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Waheed S, Ramzan K, Ahmad S, Khan MS, Wajid M, Ullah H, Umar A, Iqbal R, Ullah R, Bari A. Identification and In-Silico study of non-synonymous functional SNPs in the human SCN9A gene. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297367. [PMID: 38394191 PMCID: PMC10889873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are the most common form of DNA alterations at the level of a single nucleotide in the genomic sequence. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were carried to identify potential risk genes or genomic regions by screening for SNPs associated with disease. Recent studies have shown that SCN9A comprises the NaV1.7 subunit, Na+ channels have a gene encoding of 1988 amino acids arranged into 4 domains, all with 6 transmembrane regions, and are mainly found in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and sympathetic ganglion neurons. Multiple forms of acute hypersensitivity conditions, such as primary erythermalgia, congenital analgesia, and paroxysmal pain syndrome have been linked to polymorphisms in the SCN9A gene. Under this study, we utilized a variety of computational tools to explore out nsSNPs that are potentially damaging to heath by modifying the structure or activity of the SCN9A protein. Over 14 potentially damaging and disease-causing nsSNPs (E1889D, L1802P, F1782V, D1778N, C1370Y, V1311M, Y1248H, F1237L, M936V, I929T, V877E, D743Y, C710W, D623H) were identified by a variety of algorithms, including SNPnexus, SNAP-2, PANTHER, PhD-SNP, SNP & GO, I-Mutant, and ConSurf. Homology modeling, structure validation, and protein-ligand interactions also were performed to confirm 5 notable substitutions (L1802P, F1782V, D1778N, V1311M, and M936V). Such nsSNPs may become the center of further studies into a variety of disorders brought by SCN9A dysfunction. Using in-silico strategies for assessing SCN9A genetic variations will aid in organizing large-scale investigations and developing targeted therapeutics for disorders linked to these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Waheed
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Kainat Ramzan
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Biochemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmad
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Khan
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Ali Umar
- Faculty of Life Science, Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Karimi SA, Zahra FT, Martin LJ. IUPHAR review: Navigating the role of preclinical models in pain research. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107073. [PMID: 38232910 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex and challenging medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain is a key goal of preclinical pain research so that more effective treatment strategies can be developed. In this review, we explore nociception, pain, and the multifaceted factors that lead to chronic pain by focusing on preclinical models. We provide a detailed look into inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and discuss the most used animal models for studying the mechanisms behind these conditions. Additionally, we emphasize the vital role of these preclinical models in developing new pain-relief drugs, focusing on biologics and the therapeutic potential of NMDA and cannabinoid receptor antagonists. We also discuss the challenges of TRPV1 modulation for pain treatment, the clinical failures of neurokinin (NK)- 1 receptor antagonists, and the partial success story of Ziconotide to provide valuable lessons for preclinical pain models. Finally, we highlight the overall success and limitations of current treatments for chronic pain while providing critical insights into the development of more effective therapies to alleviate the burden of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Fatama Tuz Zahra
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Loren J Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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3
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Tan ZY, Wu B, Su X, Zhou Y, Ji YH. Differential expression of slow and fast-repriming tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1336664. [PMID: 38273939 PMCID: PMC10808659 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1336664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium channel Nav1.7 triggers the generation of nociceptive action potentials and is important in sending pain signals under physiological and pathological conditions. However, studying endogenous Nav1.7 currents has been confounded by co-expression of multiple sodium channel isoforms in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In the current study, slow-repriming (SR) and fast-repriming (FR) tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) currents were dissected electrophysiologically in small DRG neurons of both rats and mice. Three subgroups of small DRG neurons were identified based on the expression pattern of SR and FR TTX-S currents. A majority of rat neurons only expressed SR TTX-S currents, while a majority of mouse neurons expressed additional FR TTX-S currents. ProTx-II inhibited SR TTX-S currents with variable efficacy among DRG neurons. The expression of both types of TTX-S currents was higher in Isolectin B4-negative (IB4-) compared to Isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) neurons. Paclitaxel selectively increased SR TTX-S currents in IB4- neurons. In simulation experiments, the Nav1.7-expressing small DRG neuron displayed lower rheobase and higher frequency of action potentials upon threshold current injections compared to Nav1.6. The results suggested a successful dissection of endogenous Nav1.7 currents through electrophysiological manipulation that may provide a useful way to study the functional expression and pharmacology of endogenous Nav1.7 channels in DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei University School of Basic Medicine, Baoding, China
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bin Wu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Institute of Special Environment Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolin Su
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University School of Basic Medicine, Baoding, China
| | - Yong-Hua Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University School of Basic Medicine, Baoding, China
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4
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Hernández-Gil J, Chow CY, Chatras H, de Souza França PD, Samuels ZV, Cornejo M, King GF, Lewis JS, Reiner T, Gonzales J. Development and Validation of Nerve-Targeted Bacteriochlorin Sensors. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14276-14287. [PMID: 37339504 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
We report an innovative approach to producing bacteriochlorins (bacs) via formal cycloaddition by subjecting a porphyrin to a trimolecular reaction. Bacs are near-infrared probes with the intrinsic ability to serve in multimodal imaging. However, despite their ability to fluoresce and chelate metal ions, existing bacs have thus offered limited ability to label biomolecules for target specificity or have lacked chemical purity, limiting their use in bio-imaging. In this work, bacs allowed a precise and controlled appending of clickable linkers, lending the porphyrinoids substantially more chemical stability, clickability, and solubility, rendering them more suitable for preclinical investigation. Our bac probes enable the targeted use of biomolecules in fluorescence imaging and Cerenkov luminescence for guided intraoperative imaging. Bacs' capacity for chelation provides opportunities for use in non-invasive positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Herein, we report the labeling of bacs with Hs1a, a (NaV1.7)-sodium-channel-binding peptide derived from the Chinese tarantula Cyriopagopus schmidti to yield Bac-Hs1a and radiolabeled Hs1a, which shuttles our bac sensor(s) to mouse nerves. In vivo, the bac sensor allowed us to observe high signal-to-background ratios in the nerves of animals injected with fluorescent Bac-Hs1a and radiolabeled Hs1a in all imaging modes. This study demonstrates that Bac-Hs1a and [64Cu]Cu-Bac-Hs1a accumulate in peripheral nerves, providing contrast and utility in the preclinical space. For the chemistry and bio-imaging fields, this study represents an exciting starting point for the modular manipulation of bacs, their development and use as probes for diagnosis, and their deployment as formidable multiplex nerve-imaging agents for use in routine imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Gil
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, B3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia E-46022, Spain
| | - Chun Yuen Chow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hugo Chatras
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2153 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Paula Demétrio de Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04020-041, Brazil
| | - Zachary V Samuels
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Mike Cornejo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Junior Gonzales
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, 2153 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, 2153 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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5
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Hashimoto M, Takahashi K, Ohta T. Inhibitory effects of linalool, an essential oil component of lavender, on nociceptive TRPA1 and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in mouse sensory neurons. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101468. [PMID: 37102121 PMCID: PMC10123348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Linalool, an essential oil component of lavender is commonly used in fragrances. It is known that linalool has anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic actions. However, the mechanism of its analgesic action has not yet been fully clarified. Pain signals elicited by the activation of nociceptors on peripheral neurons are transmitted to the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of linalool on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and voltage-gated channels, both of which are important for pain signaling via nociceptors in somatosensory neurons. For detection of channel activity, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was measured using a Ca2+-imaging system, and membrane currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Analgesic actions were also examined in vivo. In mouse sensory neurons linalool at concentrations that did not induce [Ca2+]i increases did not affect [Ca2+]i responses to capsaicin and acids, TRPV1 agonists, but suppressed those induced by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and carvacrol, TRPA1 agonists. Similar inhibitory effects of linalool were observed in cells that heterologously expressed TRPA1. Linalool attenuated the [Ca2+]i increases induced by KCl and voltage-gated Ca2+ currents but only slightly suppressed voltage-gated Na+currents in mouse sensory neurons. Linalool diminished TRPA1-mediated nociceptive behaviors. The present data suggest that linalool exerts an analgesic action via the suppression of nociceptive TRPA1 and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Hashimoto
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohta
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.
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6
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Fu Y, Sun L, Zhu F, Xia W, Wen T, Xia R, Yu X, Xu D, Peng C. Ectopic expression of Nav1.7 in spinal dorsal horn neurons induced by NGF contributes to neuropathic pain in a mouse spinal cord injury model. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1091096. [PMID: 36937049 PMCID: PMC10020601 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1091096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes long-term disturbance for patients, but the mechanisms behind remains unclear. Here, our study showed SCI-induced ectopic expression of Nav1.7 in abundant neurons located in deep and superficial laminae layers of the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) and upregulation of Nav1.7 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in mice. Pharmacologic studies demonstrated that the efficacy of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeable Nav1.7 inhibitor GNE-0439 for attenuation of NP in SCI mice was significantly better than that of the BBB non-permeable Nav1.7 inhibitor PF-05089771. Moreover, more than 20% of Nav1.7-expressing SDH neurons in SCI mice were activated to express FOS when there were no external stimuli, suggesting that the ectopic expression of Nav1.7 made SDH neurons hypersensitive and Nav1.7-expressing SDH neurons participated in central sensitization and in spontaneous pain and/or walking-evoked mechanical pain. Further investigation showed that NGF, a strong activator of Nav1.7 expression, and its downstream JUN were upregulated after SCI in SDH neurons with similar distribution patterns and in DRG neurons too. In conclusion, our findings showed that the upregulation of Nav1.7 was induced by SCI in both SDH and DRG neurons through increased expression of NGF/JUN, and the inhibition of Nav1.7 in both peripheral and spinal neurons alleviated mechanical pain in SCI mice. These data suggest that BBB permeable Nav1.7 blockers might relieve NP in patients with SCI and that blocking the upregulation of Nav1.7 in the early stage of SCI via selective inhibition of the downstream signaling pathways of NGF or Nav1.7-targeted RNA drugs could be a strategy for therapy of SCI-induced NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Sun
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengting Zhu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Pre-clinical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wen
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilong Xia
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Pre-clinical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changgeng Peng, ; Dan Xu,
| | - Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovation Research Center, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changgeng Peng, ; Dan Xu,
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7
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Zeidler M, Kummer KK, Kress M. Towards bridging the translational gap by improved modeling of human nociception in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:965-978. [PMID: 35655042 PMCID: PMC9393146 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies which have explored the pathogenesis of pain disorders in preclinical models, there is a pronounced translational gap, which is at least partially caused by differences between the human and rodent nociceptive system. An elegant way to bridge this divide is the exploitation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming into human iPSC-derived nociceptors (iDNs). Several protocols were developed and optimized to model nociceptive processes in health and disease. Here we provide an overview of the different approaches and summarize the knowledge obtained from such models on pain pathologies associated with monogenetic sensory disorders so far. In addition, novel perspectives offered by increasing the complexity of the model systems further to better reflect the natural environment of nociceptive neurons by involving other cell types in 3D model systems are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Zeidler
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai K Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Braden K, Stratton HJ, Salvemini D, Khanna R. Small molecule targeting NaV1.7 via inhibition of the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction reduces and prevents pain chronification in a mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 11:100082. [PMID: 35024498 PMCID: PMC8733339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2021.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with anti-neoplastic agents can lead to the development of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which is long lasting and often refractory to treatment. This neuropathic pain develops along dermatomes innervated by peripheral nerves with cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is expressed at high levels in peripheral nerve tissues and has been implicated in the development of CIPN. Efforts to develop novel analgesics directly inhibiting NaV1.7 have been unsuccessful, and our group has pioneered an alternative approach based on indirect modulation of channel trafficking by the accessory protein collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). We have recently reported a small molecule, compound 194, that inhibits CRMP2 SUMOylation by the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 (Cai et al. , Sci. Transl. Med. 2021 13(6 1 9):eabh1314). Compound 194 is a potent and selective inhibitor of NaV1.7 currents in DRG neurons and reverses mechanical allodynia in models of surgical, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain, including spared nerve injury and paclitaxelinduced peripheral neuropathy. Here we report that, in addition to its reported effects in rats, 194 also reduces mechanical allodynia in male CD-1 mice treated with platinumcomplex agent oxaliplatin. Importantly, treatment with 194 prevented the development of mechanical allodynia when co-administered with oxaliplatin. No effects were observed on the body weight of animals treated with oxaliplatin or 194 throughout the study period. These findings support the notion that 194 is a robust inhibitor of CIPN that reduces established neuropathic pain and prevents the emergence of neuropathic pain during treatment with multiple anti-neoplastic agents in both mice and rats.
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Key Words
- CIPN, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CRMP2
- CRMP2, collapsin response mediator protein 2
- Chemotherapy
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- NaV1.7
- NaV1.7, voltage-gated sodium channel family 1 isoform 7
- Neuropathy
- Oxaliplatin
- PWT, paw withdrawal threshold
- SNI, spared nerve injury
- SUMO, smallubiquitin like modifier
- SUMOylation
- TTX, tetrodotoxin
- TTX-R, tetrodotoxin-resistant
- TTX-S, tetrodotoxin-sensitive
- Ubc9, E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme
- t-CSM, tat-CRMP2 SUMOylation motif
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Braden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Harrison J. Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Kwon M, Jung IY, Cha M, Lee BH. Inhibition of the Nav1.7 Channel in the Trigeminal Ganglion Relieves Pulpitis Inflammatory Pain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759730. [PMID: 34955831 PMCID: PMC8694709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpitis causes significant changes in the peripheral nervous system, which induce hyperalgesia. However, the relationship between neuronal activity and Nav1.7 expression following pulpal noxious pain has not yet been investigated in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). The aim of our study was to verify whether experimentally induced pulpitis activates the expression of Nav1.7 peripherally and the neuronal activities of the TGs can be affected by Nav1.7 channel inhibition. Acute pulpitis was induced through allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) application to the rat maxillary molar tooth pulp. Three days after AITC application, abnormal pain behaviors were recorded, and the rats were euthanized to allow for immunohistochemical, optical imaging, and western blot analyses of the Nav1.7 expression in the TG. A significant increase in AITC-induced pain-like behaviors and histological evidence of pulpitis were observed. In addition, histological and western blot data showed that Nav1.7 expressions in the TGs were significantly higher in the AITC group than in the naive and saline group rats. Optical imaging showed that the AITC group showed higher neuronal activity after electrical stimulation of the TGs. Additionally, treatment of ProTxII, selective Nav1.7 blocker, on to the TGs in the AITC group effectively suppressed the hyperpolarized activity after electrical stimulation. These findings indicate that the inhibition of the Nav1.7 channel could modulate nociceptive signal processing in the TG following pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kwon
- Department of Nursing, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Il Young Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Goodwin G, McMahon SB. The physiological function of different voltage-gated sodium channels in pain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:263-274. [PMID: 33782571 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from human genetic pain disorders shows that voltage-gated sodium channel α-subtypes Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 are important in the peripheral signalling of pain. Nav1.7 is of particular interest because individuals with Nav1.7 loss-of-function mutations are congenitally insensitive to acute and chronic pain, and there is considerable hope that phenocopying these effects with a pharmacological antagonist will produce a new class of analgesic drug. However, studies in these rare individuals do not reveal how and where voltage-gated sodium channels contribute to pain signalling, which is of critical importance for drug development. More than a decade of research utilizing rodent genetic models and pharmacological tools to study voltage-gated sodium channels in pain has begun to unravel the role of different subtypes. Here, we review the contribution of individual channel subtypes in three key physiological processes necessary for transmission of sensory information to the CNS: transduction of stimuli at peripheral nerve terminals, axonal transmission of action potentials and neurotransmitter release from central terminals. These data suggest that drugs seeking to recapitulate the analgesic effects of loss of function of Nav1.7 will need to be brain-penetrant - which most of those developed to date are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Goodwin
- Pain and Neurorestoration Group, King's College London, London, UK.
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Xu Y, Yu Y, Wang Q, Li W, Zhang S, Liao X, Liu Y, Su Y, Zhao M, Zhang J. Active components of Bupleurum chinense and Angelica biserrata showed analgesic effects in formalin induced pain by acting on Nav1.7. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113736. [PMID: 33359917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, often accompanied by the occurrence of a variety of diseases. More than 800 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) has now been reported for pain relief and several monomers have been developed into novel analgesic drugs. Bupleurum chinense and Angelica biserrata were representatives of the TCM that are currently available for the treatment of pain. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to detect the potential analgesic activity of each monomer of Bupleurum chinense and Angelica biserrata and to explore whether Nav1.7 is one of the targets for its analgesic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, five monomers from Bupleurum chinense (Saikosaponin A, Saikosaponin B1, Saikosaponin B2, Saikosaponin C, Saikosaponin D) and five monomers from the Angelica biserrata (Osthole, Xanthotoxin, Imperatorin, Isoimperatorin, Psoralen) were examined by whole-cell patch-clamp on Nav1.7, which was closely associated with pain. Classical mouse pain models were also used to further verify the analgesic activity in vivo. RESULTS The results showed that monomers of Saikosaponins and Angelica biserrata all inhibited the peak currents of Nav1.7, indicating that Nav1.7 might be involved in the analgesic mechanism of Saikosaponins and Angelica biserrata. Among them, Saikosaponin A and Imperatorin showed the strongest inhibitory effect on Nav1.7. Furthermore, both Saikosaponin A and Imperatorin showed inhibitory effects on thermal pain and formalin-induced pain in phase II in vivo. CONCLUSION The results provide valuable information for future studies on the potential of TCM in alleviating pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Suli Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liao
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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12
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Xu Y, Sun J, Yu Y, Kong X, Meng X, Liu Y, Cui Y, Su Y, Zhao M, Zhang J. Trp: a conserved aromatic residue crucial to the interaction of a scorpion peptide with sodium channels. J Biochem 2020; 168:633-641. [PMID: 32730584 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumour-analgesic peptide (AGAP), one scorpion toxin purified from Buthus martensii Karsch, was known as its analgesic and anti-tumour activities. Trp38, a conserved aromatic residue of AGAP, might play important roles in its interaction with sodium channels. In this study, a mutant W38F was generated and effects of W38F were examined on hNav1.4, hNav1.5 and hNav1.7 by using whole-cell patch-clamp, which were closely associated to the biotoxicity of skeletal and cardiac muscles and pain signalling. The data showed that W38F decreased the inhibition effects of peak currents of hNav1.7, hNav1.4 and hNav1.5 compared with AGAP, notably, W38F reduced the analgesic activity compared with AGAP. The results suggested that Trp38 be a crucial amino acid involved in the interaction with these three sodium channels. The decreased analgesic activity of W38F might result from its much less inhibition of hNav1.7. These findings provided more information about the relationship between structure and function of AGAP and may facilitate the modification of other scorpion toxins with pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jianfang Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 195 Chuangxin road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiaohua Kong
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiangxue Meng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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13
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Alsaloum M, Higerd GP, Effraim PR, Waxman SG. Status of peripheral sodium channel blockers for non-addictive pain treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:689-705. [PMID: 33110213 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effective and safe treatment of pain is an unmet health-care need. Current medications used for pain management are often only partially effective, carry dose-limiting adverse effects and are potentially addictive, highlighting the need for improved therapeutic agents. Most common pain conditions originate in the periphery, where dorsal root ganglion and trigeminal ganglion neurons feed pain information into the CNS. Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels drive neuronal excitability and three subtypes - NaV1.7, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 - are preferentially expressed in the peripheral nervous system, suggesting that their inhibition might treat pain while avoiding central and cardiac adverse effects. Genetic and functional studies of human pain disorders have identified NaV1.7, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 as mediators of pain and validated them as targets for pain treatment. Consequently, multiple NaV1.7-specific and NaV1.8-specific blockers have undergone clinical trials, with others in preclinical development, and the targeting of NaV1.9, although hampered by technical constraints, might also be moving ahead. In this Review, we summarize the clinical and preclinical literature describing compounds that target peripheral NaV channels and discuss the challenges and future prospects for the field. Although the potential of peripheral NaV channel inhibition for the treatment of pain has yet to be realized, this remains a promising strategy to achieve non-addictive analgesia for multiple pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alsaloum
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grant P Higerd
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip R Effraim
- Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA. .,Center for Rehabilitation Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Adachi K, Yamada T, Ishizuka H, Oki M, Tsunogae S, Shimada N, Chiba O, Orihara T, Hidaka M, Hirokawa T, Odagi M, Konoki K, Yotsu‐Yamashita M, Nagasawa K. Synthesis of C12‐Keto Saxitoxin Derivatives with Unusual Inhibitory Activity Against Voltage‐Gated Sodium Channels. Chemistry 2020; 26:2025-2033. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Tomoshi Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Hayate Ishizuka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Mana Oki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tsunogae
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Noriko Shimada
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Osamu Chiba
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Orihara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Masafumi Hidaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Takatsugu Hirokawa
- Transborder Medical Research Center University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba 305-8575 Japan
- Division of Biomedical Science University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba 305-8575 Japan
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ward Tokyo 135-0064 Japan
| | - Minami Odagi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Keiichi Konoki
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu‐Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agriculture Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of Technology Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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15
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Zhou Y, Xia C, Yin M, Wang X, Wu H, Ji Y. Distribution and Functional Characteristics of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Immature Cochlear Hair Cells. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:49-65. [PMID: 31388930 PMCID: PMC6940418 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are transiently expressed in cochlear hair cells before hearing onset and play an indispensable role in shaping spontaneous activity. In this study, we showed that Na+ currents shaped the spontaneous action potentials in developing mouse inner hair cells (IHCs) by decreasing the time required for the membrane potential to reach the action-potential threshold. In immature IHCs, we identified 9 known VGSC subtypes (Nav1.1α-1.9α), among which Nav1.7α was the most highly expressed subtype and the main contributor to Na+ currents in developing hair cells. Electrophysiological recordings of two cochlea-specific Nav1.7 variants (CbmNav1.7a and CbmNav1.7b) revealed a novel loss-of-function mutation (C934R) at the extracellular linker between segments 5 and 6 of domain II. In addition, post-transcriptional modification events, such as alternative splicing and RNA editing, amended the gating properties and kinetic features of CbmNav1.7a(C934). These results provide molecular and functional characteristics of VGSCs in mammalian IHCs and their contributions to spontaneous physiological activity during cochlear maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Chenchen Xia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Manli Yin
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200125, China.
| | - Yonghua Ji
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Translational Institute for Cancer Pain, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, 202150, China.
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16
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Synthetic Approaches to Zetekitoxin AB, a Potent Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibitor. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010024. [PMID: 31888062 PMCID: PMC7024329 DOI: 10.3390/md18010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are membrane proteins that are involved in the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons. Recently, the structure of a complex made of a tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-s) NaV subtype with saxitoxin (STX), a shellfish toxin, was determined. STX potently inhibits TTX-s NaV, and is used as a biological tool to investigate the function of NaVs. More than 50 analogs of STX have been isolated from nature. Among them, zetekitoxin AB (ZTX) has a distinctive chemical structure, and is the most potent inhibitor of NaVs, including tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-r) NaV. Despite intensive synthetic studies, total synthesis of ZTX has not yet been achieved. Here, we review recent efforts directed toward the total synthesis of ZTX, including syntheses of 11-saxitoxinethanoic acid (SEA), which is considered a useful synthetic model for ZTX, since it contains a key carbon-carbon bond at the C11 position.
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17
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Coates MD, Kim JS, Carkaci-Salli N, Vrana KE, Koltun WA, Puhl HL, Adhikary SD, Janicki PK, Ruiz-Velasco V. Impact of the Na V1.8 variant, A1073V, on post-sigmoidectomy pain and electrophysiological function in rat sympathetic neurons. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:2591-2600. [PMID: 31642403 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00542.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NaV1.8 channels play a crucial role in regulating the action potential in nociceptive neurons. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human NaV1.8 gene SCN10A, A1073V (rs6795970, G>A), has been linked to the diminution of mechanical pain sensation as well as cardiac conduction abnormalities. Furthermore, studies have suggested that this polymorphism may result in a "loss-of-function" phenotype. In the present study, we performed genomic analysis of A1073V polymorphism presence in a cohort of patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy who provided information regarding perioperative pain and analgesic use. Homozygous carriers reported significantly reduced severity in postoperative abdominal pain compared with heterozygous and wild-type carriers. Homozygotes also trended toward using less analgesic/opiates during the postoperative period. We also heterologously expressed the wild-type and A1073V variant in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons. Electrophysiological testing demonstrated that the mutant NaV1.8 channels activated at more depolarized potentials compared with wild-type channels. Our study revealed that postoperative abdominal pain is diminished in homozygous carriers of A1073V and that this is likely due to reduced transmission of action potentials in nociceptive neurons. Our findings reinforce the importance of NaV1.8 and the A1073V polymorphism to pain perception. This information could be used to develop new predictive tools to optimize patient pain experience and analgesic use in the perioperative setting.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present evidence that in a cohort of patients undergoing sigmoid colectomy, those homozygous for the NaV1.8 polymorphism (rs6795970) reported significantly lower abdominal pain scores than individuals with the homozygous wild-type or heterozygous genotype. In vitro electrophysiological recordings also suggest that the mutant NaV1.8 channel activates at more depolarizing potentials than the wild-type Na+ channel, characteristic of hypoactivity. This is the first report linking the rs6795970 mutation with postoperative abdominal pain in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Coates
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joyce S Kim
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nurgul Carkaci-Salli
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Kent E Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter A Koltun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Henry L Puhl
- Section on Transmitter Signaling, Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanjib D Adhikary
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Piotr K Janicki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor Ruiz-Velasco
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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18
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Gonzales J, Demetrio de Souza Franca P, Jiang Y, Pirovano G, Kossatz S, Guru N, Yarilin D, Agwa AJ, Schroeder CI, Patel SG, Ganly I, King GF, Reiner T. Fluorescence Imaging of Peripheral Nerves by a Na v1.7-Targeted Inhibitor Cystine Knot Peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2879-2888. [PMID: 31647222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty million Americans suffer from peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma and medical disorders, resulting in a broad spectrum of potentially debilitating side effects. In one out of four cases, patients identify surgery as the root cause of their nerve injury. Particularly during tumor resections or after traumatic injuries, tissue distortion and poor visibility can challenge a surgeon's ability to precisely locate and preserve peripheral nerves. Intuitively, surgical outcomes would improve tremendously if nerves could be highlighted using an exogeneous contrast agent. In clinical practice, however, the current standard of care-visual examination and palpation-remains unchanged. To address this unmet clinical need, we explored the expression of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 as an intraoperative marker for the peripheral nervous system. We show that expression of Nav1.7 is high in peripheral nerves harvested from both human and mouse tissue. We further show that modification of a Nav1.7-selective peptide, Hsp1a, can serve as a targeted vector for delivering a fluorescent sensor to the peripheral nervous system. Ex vivo, we observe a high signal-to-noise ratio for fluorescently labeled Hsp1a in both histologically prepared and fresh tissue. Using a surgical fluorescent microscope, we show in a simulated clinical scenario that the identification of mouse sciatic nerves is possible, suggesting that fluorescently labeled Hsp1a tracers could be used to discriminate nerves from their surrounding tissues in a routine clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Jiang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Akello J Agwa
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Christina I Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | | | | | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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19
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Ma RSY, Kayani K, Whyte-Oshodi D, Whyte-Oshodi A, Nachiappan N, Gnanarajah S, Mohammed R. Voltage gated sodium channels as therapeutic targets for chronic pain. J Pain Res 2019; 12:2709-2722. [PMID: 31564962 PMCID: PMC6743634 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s207610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Being maladaptive and frequently unresponsive to pharmacotherapy, chronic pain presents a major unmet clinical need. While an intact central nervous system is required for conscious pain perception, nociceptor hyperexcitability induced by nerve injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is sufficient and necessary to initiate and maintain neuropathic pain. The genesis and propagation of action potentials is dependent on voltage-gated sodium channels, in particular, Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9. However, nerve injury triggers changes in their distribution, expression and/or biophysical properties, leading to aberrant excitability. Most existing treatment for pain relief acts through non-selective, state-dependent sodium channel blockage and have narrow therapeutic windows. Natural toxins and developing subtype-specific and molecular-specific sodium channel blockers show promise for treatment of neuropathic pain with minimal side effects. New approaches to analgesia include combination therapy and gene therapy. Here, we review how individual sodium channel subtypes contribute to pain, and the attempts made to develop more effective analgesics for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Siu Yu Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kayani Kayani
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Raihan Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Zhou Y, Pan P, Tan ZY, Ji YH. Voltage-gated Sodium Channels in Sensory Information Processing. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:273-278. [DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180627114849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective & Background:
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and potassium channels
are critical in the generation of action potentials in the nervous system. VGSCs and potassium
channels play important roles in the five fundamental senses of vision, audition, olfaction, taste and
touch. Dysfunctional VGSCs are associated with clinical sensory symptoms, such as hyperpselaphesia,
parosphresia, and so on.
Conclusion:
This short review highlights the recent advances in the study of VGSCs in sensory information
processing and discusses the potential role of VGSCs to serve as pharmacological targets for
the treatment of sensory system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ping Pan
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Yong-Hua Ji
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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21
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Bisphenol A Regulates Sodium Ramp Currents in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Increases Nociception. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10306. [PMID: 31312012 PMCID: PMC6635372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-Estradiol mediates the sensitivity to pain and is involved in sex differences in nociception. The widespread environmental disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) has estrogenic activity, but its implications in pain are mostly unknown. Here we show that treatment of male mice with BPA (50 µg/kg/day) during 8 days, decreases the latency to pain behavior in response to heat, suggesting increased pain sensitivity. We demonstrate that incubation of dissociated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) nociceptors with 1 nM BPA increases the frequency of action potential firing. SCN9A encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7, which is present in DRG nociceptors and is essential in pain signaling. Nav1.7 and other voltage-gated sodium channels in mouse DRG are considered threshold channels because they produce ramp currents, amplifying small depolarizations and enhancing electrical activity. BPA increased Nav-mediated ramp currents elicited with slow depolarizations. Experiments using pharmacological tools as well as DRG from ERβ−/− mice indicate that this BPA effect involves ERα and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The mRNA expression and biophysical properties other than ramp currents of Nav channels, were unchanged by BPA. Our data suggest that BPA at environmentally relevant doses affects the ability to detect noxious stimuli and therefore should be considered when studying the etiology of pain conditions.
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22
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Caroleo MC, Brizzi A, De Rosa M, Pandey A, Gallelli L, Badolato M, Carullo G, Cione E. Targeting Neuropathic Pain: Pathobiology, Current Treatment and Peptidomimetics as a New Therapeutic Opportunity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:1469-1500. [PMID: 31142248 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190530121133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a huge need for pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of chronic Neuropathic Pain (NP), a complex condition where patients can suffer from either hyperalgesia or allodynia originating from central or peripheral nerve injuries. To date, the therapeutic guidelines include the use of tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors and anticonvulsants, beside the use of natural compounds and non-pharmacological options. Unfortunately, these drugs suffer from limited efficacy and serious dose-dependent adverse effects. In the last decades, the heptapeptide SP1-7, the major bioactive metabolite produced by Substance P (SP) cleavage, has been extensively investigated as a potential target for the development of novel peptidomimetic molecules to treat NP. Although the physiological effects of this SP fragment have been studied in detail, the mechanism behind its action is not fully clarified and the target for SP1-7 has not been identified yet. Nevertheless, specific binding sites for the heptapeptide have been found in brain and spinal cord of both mouse and rats. Several Structure-Affinity Relationship (SAR) studies on SP1-7 and some of its synthetic analogues have been carried out aiming to developing more metabolically stable and effective small molecule SP1-7-related amides that could be used as research tools for a better understanding of the SP1-7 system and, in a longer perspective, as potential therapeutic agents for future treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Polo Scientifico San Miniato, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria De Rosa
- Drug Discovery Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Ankur Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Badolato
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87026 Rende (CS), Italy
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Bennett DL, Clark AJ, Huang J, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Pain Signaling. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1079-1151. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain signaling has a key protective role and is highly evolutionarily conserved. Chronic pain, however, is maladaptive, occurring as a consequence of injury and disease, and is associated with sensitization of the somatosensory nervous system. Primary sensory neurons are involved in both of these processes, and the recent advances in understanding sensory transduction and human genetics are the focus of this review. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are important determinants of sensory neuron excitability: they are essential for the initial transduction of sensory stimuli, the electrogenesis of the action potential, and neurotransmitter release from sensory neuron terminals. Nav1.1, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are all expressed by adult sensory neurons. The biophysical characteristics of these channels, as well as their unique expression patterns within subtypes of sensory neurons, define their functional role in pain signaling. Changes in the expression of VGSCs, as well as posttranslational modifications, contribute to the sensitization of sensory neurons in chronic pain states. Furthermore, gene variants in Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 have now been linked to human Mendelian pain disorders and more recently to common pain disorders such as small-fiber neuropathy. Chronic pain affects one in five of the general population. Given the poor efficacy of current analgesics, the selective expression of particular VGSCs in sensory neurons makes these attractive targets for drug discovery. The increasing availability of gene sequencing, combined with structural modeling and electrophysiological analysis of gene variants, also provides the opportunity to better target existing therapies in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alex J. Clark
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianying Huang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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24
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Cai S, Bellampalli SS, Yu J, Li W, Ji Y, Wijeratne EMK, Dorame A, Luo S, Shan Z, Khanna M, Moutal A, Streicher JM, Gunatilaka AAL, Khanna R. (-)-Hardwickiic Acid and Hautriwaic Acid Induce Antinociception via Blockade of Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1716-1728. [PMID: 30525440 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For an affliction that debilitates an estimated 50 million adults in the United States, the current chronic pain management approaches are inadequate. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have called for a minimization in opioid prescription and use for chronic pain conditions, and thus, it is imperative to discover alternative non-opioid based strategies. For the realization of this call, a library of natural products was screened in search of pharmacological inhibitors of both voltage-gated calcium channels and voltage-gated sodium channels, which are excellent targets due to their well-established roles in nociceptive pathways. We discovered (-)-hardwickiic acid ((-)-HDA) and hautriwaic acid (HTA) isolated from plants, Croton californicus and Eremocarpus setigerus, respectively, inhibited tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium, but not calcium or potassium, channels in small diameter, presumptively nociceptive, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Failure to inhibit spontaneous postsynaptic excitatory currents indicated a preferential targeting of voltage-gated sodium channels over voltage-gated calcium channels by these extracts. Neither compound was a ligand at opioid receptors. Finally, we identified the potential of both (-)-HDA and HTA to reverse chronic pain behavior in preclinical rat models of HIV-sensory neuropathy, and for (-)-HDA specifically, in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Our results illustrate the therapeutic potential for (-)-HDA and HTA for chronic pain management and could represent a scaffold, that, if optimized by structure-activity relationship studies, may yield novel specific sodium channel antagonists for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | | | - Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Zhiming Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital & Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, P.R. China
| | - May Khanna
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | | | | | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
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25
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Hoffstaetter LJ, Mastrotto M, Merriman DK, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Somatosensory Neurons Enter a State of Altered Excitability during Hibernation. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2998-3004.e3. [PMID: 30174191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation in mammals involves prolonged periods of inactivity, hypothermia, hypometabolism, and decreased somatosensation. Peripheral somatosensory neurons play an essential role in the detection and transmission of sensory information to CNS and in the generation of adaptive responses. During hibernation, when body temperature drops to as low as 2°C, animals dramatically reduce their sensitivity to physical cues [1, 2]. It is well established that, in non-hibernators, cold exposure suppresses energy production, leading to dissipation of the ionic and electrical gradients across the plasma membrane and, in the case of neurons, inhibiting the generation of action potentials [3]. Conceivably, such cold-induced elimination of electrogenesis could be part of a general mechanism that inhibits sensory abilities in hibernators. However, when hibernators become active, the bodily functions-including the ability to sense environmental cues-return to normal within hours, suggesting the existence of mechanisms supporting basal functionality of cells during torpor and rapid restoration of activity upon arousal. We tested this by comparing properties of somatosensory neurons from active and torpid thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). We found that torpid neurons can compensate for cold-induced functional deficits, resulting in unaltered resting potential, input resistance, and rheobase. Torpid neurons can generate action potentials but manifest markedly altered firing patterns, partially due to decreased activity of voltage-gated sodium channels. Our results provide insights into the mechanism that preserves somatosensory neurons in a semi-active state, enabling fast restoration of sensory function upon arousal. These findings contribute to the development of strategies enabling therapeutic hypothermia and hypometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Hoffstaetter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marco Mastrotto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- The Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research and Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- The Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research and Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Restoration of Nervous System Function, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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26
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Co-expression of β Subunits with the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.7: the Importance of Subunit Association and Phosphorylation and Their Effects on Channel Pharmacology and Biophysics. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:154-166. [PMID: 29744740 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium ion channel NaV1.7 is crucial in pain signaling. We examined how auxiliary β2 and β3 subunits and the phosphorylation state of the channel influence its biophysical properties and pharmacology. The human NaV1.7α subunit was co-expressed with either β2 or β3 subunits in HEK-293 cells. The β2 subunits and the NaV1.7α, however, were barely associated as evidenced by immunoprecipitation. Therefore, the β2 subunits did not change the biophysical properties of the channel. In contrast, β3 subunit was clearly associated with NaV1.7α. This subunit had a significant degree of glycosylation, and only the fully glycosylated β3 subunit was associated with the NaV1.7α. Electrophysiological characterisation revealed that the β3 subunit had small but consistent effects: a right-hand shift of the steady-state inactivation and faster recovery from inactivation. Furthermore, the β3 subunit reduced the susceptibility of NaV1.7α to several sodium channel blockers. In addition, we assessed the functional effect of NaV1.7α phosphorylation. Inhibition of kinase activity increased channel inactivation, while the blocking phosphatases produced the opposite effect. In conclusion, co-expression of β subunits with NaV1.7α, to better mimic the native channel properties, may be ineffective in cases when subunits are not associated, as shown in our experiments with β2. The β3 subunit significantly influences the function of NaV1.7α and, together with the phosphorylation of the channel, regulates its biophysical and pharmacological properties. These are important findings to take into account when considering the role of NaV1.7 channel in pain signaling.
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27
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Hoffstaetter LJ, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. TRPs et al.: a molecular toolkit for thermosensory adaptations. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:745-759. [PMID: 29484488 PMCID: PMC5945325 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to sense temperature is crucial for the survival of an organism. Temperature influences all biological operations, from rates of metabolic reactions to protein folding, and broad behavioral functions, from feeding to breeding, and other seasonal activities. The evolution of specialized thermosensory adaptations has enabled animals to inhabit extreme temperature niches and to perform specific temperature-dependent behaviors. The function of sensory neurons depends on the participation of various types of ion channels. Each of the channels involved in neuronal excitability, whether through the generation of receptor potential, action potential, or the maintenance of the resting potential have temperature-dependent properties that can tune the neuron's response to temperature stimuli. Since the function of all proteins is affected by temperature, animals need adaptations not only for detecting different temperatures, but also for maintaining sensory ability at different temperatures. A full understanding of the molecular mechanism of thermosensation requires an investigation of all channel types at each step of thermosensory transduction. A fruitful avenue of investigation into how different molecules can contribute to the fine-tuning of temperature sensitivity is to study the specialized adaptations of various species. Given the diversity of molecular participants at each stage of sensory transduction, animals have a toolkit of channels at their disposal to adapt their thermosensitivity to their particular habitats or behavioral circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Hoffstaetter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8026, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8026, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8026, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8026, USA
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8026, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8026, USA.
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8026, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Erythromelalgia is a rare syndrome characterized by the intermittent or, less commonly, by the permanent occurrence of extremely painful hyperperfused skin areas mainly located in the distal extremities. Primary erythromelalgia is nowadays considered to be a genetically determined neuropathic disorder affecting SCN9A, SCN10A, and SCN11A coding for NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9 neuronal sodium channels. Secondary forms might be associated with myeloproliferative disorders, connective tissue disease, cancer, infections, and poisoning. Between the pain episodes, the affected skin areas are usually asymptomatic, but there are patients with typical features of acrocyanosis and/or Raynaud's phenomenon preceding or occurring in between the episodes of erythromelalgia. Diagnosis is made by ascertaining the typical clinical features. Thereafter, the differentiation between primary and secondary forms should be made. Genetic testing is recommended, especially in premature cases and in cases of family clustering in specialized genetic institutions after genetic counselling. Multimodal therapeutic intervention aims toward attenuation of pain and improvement of the patient's quality of life. For this purpose, a wide variety of nonpharmacological approaches and pharmacological substances for topical and systemic use have been proposed, which are usually applied individually in a step-by-step approach. Prognosis mainly depends on the underlying condition and the ability of the patients and their relatives to cope with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jutta Gisela Richter
- 2 Poliklinik, Funktionsbereich und Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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Abstract
Every cell within living organisms actively maintains an intracellular Na+ concentration that is 10-12 times lower than the extracellular concentration. The cells then utilize this transmembrane Na+ concentration gradient as a driving force to produce electrical signals, sometimes in the form of action potentials. The protein family comprising voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) is essential for such signaling and enables cells to change their status in a regenerative manner and to rapidly communicate with one another. NaVs were first predicted in squid and were later identified through molecular biology in the electric eel. Since then, these proteins have been discovered in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Recent research has succeeded in decoding the amino acid sequences of a wide variety of NaV family members, as well as the three-dimensional structures of some. These studies and others have uncovered several of the major steps in the functional and structural transition of NaV proteins that has occurred along the course of the evolutionary history of organisms. Here we present an overview of the molecular evolutionary innovations that established present-day NaV α subunits and discuss their contribution to the evolutionary changes in animal bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Nishino
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Xu Y, Meng X, Hou X, Sun J, Kong X, Sun Y, Liu Z, Ma Y, Niu Y, Song Y, Cui Y, Zhao M, Zhang J. A mutant of the Buthus martensii Karsch antitumor-analgesic peptide exhibits reduced inhibition to hNa v1.4 and hNa v1.5 channels while retaining analgesic activity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18270-18280. [PMID: 28924048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion toxins can kill other animals by inducing paralysis and arrhythmia, which limits the potential applications of these agents in the clinical management of diseases. Antitumor-analgesic peptide (AGAP), purified from Buthus martensii Karsch, has been proved to possess analgesic and antitumor activities. Trp38, a conserved aromatic residue of AGAP, might play an important role in mediating AGAP activities according to the sequence and homology-modeling analyses. Therefore, an AGAP mutant, W38G, was generated, and effects of both AGAP and the mutant W38G were examined by whole-cell patch clamp techniques on the sodium channels hNav1.4 and hNav1.5, which were closely associated with the biotoxicity of skeletal and cardiac muscles, respectively. The data showed that both W38G and AGAP inhibited the peak currents of hNav1.4 and hNav1.5; however, W38G induced a much weaker inhibition of both channels than AGAP. Accordingly, W38G exhibited much less toxic effect on both skeletal and cardiac muscles than AGAP in vivo The analgesic activity of W38G and AGAP were verified in vivo as well, and W38G retained analgesic activity similar to AGAP. Inhibition to both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 was involved in the analgesic mechanism of AGAP and W38G. These findings indicated that Trp38 was a key amino acid involved in the biotoxicity of AGAP, and the AGAP mutant W38G might be a safer alternative for clinical application because it retains the analgesic efficacy with less toxicity to skeletal and cardiac muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Xu
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Xiangxue Meng
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Xue Hou
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Jianfang Sun
- the College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, and
| | - Xiaohua Kong
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Yuqi Sun
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Zeyu Liu
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Ye Niu
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Yongbo Song
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
| | - Yong Cui
- the School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- From the School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016,
| | - Jinghai Zhang
- the School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
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Tanaka BS, Nguyen PT, Zhou EY, Yang Y, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG. Gain-of-function mutation of a voltage-gated sodium channel Na V1.7 associated with peripheral pain and impaired limb development. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9262-9272. [PMID: 28381558 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 cause inherited erythromelalgia, a debilitating pain disorder characterized by severe burning pain and redness of the distal extremities. NaV1.7 is preferentially expressed within peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons. Here, we describe a novel NaV1.7 mutation in an 11-year-old male with underdevelopment of the limbs, recurrent attacks of burning pain with erythema, and swelling in his feet and hands. Frequency and duration of the episodes gradually increased with age, and relief by cooling became less effective. The patient's sister had short stature and reported similar complaints of erythema and burning pain, but with less intensity. Genetic analysis revealed a novel missense mutation in NaV1.7 (2567G>C; p.Gly856Arg) in both siblings. The G856R mutation, located within the DII/S4-S5 linker of the channel, substitutes a highly conserved non-polar glycine by a positively charged arginine. Voltage-clamp analysis of G856R currents revealed that the mutation hyperpolarized (-11.2 mV) voltage dependence of activation and slowed deactivation but did not affect fast inactivation, compared with wild-type channels. A mutation of Gly-856 to aspartic acid was previously found in a family with limb pain and limb underdevelopment, and its functional assessment showed hyperpolarized activation, depolarized fast inactivation, and increased ramp current. Structural modeling using the Rosetta computational modeling suite provided structural clues to the divergent effects of the substitution of Gly-856 by arginine and aspartic acid. Although the proexcitatory changes in gating properties of G856R contribute to the pathophysiology of inherited erythromelalgia, the link to limb underdevelopment is not well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Tanaka
- From the Department of Neurology.,the Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,the Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Phuong T Nguyen
- the Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology and.,the Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Eray Yihui Zhou
- the Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, and.,the Department of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yong Yang
- the Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, and
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- the Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology and.,the Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- From the Department of Neurology.,the Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,the Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- From the Department of Neurology, .,the Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,the Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
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Vetter I, Deuis JR, Mueller A, Israel MR, Starobova H, Zhang A, Rash LD, Mobli M. NaV1.7 as a pain target – From gene to pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:73-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Arnich N, Benford D, Botana L, Viviani B, Arcella D, Binaglia M, Horvath Z, Steinkellner H, van Manen M, Petersen A. Risks for public health related to the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and TTX analogues in marine bivalves and gastropods. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04752. [PMID: 32625458 PMCID: PMC7010203 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues are produced by marine bacteria and have been detected in marine bivalves and gastropods from European waters. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of TTX and TTX analogues in marine bivalves and gastropods. The Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain reviewed the available literature but did not find support for the minimum lethal dose for humans of 2 mg, mentioned in various reviews. Some human case reports describe serious effects at a dose of 0.2 mg, corresponding to 4 μg/kg body weight (bw). However, the uncertainties on the actual exposure in the studies preclude their use for derivation of an acute reference dose (ARfD). Instead, a group ARfD of 0.25 μg/kg bw, applying to TTX and its analogues, was derived based on a TTX dose of 25 μg/kg bw at which no apathy was observed in an acute oral study with mice, applying a standard uncertainty factor of 100. Estimated relative potencies for analogues are lower than that of TTX but are associated with a high degree of uncertainty. Based on the occurrence data submitted to EFSA and reported consumption days only, average and P95 exposures of 0.00-0.09 and 0.00-0.03 μg/kg bw, respectively, were calculated. Using a large portion size of 400 g bivalves and P95 occurrence levels of TTX, with exception of oysters, the exposure was below the group ARfD in all consumer groups. A concentration below 44 μg TTX equivalents/kg shellfish meat, based on a large portion size of 400 g, was considered not to result in adverse effects in humans. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) methods are the most suitable for identification and quantification of TTX and its analogues, with LOQs between 1 and 25 μg/kg.
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Kasteel EEJ, Westerink RHS. Comparison of the acute inhibitory effects of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in rat and human neuronal networks for risk assessment purposes. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:12-16. [PMID: 28192153 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an extremely toxic marine neurotoxin. TTX inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, resulting in a potentially lethal inhibition of neurotransmission. Despite numerous intoxications in Asia and Europe, limited (human) toxicological data are available for TTX. Additionally, the degree of interspecies differences for TTX is not well established, hampering the use of available (animal) data for human risk assessment and establishing regulatory limits for TTX concentrations in (shell)fish. We therefore used micro-electrode array (MEA) recordings as an integrated measure of neurotransmission to demonstrate that TTX inhibits neuronal electrical activity in both primary rat cortical cultures and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC)-derived iCell® neurons in co-culture with hIPSC-derived iCell® astrocytes, with IC50 values of 7 and 10nM, respectively. From these data combined with LD50 values and IC50 concentrations of voltage-gated sodium channels derived from literature it can be concluded that interspecies differences are limited for TTX. Consequently, we used experimental animal data to derive a human acute reference dose of 1.33μg/kg body weight, which corresponds to maximum concentration of TTX in shellfish of 200μg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E J Kasteel
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco H S Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, NL-3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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36
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Israel MR, Tay B, Deuis JR, Vetter I. Sodium Channels and Venom Peptide Pharmacology. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 79:67-116. [PMID: 28528674 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Venomous animals including cone snails, spiders, scorpions, anemones, and snakes have evolved a myriad of components in their venoms that target the opening and/or closing of voltage-gated sodium channels to cause devastating effects on the neuromuscular systems of predators and prey. These venom peptides, through design and serendipity, have not only contributed significantly to our understanding of sodium channel pharmacology and structure, but they also represent some of the most phyla- and isoform-selective molecules that are useful as valuable tool compounds and drug leads. Here, we review our understanding of the basic function of mammalian voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms as well as the pharmacology of venom peptides that act at these key transmembrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R Israel
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bryan Tay
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Deuis
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Irina Vetter
- Centre for Pain Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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37
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Schuhmacher LN, Smith ESJ. Expression of acid-sensing ion channels and selection of reference genes in mouse and naked mole rat. Mol Brain 2016; 9:97. [PMID: 27964758 PMCID: PMC5154015 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are a family of ion channels comprised of six subunits encoded by four genes and they are expressed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. ASICs have been implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes: pain, breathing, synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. Unlike mice and humans, naked mole-rats do not perceive acid as a noxious stimulus, even though their sensory neurons express functional ASICs, likely an adaptation to living in a hypercapnic subterranean environment. Previous studies of ASIC expression in the mammalian nervous system have often not examined all subunits, or have failed to adequately quantify expression between tissues; to date there has been no attempt to determine ASIC expression in the central nervous system of the naked mole-rat. Here we perform a geNorm study to identify reliable housekeeping genes in both mouse and naked mole-rat and then use quantitative real-time PCR to estimate the relative amounts of ASIC transcripts in different tissues of both species. We identify RPL13A (ribosomal protein L13A) and CANX (calnexin), and β-ACTIN and EIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4a) as being the most stably expressed housekeeping genes in mouse and naked mole-rat, respectively. In both species, ASIC3 was most highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and ASIC1a, ASIC2b and ASIC3 were more highly expressed across all brain regions compared to the other subunits. We also show that ASIC4, a proton-insensitive subunit of relatively unknown function, was highly expressed in all mouse tissues apart from DRG and hippocampus, but was by contrast the lowliest expressed ASIC in all naked mole-rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Nadine Schuhmacher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.,Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
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Duan G, Han C, Wang Q, Guo S, Zhang Y, Ying Y, Huang P, Zhang L, Macala L, Shah P, Zhang M, Li N, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG, Zhang X. A SCN10A SNP biases human pain sensitivity. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916666083. [PMID: 27590072 PMCID: PMC5011395 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916666083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nav1.8 sodium channels, encoded by SCN10A, are preferentially expressed in nociceptive neurons and play an important role in human pain. Although rare gain-of-function variants in SCN10A have been identified in individuals with painful peripheral neuropathies, whether more common variants in SCN10A can have an effect at the channel level and at the dorsal root ganglion, neuronal level leading to a pain disorder or an altered normal pain threshold has not been determined. Results: Candidate single nucleotide polymorphism association approach together with experimental pain testing in human subjects was used to explore possible common SCN10A missense variants that might affect human pain sensitivity. We demonstrated an association between rs6795970 (G > A; p.Ala1073Val) and higher thresholds for mechanical pain in a discovery cohort (496 subjects) and confirmed it in a larger replication cohort (1005 female subjects). Functional assessments showed that although the minor allele shifts channel activation by −4.3 mV, a proexcitatory attribute, it accelerates inactivation, an antiexcitatory attribute, with the net effect being reduced repetitive firing of dorsal root ganglion neurons, consistent with lower mechanical pain sensitivity. Conclusions: At the association and mechanistic levels, the SCN10A single nucleotide polymorphism rs6795970 biases human pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Han
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans' Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qingli Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shanna Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Penghao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lawrence Macala
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans' Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans' Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans' Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans' Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Tanaka BS, Zhao P, Dib-Hajj FB, Morisset V, Tate S, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. A gain-of-function mutation in Nav1.6 in a case of trigeminal neuralgia. Mol Med 2016; 22:338-348. [PMID: 27496104 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating pain disorder characterized by episodic unilateral facial pain along the territory of branches of the trigeminal nerve. Human painful disorders, but not TN, have been linked to gain-of-function mutations in peripheral voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV1.7, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9). Gain-of-function mutations in NaV1.6, which is expressed in myelinated and unmyelinated CNS and peripheral nervous system neurons and supports neuronal high-frequency firing, have been linked to epilepsy but not to pain. Here, we describe an individual who presented with evoked and spontaneous paroxysmal unilateral facial pain, and carried a diagnosis of TN. Magnetic resonance imaging showed unilateral neurovascular compression, consistent with pain in areas innervated by the second branch of the trigeminal nerve. Genetic analysis as part of a phase 2 clinical study in patients with TN conducted by Convergence Pharmaceuticals Ltd revealed a previously undescribed de novo missense mutation in NaV1.6 (c.A406G; p.Met136Val). Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings show that the Met136Val mutation significantly increases peak current density (1.5-fold) and resurgent current (1.6-fold) without altering gating properties. Current-clamp studies in trigeminal ganglion (TRG) neurons showed that Met136Val increased the fraction of high-firing neurons, lowered the current threshold and increased the frequency of evoked action potentials in response to graded stimuli. Our results demonstrate a novel NaV1.6 mutation in TN, and show that this mutation potentiates transient and resurgent sodium currents and leads to increased excitability in TRG neurons. We suggest that this gain-of-function NaV1.6 mutation may exacerbate the pathophysiology of vascular compression and contribute to TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Tanaka
- Department of Neurology.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Fadia B Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Valerie Morisset
- Convergence Pharmaceuticals Ltd, a Biogen company, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Tate
- Convergence Pharmaceuticals Ltd, a Biogen company, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology.,Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.,Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
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40
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RNA sequencing reveals region-specific molecular mechanisms associated with epileptogenesis in a model of classical hippocampal sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22416. [PMID: 26935982 PMCID: PMC4776103 DOI: 10.1038/srep22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the first complete transcriptome analysis of the dorsal (dDG) and ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of a rat epilepsy model presenting a hippocampal lesion with a strict resemblance to classical hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We collected the dDG and vDG by laser microdissection 15 days after electrical stimulation and performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing. There were many differentially regulated genes, some of which were specific to either of the two sub-regions in stimulated animals. Gene ontology analysis indicated an enrichment of inflammation-related processes in both sub-regions and of axonal guidance and calcium signaling processes exclusively in the vDG. There was also a differential regulation of genes encoding molecules involved in synaptic function, neural electrical activity and neuropeptides in stimulated rats. The data presented here suggests, in the time point analyzed, a remarkable interaction among several molecular components which takes place in the damaged hippocampi. Furthermore, even though similar mechanisms may function in different regions of the DG, the molecular components involved seem to be region specific.
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41
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Liu XP, Wooltorton JRA, Gaboyard-Niay S, Yang FC, Lysakowski A, Eatock RA. Sodium channel diversity in the vestibular ganglion: NaV1.5, NaV1.8, and tetrodotoxin-sensitive currents. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2536-55. [PMID: 26936982 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00902.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Firing patterns differ between subpopulations of vestibular primary afferent neurons. The role of sodium (NaV) channels in this diversity has not been investigated because NaV currents in rodent vestibular ganglion neurons (VGNs) were reported to be homogeneous, with the voltage dependence and tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitivity of most neuronal NaV channels. RT-PCR experiments, however, indicated expression of diverse NaV channel subunits in the vestibular ganglion, motivating a closer look. Whole cell recordings from acutely dissociated postnatal VGNs confirmed that nearly all neurons expressed NaV currents that are TTX-sensitive and have activation midpoints between -30 and -40 mV. In addition, however, many VGNs expressed one of two other NaV currents. Some VGNs had a small current with properties consistent with NaV1.5 channels: low TTX sensitivity, sensitivity to divalent cation block, and a relatively negative voltage range, and some VGNs showed NaV1.5-like immunoreactivity. Other VGNs had a current with the properties of NaV1.8 channels: high TTX resistance, slow time course, and a relatively depolarized voltage range. In two NaV1.8 reporter lines, subsets of VGNs were labeled. VGNs with NaV1.8-like TTX-resistant current also differed from other VGNs in the voltage dependence of their TTX-sensitive currents and in the voltage threshold for spiking and action potential shape. Regulated expression of NaV channels in primary afferent neurons is likely to selectively affect firing properties that contribute to the encoding of vestibular stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Liu
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Technology Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sophie Gaboyard-Niay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fu-Chia Yang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Anna Lysakowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth Anne Eatock
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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42
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Chambers C, Witton I, Adams C, Marrington L, Kammonen J. High-Throughput Screening of NaV1.7 Modulators Using a Giga-Seal Automated Patch Clamp Instrument. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:93-108. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chambers
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Witton
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn Adams
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Marrington
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juha Kammonen
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Obergrussberger A, Bru ggemann A, Goetze TA, Rapedius M, Haarmann C, Rinke I, Becker N, Oka T, Ohtsuki A, Stengel T, Vogel M, Steindl J, Mueller M, Stiehler J, George M, Fertig N. Automated Patch Clamp Meets High-Throughput Screening: 384 Cells Recorded in Parallel on a Planar Patch Clamp Module. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:779-793. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215623209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Tse G, Yeo JM. Conduction abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmogenesis: The roles of sodium channels and gap junctions. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015; 9:75-82. [PMID: 26839915 PMCID: PMC4695916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias arise from disruptions in the normal orderly sequence of electrical activation and recovery of the heart. They can be categorized into disorders affecting predominantly cellular depolarization or repolarization, or those involving action potential (AP) conduction. This article briefly discusses the factors causing conduction abnormalities in the form of unidirectional conduction block and reduced conduction velocity (CV). It then examines the roles that sodium channels and gap junctions play in AP conduction. Finally, it synthesizes experimental results to illustrate molecular mechanisms of how abnormalities in these proteins contribute to such conduction abnormalities and hence ventricular arrhythmogenesis, in acquired pathologies such as acute ischaemia and heart failure, as well as inherited arrhythmic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Ming Yeo
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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45
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Laedermann CJ, Abriel H, Decosterd I. Post-translational modifications of voltage-gated sodium channels in chronic pain syndromes. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:263. [PMID: 26594175 PMCID: PMC4633509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the peripheral sensory nervous system the neuronal expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) is very important for the transmission of nociceptive information since they give rise to the upstroke of the action potential (AP). Navs are composed of nine different isoforms with distinct biophysical properties. Studying the mutations associated with the increase or absence of pain sensitivity in humans, as well as other expression studies, have highlighted Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 as being the most important contributors to the control of nociceptive neuronal electrogenesis. Modulating their expression and/or function can impact the shape of the AP and consequently modify nociceptive transmission, a process that is observed in persistent pain conditions. Post-translational modification (PTM) of Navs is a well-known process that modifies their expression and function. In chronic pain syndromes, the release of inflammatory molecules into the direct environment of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons leads to an abnormal activation of enzymes that induce Navs PTM. The addition of small molecules, i.e., peptides, phosphoryl groups, ubiquitin moieties and/or carbohydrates, can modify the function of Navs in two different ways: via direct physical interference with Nav gating, or via the control of Nav trafficking. Both mechanisms have a profound impact on neuronal excitability. In this review we will discuss the role of Protein Kinase A, B, and C, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases and Ca++/Calmodulin-dependent Kinase II in peripheral chronic pain syndromes. We will also discuss more recent findings that the ubiquitination of Nav1.7 by Nedd4-2 and the effect of methylglyoxal on Nav1.8 are also implicated in the development of experimental neuropathic pain. We will address the potential roles of other PTMs in chronic pain and highlight the need for further investigation of PTMs of Navs in order to develop new pharmacological tools to alleviate pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric J. Laedermann
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, BostonMA, USA
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Decosterd
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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46
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Tang Z, Chen Z, Tang B, Jiang H. Primary erythromelalgia: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:127. [PMID: 26419464 PMCID: PMC4589109 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary erythromelalgia (PE ORPHA90026) is a rare autosomal dominant neuropathy characterized by the combination of recurrent burning pain, warmth and redness of the extremities. The incidence rate of PE ranges from 0.36 to 1.1 per 100,000 persons. Gender ratio differs according to different studies and no evidence showed a gender preference. Clinical onset of PE is often in the first decade of life. Burning pain is the most predominant symptom and is usually caused and precipitated by warmth and physical activities. Reported cases of PE contain both inherited and sporadic forms. Genetic etiology of PE is mutations on SCN9A, the encoding gene of a voltage-gated sodium channel subtype Nav1.7. Diagnosis of PE is made upon clinical manifestations and screening for mutations on SCN9A. Exclusion of several other treatable diseases/secondary erythromelalgia is also necessary because of the lack of biomarkers specifically for PE. Differential diagnoses can include Fabry disease, cellulites, Raynaud phenomenon, vasculitis and so on. Diagnostic methods often involve complete blood count, imaging studies and thermograph. Treatment for PE is unsatisfactory and highly individualized. Frequently used pain relieving drugs involve sodium channel blockers such as lidocaine, carbamazepine and mexiletine. Novel drugs such as PF-05089771 and TV-45070 could be promising in ameliorating pain symptoms due to their Nav1.7 selectivity. Patients’ symptoms often worsen over time and many patients develop ulcerations and gangrenes caused by excessive exposure to low temperature in order to relieve pain. This review mainly focuses on PE and the causative gene SCN9A -- its mutations and their effects on Nav1.7 channels’ electrophysiological properties. We propose a genotype-channelopathy-phenotype correlation network underlying PE etiology which could provide guidance for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,State Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,State Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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47
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Amarouch MY, Abriel H. Cellular hyper-excitability caused by mutations that alter the activation process of voltage-gated sodium channels. Front Physiol 2015; 6:45. [PMID: 25741286 PMCID: PMC4330716 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) are widely expressed as macro-molecular complexes in both excitable and non-excitable tissues. In excitable tissues, the upstroke of the action potential is the result of the passage of a large and rapid influx of sodium ions through these channels. NaV dysfunction has been associated with an increasingly wide range of neurological, muscular and cardiac disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently identified sodium channel mutations that are linked to hyper-excitability phenotypes and associated with the alteration of the activation process of voltage gated sodium channels. Indeed, several clinical manifestations that demonstrate an alteration of tissue excitability were recently shown to be strongly associated with the presence of mutations that affect the activation process of the Nav. These emerging genotype-phenotype correlations have expanded the clinical spectrum of sodium channelopathies to include disorders which feature a hyper-excitability phenotype that may or may not be associated with a cardiomyopathy. The p.I141V mutation in SCN4A and SCN5A, as well as its homologous p.I136V mutation in SCN9A, are interesting examples of mutations that have been linked to inherited hyperexcitability myotonia, exercise-induced polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias and erythromelalgia, respectively. Regardless of which sodium channel isoform is investigated, the substitution of the isoleucine to valine in the locus 141 induces similar modifications in the biophysical properties of the Nav by shifting the voltage-dependence of steady state activation toward more negative potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch
- Materials, Natural Substances, Environment and Modeling Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fes Taza, Morocco
| | - Hugues Abriel
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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48
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Vandael DHF, Ottaviani MM, Legros C, Lefort C, Guérineau NC, Allio A, Carabelli V, Carbone E. Reduced availability of voltage-gated sodium channels by depolarization or blockade by tetrodotoxin boosts burst firing and catecholamine release in mouse chromaffin cells. J Physiol 2015; 593:905-27. [PMID: 25620605 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Mouse chromaffin cells (MCCs) of the adrenal medulla possess fast-inactivating Nav channels whose availability alters spontaneous action potential firing patterns and the Ca(2+)-dependent secretion of catecholamines. Here, we report MCCs expressing large densities of neuronal fast-inactivating Nav1.3 and Nav1.7 channels that carry little or no subthreshold pacemaker currents and can be slowly inactivated by 50% upon slight membrane depolarization. Reducing Nav1.3/Nav1.7 availability by tetrodotoxin or by sustained depolarization near rest leads to a switch from tonic to burst-firing patterns that give rise to elevated Ca(2+)-influx and increased catecholamine release. Spontaneous burst firing is also evident in a small percentage of control MCCs. Our results establish that burst firing comprises an intrinsic firing mode of MCCs that boosts their output. This occurs particularly when Nav channel availability is reduced by sustained splanchnic nerve stimulation or prolonged cell depolarizations induced by acidosis, hyperkalaemia and increased muscarine levels. ABSTRACT Action potential (AP) firing in mouse chromaffin cells (MCCs) is mainly sustained by Cav1.3 L-type channels that drive BK and SK currents and regulate the pacemaking cycle. As secretory units, CCs optimally recruit Ca(2+) channels when stimulated, a process potentially dependent on the modulation of the AP waveform. Our previous work has shown that a critical determinant of AP shape is voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) channel availability. Here, we studied the contribution of Nav channels to firing patterns and AP shapes at rest (-50 mV) and upon stimulation (-40 mV). Using quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting, we show that MCCs mainly express tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive, fast-inactivating Nav1.3 and Nav1.7 channels that carry little or no Na(+) current during slow ramp depolarizations. Time constants and the percentage of recovery from fast inactivation and slow entry into closed-state inactivation are similar to that of brain Nav1.3 and Nav1.7 channels. The fraction of available Nav channels is reduced by half after 10 mV depolarization from -50 to -40 mV. This leads to low amplitude spikes and a reduction in repolarizing K(+) currents inverting the net current from outward to inward during the after-hyperpolarization. When Nav channel availability is reduced by up to 20% of total, either by TTX block or steady depolarization, a switch from tonic to burst firing is observed. The spontaneous occurrence of high frequency bursts is rare under control conditions (14% of cells) but leads to major Ca(2+)-entry and increased catecholamine release. Thus, Nav1.3/Nav1.7 channel availability sets the AP shape, burst-firing initiation and regulates catecholamine secretion in MCCs. Nav channel inactivation becomes important during periods of high activity, mimicking stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H F Vandael
- Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Center, CNISM Unit, Torino, Italy
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49
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Vandael DHF, Marcantoni A, Carbone E. Cav1.3 Channels as Key Regulators of Neuron-Like Firings and Catecholamine Release in Chromaffin Cells. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2015; 8:149-61. [PMID: 25966692 PMCID: PMC5384372 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150507105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal and neuroendocrine L-type calcium channels (Cav1.2, Cav1.3) open readily at relatively low membrane potentials and allow Ca(2+) to enter the cells near resting potentials. In this way, Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 shape the action potential waveform, contribute to gene expression, synaptic plasticity, neuronal differentiation, hormone secretion and pacemaker activity. In the chromaffin cells (CCs) of the adrenal medulla, Cav1.3 is highly expressed and is shown to support most of the pacemaking current that sustains action potential (AP) firings and part of the catecholamine secretion. Cav1.3 forms Ca(2+)-nanodomains with the fast inactivating BK channels and drives the resting SK currents. These latter set the inter-spike interval duration between consecutive spikes during spontaneous firing and the rate of spike adaptation during sustained depolarizations. Cav1.3 plays also a primary role in the switch from "tonic" to "burst" firing that occurs in mouse CCs when either the availability of voltage-gated Na channels (Nav) is reduced or the β2 subunit featuring the fast inactivating BK channels is deleted. Here, we discuss the functional role of these "neuron-like" firing modes in CCs and how Cav1.3 contributes to them. The open issue is to understand how these novel firing patterns are adapted to regulate the quantity of circulating catecholamines during resting condition or in response to acute and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emilio Carbone
- Department of Drug Science, Corso Raffaello 30, I - 10125 Torino, Italy.
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50
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Luo J, Zhang Y, Gong M, Lu S, Ma Y, Zeng X, Liang S. Molecular surface of JZTX-V (β-Theraphotoxin-Cj2a) interacting with voltage-gated sodium channel subtype NaV1.4. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2177-93. [PMID: 25055801 PMCID: PMC4113750 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6072177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs; NaV1.1–NaV1.9) have been proven to be critical in controlling the function of excitable cells, and human genetic evidence shows that aberrant function of these channels causes channelopathies, including epilepsy, arrhythmia, paralytic myotonia, and pain. The effects of peptide toxins, especially those isolated from spider venom, have shed light on the structure–function relationship of these channels. However, most of these toxins have not been analyzed in detail. In particular, the bioactive faces of these toxins have not been determined. Jingzhaotoxin (JZTX)-V (also known as β-theraphotoxin-Cj2a) is a 29-amino acid peptide toxin isolated from the venom of the spider Chilobrachys jingzhao. JZTX-V adopts an inhibitory cysteine knot (ICK) motif and has an inhibitory effect on voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels. Previous experiments have shown that JZTX-V has an inhibitory effect on TTX-S and TTX-R sodium currents on rat DRG cells with IC50 values of 27.6 and 30.2 nM, respectively, and is able to shift the activation and inactivation curves to the depolarizing and the hyperpolarizing direction, respectively. Here, we show that JZTX-V has a much stronger inhibitory effect on NaV1.4, the isoform of voltage-gated sodium channels predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle cells, with an IC50 value of 5.12 nM, compared with IC50 values of 61.7–2700 nM for other heterologously expressed NaV1 subtypes. Furthermore, we investigated the bioactive surface of JZTX-V by alanine-scanning the effect of toxin on NaV1.4 and demonstrate that the bioactive face of JZTX-V is composed of three hydrophobic (W5, M6, and W7) and two cationic (R20 and K22) residues. Our results establish that, consistent with previous assumptions, JZTX-V is a Janus-faced toxin which may be a useful tool for the further investigation of the structure and function of sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Luo
- The key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yiya Zhang
- The key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Mengting Gong
- The key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Shanshan Lu
- The key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yifeng Ma
- The key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Xiongzhi Zeng
- The key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Songping Liang
- The key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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