms have dual consequences-beneficial in a situation but detrimental in another. The association of human Siglec gene polymorphisms with several infectious and non-infectious diseases likely reflects the ongoing competition between the host and microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Perez-Zsolt D, Raïch-Regué D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Clotet B, Blanco J, Izquierdo-Useros N. HIV-1 trans-Infection Mediated by DCs: The Tip of the Iceberg of Cell-to-Cell Viral Transmission. Pathogens 2021; 11:39. [PMID: 35055987 PMCID: PMC8778849 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission is key for an effective viral replication that evades immunity. This highly infectious mechanism is orchestrated by different cellular targets that utilize a wide variety of processes to efficiently transfer HIV-1 particles. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells that initiate antiviral immune responses, but are also the cells with highest capacity to transfer HIV-1. This mechanism, known as trans-infection, relies on the capacity of DCs to capture HIV-1 particles via lectin receptors such as the sialic acid-binding I-type lectin Siglec-1/CD169. The discovery of the molecular interaction of Siglec-1 with sialylated lipids exposed on HIV-1 membranes has enlightened how this receptor can bind to several enveloped viruses. The outcome of these interactions can either mount effective immune responses, boost the productive infection of DCs and favour innate sensing, or fuel viral transmission via trans-infection. Here we review these scenarios focusing on HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses such as Ebola virus or SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perez-Zsolt
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Dàlia Raïch-Regué
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Jordana Muñoz-Basagoiti
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (D.P.-Z.); (D.R.-R.); (J.M.-B.); (C.A.-G.); (B.C.); (J.B.)
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, 08916 Badalona, Spain
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5
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First Evidence for a Role of Siglec-8 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042000. [PMID: 33670444 PMCID: PMC7922794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are involved in various immune cell-mediated diseases. Their role in cancer is poorly investigated, and research focusses on Siglec-expression on immune cells interacting with tumor cells. This study evaluates the role of Siglec-8 in breast cancer (BC). Siglec-8 expression was analyzed immunohistochemically on 235 primary BC cases and was correlated with clinical and pathological parameters and outcome. Cell culture experiments were performed with various BC cell lines. Siglec-8 was expressed in 215 BC cases and expression was lowest in triple-negative BC. It correlated with estrogen receptor-status, grading and the prognostic factors galectin (Gal)-7 and tumor-associated mucin-1 (TA-MUC1). However, Gal-7 and TA-MUC1 were only prognosticators for clinical outcome in the cohort expressing high (Immunoreactivity score IRS > 3) Siglec-8 levels but not in the low-expressing cohort. Siglec-8 knockdown led to a significantly reduced Gal-7 expression in MCF7 cells. All BC cell lines expressed low Siglec-8-levels, that could be elevated in MCF7 by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ)-stimulation. This study demonstrates that Siglec-8 is expressed in BC cells and correlates with known clinical and prognostic parameters. It is probably associated with Gal-7 and TA-MUC1 and might be regulated via PPARγ. Further analyses focusing on functional associations will clarify Siglec-8’s eligibility as a possible therapeutic target.
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Bandala-Sanchez E, Bediaga NG, Naselli G, Neale AM, Harrison LC. Siglec-10 expression is up-regulated in activated human CD4 + T cells. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:101-104. [PMID: 32046870 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Most sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) suppress immune cell function but are expressed at low levels on human T cells. We found that soluble CD52 inhibited T cell signalling by ligating Siglec-10, but the presence of Siglec-10 on human T cells has been questioned. To address this concern, we examined the expression of Siglec-10 at the RNA and protein level in human CD4+ T cells. Analysis by RNAseq, qPCR and flow cytometry demonstrated that, in contrast to other Siglecs, after activation of CD4+ T cells Siglec-10 was selectively upregulated in a subset of cells also high for CD52 expression. This observation is consistent with a homeostatic role for Siglec-10 in human CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bandala-Sanchez
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - N G Bediaga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Naselli
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Neale
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - L C Harrison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Yu S, Shen Z, Han X, Chai Y, Liu Y, Liu J, Lin X, Cui M, Zhang F, Li Q, Zhu Q. Molecular characterization and complement activating functional analysis of a new collectin(TfCol-11) from Trachidermus fasciatus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103486. [PMID: 31473265 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a crucial component of the innate immune system that links innate and adaptive immunity. CL-11, a protein similar to Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), plays significant role in the innate immune system in mammals and fish, serving as an initiator of the lectin pathway of complement activation. In this study, a CL-11 homolog (TfCol-11) was identified in roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus), and its expression and role in immune responses were characterized. The open reading frame of TfCol-11 is 795 bp long, encoding a 264 amino acid polypeptide. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein is highly homologous to sequences in other teleosts, and is similar to vertebrate CL-11, containing a canonical collagen-like region, a carbohydrate recognition domain, and a neck region. Recombinant TfCol-11 purified from Escherichia coli(E.coli) was able to bind to different microbes in a Ca2+-independent manner. Meanwhile, a 993 bp-long of partial MASP cDNA with a 96 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) was also cloned from roughskin sculpin, containing 299 amino acids and consisting of three domains (CUB-EGF-CUB). qRT-PCR indicated that TfCol-11 and MASP mRNAs were predominately co-expressed in the liver. The temporal expression of TfCol-11 and MASP were both drastically up-regulated in the liver, skin, and blood by LPS challenge. Recombinant TfCol-11 purified from E.coli BL21(DE3) was able to agglutinate some bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In addition, an in vitro pull-down experiment demonstrated that TfCol-11 was able to bind to MASP, and in vivo experiments showed that TfCol-11 was associated with increased membrane attack complex (MAC) levels. It is therefore possible that TfCol-11 may plays a role in activating the complement system and in the defense against invading microorganisms in roughskin sculpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Zilin Shen
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Yingmei Chai
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Lin
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Mengran Cui
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qiguang Li
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, PR China.
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8
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Identification of unexplored substrates of the serine protease, thrombin, using N-terminomics strategy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:449-459. [PMID: 31862363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function and regulation of thrombin is a complex as well as an intriguing aspect of evolution and has captured the interest of many investigators over the years. The reported substrates of thrombin are coagulation factors V, VIII, XI, XIII, protein C and fibrinogen. However, these may not be all the substrate of thrombin and therefore its functional role(s), may not have been completely comprehended. The purpose of our study was to identify hitherto unreported substrates of thrombin from human plasma using a N-terminomics protease substrate identification method. We identified 54 putative substrates of thrombin of which 12 are already known and 42 are being reported for the first time. Amongst the proteins identified, recombinant siglec-6 and purified serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein were validated by cleavage with thrombin. We have discussed the probable relevance of siglec-6 cleavage by thrombin in human placenta mostly because an upregulation in the expression of siglec-6 and thrombin has been reported in the placenta of preeclampsia patients. We also speculate the role of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein cleavage by thrombin in the acute phase as alpha-1-acid glycoprotein is known to be an inhibitor of platelet aggregation whereas thrombin is known to trigger platelet aggregation.
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9
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Li S, Ruan Z, Yang X, Li M, Yang D. Immune recognition, antimicrobial and opsonic activities mediated by a sialic acid binding lectin from Ruditapes philippinarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:66-72. [PMID: 31306758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a sialic acid-binding lectin was identified and characterized from Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (designed as RpSABL-1). Multiple alignments strongly suggested that RpSABL-1 was a new member of the sialic acid-binding lectin family. In non-stimulated clams, RpSABL-1 transcripts were constitutively expressed in all five tested tissues, especially in hepatopancreas. After Vibrio anguillarum challenge, the expression of RpSABL-1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 6 h (P < 0.05), 12 h (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.01). Recombinant RpSABL-1 protein (rRpSABL-1) displayed apparent binding activities towards lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN), but not to glucan or chitin in vitro. Coinciding with the PAMPs binding assay, rRpSABL-1 exhibited obvious agglutination activities against Gram-positive bacterium Staphyloccocus aureus, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, V. anguillarum and Vibrio harveyi. Meanwhile, rRpSABL-1 showed antibacterial activities against E. coli, and biofilm formation of E. coli could also be inhibited after incubated with rRpSABL-1. Moreover, the encapsulation, phagocytosis and chemotactic ability of hemocytes could be enhanced by rRpSABL-1. All these results suggested that RpSABL-1 could function as a pattern recognition receptor with versatile functions in the innate immune responses of R. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Li
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Zeli Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Xiyun Yang
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, PR China.
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
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10
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Bacterial sialoglycosidases in Virulence and Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8010039. [PMID: 30909660 PMCID: PMC6471121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral microbiome and dysbiotic infections have been recently evidently identified. One of the major reasons for such dysbiosis is impairment of the immune system. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tissues that surround and support the teeth. In the United States., approximately 65 million people are affected by this condition. Its occurrence is also associated with many important systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Among the most important etiologies of periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone bacterial pathogen. Keystone pathogens can orchestrate inflammatory disease by remodeling a normally benign microbiota causing imbalance between normal and pathogenic microbiota (dysbiosis). The important characteristics of P. gingivalis causing dysbiosis are its virulence factors which cause effective subversion of host defenses to its advantage allowing other pathogens to grow. Some of the mechanisms involved in these processes are still not well-understood. However, various microbial strategies target host sialoglycoproteins for immune dysregulation. In addition, the enzymes that break down sialoglycoproteins and sialoglycans are the “sialoglycoproteases”, resulting in exposed terminal sialic acid. This process could lead to pathogen-toll like receptor (TLR) interactions mediated through sialic acid receptor ligand mechanisms. Assessing the function of P. gingivalis sialoglycoproteases, could pave the way to designing carbohydrate analogues and sialic acid mimetics to serve as drug targets.
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11
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Misra A, Chakrabarti SS, Gambhir IS. New genetic players in late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Findings of genome-wide association studies. Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:135-144. [PMID: 30381536 PMCID: PMC6206761 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_473_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) or sporadic AD is the most common form of AD. The precise pathogenetic changes that trigger the development of AD remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in multiple genes which are associated with AD; most notably, these are ABCA7, bridging integrator 1(B1N1), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), CD33, clusterin (CLU), complement receptor 1 (CRI), ephrin type-A receptor 1 (EPHA1), membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) genes. The proteins coded by the candidate genes participate in a variety of cellular processes such as oxidative balance, protein metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and synaptic function. This review summarizes the major gene loci affecting LOAD identified by large GWASs. Tentative mechanisms have also been elaborated in various studies by which the proteins coded by these genes may exert a role in AD pathogenesis have also been elaborated. The review suggests that these may together affect LOAD pathogenesis in a complementary fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Misra
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Indrajeet Singh Gambhir
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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12
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Brückner C, Lehmann C, Dudziak D, Nimmerjahn F. Sweet SIGNs: IgG glycosylation leads the way in IVIG-mediated resolution of inflammation. Int Immunol 2019; 29:499-509. [PMID: 29300958 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is that there is an impaired resolution of inflammation and return to the steady state. The infusion of high doses of pooled serum IgG preparations from thousands of donors [intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy] has been shown to induce resolution of inflammation in a variety of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, suggesting that IgG molecules can instruct the immune system to stop inflammatory processes and initiate the return to the steady state. The aim of this review is to discuss how insights into the mechanism of IVIG activity may help to understand the molecular and cellular pathways underlying resolution of inflammation. We will put a special emphasis on pathways dependent on the IgG FC domain and IgG sialylation, as several recent studies have provided new insights into how this glycosylation-dependent pathway modulates innate and adaptive immune responses through different sets of C-type or I-type lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Brückner
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.,Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Wei X, Yang D, Li H, Jiang H, Liu X, Zhang Q, Yang J. Sialic acid-binding lectins (SABLs) from Solen grandis function as PRRs ensuring immune recognition and bacterial clearance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:477-483. [PMID: 29146448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding lectins (SABLs) are ubiquitous ancient molecules with binding properties to N-acetyl or N-glycolyl carbohydrates, and play crucial roles in both adaptive and innate immune responses. In present study, recombinant protein and antibodies of two SABLs from mollusk Solen grandis (SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2) were prepared to investigate their functions in innate immunity. The recombinant protein of SgSABL-1 (rSgSABL-1) could bind LPS, PGN and β-glucan in vitro, while rSgSABL-2 could only bind PGN rather than LPS and β-glucan. Be coincident with their PAMPs recognition properties, rSgSABL-1 displayed a broad agglutination spectrum towards gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus, gram-negative bacteria Listonella anguillarum and fungi Pichia pastoris, and rSgSABL-2 only showed remarkable agglutinative effect on M. luteus and L. anguillarum. More importantly, after PAMPs recognition, rSgSABL-1 and rSgSABL-2 enhanced phagocytosis as well as encapsulation ability of hemocytes in vitro, and the enhanced encapsulation could be blocked by specific antibodies. All these results indicated that SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2 functioned as two compensative pattern-recognition receptor (PRRs) with distinct recognition spectrum and involved in the innate immune response of S. grandis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wei
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hailin Jiang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xiangquan Liu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Guangxi, Guangxi Institute of Oceanology, Beihai 536000, China.
| | - Jialong Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Comparative Immunology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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14
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Prescher H, Schweizer A, Kuhfeldt E, Nitschke L, Brossmer R. New Human CD22/Siglec-2 Ligands with a Triazole Glycoside. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1216-1225. [PMID: 28374962 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is a member of the Siglec family. Considerable attention has been drawn to the design and synthesis of new Siglec ligands to explore target biology and innovative therapies. In particular, CD22-ligand-targeted nanoparticles with therapeutic functions have proved successful in preclinical settings for blood cancers, autoimmune diseases, and tolerance induction. Here we report the design, synthesis and affinity evaluation of a new class of Siglec ligands: namely sialic acid derivatives with a triazole moiety replacing the natural glycoside oxygen atom. In addition, we describe important and surprising differences in binding to CD22 expressed at the cell surface for compounds with distinct valences. The new class of compounds might serve as a template for the design of ligands for other members of the Siglec family and next-generation CD22-ligand-based targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Brossmer
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,G3-BioTec, 69207, Sandhausen, Germany
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15
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Graustein AD, Horne DJ, Fong JJ, Schwarz F, Mefford HC, Peterson GJ, Wells RD, Musvosvi M, Shey M, Hanekom WA, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ, Thuong NTT, Mai NTH, Caws M, Bang ND, Dunstan SJ, Thwaites GE, Varki A, Angata T, Hawn TR. The SIGLEC14 null allele is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis- and BCG-induced clinical and immunologic outcomes. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 104:38-45. [PMID: 28454648 PMCID: PMC7289319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have variable susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) and its outcomes. Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 are members of the sialic-acid binding lectin family that regulate immune responses to pathogens through inhibitory (Siglec-5) and activating (Siglec-14) domains. The SIGLEC14 coding sequence is deleted in a high proportion of individuals, placing a SIGLEC5-like gene under the expression of the SIGLEC14 promoter (the SIGLEC14 null allele) and causing expression of a Siglec-5 like protein in monocytes and macrophages. We hypothesized that the SIGLEC14 null allele was associated with Mtb replication in monocytes, T-cell responses to the BCG vaccine, and clinical susceptibility to TB. The SIGLEC14 null allele was associated with protection from TB meningitis in Vietnamese adults but not with pediatric TB in South Africa. The null allele was associated with increased IL-2 and IL-17 production following ex-vivo BCG stimulation of blood from 10 week-old South African infants vaccinated with BCG at birth. Mtb replication was increased in THP-1 cells overexpressing either Siglec-5 or Siglec-14 relative to controls. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between SIGLEC expression and clinical TB, Mtb replication, or BCG-specific T-cell cytokines.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Child, Preschool
- Cytokines/immunology
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/immunology
- Male
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/microbiology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Phenotype
- Prospective Studies
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- South Africa
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- THP-1 Cells
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Meningeal/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- Vietnam
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerry J Fong
- Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoang Mai
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Maxine Caws
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Duc Bang
- Pham Ngoc Thac Hospital for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sarah J Dunstan
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ajit Varki
- Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Mikulak J, Di Vito C, Zaghi E, Mavilio D. Host Immune Responses in HIV-1 Infection: The Emerging Pathogenic Role of Siglecs and Their Clinical Correlates. Front Immunol 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 28386256 PMCID: PMC5362603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms employed by HIV-1 to escape immune responses still represents one of the major tasks required for the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting a disease still lacking a definitive cure. Host innate immune responses against HIV-1 are key in the early phases of the infection as they could prevent the development and the establishment of two hallmarks of the infection: chronic inflammation and viral reservoirs. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) belong to a family of transmembrane proteins able to dampen host immune responses and set appropriate immune activation thresholds upon ligation with their natural ligands, the sialylated carbohydrates. This immune-modulatory function is also targeted by many pathogens that have evolved to express sialic acids on their surface in order to escape host immune responses. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is extensively covered by carbohydrates playing active roles in life cycle of the virus. Indeed, besides forming a protecting shield from antibody recognition, this coat of N-linked glycans interferes with the folding of viral glycoproteins and enhances virus infectivity. In particular, the sialic acid residues present on gp120 can bind Siglec-7 on natural killer and monocytes/macrophages and Siglec-1 on monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. The interactions between these two members of the Siglec family and the sialylated glycans present on HIV-1 envelope either induce or increase HIV-1 entry in conventional and unconventional target cells, thus contributing to viral dissemination and disease progression. In this review, we address the impact of Siglecs in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and discuss how they could be employed as clinic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, UOS di Milano, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (UOS/IRGB/CNR), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Comparison of the Protective Effects of Individual Components of Particulated trans-Sialidase (PTCTS), PTC and TS, against High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7212985. [PMID: 28337456 PMCID: PMC5350429 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7212985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) and membrane-shed microparticles (MPs) in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. H&S Science and Biotechnology developed PTCTS, composed by natural particles from medicinal plants (PTC) combined with trans-Sialidase (TS), to combat MPs and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Our aim was to determine the effects of the different components of PTCTS in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Rabbits were fed with high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and treated during the last 6 weeks with either vehicle, PTC, TS, or PTCTS. Lipid profile and quantification of MPs positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and oxidized LDL antigens were carried out. Aortas and organs were then histologically analyzed. PTCTS reduced circulating MPs positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and oxidized LDL antigens, reduced the plaque area in the abdominal aorta, and caused positive remodeling of the ascendant aorta. PTC caused positive remodeling and reduced plaque area in the abdominal aorta; however, TS had a lipid lowering effect. PTCTS components combined were more effective against atherosclerosis than individual components. Our data reinforce the infectious theory of atherosclerosis and underscore the potential role of circulating MPs. Therefore, the removal of Mycoplasma-derived MPs could be a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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18
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Arasu A, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Ganesh MR, Arockiaraj J. Bacterial membrane binding and pore formation abilities of carbohydrate recognition domain of fish lectin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:202-212. [PMID: 27729229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate molecules that are found in a wide variety of species ranging from bacteria to humans. In recent years, excessive usage of antibiotics resulted in development of multi-drug resistant pathogens which made researchers to focus on AMPs as potential substitute for antibiotics. Lily type mannose-binding lectin is an extended super-family of structurally and evolutionarily related sugar binding proteins. These lectins are well-known AMPs which play important roles in fish defense mechanism. Here, we report a full-length lily type lectin-2 (LTL-2) identified from the cDNA library of striped murrel, Channa striatus (Cs). CsLTL-2 protein contained B-lectin domain along with three carbohydrate binding sites which is a prominent characteristic functional feature of LTL. The mRNA transcripts of CsLTL-2 were predominantly expressed in gills and considerably up-regulated upon infection with fungus (Aphanomyces invadans) and bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila). To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the carbohydrate binding region of CsLTL-2, the region was synthesized (QP13) and its bactericidal activity was analyzed. In addition, QP13 was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and its binding affinity with the bacterial cell membranes was analyzed. Minimum inhibitory concentration assay revealed that QP13 inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 80 μM/ml. Confocal microscopic observation showed that FITC tagged QP13 specifically bound to the bacterial membrane. Fluorescence assisted cell sorter (FACS) assay showed that QP13 reduced the bacterial cell count drastically. Therefore, the mechanism of action of QP13 on E. coli cells was determined by propidium iodide internalization assay which confirmed that QP13 induced bacterial membrane disruption. Moreover, the peptide did not show any cytotoxicity towards fish peripheral blood leucocytes. Taken together, these results support the potentiality of QP13 that can be used as an antimicrobial agent against the tested pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Arasu
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts & Science College, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munuswamy-Ramanujam Ganesh
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Siddiqui S, Schwarz F, Springer S, Khedri Z, Yu H, Deng L, Verhagen A, Naito-Matsui Y, Jiang W, Kim D, Zhou J, Ding B, Chen X, Varki N, Varki A. Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1029-1037. [PMID: 27920204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD33-related Siglecs are a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells. Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands triggers signals that inhibit or activate inflammation. Immunomodulation by Siglecs has been extensively studied, but relationships between structure and functions are poorly explored. Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. We generated nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F. Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, whereas all antibodies recognized Siglec-E-Fc on immunoblots, binding was dependent on intact disulfide bonds and N-glycans, and only two antibodies recognized native Siglec-E within spleen lysates. Thus, we further investigated the impact of Siglec-E homodimerization. Homology-based structural modeling predicted a cysteine residue (Cys-298) in position to form a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides. Mutagenesis of Cys-298 confirmed its role in dimerization. In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. However, we found no differences in phosphorylation or SHP-1 recruitment between dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells. Phylogenomic analyses predicted that only some human and mouse Siglecs form disulfide-linked dimers. Notably, Siglec-9, the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E, occurs as a monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoib Siddiqui
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Flavio Schwarz
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Stevan Springer
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Zahra Khedri
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Hai Yu
- the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Lingquan Deng
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Andrea Verhagen
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Yuko Naito-Matsui
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | | | - Daniel Kim
- BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, California 92121
| | - Jie Zhou
- BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, California 92121
| | - Beibei Ding
- BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, California 92121
| | - Xi Chen
- the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Nissi Varki
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687
| | - Ajit Varki
- From the Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687,
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20
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Lin S, Lu L, Kang TS, Mergny JL, Leung CH, Ma DL. Interaction of an Iridium(III) Complex with G-Quadruplex DNA and Its Application in Luminescent Switch-On Detection of Siglec-5. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10290-10295. [PMID: 27678199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectin-5 (Siglec-5) is a type-I transmembrane protein, and it has been demonstrated as a biomarker of granulocytic maturation and acute myeloid leukemia phenotype. Herein we aimed to construct a method that could sensitively detect Siglec-5 by taking advantage of the high affinity and selectivity of the K19 aptamer for its cognate target, and the selective interaction of luminescent iridium(III) transition metal complexes with G-quadruplex DNA. The iridium(III) complex 1 [Ir(tpyd)2(2,9-dmphen)]PF6 (where tpyd =2-(m-tolyl)pyridine; 2,9-dmphen =2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized, and it displayed high luminescence for G-quadruplex DNA compared to dsDNA and ssDNA. Additionally, complex 1 exhibited a blue shift luminescence response to c-kit2 G-quadruplex, and the interaction between 1 and G-quadruplexes was discussed based on the results of G-tetrad assay, loop effect assay, and other assays. Then complex 1 was utilized to develop a G-quadruplex-based sensing platform for Siglec-5 in aqueous solution. Upon the addition of Siglec-5, the specific binding of the K19 aptamer sequence results in a conformational change that generates a split G-quadruplex structure, which is then recognized by the G-quadruplex-specific iridium(III) complex with an enhanced luminescent response. Futhermore, the use of the assay for detecting Siglec-5 in cellular debris was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China , 999077
| | - Lihua Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China , 999077.,College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao, China , 266109
| | - Tian-Shu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China , 999078
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- INSERM, U1212, CNRS, UMR 5320, IECB, Pessac, France , 33607.,University of Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory, Bordeaux, France , 33370
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao, China , 999078
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China , 999077
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21
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Varki A. Biological roles of glycans. Glycobiology 2016; 27:3-49. [PMID: 27558841 PMCID: PMC5884436 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1458] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to host glycans has also been studied for decades. But such biological roles can only explain some of the remarkable complexity and organismal diversity of glycans in nature. Reviewing the subject about two decades ago, one could find very few clear-cut instances of glycan-recognition-specific biological roles of glycans that were of intrinsic value to the organism expressing them. In striking contrast there is now a profusion of examples, such that this updated review cannot be comprehensive. Instead, a historical overview is presented, broad principles outlined and a few examples cited, representing diverse types of roles, mediated by various glycan classes, in different evolutionary lineages. What remains unchanged is the fact that while all theories regarding biological roles of glycans are supported by compelling evidence, exceptions to each can be found. In retrospect, this is not surprising. Complex and diverse glycans appear to be ubiquitous to all cells in nature, and essential to all life forms. Thus, >3 billion years of evolution consistently generated organisms that use these molecules for many key biological roles, even while sometimes coopting them for minor functions. In this respect, glycans are no different from other major macromolecular building blocks of life (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids), simply more rapidly evolving and complex. It is time for the diverse functional roles of glycans to be fully incorporated into the mainstream of biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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22
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Hardy CL. Specificity of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Homing to Bone Marrow: A Perspective. Hematology 2016; 5:391-401. [DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2000.11746535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L. Hardy
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS
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23
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Bochner BS. "Siglec"ting the allergic response for therapeutic targeting. Glycobiology 2016; 26:546-52. [PMID: 26911285 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a physician-scientist, I have pursued research related to translational immunology with the goal of improving our ability to diagnose and treat allergic, immunologic and other diseases involving eosinophils, basophils and mast cells. We have tried to delineate novel mechanisms of human disease, working whenever possible with primary human cells and tissues, attempting to identify targets that might be amenable to the development of new therapies. As a general strategy, we have compared eosinophils, basophils, mast cells and neutrophils to look for pathways in inflammation that were unique to distinct subsets of these cells. In doing so, the concepts of glycobiology did not enter my mind until we began noticing some intriguing functional differences involving selectins and their ligands among these cell types. One simple observation, that neutrophils were coated with a glycan that allowed them to interact with an endothelial adhesion molecule while eosinophils lacked this structure, pried open the glyco-door for me. Fruitful collaborations with card-carrying glycobiologists soon followed that have forever positively influenced our science, and have enhanced our hypotheses, experimental design, research opportunities and discoveries. Within a few years, we helped to discover Siglec-8, an I-type lectin expressed only on human eosinophils, basophils, mast cells. This receptor, together with its closest mouse counterpart Siglec-F, has been the primary focus of our work now for over a decade. If not for those in the fields of glycobiology and glycoimmunology, my lab would not have made much progress toward the goal of leveraging Siglec-8 for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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24
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Damasio DDC, Nolte S, Polak LP, Brandt AP, Bonan NB, Zischler L, Stuelp-Campelo PM, Cadena SMSC, Noronha LD, Elífio-Esposito SL, Moreno-Amaral AN. The lectin BJcuL induces apoptosis through TRAIL expression, caspase cascade activation and mitochondrial membrane permeability in a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. Toxicon 2014; 90:299-307. [PMID: 25194746 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of BJcuL, the lectin isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom, on human gastric carcinoma is accompanied by the inhibition of extracellular matrix adhesion, cytoskeleton disassembly and apoptosis induction. The present study aimed to evaluate the apoptosis mechanisms triggered by the BJcuL interaction with specific glycans on the surface of HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The results demonstrated that BJcuL interacts with glycoligands targets on the cell, which were inhibited in the presence of d-galactose. It shows a dose-dependently cytotoxic effect that is inhibited in the presence of d-galactose. A dose-dependent cell aggregation decrease was also observed for the HT29 cells. Analysis of cell proliferation inhibition was assessed by anti-PCNA and demonstrated that lectin diminishes PCNA expression when compared with untreated cells. Differences in apoptotic marker expression estimated by immunohistochemistry revealed that the lectin promotes an increase in TRAIL expression, leading to an increase in the expression of FADD, caspase-8 and Bax. Besides the increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins, our results revealed that the lectin promotes a mitochondrial respiration decrease and a 75% increase in the amount of cytochrome c released. Together these results suggest that the cytotoxicity of BJcuL can sensitize pro-apoptotic proteins in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, leading to the apoptotic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusa de Castro Damasio
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stefanie Nolte
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Puchetti Polak
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Brandt
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Natália Borges Bonan
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Zischler
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Stuelp-Campelo
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria S C Cadena
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selene L Elífio-Esposito
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andréa Novais Moreno-Amaral
- Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 80215-901, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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25
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Padler-Karavani V, Hurtado-Ziola N, Chang YC, Sonnenburg JL, Ronaghy A, Yu H, Verhagen A, Nizet V, Chen X, Varki N, Varki A, Angata T. Rapid evolution of binding specificities and expression patterns of inhibitory CD33-related Siglecs in primates. FASEB J 2013; 28:1280-93. [PMID: 24308974 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-241497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins that recognize sialoglycans via amino-terminal V-set domains. CD33-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs) on innate immune cells recognize endogenous sialoglycans as "self-associated molecular patterns" (SAMPs), dampening immune responses via cytosolic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs that recruit tyrosine phosphatases. However, sialic acid-expressing pathogens subvert this mechanism through molecular mimicry. Meanwhile, endogenous host SAMPs must continually evolve to evade other pathogens that exploit sialic acids as invasion targets. We hypothesized that these opposing selection forces have accelerated CD33rSiglec evolution. We address this by comparative analysis of major CD33rSiglec (Siglec-3, Siglec-5, and Siglec-9) orthologs in humans, chimpanzees, and baboons. Recombinant soluble molecules displaying ligand-binding domains show marked quantitative and qualitative interspecies differences in interactions with strains of the sialylated pathogen, group B Streptococcus, and with sialoglycans presented as gangliosides or in the form of sialoglycan microarrays, including variations such as N-glycolyl and O-acetyl groups. Primate Siglecs also show quantitative and qualitative intra- and interspecies variations in expression patterns on leukocytes, both in circulation and in tissues. Taken together our data explain why the CD33rSiglec-encoding gene cluster is undergoing rapid evolution via multiple mechanisms, driven by the need to maintain self-recognition by innate immune cells, while escaping 2 distinct mechanisms of pathogen subversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Padler-Karavani
- 39500 Gilman Dr., University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
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26
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Yang H, Yu S, Chai Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Ding X, Zhu Q. A galectin from roughskin sculpin, Trachidermus fasciatus: molecular cloning and characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:815-824. [PMID: 23791864 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, which have been proved to be involved in host-pathogen interactions by recognizing pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surface of virus, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. In this study, a galactoside-binding lectin homolog was identified from roughskin sculpin Trachidermus fasciatus, named TfGal. The full-length of TfGal cDNA was 1016 bp with a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 134 bp and a 3' UTR of 474 bp, and the open reading frame (ORF) is 408 bp. The deduced protein was composed of 135 amino acids, including a carbohydrate-recognition domain and a galactoside-type carbohydrate-binding motif H-NPR/W--E-R. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 58.52%-87.4% similarities with the galectins of the other fishes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that TfGal mRNA was abundantly expressed in the ovary, heart, stomach, skin, moderately expressed in the liver, brain, gills, spleen, and rarely expressed in the hemocytes, meat and intestine. The expression of TfGal mRNA in the hemocytes and the skin was dramatically up-regulated after challenged with LPS, reaching the highest level at 2 h post-challenge, and then dropped abruptly, while the expression of TfGal mRNA in the liver was up-regulated at 2-6 h post-challenge, and then returned to the normal level, with an increase at 96 h post-challenge again. However, no obvious change of the expression of TfGal mRNA was detected in the stomach. Recombinant TfGal purified from Escherichia coli (BL21) could agglutinate and/or bind microorganisms in Ca(2+)-independent manner. These results suggested that TfGal might be involved in the innate immune response of roughskin sculpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Ocean College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai 264209, PR China
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27
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Schwardt O, Kelm S, Ernst B. SIGLEC-4 (MAG) Antagonists: From the Natural Carbohydrate Epitope to Glycomimetics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 367:151-200. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Obata M, Kobori T, Hirohara S, Tanihara M. Synthesis of poly[2-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)ethyl-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates] and its lectin-binding and DNA-condensing properties. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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29
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Kiwamoto T, Kawasaki N, Paulson JC, Bochner BS. Siglec-8 as a drugable target to treat eosinophil and mast cell-associated conditions. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:327-36. [PMID: 22749793 PMCID: PMC3587973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectins) are members of the immunoglobulin gene family that contain sialoside binding N-terminal domains. They are cell surface proteins found predominantly on cells of the immune system. Among them, Siglec-8 is uniquely expressed by human eosinophils and mast cells, as well as basophils. Engaging this structure with antibodies or glycan ligands results in apoptosis in human eosinophils and inhibition of release of preformed and newly generated mediators from human mast cells without affecting their survival. Pro-apoptotic effects are also seen when its closest functional paralog, Siglec-F, on mouse eosinophils is similarly engaged in vitro, and beneficial effects are observed after administration of Siglec-F antibody using models of eosinophilic pulmonary and gastrointestinal inflammation in vivo. Siglec-8 targeting may thus provide a means to specifically inhibit or deplete these cell types. Cell-directed therapies are increasingly sought after by the pharmaceutical industry for their potential to reduce side effects and increase safety. The challenge is to identify suitable targets on the cell type of interest, and selectively deliver a therapeutic agent. By targeting Siglec-8, monoclonal antibodies and glycan ligand-conjugated nanoparticles may be ideally suited for treatment of eosinophil and mast cell-related diseases, such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria, hypereosinophilic syndromes, mast cell and eosinophil malignancies and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kiwamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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30
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Abstract
Sialic acids are a diverse family of monosaccharides widely expressed on all cell surfaces of vertebrates and so-called "higher" invertebrates, and on certain bacteria that interact with vertebrates. This overview surveys examples of biological roles of sialic acids in immunity, with emphasis on an evolutionary perspective. Given the breadth of the subject, the treatment of individual topics is brief. Subjects discussed include biophysical effects regulation of factor H; modulation of leukocyte trafficking via selectins; Siglecs in immune cell activation; sialic acids as ligands for microbes; impact of microbial and endogenous sialidases on immune cell responses; pathogen molecular mimicry of host sialic acids; Siglec recognition of sialylated pathogens; bacteriophage recognition of microbial sialic acids; polysialic acid modulation of immune cells; sialic acids as pathogen decoys or biological masks; modulation of immunity by sialic acid O-acetylation; sialic acids as antigens and xeno-autoantigens; antisialoglycan antibodies in reproductive incompatibility; and sialic-acid-based blood groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0687, USA.
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31
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Yang J, Wei X, Liu X, Xu J, Yang D, Yang J, Fang J, Hu X. Cloning and transcriptional analysis of two sialic acid-binding lectins (SABLs) from razor clam Solen grandis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:578-585. [PMID: 22281611 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding lectin (SABL) plays crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune responses benefiting from its predominant affinity toward glycan. In the present study, two SABLs from razor clam Solen grandis (designated as SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2) were identified, and their expression patterns, both in tissues and towards microorganism glycan stimulation, were then characterized. The cDNA of SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2 was 988 and 1281 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 744 and 570 bp, respectively, and deduced amino acid sequences showed high similarity to other invertebrates SABLs. Both SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2 encoded a C1q domain. SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2 were found to be constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues with different levels, including mantle, gill, gonad, hemocyte, muscle, and hepatopancreas, and both of them were highly expressed in hepatopancreas. SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2 could be significantly induced after razor clams were stimulated by acetylated subunits-containing glycan LPS and PGN, suggesting the two SgSABLs might perform potential function of glycan recognition. In addition, SgSABL-2 could also be induced by β-1,3-glucan. All these results indicated that SgSABL-1 and SgSABL-2 might be involved in the immune response against microbe infection and contributed to the pathogens recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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32
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Farid SS, Mirshafiey A, Razavi A. Siglec-8 and Siglec-F, the new therapeutic targets in asthma. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:721-6. [PMID: 22324980 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.589453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The recruitment of eosinophils from the circulation into the airway is a prominent feature of allergic asthma. Persistent inflammatory responses may arise from inefficient mechanisms for resolution of inflammation, including delayed apoptosis. Several studies suggest that eosinophil apoptosis is delayed in asthma. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are characterized by their sequence similarities and abilities to bind sialic acids in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Siglec-8 is uniquely expressed on eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils. Engagement of Siglec-8 on blood eosinophils results in caspase- and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Eosinophil apoptosis is an important therapeutic target for the development of novel anti-asthma treatments that specifically target the eosinophil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Sh Farid
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins, or Siglecs, vary in their specificity for sialic acid-containing ligands and are mainly expressed by cells of the immune system. Many Siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in innate immune cells that regulate inflammation mediated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs). This family also includes molecules involved in adhesion and phagocytosis and receptors that can associate with the ITAM-containing DAP12 adaptor. Siglecs contribute to the inhibition of immune cells both by binding to cis ligands (expressed in the same cells) and by responding to pathogen-derived sialoglycoconjugates. They can help maintain tolerance in B lymphocytes, modulate the activation of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and contribute to the regulation of T cell function both directly and indirectly. Siglecs modulate immune responses, influencing almost every cell in the immune system, and are of relevance both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pillai
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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34
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Obata M, Shimizu M, Ohta T, Matsushige A, Iwai K, Hirohara S, Tanihara M. Synthesis, characterization and cellular internalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) bearing α-d-mannopyranose. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Jia WZ, Shang N, Guo QL. Molecular cloning of rhamnose-binding lectin gene and its promoter region from snakehead Channa argus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 36:451-459. [PMID: 19326250 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that mediate pathogen recognition and cell-cell interactions. A rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) gene and its promoter region have been cloned and characterized from snakehead Channa argus. From the transcription initiation site, snakehead rhamnose-binding lectin (SHL) gene extends 2,382 bp to the end of the 3' untranslated region (UTR), and contains nine exons and eight introns. The open reading frame (ORF) of the SHL transcript has 675 bp which encodes 224 amino acids. The molecular structure of SHL is composed of two tandem repeat carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) with 35% internal identity. Analysis of the gene organization of SHL indicates that the ancestral gene of RBL may diverge and evolve by exon shuffling and gene duplication, producing new forms to play their own roles in various organisms. The characteristics of SHL gene 5' flanking region are the presence of consensus nuclear factor of interleukin 6 (NF-IL6) and IFN-gamma activation (GAS) sites. The results provide indirect evidence that up-regulation of SHL expression may be induced in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). The transcript of SHL mRNA was expressed in the head kidney, posterior kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, heart, muscle, and ovary. No tissue-specific expressive pattern is different from reported STLs, WCLs, and PFLs, suggesting that different types of RBLs exist in species-specific fish that have evolved and adapted to their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Jia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Shang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Q L Guo
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072, Wuhan, China.
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36
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Kawano N, Yoshida K, Iwamoto T, Yoshida M. Ganglioside GM1 Mediates Decapacitation Effects of SVS2 on Murine Spermatozoa1. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:1153-9. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.069054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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37
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Wang J, Shiratori I, Satoh T, Lanier LL, Arase H. An essential role of sialylated O-linked sugar chains in the recognition of mouse CD99 by paired Ig-like type 2 receptor (PILR). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1686-93. [PMID: 18209065 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The paired Ig-like type 2 receptor (PILR), which comprises both inhibitory and activating isoforms, is well conserved among most mammalians. The inhibitory PILRalpha possesses an ITIM in its cytoplasmic domain, whereas the activating PILRbeta does not have an ITIM but transduces activating signals by associating with the ITAM-bearing DAP12 adapter molecule. Both mouse PILRalpha and PILRbeta recognize mouse CD99, which is broadly expressed on various cells, including lymphocytes, and is involved in the regulation of immune responses. We herein report that sialylated O-linked sugar chains on CD99 are essential for the recognition by PILR. Mutations of one of two O-glycosylation sites on CD99 significantly reduced recognition of CD99 by the activating PILRbeta, whereas recognition by the inhibitory PILRalpha was not affected. In contrast, mutations of both O-glycosylation sites on CD99 completely abrogated the recognition by both PILRalpha and PILRbeta. PILR did not recognize CD99 treated with neuraminidase, and CD99 expressed on cells transfected with core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase was not recognized by PILR. NK cells expressing endogenous activating PILRbeta receptors mediated cytotoxicity against cells expressing wild-type CD99 but not cells expressing mutant CD99 that lacked O-glycosylation sites. These findings indicate that sialylated O-linked sugar structures on CD99 play an important role in the recognition of PILR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Varki A. Loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in humans: Mechanisms, consequences, and implications for hominid evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008. [PMID: 11786991 PMCID: PMC7159735 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surface of all mammalian cells is covered with a dense and complex array of sugar chains, which are frequently terminated by members of a family of molecules called sialic acids. One particular sialic acid called N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is widely expressed on most mammalian tissues, but is not easily detectable on human cells. In fact, it provokes an immune response in adult humans. The human deficiency of Neu5Gc is explained by an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding CMP‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in generating Neu5Gc in cells of other mammals. This deficiency also results in an excess of the precursor sialic acid N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in humans. This mutation appears universal to modern humans, occurred sometime after our last common ancestor with the great apes, and happens to be one of the first known human‐great ape genetic differences with an obvious biochemical readout. While the original selection mechanisms and major biological consequences of this human‐specific mutation remain uncertain, several interesting clues are currently being pursued. First, there is evidence that the human condition can explain differences in susceptibility or resistance to certain microbial pathogens. Second, the functions of some endogenous receptors for sialic acids in the immune system may be altered by this difference. Third, despite the lack of any obvious alternate pathway for synthesis, Neu5Gc has been reported in human tumors and possibly in human fetal tissues, and traces have even been detected in normal human tissues. One possible explanation is that this represents accumulation of Neu5Gc from dietary sources of animal origin. Finally, a markedly reduced expression of hydroxylase in the brains of other mammals raises the possibility that the human‐specific mutation of this enzyme could have played a role in human brain evolution. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 44:54–69, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center and Department of Medicine and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Zhuravleva MA, Trandem K, Sun PD. Structural implications of Siglec-5-mediated sialoglycan recognition. J Mol Biol 2007; 375:437-47. [PMID: 18022638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) Ig-like binding lectins are important mediators of recognition and signaling events among myeloid cells. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying sialic acid Ig-like lectin (Siglec) functions, we determined the crystal structure of the two N-terminal extracellular domains of human myeloid cell inhibitory receptor Siglec-5 (CD170) and its complexes with two sialylated carbohydrates. The native structure revealed an unusual conformation of the CC' ligand specificity loop and a unique interdomain disulfide bond. The alpha(2,3)- and alpha(2,6)-sialyllactose complexed structures showed a conserved Sia recognition motif that involves both Arg124 and a portion of the G-strand in the V-set domain forming beta-sheet-like hydrogen bonds with the glycerol side chain of the Sia. Only few protein contacts to the subterminal sugars are observed and mediated by the highly variable GG' linker and CC' loop. These structural observations, in conjunction with surface plasmon resonance binding assays, provide mechanistic insights into linkage-dependent Siglec carbohydrate recognition and suggest that Siglec-5 and other CD33-related Siglec receptors are more promiscuous in sialoglycan recognition than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Zhuravleva
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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40
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Scott CJ, Marouf WM, Quinn DJ, Buick RJ, Orr SJ, Donnelly RF, McCarron PA. Immunocolloidal Targeting of the Endocytotic Siglec-7 Receptor Using Peripheral Attachment of Siglec-7 Antibodies to Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2007; 25:135-46. [PMID: 17674157 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prepare a nanoparticulate formulation expressing variable peripheral carboxyl density using non-endcapped and endcapped poly(lactide-co-glycolide), conjugated to antibodies recognising the siglec-7 receptor, which is expressed on most acute myeloid leukaemias. The aim is to exploit this receptor as a therapeutic target by constructing an internalising drug-loaded nanoparticle able to translocate into cytoplasm by siglec receptor-mediated internalisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibodies to the siglec-7 (CD33-like) receptor were conjugated to dye-loaded nanoparticles using carbodiimide chemistry, giving 32.6 microg protein per mg of nanoparticles using 100% of the non-endcapped PLGA. Binding studies using cognate antigen were used to verify preservation of antibody function following conjugation. RESULTS Mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing recombinant siglec-7 receptor and exposed to Nile-Red-loaded nanoparticles conjugated to antibody accumulated intracellular fluorescence, which was not observed if either antibody or siglec-7 receptor was absent. Confocal microscopy revealed internalised perinuclear cytoplasmic staining, with an Acridine Orange-based analysis showing red staining in localised foci, indicating localisation within acidic endocytic compartments. CONCLUSIONS Results show antibody-NP constructs are internalised via siglec-7 receptor-mediated internalisation. If loaded with a therapeutic agent, antibody-NP constructs can cross into cytoplasmic space and delivery drugs intracellularly to cells expressing CD33-like receptors, such as natural killer cells and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Scott
- School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
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Crocker PR, Paulson JC, Varki A. Siglecs and their roles in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:255-66. [PMID: 17380156 DOI: 10.1038/nri2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1444] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell surfaces in the immune system are richly equipped with a complex mixture of glycans, which can be recognized by diverse glycan-binding proteins. The Siglecs are a family of sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins that are thought to promote cell-cell interactions and regulate the functions of cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems through glycan recognition. In this Review, we describe recent studies on signalling mechanisms and discuss the potential role of Siglecs in triggering endocytosis and in pathogen recognition. Finally, we discuss the postulated functions of the recently discovered CD33-related Siglecs and consider the factors that seem to be driving their rapid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Crocker
- Wellcome Trust Biocentre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD 15EH, UK.
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42
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Schwarz RS, Hodes-Villamar L, Fitzpatrick KA, Fain MG, Hughes AL, Cadavid LF. A gene family of putative immune recognition molecules in the hydroid Hydractinia. Immunogenetics 2007; 59:233-46. [PMID: 17216438 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-006-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animal taxa display a wide array of immune-type receptors that differ in their specificities, diversity, and mode of evolution. These molecules ensure effective recognition of potential pathogens for subsequent neutralization and clearance. We have characterized a family of putative immune recognition molecules in the colonial hydroid Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. A complementary DNA fragment with high similarity to the sea urchin L: -rhamnose-binding lectin was isolated and used to screen 9.5 genome equivalents of a H. symbiolongicarpus bacterial artificial chromosome library. One of the resulting 19 positive clones was sequenced and revealed the presence of a 5,111-bp gene organized in 13 exons and 12 introns. The gene was predicted to encode a 726-amino acid secreted modular protein composed of a signal peptide, an anonymous serine-rich domain, eight thrombospondin type 1 repeats, and a L: -rhamnose-binding lectin domain. The molecule was thus termed Rhamnospondin (Rsp). Southern hybridization and sequence analyses indicated the presence of a second Rsp gene. The cDNA from both Rsp genes was sequenced in 18 individuals, revealing high levels of genetic polymorphism. Nucleotide substitutions were distributed throughout the molecule and showed a significantly higher number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous sites than its nonsynonymous counterparts. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of microorganism-challenged colonies indicated that Rsp molecules were specifically and constitutively expressed in the hypostome of gastrozooids' mouth. Thus, the combination of (1) comparative analysis on domain composition and function, (2) polymorphism, and (3) expression patterns, suggest that Rsp genes encode a family of putative immune recognition receptors, which may act by binding microorganisms invading the colony through the polyp's mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Schwarz
- Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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Eichler W. Characteristics of two CD75-related cell-surface expressed antigens of human lymphocytes. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:2047-55. [PMID: 17067678 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The structure of cell surface carbohydrates expressed on human leukocytes is dependent on the cell's developmental stage, differentiation, and activation. Although modification of oligosaccharide side chains by sialylation is quite common, antigenic determinants on lymphocytes associated with the presence of sialoglycans are still incompletely defined. In the study presented here, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to characterize two novel but related cell surface carbohydrate antigens. One antigen, denominated as B8, is largely masked by sialyl residues on most lymphocytes, while it is detectable on the majority of B cells. Treatment with sialidase resulted in the exposure of B8 on the surface of blood cells including lymphocytes. Although the second carbohydrate antigen, C1, was sialidase-sensitive, its molecular properties and cellular distribution place it in close vicinity to B8. B8(+) as well as C1(+) lymphocytes were found predominantly in the mantle zone of secondary follicles of tonsillar tissue. These findings raised the possibility that B8 and C1 are closely related to a category of carbohydrate antigens previously classified as CDw76 (recently assigned to CD75s). MAbs directed against B8 or C1 precipitated 34, 37, 43, and 200kDa glycoproteins from tonsillar lymphocytes, indicating that identical cell surface proteins are associated with both antigens. In contrast to B8, however, the expression of C1 was increased on lymphocytes upon activation. Together the results suggest that CD75-related epitopes are distinct molecular entities which may be exposed on glycoproteins and are differently expressed on lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Eichler
- University of Leipzig, Eye Hospital, Liebigstrasse 10-14, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Dörner T, Kaufmann J, Wegener WA, Teoh N, Goldenberg DM, Burmester GR. Initial clinical trial of epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) for immunotherapy of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:R74. [PMID: 16630358 PMCID: PMC1526638 DOI: 10.1186/ar1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), so the safety and activity of anti-B cell immunotherapy with the humanized anti-CD22 antibody epratuzumab was evaluated in SLE patients. An open-label, single-center study of 14 patients with moderately active SLE (total British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) score 6 to 12) was conducted. Patients received 360 mg/m2 epratuzumab intravenously every 2 weeks for 4 doses with analgesic/antihistamine premedication (but no steroids) prior to each dose. Evaluations at 6, 10, 18 and 32 weeks (6 months post-treatment) follow-up included safety, SLE activity (BILAG score), blood levels of epratuzumab, B and T cells, immunoglobulins, and human anti-epratuzumab antibody (HAHA) titers. Total BILAG scores decreased by > or = 50% in all 14 patients at some point during the study (including 77% with a > or = 50% decrease at 6 weeks), with 92% having decreases of various amounts continuing to at least 18 weeks (where 38% showed a >/= 50% decrease). Almost all patients (93%) experienced improvements in at least one BILAG B- or C-level disease activity at 6, 10 and 18 weeks. Additionally, 3 patients with multiple BILAG B involvement at baseline had completely resolved all B-level disease activities by 18 weeks. Epratuzumab was well tolerated, with a median infusion time of 32 minutes. Drug serum levels were measurable for at least 4 weeks post-treatment and detectable in most samples at 18 weeks. B cell levels decreased by an average of 35% at 18 weeks and remained depressed at 6 months post-treatment. Changes in routine safety laboratory tests were infrequent and without any consistent pattern, and there was no evidence of immunogenicity or significant changes in T cells, immunoglobulins, or autoantibody levels. In patients with mild to moderate active lupus, 360 mg/m2 epratuzumab was well tolerated, with evidence of clinical improvement after the first infusion and durable clinical benefit across most body systems. As such, multicenter controlled studies are being conducted in broader patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joerg Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nick Teoh
- Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA
| | - David M Goldenberg
- Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, NJ, USA
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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Vallera DA, Brechbiel MW, Burns LJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Dusenbery KE, Clohisy DR, Vitetta ES. Radioimmunotherapy of CD22-expressing Daudi tumors in nude mice with a 90Y-labeled anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:7920-8. [PMID: 16278417 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of a high affinity, rapidly internalizing anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody for selectively delivering high-energy (90)Y radioactivity to B lymphoma cells in vivo. The antibody, RFB4, was readily labeled with (90)Y using the highly stable chelate, 1B4M-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Labeled RFB4 selectively bound to the CD22(+) Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Daudi, but not to CD22(-) control cells in vitro as compared with a control antibody, and was more significantly bound (P = 0.03) to Daudi solid tumors growing in athymic nude mice. Biodistribution data correlated well with the antitumor effect. The therapeutic effect of (90)Y-labeled anti-CD22 (Y22) was dose-dependent, irreversible, and the best results were achieved in mice receiving a single i.p. dose of 196 microCi. These mice displayed a significantly better (P < 0.01) antitumor response than control mice and survived >200 days with no evidence of tumor. Histology studies showed no significant injury to kidney, liver, or small intestine. Importantly, tumor-bearing mice treated with Y22 had no radiologic bone marrow damage compared with tumor-bearing mice treated with the control-labeled antibody arguing that the presence of CD22(+) tumor protected mice from bone marrow damage. When anti-CD22 radioimmunotherapy was compared to radioimmunotherapy with anti-CD19 and anti-CD45 antibodies, all three antibodies distributed significantly high levels of radioisotope to flank tumors in vivo compared with controls (P < 0.05), induced complete remission, and produced long-term, tumor-free survivors. These findings indicate that anti-CD22 radioimmunotherapy with Y22 is highly effective in vivo against CD22-expressing malignancies and may be a useful therapy for drug-refractory B cell leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Vallera
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology-Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
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Tsutsui S, Tasumi S, Suetake H, Kikuchi K, Suzuki Y. Carbohydrate-binding site of a novel mannose-specific lectin from fugu (Takifugu rubripes) skin mucus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 143:514-9. [PMID: 16488640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 01/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pufflectin-s, identified in the skin mucus of the fugu Takifugu rubripes, is a novel mannose-specific lectin with similar structure to monocotyledonous plant lectins. In the present study, mutational analysis was used to reveal the mannose-binding sites of pufflectin-s. Putative binding sites were mutated as follows: binding site 1; rPL-D32E (Asp32-->Glu32), rPL-N34S (Asn34-->Ser34) and rPL-V36A (Val36-->Ala36) whereas binding site 2; rPL-D61E (Asp61-->Glu61), rPL-N63S (Asn63-->Ser63) and rPL-V65A (Val65-->Ala65). All recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified with two chromatographic steps, and then subjected to mannose-binding assay by affinity chromatography. Recombinant wild-type pufflectin-s (rPL-wt) as well as three mutants with changes in binding site 2 could bind to mannose, in contrast to the three mutants with changes in binding site 1 in which mannose-binding activity was completely lost. These results clearly demonstrate that, at the least, binding site 1 is critical to mannose-binding activity in pufflectin-s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tsutsui
- Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Shizuoka 431-0211, Japan.
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Novel mannose-specific lectins found in torafugu, Takifugu rubripes: A review. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2006; 1:122-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Okamoto M, Tsutsui S, Tasumi S, Suetake H, Kikuchi K, Suzuki Y. Tandem repeat L-rhamnose-binding lectin from the skin mucus of ponyfish, Leiognathus nuchalis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:463-9. [PMID: 15950177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two lactose-binding lectins (PFL-1 and -2) were identified in the skin mucus of ponyfish, Leiognathus nuchalis. The molecular masses of PFL-1 and -2 were estimated to be 24 and 30kDa, respectively. Cloning of the PFL-1 cDNA demonstrated its unique tandem repeat structure composed of two homologous domains with 41.7% internal identity. Furthermore, PFL-1 exhibited homology with L-rhamnose-binding lectins previously purified from the eggs of fish and sea urchins. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of PFL-2 was similar to that of PFL-1, suggesting that this protein is an isotype of PFL-1. The PFL-1 gene was expressed in the skin, an important line of defense against pathogens in fish, but was not expressed in any of the other tissues tested here. PFL-1 is the fourth type of fish skin mucus lectin to be identified, suggesting that different species of fish express different types of lectin in their skin mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okamoto
- Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Maisaka, Shizuoka 431-0211, Japan
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Vallera DA, Todhunter DA, Kuroki DW, Shu Y, Sicheneder A, Chen H. A bispecific recombinant immunotoxin, DT2219, targeting human CD19 and CD22 receptors in a mouse xenograft model of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:3879-88. [PMID: 15897589 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel bispecific single-chain fusion protein, DT2219, was assembled consisting of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DT(390)) fused to two repeating sFv subunits recognizing CD19 and CD22 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Problems with yield, purity, and aggregation in the refolding step were solved by incorporating a segment of human muscle aldolase and by using a sodium N-lauroyl-sarcosine detergent-based refolding procedure. Problems with reduced efficacy were addressed by combining the anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 on the same single-chain molecule. DT2219 had greater anticancer activity than monomeric or bivalent immunotoxins made with anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 sFv alone and it showed a higher level of binding to patient leukemia cells and to CD19(+)CD22(+) Daudi or Raji cells than did anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 parental monoclonal antibodies. The resulting DT2219, mutated to enhance its avidity, was cytotoxic to Daudi cells in vitro (IC(50) = 0.3 nmol/L). In vivo, DT2219 was effective in a flank tumor therapy model in which it significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.05) and in a systemic model in which it significantly prolonged survival of severe combined immunodeficient mice with established Daudi (P < 0.008) compared with controls. DT2219 has broader reactivity in recognizing B-cell malignancies, has more killing power, and requires less toxin than using individual immunotoxin, which warrants further investigation as a new drug for treating B leukemia/lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Death
- Diphtheria Toxin/immunology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/immunology
- Female
- Immunotoxins/immunology
- Immunotoxins/pharmacology
- Lectins/immunology
- Leukemia, B-Cell
- Lymphoma, B-Cell
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Conformation
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
- Survival Analysis
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Vallera
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology-Radiation Oncology, Section on Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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Abstract
Animal glycan-recognizing proteins can be broadly classified into two groups-lectins (which typically contain an evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain [CRD]) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (SGAG)-binding proteins (which appear to have evolved by convergent evolution). Proteins other than antibodies and T-cell receptors that mediate glycan recognition via immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains are called "I-type lectins." The major homologous subfamily of I-type lectins with sialic acid (Sia)-binding properties and characteristic amino-terminal structural features are called the "Siglecs" (Sia-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectins). The Siglecs can be divided into two groups: an evolutionarily conserved subgroup (Siglecs-1, -2, and -4) and a CD33/Siglec-3-related subgroup (Siglecs-3 and -5-13 in primates), which appear to be rapidly evolving. This article provides an overview of historical and current information about the Siglecs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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