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Mishra AK, Pandey M, Dewangan HK, Sl N, Sahoo PK. A Comprehensive Review on Liver Targeting: Emphasis on Nanotechnology- based Molecular Targets and Receptors Mediated Approaches. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1381-1405. [PMID: 36065923 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220906091432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of hepatic diseases involves several cells, which complicates the delivery of pharmaceutical agents. Many severe liver diseases affecting the worldwide population cannot be effectively treated. Major hindrances or challenges are natural physiological barriers and non-specific targeting of drugs administered, leading to inefficient treatment. Hence, there is an earnest need to look for novel therapeutic strategies to overcome these hindrances. A kind of literature has reported that drug safety and efficacy are incredibly raised when a drug is incorporated inside or attached to a polymeric material of either hydrophilic or lipophilic nature. This has driven the dynamic investigation for developing novel biodegradable materials, drug delivery carriers, target-specific drug delivery systems, and many other novel approaches. OBJECTIVE Present review is devoted to summarizing receptor-based liver cell targeting using different modified novel synthetic drug delivery carriers. It also highlights recent progress in drug targeting to diseased liver mediated by various receptors, including asialoglycoprotein, mannose and galactose receptor, Fc receptor, low-density lipoprotein, glycyrrhetinic, and bile acid receptor. The essential consideration is given to treating liver cancer targeting using nanoparticulate systems, proteins, viral and non-viral vectors, homing peptides and gene delivery. CONCLUSION Receptors based targeting approach is one such approach that was explored by researchers to develop novel formulations which can ensure site-specific drug delivery. Several receptors are on the surfaces of liver cells, which are highly overexpressed in various disease conditions. They all are helpful for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector 3, MB Road Pushp Vihar, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mukesh Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector 3, MB Road Pushp Vihar, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University NH-05, Chandigarh Ludhiana Highway, Mohali Punjab, Pin: 160101, India
| | - Neha Sl
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector 3, MB Road Pushp Vihar, Delhi 110017, India
| | - Pravat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector 3, MB Road Pushp Vihar, Delhi 110017, India
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Single-molecule imaging of glycan-lectin interactions on cells with Glyco-PAINT. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1281-1288. [PMID: 34764473 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Most lectins bind carbohydrate ligands with relatively low affinity, making the identification of optimal ligands challenging. Here we introduce a point accumulation in nanoscale topography (PAINT) super-resolution microscopy method to capture weak glycan-lectin interactions at the single-molecule level in living cells (Glyco-PAINT). Glyco-PAINT exploits weak and reversible sugar binding to directly achieve single-molecule detection and quantification in cells and is used to establish the relative kon and koff rates of a synthesized library of carbohydrate-based probes, as well as the diffusion coefficient of the receptor-sugar complex. Uptake of ligands correlates with their binding affinity and residence time to establish structure-function relations for various synthetic glycans. We reveal how sugar multivalency and presentation geometry can be optimized for binding and internalization. Overall, Glyco-PAINT represents a powerful approach to study weak glycan-lectin interactions on the surface of living cells, one that can be potentially extended to a variety of lectin-sugar interactions.
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Nair JK, Attarwala H, Sehgal A, Wang Q, Aluri K, Zhang X, Gao M, Liu J, Indrakanti R, Schofield S, Kretschmer P, Brown CR, Gupta S, Willoughby JLS, Boshar JA, Jadhav V, Charisse K, Zimmermann T, Fitzgerald K, Manoharan M, Rajeev KG, Akinc A, Hutabarat R, Maier MA. Impact of enhanced metabolic stability on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GalNAc-siRNA conjugates. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10969-10977. [PMID: 28981809 PMCID: PMC5737438 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent attachment of a synthetic triantennary N-acetylagalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand to chemically modified siRNA has enabled asialoglycoprotein (ASGPR)-mediated targeted delivery of therapeutically active siRNAs to hepatocytes in vivo. This approach has become transformative for the delivery of RNAi therapeutics as well as other classes of investigational oligonucleotide therapeutics to the liver. For efficient functional delivery of intact drug into the desired subcellular compartment, however, it is critical that the nucleic acids are stabilized against nucleolytic degradation. Here, we compared two siRNAs of the same sequence but with different modification pattern resulting in different degrees of protection against nuclease activity. In vitro stability studies in different biological matrices show that 5'-exonuclease is the most prevalent nuclease activity in endo-lysosomal compartments and that additional stabilization in the 5'-regions of both siRNA strands significantly enhances the overall metabolic stability of GalNAc-siRNA conjugates. In good agreement with in vitro findings, the enhanced stability translated into substantially improved liver exposure, gene silencing efficacy and duration of effect in mice. Follow-up studies with a second set of conjugates targeting a different transcript confirmed the previous results, provided additional insights into kinetics of RISC loading and demonstrated excellent translation to non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qianfan Wang
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Xuemei Zhang
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Minggeng Gao
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ju Liu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Swati Gupta
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akin Akinc
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Zagorodko O, Arroyo-Crespo JJ, Nebot VJ, Vicent MJ. Polypeptide-Based Conjugates as Therapeutics: Opportunities and Challenges. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Zagorodko
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Juan José Arroyo-Crespo
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Vicent J. Nebot
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions SL; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
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Raviv L, Jaron-Mendelson M, David A. Mannosylated Polyion Complexes for In Vivo Gene Delivery into CD11c+ Dendritic Cells. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:453-62. [DOI: 10.1021/mp5005492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Raviv
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of
Health Sciences, §The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty
of Health Sciences, and ‡Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Michal Jaron-Mendelson
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of
Health Sciences, §The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty
of Health Sciences, and ‡Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ayelet David
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of
Health Sciences, §The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty
of Health Sciences, and ‡Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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Gao J, Chen P, Singh Y, Zhang X, Szekely Z, Stein S, Sinko PJ. Novel monodisperse PEGtide dendrons: design, fabrication, and evaluation of mannose receptor-mediated macrophage targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 24:1332-44. [PMID: 23808323 DOI: 10.1021/bc400011v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel PEGtide dendrons of generations 1 through 5 (G1.0–5.0) containing alternating discrete poly(ethylene glycol) (dPEG) and amino acid/peptide moieties were designed and developed. To demonstrate their targeting utility as nanocarriers, PEGtide dendrons functionalized with mannose residues were developed and evaluated for macrophage targeting. PEGtide dendrons were synthesized using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocols. The N-α-Fmoc-N-ε-(5-carboxyfluorescein)-l-lysine (Fmoc-Lys(5-FAM)-OH) and monodisperse Fmoc-dPEG6-OH were sequentially coupled to Fmoc-β-Ala-resin to obtain the resin-bound intermediate Fmoc-dPEG6-Lys(5-FAM)-β-Ala (1). G1.0 dendrons were obtained by sequentially coupling Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH, Fmoc-β-Ala-OH, and Fmoc-dPEG6-OH to 1. Dendrons of higher generation, G2.0–5.0, were obtained by repeating the coupling cycles used for the synthesis of G1.0. Dendrons containing eight mannose residues (G3.0-mannose8) were developed for mannose receptor (MR) mediated macrophage targeting by conjugating α-d-mannopyranosylphenyl isothiocyanate to G3.0 dendrons. In the present study PEGtide dendrons up to G5.0 were synthesized. The molecular weights of the dendrons determined by MALDI-TOF were in agreement with calculated values. The hydrodynamic diameters measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) ranged from 1 to 8 nm. Cell viability in the presence of G3.0 and G3.0-mannose8 was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and was found to be statistically indistinguishable from that of untreated cells. G3.0-mannose8 exhibited 12-fold higher uptake than unmodified G3.0 control dendrons in MR-expressing J774.E murine macrophage-like cells. Uptake was nearly completely inhibited in the presence of 10 mg/mL mannan, a mannose analogue and known MR substrate. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated the presence of significant intracellular punctate fluorescence colocalized with a fluid endocytosis marker with little surface fluorescence in cells incubated with G3.0-mannose8. No significant cell-associated fluorescence was observed in cells incubated with G3.0 dendrons that did not contain the targeting ligand mannose. The current studies suggest that PEGtide dendrons could be useful as nanocarriers in drug delivery and imaging applications.
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Jeong HS, Na KS, Hwang H, Oh PS, Kim DH, Lim ST, Sohn MH, Jeong HJ. Effect of space length of mannose ligand on uptake of mannosylated liposome in RAW 264.7 cells: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 102:4545-53. [PMID: 24677479 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The most widely used method for increasing uptake on macrophage is specific targeting for mannose receptor (MR) presented on macrophages. Efficiency of the uptake for MR is influenced by the space length and flexibility of mannose ligand in liposome (LP). We prepared mannosylated liposomes (M-EGn-LP-ICG) encapsulated indocyanine green (ICG) with mannose ligand of various ethylene glycol units (EG), LP-ICG, and mannosylated liposome (M-LP-ICG) incorporated with p-aminophenyl-α-d-mannopyranoside. We studied the effect of space length of the mannose ligand in vitro and in vivo with prepared liposomes. A space length of two ethylene glycol units at least was needed for uptake by macrophages and the uptake was increased as the space length increased up to EG4. We measured near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence intensity by ICG and the fluorescence value of cell-associated N-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole) (NBD) in liposome after cellular uptake. M-EG4-LP-ICG showed lower NIR fluorescence intensity but higher NBD fluorescence value than M-LP-ICG. The result of pre-treatment with d(+)-mannose as an inhibitor showed significant decreasing in uptake of mannosylated LP-ICG but no difference in LP-ICG. These were explained that mannosylated LP-ICG was taken up by macrophages through the MR and M-EG4-LP-ICG showed more specific uptake than M-LP-ICG. We obtained images as time passed in the NIR range after intravenous administration using a Balb/c mouse with inflammatory model. The results showed high uptake in liver at early time and rapid degradation of mannosylated LP-ICG. M-EG4-LP-ICG was more selectively taken up by macrophages than M-LP-ICG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Seok Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, Republic of Korea; Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, Republic of Korea; Cyclotron Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-712, Republic of Korea
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Thomas A, Shukla A, Sivakumar S, Verma S. Assembly, postsynthetic modification and hepatocyte targeting by multiantennary, galactosylated soft structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15752-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme modifiable, hollow self-assembled structures offer an excellent scope for multiantennary delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Akansha Shukla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Material Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sri Sivakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Material Science Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
- DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
- DST Thematic Unit of Excellence on Soft Nanofabrication, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016, India
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Synthesis and Characterisation of First Generation Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes Suitable for Being Adapted for Uptake via the Mannose Receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/498598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of directing lanthanide complex uptake via the mannose receptor, a first generation of luminescent lanthanide complexes has been developed with an α-D-mannose targeting motif. Four complexes were produced to investigate photophysical properties and determine the effect of the coordinated mannose residue on emission intensity. The free hydroxyls of the α-D-mannose residue quenched lanthanide phosphorescence due to their close proximity, though they did not bind the lanthanide centre as observed by q-values ≈1.0 for all complexes between pH 3 and 10. Fluorescent emission was found to vary significantly with pH, though phosphorescent emission was relatively insensitive to pH. This lack of pH sensitivity has the potential to provide stable emission for the visualisation of the endosome-lysosome system where acidic pH is often encountered.
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Sato Y, Yoshioka K, Murakami T, Yoshimoto S, Niwa O. Design of biomolecular interface for detecting carbohydrate and lectin weak interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:1846-1851. [PMID: 22176741 DOI: 10.1021/la2030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid functional biomolecular interface designed at a molecular size level is very effective at capturing an analyte with high sensitivity even if the interaction is very weak, as when detecting proteins with carbohydrate. We designed and processed a protein (lectin) recognition molecular interface taking the following points into consideration: (1) the height (molecular length) difference between the capturing and spacer molecules; (2) the ratio of capturing molecules in the recognition interface. When the height difference between the maltoside part (Concanavalin A (Con A) recognition group) and the OH group terminated spacer molecules exceeded (>(CH(2))(6)), the association rate constant (k(a)) became larger (k(a)(1/Ms): ∼2.6 times) and the dissociation constant (K(D)) became much smaller (K(D)(M): 1.0 × 10(-6): ∼0.17 times) compared with the similar heights (lengths) of both molecular interfaces. With regard to maltoside density, a 100% maltoside monolayer was unsuitable for detecting Con A. We constructed a nanostructured recognition site with a maltoside part of 10%, which was the most suitable ratio for Con A detection. The binding interaction between Con A and the maltoside group was changed from monovalent binding to bivalent binding when the maltoside part was diluted in the recognition interface. From electrochemical measurements, even though there was a small amount of maltoside component on the suitable recognition monolayer, quality similar to that of 100% maltoside was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
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Jayaprakash KN, Peng CG, Butler D, Varghese JP, Maier MA, Rajeev KG, Manoharan M. Non-Nucleoside Building Blocks for Copper-Assisted and Copper-Free Click Chemistry for the Efficient Synthesis of RNA Conjugates. Org Lett 2010; 12:5410-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Jayaprakash
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chang Geng Peng
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Butler
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jos P. Varghese
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Martin A. Maier
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kallanthottathil G. Rajeev
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthiah Manoharan
- Drug Discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States, and Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Poon Z, Chen S, Engler AC, Lee HI, Atas E, von Maltzahn G, Bhatia SN, Hammond PT. Ligand-clustered "patchy" nanoparticles for modulated cellular uptake and in vivo tumor targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:7266-70. [PMID: 20740515 PMCID: PMC3412154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Poon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Poon Z, Lee JA, Huang S, Prevost RJ, Hammond PT. Highly stable, ligand-clustered "patchy" micelle nanocarriers for systemic tumor targeting. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 7:201-9. [PMID: 20816874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A novel linear-dendritic block copolymer has been synthesized and evaluated for targeted delivery. The use of the dendron as the micellar exterior block in this architecture allows the presentation of a relatively small quantity of ligands in clusters for enhanced targeting, thus maintaining a long circulation time of these "patchy" micelles. The polypeptide linear hydrophobic block drives formation of micelles that carry core-loaded drugs, and their unique design gives them extremely high stability in vivo. We have found that these systems lead to extended time periods of increased accumulation in the tumor (up to 5 days) compared with nontargeted vehicles. We also demonstrate a fourfold increase in efficacy of paclitaxel when delivered in the targeted nanoparticle systems, while significantly decreasing in vivo toxicity of the chemotherapy treatment. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR A micellar vehicle using dendrons as the exterior block in combination with a polypeptide hydrophobic block was shown to incorporate and deliver paclitaxel to xenograft tumors with a four-fold increase in efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Poon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Poon Z, Chen S, Engler AC, Lee HI, Atas E, von Maltzahn G, Bhatia SN, Hammond PT. Ligand-Clustered “Patchy” Nanoparticles for Modulated Cellular Uptake and In Vivo Tumor Targeting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
From the authors' opinion, this chapter constitutes a modest extension of the seminal and inspiring contribution of Stowell and Lee on neoglycoconjugates published in this series [C. P. Stowell and Y. C. Lee, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 37 (1980) 225-281]. The outstanding progresses achieved since then in the field of the "glycoside cluster effect" has witnessed considerable creativity in the design and synthetic strategies toward a vast array of novel carbohydrate structures and reflects the dynamic activity in the field even since the recent chapter by the Nicotra group in this series [F. Nicotra, L. Cipolla, F. Peri, B. La Ferla, and C. Radaelli, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 61 (2007) 353-398]. Beyond the more classical neoglycoproteins and glycopolymers (not covered in this work) a wide range of unprecedented and often artistically beautiful multivalent and monodisperse nanostructures, termed glycodendrimers for the first time in 1993, has been created. This chapter briefly surveys the concept of multivalency involved in carbohydrate-protein interactions. The topic is also discussed in regard to recent steps undertaken in glycobiology toward identification of lead candidates using microarrays and modern analytical tools. A systematic description of glycocluster and glycodendrimer synthesis follows, starting from the simplest architectures and ending in the most complex ones. Presentation of multivalent glycostructures of intermediate size and comprising, calix[n]arene, porphyrin, cyclodextrin, peptide, and carbohydrate scaffolds, has also been intercalated to better appreciate the growing synthetic complexity involved. A subsection describing novel all-carbon-based glycoconjugates such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes is inserted, followed by a promising strategy involving dendrons self-assembling around metal chelates. The chapter then ends with those glycodendrimers that have been prepared using commercially available dendrimers possessing varied functionalities, or systematically synthesized using either divergent or convergent strategies.
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Daines AM, Greatrex BW, Hayman CM, Hook SM, McBurney WT, Rades T, Rendle PM, Sims IM. Mannosylated saponins based on oleanolic and glycyrrhizic acids. Towards synthetic colloidal antigen delivery systems. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5207-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kolomiets E, Swiderska M, Kadam R, Johansson EM, Jaeger KE, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Glycopeptide Dendrimers with High Affinity for the Fucose-Binding Lectin LecB fromPseudomonas aeruginosa. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:562-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200800380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hillaert U, Verdoes M, Florea B, Saragliadis A, Habets K, Kuiper J, Van Calenbergh S, Ossendorp F, van der Marel G, Driessen C, Overkleeft H. Receptor-Mediated Targeting of Cathepsins in Professional Antigen Presenting Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Espuelas S, Thumann C, Heurtault B, Schuber F, Frisch B. Influence of ligand valency on the targeting of immature human dendritic cells by mannosylated liposomes. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2385-93. [PMID: 19053315 DOI: 10.1021/bc8002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An important challenge for the development of new generations of vaccines is the efficient delivery of antigens to antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells. In the present study we compare the interaction of plain and targeted liposomes, containing mono-, di-, and tetraantennary mannosyl lipid derivatives, with human monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells (iDCs). Whereas efficient mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis by iDCs was observed for the mannosylated liposomes, in contrast, only nonspecific interaction with little uptake was observed with plain liposomes. In accordance with the clustering effect, liposomes prepared with multibranched mannosylated lipids displayed higher binding affinity for the mannose receptor than vesicles containing the monomannosylated analogs. Importantly, we have found that dimannosylated ligands present at the surface of the liposomes were as efficient as tetramannosylated ones to engage in multidentate interactions with the mannose receptor of iDCs, resulting in both cases in an effective uptake/endocytosis. This result will greatly facilitate, from a practical standpoint, the design of mannose-targeted vaccination constructs. Moreover, we showed that mannose-mediated uptake of liposomes did not result in an activation of iDCs. Altogether, our results suggest that antigen-associated targeted liposomes containing diantennary mannosylated lipids could be effective vectors for vaccines when combined with additional DC activation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Socorro Espuelas
- Institut Gilbert Laustriat, UMR 7175-LC01 CNRS/Universite Louis Pasteur, Departement de Chimie Bioorganique, Laboratoire de Chimie Enzymatique et Vectorisation, Faculte de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Hillaert U, Verdoes M, Florea B, Saragliadis A, Habets K, Kuiper J, Van Calenbergh S, Ossendorp F, van der Marel G, Driessen C, Overkleeft H. Receptor-Mediated Targeting of Cathepsins in Professional Antigen Presenting Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1629-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gour N, Purohit CS, Verma S, Puri R, Ganesh S. Mannosylated self-assembled structures for molecular confinement and gene delivery applications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 378:503-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Jayaraman N. Multivalent ligand presentation as a central concept to study intricate carbohydrate–protein interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:3463-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b815961k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sleiman M, Varrot A, Raimundo JM, Gingras M, Goekjian PG. Glycosylated asterisks are among the most potent low valency inducers of Concanavalin A aggregation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6507-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b814816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Brimble MA, Kowalczyk R, Harris PWR, Dunbar PR, Muir VJ. Synthesis of fluorescein-labelled O-mannosylated peptides as components for synthetic vaccines: comparison of two synthetic strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 6:112-21. [PMID: 18075655 DOI: 10.1039/b712926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-binding proteins on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are capable of recognizing and internalizing foreign agents in the early stages of immune response. These receptors offer a potential target for synthetic vaccines, especially vaccines designed to stimulate T cells. We set out to synthesize a series of fluorescein-labelled O-mannosylated peptides using manual solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) on pre-loaded Wang resin, in order to test their ability to bind mannose receptors on human APCs in vitro. A flexible and reliable method for the synthesis of fluorescein-labelled O-mannosylated glycopeptides was desired in order to study their lectin-binding properties using flow cell cytometry. Two synthetic strategies were investigated: incorporation of a fluorescein label into the peptide chain via a lysine side chain epsilon-amino group at the final stage of standard Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis or attachment of the fluorescein label to the N(alpha)-amino group of a lysine with further incorporation of a mannosylated peptide unit through the side chain N(epsilon)-amino group. The latter strategy proved more effective in that it facilitated SPPS by positioning the growing mannosylated peptide chain further removed from the fluorescein label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Brimble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Srinivas O, Larrieu P, Duverger E, Boccaccio C, Bousser MT, Monsigny M, Fonteneau JF, Jotereau F, Roche AC. Synthesis of glycocluster-tumor antigenic peptide conjugates for dendritic cell targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1547-54. [PMID: 17602511 DOI: 10.1021/bc070026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of dendritic cells (DC) for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines is attractive because of their unique ability to present tumor epitopes via the MHC class I pathway to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. C-Type membrane lectins, DC-SIGN and the mannose receptor (MR), present on the DC surface, recognize oligosaccharides containing mannose and/or fucose and mediate sugar-specific endocytosis of synthetic oligolysine-based glycoclusters. We therefore asked whether a glycotargeting approach could be used to induce uptake and presentation of tumor antigens by DC. To this end, we designed and synthesized glycocluster conjugates containing a CD8+ epitope of the Melan-A/Mart-1 melanoma antigen. These glycocluster-Melan-A conjugates were obtained by coupling glycosynthons: oligosaccharyl-pyroglutamyl-beta-alanine derivatives containing either disaccharides, a dimannoside (Manalpha-6Man) or lactoside, or a Lewis oligosaccharide, to Melan-A 16-40 peptide comprising the 26-35 HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitope, extended with an oligolysine stretch at the C-terminal end. We showed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry that fluorescent-labeled Melan-A glycoclusters containing either dimannoside or Lewis oligosaccharide were taken up by DC and concentrated in acidic vesicles; conversely lactoside glycopeptides were not at all taken up. Furthermore, using surface plasmon resonance, we showed that dimannoside and Lewis-Melan-A conjugates bind MR and DC-SIGN with high affinity. DC loaded with these conjugates, but not with the lactose-Melan-A conjugate, led to an efficient presentation of the Melan-A epitope eliciting a CD8+ T-lymphocyte response. These data suggest that synthetically designed glycocluster-tumor antigen conjugates may induce antigen cross-presentation by DC and represent a promising tool for the development of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruganti Srinivas
- Glycobiologie, Vectorologie et Traffic Intracellulaire, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS, Rue Charles-Sadron, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
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27
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Appelhans D, Zhong Y, Komber H, Friedel P, Oertel U, Scheler U, Morgner N, Kuckling D, Richter S, Seidel J, Brutschy B, Voit B. Oligosaccharide-Modified Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers: Synthesis, Structure Determination, and CuII Complexation. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:373-83. [PMID: 17370276 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The multiple application of reductive amination on primary amino groups of first and second generation poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers is used as a one-pot approach to introduce twice the amount of the oligosaccharide units as surface groups, compared to initially present amino groups in the first and second generation dendrimers. This was proven by (1)H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, and LILBID-MS analysis. The size of these dendrimers was determined by the hydrodynamic radius using pulsed field gradient NMR and dynamic light scattering. Molecular modeling confirmed the presence of dense-shell dendrimers. These dendrimers exhibit a generation dependent Cu(II)/dendrimer ratio in an aqueous environment, highlighting these materials as possible metal-carrier systems with a well-defined oligosaccharide protection shell for application in a biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, Germany.
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Arima H, Chihara Y, Arizono M, Yamashita S, Wada K, Hirayama F, Uekama K. Enhancement of gene transfer activity mediated by mannosylated dendrimer/α-cyclodextrin conjugate (generation 3, G3). J Control Release 2006; 116:64-74. [PMID: 17083992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To enhance gene transfer activity of dendrimers, we prepared its conjugate (generation 3, G3) with alpha-cyclodextrin bearing mannose (Man-alpha-CDE conjugates) with various degrees of substitution of the mannose moiety (DSM5, 10, 13, 20) and compared their cytotoxicity and gene transfer activity, and elucidated the enhancing mechanism for the activity. Of the various carriers used here, Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) provided the highest gene transfer activity in NR8383, A549, NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells, being independent of the expression of mannose receptors. Gene transfer activity of Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) was not decreased by the addition of 10% serum in A549 cells. Cytotoxicity of the polyplex with Man-alpha-CDE conjugates (G3, DSM10) was not observed in A549 and NIH3T3 cells up to the charge ratio of 200/1 (carrier/pDNA). The gel mobility and particle size of polyplex with Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) were relevant to those with alpha-CDE conjugate (G3), but zeta-potential, DNase I stability, pDNA condensation of the former polyplex were somewhat different from those of the latter one. Cellular association of polyplex with Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) was almost comparable to that with dendrimer (G3) complex and alpha-CDE conjugate (G3). The addition of mannan and mannose attenuated gene transfer activity of Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) in A549 cells. Alexa-pDNA complex with TRITC-Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10), but not the complex with TRITC-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3), was found to translocate to nucleus at 24 h after incubation in A549 cells. HVJ-E vector including mannan, but neither the vector alone nor the vector including dextran, suppressed the nuclear localization of TRITC-Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) to a striking degree after 24 h incubation in A549 cells. These results suggest that Man-alpha-CDE conjugate (G3, DSM10) has less cytotoxicity and prominent gene transfer activity through not only its serum resistant and endosome-escaping abilities but also nuclear localization ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Free P, Hurley CA, Kageyama T, Chain BM, Tabor AB. Mannose–pepstatin conjugates as targeted inhibitors of antigen processing. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:1817-30. [PMID: 16633575 DOI: 10.1039/b600060f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular details of antigen processing, including the identity of the enzymes involved, their intracellular location and their substrate specificity, are still incompletely understood. Selective inhibition of proteolytic antigen processing enzymes such as cathepsins D and E, using small molecular inhibitors such as pepstatin, has proven to be a valuable tool in investigating these pathways. However, pepstatin is poorly soluble in water and has limited access to the antigen processing compartment in antigen presenting cells. We have synthesised mannose-pepstatin conjugates, and neomannosylated BSA-pepstatin conjugates, as tools for the in vivo study of the antigen processing pathway. Conjugation to mannose and to neomannosylated BSA substantially improved the solubility of the conjugates relative to pepstatin. The mannose-pepstatin conjugates showed no reduction in inhibition of cathepsin E, whereas the neomannosylated BSA-pepstatin conjugates showed some loss of inhibition, probably due to steric factors. However, a neomannosylated BSA-pepstatin conjugate incorporating a cleavable disulfide linkage between the pepstatin and the BSA showed the best uptake to dendritic cells and the best inhibition of antigen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Free
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, UK
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Abstract
The liver is believed to be the primary clearance organ for coagulation proteases, including factor VIIa (FVIIa). However, at present, clearance mechanisms for FVIIa in liver are unknown. To obtain information on the FVIIa clearance mechanism, we investigated the binding and internalization of FVIIa in liver cells using a human hepatoma cell line (HEPG2), and primary rat and human hepatocytes as cell models. 125I-FVIIa bound to HEPG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Anti-tissue factor antibodies reduced the binding by about 25%, whereas 50-fold molar excess of unlabeled FVIIa had no effect. HEPG2 cells internalized FVIIa with a rate of 10 fmol 10(-5) cells h(-1). In contrast to HEPG2 cells, FVIIa binding to primary rat hepatocytes was completely independent of TF, and excess unlabeled FVIIa partly reduced the binding of 125I-FVIIa to rat hepatocytes. Further, compared with HEPG2 cells, three- to fourfold more FVIIa bound to rat primary hepatocytes, and the bound FVIIa was internalized at a faster rate. Similar FVIIa binding and internalization profiles were observed in primary human hepatocytes. Plasma inhibitors had no effect on FVIIa binding and internalization in hepatocytes. In contrast, annexin V, which binds to phosphatidylserine, blocked the binding and internalization. Consistent with this, binding of gla-domain-deleted FVIIa to hepatocytes was markedly diminished. In summary, the data presented herein reveal differences between HEPG2 cells and primary liver cells in FVIIa binding and internalization, and suggest that the rapid turnover of membrane and not a receptor-mediated endocytosis may be responsible for internalization of FVII/FVIIa in primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Hjortoe
- Health Care Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Maalov, Denmark; and
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | | | | | - L. Vijaya Mohan Rao
- Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
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Carpenter C, Nepogodiev SA. Synthesis of a αMan(1→3)αMan(1→2)αMan Glycocluster Presented on aβ-Cyclodextrin Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Espuelas S, Haller P, Schuber F, Frisch B. Synthesis of an amphiphilic tetraantennary mannosyl conjugate and incorporation into liposome carriers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2557-60. [PMID: 12852965 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a novel conjugate (Man(4)K(3)DOG) composed of a tetramannosyl head group connected, via a polyethylene glycol spacer, to a lipid moiety. This amphiphilic molecule was easily incorporated into the bilayers of liposomes. As expected from the clustering effect, such multivalent mannose residues when exposed on the surface of the vesicles showed much higher binding affinity for Concanavalin A than their monomannosyl analogue. Mannosylated liposomes prepared with the tetravalent antenna could be promising carriers for e.g., loading dendritic cells with antigens for vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Socorro Espuelas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, UMR 7514 CNRS/ULP, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67400-Illkirch, France
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Debenham SD, Snyder PW, Toone EJ. Solid-phase synthesis for the identification of high-affinity bivalent lectin ligands. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5805-11. [PMID: 12868911 DOI: 10.1021/jo0207271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of carbohydrate-based therapeutics has been frustrated by the low affinities that characterize protein-carbohydrate complexation. Because of the oligomeric nature of most lectins, the use of multivalency may offer a successful strategy for the creation of high-affinity ligands. The solid-phase evaluation of libraries of peptide-linked multivalent ligands facilitates rapid examination of a large fraction of linker structure space. If such solid-phase assays are to replicate solution binding behavior, the potential for intermolecular bivalent binding on bead surfaces must be eliminated. Here we report the solid-phase synthesis and analysis of peptide-linked, spatially segregated mono- and bivalent ligands for the legume lectin concanavalin A. Bead shaving protocols were used for the creation of beads displaying spatially segregated binding sequences on the surface of Tentagel resins. The same ligands were also synthesized on PEGA resin to determine the effect of ligand presentation on solid-phase binding. While we set out to determine the lower limit of assay sensitivity, the unexpected observation that intermolecular bivalent ligand binding is enhanced for bivalent ligands relative to monovalent ligands allowed direct observation of the level of surface blocking required to prevent intermolecular bivalent ligand binding. For a protein with binding sites separated by 65 A, approximately 99.9% of Tentagel(1) surface sites and 99.99% of the total sites on a PEGA bead must be blocked to prevent intermolecular bivalent binding. We also report agglutination and calorimetric solution-phase binding studies of mono- and bivalent peptide-linked ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl D Debenham
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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35
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Kinzel O, Fattori D, Ingallinella P, Bianchi E, Pessi A. Synthesis of a functionalized high affinity mannose receptor ligand and its application in the construction of peptide-, polyamide- and PNA-conjugates. J Pept Sci 2003; 9:375-85. [PMID: 12846483 DOI: 10.1002/psc.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a high affinity mannose receptor ligand, appropriately functionalized for chemoselective ligation with an antigen or DNA-binding moieties is described. By a combination of solid- and solution-phase chemistry a versatile synthesis of the target structure was accomplished. Examples of subsequent ligation reactions are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Kinzel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, IRBM P. Angeletti, Via Pontina Km 30.600, 00040 Pomezia (Rome), Italy
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36
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Engel A, Chatterjee SK, Al-arifi A, Riemann D, Langner J, Nuhn P. Influence of spacer length on interaction of mannosylated liposomes with human phagocytic cells. Pharm Res 2003; 20:51-7. [PMID: 12608536 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022294624256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve target specificity and uptake of liposomes by macrophages, one can improve high-affinity receptor binding to mannose determinants with their 175-kDa mannose receptor (MR), which is mainly influenced by the length and flexibility of the spacer between the carbohydrate head group and liposome surface. Liposomes containing alkylmannosides with hydrophilic spacers 0 to 8 ethyleneoxy units (EO) long (Man0...Man8) were used to investigate systematically the effects of spacer length on liposome-cell interactions. METHODS Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liposome aggregation was studied by turbidity measurement and cell uptake using PMA-induced HL-60 cells or native human macrophages by determining 6-CF after cell lysis or NBD-fluorescence with flow cytometry. Detection of MR in native cell populations was carried out by an antibody assay using flow cytometry; MR-representing cells were selected analytically. RESULTS Liposomes containing mannosides with more than one EO spacer length were specifically aggregated by ConA, indicating accessibility of the carbohydrate ligands of these derivatives. Increase in EO spacer units of incorporated mannosides (two or more EO) led to suppression of cellular uptake of mannosylated liposomes by phagocytes lacking MR (HL60, U937). The extent of suppression increased with spacer length. Liposome uptake by native macrophages expressing MR was, on the contrary, improved, particularly by Man6 and Man8. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of liposomes modified with Man6 or Man8 by native cells was enhanced but did not reach an optimum. Thus, Man6, Man8, and mannosides with even longer spacer arms are of potential use in receptor-mediated targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Engel
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Frison N, Marceau P, Roche AC, Monsigny M, Mayer R. Oligolysine-based saccharide clusters: synthesis and specificity. Biochem J 2002; 368:111-9. [PMID: 12119048 PMCID: PMC1222954 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2002] [Revised: 07/09/2002] [Accepted: 07/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In search of specific and highly selective sugar clusters for cell receptors, such as membrane lectins, various disaccharides were coupled to small peptide cores through an amide bond. In a first step, the reducing disaccharides, i.e. lactose and three different dimannoses, were converted into glycosyl-pyroglutamyl-beta-alanine derivatives. The free carboxylic group of these conjugates was then coupled to the alpha and epsilon amino groups of the core peptide (Lys( n )-Ala-Cys-NH2) with n =1 to 5, with complete substitution leading to homogeneous glycoclusters. The thiol group of the cysteine residue was used to tag the glycosylated oligolysines upon reaction with fluorescein iodoacetamide. The affinity of these glycoclusters towards two plant lectins was assessed by surface plasmon resonance. The selectivity of their cell uptake was investigated by flow cytometry using two types of cells: a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells) expressing the plasma membrane galactose-specific lectin, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells expressing the plasma membrane mannose-specific lectin. The glycoclusters containing four or five disaccharides were shown to bind plant lectins and cell surface membrane lectins with a narrow selectivity and with a high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Frison
- Glycobiologie, Vectorologie et Trafic intracellulaire, Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, 1, rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
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Angyalosi G, Grandjean C, Lamirand M, Auriault C, Gras-Masse H, Melnyk O. Synthesis and mannose receptor-mediated uptake of clustered glycomimetics by human dendritic cells: effect of charge. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2723-7. [PMID: 12217363 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Effect of charge and shape of multivalent lysine-based cluster glycomimetics on their mannose receptor-mediated uptake by human dendritic cells has been evaluated: The capture is strongly affected by the shape of the ligands. The effect of charge is less pronounced although positive charges on the ligands seem to favor non-specific endocytosis capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Angyalosi
- SEDAC-Therapeutics, Parc Eurasanté, Le Galenis, Bât B, 85 rue Nelson Mandela, 59120 Loos, France
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39
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Artificial Multivalent Sugar Ligands to Understand and Manipulate Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. HOST-GUEST CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45010-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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van Rossenberg SM, Sliedregt LA, Autar R, Piperi C, Van Der Merwe AP, van Berkel TJ, Kuiper J, Biessen EA. A structure-function study of ligand recognition by CD22beta. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:12967-73. [PMID: 11152460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009276200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell-specific CD22 is a member of a group of cell adhesion molecules within the immunoglobulin superfamily that display binding to glycans with terminal sialic acid residues. Binding of endogenous ligands to CD22 triggers B-cell activation and proliferation. It is therefore conceivable that high affinity ligands for CD22 may be of value as inhibitors of B-cell activation in allergy and chronic inflammation. In this study, we aimed to delineate the structural requirements for ligand binding to CD22. A library of 20 mono-, di-, and trisaccharide analogs of the basic binding motif Neu5Ac(alpha2,6)Lac was synthesized and screened for affinity for CD22beta. In general, CD22 ligand recognition appeared to be rather tolerant with respect to structural modifications of the anomeric sugar on a mono-, di-, and trisaccharide level, although affinity was increased by the presence of a nitro aromatic group at C-2. The most potent monovalent ligand, Neu5Ac-4-nitrobenzoyl-Glc, was selected to generate multivalent ligands based on either a glutamate or Tris cluster core. All multivalent ligands displayed at least a 10-fold increased affinity for CD22 compared with the corresponding monovalent glycoside. Interestingly, a maximal gain in affinity was already obtained for bivalent ligands, regardless of the terminal glycoside. A trivalent Tris-based cluster of Neu5Ac-4-nitrobenzoyl-Glc displayed a 300-fold higher affinity compared with the basic binding motif, which makes it, to our knowledge, the most potent antagonist for CD22 yet synthesized. As our in vitro fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies demonstrated efficient cellular uptake of a CD22 substrate, the most potent ligand in this study may hold promise as a homing device for immunomodulatory compounds and cytostatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M van Rossenberg
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Taylor
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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Grandjean C, Gras-Masse H, Melnyk O. Synthesis of clustered glycoside-antigen conjugates by two one-pot, orthogonal, chemoselective ligation reactions: scope and limitations. Chemistry 2001; 7:230-9. [PMID: 11205015 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010105)7:1<230::aid-chem230>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility class II antigens have been bound to clustered glycosides for selective targeting of the dendritic cell mannose receptor. Di-, tetra-, and octavalent glycoside-antigen conjugates have been obtained after two, orthogonal, hydrazone/thioether ligations, performed by using thio derivatives of D-mannose, D-galactose, or D(-)-quinic acid, glyoxylyl (or hydrazino)-N-chloroacetylated lysinyl trees, and N-terminal hydrazino (or glyoxylyl) peptide antigens. Successful one-pot condensations have been developed to account for the nature of the antigens and the valency of the trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grandjean
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction des Biomolécules, UMR 8525 du CNRS, Université de Lille II, Institut de Biologie et Institut Pasteur de Lille 1, France.
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Grandjean C, Rommens C, Gras-Masse H, Melnyk O. One-Pot Synthesis of Antigen-Bearing, Lysine-Based Cluster Mannosides Using Two Orthogonal Chemoselective Ligation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000317)112:6<1110::aid-ange1110>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Corbell JB, Lundquist JJ, Toone EJ. A comparison of biological and calorimetric analyses of multivalent glycodendrimer ligands for concanavalin A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions serve multiple functions in the immune system. Many animal lectins (sugar-binding proteins) mediate both pathogen recognition and cell-cell interactions using structurally related Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-recognition domains (C-type CRDs). Pathogen recognition by soluble collections such as serum mannose-binding protein and pulmonary surfactant proteins, and also the macrophage cell-surface mannose receptor, is effected by binding of terminal monosaccharide residues characteristic of bacterial and fungal cell surfaces. The broad selectivity of the monosaccharide-binding site and the geometrical arrangement of multiple CRDs in the intact lectins explains the ability of the proteins to mediate discrimination between self and non-self. In contrast, the much narrower binding specificity of selectin cell adhesion molecules results from an extended binding site within a single CRD. Other proteins, particularly receptors on the surface of natural killer cells, contain C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) that are evolutionarily divergent from the C-type lectins and which would be predicted to function through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Weis
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
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Lis H, Sharon N. Lectins: Carbohydrate-Specific Proteins That Mediate Cellular Recognition. Chem Rev 1998; 98:637-674. [PMID: 11848911 DOI: 10.1021/cr940413g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halina Lis
- Department of Membrane Research and Biophysics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Stahl PD, Ezekowitz RA. The mannose receptor is a pattern recognition receptor involved in host defense. Curr Opin Immunol 1998; 10:50-5. [PMID: 9523111 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mannose receptor recognizes the patterns of carbohydrates that decorate the surfaces and cell walls of infectious agents. This macrophage and dendritic cell pattern-recognition receptor mediates endocytosis and phagocytosis. The mannose receptor is the prototype of a new family of multilectin receptor proteins (membrane-spanning receptors containing eight-ten lectin-like domains, which appear to play a key role in host defense) and provides a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Recent advances include the identification of three new members of the mannose receptor family, additional work on defining the molecular requirements for sugar binding, a role for the mannose receptor in antigen presentation of lipoglycan antigens and evidence that the mannose receptor is associated with a signal transduction pathway leading to cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Stahl
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Noorman F, Rijken D. Regulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator concentrations by clearance via the mannose receptor and other receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0268-9499(97)80048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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