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Kalyvas JT, Wang Y, Toronjo-Urquiza L, Stachura DL, Yu J, Horsley JR, Abell AD. A New Gramicidin S Analogue with Potent Antibacterial Activity and Negligible Hemolytic Toxicity. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10774-10782. [PMID: 38900970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an urgent threat to global health, with the decreasing efficacy of conventional drugs underscoring the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides present as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Gramicidin S is one such naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL (3.6 μM). Despite this potent activity, its significant hemolytic toxicity restricts its clinical use to topical applications. Herein, we present rational modifications to the key β-strand and β-turn regions of gramicidin S to concurrently mitigate hemolytic effects, while maintaining potency. Critically, peptide 9 displayed negligible hemolytic toxicity, while possessing significant antibacterial potency against a panel of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates (MIC of 8 μg/mL, 7.2 μM). Given the substantial antibacterial activity and near absence of cytotoxicity, 9 presents as a potential candidate for systemic administration in the treatment of S. aureus bacteremia/sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Kalyvas
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Luis Toronjo-Urquiza
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Damian L Stachura
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Jingxian Yu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - John R Horsley
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- School of Physics, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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2
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Kroneislová G, Macůrková A, Novotná Z, Ježek R, Lovecká P. Antimicrobial activity and properties of de novo design of short synthetic lipopeptides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:445-457. [PMID: 38277095 PMCID: PMC11003925 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to introduce the topic of newly designed peptides as well as their biological activity. We designed nine encoded peptides composed of six amino acids. All these peptides were synthesized with C-terminal amidation. To investigate the importance of increased hydrophobicity at the amino end of the peptides, all of them were subsequently synthesized with palmitic or lithocholic acid at the N-terminus. Antimicrobial activity was tested on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Cytotoxicity was measured on HepG2 and HEK 293 T cell cultures. Peptides bearing a hydrophobic group exhibited the best antimicrobial activity. Lipopeptides with palmitic or lithocholic acid (PAL or LCA peptides) at the N-terminus and with C-terminal amidation were highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida tropicalis. The LCA peptide SHP 1.3 with the sequence LCA-LVKRAG-NH2, had high efficiency on HepG2 human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kroneislová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Macůrková
- Department of Diary, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Novotná
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Ježek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lovecká
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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3
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Law SR, Mathes F, Paten AM, Alexandre PA, Regmi R, Reid C, Safarchi A, Shaktivesh S, Wang Y, Wilson A, Rice SA, Gupta VVSR. Life at the borderlands: microbiomes of interfaces critical to One Health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae008. [PMID: 38425054 PMCID: PMC10977922 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes are foundational components of the environment that provide essential services relating to food security, carbon sequestration, human health, and the overall well-being of ecosystems. Microbiota exert their effects primarily through complex interactions at interfaces with their plant, animal, and human hosts, as well as within the soil environment. This review aims to explore the ecological, evolutionary, and molecular processes governing the establishment and function of microbiome-host relationships, specifically at interfaces critical to One Health-a transdisciplinary framework that recognizes that the health outcomes of people, animals, plants, and the environment are tightly interconnected. Within the context of One Health, the core principles underpinning microbiome assembly will be discussed in detail, including biofilm formation, microbial recruitment strategies, mechanisms of microbial attachment, community succession, and the effect these processes have on host function and health. Finally, this review will catalogue recent advances in microbiology and microbial ecology methods that can be used to profile microbial interfaces, with particular attention to multi-omic, advanced imaging, and modelling approaches. These technologies are essential for delineating the general and specific principles governing microbiome assembly and functions, mapping microbial interconnectivity across varying spatial and temporal scales, and for the establishment of predictive frameworks that will guide the development of targeted microbiome-interventions to deliver One Health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Law
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Falko Mathes
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Amy M Paten
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pamela A Alexandre
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Roshan Regmi
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Cameron Reid
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Azadeh Safarchi
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shaktivesh Shaktivesh
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Data 61, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Yanan Wang
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Annaleise Wilson
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia
| | - Scott A Rice
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, and Food, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Vadakattu V S R Gupta
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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4
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Lal J, Kaul G, Akhir A, Saxena D, Dubkara H, Shekhar S, Chopra S, Reddy DN. β-Turn editing in Gramicidin S: Activity impact on replacing proline α-carbon with stereodynamic nitrogen. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106641. [PMID: 37300963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gramicidin S, natural antimicrobial peptide is used commercially in medicinal lozenges for sore throat and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. However, its clinical potential is limited to topical applications because of its high red blood cells (RBC) cytotoxicity. Given the importance of developing potential antibiotics and inspired by the cyclic structure and druggable features of Gramicidin S, we edited proline α-carbon with stereodynamic nitrogen to examine the direct impact on biological activity and cytotoxicity with respect to prolyl counterpart. Natural Gramicidin S (12), proline-edited peptides 13-16 and wild-type d-Phe-d-Pro β-turn mimetics (17 and 18) were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and investigated their activity against clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, mono-proline edited analogous peptide 13 showed moderate improvement in antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and K.pneumoniae BAA 1705 as compared to Gramicidin S. Furthermore, proline edited peptide 13 exhibited equipotent antimicrobial effect against MDR S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. Analysis of cytotoxicity against VERO cells and RBC, reveals that proline edited peptides showed two-fivefold lesser cytotoxicity than the counterpart Gramicidin S. Our study suggests that introducing single azPro/Pro mutation in Gramicidin S marginally improved the activity and lessens the cytotoxicity as compared with the parent peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhajan Lal
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Harshita Dubkara
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India.
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP 201002, India.
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5
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Pfukwa NBC, Rautenbach M, Hunt NT, Olaoye OO, Kumar V, Parker AW, Minnes L, Neethling PH. Temperature-Induced Effects on the Structure of Gramicidin S. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3774-3786. [PMID: 37125750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the structure of Gramicidin S (GS) in a model membrane mimetic environment represented by the amphipathic solvent 1-octanol using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) IR spectroscopy. To explore potential structural changes of GS, we also performed a series of spectroscopic measurements at differing temperatures. By analyzing the amide I band and using 2D-IR spectral changes, results could be associated to the disruption of aggregates/oligomers, as well as structural and conformational changes happening in the concentrated solution of GS. The ability of 2D-IR to enable differentiation in melting transitions of oligomerized GS structures is attributed to the sensitivity of the technique to vibrational coupling. Two melting transition temperatures were identified; at Tm1 in the range 41-47 °C where the GS aggregates/oligomers disassemble and at Tm2 = 57 ± 2 °C where there is significant change involving GS β-sheet-type hydrogen bonds, whereby it is proposed that there is loss of interpeptide hydrogen bonds and we are left with mainly intrapeptide β-sheet and β-turn hydrogen bonds of the smaller oligomers. Further analysis with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations and second derivative results highlighted the participation of active GS side chains. Ultimately, this work contributes toward understanding the GS structure and the formulation of GS analogues with improved bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngaatendwe B C Pfukwa
- Department of Physics, Laser Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Marina Rautenbach
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Neil T Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Olufemi O Olaoye
- Department of Physics, Laser Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Vikas Kumar
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Department of Physics, Laser Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC Central Laser Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Lucy Minnes
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, 107 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NG, U.K
| | - Pieter H Neethling
- Department of Physics, Laser Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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6
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Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112533. [PMID: 36432723 PMCID: PMC9699111 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structure of protein and peptide drugs has become one of the most important goals of scientists in recent decades. Cold and thermal denaturation conditions, lyophilization and freeze drying, different pH conditions, concentrations, ionic strength, environmental agitation, the interaction between the surface of liquid and air as well as liquid and solid, and even the architectural structure of storage containers are among the factors that affect the stability of these therapeutic biomacromolecules. The use of genetic engineering, side-directed mutagenesis, fusion strategies, solvent engineering, the addition of various preservatives, surfactants, and additives are some of the solutions to overcome these problems. This article will discuss the types of stress that lead to instabilities of different proteins used in pharmaceutics including regulatory proteins, antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, and then all the methods for fighting these stresses will be reviewed. New and existing analytical methods that are used to detect the instabilities, mainly changes in their primary and higher order structures, are briefly summarized.
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7
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C-Locked Analogs of the Antimicrobial Peptide BP214. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081080. [PMID: 36009951 PMCID: PMC9404711 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BP214 is an all-D antimicrobial peptide amide, kklfkkilryl, which shows an excellent activity against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and a low hemolytic activity. The aim of the present work was to investigate how C-terminus-to-side chain macrocyclization and fatty acid modification affect the antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of this peptide. In total, 18 analogs of BP214 were synthesized using a combination of Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and the submonomer approach. Cyclization was achieved by reacting the ε-amino group of a C-terminal lysine residue with a bromoacetylgroup attached to the Nα amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, generating a secondary amine at which the exocyclic lipopeptide tail was assembled. Three different ring sizes (i.e., 3–5 amino acid residues) of C-locked analogs combined with fatty acids of different lengths (i.e., C10–C14) were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of the analogs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most promising compound was analog 13 (MIC = 4 µg/mL (2.4 µM) against E. coli and 36% hemolysis of red blood cells at 150 µM). In a time-kill assay, this peptide showed a significant, concentration-dependent reduction in viable E. coli cells comparable to that seen for colistin.
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8
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Ledger EVK, Mesnage S, Edwards AM. Human serum triggers antibiotic tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2041. [PMID: 35440121 PMCID: PMC9018823 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes infections that are challenging to treat, leading to high rates of persistent and relapsing infection. Here, to understand how the host environment influences treatment outcomes, we study the impact of human serum on staphylococcal antibiotic susceptibility. We show that serum triggers a high degree of tolerance to the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin and several other classes of antibiotic. Serum-induced daptomycin tolerance is due to two independent mechanisms. Firstly, the host defence peptide LL-37 induces tolerance by triggering the staphylococcal GraRS two-component system, leading to increased peptidoglycan accumulation. Secondly, GraRS-independent increases in membrane cardiolipin abundance are required for full tolerance. When both mechanisms are blocked, S. aureus incubated in serum is as susceptible to daptomycin as when grown in laboratory media. Our work demonstrates that host factors can significantly modulate antibiotic susceptibility via diverse mechanisms, and combination therapy may provide a way to mitigate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V K Ledger
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stéphane Mesnage
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew M Edwards
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, Armstrong Rd, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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9
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Akbarian M, Khani A, Eghbalpour S, Uversky VN. Bioactive Peptides: Synthesis, Sources, Applications, and Proposed Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031445. [PMID: 35163367 PMCID: PMC8836030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are a group of biological molecules that are normally buried in the structure of parent proteins and become active after the cleavage of the proteins. Another group of peptides is actively produced and found in many microorganisms and the body of organisms. Today, many groups of bioactive peptides have been marketed chemically or recombinantly. This article reviews the various production methods and sources of these important/ubiquitous and useful biomolecules. Their applications, such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant activities, blood-lipid-lowering effect, opioid role, antiobesity, ability to bind minerals, antidiabetic, and antiaging effects, will be explored. The types of pathways proposed for bioactive applications will be in the next part of the article, and at the end, the future perspectives of bioactive peptides will be reviewed. Reading this article is recommended for researchers interested in various fields of physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, and nanotechnology and food industry professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Ali Khani
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Sara Eghbalpour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Surgery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717647745, Iran;
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(813)-974-5816
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10
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Smith AN, Blackwell DJ, Knollmann BC, Johnston JN. Ring Size as an Independent Variable in Cyclooligomeric Depsipeptide Antiarrhythmic Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1942-1947. [PMID: 34917258 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hit-to-lead studies employ a variety of strategies to optimize binding to a target of interest. When a structure for the target is available, hypothesis-driven structure-activity relationships (SAR) are a powerful strategy for refining the pharmacophore to achieve robust binding and selectivity characteristics necessary to identify a lead compound. Recrafting the three-dimensional space occupied by a small molecule, optimization of hydrogen bond contacts, and enhancing local attractive interactions are traditional approaches in medicinal chemistry. Ring size, however, is rarely able to be leveraged as an independent variable because most hits lack the symmetry required for such a study. Our discovery that the cyclic oligomeric depsipeptide ent-verticilide inhibits mammalian cardiac ryanodine receptor calcium release channels with submicromolar potency provided an opportunity to explore ring size as a variable, independent of other structural or functional group changes. We report here that ring size can be a critical independent variable, suggesting that modest conformational changes alone can dramatically affect potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Daniel J. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Bjorn C. Knollmann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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11
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Detection of biosynthetic genes of microbially-synthesized secondary metabolites in a contaminated tropical agricultural soil. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Tambong JT, Xu R, Gerdis S, Daniels GC, Chabot D, Hubbard K, Harding MW. Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Isolates From Necrotic Wheat Leaf Lesions Caused by Xanthomonas translucens, and Description of Three Putative Novel Species, Sphingomonas albertensis sp. nov., Pseudomonas triticumensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas foliumensis sp. nov. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666689. [PMID: 34093484 PMCID: PMC8170138 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas translucens is the etiological agent of the wheat bacterial leaf streak (BLS) disease. The isolation of this pathogen is usually based on the Wilbrink's-boric acid-cephalexin semi-selective medium which eliminates 90% of other bacteria, some of which might be novel species. In our study, a general purpose nutrient agar was used to isolate 49 bacterial strains including X. translucens from necrotic wheat leaf tissues. Maximum likelihood cluster analysis of 16S rRNA sequences grouped the strains into 10 distinct genera. Pseudomonas (32.7%) and Pantoea (28.6%) were the dominant genera while Xanthomonas, Clavibacter and Curtobacterium had 8.2%, each. Erwinia and Sphingomonas had two strains, each. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of specific housekeeping genes taxonomically assigned all the strains to validly described bacterial species, except three strains (10L4B, 12L4D and 32L3A) of Pseudomonas and two (23L3C and 15L3B) of Sphingomonas. Strains 10L4B and12L4D had Pseudomonas caspiana as their closest known type strain while strain 32L3A was closest to Pseudomonas asturiensis. Sphingomonas sp. strains 23L3C and 15L3B were closest to S. faeni based on MLSA analysis. Our data on MLSA, whole genome-based cluster analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight, chemotaxonomy and phenotype affirmed that these 5 strains constitute three novel lineages and are taxonomically described in this study. We propose the names, Sphingomonas albertensis sp. nov. (type strain 23L3CT = DOAB 1063T = CECT 30248T = LMG 32139T), Pseudomonas triticumensis sp. nov. (type strain 32L3AT = DOAB 1067T = CECT 30249T = LMG 32140T) and Pseudomonas foliumensis sp. nov. (type strain 10L4BT = DOAB 1069T = CECT 30250T = LMG 32142T). Comparative genomics of these novel species, relative to their closest type strains, revealed unique repertoires of core secretion systems and secondary metabolites/antibiotics. Also, the detection of CRISPR-Cas systems in the genomes of these novel species suggests an acquired mechanism for resistance against foreign mobile genetic elements. The results presented here revealed a cohabitation, within the BLS lesions, of diverse bacterial species, including novel lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Tambong
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Renlin Xu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Gerdis
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Greg C Daniels
- Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Brooks, AB, Canada
| | - Denise Chabot
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keith Hubbard
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael W Harding
- Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Brooks, AB, Canada
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13
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Borisov VB, Siletsky SA, Paiardini A, Hoogewijs D, Forte E, Giuffrè A, Poole RK. Bacterial Oxidases of the Cytochrome bd Family: Redox Enzymes of Unique Structure, Function, and Utility As Drug Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1280-1318. [PMID: 32924537 PMCID: PMC8112716 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cytochrome bd is a ubiquinol:oxygen oxidoreductase of many prokaryotic respiratory chains with a unique structure and functional characteristics. Its primary role is to couple the reduction of molecular oxygen, even at submicromolar concentrations, to water with the generation of a proton motive force used for adenosine triphosphate production. Cytochrome bd is found in many bacterial pathogens and, surprisingly, in bacteria formally denoted as anaerobes. It endows bacteria with resistance to various stressors and is a potential drug target. Recent Advances: We summarize recent advances in the biochemistry, structure, and physiological functions of cytochrome bd in the light of exciting new three-dimensional structures of the oxidase. The newly discovered roles of cytochrome bd in contributing to bacterial protection against hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and hydrogen sulfide are assessed. Critical Issues: Fundamental questions remain regarding the precise delineation of electron flow within this multihaem oxidase and how the extraordinarily high affinity for oxygen is accomplished, while endowing bacteria with resistance to other small ligands. Future Directions: It is clear that cytochrome bd is unique in its ability to confer resistance to toxic small molecules, a property that is significant for understanding the propensity of pathogens to possess this oxidase. Since cytochrome bd is a uniquely bacterial enzyme, future research should focus on harnessing fundamental knowledge of its structure and function to the development of novel and effective antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A. Siletsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - David Hoogewijs
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Robert K. Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhu J, Hu C, Zeng Z, Deng X, Zeng L, Xie S, Fang Y, Jin Y, Alezra V, Wan Y. Polymyxin B-inspired non-hemolytic tyrocidine A analogues with significantly enhanced activity against gram-negative bacteria: How cationicity impacts cell specificity and antibacterial mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113488. [PMID: 33991963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cyclic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as tyrocidine A (Tyrc A) and gramicidin S (GS) are appealing targets for the development of novel antibiotics. However, their therapeutic potentials are limited by undesired hemolytic activity and relatively poor activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Inspired by polycationic lipopeptide polymyxin B (PMB), the so called 'last-resort' antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, we synthesized and biologically evaluated a series of polycationic analogues derived from Tyrc A. We were able to obtain peptide 8 that possesses 5 positive charges exhibiting potent activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria along with totally diminished hemolytic activity. Intriguingly, antibacterial mechanism studies revealed that, rather than the 'pore forming' model that possessed by Tyrc A, peptide 8 likely diffuses membrane in a 'detergent-like' manner. Furthermore, when treating mice with peritonitis-sepsis, peptide 8 showed excellent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibao Zhu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chengfei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Zizhen Zeng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Minist Educ, Key Lab Modern Preparat TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences D'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China; Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences D'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yuchai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
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15
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Hu C, Wen Q, Huang S, Xie S, Fang Y, Jin Y, Campagne R, Alezra V, Miclet E, Zhu J, Wan Y. Gramicidin-S-Inspired Cyclopeptidomimetics as Potent Membrane-Active Bactericidal Agents with Therapeutic Potential. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:368-376. [PMID: 33026182 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising antibacterial agents often hindered by their undesired hemolytic activity. Inspired by gramicidin S (GS), a well-known cyclodecapeptide, we synthesized a panel of antibacterial cyclopeptidomimetics using β,γ-diamino acids (β,γ-DiAAs). We observed that peptidomimetic CP-2 displays a bactericidal activity similar to that of GS while possessing lower side-effects. Moreover, extensive studies revealed that CP-2 likely kills bacteria through membrane disruption. Altogether, CP-2 is a promising membrane-active antibiotic with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Quan Wen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shuhui Huang
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Hospital, 318 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Saisai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Rémy Campagne
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Jinhua Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang 330004, China.,Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, Facultédes Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 291405, France
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16
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Guan Q, Chen K, Chen Q, Hu J, Cheng K, Hu C, Zhu J, Jin Y, Miclet E, Alezra V, Wan Y. Development of Therapeutic Gramicidin S Analogues Bearing Plastic β,γ-Diamino Acids. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1089-1100. [PMID: 32233075 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gramicidin S (GS), one of the most widely investigated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), is known for its robust antimicrobial activity. However, it is restricted to topical application due to undesired hemolytic activity. With the aim of obtaining nontoxic GS analogues, we describe herein a molecular approach in which the native GS β-turn region is replaced by synthetic β,γ-diamino acids (β,γ-DiAAs). Four β,γ-DiAA diastereomers were employed to mimic the β-turn structure to afford GS analogues GS3-6, which exhibit diminished hemolytic activity. A comparative structural study demonstrates that the (βR,γS)-DiAA is the most-stable β-turn mimic. To further improve the therapeutic index (e. g., high antibacterial activity and low hemolytic activity) and to extend the molecular diversity, GS5 and GS6 were used as structural scaffolds to introduce additional hydrophobic or hydrophilic groups. We show that GS6K, GS6F and GS display comparable antibacterial activity, and GS6K and GS6F have significantly decreased toxicity. Moreover, antibacterial mechanism studies suggest that GS6K kills bacteria mainly through the disruption of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinkun Guan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Kaisen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu, Nanchang, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Keguang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Normal University, 15 Yuchai Road, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Chengfei Hu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Jibao Zhu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Emeric Miclet
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Sorbonne Université, Université PSL, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, WanLi, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Normal University, 15 Yuchai Road, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.,Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse et Molécules Thérapeutiques (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8182 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 410, Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, Orsay, 91405, France
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17
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Vernen F, Harvey PJ, Dias SA, Veiga AS, Huang YH, Craik DJ, Lawrence N, Troeira Henriques S. Characterization of Tachyplesin Peptides and Their Cyclized Analogues to Improve Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4184. [PMID: 31455019 PMCID: PMC6747087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tachyplesin I, II and III are host defense peptides from horseshoe crab species with antimicrobial and anticancer activities. They have an amphipathic β-hairpin structure, are highly positively-charged and differ by only one or two amino acid residues. In this study, we compared the structure and activity of the three tachyplesin peptides alongside their backbone cyclized analogues. We assessed the peptide structures using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, then compared the activity against bacteria (both in the planktonic and biofilm forms) and a panel of cancerous cells. The importance of peptide-lipid interactions was examined using surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence spectroscopy methodologies. Our studies showed that tachyplesin peptides and their cyclic analogues were most potent against Gram-negative bacteria and melanoma cell lines, and showed a preference for binding to negatively-charged lipid membranes. Backbone cyclization did not improve potency, but improved peptide stability in human serum and reduced toxicity toward human red blood cells. Peptide-lipid binding affinity, orientation within the membrane, and ability to disrupt lipid bilayers differed between the cyclized peptide and the parent counterpart. We show that tachyplesin peptides and cyclized analogues have similarly potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties, but that backbone cyclization improves their stability and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Vernen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Susana A Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole Lawrence
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sónia Troeira Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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18
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Thery T, Lynch KM, Arendt EK. Natural Antifungal Peptides/Proteins as Model for Novel Food Preservatives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1327-1360. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Thery
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Ireland
| | - Kieran M. Lynch
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Ireland
| | - Elke K. Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniv. College Cork Ireland
- Microbiome IrelandUniv. College Cork Ireland
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19
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Guan Q, Huang S, Jin Y, Campagne R, Alezra V, Wan Y. Recent Advances in the Exploration of Therapeutic Analogues of Gramicidin S, an Old but Still Potent Antimicrobial Peptide. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7603-7617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinkun Guan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Huang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Hospital, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
| | - Rémy Campagne
- Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse
et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Valérie Alezra
- Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse
et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, P. R. China
- Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Méthodologie, Synthèse
et Molécules Thérapeutiques, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 410, 91405 Orsay, France
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20
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Juhl DW, van Rensburg W, Bossis X, Vosloo JA, Rautenbach M, Bechinger B. Tyrocidine A interactions with saccharides investigated by CD and NMR spectroscopies. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3163. [PMID: 30884009 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tyrocidines are a family of cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium, Brevibacillus parabrevis. These antibiotic peptides can be used to prevent infections in agriculture and food industry but also to prepare antimicrobial lozenges, creams, and dressings for medical applications. It has been observed that the tyrocidines interact with saccharides such as cellulose from their soil environment, as well as sugars in culture media and glycans in fungal cell walls. Here, we investigated the interactions of tyrocidines with glucose, sucrose, and cellotetraose (as cellulose model) in a quantitative fashion utilising CD and NMR spectroscopy. The CD and NMR spectra of tyrocidine A (TrcA) were analysed as a function of solvent composition, and the spectral properties agree with the formation of oligomeric structures that are governed by β-sheet secondary structures once the acetonitrile content of the solvent is increased. Saccharides seem to also induce TrcA spectral changes reverting those induced by organic solvents. The CD spectral changes of TrcA in the presence of glucose agree with new ordered H-bonding, possibly β-sheet structures. The amides involved in intramolecular H-bonding remained largely unaffected by the environmental changes. In contrast, amides exposed to the exterior and/or involved in TrcA intermolecular association show the largest 1 H chemical shift changes. CD and NMR spectroscopic investigations correlated well with TrcA-glucose interactions characterized by a dissociation constant around 200 μM. Interestingly, the association of cellotetraose corresponds closely to the additive effect from four glucose moieties, while a much higher dissociation constant was observed for sucrose. Similar trends to TrcA for binding to the three saccharides were observed for the analogous tyrocidines, tyrocidine B, and tyrocidine C. These results therefore indicate that the tyrocidine interactions with the glucose monosaccharide unit are fairly specific and reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilma van Rensburg
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | | | - J Arnold Vosloo
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Marina Rautenbach
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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21
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Abstract
A biomimetic one-step ligase-catalyzed cyclo-oligomerization mediated by butelase 1, an Asn/Asp-specific ligase, is introduced that is time-, concentration-, length-, and sequence-dependent. This reaction yields cyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and tetramers from peptide precursors containing 3-15 amino acids ended with Asn and a His-Val tail. The cyclomonomers were favored when the peptide lengths were >9 amino acids. A turn-forming Pro residue at the P2 position favored the formation of higher-order cyclo-oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Hemu
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
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22
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Thery T, Shwaiki LN, O'Callaghan YC, O'Brien NM, Arendt EK. Antifungal activity of a de novo synthetic peptide and derivatives against fungal food contaminants. J Pept Sci 2018; 25:e3137. [PMID: 30488526 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel solutions to fight microbial food contaminants rests upon two pillars, which are the development of resistant strains and consumers' desire for a reduced consumption of synthetic drugs. Natural antimicrobial peptides possess the qualities to overcome these issues. De novo synthesis of novel antifungal compounds is a major progress that has been facilitated by the identification of parameters involved in the antimicrobial activity. A 14-residue peptide named KK14, with the sequence KKFFRAWWAPRFLK-NH2 , was designed and inhibited conidial germination and fungal growth of food contaminants within the range 6.25 to 50 μg/ml and 6.25 to 100 μg/ml, respectively. The study of three analogues of the peptide highlighted the role of some residues in the structural conformation of the peptide and its antifungal activity. The substitution of a Pro residue with Arg increased the helical content of the peptide not only its antifungal activity but also its cytotoxicity. The insertion of an unnatural bulky residue β-diphenylalanine or a full d-enantiomerization overall increased the antifungal potency. The four peptides showed similar behaviour towards salt increase, heat treatment, and pH decrease. Interestingly, the denantiomer remained the most active at high pH and after proteolytic digestion. The four peptides did not present haemolytic activity up to 200 μg/ml but had different behaviours of cytotoxicity. These differences could be crucial for potential application as pharmaceutical or food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Thery
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Laila N Shwaiki
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Nora M O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elke K Arendt
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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23
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Babii O, Afonin S, Ishchenko AY, Schober T, Negelia AO, Tolstanova GM, Garmanchuk LV, Ostapchenko LI, Komarov IV, Ulrich AS. Structure–Activity Relationships of Photoswitchable Diarylethene-Based β-Hairpin Peptides as Membranolytic Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10793-10813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Yu. Ishchenko
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02066 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tim Schober
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anatoliy O. Negelia
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prosp. Hlushkova 2, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ganna M. Tolstanova
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prosp. Hlushkova 2, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla V. Garmanchuk
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prosp. Hlushkova 2, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla I. Ostapchenko
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prosp. Hlushkova 2, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02066 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lumobiotics GmbH, Auerstraße 2, 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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24
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Novel Self-Assembled Micelles Based on Cholesterol-Modified Antimicrobial Peptide (DP7) for Safe and Effective Systemic Administration in Animal Models of Bacterial Infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00368-18. [PMID: 30201818 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00368-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, multitarget effects, and low drug resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have played critical roles in the clinical therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the potential hazard of hemolysis following systemic administration has greatly limited their application. Here, we developed a novel AMP derivative, DP7-C, by modifying a formerly identified highly active AMP (DP7) with cholesterol to form an amphiphilic conjugate. The prepared DP7-C easily self-assembled into stable nanomicelles in aqueous solution. The DP7-C micelles showed lower hemolytic activity than their unconjugated counterparts toward human red blood cells and a maximum tolerated dose of 80 mg/kg of body weight in mice via intravenous injection, thus demonstrating improved safety. Moreover, by eliciting specific immunomodulatory activities in immune cells, the DP7-C micelles exerted distinct therapeutic effects in zebrafish and mouse models of infection. In conclusion, DP7-C micelles may be an excellent candidate for the treatment of bacterial infections in the clinic.
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The Multifaceted Antibacterial Mechanisms of the Pioneering Peptide Antibiotics Tyrocidine and Gramicidin S. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00802-18. [PMID: 30301848 PMCID: PMC6178620 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00802-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic β-sheet decapeptides, such as tyrocidines and gramicidin S, were among the first antibiotics in clinical application. Although they have been used for such a long time, there is virtually no resistance to them, which has led to a renewed interest in this peptide class. Both tyrocidines and gramicidin S are thought to disrupt the bacterial membrane. However, this knowledge is mainly derived from in vitro studies, and there is surprisingly little knowledge about how these long-established antibiotics kill bacteria. Our results shed new light on the antibacterial mechanism of β-sheet peptide antibiotics and explain why they are still so effective and why there is so little resistance to them. Cyclic β-sheet decapeptides from the tyrocidine group and the homologous gramicidin S were the first commercially used antibiotics, yet it remains unclear exactly how they kill bacteria. We investigated their mode of action using a bacterial cytological profiling approach. Tyrocidines form defined ion-conducting pores, induce lipid phase separation, and strongly reduce membrane fluidity, resulting in delocalization of a broad range of peripheral and integral membrane proteins. Interestingly, they also cause DNA damage and interfere with DNA-binding proteins. Despite sharing 50% sequence identity with tyrocidines, gramicidin S causes only mild lipid demixing with minor effects on membrane fluidity and permeability. Gramicidin S delocalizes peripheral membrane proteins involved in cell division and cell envelope synthesis but does not affect integral membrane proteins or DNA. Our results shed a new light on the multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms of these antibiotics and explain why resistance to them is virtually nonexistent.
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Wu H, Acharyya A, Wu Y, Liu L, Jo H, Gai F, DeGrado WF. Design of a Short Thermally Stable α-Helix Embedded in a Macrocycle. Chembiochem 2018; 19:902-906. [PMID: 29417711 PMCID: PMC6512792 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although helices play key roles in peptide-protein and protein-protein interactions, the helical conformation is generally unstable for short peptides (10-15 residues) in aqueous solution in the absence of their binding partners. Thus, stabilizing the helical conformation of peptides can lead to increases in binding potency, specificity, and stability towards proteolytic degradation. Helices have been successfully stabilized by introducing side chain-to-side chain crosslinks within the central portion of the helix. However, this approach leaves the ends of the helix free, thus leading to fraying and exposure of the non-hydrogen-bonded amide groups to solvent. Here, we develop a "capped-strapped" peptide strategy to stabilize helices by embedding the entire length of the helix within a macrocycle, which also includes a semirigid organic template as well as end-capping interactions. We have designed a ten-residue capped-strapped helical peptide that behaves like a miniprotein, with a cooperative thermal unfolding transition and Tm ≈70 °C, unprecedented for helical peptides of this length. The NMR structure determination confirmed the design, and X-ray crystallography revealed a novel quaternary structure with implications for foldamer design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of
California San Francisco, CA 94158 (USA)
| | - Arusha Acharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Yibing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of
California San Francisco, CA 94158 (USA)
| | - Lijun Liu
- DLX Scientific Lawrence, KS 66049 (USA)
| | - Hyunil Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of
California San Francisco, CA 94158 (USA)
| | - Feng Gai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - William F. DeGrado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of
California San Francisco, CA 94158 (USA)
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Wan Y, Stanovych A, Gori D, Zirah S, Kouklovsky C, Alezra V. β,γ-diamino acids as building blocks for new analogues of Gramicidin S: Synthesis and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Priem C, Wuttke A, Berditsch M, Ulrich AS, Geyer A. Scaling the Amphiphilic Character and Antimicrobial Activity of Gramicidin S by Dihydroxylation or Ketal Formation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12366-12376. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Priem
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - André Wuttke
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marina Berditsch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Armin Geyer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Ageitos J, Sánchez-Pérez A, Calo-Mata P, Villa T. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): Ancient compounds that represent novel weapons in the fight against bacteria. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 133:117-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kurata A, Yamaura Y, Tanaka T, Kato C, Nakasone K, Kishimoto N. Antifungal peptidic compound from the deep-sea bacterium Aneurinibacillus sp. YR247. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:73. [PMID: 28299556 PMCID: PMC5352791 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aneurinibacillus: sp. YR247 was newly isolated from the deep-sea sediment inside the Calyptogena community at a depth of 1171 m in Sagami Bay. The strain exhibited antifungal activity against the filamentous fungus Aspergillus brasiliensis NBRC9455. A crude extract prepared from the YR247 cells by ethanol extraction exhibited broad antimicrobial activities. The antifungal compound is stable at 4-70 °C and pH 2.0-12.0. After treatment with proteinase K, the antifungal activity was not detected, indicating that the antifungal compound of strain YR247 is a peptidic compound. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the purified antifungal compound indicated that the peptidic compound has an average molecular weight of 1167.9. The molecular weight of the antifungal compound from strain YR247 is different from those of antimicrobial peptides produced by the related Aneurinibacillus and Bacillus bacteria. The antifungal peptidic compound from the deep-sea bacterium Aneurinibacillus sp. YR247 may be useful as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Yuto Yamaura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takumi Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kato
- Department of Marine Biodiversity Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nakasone
- Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, 1 Takaya Umenobe, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-2116, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara City, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
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Zhao X, Kuipers OP. Identification and classification of known and putative antimicrobial compounds produced by a wide variety of Bacillales species. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:882. [PMID: 27821051 PMCID: PMC5100339 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-positive bacteria of the Bacillales are important producers of antimicrobial compounds that might be utilized for medical, food or agricultural applications. Thanks to the wide availability of whole genome sequence data and the development of specific genome mining tools, novel antimicrobial compounds, either ribosomally- or non-ribosomally produced, of various Bacillales species can be predicted and classified. Here, we provide a classification scheme of known and putative antimicrobial compounds in the specific context of Bacillales species. RESULTS We identify and describe known and putative bacteriocins, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs) and other antimicrobials from 328 whole-genome sequenced strains of 57 species of Bacillales by using web based genome-mining prediction tools. We provide a classification scheme for these bacteriocins, update the findings of NRPs and PKs and investigate their characteristics and suitability for biocontrol by describing per class their genetic organization and structure. Moreover, we highlight the potential of several known and novel antimicrobials from various species of Bacillales. CONCLUSIONS Our extended classification of antimicrobial compounds demonstrates that Bacillales provide a rich source of novel antimicrobials that can now readily be tapped experimentally, since many new gene clusters are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.
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The Antimicrobial Peptides P-113Du and P-113Tri Function against Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6369-73. [PMID: 27458227 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00699-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two antimicrobial P-113 peptide derivatives, P-113Du and P-113Tri, were investigated in this study. Notably, P-113Du and P-113Tri contained significant fractions of α-helix conformation and were less sensitive to high salt and low pH than P-113. Moreover, compared to P-113, these peptides exhibited increased antifungal activity against planktonic cells, biofilm cells, and clinical isolates of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida spp. These results suggest that P-113Du and P-113Tri are promising candidates for development as novel antifungal agents.
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Oddo A, Thomsen TT, Britt HM, Løbner-Olesen A, Thulstrup PW, Sanderson JM, Hansen PR. Modulation of Backbone Flexibility for Effective Dissociation of Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity in Cyclic Peptides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:741-5. [PMID: 27563396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotic therapy is on the rise and threatens to evolve into a worldwide emergency: alternative solutions to current therapies are urgently needed. Cationic amphipathic peptides are potent membrane-active agents that hold promise as the next-generation therapy for multidrug-resistant infections. The peptides' behavior upon encountering the bacterial cell wall is crucial, and much effort has been dedicated to the investigation and optimization of this amphipathicity-driven interaction. In this study we examined the interaction of a novel series of nine-membered flexible cyclic AMPs with liposomes mimicking the characteristics of bacterial membranes. Employed techniques included circular dichroism and marker release assays, as well as microbiological experiments. Our analysis was aimed at correlating ring flexibility with their antimicrobial, hemolytic, and membrane activity. By doing so, we obtained useful insights to guide the optimization of cyclic antimicrobial peptides via modulation of their backbone flexibility without loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Oddo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas T. Thomsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannah M. Britt
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter W. Thulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John M. Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Qin C, Bu X, Zhong X, Ng NLJ, Guo Z. Optimization of antibacterial cyclic decapeptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:398-406. [PMID: 15132600 DOI: 10.1021/cc030117u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A previously developed method for cyclic peptide synthesis was demonstrated to be able to provide convenient access to large combinatorial libraries of analogues, and this methodology was applied to the optimization of natural product cyclic decapeptides. Using this method, a 192-member library was designed and successfully constructed on the basis of the natural products tyrocidines, streptocidins, and loloatins to increase the therapeutic indices of these antibiotics. Library screening identified nine analogues whose therapeutic indices were increased by up to 90-fold in comparison to the natural products. Three of these analogues showed significant increase in antibacterial potency and concurrent drastic decrease in hemolytic activity. Since the natural products target the bacterial cell wall, the newly discovered analogues are promising leads for drug development against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanguang Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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36
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Structure, toxicity and antibiotic activity of gramicidin S and derivatives. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:763-9. [PMID: 26886453 PMCID: PMC4840228 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Development of new antibiotics is declining whereas antibiotic resistance is rising, heralding a post-antibiotic era. Antimicrobial peptides such as gramicidin S (GS), exclusively topically used due to its hemolytic side-effect, could still be interesting as therapeutic compounds. By modifying the amino-acid composition of GS, we synthesized GS analogues. We now show that derivative VK7 has a lower MIC (7.8-31.2 μg/ml, median 15.6 μg/ml) against strains of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than GS has (3.9-62.5 μg/ml, median 31.3 μg/ml). Low MICs for both VK7 and GS were observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. VK7 showed reduced haemolysis and less lactate dehydrogenase release. All compounds were fully bactericidal at MIC values. Modification of GS enables production of novel derivatives potentially useful for systemic treatment of human infections.
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37
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Pal S, Ghosh U, Ampapathi RS, Chakraborty TK. Recent Studies on Gramicidin S Analog Structure and Antimicrobial Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2015_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Peptides and Peptidomimetics for Antimicrobial Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:366-415. [PMID: 26184232 PMCID: PMC4588174 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and highlight a few classes of traditional antimicrobial peptides with a focus on structure-activity relationship studies. After first dissecting the important physiochemical properties that influence the antimicrobial and toxic properties of antimicrobial peptides, the contributions of individual amino acids with respect to the peptides antibacterial properties are presented. A brief discussion of the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials as well as the development of bacterial resistance towards antimicrobial peptides follows. Finally, current efforts on novel design strategies and peptidomimetics are introduced to illustrate the importance of antimicrobial peptide research in the development of future antibiotics.
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Synergistic effect of membrane-active peptides polymyxin B and gramicidin S on multidrug-resistant strains and biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5288-96. [PMID: 26077259 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00682-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of severe hospital-acquired infections. Currently, polymyxin B (PMB) is a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, despite its undesirable side effects. The delivery of drug combinations has been shown to reduce the required therapeutic doses of antibacterial agents and thereby their toxicity if a synergistic effect is present. In this study, we investigated the synergy between two cyclic antimicrobial peptides, PMB and gramicidin S (GS), against different P. aeruginosa isolates, using a quantitative checkerboard assay with resazurin as a growth indicator. Among the 28 strains that we studied, 20 strains showed a distinct synergistic effect, represented by a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ≤0.5. Remarkably, several clinical P. aeruginosa isolates that grew as small-colony variants revealed a nonsynergistic effect, as indicated by FICIs between >0.5 and ≤0.70. In addition to inhibiting the growth of planktonic bacteria, the peptide combinations significantly decreased static biofilm growth compared with treatment with the individual peptides. There was also a faster and more prolonged effect when the combination of PMB and GS was used compared with single-peptide treatments on the metabolic activity of pregrown biofilms. The results of the present study define a synergistic interaction between two cyclic membrane-active peptides toward 17 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and biofilms of P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. Thus, the application of PMB and GS in combination is a promising option for a topical medication and in the prevention of acute and chronic infections caused by multidrug-resistant or biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa.
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Hara T, Huang Y, Ito A, Kawakami T, Hojo H, Murata M. Trifluoroethanol-containing RP-HPLC mobile phases for the separation of transmembrane peptides human glycophorin-A, integrin alpha-1, and p24: analysis and prevention of potential side reactions due to formic acid. J Pept Sci 2014; 21:61-70. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Hara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Project Research Centre for Fundamental Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Toru Kawakami
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hironobu Hojo
- Institute for Protein Research; Osaka University; 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- JST ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Project Research Centre for Fundamental Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
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Lee W, Lee DG. Fungicidal mechanisms of the antimicrobial peptide Bac8c. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:673-9. [PMID: 25434926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bac8c (RIWVIWRR-NH2) is an analogue peptide derived through complete substitution analysis of the linear bovine host defense peptide variant Bac2A. In the present study, the antifungal mechanism of Bac8c against pathogenic fungi was investigated, with a particular focus on the effects of Bac8c on the cytoplasmic membrane. We used bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol [DiBAC4(3)] staining and 3,3'-dipropylthiacarbocyanine iodide [DiSC3(5)] assays to show that Bac8c induced disturbances in the membrane potential of Candida albicans. An increase in membrane permeability and suppression of cell wall regeneration were also observed in Bac8c-treated C. albicans. We studied the effects of Bac8c treatment on model membranes to elucidate its antifungal mechanism. Using calcein and FITC-labeled dextran leakage assays from Bac8c-treated large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), we found that Bac8c has a pore-forming action on fungal membranes, with an estimated pore radius of between 2.3 and 3.3 nm. A membrane-targeted mechanism of action was also supported by the observation of potassium release from the cytosol of Bac8c-treated C. albicans. These results indicate that Bac8c is considered as a potential candidate to develop a novel antimicrobial agent because of its low-cost production characteristics and high antimicrobial activity via its ability to induce membrane perturbations in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Luo J, Abrahams JP. Cyclic Peptides as Inhibitors of Amyloid Fibrillation. Chemistry 2014; 20:2410-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abraham T, Prenner EJ, Lewis RNAH, Mant CT, Keller S, Hodges RS, McElhaney RN. Structure-activity relationships of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S and its analogs: aqueous solubility, self-association, conformation, antimicrobial activity and interaction with model lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1420-9. [PMID: 24388950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GS10 [cyclo-(VKLdYPVKLdYP)] is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide gramicidin (GS) in which the two positively charged ornithine (Orn) residues are replaced by two positively charged lysine (Lys) residues and the two less polar aromatic phenylalanine (Phe) residues are replaced by the more polar tyrosine (Tyr) residues. In this study, we examine the effects of these seemingly conservative modifications to the parent GS molecule on the physical properties of the peptide, and on its interactions with lipid bilayer model and biological membranes, by a variety of biophysical techniques. We show that although GS10 retains the largely β-sheet conformation characteristic of GS, it is less structured in both water and membrane-mimetic solvents. GS10 is also more water soluble and less hydrophobic than GS, as predicted, and also exhibits a reduced tendency for self-association in aqueous solution. Surprisingly, GS10 associates more strongly with zwitterionic and anionic phospholipid bilayer model membranes than does GS, despite its greater water solubility, and the presence of anionic phospholipids and cholesterol (Chol) modestly reduces the association of both GS10 and GS to these model membranes. The strong partitioning of both peptides into lipid bilayers is driven by a large favorable entropy change opposed by a much smaller unfavorable enthalpy change. However, GS10 is also less potent than GS at inducing inverted cubic phases in phospholipid bilayer model membranes and at inhibiting the growth of the cell wall-less bacterium Acholeplasma laidlawii B. These results are discussed in terms of the comparative antibiotic and hemolytic activities of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Elmar J Prenner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ruthven N A H Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Colin T Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrodinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Robert S Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ronald N McElhaney
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Luo J, Otero JM, Yu C, Wärmländer SKTS, Gräslund A, Overhand M, Abrahams JP. Inhibiting and Reversing Amyloid‐β Peptide (1–40) Fibril Formation with Gramicidin S and Engineered Analogues. Chemistry 2013; 19:17338-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Luo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The Netherlands)
| | - José M. Otero
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The Netherlands)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia y Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CIQUS), Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
| | - Chien‐Hung Yu
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The Netherlands)
| | - Sebastian K. T. S. Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Mark Overhand
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The Netherlands)
| | - Jan Pieter Abrahams
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden (The Netherlands)
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45
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Munyuki G, Jackson GE, Venter GA, Kövér KE, Szilágyi L, Rautenbach M, Spathelf BM, Bhattacharya B, van der Spoel D. β-Sheet Structures and Dimer Models of the Two Major Tyrocidines, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacillus aneurinolyticus. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7798-806. [DOI: 10.1021/bi401363m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gadzikano Munyuki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, P Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box
596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graham E. Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, P Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701
| | - Gerhard A. Venter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, P Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa 7701
| | - Katalin E. Kövér
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Pf. 20, Hungary
| | - László Szilágyi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Pf. 20, Hungary
| | - Marina Rautenbach
- BIOPEP
Peptide group, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 7600
| | - Barbara M. Spathelf
- BIOPEP
Peptide group, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 7600
| | - Bhaswati Bhattacharya
- BIOPEP
Peptide group, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa 7600
| | - David van der Spoel
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box
596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides toward the Development of Novel Antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1055-81. [PMID: 24276381 PMCID: PMC3817730 DOI: 10.3390/ph6081055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents have eradicated many infectious diseases and significantly improved our living environment. However, abuse of antimicrobial agents has accelerated the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and there is an urgent need for novel antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as a novel class of antimicrobial agents because AMPs efficiently kill a wide range of species, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, via a novel mechanism of action. In addition, they are effective against pathogens that are resistant to almost all conventional antibiotics. AMPs have promising properties; they directly disrupt the functions of cellular membranes and nucleic acids, and the rate of appearance of AMP-resistant strains is very low. However, as pharmaceuticals, AMPs exhibit unfavorable properties, such as instability, hemolytic activity, high cost of production, salt sensitivity, and a broad spectrum of activity. Therefore, it is vital to improve these properties to develop novel AMP treatments. Here, we have reviewed the basic biochemical properties of AMPs and the recent strategies used to modulate these properties of AMPs to enhance their safety.
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47
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Hackl EV, Berest VP, Gatash SV. Interaction of polypeptide antibiotic gramicidin S with platelets. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:748-54. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V. Hackl
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; De Montfort University; Leicester UK
| | - Vladimir P. Berest
- Department of Biomedical and Medical Physics; Karazin Kharkiv National University; Kharkiv Ukraine
| | - Sergey V. Gatash
- Department of Biomedical and Medical Physics; Karazin Kharkiv National University; Kharkiv Ukraine
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48
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Kapoerchan VV, Knijnenburg AD, Keizer P, Spalburg E, de Neeling AJ, Mars-Groenendijk RH, Noort D, Otero JM, Llamas-Saiz AL, van Raaij MJ, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Overhand M. ‘Inverted’ analogs of the antibiotic gramicidin S with an improved biological profile. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6059-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Machado A, Fázio MA, Miranda A, Daffre S, Machini MT. Synthesis and properties of cyclic gomesin and analogues. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:588-98. [PMID: 22865764 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gomesin (Gm) was the first antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from the hemocytes of a spider, the Brazilian mygalomorph Acanthoscurria gomesiana. We have been studying the properties of this interesting AMP, which also displays anticancer, antimalarial, anticryptococcal and anti-Leishmania activities. In the present study, the total syntheses of backbone-cyclized analogues of Gm (two disulfide bonds), [Cys(Acm)(2,15)]-Gm (one disulfide bond) and [Thr(2,6,11,15),(D)-Pro(9)]-Gm (no disulfide bonds) were accomplished, and the impact of cyclization on their properties was examined. The consequence of simultaneous deletion of pGlu(1) and Arg(16) -Glu-Arg(18) -NH(2) on Gm antimicrobial activity and structure was also analyzed. The results obtained showed that the synthetic route that includes peptide backbone cyclization on resin was advantageous and that a combination of 20% DMSO/NMP, EDC/HOBt, 60 °C and conventional heating appears to be particularly suitable for backbone cyclization of bioactive peptides. The biological properties of the Gm analogues clearly revealed that the N-terminal amino acid pGlu(1) and the amidated C-terminal tripeptide Arg(16) -Glu-Arg(18) -NH(2) play a major role in the interaction of Gm with the target membranes. Moreover, backbone cyclization practically did not affect the stability of the peptides in human serum; it also did not affect or enhanced hemolytic activity, but induced selectivity and, in some cases, discrete enhancements of antimicrobial activity and salt tolerance. Because of its high therapeutic index, easy synthesis and lower cost, the [Thr(2,6,11,15),(D)-Pro(9)]-Gm analogue remains the best active Gm-derived AMP developed so far; nevertheless, its elevated instability in human serum may limit its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Yount NY, Yeaman MR. Emerging themes and therapeutic prospects for anti-infective peptides. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 52:337-60. [PMID: 22235859 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens resistant to most conventional anti-infectives are a harbinger of the need to discover and develop novel anti-infective agents and strategies. Endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) have retained evolution-tested efficacy against pathogens that have become refractory to traditional antibiotics. Evidence indicates that HDPs target membrane integrity, bioenergetics, and other essential features of microbes that may be less mutable than conventional antibiotic targets. For these reasons, HDPs have received increasing attention as templates for development of potential anti-infective therapeutics. Unfortunately, advances toward this goal have proven disappointing, in part owing to limited understanding of relevant structure-activity and selective toxicity relationships in vivo, a limited number of reports and overall understanding of HDP pharmacology, and the difficulty of cost-effective production of such peptides on a commodity scale. However, recent molecular insights and technology innovations have led to novel HDP-based and mimetic anti-infective peptide candidates designed to overcome these limitations. Although initial setbacks have presented challenges to therapeutic development, emerging themes continue to highlight the potential of HDP-based anti-infectives as a platform for next-generation therapeutics that will help address the growing threat of multidrug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannette Y Yount
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
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