1
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Wang P, Xiao H, Wu T, Fu Q, Song X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Huang J, Song Z. Activation of skeletal carbohydrate-response element binding protein (ChREBP)-mediated de novo lipogenesis increases intramuscular fat content in chickens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:107-118. [PMID: 39091296 PMCID: PMC11292260 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular lipids in muscle cells of farm animals play a crucial role in determining the overall intramuscular fat (IMF) content, which has a positive impact on meat quality. However, the mechanisms underlying the deposition of lipids in muscle cells of farm animals are not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of carbohydrate-response element binding protein (ChREBP) and fructose in IMF deposition of chickens. For virus-mediated ChREBP overexpression in tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of chickens, seven 5-d-old male yellow-feather chickens were used. At 10 d after virus injection, the chickens were slaughtered to obtain TA muscles for analysis. For fructose administration trial, sixty 9-wk-old male yellow-feather chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 6 replicates per group and 5 chickens per replicate. The chickens were fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 10% fructose (purity ≥ 99%). At 4 wk later, the chickens were slaughtered, and breast and thigh muscles were collected for analysis. The results showed that the skeletal ChREBP mRNA levels were positively associated with IMF content in multiple species, including the chickens, pigs, and mice (P < 0.05). ChREBP overexpression increased lipid accumulation in both muscle cells in vitro and the TA muscles of mice and chickens in vivo (P < 0.05), by activation of the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway. Moreover, activation of ChREBP by dietary fructose administration also resulted in increased IMF content in mice and notably chickens (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the lipidomics analysis revealed that ChREBP activation altered the lipid composition of chicken IMF and tented to improve the flavor profile of the meat. In conclusion, this study found that ChREBP plays a pivotal role in mediating the deposition of fat in chicken muscles in response to fructose-rich diets, which provides a novel strategy for improving meat quality in the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Haihan Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qinghua Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yameng Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jieping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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2
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Tie F, Hu N, Dong Q, Wang H. Vitisin A-13-O-β-D-glucoside and Vitisin A from Iris lactea inhibit lipogenesis and promote lipolysis via the PKA/HSL pathway during adipogenic transdifferentiation of C2C12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176154. [PMID: 37884183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Oligostilbenes are a group of natural products derived from the polymerization of stilbene monomers. Despite the demonstration of their activities in regulating lipid metabolism, the function of oligostilbenes in the adipogenic transdifferentiation of multipotent myoblast cells remains unknown. Hence, the five oligostilbenes from Iris lactea were tested for their regulatory effects on adipogenic transdifferentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells. As a result, it was shown that Vitisin A-13-O-β-D-glucoside (VitAOG), Vitisin A (VitA) and Hopeaphenol (Hop) can greatly inhibit the adipogenic transdifferentiation of C2C12 cells by reducing lipid accumulation and downregulating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) and fatty acid binding proteins 4 (FABP4). In contrast, Vitisin D (VitD) and Isohopeaphenol (Isohop) promote adipogenic transdifferentiation of C2C12 cells by increasing lipid accumulation and upregulating the expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis markers. Further research found that the lipolytic protein levels of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were elevated by VitAOG and VitA. Additionally, VitAOG and VitA maintain lipid homeostasis by improving mitochondrial function. Taken together, our study reveals an effect of oligostilbenes on lipid metabolism in C2C12 cells, and VitAOG and VitA can be regarded as potential candidates for the treatment of obesity and other disorders of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Na Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Qi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Honglun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
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3
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Jara TC, Park K, Vahmani P, Van Eenennaam AL, Smith LR, Denicol AC. Stem cell-based strategies and challenges for production of cultivated meat. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:841-853. [PMID: 37845547 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat scale-up and industrial production will require multiple stable cell lines from different species to recreate the organoleptic and nutritional properties of meat from livestock. In this Review, we explore the potential of stem cells to create the major cellular components of cultivated meat. By using developments in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedicine, we explore the advantages and disadvantages of strategies involving primary adult and pluripotent stem cells for generating cell sources that can be grown at scale. These myogenic, adipogenic or extracellular matrix-producing adult stem cells as well as embryonic or inducible pluripotent stem cells are discussed for their proliferative and differentiation capacity, necessary for cultivated meat. We examine the challenges for industrial scale-up, including differentiation and culture protocols, as well as genetic modification options for stem cell immortalization and controlled differentiation. Finally, we discuss stem cell-related safety and regulatory challenges for bringing cultivated meat to the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jara
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Park
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - P Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A L Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L R Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - A C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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4
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Katayama T, Chigi Y, Okamura D. The ensured proliferative capacity of myoblast in serum-reduced conditions with Methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193634. [PMID: 37250904 PMCID: PMC10213241 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To produce muscle fibers for cultured meat on a large scale, it is important to expand myoblasts in a serum-reduced or serum-free medium to avoid cost, ethical, and environmental issues. Myoblasts such as C2C12 cells differentiate quickly into myotubes and lose their ability to proliferate when the serum-rich medium is replaced with a serum-reduced medium. This study demonstrates that Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), a starch-derived agent that depletes cholesterol, can inhibit further differentiation of myoblasts at the MyoD-positive stage by reducing plasma membrane cholesterol on C2C12 cells and primary cultured chick muscle cells. Furthermore, MβCD efficiently blocks cholesterol-dependent apoptotic cell death of myoblasts, which is one of the mechanisms by which it inhibits the differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells, as dead cells of myoblast are necessary for the fusion of adjacent myoblasts during the differentiation process into myotubes. Importantly, MβCD maintains the proliferative capacity of myoblasts only under differentiation conditions with a serum-reduced medium, suggesting that its mitogenic effect is due to its inhibitory effect on myoblast differentiation into myotube. In conclusion, this study provides significant insights into ensuring the proliferative capacity of myoblasts in a future serum-free condition for cultured meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Katayama
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuta Chigi
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
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5
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Saad MK, Yuen JSK, Joyce CM, Li X, Lim T, Wolfson TL, Wu J, Laird J, Vissapragada S, Calkins OP, Ali A, Kaplan DL. Continuous fish muscle cell line with capacity for myogenic and adipogenic-like phenotypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5098. [PMID: 36991012 PMCID: PMC10060565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cultivated fish offers the potential for a more ethical, sustainable, and safe seafood system. However, fish cell culture is relatively understudied in comparison to mammalian cells. Here, we established and characterized a continuous Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) skeletal muscle cell line ("Mack" cells). The cells were isolated from muscle biopsies of fresh-caught fish, with separate isolations performed from two distinct fish. Mack1 cells (cells from the first isolation) were cultured for over a year and subcultured over 130 times. The cells proliferated at initial doubling times of 63.9 h (± 19.1 SD). After a spontaneous immortalization crisis from passages 37-43, the cells proliferated at doubling times of 24.3 h (± 4.91 SD). A muscle phenotype was confirmed through characterization of muscle stemness and differentiation via paired-box protein 7 and myosin heavy chain immunostaining, respectively. An adipocyte-like phenotype was also demonstrated for the cells through lipid accumulation, confirmed via Oil Red O staining and quantification of neutral lipids. New qPCR primers (HPRT, PAX3B, MYOD1, MYOG, TNNT3A, and PPARG) were tailored to the mackerel genome and used to characterize mackerel cell genotypes. This work provides the first spontaneously immortalized fish muscle cell line for research, ideally serving as a reference for subsequent investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Connor M Joyce
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Xinxin Li
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Taehwan Lim
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Talia L Wolfson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Justin Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jason Laird
- Research Technology, Tufts University, 16 Dearborn Rd, Somerville, MA, 02144, USA
| | - Sanjana Vissapragada
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Olivia P Calkins
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Adham Ali
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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6
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Time-Series Clustering of lncRNA-mRNA Expression during the Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2038-2053. [PMID: 35678667 PMCID: PMC9164044 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), which are multifunctional muscle-derived stem cells, can differentiate into adipocytes. Long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has diverse biological functions, including the regulation of gene expression, chromosome silencing, and nuclear transport. However, the regulatory roles and mechanism of lncRNA during adipogenic transdifferentiation in muscle cells have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, porcine SMSCs were isolated, cultured, and induced for adipogenic differentiation. The expressions of lncRNA and mRNA at different time points during transdifferentiation were analysed using RNA-seq analysis. In total, 1005 lncRNAs and 7671 mRNAs showed significant changes in expression at differential differentiation stages. Time-series expression analysis showed that the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs were clustered into 5 and 11 different profiles with different changes, respectively. GO, KEGG, and REACTOME enrichment analyses revealed that DE mRNAs with increased expressions during the trans-differentiation were mainly enriched in the pathways for lipid metabolism and fat cell differentiation. The genes with decreased expressions were mainly enriched in the regulation of cell cycle and genetic information processing. In addition, 1883 DE mRNAs were regulated by 193 DE lncRNAs, and these genes were related to the controlling in cell cycle mainly. Notably, three genes in the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family significantly and continuously increased during trans-differentiation, and 15, 13, and 11 lncRNAs may target FABP3, FABP4, and FABP5 genes by cis- or trans-regulation, respectively. In conclusion, these studies identify a set of new potential regulator for adipogenesis and cell fate and help us in better understanding the molecular mechanisms of trans-differentiation.
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7
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Kim DH, Lee J, Suh Y, Ko JK, Lee K. Transdifferentiation of Myoblasts Into Adipocytes by All-Trans-Retinoic Acid in Avian. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856881. [PMID: 35465310 PMCID: PMC9019681 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adipogenesis in muscle tissues is related to metabolic syndromes and muscle weakness in humans and improvement of meat quality in animal production. With growing evidence for pro-adipogenic functions of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the current study investigated whether atRA can transdifferentiate myoblasts into adipocytes using a quail myogenic cell line (QM7) and avian primary myoblasts. atRA increased cytoplasmic lipid droplet accumulation and mRNA expression for adipogenic genes in these cells. An acute induction of Pparγ expression by atRA under cycloheximide treatment indicated a direct regulation of Pparγ by atRA. In addition, the induction of Pparγ expression was mediated by retinoic acid receptors . At high levels of Pparγ by atRA, BADGE, an antagonist of Pparγ, inhibited, and rosiglitazone, an agonist of Pparγ, further enhanced atRA-induced transdifferentiation. However, at very low levels of Pparγ in the absence of atRA treatment, rosiglitazone could not induce transdifferentiation of avian myoblasts. These data suggest that the induction of Pparγ expression by atRA is an essential molecular event in myoblasts for atRA-induced transdifferentiation into adipocytes. Based on our findings, atRA can be a new transdifferentiation factor of myoblasts to adipocytes, providing a potential nutrient to enhance marbling in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joonbum Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yeunsu Suh
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jae-Kyun Ko
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Kichoon Lee,
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8
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Ghnaimawi S, Rebello L, Baum J, Huang Y. DHA but not EPA induces the trans-differentiation of C2C12 cells into white-like adipocytes phenotype. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249438. [PMID: 34473703 PMCID: PMC8412409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) and myoblast play an important role in myotube regeneration when muscle tissue is injured. However, these cells can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes once exposed to PPARγ activator like EPA and DHA that are highly suggested during pregnancy. The objective of this study aims at determining the identity of trans-differentiated cells by exploring the effect of EPA and DHA on C2C12 undergoing differentiation into brown and white adipocytes. DHA but not EPA committed C2C12 cells reprograming into white like adipocyte phenotype. Also, DHA promoted the expression of lipolysis regulating genes but had no effect on genes regulating β-oxidation referring to its implication in lipid re-esterification. Furthermore, DHA impaired C2C12 cells differentiation into brown adipocytes through reducing the thermogenic capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis of derived cells independent of UCP1. Accordingly, DHA treated groups showed an increased accumulation of lipid droplets and suppressed mitochondrial maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. EPA, on the other hand, reduced myogenesis regulating genes, but no significant differences were observed in the expression of adipogenesis key genes. Likewise, EPA suppressed the expression of WAT signature genes indicating that EPA and DHA have an independent role on white adipogensis. Unlike DHA treatment, EPA supplementation had no effect on the differential of C2C12 cells into brown adipocytes. In conclusion, DHA is a potent adipogenic and lipogenic factor that can change the metabolic profile of muscle cells by increasing myocellular fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Rebello
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, North Carolina, United States of America
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9
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Zhang J, Li Q, Yan Y, Sun B, Wang Y, Tang L, Wang E, Yu J, Nogoy KMC, Li X, Choi SH. Effect of ciglitazone on adipogenic transdifferentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:934-953. [PMID: 34447968 PMCID: PMC8367394 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ciglitazone is a member of the thiazolidinedione family, and specifically binds
to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ
(PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte
differentiation. We hypothesized that ciglitazone as a
PPARγ ligand in the absence of an adipocyte
differentiation cocktail would increase adiponectin and adipogenic gene
expression in bovine satellite cells (BSC). Muscle-derived BSCs were isolated
from six, 18-month-old Yanbian Yellow Cattle. The BSC were cultured for 96 h in
differentiation medium containing 5 µM ciglitazone (CL), 10 µM
ciglitazone (CM), or 20 µM ciglitazone (CH). Control (CON) BSC were
cultured only in a differentiation medium (containing 2% horse serum). The
presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box7 (Pax7) proteins was confirmed in the BSC by
immunofluorescence staining. The CL, CM, and CH treatments produced higher
concentrations of triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation in myotubes
than those of the CON treatment. Ciglitazone treatments significantly increased
the relative expression of PPARγ,
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha
(C/EBPα), C/EBPβ,
fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA
desaturase, and perilipin 2. Ciglitazone
treatments increased gene expression of Pax3 and
Pax7 and decreased expression of myogenic
differentiation-1, myogenin, myogenic regulatory factor-5, and
myogenin-4 (p < 0.01). Adiponectin
concentration caused by ciglitazone treatments was significantly greater than
CON (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing showed that 281
differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the treatments of
ciglitazone. DEGs gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the top 10 GO
enrichment significantly changed the biological processes such as protein
trimerization, negative regulation of cell proliferation, adipocytes
differentiation, and cellular response to external stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that DEGs were involved in the p53
signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of
amino acids, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. These results
indicate that ciglitazone acts as PPARγ agonist,
effectively increases the adiponectin concentration and adipogenic gene
expression, and stimulates the conversion of BSC to adipocyte-like cells in the
absence of adipocyte differentiation cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Enze Wang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | - Xiangzi Li
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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10
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Zhang J, Li Q, Nogoy KMC, Sun J, Sun B, Wang Y, Tang L, Yu J, Jin X, Li X, Choi SH. Effect of palmitoleic acid on the differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:919-933. [PMID: 34447967 PMCID: PMC8367402 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the unsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid (POA) could promote the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic genes in bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells (BSCs). The BSCs were cultured in a growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. When the cells reached 80%-90% confluence, we used the differentiation medium with 5% horse serum for differentiation for 96 h. The differentiation medium contained 50 µM, 100 µM and 200 µM POA. Control BSC were cultured only in differentiation media. Compared with the control BSC, the POA BSC significantly up-regulated the expression of paired box 3 (Pax3) and paired box 7 (Pax7) and down-regulated myogenin gene expression (p < 0.01), which indicates a depression in muscle fiber development. However, all POA treatments up-regulated the expression of the adipocyte transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta (C/EBP α and C/EBP β), and other genes (p < 0.01) and increased the expression of PAT-family proteins and the concentration of adiponectin in the media. These results indicate that POA can convert part of BSCs into adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | | | - Jianfu Sun
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Xin Jin
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.,Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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11
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Vilchinskaya NA, Shenkman BS. Myosatellite Cells under Gravitational Unloading Conditions. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Shan T. Factors inducing transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2276-2289. [PMID: 32989814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fat infiltration in skeletal muscle is observed in several myopathies, is associated with muscular dysfunction, and is strongly correlated with insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and aging. In animal production, skeletal muscle fat (also known as intermuscular and intramuscular fat) is positively related to meat quality including tenderness, flavor, and juiciness. Thus, understanding the cell origin and regulation mechanism of skeletal muscle fat infiltration is important for developing therapies against human myopathies as well as for improving meat quality. Notably, age, sarcopenia, oxidative stress, injury, and regeneration can activate adipogenic differentiation potential in myoblasts and affect fat accumulation in skeletal muscle. In addition, several transcriptional and nutritional factors can directly induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. In this review, we focused on the recent progress in understanding the muscle-to-adipocyte differentiation and summarized and discussed the genetic, nutritional, and physiological factors that can induce transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes. Moreover, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of these factors during the transdifferentiation process were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Ge L, Kang J, Dong X, Luan D, Su G, Li G, Zhang Y, Quan F. Myostatin site-directed mutation and simultaneous PPARγ site-directed knockin in bovine genome. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2592-2605. [PMID: 32841375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on the acquisition of advantageous traits in transgenic animals only focus on monogenic traits. In practical applications, transgenic animals need to possess multiple advantages. Therefore, multiple genes need to be edited simultaneously. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been widely used in many research fields. However, few studies on endogenous gene mutation and simultaneous exogenous gene insertion performed via CRISPR/Cas9 technology are available. In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to achieve myostatin (MSTN) point mutation and simultaneous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) site-directed knockin in the bovine genome. The feasibility of this gene editing strategy was verified on a myoblast model. The same gene editing strategy was used to construct a mutant myoblast model with MSTN mutation and simultaneous PPARγ knockin. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot analyses were used to detect the expression levels of MSTN and PPARγ in the mutant myoblast. Results showed that this strategy can inhibit the expression of MSTN and promote the expression of PPARγ. The cell counting kit-8 cell proliferation analysis, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine cell proliferation analysis, myotube fusion index statistics, oil red O staining, and triglyceride content detection revealed that the proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and adipogenic transdifferentiation abilities of the mutant myoblasts were higher than those of the wild myoblasts. Finally, transgenic bovine embryos were obtained via somatic cell nuclear transfer. This study provides a breeding material and technical strategy to breed high-quality bovine and a gene editing method to realize the mutation of endogenous genes and simultaneous insertion of exogenous genes in genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangchen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Deji Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fusheng Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Zhang Z, Jiang H, Li X, Chen X, Huang Y. MiR-92a regulates brown adipocytes differentiation, mitochondrial oxidative respiration, and heat generation by targeting SMAD7. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3825-3836. [PMID: 31692088 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are rich in mitochondria and linked to the body's blood fat levels and obesity. MiR-92a is negatively correlated with the activity of brown adipocytes. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of miR-92a on brown adipocytes. The expression of miR-92a in C2C12 cell was detected by a quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). C2C12 cells were induced to brown adipocytes. The direct target gene of miR-92a was determined using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Brown adipocytes were treated with isoprenaline (Iso) and transfected by miR-92a inhibitor and siSMAD7. The expression of heat-producing genes and adipose differentiation genes related to brown adipocytes were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The expression of SMAD7, p-SMAD2, and p-SMAD3 were detected using Western blot analysis. The mitochondrial content was measured by mitotracker fluorescent staining. MiR-92a inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of miR-92a in C2C12 cells. MiR-92a inhibitor could upregulate the expression of Ucp1, Cox7a1, Elovl3, Ppargc1α, PPARγ, and FABP4, and its effect on Ucp1 was increased after the treatment of isoprenaline. Moreover, miR-92a inhibitor increased mitochondrial content, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the expression of SMAD7 and suppressed the expressions of p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3, whereas miR-92a directly targeted SMAD7 to exert its inhibitory effects. SiSMAD7 reversed the effects of the inhibitor on heat-producing genes, mitochondrial content, OCR and the expressions of SMAD7, p-SMAD2, and p-SMAD3 in brown adipocytes. Blocking miR-92a might promote brown adipocytes differentiation, mitochondrial oxidative respiration, and thermogenesis by targeting SMAD7 to inhibit the expressions of p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipin Zhang
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huixin Jiang
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
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15
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Ghnaimawi S, Baum J, Liyanage R, Huang Y. Concurrent EPA and DHA Supplementation Impairs Brown Adipogenesis of C2C12 Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 32595696 PMCID: PMC7303889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary supplementation of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is considered to play positive roles in fetal neuro system development. However, maternal n−3 PUFAs may induce molecular reprogramming of uncommitted fetal myoblasts into adipocyte phenotype, in turn affecting lipid metabolism and energy expenditure of the offspring. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the combined effects of EPA and DHA on C2C12 cells undergoing brown adipogenic differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to confluency and then treated with brown adipogenic differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and 50 μM DHA. After differentiation, mRNA and protein samples were collected. Gene expression and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot. General Proteomics analysis was conducted using mass spectrometric evaluation. The effect of EPA and DHA on cellular oxygen consumption was measured using a Seahorse XFP Analyzer. Cells treated with n−3 PUFAs had significantly less (P < 0.05) expression of the brown adipocyte marker genes PGC1α, DIO2, and UCP3. Expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes TFAM, PGC1α, and PGC1β were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs treatment. Expression of mitochondrial electron transportation chain (ETC)-regulated genes were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs, including ATP5J2, COX7a1, and COX8b. Mass spectrometric and western blot evaluation showed protein levels of enzymes which regulate the ETC and Krebs cycle, including ATP synthase α and β (F1F0 complex), citrate synthase, succinate CO-A ligase, succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits (complex III), aconitate hydratase, cytochrome c, and pyruvate carboxylase were all decreased in the n−3 PUFAs group (P < 0.05). Genomic and proteomic changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, represented by significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and proton leak (P < 0.05). This study suggested that EPA and DHA may alter the BAT fate of myoblasts by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and induce white-like adipogenesis, shifting the metabolism from lipid oxidation to synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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16
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Li XZ, Yan Y, Zhang JF, Sun JF, Sun B, Yan CG, Choi SH, Johnson BJ, Kim JK, Smith SB. Oleic acid in the absence of a PPARγ agonist increases adipogenic gene expression in bovine muscle satellite cells1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4114-4123. [PMID: 31424542 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that oleic acid (OA) in the absence of a thiazolidinedione (i.e., a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ [PPARγ] agonist) would increase adipogenic gene expression in bovine muscle satellite cells (BSC). The BSC were cultured in differentiation medium containing 10 µM ciglitazone (CI), 100 µM OA, or 100 µM OA plus 10 µM CI (CI-OA). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in differentiation media (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining, demonstrating that we had isolated myogenic cells. The OA BSC had lesser paired box 3 (Pax3) and myogenic differentiation 1 expression but greater Pax7 and mygogenin (MYOG) expression (P < 0.05), than the CON BSC. The CI BSC had greater Pax3, Pax7, and MYOG expression than CON BSC (P < 0.05), suggesting that CI would promote BSC myogenesis under pro-myogenic conditions (i.e., when cultured with horse serum). However, both the OA and CI treatments upregulated the expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and C/EBPß, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, lipoprotein lipase, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 gene expression, as well as media adiponectin concentration (P < 0.05). The CI, OA, and CI-OA treatments also increased triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation, in spite of upregulation (relative to CON BSC) of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha-1, perilipin 2 (PLIN2), and PLIN3 in BSC and downregulation of G protein-coupled protein receptor 43, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (P < 0.05). These results indicate that OA in the absence of a synthetic PPARγ agonist can effectively increase adipogenic gene expression in BSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Z Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jun F Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jian F Sun
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chang G Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Seong H Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Jong K Kim
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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17
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Rosiglitazone-induced changes in the oxidative stress metabolism and fatty acid composition in relation with trace element status in the primary adipocytes. J Med Biochem 2019; 39:267-275. [PMID: 33746608 PMCID: PMC7955996 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes are metabolic disorders characterized by the insulin resistance and the impairment in the insulin secretion. Since impairment in the oxidative stress and adipocyte metabolism contribute to the formation of obesity and diabetes, targeting adipose tissue can be considered as an effective approach to fight against them. Rosiglitazone is used for treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes via inducing lipogenesis and transdifferentiation of white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue. Since the development of such therapeutics is required to control the formation and function of brown fat cells, we aimed to reveal possible molecular mechanisms behind rosiglitazone induced biochemical changes in the adipose tissue. Methods Cells were expanded in the adipocyte culture medium supplemented with 5 µg/mL insulin following 2 days' induction. After those cells were treated with rosiglitazone 0, 0.13 mol/L and 10 µmol/L rosiglitazone for 48 hours and at 8th day, cells were collected and stored at -80 °C. Then the cells were used to evaluate antioxidant enzyme activities, mineral and trace element levels and fatty acid composition. Results Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase significantly reduced in rosiglitazone-treated groups compared to the control. Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cs, Ba and Pb were determined in the cell lysates via ICP-MS. Also, relative FAME content decreased in the rosiglitazone-treated groups compared to the control. Conclusions Rosiglitazone treatment at low doses showed promising results which may promote brown adipose tissue formation.
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18
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Comparison of LncRNA Expression Profiles during Myogenic Differentiation and Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153725. [PMID: 31366088 PMCID: PMC6695777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblasts could transdifferentiate into adipocytes or adipocyte-like cells, which have the capability of producing and storing intracellular lipids. Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have many important physiological functions in eukaryotes, which include regulating gene expression, chromosome silencing, and nuclear transport. However, changes in the expression of lncRNAs in muscle cells during adipogenic transdifferentiation have not been investigated to date. Here, C2C12 myoblasts were seeded and then induced to undergo myogenic and adipogenic transdifferentiation. The expression profiles of lncRNAs in various differentiated cells were analyzed and then compared by digital gene expression (DGE) RNA sequencing. A total of 114 core lncRNAs from 836 differentially expressed lncRNAs in adipogenic cells were identified. Further investigation by in silico analysis revealed that the target genes of core lncRNAs significantly enriched various signaling pathways that were related to glucose and lipid metabolism and muscle growth. The lncRNA-GM43652 gene was a potential regulator of adipogenesis in muscle cells. It showed the highest levels of expression in adipogenic cells, and the knocking down lncRNA-GM43652 negatively influenced lipid deposition in transdifferentiated myoblasts. This study has identified the novel candidate regulators that may be assessed in future molecular studies on adipogenic conversion of muscle cells.
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19
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Zingue S, Kamga Silihe K, Fouba Bourfane I, Boukar A, Tueche AB, Njuh AN, Njamen D. Potential of Regular Consumption of Cameroonian Neem ( Azadirachta indica L.) Oil for Prevention of the 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Breast Cancer in High-Fat/Sucrose-Fed Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2031460. [PMID: 31080481 PMCID: PMC6475536 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2031460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a tree from the Meliaceae family native to India, where it is considered as one of the most important plants worldwide. The anticancer effects of neem oil on breast cancer cells have been recently reported; however, its in vivo effects have not been studied. This prompted us to investigate the protective effects of neem oil on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in high-fat/sucrose-fed Wistar rats. Juvenile female Wistar rats were treated either with neem oil at a dose of 3 mL/kg body weight at 3 different frequencies, 2 times/week (Neem 1), 4 times/week (Neem 2), and every day (Neem 3), or with tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg body weight), starting 1 week prior to DMBA treatment and lasting 12 weeks. Incidence, burden, volume, and histological analysis of mammary tumors were measured. Further toxicological parameters have been assessed. No tumors were detected in rats from the normal group, while all the rats from the negative control group (100%) developed mammary tumors. The regular consumption of neem oil at a dose of 3 mL/kg (2 or 4 times/week) significantly (p < 0.01) and in a dose-dependent manner reduced tumor incidence (80%), burden [35.78% (2 times/week) and 36.09% (4 times/week)], and weight. Neem consumption protected rats against DMBA-induced breast hyperplasia, with an optimal effect when taken 4 times weekly. Interestingly, all the animals that received a daily dose of 3 mL/kg died at the third week of the experiment. Further, animals that took the neem oil 4 times per week developed hepatotoxicity, evidenced by an increase of liver wet weight, transaminase (ALT and AST) activity, and histological abnormalities in liver. This study brings insight into the use of neem oil, which is greatly appreciated in traditional medicine. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that the regular consumption of neem oil prevents breast cancer, but its excessive consumption is toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Kevine Kamga Silihe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Innocent Fouba Bourfane
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Ali Boukar
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Alain Brice Tueche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Amstrong Nang Njuh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
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20
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Chen J, Wang C, Kuang S. Transdifferentiation of Muscle Satellite Cells to Adipose Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of MyoD. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:25-41. [PMID: 30367407 PMCID: PMC7092730 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes dissipate energy through non-shivering thermogenesis mediated by UCP1 protein, hence representing a powerful target to overcome obesity due to energy surplus. However, brown adipocytes are scarce in adult humans, especially in obese subjects, urging the development of novel strategies to boost the number of these thermogenic adipocytes from a therapeutical perspective. In this regard, transdifferentiation of myoblasts into brown adipocytes represents a promising approach. Here, we describe a method that we have recently developed to transdifferentiate myoblasts into brown adipocytes through CRISPR/Cas9-medidated targeting of MyoD, the master myogenic regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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21
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Zingue S, do Carmo ÍAR, Tchoumtchoua J, Tchoupang EN, Bratti LDOS, Mora TD, Halabalaki M, Njamen D, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Filippin-Monteiro FB. Millettia macrophylla (Fabaceae) phenolic fraction prevents differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in ovariectomized rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:87-98. [PMID: 29727734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A prolonged estrogen deficiency alters lipid metabolism and increases risks of cardiovascular diseases. Phytoestrogens, naturally occurring compounds with estrogenic properties are reported to have cardiovascular protective effects. Millettia macrophylla used in the Cameroonian traditional system to treat physiological disorders related to menopause, was previously reported to have estrogenic effects. AIM We, therefore, proposed evaluating the in vitro and in vivo effects of M. macrophylla phenolic fraction on some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, the ability of the M. macrophylla phenolic fraction (PF) as well as the 9 isolates to prevent the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation was assessed. Further, the preventive effects of PF on abdominal fat accumulation, body weight gain, lipid profile, nitric oxide level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in a postmenopausal rat model. RESULTS In vitro, PF and its isolate secundiferol I inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, all the isolates except daidzein dimethylether prevented the interleukin IL-6 production in 3T3-L1 cells. In vivo, PF prevented ovariectomy-induced abdominal fat accumulation, body weight gain, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and decreased atherogenic index. In addition, it induced a vasorelaxant effect by preventing the low level of nitric oxide in the aorta. PF also exhibited antioxidant effects as it increased aorta GSH level, SOD, and catalase activities and decreased MDA level. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that PF prevents the increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ícaro Andrade Rodrigues do Carmo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Job Tchoumtchoua
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Edwige Nana Tchoupang
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Souza Bratti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Dal Mora
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Branco Filippin-Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Tang Z, Qiu H, Luo L, Liu N, Zhong J, Kang K, Gou D. miR-34b Modulates Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4285-4295. [PMID: 28422320 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis involves myoblast proliferation and differentiation to myocytes, followed by fusion and hypertrophy to form myotubes during muscle development. Increasing evidence showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of myogenesis. We have previously revealed that miR-34b is steadily increased during this process. This miRNA regulates differentiation in various cell types, though its function in myogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that miR-34b represses muscle cell proliferation and promotes myotube formation. Our quantitative iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals 97 proteins are regulated by miR-34b in mouse myoblast C2C12. We identified that miR-34b targets 14-3-3 protein gamma, adenosylhomocysteinase and nucleolin by binding to their 3'UTR. Further analysis of these proteins expression patterns show that nucleolin is a cognate target of miR-34b during myogenic differentiation. Here, we proved that a moderate reduction of nucleolin in cells enhanced the myotube formation. However, nucleolin is required for myogenesis, as cells with low levels of nucleolin reduced cell proliferation rate and are unable to differentiate. Our data demonstrated that nucleolin regulates myogenesis in a protein-abundance-dependent manner. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4285-4295, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Huiling Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Biomedical Engineering, Health and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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Abumrad NA, Amri EZ, Luquet S, Forest C. Pleiotropic physiological roles of PPARs and fatty acids: A tribute to Paul Grimaldi. Biochimie 2017; 136:1-2. [PMID: 28372706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculté de Médecine, 28 Avenue de Vallombrose, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Serge Luquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8251, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (BFA), 4 rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, Bâtiment Buffon, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Claude Forest
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Pharmacologie Toxicologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
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Uemura K, Hayashi M, Itsubo T, Oishi A, Iwakawa H, Komatsu M, Uchiyama S, Kato H. Myostatin promotes tenogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells through Smad3. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:522-532. [PMID: 28396837 PMCID: PMC5377394 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, is expressed in developing and adult skeletal muscle and negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Recently, myostatin has been found to be expressed in tendons and increases tendon fibroblast proliferation and the expression of tenocyte markers. C2C12 is a mouse myoblast cell line, which has the ability to transdifferentiate into osteoblast and adipocyte lineages. We hypothesized that myostatin is capable of inducing tenogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. We found that the expression of scleraxis, a tendon progenitor cell marker, is much higher in C2C12 than in the multipotent mouse mesenchymal fibroblast cell line C3H10T1/2. In comparison with other growth factors, myostatin significantly up-regulated the expression of the tenogenic marker in C2C12 cells under serum-free culture conditions. Immunohistochemistry showed that myostatin inhibited myotube formation and promoted the formation of spindle-shaped cells expressing tenomodulin. We examined signaling pathways essential for tenogenic differentiation to clarify the mechanism of myostatin-induced differentiation of C2C12 into tenocytes. The expression of tenomodulin was significantly suppressed by treatment with the ALK inhibitor SB341542, in contrast to p38MAPK (SB203580) and MEK1 (PD98059) inhibitors. RNAi silencing of Smad3 significantly suppressed myostatin-induced tenomodulin expression. These results indicate that myostatin has a potential role in the induction of tenogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells, which have tendon progenitor cell characteristics, through activation of Smad3-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Uemura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
| | - Masanori Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
| | | | - Ayumu Oishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
| | - Masatoshi Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
| | - Shigeharu Uchiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan
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Loss of MyoD Promotes Fate Transdifferentiation of Myoblasts Into Brown Adipocytes. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:212-223. [PMID: 28117277 PMCID: PMC5474440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) represents a promising agent to ameliorate obesity and other metabolic disorders. However, the abundance of BAT decreases with age and BAT paucity is a common feature of obese subjects. As brown adipocytes and myoblasts share a common Myf5 lineage origin, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate choices of brown adipocytes versus myoblasts may lead to novel approaches to expand BAT mass. Here we identify MyoD as a key negative regulator of brown adipocyte development. CRISPR/CAS9-mediated deletion of MyoD in C2C12 myoblasts facilitates their adipogenic transdifferentiation. MyoD knockout downregulates miR-133 and upregulates the miR-133 target Igf1r, leading to amplification of PI3K–Akt signaling. Accordingly, inhibition of PI3K or Akt abolishes the adipogenic gene expression of MyoD null myoblasts. Strikingly, loss of MyoD converts satellite cell-derived primary myoblasts to brown adipocytes through upregulation of Prdm16, a target of miR-133 and key determinant of brown adipocyte fate. Conversely, forced expression of MyoD in brown preadipocytes blocks brown adipogenesis and upregulates the expression of myogenic genes. Importantly, miR-133a knockout significantly blunts the inhibitory effect of MyoD on brown adipogenesis. Our results establish MyoD as a negative regulator of brown adipocyte development by upregulating miR-133 to suppress Akt signaling and Prdm16. Loss of MyoD facilitates adipogenic transdifferentiation of myoblasts. Overexpression of MyoD transdifferentiate brown preadipocytes to myoblasts. MyoD acts partially through miR-133 to suppress brown adipocyte cell fate.
Brown fat burns fat to produce heat, and represents a promising agent to treat obesity and its related disorders. Brown fat cells and muscle cells share a common origin, but what controls the developmental separation of the two cell types is not well understood. This study reports that inhibition of “MyoD” gene in muscle progenitors promotes their differentiation into brown fat cells in mice. Conversely, forced expression of MyoD in brown fat progenitors converts them into muscle cells. This work suggests that inhibition of MyoD may represent a future direction to expand brown fat and alleviate obesity in humans.
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Pathology of muscular steatosis in the bovine species: report of two spontaneously arising cases and comparative overview of the condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chatterjee S, Sanyal D, Das Choudhury S, Bandyopadhyay M, Chakraborty S, Mukherjee A. Effect of pioglitazone on nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel in type 2 diabetes patients. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:547-553. [PMID: 27895823 PMCID: PMC5107714 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of pioglitazone pharmacotherapy in median nerve electrophysiology in the carpal tunnel among type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS The study was executed in patients with type 2 diabetes, treated with oral drugs, categorized under pioglitazone or non-pioglitazone group (14 in each group), and who received electrophysiological evaluation by nerve conduction velocity at baseline and 3 mo. RESULTS At 3 mo, pioglitazone-category had inferior amplitude in sensory median nerve [8.5 interquartile range (IQR) = 6.5 to 11.5) vs non-pioglitazone 14.5 (IQR 10.5 to 18.75)] (P = 0.002). Non-pioglitazone category displayed amelioration in amplitude in the sensory median nerve [baseline 13 (IQR = 9 to 16.25) vs 3 mo 8.5 (IQR = 6.5 to 11.5)] (P = 0.01) and amplitude in motor median nerve [baseline 9 (IQR = 4.75 to 11) vs 3 mo 6.75 (IQR = 4.75 to 10.25)] (P = 0.049); and deterioration of terminal latency of in motor ulnar nerve [baseline 2.07 (IQR = 1.92 to 2.25) vs 3 mo 2.16 (IQR = 1.97 to 2.325)] (P = 0.043). There was amelioration of terminal latency in sensory ulnar nerve [baseline 2.45 (IQR = 2.315 to 2.88) vs 3 mo 2.37 (IQR = 2.275 to 2.445) for pioglitazone group (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION Treatment with pioglitazone accentuates probability of compressive neuropathy. In spite of comparable glycemic control over 3 mo, patients treated with pioglitazone showed superior electrophysiological parameters for the ulnar nerve. Pioglitazone has favourable outcome in nerve electrophysiology which was repealed when the nerve was subjected to compressive neuropathy.
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Jan AT, Lee EJ, Ahmad S, Choi I. Meeting the meat: delineating the molecular machinery of muscle development. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:18. [PMID: 27168943 PMCID: PMC4862161 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, studied mostly with respect to meat production, represents one of the largest protein reservoirs of the body. As gene expression profiling holds credibility to deal with the increasing demand of food from animal sources, excessive loss due to myopathies and other muscular dystrophies was found detrimental as it aggravates diseases that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Holding key point towards improving the developmental program of muscle in meat producing animals, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the associated pathways in livestock animals is believed to open up new avenues towards enhancing the lean tissue deposition. To this end, identification of vital candidate genes having no known function in myogenesis, is believed to increase the current understanding of the physiological processes going on in the skeletal muscle tissue. Taking consequences of gene expression changes into account, knowledge of the pathways associated with their activation and as such up-regulation seems critical for the overall muscle homeostasis. Having important implications on livestock production, a thorough understanding of postnatal muscle development seems a timely step to fulfil the growing need of ever increasing populations of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sarafraz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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29
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Luo H, Zhou Y, Hu X, Peng X, Wei H, Peng J, Jiang S. Activation of PPARγ2 by PPARγ1 through a functional PPRE in transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes induced by EPA. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1830-41. [PMID: 25892270 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1033594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARγ and Wnt signaling are central positive and negative regulators of adipogenesis, respectively. Here we identified that, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) could effectively induce the transdifferentiation of myoblasts into adipocytes through modulation of both PPARγ expression and Wnt signaling. During the early stage of transdifferentiation, EPA activates PPARδ and PPARγ1, which in turn targets β-catenin to degradation and down-regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, such that the myogenic fate of myoblasts could be switched to adipogenesis. In addition, EPA up-regulates the expression of PPARγ1 by activating RXRα, then PPARγ1 binds to the functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element (PPRE) in the promoter of adipocyte-specific PPARγ2 to continuously activate the expression of PPARγ2 throughout the transdifferentiation process. Our data indicated that EPA acts as a dual-function stimulator of adipogenesis that both inhibits Wnt signaling and induces PPARγ2 expression to facilitate the transdifferentiation program, and the transcriptional activation of PPARγ2 by PPARγ1 is not only the key factor for the transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes, but also the crucial evidence for successful transdifferentiation. The present findings provided insight for the first time as to how EPA induces the transdifferentiation of myoblasts to adipocytes, but also provide new clues for strategies to prevent and treat some metabolic diseases.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- C/EBP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein
- DHA, docosahexaenoic acid
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid
- IMF, intramuscular fat
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPARγ1
- PPARγ2
- PPARδ
- PPRE, peroxisome proliferator responsive element
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- RXR, retinoid X receptor.
- Wnt/β-catenin signaling
- eicosapentaenoic acid
- transdifferentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefeng Luo
- a Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; College of Animal Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University ; Wuhan , China
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Kaewsuwan S, Plubrukarn A, Utsintong M, Kim SH, Jeong JH, Cho JG, Park SG, Sung JH. Interruptin B induces brown adipocyte differentiation and glucose consumption in adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2078-86. [PMID: 26781331 PMCID: PMC4769002 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interruptin B has been isolated from Cyclosorus terminans, however, its pharamcological effect has not been fully identified. In the present study, the effects of interruptin B, from C. terminans, on brown adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were investigated. The results revealed that interruptin B dose-dependently enhanced the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs, with an induction in the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ. In addition, interruptin B efficiently increased the number and the membrane potential of mitochondria and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, which are all predominantly expressed in brown adipocytes. Interruptin B increased glucose consumption in differentiated ASCs, accompanied by the upregulation in the mRNA expression levels of glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 and GLUT-4. The computational analysis of molecular docking, a luciferase reporter assay and surface plasmon resonance confirmed the marked binding affinity of interruptin B to PPAR-α and PPAR-γ (KD values of 5.32 and 0.10 µM, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report to show the stimulatory effects of interruptin B on brown adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in ASCs, through its role as a dual PPAR-α and PPAR-γ ligand. Therefore, interruptin B could be further developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireewan Kaewsuwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Anuchit Plubrukarn
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Maleeruk Utsintong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon 487‑600, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 405‑750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 405‑750, Republic of Korea
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31
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Review: Animal model and the current understanding of molecule dynamics of adipogenesis. Animal 2016; 10:927-32. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Schering L, Hoene M, Kanzleiter T, Jähnert M, Wimmers K, Klaus S, Eckel J, Weigert C, Schürmann A, Maak S, Jonas W, Sell H. Identification of novel putative adipomyokines by a cross-species annotation of secretomes and expression profiles. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:194-205. [PMID: 26599229 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1092044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are organs that respond strongly to obesity and physical activity exhibiting high secretory activity. To identify novel putative adipomyokines, comparative expression studies of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of lean (C57BL/6J) and obese (C57BL/6J on a high-fat diet and NZO) mice, of sedentary and endurance trained C57BL/6J mice and of cattle characterized by different amounts of intramuscular fat were combined with human secretome data and scored. In highly regulated transcripts, we identified 119 myokines, 79 adipokines and 22 adipomyokines. Network analysis of these candidates revealed remodelling of extracellular matrix and tissue fibrosis as relevant functions of several of these candidates. Given the pathophysiogical relevance of fibrosis for adipose-muscle-cross-talk in obesity and type 2 diabetes and its physiological role in exercise adaptation and meat quality of farm animals, they represent interesting candidates for further investigations in different research areas and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schering
- a Institute for Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology , Dummerstorf , Germany
| | - Miriam Hoene
- b Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry , Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Timo Kanzleiter
- c Department of Experimental Diabetology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
- d German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- c Department of Experimental Diabetology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
- d German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- e Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology , Dummerstorf , Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- f Group of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke , Nuthetal , Germany , and
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- d German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
- g Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- b Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry , Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
- d German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- c Department of Experimental Diabetology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
- d German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Steffen Maak
- a Institute for Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology , Dummerstorf , Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- c Department of Experimental Diabetology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
- d German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Henrike Sell
- d German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) , Neuherberg , Germany
- g Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center , Düsseldorf , Germany
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Chen X, Feng Y, Yang WJ, Shu G, Jiang QY, Wang XQ. Effects of dietary thiazolidinedione supplementation on growth performance, intramuscular fat and related genes mRNA abundance in the longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1012-20. [PMID: 25049880 PMCID: PMC4093500 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with thiazolidinedione (TZD) on growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs. In Experiment 1, 80 castrated finishing pigs (Large White×Landrace, BW = 54.34 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments with 5 replicates of 8 pigs each. The experimental pigs in the 2 groups were respectively fed with a diet with or without a TZD supplementation (15 mg/kg). In Experiment 2, 80 castrated finishing pigs (Large White×Landrace, BW = 71.46 kg) were divided into 2 treatments as designed in Experiment 1, moreover, carcass evaluations were performed. The results from Experiment 1 showed that TZD supplementation could significantly decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) during 0 to 28 d, without impairing the average daily gain (ADG) (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, the ADG was significantly increased by TZD supplementation during 14 to 28 d and 0 to 28 d (p<0.05) and the feed:gain ratio (F:G) was significantly decreased by TZD supplementation during 0 to 28 d (p<0.05). Compared with the control group, TZD group had significantly higher serum triglyceride (TG) concentration at 28h and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 14 d (p<0.05). Moreover, there was an apparent improvement in the marbling score (p<0.10) and intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p<0.10) of the longissimus dorsi muscle in pigs treated by TZD supplementation. Real-time RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that pigs of TZD group had higher mRNA abundance of PPARγ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) (p<0.05) and fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) (p<0.05) than pigs of control group. Taken together, these results suggested that dietary TZD supplementation could improve growth performance and increase the IMF content of finishing pigs through regulating the serum parameters and genes mRNA abundance involved in fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Y Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - W J Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - G Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Q Y Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - X Q Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Abstract
Establishing sufficient skeletal muscle mass is essential for lifelong metabolic health. The intrauterine environment is a major determinant of the muscle mass that is present during the life course of an individual, because muscle fiber number is set at the time of birth. Thus, a compromised intrauterine environment from maternal nutrient restriction or placental insufficiency that restricts muscle fiber number can have permanent effects on the amount of muscle an individual will live with. Reduced muscle mass due to fewer muscle fibers persists even after compensatory or 'catch-up' postnatal growth occurs. Furthermore, muscle hypertrophy can only partially compensate for this limitation in fiber number. Compelling associations link low birth weight and decreased muscle mass to future insulin resistance, which can drive the development of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and the risk of cardiovascular events later in life. There are gaps in knowledge about the origins of reduced muscle growth at the cellular level and how these patterns are set during fetal development. By understanding the nutrient and endocrine regulation of fetal skeletal muscle growth and development, we can direct research efforts toward improving muscle growth early in life to prevent the development of chronic metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus F441, Perinatal Research Center, 13243 East 23 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, Phone: 303-724-0106, Fax: 303-724-0898
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Fornaro M, Hinken AC, Needle S, Hu E, Trendelenburg AU, Mayer A, Rosenstiel A, Chang C, Meier V, Billin AN, Becherer JD, Brace AD, Evans WJ, Glass DJ, Russell AJ. Mechano-growth factor peptide, the COOH terminus of unprocessed insulin-like growth factor 1, has no apparent effect on myoblasts or primary muscle stem cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E150-6. [PMID: 24253050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A splice form of IGF-1, IGF-1Eb, is upregulated after exercise or injury. Physiological responses have been ascribed to the 24-amino acid COOH-terminal peptide that is cleaved from the NH3-terminal 70-amino acid mature IGF-1 protein. This COOH-terminal peptide was termed "mechano-growth factor" (MGF). Activities claimed for the MGF peptide included enhancing muscle satellite cell proliferation and delaying myoblast fusion. As such, MGF could represent a promising strategy to improve muscle regeneration. Thus, at our two pharmaceutical companies, we attempted to reproduce the claimed effect of MGF peptides on human and mouse muscle myoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Concentrations of peptide up to 500 ng/ml failed to increase the proliferation of C2C12 cells or primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts. In contrast, all cell types exhibited a proliferative response to mature IGF-1 or full-length IGF-1Eb. MGF also failed to inhibit the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. To address whether the response to MGF was lost in these tissue culture lines, we measured proliferation and differentiation of primary mouse skeletal muscle stem cells exposed to MGF. This, too, failed to demonstrate a significant effect. Finally, we tested whether MGF could alter a separate documented in vitro effect of the peptide, activation of p-ERK, but not p-Akt, in cardiac myocytes. Although a robust response to IGF-1 was observed, there were no demonstrated activating responses from the native or a stabilized MGF peptide. These results call in to question whether there is a physiological role for MGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fornaro
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Suzuki T, Suzuki H. Direct reprogramming based on transcriptional regulatory network analysis. Inflamm Regen 2014. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.34.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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37
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Fan H, Wu D, Tian W, Ma X. Inhibitory effects of tannic acid on fatty acid synthase and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1260-6. [PMID: 24046866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tannic acid is a hydrolyzable tannin that exists in many widespread edible plants with a variety of biological activities. In this study, we found that tannic acid potently inhibited the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of 0.14 microM. The inhibition kinetic results showed that the inhibition of FAS by tannic acid was mixed competitive and noncompetitive manner with respect to acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, but uncompetitive to NADPH. Tannic acid prevented the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, and thus repressed intracellular lipid accumulation. In the meantime, tannic acid decreased the expression of FAS and down-regulated the mRNA level of FAS and PPARgamma during adipocyte differentiation. Further studies showed that the inhibitory effect of tannic acid did not relate to FAS non-specific sedimentation. Since FAS was believed to be a therapeutic target of obesity, these findings suggested that tannic acid was considered having potential in the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijin Fan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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38
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Intrinsic ability of adult stem cell in skeletal muscle: an effective and replenishable resource to the establishment of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:420164. [PMID: 23818907 PMCID: PMC3684130 DOI: 10.1155/2013/420164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play an essential role in mammalian organ maintenance and repair throughout adulthood since they ensure that organs retain their ability to regenerate. The choice of cell fate by adult stem cells for cellular proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation into multiple lineages is critically important for the homeostasis and biological function of individual organs. Responses of stem cells to stress, injury, or environmental change are precisely regulated by intercellular and intracellular signaling networks, and these molecular events cooperatively define the ability of stem cell throughout life. Skeletal muscle tissue represents an abundant, accessible, and replenishable source of adult stem cells. Skeletal muscle contains myogenic satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells that retain multipotent differentiation abilities. These stem cell populations have the capacity for long-term proliferation and high self-renewal. The molecular mechanisms associated with deficits in skeletal muscle and stem cell function have been extensively studied. Muscle-derived stem cells are an obvious, readily available cell resource that offers promise for cell-based therapy and various applications in the field of tissue engineering. This review describes the strategies commonly used to identify and functionally characterize adult stem cells, focusing especially on satellite cells, and discusses their potential applications.
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Gribova V, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Albigès-Rizo C, Auzely-Velty R, Picart C. Effect of RGD functionalization and stiffness modulation of polyelectrolyte multilayer films on muscle cell differentiation. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6468-80. [PMID: 23261924 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue engineering holds promise for the replacement of muscle damaged by injury and for the treatment of muscle diseases. Although arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) substrates have been widely explored in tissue engineering, there have been no studies aimed at investigating the combined effects of RGD nanoscale presentation and matrix stiffness on myogenesis. In the present work we use polyelectrolyte multilayer films made of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(L-glutamic) acid (PGA) as substrates of tunable stiffness that can be functionalized by a RGD adhesive peptide to investigate important events in myogenesis, including adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were used as cellular models. RGD presentation on soft films and increasing film stiffness could both induce cell adhesion, but the integrins involved in adhesion were different in the case of soft and stiff films. Soft films with RGD peptide appeared to be the most appropriate substrate for myogenic differentiation, while the stiff PLL/PGA films induced significant cell migration and proliferation and inhibited myogenic differentiation. ROCK kinase was found to be involved in the myoblast response to the different films. Indeed, its inhibition was sufficient to rescue differentiation on stiff films, but no significant changes were observed on stiff films with the RGD peptide. These results suggest that different signaling pathways may be activated depending on the mechanical and biochemical properties of multilayer films. This study emphasizes the advantage of soft PLL/PGA films presenting the RGD peptide in terms of myogenic differentiation. This soft RGD-presenting film may be further used as a coating of various polymeric scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering.
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Ryan KJP, Daniel ZCTR, Craggs LJL, Parr T, Brameld JM. Dose-dependent effects of vitamin D on transdifferentiation of skeletal muscle cells to adipose cells. J Endocrinol 2013; 217:45-58. [PMID: 23328072 PMCID: PMC3600570 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fat infiltration within muscle is one of a number of features of vitamin D deficiency, which leads to a decline in muscle functionality. The origin of this fat is unclear, but one possibility is that it forms from myogenic precursor cells present in the muscle, which transdifferentiate into mature adipocytes. The current study examined the effect of the active form of vitamin D₃, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25(OH)₂D₃), on the capacity of the C2C12 muscle cell line to differentiate towards the myogenic and adipogenic lineages. Cells were cultured in myogenic or adipogenic differentiation media containing increasing concentrations (0, 10⁻¹³, 10⁻¹¹, 10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷ or 10⁻⁵ M) of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ for up to 6 days and markers of muscle and fat development measured. Mature myofibres were formed in both adipogenic and myogenic media, but fat droplets were only observed in adipogenic media. Relative to controls, low physiological concentrations (10⁻¹³ and 10⁻¹¹ M) of 1,25(OH)₂D3 increased fat droplet accumulation, whereas high physiological (10⁻⁹ M) and supraphysiological concentrations (≥10⁻⁷ M) inhibited fat accumulation. This increased accumulation of fat with low physiological concentrations (10⁻¹³ and 10⁻¹¹ M) was associated with a sequential up-regulation of PPARγ2 (PPARG) and FABP4 mRNA, indicating formation of adipocytes, whereas higher concentrations (≥10⁻⁹ M) reduced all these effects, and the highest concentration (10⁻⁵ M) appeared to have toxic effects. This is the first study to demonstrate dose-dependent effects of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ on the transdifferentiation of muscle cells into adipose cells. Low physiological concentrations (possibly mimicking a deficient state) induced adipogenesis, whereas higher (physiological and supraphysiological) concentrations attenuated this effect.
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41
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Bai C, Hou L, Li F, He X, Zhang M, Guan W. Isolation and biological characteristics of beijing Fatty chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:69-77. [PMID: 23176596 DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2012.743998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells, a postulated multipotential stem cell population, play an essential role in the postnatal replenishment of skeletal muscles. In the present research, the skeletal muscle satellite cells were isolated from the pectorals of 15-day-old Beijing Fatty Chicken embryos using combined enzymatic digestion of 0.1% collagenase 1 and 0.25% trypsin. Myogenic markers such as MyoD, Pax7 and demin were detected, indicating their skeletal muscle satellite cell identity. Karyotype analysis showed that these in vitro cultured cells were genetically stable. Being exposed to bone morphogen and adipogenic factors, it was proved that they differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes correspondingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Bai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Futami I, Ishijima M, Kaneko H, Tsuji K, Ichikawa-Tomikawa N, Sadatsuki R, Muneta T, Arikawa-Hirasawa E, Sekiya I, Kaneko K. Isolation and characterization of multipotential mesenchymal cells from the mouse synovium. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45517. [PMID: 23029067 PMCID: PMC3445493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human synovium contains mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotential non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that can differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal lineages and they may therefore be a candidate cell source for tissue repair. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this can occur are still largely unknown. Mouse primary cell culture enables us to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying various phenomena because it allows for relatively easy gene manipulation, which is indispensable for the molecular analysis. However, mouse synovial mesenchymal cells (SMCs) have not been established, although rabbit, cow, and rat SMCs are available, in addition to human MSCs. The aim of this study was to establish methods to harvest the synovium and to isolate and culture primary SMCs from mice. As the mouse SMCs were not able to be harvested and isolated using the same protocol for human, rat and rabbit SMCs, the protocol for humans was modified for SMCs from the Balb/c mouse knee joint. The mouse SMCs obtained showed superior proliferative potential, growth kinetics and colony formation compared to cells derived from muscle and bone marrow. They expressed PDGFRá and Sca-1 detected by flow cytometry, and showed an osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic potential similar or superior to the cells derived from muscle and bone marrow by demonstrating in vitro osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis. In conclusion, we established a primary mouse synovial cell culture method. The cells derived from the mouse synovium demonstrated both the ability to proliferate and multipotentiality similar or superior to the cells derived from muscle and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Futami
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Haruka Kaneko
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Global Center of Excellence Program, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa-Tomikawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Sadatsuki
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Global Center of Excellence Program, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Section of Cartilage Regeneration, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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The effect of troglitazone on lipid accumulation and related gene expression in Hanwoo muscle satellite cell. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 69:97-109. [PMID: 22773295 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of the troglitazone (TGZ) on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, fatty acid binding protein 4, calpain 1 (CAPN1), and lipid accumulation in the myotube of Hanwoo muscle satellite cells. The satellite cells were treated with 5, 10, and 50 μM of TGZ for indicated time intervals. TGZ promoted the trans-differentiation with significant increase in glycerol accumulation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray results indicated that the TGZ treatment significantly increased the expression of adipogenic transcription factors. TGZ (10 and 50 μM) increased the CAPN1 gene expression 2.2- and 2.6-fold in real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and 0.52- and 0.25-fold in microarray analysis, respectively, when compared with their respective controls. This result suggests that CAPN1 gene might be involved in the adipogenic differentiation programs. In addition, 13 genes were upregulated and 12 genes were downregulated in microarray analysis. Most of the up/downregulated genes were directly linked with adipogenesis.
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Lee EJ, Lee HJ, Kamli MR, Pokharel S, Bhat AR, Lee YH, Choi BH, Chun T, Kang SW, Lee YS, Kim JW, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Choi I. Depot-specific gene expression profiles during differentiation and transdifferentiation of bovine muscle satellite cells, and differentiation of preadipocytes. Genomics 2012; 100:195-202. [PMID: 22728265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of gene expression during myogenesis and transdifferentiation in four bovine muscle tissues and of adipogenesis in three bovine fat tissues using DNA microarray analysis. One hundred hybridizations were performed and 7245 genes of known and unknown function were identified as being differentially expressed. Supervised hierarchical cluster analysis of gene expression patterns revealed the tissue specificity of genes. A close relationship in global gene expression observed for adipocyte-like cells derived from muscle and adipocytes derived from intramuscular fat suggests a common origin for these cells. The role of transthyretin in myogenesis is a novel finding. Different genes were highly induced during the transdifferentiation of myogenic satellite cells and in the adipogenesis of preadipocytes, indicating the involvement of different molecular mechanisms in these processes. Induction of CD36 and FABP4 expression in adipocyte-like cells and adipocytes may share a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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45
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Lee EJ, Kamli MR, Bhat AR, Pokharel S, Lee DM, Kim SH, Kim TIL, Hong S, Choi I. Effect of porcine placenta steroid extract on myogenic satellite cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, and lipid accumulation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:326-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Selenoprotein N in skeletal muscle: from diseases to function. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1095-107. [PMID: 22527882 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein N (SelN) deficiency causes several inherited neuromuscular disorders collectively termed SEPN1-related myopathies, characterized by early onset, generalized muscle atrophy, and muscle weakness affecting especially axial muscles and leading to spine rigidity, severe scoliosis, and respiratory insufficiency. SelN is ubiquitously expressed and is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum; however, its function remains elusive. The predominant expression of SelN in human fetal tissues and the embryonic muscle phenotype reported in mutant zebrafish suggest that it is involved in myogenesis. In mice, SelN is also mostly expressed during embryogenesis and especially in the myotome, but no defect was detected in muscle development and growth in the Sepn1 knock-out mouse model. By contrast, we recently demonstrated that SelN is essential for muscle regeneration and satellite cell maintenance in mice and humans, hence opening new avenues regarding the pathomechanism(s) leading to SEPN1-related myopathies. At the cellular level, recent data suggested that SelN participates in oxidative and calcium homeostasis, with a potential role in the regulation of the ryanodine receptor activity. Despite the recent and exciting progress regarding the physiological function(s) of SelN in muscle tissue, the pathogenesis leading to SEPN1-related myopathies remains largely unknown, with several unsolved questions, and no treatment available. In this review, we introduce SelN, its properties and expression pattern in zebrafish, mice, and humans, and we discuss its potential roles in muscle tissue and the ensuing clues for the development of therapeutic options.
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Lee EJ, Bajracharya P, Lee DM, Kang SW, Lee YS, Lee HJ, Hong SK, Chang J, Kim JW, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Choi I. Gene expression profiles during differentiation and transdifferentiation of bovine myogenic satellite cells. Genes Genomics 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Forming functional fat: a growing understanding of adipocyte differentiation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12:722-34. [PMID: 21952300 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1006] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, which is primarily composed of adipocytes, is crucial for maintaining energy and metabolic homeostasis. Adipogenesis is thought to occur in two stages: commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to a preadipocyte fate and terminal differentiation. Cell shape and extracellular matrix remodelling have recently been found to regulate preadipocyte commitment and competency by modulating WNT and RHO-family GTPase signalling cascades. Adipogenic stimuli induce terminal differentiation in committed preadipocytes through the epigenomic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). The coordination of PPARγ with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors maintains adipocyte gene expression. Improving our understanding of these mechanisms may allow us to identify therapeutic targets against metabolic diseases that are rapidly becoming epidemic globally.
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Albrecht E, Gotoh T, Ebara F, Xu J, Viergutz T, Nürnberg G, Maak S, Wegner J. Cellular conditions for intramuscular fat deposition in Japanese Black and Holstein steers. Meat Sci 2011; 89:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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The Functions of PPARs in Aging and Longevity. PPAR Res 2011; 2007:39654. [PMID: 18317516 PMCID: PMC2254525 DOI: 10.1155/2007/39654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators in various age-associated pathophysiological processes related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress. A progressive rise of oxidative stress and related inflammatory reaction appears the hallmarks of the aging process and many age-related diseases. PPARs are important redox-sensitive
transcription factors and their dyregulated activations seem to be major culprits for these
pathological processes. Drugs targeting PPARs activity are already in widespread clinical use;
however, based on these concepts, this review highlights the understanding of the role of
PPARs in aging and indicates the necessary particular attention for the potential therapeutic
uses of current PPAR agonists in age-associated diseases.
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