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Kordi M, Talkhounche PG, Vahedi H, Farrokhi N, Tabarzad M. Heterologous Production of Antimicrobial Peptides: Notes to Consider. Protein J 2024; 43:129-158. [PMID: 38180586 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Heavy and irresponsible use of antibiotics in the last century has put selection pressure on the microbes to evolve even faster and develop more resilient strains. In the confrontation with such sometimes called "superbugs", the search for new sources of biochemical antibiotics seems to have reached the limit. In the last two decades, bioactive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are polypeptide chains with less than 100 amino acids, have attracted the attention of many in the control of microbial pathogens, more than the other types of antibiotics. AMPs are groups of components involved in the immune response of many living organisms, and have come to light as new frontiers in fighting with microbes. AMPs are generally produced in minute amounts within organisms; therefore, to address the market, they have to be either produced on a large scale through recombinant DNA technology or to be synthesized via chemical methods. Here, heterologous expression of AMPs within bacterial, fungal, yeast, plants, and insect cells, and points that need to be considered towards their industrialization will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Kordi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Ghaedi Talkhounche
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Vahedi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Farrokhi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Chaurasia R, Liang C, How K, Vieira DS, Vinetz JM. Production and Purification of Cysteine-Rich Leptospiral Virulence-Modifying Proteins with or Without mCherry Fusion. Protein J 2023; 42:792-801. [PMID: 37653175 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant fluorescent fusion proteins are fundamental to advancing many aspects of protein science. Such proteins are typically used to enable the visualization of functional proteins in experimental systems, particularly cell biology. An important problem in biotechnology is the production of functional, soluble proteins. Here we report the use of mCherry-fusions of soluble, cysteine-rich, Leptospira-secreted exotoxins in the PF07598 gene family, the so-called virulence modifying (VM) proteins. The mCherry fusion proteins facilitated the visual detection of pink colonies of the VM proteins (LA3490 and LA1402) and following them through lysis and sequential chromatography steps. CD-spectroscopy analysis confirmed the stability and robustness of the mCherry-fusion protein, with a structure comparable to AlphaFold structural predictions. LA0591, a unique member of the PF07598 gene family that lacks N-terminal ricin B-like domains, was produced without mCherry tag that strengthens the recombinant protein production protocol without fusion protein as well. The current study provides the approaches for the synthesis of 50-125 kDa soluble, cysteine-rich, high-quality fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)-purified protein, with and without a mCherry tag. The use of mCherry-fusion proteins enables a streamlined, efficient process of protein production and qualitative and quantitative downstream analytical and functional studies. Approaches for troubleshooting and optimization were evaluated to overcome difficulties in recombinant protein expression and purification, demonstrating biotechnology utility in accelerating recombinant protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetika Chaurasia
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Cathleen Liang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth How
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dielson S Vieira
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Han J, Asano K, Matsumoto T, Yamada R, Ogino H. Engineering acyl-ACP reductase with fusion tags enhances alka(e)ne synthesis in Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110262. [PMID: 37224590 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alka(e)nes are high-value chemicals with a potentially broad range of industrial applications because of their following advantages: (1) chemical and structural resemblance to petroleum hydrocarbons and (2) higher energy density and hydrophobicity than those of other biofuels. The low yield of bio-alka(e)nes, however, hinders their commercial application. The activity and solubility of acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (AAR) affect alka(e)ne biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. The enhancement of the activity and concentration of soluble AAR through genetic and process engineering can improve bio-alka(e)ne yield. Although fusion tags are used to enhance the expression or solubility of recombinant proteins, their effectiveness in improving the production of bio-alka(e)nes has not yet been reported. Fusion tags can be used to improve the amount or activity of soluble AAR in Escherichia coli and to increase the yield of alka(e)nes in E. coli cells co-expressing aldehyde deformylating oxygenase (ADO). Hence, in the present study, histidine (His6/His12), thioredoxin (Trx), maltose-binding protein (MBP), and N-utilization substance (NusA) were used as AAR fusion tags. The strain expressing SeAAR with His12 tag and NpADO showed a 7.2-fold higher yield of alka(e)nes than the strain expressing AAR without fusion tag and NpADO. The highest titer of alka(e)nes (194.78 mg/L) was achieved with the His12 tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahu Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koki Asano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Yamada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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4
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Resolving the challenge of insoluble production of mature human growth differentiation factor 9 protein (GDF9) in E. coli using bicistronic expression with thioredoxin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123225. [PMID: 36649874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is an oocyte-derived protein with fundamental functions in folliculogenesis. While the crucial contributions of GDF9 in follicular survival have been revealed, crystallographic studies of GDF9 structure have not yet been carried out, essentially due to the insoluble expression of GDF9 in E. coli and lack of appropriate source for structural studies. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the impact of different expression rate of bacterial thioredoxin (TrxA) using bicistronic expression constructs to induce the soluble expression of mature human GDF9 (hGDF9) driven by T7 promoter in E. coli. Our findings revealed that in BL21(DE3), the high rate of TrxA co-expression at 30 °C was sufficiently potent for the soluble expression of hGDF9 and reduction of inclusion body formation by 4 fold. We also successfully confirmed the bioactivity of the purified soluble hGDF9 protein by evaluation of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene expression in bovine cumulus cells derived from small follicles. This study is the first to present an effective approach for expression of bioactive form of hGDF9 using TrxA co-expression in E. coli, which may unravel the current issues regarding structural analysis of hGDF9 protein and consequently provide a better insight into hGDF9 functions and interactions.
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5
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Wang X, Feng X, Xue R, Xu H, Wang R, Zhang L, Li S. Promoting soluble expression of hybrid mussel foot proteins by SUMO-TrxA tags for production of mussel glue. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:840-847. [PMID: 36402391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) display application potential with strong adhesion, enabling mussels to adhere firmly to various surfaces. Mytilus galloprovincialis foot protein 3B (Mgfp-3B) exhibits this characteristic remarkably. However, it remains a challenge for further research due to the low soluble expression of heterologous production. In this study, a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and thioredoxin A (TrxA), which catalyzed the proper folding of disulfide bridges, were selected to increase the soluble expression of mfps. An additional ribosome binding site was introduced between the molecular chaperones and Mgfp-3B (fp-3) to form a bicistronic translation-coupled expression vector for co-expression. The results revealed that the combination of SUMO-TrxA increased the soluble expression of fp-3 by 18.07 %. Furthermore, the SUMO-TrxA also boosted the soluble expression of hybrid mfps Mgfp-3B-Mfp-1 (fp-3-1) by 11.29 %, Mgfp-3B-Mgfp-3B (fp-3-3) by 19.91 %, and Mgfp-3B-Mgfp-5 (fp-3-5) by 14.03 %. Ultimately, by high cell density cultivation in a 5 L bioreactor, the yields of fp-3, fp-3-3, and fp-3-5 co-expressed with SUMO-TrxA reached 217.75 mg/L, 127.2 mg/L, and 97.28 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, soluble production of mfps holds great potential for the sustainable supply of protein adhesive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xinxin Feng
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rui Xue
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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6
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Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates a conserved motif in the Notch effector E(spl)-Mγ. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:781-790. [PMID: 36087252 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Across metazoan animals, the effects of Notch signaling are mediated via the Enhancer of Split (E(spl)/HES) basic Helix-Loop-Helix-Orange (bHLH-O) repressors. Although these repressors are generally conserved, their sequence diversity is, in large part, restricted to the C-terminal domain (CtD), which separates the Orange (O) domain from the penultimate WRPW tetrapeptide motif that binds the obligate co-repressor Groucho. While the kinases CK2 and MAPK target the CtD and regulate Drosophila E(spl)-M8 and mammalian HES6, the generality of this regulation to other E(spl)/HES repressors has remained unknown. To determine the broader impact of phosphorylation on this large family of repressors, we conducted bioinformatics, evolutionary, and biochemical analyses. Our studies identify E(spl)-Mγ as a new target of native CK2 purified from Drosophila embryos, reveal that phosphorylation is specific to CK2 and independent of the regulatory CK2-β subunit, and identify that the site of phosphorylation is juxtaposed to the WRPW motif, a feature unique to and conserved in the Mγ homologues over 50 × 106 years of Drosophila evolution. Thus, a preponderance of E(spl) homologues (four out of seven total) in Drosophila are targets for CK2, and the distinct positioning of the CK2 and MAPK sites raises the prospect that phosphorylation underlies functional diversity of bHLH-O proteins.
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7
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Abe T, Hakamata M, Nishiyama A, Tateishi Y, Matsumoto S, Hemmi H, Ueda D, Sato T. Identification and functional analysis of a new type of
Z,E
‐mixed prenyl reductase from mycobacteria. FEBS J 2022; 289:4981-4997. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Abe
- Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Japan
| | - Mariko Hakamata
- Department of Bacteriology Niigata University School of Medicine Japan
| | - Akihito Nishiyama
- Department of Bacteriology Niigata University School of Medicine Japan
| | | | | | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Department of Applied Molecular Bioscience Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Japan
| | - Daijiro Ueda
- Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Japan
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8
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Andrey M, Yana K, Olga G, Bogdana K, Sergey T, Lyudmila E, Nina T. Tick-borne encephalitis nonstructural protein NS1 expressed in E. coli retains immunological properties of the native protein. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 191:106031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Soluble Expression and Catalytic Properties of Codon-Optimized Recombinant Bromelain from MD2 Pineapple in Escherichia coli. Protein J 2021; 40:406-418. [PMID: 33713245 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bromelain, a member of cysteine proteases, is found abundantly in pineapple (Ananas comosus), and it has a myriad of versatile applications. However, attempts to produce recombinant bromelain for commercialization purposes are challenging due to its expressibility and solubility. This study aims to express recombinant fruit bromelain from MD2 pineapple (MD2Bro; accession no: OAY85858.1) in soluble and active forms using Escherichia coli host cell. The gene encoding MD2Bro was codon-optimized, synthesized, and subsequently ligated into pET-32b( +) for further transformation into Escherichia coli BL21-CodonPlus(DE3). Under this strategy, the expressed MD2Bro was in a fusion form with thioredoxin (Trx) tag at its N-terminal (Trx-MD2Bro). The result showed that Trx-MD2Bro was successfully expressed in fully soluble form. The protein was successfully purified using single-step Ni2+-NTA chromatography and confirmed to be in proper folds based on the circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis. The purified Trx-MD2Bro was confirmed to be catalytically active against N-carbobenzoxyglycine p-nitrophenyl ester (N-CBZ-Gly-pNP) with a specific activity of 6.13 ± 0.01 U mg-1 and inhibited by a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64 (IC50 of 74.38 ± 1.65 nM). Furthermore, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) Trx-MD2Bro was calculated to be at 5.64 ± 0.02 × 10-2 µM-1 s-1 while the optimum temperature and pH were at 50 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of Trx-MD2Bro was also affected by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or metal ions. Altogether it is proposed that the combination of codon optimization and the use of an appropriate vector are important in the production of a soluble and actively stable recombinant bromelain.
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10
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Ramezani A, Rasaee MJ, Jalaeefar A, Salmanian AH. Efficient detection of eukaryotic calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) by polyclonal antibody against prokaryotic expressed truncated CaSR. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7723-7734. [PMID: 33001312 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which is better known for its action as regulating calcium homeostasis, can bind various ligands. To facilitate research on CaSR and understand the receptor's function further, an in silico designed truncated protein was developed. The resulting protein folding indicated that 99% of predicted three dimensional (3D) structure residues are located in favored and allowed Ramachandran plots. However, it was found that such protein does not fold properly when expressed in prokaryotic host cells. Thioredoxin (Trx) tag was conjugated to increase the final protein's solubility, which could help obtain the soluble antigen with better immunogenic properties. The truncated recombinant proteins were expressed and purified in two forms (Trx-CaSR: RR19 and CaSR: RRJ19). The polyclonal antibody was induced by the rabbit immunization with the form of RR19. Western blot on mouse kidney lysates evidenced the proper immune recognition of the receptor by the produced antibody. The specificity and sensitivity of antibodies were also assayed by immunohistofluorescence. These experiments affirmed antibody's ability to indicate the receptor on the cell surface in native form and the possibility of applying such antibodies in further cellular and tissue assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghdas Ramezani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, PO Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, PO Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirmohsen Jalaeefar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hatef Salmanian
- Departments of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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de Moura WAF, Schultz L, Breyer CA, de Oliveira ALP, Tairum CA, Fernandes GC, Toyama MH, Pessoa-Jr A, Monteiro G, de Oliveira MA. Functional and structural evaluation of the antileukaemic enzyme L-asparaginase II expressed at low temperature by different Escherichia coli strains. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2333-2344. [PMID: 32638188 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02955-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) affects lymphoblastic cells and is the most common neoplasm during childhood. Among the pharmaceuticals used in the treatment protocols for ALL, Asparaginase (ASNase) from Escherichia coli (EcAII) is an essential biodrug. Meanwhile, the use of EcAII in neoplastic treatments causes several side effects, such as immunological reactions, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, depression, and coagulation abnormalities. Commercial EcAII is expressed as a recombinant protein, similar to novel enzymes from different organisms; in fact, EcAII is a tetrameric enzyme with high molecular weight (140 kDa), and its overexpression in recombinant systems often results in bacterial cell death or the production of aggregated or inactive EcAII protein, which is related to the formation of inclusion bodies. On the other hand, several commercial expression strains have been developed to overcome these expression issues, but no studies on a systematic evaluation of the E. coli strains aiming to express recombinant asparaginases have been performed to date. In this study, we evaluated eleven expression strains at a low temperature (16 °C) with different characteristics to determine which is the most appropriate for asparaginase expression; recombinant wild-type EcAII (rEcAII) was used as a prototype enzyme and the secondary structure content, oligomeric state, aggregation and specific activity of the enzymes were assessed. Structural analysis suggested that a correctly folded tetrameric rEcAII was obtained using ArcticExpress (DE3), a strain that co-express chaperonins, while all other strains produced poorly folded proteins. Additionally, the enzymatic assays showed high specific activity of proteins expressed by ArcticExpress (DE3) when compared to the other strains used in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Alfinito Feio de Moura
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Schultz
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Breyer
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Pires de Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Abrunhosa Tairum
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Costa Fernandes
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hikari Toyama
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa-Jr
- Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio de Oliveira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Coastal Campus, São Vicente, São Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil.
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Barragan-Galvez JC, Gonzalez-Orozco M, Hernandez-Flores A, Maravillas-Montero JL, Chavez-Guerrero Y, Ortiz-Navarrete V. Prokaryotic Expression of the Immunoglobulin's Domains of CRTAM to Characterize a Monoclonal Antibody. Protein J 2020; 39:224-231. [PMID: 32300914 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Class-I restricted T cell-associated molecule (CRTAM) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and it is closely related to nectin-like protein. CRTAM is expressed in activated CD8 T cells, NKT cells, NK cells and in a subpopulation CD4 T cells. In this study, we produce as recombinant proteins, the Ig-domains of CRTAM (IgV-IgC), the IgV, and the IgC. These proteins were successfully purified in the soluble fraction only if the stalk region was included. The recombinant CRTAM recognizes its ligand nectin-like 2 in a cell-free system. We also demonstrate that the IgC domain of CRTAM is recognized by the anti-hCRTAM monoclonal antibody C8 with a 0.62 nM affinity. In conclusion, the stalk region of CRTAM provides solubility for the expression of its Ig-domains as recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Barragan-Galvez
- Biomedical Sciences Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Circuito Interior s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Orozco
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN 2508. Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A Madero, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jose Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Research Support Network, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yedhani Chavez-Guerrero
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN 2508. Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A Madero, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN 2508. Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A Madero, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Logashina YA, Korolkova YV, Maleeva EE, Osmakov DI, Kozlov SA, Andreev YA. Refolding of disulfide containing peptides in fusion with thioredoxin. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Ancín M, Sanz-Barrio R, Santamaría E, Fernández-San Millán A, Larraya L, Veramendi J, Farran I. Functional Improvement of Human Cardiotrophin 1 Produced in Tobacco Chloroplasts by Co-expression with Plastid Thioredoxin m. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020183. [PMID: 32024318 PMCID: PMC7076529 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human cardiotrophin 1 (CT1), a cytokine with excellent therapeutic potential, was previously expressed in tobacco chloroplasts. However, the growth conditions required to reach the highest expression levels resulted in an impairment of its bioactivity. In the present study, we have examined new strategies to modulate the expression of this recombinant protein in chloroplasts so as to enhance its production and bioactivity. In particular, we assessed the effect of both the fusion and co-expression of Trx m with CT1 on the production of a functional CT1 by using plastid transformation. Our data revealed that the Trx m fusion strategy was useful to increase the expression levels of CT1 inside the chloroplasts, although CT1 bioactivity was significantly impaired, and this was likely due to steric hindrance between both proteins. By contrast, the expression of functional CT1 was increased when co-expressed with Trx m, because we demonstrated that recombinant CT1 was functionally active during an in vitro signaling assay. While Trx m/CT1 co-expression did not increase the amount of CT1 in young leaves, our results revealed an increase in CT1 protein stability as the leaves aged in this genotype, which also improved the recombinant protein's overall production. This strategy might be useful to produce other functional biopharmaceuticals in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ancín
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Ruth Sanz-Barrio
- National Centre for Biotechnology, Plant Molecular Genetics Department, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Santamaría
- Hepatology Program, University of Navarra, CIMA, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Fernández-San Millán
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Luis Larraya
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Jon Veramendi
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
| | - Inmaculada Farran
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, UPNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (A.F.-S.M.); (L.L.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-168034
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15
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An ultra-stable cytoplasmic antibody engineered for in vivo applications. Nat Commun 2020; 11:336. [PMID: 31953402 PMCID: PMC6969036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cytoplasmic protein–protein interactions with antibodies remains technically challenging, since antibodies expressed in the cytosol frequently form insoluble aggregates. Existing engineering methods are based on the notion that the estimated net charge at pH 7.4 affects stability; as such, they are unable to overcome this problem. Herein, we report a versatile method for engineering an ultra-stable cytoplasmic antibody (STAND), with a strong estimated net negative charge at pH 6.6, by fusing peptide tags with a highly negative charge and a low isoelectric point. Without the need for complicated amino acid substitutions, we convert aggregation-prone antibodies to STANDs that are useful for inhibiting in vivo transmitter release, modulating animal behaviour, and inhibiting in vivo cancer proliferation driven by mutated Kras—long recognised as an “undruggable” oncogenic protein. The STAND method shows promise for targeting endogenous cytoplasmic proteins in basic biology and for developing future disease treatments. Antibodies expressed in the cytosol often form insoluble aggregates, which makes it hard to target intracellular proteins. Here the authors engineer an ultra-stable cytoplasmic antibody (STAND) with a low isoelectric point that can be used in vivo.
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16
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Huang L, Yu L, Li Z, Li Y, Yoon KS, Hu Q, Yuan L, Han D. Microalgal plastidial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase interacts with upstream glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and defines its substrate selectivity via the two transmembrane domains. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Enhanced 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Production by Co-expression of Codon-Optimized hemA Gene with Chaperone in Genetic Engineered Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:299-312. [PMID: 31845195 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an important metabolic intermediate compound with high value and has recently been used in agriculture and medicine. In this study, we have constructed six recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains that are involved in pET system under the regulation of the T7 promoter and LacI to express codon-optimized hemA gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus (RchemA) for ALA production via the C4 pathway. Due to codon optimization, hemA has a high transcriptional level; however, most RcHemA proteins were formed as inclusion body. To improve expression in soluble form, the vector with TrxA fusion tag was successfully used and co-expressed with partner GroELS as chaperone in another vector. As a result, ALA production increased significantly from 1.21 to 3.67 g/L. In addition, optimal ALA production was developed through adjustment of induction time and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, as well as substrate addition conditions. By adopting a two-stage induction strategy, the highest ALA reached 5.66 g/L when 0.1 mM of IPTG was added at early exponential phase (i.e., OD600 was equal to 0.7 to 0.8), while 6 g/L of glycine, 2 g/L of succinate, and 0.03 mM of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) were provided in the mid-exponential phase in fermentation.
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18
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Hebditch M, Carballo-Amador MA, Charonis S, Curtis R, Warwicker J. Protein-Sol: a web tool for predicting protein solubility from sequence. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:3098-3100. [PMID: 28575391 PMCID: PMC5870856 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Protein solubility is an important property in industrial and therapeutic applications. Prediction is a challenge, despite a growing understanding of the relevant physicochemical properties. Results Protein–Sol is a web server for predicting protein solubility. Using available data for Escherichia coli protein solubility in a cell-free expression system, 35 sequence-based properties are calculated. Feature weights are determined from separation of low and high solubility subsets. The model returns a predicted solubility and an indication of the features which deviate most from average values. Two other properties are profiled in windowed calculation along the sequence: fold propensity, and net segment charge. The utility of these additional features is demonstrated with the example of thioredoxin. Availability and implementation The Protein–Sol webserver is available at http://protein-sol.manchester.ac.uk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Hebditch
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | | | - Spyros Charonis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Robin Curtis
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jim Warwicker
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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19
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Han Y, Guo W, Su B, Guo Y, Wang J, Chu B, Yang G. High-level expression of soluble recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli using an HE-maltotriose-binding protein fusion tag. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 142:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Wang X, Lei G, Wu X, Wang F, Lai C, Li Z. Expression, purification and characterization of sll1981 protein from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 139:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Rhoads MK, Hauk P, Terrell J, Tsao CY, Oh H, Raghavan SR, Mansy SS, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Incorporating LsrK AI-2 quorum quenching capability in a functionalized biopolymer capsule. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:278-289. [PMID: 28782813 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is an issue of increasing severity as current antibiotics are losing their effectiveness and fewer antibiotics are being developed. New methods for combating bacterial virulence are required. Modulating molecular communication among bacteria can alter phenotype, including attachment to epithelia, biofilm formation, and even toxin production. Intercepting and modulating communication networks provide a means to attenuate virulence without directly interacting with the bacteria of interest. In this work, we target communication mediated by the quorum sensing (QS) bacterial autoinducer-2, AI-2. We have assembled a capsule of biological polymers alginate and chitosan, attached an AI-2 processing kinase, LsrK, and provided substrate, ATP, for enzymatic alteration of AI-2 in culture fluids. Correspondingly, AI-2 mediated QS activity is diminished. All components of this system are "biofabricated"-they are biologically derived and their assembly is accomplished using biological means. Initially, component quantities and kinetics were tested as assembled in microtiter plates. Subsequently, the identical components and assembly means were used to create the "artificial cell" capsules. The functionalized capsules, when introduced into populations of bacteria, alter the dynamics of the AI-2 bacterial communication, attenuating QS activated phenotypes. We envision the assembly of these and other capsules or similar materials, as means to alter QS activity in a biologically compatible manner and in many environments, including in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Rhoads
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Pricila Hauk
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Jessica Terrell
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Chen-Yu Tsao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Sheref S Mansy
- CIBIO-Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gregory F Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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22
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A New Player in the Biorefineries Field: Phasin PhaP Enhances Tolerance to Solvents and Boosts Ethanol and 1,3-Propanediol Synthesis in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00662-17. [PMID: 28476770 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00662-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial production of biofuels and other added-value chemicals is often limited by the intrinsic toxicity of these compounds. The phasin PhaP from the soil bacterium Azotobacter sp. strain FA8 is a polyhydroxyalkanoate granule-associated protein that protects recombinant Escherichia coli against several kinds of stress. PhaP enhances growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in polymer-producing recombinant strains and reduces the formation of inclusion bodies during overproduction of heterologous proteins. In this work, the heterologous expression of this phasin in E. coli was used as a strategy to increase tolerance to several biotechnologically relevant chemicals. PhaP was observed to enhance bacterial fitness in the presence of biofuels, such as ethanol and butanol, and other chemicals, such as 1,3-propanediol. The effect of PhaP was also studied in a groELS mutant strain, in which both GroELS and PhaP were observed to exert a beneficial effect that varied depending on the chemical tested. Lastly, the potential of PhaP and GroEL to enhance the accumulation of ethanol or 1,3-propanediol was analyzed in recombinant E. coli Strains that overexpressed either groEL or phaP had increased growth, reflected in a higher final biomass and product titer than the control strain. Taken together, these results add a novel application to the already multifaceted phasin protein group, suggesting that expression of these proteins or other chaperones can be used to improve the production of biofuels and other chemicals.IMPORTANCE This work has both basic and applied aspects. Our results demonstrate that a phasin with chaperone-like properties can increase bacterial tolerance to several biochemicals, providing further evidence of the diverse properties of these proteins. Additionally, both the PhaP phasin and the well-known chaperone GroEL were used to increase the biosynthesis of the biotechnologically relevant compounds ethanol and 1,3-propanediol in recombinant E. coli These findings open the road for the use of these proteins for the manipulation of bacterial strains to optimize the synthesis of diverse bioproducts from renewable carbon sources.
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23
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Recombinant production of influenza hemagglutinin and HIV-1 GP120 antigenic peptides using a cleavable self-aggregating tag. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35430. [PMID: 27808126 PMCID: PMC5093863 DOI: 10.1038/srep35430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for antigenic peptides in the development of novel serologic diagnostics and epitope-based vaccines requires rapid and reliable peptide synthesis techniques. Here we investigated a method for efficient recombinant expression and purification of medium- to large-sized antigenic peptides in E. coli. Previously we devised a streamlined protein expression and purification scheme based on a cleavable self-aggregating tag (cSAT), which comprised an intein molecule and a self-aggregating peptide ELK16. In this scheme, the target proteins were fused in the C-termini with cSAT and expressed as insoluble aggregates. After intein self-cleavage, target proteins were released into the soluble fraction with high yield and reasonable purity. We demonstrated the applicability of this scheme by preparing seven model viral peptides, with lengths ranging from 32 aa to 72 aa. By adding an N-terminal thioredoxin tag, we enhanced the yield of target peptides released from the aggregates. The purified viral peptides demonstrated high antigenic activities in ELISA and were successfully applied to dissecting the antigenic regions of influenza hemagglutinin. The cSAT scheme described here allows for the rapid and low-cost preparation of multiple antigenic peptides for immunological screening of a broad range of viral antigens.
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24
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Cinnamon Oil Inhibits Shiga Toxin Type 2 Phage Induction and Shiga Toxin Type 2 Production in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6531-6540. [PMID: 27590808 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01702-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of cinnamon oil against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Shiga toxin (Stx) production and further explored the underlying mechanisms. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon oil against E. coli O157:H7 were 0.025% and 0.05% (vol/vol), respectively. Cinnamon oil significantly reduced Stx2 production and the stx2 mRNA expression that is associated with diminished Vero cell cytotoxicity. Consistently, induction of the Stx-converting phage where the stx2 gene is located, along with the total number of phages, decreased proportionally to cinnamon oil concentration. In line with decreased Stx2 phage induction, cinnamon oil at 0.75× and 1.0× MIC eliminated RecA, a key mediator of SOS response, polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), and poly(A) polymerase (PAP I), which positively regulate Stx-converting phages, contributing to reduced Stx-converting phage induction and Stx production. Furthermore, cinnamon oil at 0.75× and 1.0× MIC strongly inhibited the qseBC and luxS expression associated with decreased AI-2 production, a universal quorum sensing signaling molecule. However, the expression of oxidative stress response genes oxyR, soxR, and rpoS was increased in response to cinnamon oil at 0.25× or 0.5× MIC, which may contribute to stunted bacterial growth and reduced Stx2 phage induction and Stx2 production due to the inhibitory effect of OxyR on prophage activation. Collectively, cinnamon oil inhibits Stx2 production and Stx2 phage induction in E. coli O157:H7 in multiple ways. IMPORTANCE This study reports the inhibitory effect of cinnamon oil on Shiga toxin 2 phage induction and Shiga toxin 2 production. Subinhibitory concentrations (concentrations below the MIC) of cinnamon oil reduced Stx2 production, stx2 mRNA expression, and cytotoxicity on Vero cells. Subinhibitory concentrations of cinnamon oil also dramatically reduced both the Stx2 phage and total phage induction in E. coli O157:H7, which may be due to the suppression of RNA polyadenylation enzyme PNPase at 0.25× to 1.0× MIC and the downregulation of bacterial SOS response key regulator RecA and RNA polyadenylation enzyme PAP I at 0.75× or 1.0× MIC. Cinnamon oil at higher levels (0.75× and 1.0× MIC) eliminated quorum sensing and oxidative stress. Therefore, cinnamon oil has potential applications as a therapeutic to control E. coli O157:H7 infection through inhibition of bacterial growth and virulence factors.
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25
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Yoshida A, Tomita T, Atomi H, Kuzuyama T, Nishiyama M. Lysine Biosynthesis of Thermococcus kodakarensis with the Capacity to Function as an Ornithine Biosynthetic System. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21630-21643. [PMID: 27566549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.743021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered a biosynthetic system using a novel amino group carrier protein called LysW for lysine biosynthesis via α-aminoadipate (AAA), and revealed that this system is also utilized in the biosynthesis of arginine by Sulfolobus In the present study, we focused on the biosynthesis of lysine and ornithine in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis, and showed that their biosynthesis is accomplished by a single set of metabolic enzymes. We also determined the crystal structure of the LysX family protein from T. kodakarensis, which catalyzes the conjugation of LysW with either AAA or glutamate, in a complex with LysW-γ-AAA. This crystal structure is the first example to show how LysX recognizes AAA as a substrate and provides a structural basis for the bifunctionality of the LysX family protein from T. kodakarensis Based on comparisons with other LysX family proteins, we propose a mechanism for substrate recognition and its relationship with molecular evolution among LysX family proteins, which have different substrate specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yoshida
- From the Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657
| | - Takeo Tomita
- From the Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657
| | - Haruyuki Atomi
- the Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, and.,the Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kuzuyama
- From the Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- From the Biotechnology Research Center, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
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26
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Telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) activity upon recombinant expression and purification of human telomerase in a bacterial system. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 123:6-13. [PMID: 26965413 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase biogenesis is a highly regulated process that solves the DNA end-replication problem. Recombinant expression has so far been accomplished only within a eukaryotic background. Towards structural and functional analyses, we developed bacterial expression of human telomerase. Positive activity by the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was identified in cell extracts of Escherichia coli expressing a sequence-optimized hTERT gene, the full-length hTR RNA with a self-splicing hepatitis delta virus ribozyme, and the human heat shock complex of Hsp90, Hsp70, p60/Hop, Hsp40, and p23. The Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin did not affect post-assembly TRAP activity. By various purification methods, TRAP activity was also obtained upon expression of only hTERT and hTR. hTERT was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry in a ∼120 kDa SDS-PAGE fragment from a TRAP-positive purification fraction. TRAP activity was also supported by hTR constructs lacking the box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA domain. End-point TRAP indicated expression levels within 3-fold of that from HeLa carcinoma cells, which is several orders of magnitude below detection by the direct assay. These results represent the first report of TRAP activity from a bacterium and provide a facile system for the investigation of assembly factors and anti-cancer therapeutics independently of a eukaryotic setting.
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27
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Frank DJ, Waddling CA, La M, Ortiz de Montellano PR. Cytochrome P450 125A4, the Third Cholesterol C-26 Hydroxylase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6909-16. [PMID: 26522442 PMCID: PMC4660985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msmeg) can grow on cholesterol as the sole carbon
source. In Mtb the utilization of cholesterol can
be initiated by CYP125A1 or CYP142A1
and in Msmeg by the orthologous CYP125A3 and CYP142A2.
Double knockout of the two enzymes in Mtb prevents
its growth on cholesterol, but the double knockout of Msmeg is still able to grow, albeit at a slower rate. We report here that Msmeg has a third enzyme, CYP125A4, that also oxidizes cholesterol,
although it has a much higher activity for the oxidation of 7α-hydroxycholesterol.
The ability of Msmeg CYP125A4 (and Mtb CYP125A1) to oxidize 7α-hydroxycholesterol is due, at least
in part, to the presence of a smaller amino acid side chain facing
C-7 of the sterol substrate than in CYP125A3. The ability to oxidize
7-substituted steroids broadens the range of sterol carbon sources
for growth, but even more importantly in Mtb, additional
biological effects are possible due to the potent immunomodulatory
activity of 7α,26-dihydroxycholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Frank
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Christopher A Waddling
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Maggie La
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
| | - Paul R Ortiz de Montellano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California , San Francisco, California 94158-2517, United States
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28
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Khalili M, Soleyman MR, Baazm M, Beyer C. High-level expression and purification of soluble bioactive recombinant human heparin-binding epidermal growth factor in Escherichia coli. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:858-64. [PMID: 25712700 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of highly conserved superfamily of proteins that has potential mitogenic activity and stimulates differentiation and migration of various cell types. Since HB-EGF has three intra-molecular disulfide bonds, a high expression pattern of active HB-EGF in an E. coli expression system was not successfully established. The aim of this study was to increase production of soluble bioactive recombinant human HB-EGF in E. coli by modifying growth conditions and codon optimization. The open reading frame codons of human HB-EGF were optimized to achieve high level expression in E. coli. The optimized codon was amplified, cloned into plasmid pET-32a, and transformed into E. coli BL21 for further expression. The cultivation parameters (temperature and inducer) were optimized to produce a high yield of soluble HB-EGF. The fusion protein was purified by Nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography. Amethylthiazole tetrazolium assay was used to evaluate the bioactivity of the produced recombinant protein. After codon optimization, the codon adaptation index (CAI) was increased from 0.255 in native gene to 0.829 using the optimized sequence. By lowering the temperature to 22°C and the inducer to 0.4 μM, we obtained 35% soluble expression of recombinant and biologically active human HB-EGF. Our data demonstrate that codon optimization increases the yield of HB-EGF in an E. coli expression system. Furthermore, the chosen modifications in cell culturing increase the solubility of recombinant human HB-EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Baazm
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Clinic, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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29
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Nakano C, Oshima M, Kurashima N, Hoshino T. Identification of a New Diterpene Biosynthetic Gene Cluster that ProducesO-Methylkolavelool inHerpetosiphon aurantiacus. Chembiochem 2015; 16:772-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Mezzina MP, Wetzler DE, de Almeida A, Dinjaski N, Prieto MA, Pettinari MJ. A phasin with extra talents: a polyhydroxyalkanoate granule-associated protein has chaperone activity. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:1765-76. [PMID: 25297625 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phasins are proteins associated to intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoate granules that affect polymer accumulation and the number and size of the granules. Previous work demonstrated that a phasin from Azotobacter sp FA-8 (PhaPAz ) had an unexpected growth-promoting and stress-protecting effect in Escherichia coli, suggesting it could have chaperone-like activities. In this work, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in order to investigate this possibility. PhaPAz was shown to prevent in vitro thermal aggregation of the model protein citrate synthase and to facilitate the refolding process of this enzyme after chemical denaturation. Microscopy techniques were used to analyse the subcellular localization of PhaPAz in E. coli strains and to study the role of PhaPAz in in vivo protein folding and aggregation. PhaPAz was shown to colocalize with inclusion bodies of PD, a protein that aggregates when overexpressed. A reduction in the number of inclusion bodies of PD was observed when it was coexpressed with PhaPAz or with the known chaperone GroELS. These results demonstrate that PhaPAz has chaperone-like functions both in vitro and in vivo in E. coli recombinants, and suggests that phasins could have a general protective role in natural polyhydroxyalkanoate producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela P Mezzina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Sethia PP, Rao KK, Noronha SB. A dps promoter based expression system for improved solubility of expressed proteins in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Expression of bioactive soluble human stem cell factor (SCF) from recombinant Escherichia coli by coproduction of thioredoxin and efficient purification using arginine in affinity chromatography. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 105:1-7. [PMID: 25286400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF) known as the c-kit ligand is a two disulfide bridge-containing cytokine in the regulation of the development and function of hematopoietic cell lineages and other cells such as mast cells, germ cells, and melanocytes. The secreted soluble form of SCF exists as noncovalently associated homodimer and exerts its activity by signaling through the c-Kit receptor. In this report, we present the high level expression of a soluble recombinant human SCF (rhSCF) in Escherichia coli. A codon-optimized Profinity eXact™-tagged hSCF cDNA was cloned into pET3b vector, and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) harboring a bacterial thioredoxin coexpression vector. The recombinant protein was purified via an affinity chromatography processed by cleavage with sodium fluoride, resulting in the complete proteolytic removal the N-terminal tag. Although almost none of the soluble fusion protein bound to the resin in standard protocol using 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), the use of binding buffer containing 0.5M l-arginine for protein stabilization dramatically enhanced binding to resin and recovery of the protein beyond expectation. Also pretreatment by Triton X-114 for removing endotoxin was effective for affinity chromatography. In chromatography performance, l-arginine was more effective than Triton X-114 treatment. Following Mono Q anion exchange chromatography, the target protein was isolated in high purity. The rhSCF protein specifically enhanced the viability of human myeloid leukemia cell line TF-1 and the proliferation and maturation of human mast cell line LAD2 cell. This novel protocol for the production of rhSCF is a simple, suitable, and efficient method.
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Biofabrication of ZnS:Mn luminescent nanocrystals using histidine, hexahistidine, and His-tagged proteins: a comparison study. Biochem Eng J 2014; 89:28-32. [PMID: 25013361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous hexahistidine purification tag has been used to conjugate proteins to the shell of CdSe:ZnS quantum dots (QDs) due to its affinity for surface-exposed Zn2+ ions but little attention has been paid to the potential of His-tagged proteins for mineralizing luminescent ZnS nanocrystals. Here, we compare the ability of free histidine, a His tag peptide, His-tagged thioredoxin (TrxA, a monomeric protein), and N- and C-terminally His-tagged versions of Hsp31 (a homodimeric protein) to support the synthesis of Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals from aqueous precursors under mild conditions of pH (8.2) and temperature (37°C). We find that: (1) it is possible to produce poor quality QDs when histidine is used at high (8 mM) concentration; (2) an increase in local histidine concentration through repetition of the amino acid as a His tag decreases the amount of needed reagent ≈10-fold and improves optical properties; (3) fusion of the same His tag to TrxA allows for ZnS:Mn QDs mineralization at micromolar concentrations; and (4) doubling the local hexahistidine concentration by exploiting Hsp31 dimerization further improves nanocrystal luminescence with the brightest particles obtained when His tags are spatially co-localized at the Hsp31 N-termini. Although hexahistidine tracts are not as efficient as combinatorially selected ZnS binding peptides at QD synthesis, it should be possible to use the large number of available His-tagged proteins and the synthesis approach described herein to produce luminescent nanoparticles whose protein shell carries a broad range of functions.
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Berka V, Liu W, Wu G, Tsai AL. Comparison of oxygen-induced radical intermediates in iNOS oxygenase domain with those from nNOS and eNOS. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 139:93-105. [PMID: 25016313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) produces the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) involved in bacteria killing and is crucial in the host defense mechanism. However, high level ROS/RNS can also be detrimental to normal cells and thus their production has to be tightly controlled. Availability or deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor and l-arginine substrate controls coupling or uncoupling of NOS catalysis. Fully coupled reaction, with abundant BH4 and l-arginine, produces NO whereas the uncoupled NOS (in the absence of BH4 and/or l-arginine) generates ROS/RNS. In the current work we focus on direct rapid freeze EPR to characterize the structure and kinetics of oxygen-induced radical intermediates produced by ferrous inducible NOS oxygenase domain (iNOSox) in the presence or absence of BH4 and/or l-arginine. Fully reconstituted iNOSox (+BH4, +L-Arg) forms a dimer and yields a typical BH4 radical that indicates coupled reaction. iNOSox (-BH4) remains mainly monomeric and produces exclusively superoxide, that is only marginally affected by the presence of l-arginine. iNOSox (+BH4, -L-Arg) exists as a monomer/dimer mixture and yields both BH4 radical and superoxide. Present study is a natural extension of our previous work on the ferrous endothelial NOSox (eNOSox) [V. Berka, G. Wu, H.C. Yeh, G. Palmer, A.L. Tsai, J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 32243-32251] and ferrous neuronal NOSox (nNOSox) [V. Berka, L.H. Wang, A.L. Tsai, Biochemistry 47 (2008) 405-420]. Overall, our data suggests different regulatory roles of l-arginine and BH4 in the production of oxygen-induced radical intermediates in NOS isoforms which nicely serve individual functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Berka
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Wen Liu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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35
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The Pro-Form ofStereum purpureumEndopolygalacturonase I Is Inactivated by a Pro-Sequence in the C-Terminal Region. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:558-62. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Costa S, Almeida A, Castro A, Domingues L. Fusion tags for protein solubility, purification and immunogenicity in Escherichia coli: the novel Fh8 system. Front Microbiol 2014. [PMID: 24600443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00063.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are now widely produced in diverse microbial cell factories. The Escherichia coli is still the dominant host for recombinant protein production but, as a bacterial cell, it also has its issues: the aggregation of foreign proteins into insoluble inclusion bodies is perhaps the main limiting factor of the E. coli expression system. Conversely, E. coli benefits of cost, ease of use and scale make it essential to design new approaches directed for improved recombinant protein production in this host cell. With the aid of genetic and protein engineering novel tailored-made strategies can be designed to suit user or process requirements. Gene fusion technology has been widely used for the improvement of soluble protein production and/or purification in E. coli, and for increasing peptide's immunogenicity as well. New fusion partners are constantly emerging and complementing the traditional solutions, as for instance, the Fh8 fusion tag that has been recently studied and ranked among the best solubility enhancer partners. In this review, we provide an overview of current strategies to improve recombinant protein production in E. coli, including the key factors for successful protein production, highlighting soluble protein production, and a comprehensive summary of the latest available and traditionally used gene fusion technologies. A special emphasis is given to the recently discovered Fh8 fusion system that can be used for soluble protein production, purification, and immunogenicity in E. coli. The number of existing fusion tags will probably increase in the next few years, and efforts should be taken to better understand how fusion tags act in E. coli. This knowledge will undoubtedly drive the development of new tailored-made tools for protein production in this bacterial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Costa
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Hitag Biotechnology, Lad., Biocant, Parque Technologico de Cantanhede Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
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37
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Costa S, Almeida A, Castro A, Domingues L. Fusion tags for protein solubility, purification and immunogenicity in Escherichia coli: the novel Fh8 system. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:63. [PMID: 24600443 PMCID: PMC3928792 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are now widely produced in diverse microbial cell factories. The Escherichia coli is still the dominant host for recombinant protein production but, as a bacterial cell, it also has its issues: the aggregation of foreign proteins into insoluble inclusion bodies is perhaps the main limiting factor of the E. coli expression system. Conversely, E. coli benefits of cost, ease of use and scale make it essential to design new approaches directed for improved recombinant protein production in this host cell. With the aid of genetic and protein engineering novel tailored-made strategies can be designed to suit user or process requirements. Gene fusion technology has been widely used for the improvement of soluble protein production and/or purification in E. coli, and for increasing peptide's immunogenicity as well. New fusion partners are constantly emerging and complementing the traditional solutions, as for instance, the Fh8 fusion tag that has been recently studied and ranked among the best solubility enhancer partners. In this review, we provide an overview of current strategies to improve recombinant protein production in E. coli, including the key factors for successful protein production, highlighting soluble protein production, and a comprehensive summary of the latest available and traditionally used gene fusion technologies. A special emphasis is given to the recently discovered Fh8 fusion system that can be used for soluble protein production, purification, and immunogenicity in E. coli. The number of existing fusion tags will probably increase in the next few years, and efforts should be taken to better understand how fusion tags act in E. coli. This knowledge will undoubtedly drive the development of new tailored-made tools for protein production in this bacterial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Costa
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Hitag Biotechnology, Lad., Biocant, Parque Technologico de Cantanhede Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
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38
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Shapyrina EV, Shadrin AM, Solonin AS. Purification of recombinant Bacillus cereus ResD-ResE proteins expressed in Escherichia coli strains. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683813060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Ho M, Wilson BA, Peterson JW. Bacterially Expressed Raf-1 Catalytic Domain is Highly Associated with GroEL. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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40
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Imaizumi K, Nishikawa SI, Tarui H, Akuta T. High-level expression and efficient one-step chromatographic purification of a soluble human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 90:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Lysine and arginine biosyntheses mediated by a common carrier protein in Sulfolobus. Nat Chem Biol 2013; 9:277-83. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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De Marchis F, Pompa A, Bellucci M. Plastid proteostasis and heterologous protein accumulation in transplastomic plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:571-81. [PMID: 22872774 PMCID: PMC3461539 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
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43
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Berkmen M. Production of disulfide-bonded proteins in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 82:240-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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44
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Chiu D, Zhou W, Kitayaporn S, Schwartz DT, Murali-Krishna K, Kavanagh TJ, Baneyx F. Biomineralization and size control of stable calcium phosphate core-protein shell nanoparticles: potential for vaccine applications. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:610-7. [PMID: 22263898 DOI: 10.1021/bc200654v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) polymorphs are nontoxic, biocompatible and hold promise in applications ranging from hard tissue regeneration to drug delivery and vaccine design. Yet, simple and robust routes for the synthesis of protein-coated CaP nanoparticles in the sub-100 nm size range remain elusive. Here, we used cell surface display to identify disulfide-constrained CaP binding peptides that, when inserted within the active site loop of Escherichia coli thioredoxin 1 (TrxA), readily and reproducibly drive the production of nanoparticles that are 50-70 nm in hydrodynamic diameter and consist of an approximately 25 nm amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) core stabilized by the protein shell. Like bone and enamel proteins implicated in biological apatite formation, peptides supporting nanoparticle production were acidic. They also required presentation in a loop for high-affinity ACP binding as elimination of the disulfide bridge caused a nearly 3-fold increase in hydrodynamic diameters. When compared to a commercial aluminum phosphate adjuvant, the small core-shell assemblies led to a 3-fold increase in mice anti-TrxA titers 3 weeks postinjection, suggesting that they might be useful vehicles for adjuvanted antigen delivery to dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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45
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Nara T, Hashimoto M, Hirawake H, Liao CW, Fukai Y, Suzuki S, Tsubouchi A, Morales J, Takamiya S, Fujimura T, Taka H, Mineki R, Fan CK, Inaoka DK, Inoue M, Tanaka A, Harada S, Kita K, Aoki T. Molecular interaction of the first 3 enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway of Trypanosoma cruzi. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 418:140-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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46
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Subedi GP, Satoh T, Hanashima S, Ikeda A, Nakada H, Sato R, Mizuno M, Yuasa N, Fujita-Yamaguchi Y, Yamaguchi Y. Overproduction of anti-Tn antibody MLS128 single-chain Fv fragment in Escherichia coli cytoplasm using a novel pCold-PDI vector. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 82:197-204. [PMID: 22245752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli is often hampered by their failure to fold correctly, leading to their accumulation within inclusion bodies. To overcome the problem, a variety of techniques aimed at soluble expression have been developed including low temperature expression and/or fusion of soluble tags and chaperones. However, a general protocol for bacterial expression of disulfide bond-containing proteins has hitherto not been established. Single chain Fv fragments (scFvs) are disulfide bond-containing proteins often difficult to express in soluble forms in E. coli. We here examine in detail the E. coli expression of a scFv originating from an anti-carbohydrate MLS128 antibody as a model system. We combine three techniques: (1) tagging scFv with thioredoxin, DsbC and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), (2) expressing the proteins at low temperature using the pCold vector system, and (3) using Origami E. coli strains with mutations in the thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase genes. We observed a high expression level of soluble MLS128-scFv in the Origami strain only when PDI is used as a tag. The recombinant protein retains full binding activity towards synthetic carbohydrate antigens. The developed "pCold-PDI" vector has potential for overproduction of other scFvs and disulfide-containing proteins in the Origami strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P Subedi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
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47
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Sanz-Barrio R, Fernández-San Millán A, Carballeda J, Corral-Martínez P, Seguí-Simarro JM, Farran I. Chaperone-like properties of tobacco plastid thioredoxins f and m. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:365-79. [PMID: 21948853 PMCID: PMC3245471 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous disulphide reductases that play important roles in the redox regulation of many cellular processes. However, some redox-independent functions, such as chaperone activity, have also been attributed to Trxs in recent years. The focus of our study is on the putative chaperone function of the well-described plastid Trxs f and m. To that end, the cDNA of both Trxs, designated as NtTrxf and NtTrxm, was isolated from Nicotiana tabacum plants. It was found that bacterially expressed tobacco Trx f and Trx m, in addition to their disulphide reductase activity, possessed chaperone-like properties. In vitro, Trx f and Trx m could both facilitate the reactivation of the cysteine-free form of chemically denatured glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (foldase chaperone activity) and prevent heat-induced malate dehydrogenase aggregation (holdase chaperone activity). Our results led us to infer that the disulphide reductase and foldase chaperone functions prevail when the proteins occur as monomers and the well-conserved non-active cysteine present in Trx f is critical for both functions. By contrast, the holdase chaperone activity of both Trxs depended on their oligomeric status: the proteins were functional only when they were associated with high molecular mass protein complexes. Because the oligomeric status of both Trxs was induced by salt and temperature, our data suggest that plastid Trxs could operate as molecular holdase chaperones upon oxidative stress, acting as a type of small stress protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sanz-Barrio
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alicia Fernández-San Millán
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Carballeda
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Corral-Martínez
- Instituto para la Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E - Escalera I, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Seguí-Simarro
- Instituto para la Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Edificio 8E - Escalera I, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Farran
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain
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48
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Recombinant production of antimicrobial peptides in Escherichia coli: A review. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 80:260-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Uchimura Y, Barton LF, Rada C, Neuberger MS. REG-γ associates with and modulates the abundance of nuclear activation-induced deaminase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2385-91. [PMID: 22042974 PMCID: PMC3256965 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
REG-γ, a protein involved in protein degradation, binds to nuclear AID, and REG-γ–deficient B cells contain more AID and exhibit increased immunoglobulin class switching. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) acts on the immunoglobulin loci in activated B lymphocytes to initiate antibody gene diversification. The abundance of AID in the nucleus appears tightly regulated, with most nuclear AID being either degraded or exported back to the cytoplasm. To gain insight into the mechanisms regulating nuclear AID, we screened for proteins interacting specifically with it. We found that REG-γ, a protein implicated in ubiquitin- and ATP-independent protein degradation, interacts in high stoichiometry with overexpressed nuclear AID as well as with endogenous AID in B cells. REG-γ deficiency results in increased AID accumulation and increased immunoglobulin class switching. A stable stoichiometric AID–REG-γ complex can be recapitulated in co-transformed bacteria, and REG-γ accelerates proteasomal degradation of AID in in vitro assays. Thus, REG-γ interacts, likely directly, with nuclear AID and modulates the abundance of this antibody-diversifying but potentially oncogenic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uchimura
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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50
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Sanz-Barrio R, Millán AFS, Corral-Martínez P, Seguí-Simarro JM, Farran I. Tobacco plastidial thioredoxins as modulators of recombinant protein production in transgenic chloroplasts. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2011; 9:639-50. [PMID: 21426478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small ubiquitous disulphide proteins widely known to enhance expression and solubility of recombinant proteins in microbial expression systems. Given the common evolutionary heritage of chloroplasts and bacteria, we attempted to analyse whether plastid Trxs could also act as modulators of recombinant protein expression in transgenic chloroplasts. For that purpose, two tobacco Trxs (m and f) with different phylogenetic origins were assessed. Using plastid transformation, we assayed two strategies: the fusion and the co-expression of Trxs with human serum albumin (HSA), which was previously observed to form large protein bodies in tobacco chloroplasts. Our results indicate that both Trxs behave similarly as regards HSA accumulation, although they act differently when fused or co-expressed with HSA. Trxs-HSA fusions markedly increased the final yield of HSA (up to 26% of total protein) when compared with control lines that only expressed HSA; this increase was mainly caused by higher HSA stability of the fused proteins. However, the fusion strategy failed to prevent the formation of protein bodies within chloroplasts. On the other hand, the co-expression constructs gave rise to an absence of large protein bodies although no more soluble HSA was accumulated. In these plants, electron micrographs showed HSA and Trxs co-localization in small protein bodies with fibrillar texture, suggesting a possible influence of Trxs on HSA solubilization. Moreover, the in vitro chaperone activity of Trx m and f was demonstrated, which supports the hypothesis of a direct relationship between Trx presence and HSA aggregates solubilization in plants co-expressing both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Sanz-Barrio
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (UPNA-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
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