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Dobson DA, Fish RJ, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Neerman-Arbez M, Wolberg AS. Regulation of fibrinogen synthesis. Thromb Res 2024; 242:109134. [PMID: 39216273 PMCID: PMC11381137 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The plasma protein fibrinogen is encoded by 3 structural genes (FGA, FGB, and FGG) that are transcribed to mRNA, spliced, and translated to 3 polypeptide chains (Aα, Bβ, and γ, respectively). These chains are targeted for secretion, decorated with post-translational modifications, and assembled into a hexameric "dimer of trimers" (AαBβγ)2. Fully assembled fibrinogen is secreted into the blood as a 340 kDa glycoprotein. Fibrinogen is one of the most prevalent coagulation proteins in blood, and its expression is induced by inflammatory cytokines, wherein circulating fibrinogen levels may increase up to 3-fold during acute inflammatory events. Abnormal levels of circulating fibrinogen are associated with bleeding and thrombotic disorders, as well as several inflammatory diseases. Notably, therapeutic strategies to modulate fibrinogen levels have shown promise in experimental models of disease. Herein, we review pathways mediating fibrinogen synthesis, from gene expression to secretion. Knowledge of these mechanisms may lead to the identification of biomarkers and new therapeutic targets to modulate fibrinogen in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dre'Von A Dobson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard J Fish
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Kasper M, Cydis M, Afridi A, Smadi BM, Li Y, Charlier A, Barnes BE, Hohn J, Cline MJ, Carver W, Matthews M, Savin D, Rinaldi-Ramos CM, Schmidt CE. Development of a bioactive tunable hyaluronic-protein bioconjugate hydrogel for tissue regenerative applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7663-7674. [PMID: 37458393 PMCID: PMC10528782 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02766f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Every year, there are approximately 500 000 peripheral nerve injury (PNI) procedures due to trauma in the US alone. Autologous and acellular nerve grafts are among current clinical repair options; however, they are limited largely by the high costs associated with donor nerve tissue harvesting and implant processing, respectively. Therefore, there is a clinical need for an off-the-shelf nerve graft that can recapitulate the native microenvironment of the nerve. In our previous work, we created a hydrogel scaffold that incorporates mechanical and biological cues that mimic the peripheral nerve microenvironment using chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA). However, with our previous work, the degradation profile and cell adhesivity was not ideal for tissue regeneration, in particular, peripheral nerve regeneration. To improve our previous hydrogel, HA was conjugated with fibrinogen using Michael-addition to assist in cell adhesion and hydrogel degradability. The addition of the fibrinogen linker was found to contribute to faster scaffold degradation via active enzymatic breakdown, compared to HA alone. Additionally, cell count and metabolic activity was significantly higher on HA conjugated fibrinogen compared previous hydrogel formulations. This manuscript discusses the various techniques deployed to characterize our new modified HA fibrinogen chemistry physically, mechanically, and biologically. This work addresses the aforementioned concerns by incorporating controllable degradability and increased cell adhesivity while maintaining incorporation of hyaluronic acid, paving the pathway for use in a variety of applications as a multi-purpose tissue engineering platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kasper
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Madison Cydis
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Abdullah Afridi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Bassam M Smadi
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Yuan Li
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Alban Charlier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Brooke E Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Julia Hohn
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Michael J Cline
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Wayne Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Michael Matthews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Daniel Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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Abstract
Intraoperative bleeding and postoperative bleeding are major surgical complications. Tissue sealants, hemostats, and adhesives provide the armamentarium for establishing hemostatic balance, including the tissue sealant fibrin. Fibrin sealants combine advantages including instantaneous effect, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, several challenges remain. This review summarizes current fibrin product generations and highlights new trends and potential strategies for future improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Beudert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Zhou W, Huang Y, Wei J, Wang JL, Huang B, Zhou X, Yan J, Wu Y, Lin F, Wen W. A novel fibrinogen γ-chain frameshift mutation, p. Cys365Phefs*41, causing hypofibrinogenemia with bleeding phenotype in a Chinese family. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1308. [PMID: 34532445 PMCID: PMC8422118 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is a rare bleeding disease that is classified as the quantitative deficient type. In the present study, investigated the relationship between the genotype and phenotype in a family with hypofibrinogenemia. Methods The proband was aware of a predisposition to bleeding. Functional analysis was performed for her all family members, including coagulation function tests, thrombus molecular markers, thromboelastography, scanning electron microscopy, DNA sequencing, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Pathogenicity analysis and protein modeling of mutant amino acids were also performed. Results A novel heterozygous mutation in c.1094delG was detected in FGG exon 8, which resulted in p. Cys365Phefs*41 (containing the signal peptide) in the proband and her mother, who showed a corresponding decrease in fibrinogen function and levels. Thromboelastography indicated that the strength of their blood clots decreased and they had an increased risk of bleeding. The proband fibrin network structure was looser than healthy controls, with large pores in the network, which increased the permeability of lytic enzymes. Results of HPLC-MS showed a lack of mutant peptide chain expression in their plasma, indicating that the family had congenital hypofibrinogenemia, with a clinical phenotype that is related to the degree of fibrinogen deficiency. The mutation truncated the γ-peptide chain and destroyed the functional structure of fibrinogen, including the γ352Cys-γ365Cys disulfide bond. The truncated peptide chains may also lead to nonsense-mediated decay. Conclusions The mutation induced a structural change at the carboxyl-terminal of the fibrinogen molecule, leading to fibrinogen secretion dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China.,Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Reproductive Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.,Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Jun Li Wang
- Reproductive Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Boming Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Faquan Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wangrong Wen
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China.,Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Yoda M, Kaido T, Kamijo T, Taira C, Higuchi Y, Arai S, Okumura N. Novel variant fibrinogen γp.C352R produced hypodysfibrinogenemia leading to a bleeding episode and failure of infertility treatment. Int J Hematol 2021; 114:325-333. [PMID: 34117991 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We identified a patient with a novel heterozygous variant fibrinogen, γp.C352R (Niigata II; N-II), who had a bleeding episode and failed infertility treatment and was suspected to have hypodysfibrinogenemia based on low and discordant fibrinogen levels (functional assay 0.33 g/L, immunological assay 0.91 g/L). We analyzed the mechanism of this rare phenotype of a congenital fibrinogen disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient plasma fibrinogen was purified and protein characterization and thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization performed. Recombinant fibrinogen-producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were established and the assembly and secretion of variant fibrinogen analyzed by ELISA and western blotting. RESULTS Purified N-II plasma fibrinogen had a small lower molecular weight band below the normal γ-chain and slightly reduced fibrin polymerization. A limited proportion of p.C352R fibrinogen was secreted into the culture medium of established CHO cell lines, but the γ-chain of p.C352R was synthesized and variant fibrinogen was assembled inside the cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that fibrinogen N-II, γp.C352R was associated with markedly reduced secretion of variant fibrinogen from CHO cells, that fibrin polymerization of purified plasma fibrinogen was only slightly affected, and that fibrinogen N-II produces hypodysfibrinogenemia in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yoda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Tomu Kamijo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Chiaki Taira
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yumiko Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shinpei Arai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Okumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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6
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Zhou P, Yu M, Peng Y, Ma P, Wan L. Identification and characterization of novel mutations in Chinese patients with congenital fibrinogen disorders. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 86:102489. [PMID: 32877852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital fibrinogen disorders are characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations with mutations in the fibrinogen gene cluster. We aimed to describe the molecular genetics and clinical manifestations of fibrinogen abnormalities and perform genotype-phenotype correlations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genetic analysis of fibrinogen genes was performed by direct sequencing. The effect of the specific missense variants on fibrinogen structure and function was analyzed using PROVEAN and PolyPhen-2 algorithms and was predicted by protein modeling. RESULTS Thirteen mutations, including five novel mutations, were identified in the three fibrinogen genes. There was poor correlation between genotypes and phenotypes. All but one of the novel mutations in subjects were predicted to be deleterious. Protein modeling predicted that multiple ienteractions with surrounding residues for novel variants were likely to result in congenital fibrinogen disorders. CONCLUSION This study in a relatively large cohort of Chinese patients with congenital fibrinogen disorders enabled the identification of five new fibrinogen missense mutations. In silico modeling may represent a valuable tool for understanding amino acid residues from novel variants leading to congenital fibrinogen disorders, but it should be followed by functional studies. Clinical presentation of fibrinogen disorders was variable, possibly due to genetic and environmental modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puhui Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Ma
- The Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - Lagen Wan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, People's Republic of China
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7
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Kuschnerus I, Lau M, Giri K, Bedford N, Biazik J, Ruan J, Garcia-Bennett A. Effect of a protein corona on the fibrinogen induced cellular oxidative stress of gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5898-5905. [PMID: 32104861 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The protein corona of nanoparticles is becoming a tool to understand the relation between intrinsic physicochemical properties and extrinsic biological behaviour. A diverse set of characterisation techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, zeta-potential measurements and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy are used to determine the composition and physical properties of the soft and hard corona formed around spherical gold nanoparticles. Advanced characterisation via small angle X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy suggests the presence of a thin hard corona of a few nm on 50 nm gold nanoparticles. The protein corona does not cause changes in cell viability, but inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species in microglia cells. When a pre-incubated layer of fibrinogen, a protein with high affinity for the gold surface, is present around the nanoparticles before a protein corona is formed in bovine serum, the cellular uptake is significantly increased with an inhibition of ROS. The selective sequential pre-formation of protein complexes prior to incubation in cells is demonstrated as a viable method to alter the biological behaviour of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kuschnerus
- Dpt. Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. and Centre for Nanoscale and BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Lau
- Dpt. Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kalpeshkumar Giri
- Dpt. Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. and Centre for Nanoscale and BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Bedford
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Biazik
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanfang Ruan
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alfonso Garcia-Bennett
- Dpt. Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. and Centre for Nanoscale and BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Soria J, Mirshahi S, Mirshahi SQ, Varin R, Pritchard LL, Soria C, Mirshahi M. Fibrinogen αC domain: Its importance in physiopathology. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2019; 3:173-183. [PMID: 31011701 PMCID: PMC6462745 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fibrinogen, involved in coagulation, is a soluble protein composed of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aα, Bβ, and γ-chains. In this review, we present the clinical implications of the αC domain of the molecule in Alzheimer's disease, hereditary renal amyloidosis and a number of thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is increased and binds to the αC domain of normal fibrinogen, triggering increased fibrin(ogen) deposition in patients' brain parenchyma. In hereditary renal amyloidosis, fibrinogen is abnormal, with mutations located in the fibrinogen αC domain. The mutant αC domain derived from fibrinogen degradation folds incorrectly so that, in time, aggregates form, leading to amyloid deposits in the kidneys. In these patients, no thrombotic tendency has been observed. Abnormal fibrinogens with either a point mutation in the αC domain or a frameshift mutation resulting in absence of a part of the αC domain are often associated with either thrombotic events or bleeding. Mutation of an amino acid into cysteine (as in fibrinogens Dusart and Caracas V) or a frameshift mutation yielding an unpaired cysteine in the αC domain is often responsible for thrombotic events. Covalent binding of albumin to the unpaired cysteine via a disulphide bridge leads to decreased accessibility to the fibrinolytic enzymes, hence formation of poorly degradable fibrin clots, which explains the high incidence of thrombosis. In contrast, anomalies due to a frameshift mutation in the αC connector of the molecule, provoking deletion of a great part of the αC domain, are associated with bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Soria
- Laboratoire de recherche en Onco‐HématologieHôtel Dieu de ParisParisFrance
- INSERM U 965‐ CARTHôpital LariboisièreParisFrance
| | - Shahsoltan Mirshahi
- INSERM U 965‐ CARTHôpital LariboisièreParisFrance
- Diagnostica StagoGennevilliersFrance
| | | | - Remi Varin
- Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieRouenFrance
| | - Linda L. Pritchard
- Laboratoire de recherche en Onco‐HématologieHôtel Dieu de ParisParisFrance
| | - Claudine Soria
- Laboratoire de recherche en Onco‐HématologieHôtel Dieu de ParisParisFrance
| | - Massoud Mirshahi
- Laboratoire de recherche en Onco‐HématologieHôtel Dieu de ParisParisFrance
- INSERM U 965‐ CARTHôpital LariboisièreParisFrance
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A novel fibrinogen gamma-chain mutation, p.Cys165Arg, causes disruption of the γ165Cys-Bβ227Cys disulfide bond and ultimately leads to hypofibrinogenemia. Thromb Res 2018; 172:128-134. [PMID: 30412834 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is a type of hereditary disease characterized by impaired fibrinogen synthesis and/or secretion induced by mutations in the fibrinogen gene. OBJECTIVES We investigated the phenotypes, genotypes, and pathogenesis of congenital hypofibrinogenemia in an affected family. PATIENTS/METHODS The proband had a risk of bleeding; therefore, conventional coagulation screening was performed for the proband and her family members. Mutation sites in all exons and flanking sequences of FGA, FGB, and FGG were identified, with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) performed to indicate the expression of abnormal chains. The effect of the mutation sites on fibrinogen structure and function was predicted by molecular modeling, and purified plasma fibrinogen from the proband was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and scanning electron microscopy. Thromboelastography was applied to assess the risk of bleeding and clotting in the proband. RESULTS Fibrinogen levels in the proband were 1.21 g/L, 1.31 g/L, and 1.38 g/L according to Clauss assay, the prothrombin time method, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. A novel heterozygous mutation (γCys165Arg), a heterozygous mutation (AαIle6Val), and two genetic polymorphisms (AαThr331Ala and BβArg478Lys) in fibrinogen were found in the proband, and MALDI-TOF MS indicated absence of the mutated chain in patient plasma. Additionally, the heterozygous mutation (γCys165Arg) displayed substitution of a nonpolar γ165Cys (low mass) with a positively charged Arg (high mass) along with a small fiber diameter and loose network structure. CONCLUSIONS Fibrinogen γCys165Arg mutations cause damage to the interchain disulfide bonds of fibrinogen and hinder fibrinogen secretion, possibly explaining the pathological mechanism associated with congenital hypofibrinogenemia.
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10
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Tiscia GL, Margaglione M. Human Fibrinogen: Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Congenital Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061597. [PMID: 29844251 PMCID: PMC6032319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital fibrinogen disorders can be quantitative (afibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia) or functional (dysfibrinognemia). To date, several genetic variants have been identified in individuals with fibrinogen disorders. The complexity of the fibrinogen molecules, formed by three non-identical chains and with a trinodal organization, renders the identification of molecular causes and of clinical and biochemical phenotypes very challenging. However, the acknowledgement of the type of molecular defect is crucial for a safer therapy, which is going to improve the clinical management of these patients. In this review, some aspects concerning molecular and clinical findings available on congenital fibrinogen disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Tiscia
- Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Unit, I.R.C.C.S. "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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11
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Marchi R, Linares M, Rojas H, Ruiz-Sáez A, Meyer M, Casini A, Brennan SO. A novel fibrinogen mutation: FGA g. 3057 C > T (p. Arg104 > Cys) impairs fibrinogen secretion. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2017; 17:22. [PMID: 29299315 PMCID: PMC5741905 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-017-0086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Abnormal fibrinogens can be caused by clinically silent hereditary mutations. A new case was detected accidentally in an 11-year-old girl when routine pre-operative coagulation tests were performed for nasal turbinate surgery. Methods The fibrinogen genes FGA, FGG and FGB were sequenced using standard protocols. The kinetics of fibrin formation were followed by turbidity at 350 nm. Purified fibrinogen was incubated with plasmin, and the degradation products analyzed by SDS/PAGE. The formation of fibrinogen-albumin complexes was analyzed by immunobloting. Fibrin structure was examined in a Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-U laser microscope. Secretion of the variant protein was analyzed directly by reverse phase-electrospray time of flight-mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Results DNA sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous g. 3057 C > T mutation in the FGA that predicts a p. Arg104 > Cys substitution, in the proband and her father. Both patients were asymptomatic with low functional and antigen fibrinogen concentrations. The proband's plasma fibrinogen polymerization was almost normal, with a 12% decrease in the final turbidity, while, the father's fibrin formation had a diminished slope and final turbidity (2.5× and 40%, respectively). Aα Arg104 is located at a plasmin cleavage site in the coiled-coil region of fibrinogen. However, the father's fibrinogen plasmin degradation was normal. Although the exchanged Cys introduces an unpaired -SH, immunoblotting showed no fibrinogen-albumin complexes. Furthermore, the plasma clot structure observed by confocal microscopy appeared almost normal. TOF-MS showed that the variant Aα chain was underrepresented in plasma and made up only about 25% of the total. Conclusions The low expression of the Aα Arg104 > Cys chain in circulation could account for the observed hypodysfibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marchi
- Lab. Biología del Desarrollo de la Hemostasia. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - M Linares
- Lab. Biología del Desarrollo de la Hemostasia. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - H Rojas
- Instituto de Inmunología, Universidad Central de Venezuela and Lab. Fisiología Celular Centro de Biofisica y Bioquímica (IVIC), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - A Ruiz-Sáez
- Banco Municipal de Sangre del Distrito Capital, Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - M Meyer
- Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - A Casini
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S O Brennan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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12
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Laurie AD, McRae S, Brennan SO. Exon skipping and aberrant signal peptide cleavage produce novel fibrinogen with an Aα chain lacking the first 42 residues. Thromb Haemost 2017; 116:581-5. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-03-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Casini A, Brungs T, Lavenu-Bombled C, Vilar R, Neerman-Arbez M, de Moerloose P. Genetics, diagnosis and clinical features of congenital hypodysfibrinogenemia: a systematic literature review and report of a novel mutation. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:876-888. [PMID: 28211264 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Hypodysfibrinogenemia is rarely reported among the congenital fibrinogen disorders. This first systematic literature review led to identification of 51 hypodysfibrinogenemic cases. Diagnosis based only on functional/antigenic fibrinogen ratio may be insufficient. Family studies show an incomplete segregation of mutation with the clinical phenotypes. SUMMARY Background Hypodysfibrinogenemia is a rare disease characterized by decreased levels of a dysfunctional fibrinogen. It shares features with both hypo- and dysfibrinogenemia, although with specific molecular patterns and clinical phenotypes. Objectives To better define the genetics, the diagnosis and the clinical features of hypodysfibrinogenemia. Patients/Methods A systematic literature search led to 167 records. After removal of duplicates, abstract screening and full-text reviewing, 56 molecular and/or clinical studies were analyzed, including a novel FGB missense mutation in a woman with a mild bleeding phenotype. Results A total of 32 single causative mutations were reported, mainly in the COOH-terminal region of the γ or Aα chains at heterozygous or homozygous state. Seven additional hypodysfibrinogenemias were due to compound heterozygosity. The hypofibrinogenemic phenotypes were a result of an impaired assembly or secretion or an increased clearance of the fibrinogen variant, whereas the dysfibrinogenemic phenotype was mainly a result of a defective fibrin polymerization and an abnormal calcium or tPA binding. Among 51 identified index cases, a functional/antigenic fibrinogen ratio < 0.7 had a sensitivity of 86% for the diagnosis of hypodysfibrinogenemia. Eleven patients (22%) were asymptomatic at time of diagnosis, 23 (45%) had a mild bleeding phenotype with mainly obstetrical or gynecologic-related hemorrhage and 22 (43%) had experienced at least one thrombotic event, including 23 venous and eight arterial thromboses. Conclusions This first systematic review on hypodysfibrinogenemia shows the heterogeneity of causative mutations and that misdiagnosis could occur in relation to the functional and antigenic fibrinogen levels. Family studies reveal an incomplete segregation of the mutation with the clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casini
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Brungs
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - C Lavenu-Bombled
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - R Vilar
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Neerman-Arbez
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P de Moerloose
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
Fibrinogen and fibrin are essential for hemostasis and are major factors in thrombosis, wound healing, and several other biological functions and pathological conditions. The X-ray crystallographic structure of major parts of fibrin(ogen), together with computational reconstructions of missing portions and numerous biochemical and biophysical studies, have provided a wealth of data to interpret molecular mechanisms of fibrin formation, its organization, and properties. On cleavage of fibrinopeptides by thrombin, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin monomers, which interact via knobs exposed by fibrinopeptide removal in the central region, with holes always exposed at the ends of the molecules. The resulting half-staggered, double-stranded oligomers lengthen into protofibrils, which aggregate laterally to make fibers, which then branch to yield a three-dimensional network. Much is now known about the structural origins of clot mechanical properties, including changes in fiber orientation, stretching and buckling, and forced unfolding of molecular domains. Studies of congenital fibrinogen variants and post-translational modifications have increased our understanding of the structure and functions of fibrin(ogen). The fibrinolytic system, with the zymogen plasminogen binding to fibrin together with tissue-type plasminogen activator to promote activation to the active proteolytic enzyme, plasmin, results in digestion of fibrin at specific lysine residues. In spite of a great increase in our knowledge of all these interconnected processes, much about the molecular mechanisms of the biological functions of fibrin(ogen) remains unknown, including some basic aspects of clotting, fibrinolysis, and molecular origins of fibrin mechanical properties. Even less is known concerning more complex (patho)physiological implications of fibrinogen and fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Brennan SO, Laurie AD, Bell JA. Novel FGB mutation Bβ240Cys→Arg confirms importance of the Bβ211-240 disulphide for plasma expression of fibrinogen. Thromb Res 2016; 147:94-96. [PMID: 27710858 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Brennan
- Pathology Department, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew D Laurie
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julie-Anne Bell
- Haematology Department, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
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16
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Rahimi M, Ng EP, Bakhtiari K, Vinciguerra M, Ahmad HA, Awala H, Mintova S, Daghighi M, Bakhshandeh Rostami F, de Vries M, Motazacker MM, Peppelenbosch MP, Mahmoudi M, Rezaee F. Zeolite Nanoparticles for Selective Sorption of Plasma Proteins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17259. [PMID: 26616161 PMCID: PMC4663482 DOI: 10.1038/srep17259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The affinity of zeolite nanoparticles (diameter of 8-12 nm) possessing high surface area and high pore volume towards human plasma proteins has been investigated. The protein composition (corona) of zeolite nanoparticles has been shown to be more dependent on the plasma protein concentrations and the type of zeolites than zeolite nanoparticles concentration. The number of proteins present in the corona of zeolite nanoparticles at 100% plasma (in vivo state) is less than with 10% plasma exposure. This could be due to a competition between the proteins to occupy the corona of the zeolite nanoparticles. Moreover, a high selective adsorption for apolipoprotein C-III (APOC-III) and fibrinogen on the zeolite nanoparticles at high plasma concentration (100%) was observed. While the zeolite nanoparticles exposed to low plasma concentration (10%) exhibited a high selective adsorption for immunoglobulin gamma (i.e. IGHG1, IGHG2 and IGHG4) proteins. The zeolite nanoparticles can potentially be used for selectively capture of APOC-III in order to reduce the activation of lipoprotein lipase inhibition during hypertriglyceridemia treatment. The zeolite nanoparticles can be adapted to hemophilic patients (hemophilia A (F-VIII deficient) and hemophilia B (F-IX deficient)) with a risk of bleeding, and thus might be potentially used in combination with the existing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rahimi
- Faculty of Science, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - E.-P. Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Malaysia
| | - K. Bakhtiari
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Vinciguerra
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - H. Ali Ahmad
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Spectroscopy, ENSICAEN, University of Caen, CNRS, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - H. Awala
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Spectroscopy, ENSICAEN, University of Caen, CNRS, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - S. Mintova
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Spectroscopy, ENSICAEN, University of Caen, CNRS, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - M. Daghighi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department Bioengineering, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - M. de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department Cell Biology, Department medical proteomics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M. M. Motazacker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M. Mahmoudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - F. Rezaee
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department Cell Biology, Department medical proteomics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Ikeda M, Arai S, Mukai S, Takezawa Y, Terasawa F, Okumura N. Novel heterozygous dysfibrinogenemia, Sumida (AαC472S), showed markedly impaired lateral aggregation of protofibrils and mildly lower functional fibrinogen levels. Thromb Res 2015; 135:710-7. [PMID: 25613923 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We encountered a 6-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus. Although no bleeding or thrombotic tendency was detected, routine coagulation screening tests revealed slightly lower plasma fibrinogen levels, as determined by functional and antigenic measurements (functional/antigenic ratio=0.857), suggesting hypodysfibrinogenemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA sequence and functional analyses were performed on purified plasma fibrinogen, and recombinant variant fibrinogen was synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells based on the results obtained. RESULTS DNA sequencing revealed a heterozygous AαC472S substitution (mature protein residue number) in the αC-domain. AαC472S fibrinogen indicated the presence of additional disulfide-bonded molecules, and markedly impaired lateral aggregation of protofibrils in spite of slightly lower functional plasma fibrinogen levels. Scanning electron microscopic observations showed a thin fiber fibrin clot, and t-PA and plasminogen-mediated clot lysis was similar to that of a normal control. Recombinant variant fibrinogen-producing cells demonstrated that destruction of the Aα442C-472C disulfide bond did not prevent the synthesis or secretion of fibrinogen, whereas the variant Aα chain of the secreted protein was degraded faster than that of the normal control. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AαC472S fibrinogen may cause dysfibrinogenemia, but not hypofibrinogenemia. The destruction and steric hindrance of the αC-domain of variant fibrinogen led to the impaired lateral aggregation of protofibrils and t-PA and plasminogen-mediated fibrinolysis, as well as several previously reported variants located in the αC-domain, and demonstrated the presence of disulfide-bonded molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shinpei Arai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Saki Mukai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuka Takezawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Fumiko Terasawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Okumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
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18
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Brennan SO, Laurie A, Smith M. Novel FGG variant (γ339C→S) confirms importance of the γ326-339 disulphide bond for plasma expression of newly synthesised fibrinogen. Thromb Haemost 2015; 113:903-5. [PMID: 25588350 DOI: 10.1160/th14-10-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Brennan
- Prof. Stephen Brennan, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Canterbury Health Laboratories, PO Box 151, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand, Tel.: +64 3 364 0549, Fax: +64 3 364 0545, E-mail:
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19
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Asselta R, Platè M, Robusto M, Borhany M, Guella I, Soldà G, Afrasiabi A, Menegatti M, Shamsi T, Peyvandi F, Duga S. Clinical and molecular characterisation of 21 patients affected by quantitative fibrinogen deficiency. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:567-76. [PMID: 25427968 DOI: 10.1160/th14-07-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a plasma glycoprotein mainly synthesised by hepatocytes and circulating as a 340-kDa hexamer consisting of two sets of three different polypeptide chains (Aα, Bβ, and γ, encoded by the FGA, FGB, and FGG gene, respectively). Congenital afibrinogenaemia and hypofibrinogenaemia are rare bleeding disorders characterised by abnormally low levels of functional and immunoreactive fibrinogen in plasma, associated with haemorrhagic manifestations of variable severity. While afibrinogenaemia is caused by mutations in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state in one of the three fibrinogen genes, hypofibrinogenaemia is generally due to heterozygous mutations, and is usually characterised by a milder phenotype. The mutational spectrum of these quantitative fibrinogen disorders includes large deletions, point mutations causing premature termination codons, and missense mutations often affecting fibrinogen assembly and/or secretion. Here we report the clinical and molecular characterisation of 13 unrelated afibrinogenaemic and eight hypofibrinogenaemic patients, leading to the identification of 17 different mutations (10 hitherto unknown). All the newly-identified missense and splicing mutations werein vitro expressed to verify their pathogenic role. Our data increase the number of mutations causing quantitative fibrinogen deficiencies by about 7 %. The high number of private mutations identified in the analysed probands indicates that the full mutational screening of the three fibrinogen genes is still required for molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Duga
- Prof. Stefano Duga, PhD, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Viotti 3/5, 20133 Milan, Italy, Tel.: +39 02 50315823, Fax: +39 02 50315864, E-mail:
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20
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Stikarová J, Blatný J, Kotlín R, Suttnar J, Zapletal O, Pimková K, Májek P, Hrachovinová I, Dyr JE. Novel homozygous fibrinogen Aα chain truncation causes severe afibrinogenemia with life threatening complications in a two-year-old boy. Thromb Res 2013; 132:490-2. [PMID: 24050829 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stikarová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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21
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Characterization of fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2): monomeric FGL2 has enhanced immunosuppressive activity in comparison to oligomeric FGL2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:408-18. [PMID: 23127799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), a novel effector molecule of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), mediates its suppressive activity through binding to low affinity Fcγ receptors expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs). FGL2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, xeno- and allotransplant rejection, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here we fully analyzed the structure-function relationships of recombinant murine FGL2 generated in COS-7 cells and identified the receptor binding domains. Native FGL2 exists as an oligomer with a molecular weight of approximately 260 kDa, while under reducing conditions, FGL2 has a molecular weight of 65 kDa suggesting that native FGL2 is composed of four monomers. By site-directed mutation, cysteines at positions 94, 97, 184 and 187, found in the coiled-coil domain were shown to be crucial for FGL2 oligomerization. Monomeric FGL2 had a lower affinity binding to APCs, but increased immunosuppressive activity compared to oligomeric FGL2. Deglycosylation demonstrated that sugar moieties are critical for maintaining solubility of FGL2. SWISS-MODEL analysis suggested that FGL2 has a similar tertiary structure with other members of the fibrinogen family such as fibrinogen and tachylectin. Mutational analysis of cysteine residues and Western blots suggested an asymmetric bouquet-shaped quaternary structure for oligomeric FGL2, resembling many pattern-recognition molecules in the lectin pathway of innate immunity. The functional motifs of FGL2 were mapped to the C terminal globular domain, using a peptide blockade assay. These results collectively define the biochemical and immunological determinants of FGL2, an important immunosuppressive molecule of Treg providing important insights for designing FGL2-related therapeutics.
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22
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Zauner G, Hoffmann M, Rapp E, Koeleman CAM, Dragan I, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M, Hensbergen PJ. Glycoproteomic Analysis of Human Fibrinogen Reveals Novel Regions of O-Glycosylation. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5804-14. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Zauner
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg,
Germany
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Dragan
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - André M. Deelder
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Hensbergen
- Department
of Parasitology, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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23
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Díaz-Vera J, Camacho M, Machado JD, Domínguez N, Montesinos MS, Hernández-Fernaud JR, Luján R, Borges R. Chromogranins A and B are key proteins in amine accumulation, but the catecholamine secretory pathway is conserved without them. FASEB J 2011; 26:430-8. [PMID: 21990378 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-181941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranins are the main soluble proteins in the large dense core secretory vesicles (LDCVs) found in aminergic neurons and chromaffin cells. We recently demonstrated that chromogranins A and B each regulate the concentration of adrenaline in chromaffin granules and its exocytosis. Here we have further studied the role played by these proteins by generating mice lacking both chromogranins. Surprisingly, these animals are both viable and fertile. Although chromogranins are thought to be essential for their biogenesis, LDCVs were evident in these mice. These vesicles do have a somewhat atypical appearance and larger size. Despite their increased size, single-cell amperometry recordings from chromaffin cells showed that the amine content in these vesicles is reduced by half. These data demonstrate that although chromogranins regulate the amine concentration in LDCVs, they are not completely essential, and other proteins unrelated to neurosecretion, such as fibrinogen, might compensate for their loss to ensure that vesicles are generated and the secretory pathway conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jésica Díaz-Vera
- Unidad de Farmacología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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24
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Hanss M, Pouymayou C, Blouch MT, Lellouche F, Ffrench P, Rousson R, Abgrall JF, Morange PE, Quélin F, de Mazancourt P. The natural occurrence of human fibrinogen variants disrupting inter-chain disulfide bonds (A{alpha}Cys36Gly, A{alpha}Cys36Arg and A{alpha}Cys45Tyr) confirms the role of N-terminal A{alpha} disulfide bonds in protein assembly and secretion. Haematologica 2011; 96:1226-30. [PMID: 21459789 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.029801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of site-directed fibrinogen mutants expressed in several recombinant models have previously shown that both inter- and intra-chain disulfide bonds are critical for fibrinogen assembly and secretion. Four naturally occurring mutations on AαCys36 and AαCys45 residues are reported here to be associated with decreased fibrinogen levels. This confirms the main role of the AαCys36-BβCys65 and AαCys45-γCys23 disulfide bonds in reaching a normal fibrinogen plasma level. Decreased coagulant/antigen ratios indicate abnormal species secretion in heterozygous subjects which varies between individuals. However, in contrast to overexpression in experimental models, disruption of the AαCys36-BβCys65 disulfide bond did not result in the appearance of Aα-Bβ-γ moieties in vivo. A 188 kDa molecule reacting only with anti Aα and anti Bβ chains was found in the plasma of the AαCys45Tyr variant. Heterozygous carriers of Aα chain mutations usually have normal fibrinogen levels, in contrast to the AαCys36Gly, AαCys36Arg and AαCys45Tyr variants that are shown here to cause hypofibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Hanss
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, CBPE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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25
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Association of genomic loci from a cardiovascular gene SNP array with fibrinogen levels in European Americans and African-Americans from six cohort studies: the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe). Blood 2010; 117:268-75. [PMID: 20978265 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-289546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several common genomic loci, involving various immunity- and metabolism-related genes, have been associated with plasma fibrinogen in European Americans (EAs). The genetic determinants of fibrinogen in African Americans (AAs) are poorly characterized. Using a vascular gene-centric array in 23,634 EA and 6657 AA participants from 6 studies comprising the Candidate Gene Association Resource project, we examined the association of 47,539 common and lower frequency variants with fibrinogen concentration. We identified a rare Pro265Leu variant in FGB (rs6054) associated with lower fibrinogen. Common fibrinogen gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (FGB rs1800787 and FGG rs2066861) significantly associated with fibrinogen in EAs were prevalent in AAs and showed consistent associations. Several fibrinogen locus single nucleotide polymorphism associated with lower fibrinogen were exclusive to AAs; these include a newly reported association with FGA rs10050257. For IL6R, IL1RN, and NLRP3 inflammatory gene loci, associations with fibrinogen were concordant between EAs and AAs, but not at other loci (CPS1, PCCB, and SCL22A5-IRF1). The association of FGG rs2066861 with fibrinogen differed according to assay type used to measure fibrinogen. Further characterization of common and lower-frequency genetic variants that contribute to interpopulation differences in fibrinogen phenotype may help refine our understanding of the contribution of hemostasis and inflammation to atherothrombotic risk.
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26
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Haneishi A, Terasawa F, Fujihara N, Yamauchi K, Okumura N, Katsuyama T. Recombinant variant fibrinogens substituted at residues gamma326Cys and gamma339Cys demonstrated markedly impaired secretion of assembled fibrinogen. Thromb Res 2009; 124:368-72. [PMID: 19419756 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the functions of residues gamma326Cys and gamma339Cys in the assembly and/or secretion of fibrinogen, recombinant fibrinogens were synthesized to replicate naturally occurring gamma326Tyr and gamma326Ser variants, along with gamma326Ala and gamma339Ala variants. METHODS A fibrinogen gamma-chain expression vector was altered and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Cell lysates and culture media of the established cell lines were subjected to ELISA and immunoblotting analysis. In addition, pulse-chase analysis was performed. RESULTS The CHO cells synthesized mutant gamma-chains and assembled these into fibrinogen in the cells, although these variant fibrinogens were barely secreted into the culture media. Pulse-chase analysis indicated that the rates of both assembly and secretion of the variant fibrinogens were lower than that of normal fibrinogen. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that the 326-339 intrachain disulfide bond has a crucial role in maintaining the tertiary structure of the C-terminal domain of the gamma-module, which is necessary for fibrinogen assembly and specifically secretion. A combination of the present results and observations from naturally occurring heterozygous cases of gamma326Tyr and gamma326Ser suggest that heterozygous fibrinogen molecules containing variant gamma-chains might be secreted into plasma and show impaired fibrin polymerization, resulting in a phenotype of hypodysfibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Haneishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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27
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Recombinant human fibrinogen expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris was assembled and biologically active. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 59:289-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Vu D, Neerman-Arbez M. Molecular mechanisms accounting for fibrinogen deficiency: from large deletions to intracellular retention of misfolded proteins. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5 Suppl 1:125-31. [PMID: 17635718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen, the soluble precursor of fibrin, which is the main protein constituent of the blood clot, is synthesized in hepatocytes in the form of a hexamer composed of two sets of three polypeptides (Aalpha, Bbeta, and gamma). Each polypeptide is encoded by a distinct gene, FGA, FGB and FGG, all three clustered in a region of 50 kb on 4q32. Congenital afibrinogenemia is characterized by the complete absence of fibrinogen. The first causative mutation for this disease was identified in Geneva in a non-consanguineous Swiss family in 1999: the four patients were homozygous for a large deletion in the fibrinogen cluster, which eliminated almost the entire FGA genomic sequence. Mutations in the fibrinogen genes may lead to deficiency of fibrinogen by several mechanisms: acting at the DNA level, at the RNA level by affecting mRNA splicing or stability, or at the protein level by affecting protein synthesis, assembly or secretion. Recent reviews have provided helpful updates for the rapidly growing number of causative mutations identified in patients with fibrinogen deficiencies, either afibrinogenemia or hypofibrinogenemia. The aim of this review is to highlight specifically the subset of mutations that allow fibrinogen chain synthesis and hexamer assembly but impair secretion. Indeed, functional studies of these mutations have shed light on the specific sequences and structures in the fibrinogen molecule involved in the quality control of fibrinogen secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Vu D, Di Sanza C, Caille D, de Moerloose P, Scheib H, Meda P, Neerman-Arbez M. Quality control of fibrinogen secretion in the molecular pathogenesis of congenital afibrinogenemia. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:3271-80. [PMID: 16195396 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital afibrinogenemia is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by the absence in circulation of fibrinogen, a hexamer composed of two sets of three polypeptides (Aalpha, Bbeta and gamma). Each polypeptide is encoded by a distinct gene, FGA, FGB and FGG, all three clustered in a region of 50 kb on 4q31. A subset of afibrinogenemia mutations has been shown to specifically impair fibrinogen secretion, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remained to be elucidated. Here, we show that truncation of the seven most C-terminal residues (R455-Q461) of the Bbeta chain specifically inhibits fibrinogen secretion. Expression of additional mutants and structural modelling suggests that neither the last six residues nor R455 is crucial per se for secretion, but prevent protein misfolding by protecting hydrophobic residues in the betaC core. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy studies indicate that secretion-impaired mutants are retained in a pre-Golgi compartment. In addition, expression of Bbeta, gamma and angiopoietin-2 chimeric molecules demonstrated that the betaC domain prevents the secretion of single chains and complexes, whereas the gammaC domain allows their secretion. Our data provide new insight into the mechanisms accounting for the quality control of fibrinogen secretion and confirm that mutant fibrinogen retention is one of the pathological mechanisms responsible for congenital afibrinogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Vu
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
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Terasawa F, Fujita K, Okumura N. Residue γ153Cys is essential for the formation of the complexes Aαγ and Bβγ, assembly intermediates for the AαBβγ complex and intact fibrinogen. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 353:157-64. [PMID: 15698603 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Revised: 10/27/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen Matsumoto IV was found in a hypofibrinogenemia caused by a heterozygous missense mutation, i.e., the substitution of the fibrinogen gamma-chain residue Cys153 by Arg. METHODS To examine the precise basis for the fibrinogen deficiency, mixtures of any two vectors, the fibrinogen Aalpha-, Bbeta-, gamma- (153Cys) or gammam-(153Ala) chain were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-Aalpha/gamma, -Aalpha/gammam, -Bbeta/gamma, -Bbeta/gammam). Expression and constitution of each of two chains and their complexes in the individual CHO cell lines were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoblot analysis using polypeptide specific antibodies and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). RESULTS In the CHO-Aalpha/gamma and -Bbeta/gamma, the Aalpha/gamma- or Bbeta/gamma-complex was formed, whereas in the CHO-Aalpha/gammam and -Bbeta/gammam, no Aalpha/gammam- or Bbeta/gammam-complex was observed. These results demonstrate that gamma153Ala cannot assemble with the Aalpha- and Bbeta-chains, leading to impaired fibrinogen assembly and secretion. CONCLUSION gamma153Cys is an essential residue for the fibrinogen assembly which is dependent on Aalpha/gamma- and Bbeta/gamma-complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Terasawa
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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Abstract
Fibrinogen is a large, complex, fibrous glycoprotein with three pairs of polypeptide chains linked together by 29 disulfide bonds. It is 45 nm in length, with globular domains at each end and in the middle connected by alpha-helical coiled-coil rods. Both strongly and weakly bound calcium ions are important for maintenance of fibrinogen's structure and functions. The fibrinopeptides, which are in the central region, are cleaved by thrombin to convert soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin polymer, via intermolecular interactions of the "knobs" exposed by fibrinopeptide removal with "holes" always exposed at the ends of the molecules. Fibrin monomers polymerize via these specific and tightly controlled binding interactions to make half-staggered oligomers that lengthen into protofibrils. The protofibrils aggregate laterally to make fibers, which then branch to yield a three-dimensional network-the fibrin clot-essential for hemostasis. X-ray crystallographic structures of portions of fibrinogen have provided some details on how these interactions occur. Finally, the transglutaminase, Factor XIIIa, covalently binds specific glutamine residues in one fibrin molecule to lysine residues in another via isopeptide bonds, stabilizing the clot against mechanical, chemical, and proteolytic insults. The gene regulation of fibrinogen synthesis and its assembly into multichain complexes proceed via a series of well-defined steps. Alternate splicing of two of the chains yields common variant molecular isoforms. The mechanical properties of clots, which can be quite variable, are essential to fibrin's functions in hemostasis and wound healing. The fibrinolytic system, with the zymogen plasminogen binding to fibrin together with tissue-type plasminogen activator to promote activation to the active enzyme plasmin, results in digestion of fibrin at specific lysine residues. Fibrin(ogen) also specifically binds a variety of other proteins, including fibronectin, albumin, thrombospondin, von Willebrand factor, fibulin, fibroblast growth factor-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-1. Studies of naturally occurring dysfibrinogenemias and variant molecules have increased our understanding of fibrinogen's functions. Fibrinogen binds to activated alphaIIbbeta3 integrin on the platelet surface, forming bridges responsible for platelet aggregation in hemostasis, and also has important adhesive and inflammatory functions through specific interactions with other cells. Fibrinogen-like domains originated early in evolution, and it is likely that their specific and tightly controlled intermolecular interactions are involved in other aspects of cellular function and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058, USA
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Okumura N, Terasawa F, Tanaka H, Hirota M, Ota H, Kitano K, Kiyosawa K, Lord ST. Analysis of fibrinogen gamma-chain truncations shows the C-terminus, particularly gammaIle387, is essential for assembly and secretion of this multichain protein. Blood 2002; 99:3654-60. [PMID: 11986220 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.10.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of the fibrinogen gamma chain in the assembly and secretion of this multichain protein, we synthesized a series of fibrinogen variants with truncated gamma chains, terminating between residues gamma379 and the C-terminus, gamma411. The variant fibrinogens were synthesized from altered gamma-chain complementary DNAs in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. Immunoassays of the culture media demonstrated that only those variants with gamma chain longer than 386 residues were secreted and that the concentration of fibrinogen decreased with the length of the gamma chain, from 1.4 microg/mL for normal fibrinogen to 0.39 microg/mL for gamma 387 fibrinogen. Immunoassays of cell lysates showed that all variant gamma chains were synthesized, although the levels varied significantly. For variants longer than 386 residues, levels decreased with length but remained near normal. In contrast, expression of the 4 variants with 386 residues or less was about 20-fold reduced. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the gamma-chain messenger RNA level was independent from chain length. Western blot analyses showed that lysates expressing variants with 387 residues or more contained species comparable to the known intermediates in fibrinogen assembly, including half-molecules. For shorter variants, these intermediates were not evident. We conclude that residues near the C-terminus of the gamma chain are essential for fibrinogen assembly, and more specifically, that gamma387 is critical. We propose that the loss of residue gamma387 destabilized the structure of gamma chain, preventing assembly of alphagamma and betagamma dimers, essential intermediates in the assembly of normal fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Okumura
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shinshu University, the Second Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
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Homozygous truncation of the fibrinogen Aα chain within the coiled coil causes congenital afibrinogenemia. Blood 2000. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v96.2.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe molecular basis of a novel congenital afibrinogenemia has been determined. The proposita, the only affected member in a consanguineous Norwegian family, suffers from a moderate to severe bleeding disorder due to the total absence of any detectable fibrinogen. Dot blots of solubilized platelets revealed a small amount of γ chain but no A or Bβ chains, whereas no chains were detected in plasma dot blots. DNA sequencing of the A chain gene revealed a homozygous C→T transversion 557 nucleotides from the transcription initiation site. This nucleotide change predicts the nonsense mutation A 149 Arg (CGA)→stop (TGA). Early truncation of the A chain appears to result in defective assembly or secretion of fibrinogen, probably due to the removal of the C-terminal disulfide ring residues that are critically required for the formation of a stable 3-chained half molecule.
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Abstract
The molecular basis of a novel congenital afibrinogenemia has been determined. The proposita, the only affected member in a consanguineous Norwegian family, suffers from a moderate to severe bleeding disorder due to the total absence of any detectable fibrinogen. Dot blots of solubilized platelets revealed a small amount of γ chain but no A or Bβ chains, whereas no chains were detected in plasma dot blots. DNA sequencing of the A chain gene revealed a homozygous C→T transversion 557 nucleotides from the transcription initiation site. This nucleotide change predicts the nonsense mutation A 149 Arg (CGA)→stop (TGA). Early truncation of the A chain appears to result in defective assembly or secretion of fibrinogen, probably due to the removal of the C-terminal disulfide ring residues that are critically required for the formation of a stable 3-chained half molecule.
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A review of the expression, assembly, secretion and intracellular degradation of fibrinogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1054/fipr.2000.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Formation of the Human Fibrinogen Subclass Fib420: Disulfide Bonds and Glycosylation in Its Unique (EChain) Domains. Blood 1998. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v92.9.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCOS cell transfection has been used to monitor the assembly and secretion of fibrinogen molecules, both those of the subclass containing the novel E chain and those of the more abundant subclass whose chains lack E’s globular C-terminus. That region, referred to as the EC domain, is closely related to the ends of β and γ chains of fibrinogen (βC and γC). Transfection of COS cells with E, β, and γ cDNAs alone results in secretion of the symmetrical molecule (Eβγ)2, also known as Fib420. Cotransfection with cDNA for the shorter chain yielded secretion of both (βγ)2 and (Eβγ)2 but no mixed molecules of the structure E(βγ)2. Exploiting the COS cells’ fidelity with regard to Fib420 production, identification was made of the highly conserved Asn667 as the sole site of N-linked glycosylation in the E chain. No evidence from Cys → Ser replacements was found for interchain disulfide bridges involving the four cysteines of the EC domain. However, for fibrinogen secretion, the E, β, and γ subunits do exhibit different requirements for integrity of the two intradomain disulfide bridges located at homologous positions in their respective C-termini, indicating dissimilar structural roles in the process of fibrinogen assembly.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Formation of the Human Fibrinogen Subclass Fib420: Disulfide Bonds and Glycosylation in Its Unique (EChain) Domains. Blood 1998. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v92.9.3302.421k48_3302_3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COS cell transfection has been used to monitor the assembly and secretion of fibrinogen molecules, both those of the subclass containing the novel E chain and those of the more abundant subclass whose chains lack E’s globular C-terminus. That region, referred to as the EC domain, is closely related to the ends of β and γ chains of fibrinogen (βC and γC). Transfection of COS cells with E, β, and γ cDNAs alone results in secretion of the symmetrical molecule (Eβγ)2, also known as Fib420. Cotransfection with cDNA for the shorter chain yielded secretion of both (βγ)2 and (Eβγ)2 but no mixed molecules of the structure E(βγ)2. Exploiting the COS cells’ fidelity with regard to Fib420 production, identification was made of the highly conserved Asn667 as the sole site of N-linked glycosylation in the E chain. No evidence from Cys → Ser replacements was found for interchain disulfide bridges involving the four cysteines of the EC domain. However, for fibrinogen secretion, the E, β, and γ subunits do exhibit different requirements for integrity of the two intradomain disulfide bridges located at homologous positions in their respective C-termini, indicating dissimilar structural roles in the process of fibrinogen assembly.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Luczak JA, Redick SD, Schwarzbauer JE. A single cysteine, Cys-64, is essential for assembly of tenascin-C hexabrachions. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:2073-7. [PMID: 9442046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C is a large, multimeric extracellular matrix protein that is found in a variety of tissues and can have profound effects on cell adhesion. It is secreted from cells as a hexamer of six identical chains called a hexabrachion. Disulfide bonding among tenascin subunits mediates intracellular assembly into hexamers. The amino-terminal assembly domain consists of heptad repeats and at least six cysteine residues (Cys-64, -111, -113, -140, -146, -147) that could be involved in multimerization. We have now determined the requirements for these cysteine residues during hexamer assembly. Our results show that only Cys-64 is required to form the hexameric structure. Mutation of Cys-64 to glycine resulted in release of trimer intermediates, which probably form via the heptad repeats, but no hexamers were secreted. In contrast, individual or pairs of mutations of each of the other cysteines had no effect on tenascin hexamer formation, and inclusion of any other cysteine mutations along with C64G did not further disrupt the multimer pattern. However, when all six cysteines were mutated, monomers were the major extracellular form. Together, these results show that trimers are an intermediate of tenascin-C assembly and that Cys-64 is essential for formation of hexabrachions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Luczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA
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Handley DA, Hughes TE. Pharmacological approaches and strategies for therapeutic modulation of fibrinogen. Thromb Res 1997; 87:1-36. [PMID: 9253797 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(97)00091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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