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Peptide-Based Nanoparticles for αvβ3 Integrin-Targeted DNA Delivery to Cancer and Uterine Leiomyoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238363. [PMID: 36500454 PMCID: PMC9741203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the reproductive system. Current therapeutic options do not simultaneously meet the requirements of long-term efficiency and fertility preservation. Suicide gene delivery can be proposed as a novel approach to uterine leiomyoma therapy. Non-viral vehicles are an attractive approach to DNA delivery for gene therapy of both malignant and benign tumors. Peptide-based vectors are among the most promising candidates for the development of artificial viruses, being able to efficiently cross barriers of DNA transport to cells. Here we described nanoparticles composed of cysteine-crosslinked polymer and histidine-arginine-rich peptide modified with iRGD moiety and characterized them as vehicles for plasmid DNA delivery to pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells and the uterine leiomyoma cell model. Several variants of nanoparticles were formulated with different targeting ligand content. The physicochemical properties that were studied included DNA binding and protection, interaction with polyanions and reducing agents, size, structure and zeta-potential of the peptide-based nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity, cell uptake and gene transfection efficiency were assessed in PANC-1 cells with GFP and LacZ-encoding plasmids. The specificity of gene transfection via αvβ3 integrin binding was proved in competitive transfection. The therapeutic potential was evaluated in a uterine leiomyoma cell model using the suicide gene therapy approach. The optimal formulation was found to be at the polyplex with the highest iRGD moiety content being able to transfect cells more efficiently than control PEI. Suicide gene therapy using the best formulation resulted in a significant decrease of uterine leiomyoma cells after ganciclovir treatment. It can be concluded that the application of iRGD-modified peptide-based nanoparticles has a high potential for cellular delivery of DNA therapeutics in favor of uterine leiomyoma gene therapy.
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2
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A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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3
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Thagun C, Horii Y, Mori M, Fujita S, Ohtani M, Tsuchiya K, Kodama Y, Odahara M, Numata K. Non-transgenic Gene Modulation via Spray Delivery of Nucleic Acid/Peptide Complexes into Plant Nuclei and Chloroplasts. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3506-3521. [PMID: 35195009 PMCID: PMC8945396 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of economically important traits in plants is an effective way to improve global welfare. However, introducing foreign DNA molecules into plant genomes to create genetically engineered plants not only requires a lengthy testing period and high developmental costs but also is not well-accepted by the public due to safety concerns about its effects on human and animal health and the environment. Here, we present a high-throughput nucleic acids delivery platform for plants using peptide nanocarriers applied to the leaf surface by spraying. The translocation of sub-micrometer-scale nucleic acid/peptide complexes upon spraying varied depending on the physicochemical characteristics of the peptides and was controlled by a stomata-dependent-uptake mechanism in plant cells. We observed efficient delivery of DNA molecules into plants using cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based foliar spraying. Moreover, using foliar spraying, we successfully performed gene silencing by introducing small interfering RNA molecules in plant nuclei via siRNA-CPP complexes and, more importantly, in chloroplasts via our CPP/chloroplast-targeting peptide-mediated delivery system. This technology enables effective nontransgenic engineering of economically important plant traits in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonprakun Thagun
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Horii
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Maai Mori
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Seiya Fujita
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Department
of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kodama
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center
for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya
University, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Odahara
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- (Ma.O.)
| | - Keiji Numata
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- (K.N.)
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4
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Shtykalova S, Egorova A, Maretina M, Baranov V, Kiselev A. Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Component of Peptide-Based DNA Delivery System for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030112. [PMID: 35324801 PMCID: PMC8945779 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidegene therapy is considered a promising approach for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma (UL), a benign tumor in women characterized by precise localization. In this study, we investigate the efficiency of αvβ3 integrin-targeted arginine-rich peptide carrier R6p-cRGD electrostatically bound to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for targeted DNA delivery into the UL cells. The physico–chemical and cytotoxic properties, transfection efficiency, and specificity of R6p-cRGD/DNA/MNPs polyplexes were evaluated. The addition of MNPs resulted in a decrease in the time needed for successful transfection with simultaneous increase in efficiency. We revealed a therapeutic effect on primary UL cells after delivery of plasmid encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase gene. Treatment with ganciclovir resulted in 20% efficiency of suicide gene therapy in UL cells transfected with the pPTK-1 plasmid. Based on these results, we conclude that the use of cationic peptide carriers with MNPs can be promising for the development of modular non-viral carriers for suicide gene delivery to UL cells.
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5
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Egorova A, Shtykalova S, Selutin A, Shved N, Maretina M, Selkov S, Baranov V, Kiselev A. Development of iRGD-Modified Peptide Carriers for Suicide Gene Therapy of Uterine Leiomyoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020202. [PMID: 33540912 PMCID: PMC7913275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is one of the most common benign tumors in women that often leads to many reproductive complications. Suicide genetherapy was suggested as a promising approach for UL treatment. In the present study, we describe iRGD ligand-conjugated cysteine-rich peptide carrier RGD1-R6 for targeted DNA delivery to αvβ3 integrin-expressing primary UL cells. The physico-chemical properties, cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency and specificity of DNA/RGD1-R6 polyplexes were investigated. TheHSV-1thymidine kinase encoding plasmid delivery to PANC-1pancreatic carcinoma cells and primary UL cells resulted in significant suicide gene therapy effects. Subsequent ganciclovir treatment decreased cells proliferative activity, induced of apoptosis and promoted cells death.The obtained results allow us to concludethatthe developed RGD1-R6 carrier can be considered a promising candidate for suicide gene therapy of uterine leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Alexander Selutin
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Natalia Shved
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Marianna Maretina
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Sergei Selkov
- Department of Immunology and Intercellular Interactions, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Vladislav Baranov
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.E.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (M.M.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-812-328-9809
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6
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Peptides as a material platform for gene delivery: Emerging concepts and converging technologies. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:40-59. [PMID: 32966922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful gene therapies rely on methods that safely introduce DNA into target cells and enable subsequent expression of proteins. To that end, peptides are an attractive materials platform for DNA delivery, facilitating condensation into nanoparticles, delivery into cells, and subcellular release to enable protein expression. Peptides are programmable materials that can be designed to address biocompatibility, stability, and subcellular barriers that limit efficiency of non-viral gene delivery systems. This review focuses on fundamental structure-function relationships regarding peptide design and their impact on nanoparticle physical properties, biologic activity, and biocompatibility. Recent peptide technologies utilize multi-dimensional structures, non-natural chemistries, and combinations of peptides with lipids to achieve desired properties and efficient transfection. Advances in DNA cargo design are also presented to highlight further opportunities for peptide-based gene delivery. Modern DNA designs enable prolonged expression compared to traditional plasmids, providing an additional component that can be synergized with peptide carriers for improved transfection. Peptide transfection systems are poised to become a flexible and efficient platform incorporating new chemistries, functionalities, and improved DNA cargos to usher in a new era of gene therapy.
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7
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Miyamoto T, Tsuchiya K, Numata K. Dual Peptide-Based Gene Delivery System for the Efficient Transfection of Plant Callus Cells. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2735-2744. [PMID: 32432860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their diverse functions and tunable physicochemical properties, peptides are promising alternatives to the conventional gene delivery tools that are available for plant systems. However, peptide-mediated gene delivery is limited by low transfection efficiency in plants because of the insufficient cytosolic translocation of DNA cargo. Here, we report a dual peptide-based gene delivery system for the efficient transfection of plant callus cells. This system is based on the combination of an artificial peptide composed of cationic cell-penetrating and hydrophobic endosomal escape domains with a gene carrier peptide composed of amphiphilic cell-penetrating and cationic DNA-binding domains. Cellular internalization and transfection studies revealed that this dual peptide-based system enables more efficient transfection of callus cells than does a carrier peptide alone by enhancing the endocytic uptake and subsequent cytosolic translocation of a carrier peptide/DNA complex. The present strategy will expand the utility of peptide-mediated plant gene delivery for a wide range of applications and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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8
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Vaughan HJ, Green JJ, Tzeng SY. Cancer-Targeting Nanoparticles for Combinatorial Nucleic Acid Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901081. [PMID: 31222852 PMCID: PMC6923623 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are a promising type of therapeutic for the treatment of a wide range of conditions, including cancer, but they also pose many delivery challenges. For efficient and safe delivery to cancer cells, nucleic acids must generally be packaged into a vehicle, such as a nanoparticle, that will allow them to be taken up by the target cells and then released in the appropriate cellular compartment to function. As with other types of therapeutics, delivery vehicles for nucleic acids must also be designed to avoid unwanted side effects; thus, the ability of such carriers to target their cargo to cancer cells is crucial. Classes of nucleic acids, hurdles that must be overcome for effective intracellular delivery, types of nonviral nanomaterials used as delivery vehicles, and the different strategies that can be employed to target nucleic acid delivery specifically to tumor cells are discussed. Additonally, nanoparticle designs that facilitate multiplexed delivery of combinations of nucleic acids are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5001, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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9
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Thagun C, Chuah J, Numata K. Targeted Gene Delivery into Various Plastids Mediated by Clustered Cell-Penetrating and Chloroplast-Targeting Peptides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1902064. [PMID: 31832328 PMCID: PMC6891901 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plastid is an organelle that functions as a cell factory to supply food and oxygen to the plant cell and is therefore a potential target for genetic engineering to acquire plants with novel photosynthetic traits or the ability to produce valuable biomolecules. Conventional plastid genome engineering technologies are laborious for the preparation of plant material, require expensive experimental instruments, and are time consuming for obtaining a transplastomic plant line that produces significant levels of the biomolecule of interest. Herein, a transient plastid transformation technique is presented using a peptide-based gene carrier. By formulating peptide/plasmid DNA complexes that combine the functions of both a cell-penetrating peptide and a chloroplast-targeting peptide, DNA molecules are translocated across the plant cell membrane and delivered to the plastid efficiently via vesicle formation and intracellular vesicle trafficking. A simple infiltration method enables the introduction of a complex solution into intact plants, and plastid-localized transgene expression is expeditiously observed in various types of plastids in differentiated cell types of several plants. The gene delivery technology thus provides a useful tool to rapidly engineer plastids in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonprakun Thagun
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Jo‐Ann Chuah
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research TeamRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako‐shiSaitama351‐0198Japan
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10
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Kardani K, Milani A, H Shabani S, Bolhassani A. Cell penetrating peptides: the potent multi-cargo intracellular carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1227-1258. [PMID: 31583914 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) known as protein translocation domains (PTD), membrane translocating sequences (MTS), or Trojan peptides (TP) are able to cross biological membranes without clear toxicity using different mechanisms, and facilitate the intracellular delivery of a variety of bioactive cargos. CPPs could overcome some limitations of drug delivery and combat resistant strains against a broad range of diseases. Despite delivery of different therapeutic molecules by CPPs, they lack cell specificity and have a short duration of action. These limitations led to design of combined cargo delivery systems and subsequently improvement of their clinical applications. Areas covered: This review covers all our studies and other researchers in different aspects of CPPs such as classification, uptake mechanisms, and biomedical applications. Expert opinion: Due to low cytotoxicity of CPPs as compared to other carriers and final degradation to amino acids, they are suitable for preclinical and clinical studies. Generally, the efficiency of CPPs was suitable to penetrate the cell membrane and deliver different cargos to specific intracellular sites. However, no CPP-based therapeutic approach has approved by FDA, yet; because there are some disadvantages for CPPs including short half-life in blood, and nonspecific CPP-mediated delivery to normal tissue. Thus, some methods were used to develop the functions of CPPs in vitro and in vivo including the augmentation of cell specificity by activatable CPPs, specific transport into cell organelles by insertion of corresponding localization sequences, incorporation of CPPs into multifunctional dendrimeric or liposomal nanocarriers to improve selectivity and efficiency especially in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samaneh H Shabani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
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11
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Intracellular oligonucleotide delivery using the cell penetrating peptide Xentry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11256. [PMID: 30050146 PMCID: PMC6062516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the use of two cationic peptides, Xentry-KALA (XK) and Xentry-Protamine (XP), for intracellular delivery of Connexin43 antisense oligonucleotides (Cx43AsODN). The charge and size of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP complexes was determined by Zetasizer analysis. The earliest positive zeta potential reading was obtained at a 1:2 and 1:1.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP respectively, with Cx43AsODN:XK resulting in overall larger complexes than Cx43AsODN:XP. Gel shift mobility assays revealed complete complex formation at a 1:2.5 and 1:2.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP, respectively. Cellular uptake studies were carried out in ARPE-19 cells. While both complexes were able to enter the cells, Cx43AsODN:XK uptake appeared punctate and circular indicative of endosomal containment. Cx43AsODN:XP uptake, in contrast, resulted in diffuse appearance inside the cell suggesting endosomal escape of the cargo. Finally, western blot analysis confirmed that Cx43AsODN:XP was able to knockdown Cx43 expression in these cells under normal and hypoxic conditions.
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12
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Chen X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Wang L, Ma C, Xi X, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Shaw C, Chen T, Zhou M. Evaluation of the bioactivity of a mastoparan peptide from wasp venom and of its analogues designed through targeted engineering. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:599-607. [PMID: 29904274 PMCID: PMC6001651 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastoparan is a typical cationic and amphipathic tetradecapeptide found in wasp venom and exhibits potent biological activities. Yet, compared with other insect-derived peptides, such as melittin from the bee venom, this family have been underrated. Herein, we evaluated the biological activities of mastoparan-C (MP-C), which was identified from the venom of the European Hornet (Vespa crabro), and rationally designed two analogues (a skeleton-based cyclization by two cysteine residues and an N-terminal extension via tat-linked) for enhancing the stability of the biological activity and membrane permeability, respectively. Three peptides possessed broadly efficacious inhibiting capacities towards common pathogens, resistant strains, as well as microbial biofilm. Although, cyclized MP-C showed longer half-life time than the parent peptide, the lower potency of antimicrobial activity and higher degree of haemolysis were observed. The tat-linked MP-C exhibited more potent anticancer activity than the parent peptide, but it also loses the specificity. The study revealed that MP-C is good candidate for developing antimicrobial agents and the targeted-design could improve the stability and transmembrane delivery, but more investigation would be needed to adjust the side effects brought from the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yue Wu
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chengbang Ma
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xinping Xi
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Olaf R P Bininda-Emonds
- AG Systematik und Evolutionsbiologie, IBU-Faculty V, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Chris Shaw
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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13
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Chuah JA, Numata K. Stimulus-Responsive Peptide for Effective Delivery and Release of DNA in Plants. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1154-1163. [PMID: 29498835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For efficient gene delivery in plant systems, nonviral vector and DNA complexes require extracellular stability, cell wall/membrane translocation capability, and the ability to mediate both endosomal escape and intracellular DNA release. Peptides make appealing gene delivery vectors due to their DNA-binding, cell-penetrating, and endosome escape properties. However, DNA release within cells has so far been inefficient, which results in poor and delayed gene expression, while the lack of understanding of both internalization and trafficking mechanisms is a further obstacle to the design of efficient peptide gene delivery vectors. Here, we report successful gene delivery into plants using a cellular environment-responsive vector, BPCH7, which is an efficient cell-penetrating peptide with a cyclic DNA-binding domain that is formed by a disulfide bond between two cysteines. The cyclic structure of BPCH7 confers high avidity attachment to DNA in vitro. Following endocytosis into cells, disulfide bond cleavage facilitated by intracellular glutathione induces structural changes within BPCH7 that enable the release of the associated DNA cargo. Comparative studies with BPKH, a cell-penetrating peptide with a linear DNA-binding domain, show that BPCH7 maximized and expedited gene transfer in cells and unveil for the first time the crucial role of plant stomata in the internalization of peptide-DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ann Chuah
- Enzyme Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Enzyme Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
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14
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Wada SI, Takesada A, Nagamura Y, Sogabe E, Ohki R, Hayashi J, Urata H. Structure-activity relationship study of Aib-containing amphipathic helical peptide-cyclic RGD conjugates as carriers for siRNA delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5378-5381. [PMID: 29157863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The conjugation of Aib-containing amphipathic helical peptide with cyclo(-Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Cys-) (cRGDfC) at the C-terminus of the helix peptide (PI) has been reported to be useful for constructing a carrier for targeted siRNA delivery into cells. In order to explore structure-activity relationships for the development of potential carriers for siRNA delivery, we synthesized conjugates of Aib-containing amphipathic helical peptide with cRGDfC at the N-terminus (PII) and both the N- and C-termini (PIII) of the helical peptide. Furthermore, to examine the influence of PI helical chain length on siRNA delivery, truncated peptides containing 16 (PIV), 12 (PV), and 8 (PVI) amino acid residues at the N-terminus of the helical chain were synthesized. PII and PIII, as well as PI, could deliver anti-luciferase siRNA into cells to induce the knockdown of luciferase stably expressed in cells. In contrast, all of the truncated peptides were unlikely to transport siRNA into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichi Wada
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Anna Takesada
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yurie Nagamura
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Eri Sogabe
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Junsuke Hayashi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hidehito Urata
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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15
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Arginine-rich cross-linking peptides with different SV40 nuclear localization signal content as vectors for intranuclear DNA delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4781-4785. [PMID: 29017784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The major barriers for intracellular DNA transportation by cationic polymers are their toxicity, poor endosomal escape and inefficient nuclear uptake. Therefore, we designed novel modular peptide-based carriers modified with SV40 nuclear localization signal (NLS). Core peptide consists of arginine, histidine and cysteine residues for DNA condensation, endosomal escape promotion and interpeptide cross-linking, respectively. We investigated three polyplexes with different NLS content (10 mol%, 50 mol% and 90 mol% of SV40 NLS) as vectors for intranuclear DNA delivery. All carriers tested were able to condense DNA, to protect it from DNAase I and were not toxic to the cells. We observed that cell cycle arrest by hydroxyurea did not affect transfection efficacy of NLS-modified carriers which we confirmed using quantitative confocal microscopy analysis. Overall, peptide carrier modified with 90 mol% of SV40 NLS provided efficient transfection and nuclear uptake in non-dividing cells. Thus, incorporation of NLS into arginine-rich cross-linking peptides is an adequate approach to the development of efficient intranuclear gene delivery vehicles.
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16
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Ahmed M. Peptides, polypeptides and peptide–polymer hybrids as nucleic acid carriers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:2188-2211. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peptide, polypeptide and polymer–peptide hybrid based nucleic acid therapeutics (NAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry & School of Sustainable Design and Engineering
- University of Prince Edward Island
- Charlottetown
- Canada
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17
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Chuah JA, Matsugami A, Hayashi F, Numata K. Self-Assembled Peptide-Based System for Mitochondrial-Targeted Gene Delivery: Functional and Structural Insights. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3547-3557. [PMID: 27696822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to severe and often deadly diseases, for which there are no known cures. Although the targeted delivery of therapeutic gene to mitochondria is a promising approach to alleviate these disorders, gene carrier systems for the selective delivery of functional DNA into the mitochondria of living mammalian cells are currently unavailable. Here we rationally developed dual-domain peptides containing DNA-condensing/cell-penetrating/endosome-disruptive and mitochondria-targeting sequences. Secondary structures of the dual-domain peptides were analyzed, and variations in the physicochemical properties (stability, size, and ζ potential) of peptide/DNA complexes were studied as a function of peptide-to-DNA ratio and serum addition. An optimized formulation, identified through qualitative and quantitative studies, fulfills the fundamental prerequisites for mitochondria-specific DNA delivery, successfully transfecting a high proportion (82 ± 2%) of mitochondria in a human cell line with concomitant biocompatibility. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirmed the effectiveness of our bipartite peptide design with segregated functions: a helical domain necessary for mitochondrial import and an unstructured region for interaction with DNA involving lysine residues. Further analyses revealed that the lysine-specific interaction assisted the self-organization of the peptide and the DNA cargo, leading to a structural arrangement within the formed complex that is crucial for its biological efficiency. Thus the reported gene vector represents a new and reliable tool to uncover the complexity of mitochondrial transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ann Chuah
- Enzyme Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akimasa Matsugami
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama Institute, RIKEN , Tsurumi, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Hayashi
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, Yokohama Institute, RIKEN , Tsurumi, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Enzyme Research Team, Biomass Engineering Research Division, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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18
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Freimann K, Arukuusk P, Kurrikoff K, Vasconcelos LDF, Veiman KL, Uusna J, Margus H, Garcia-Sosa AT, Pooga M, Langel Ü. Optimization of in vivo DNA delivery with NickFect peptide vectors. J Control Release 2016; 241:135-143. [PMID: 27664329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As the field of gene therapy progresses, an increasingly urgent need has arisen for efficient and non-toxic vectors for the in vivo delivery of nucleic acids. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are very efficient transfection reagents in vitro, however, their application in vivo needs improvement. To enhance in vivo transfection we designed various CPPs based on previous knowledge of internalization studies and physiochemical properties of NickFect (NF) nanoparticles. We show that increment of the helicity of these Transportan10 analogues improves the transfection efficiency. We rationally design by modifying the net charge and the helicity of the CPP a novel amphipathic α-helical peptide NF55 for in vivo application. NF55 condenses DNA into stable nanoparticles that are resistant to protease degradation, promotes endosomal escape, and transfects the majority of cells in a large cell population. We demonstrate that NF55 mediates DNA delivery in vivo with gene induction efficiency that is comparable to commercial transfection reagents. In addition to gene induction in healthy mice, NF55/DNA nanoparticles showed promising tumor transfection in various mouse tumor models, including an intracranial glioblastoma model. The efficiency of NF55 to convey DNA specifically into tumor tissue increased even further after coupling a PEG2000 to the peptide via a disulphide-bond. Furthermore, a solid formulation of NF55/DNA displayed an excellent stability profile without additives or special storage conditions. Together, its high transfection efficacy and stability profile make NF55 an excellent vector for the delivery of DNA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Freimann
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Piret Arukuusk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Kurrikoff
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Kadi-Liis Veiman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julia Uusna
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helerin Margus
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Margus Pooga
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Kou X, Zhang W, Zhang W. Quantifying the Interactions between PEI and Double-Stranded DNA: Toward the Understanding of the Role of PEI in Gene Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21055-21062. [PMID: 27435435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) is one of the most efficient nonviral vectors, and its binding mode/strength with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which is still not clear, is a core area of transfection studies. In this work we used the atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to detect the interaction between branched PEI and dsDNA quantitatively by using a long chain DNA as a probe. Our results indicate that PEI binds to phosphoric acid skeletons of dsDNA mainly via electrostatic interactions, no obvious groove-binding or intercalation has happened. The interaction strength is about 24-25 pN, and it remains unchanged at pH 5.0 and 7.4, which correspond to the pH values in lysosomes and in the cytoplasmic matrix, respectively. However, the interaction is found to be sensitive to the ionic strength of the environment. In addition, the unbinding force shows no obvious loading rate dependence indicative of equilibrium binding/unbinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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20
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Bishop CJ, Kozielski KL, Green JJ. Exploring the role of polymer structure on intracellular nucleic acid delivery via polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release 2015; 219:488-499. [PMID: 26433125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular nucleic acid delivery has the potential to treat many genetically-based diseases, however, gene delivery safety and efficacy remains a challenging obstacle. One promising approach is the use of polymers to form polymeric nanoparticles with nucleic acids that have led to exciting advances in non-viral gene delivery. Understanding the successes and failures of gene delivery polymers and structures is the key to engineering optimal polymers for gene delivery in the future. This article discusses the polymer structural features that enable effective intracellular delivery of DNA and RNA, including protection of nucleic acid cargo, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, vector unpacking, and delivery to the intracellular site of activity. The chemical properties that aid in each step of intracellular nucleic acid delivery are described and specific structures of note are highlighted. Understanding the chemical design parameters of polymeric nucleic acid delivery nanoparticles is important to achieving the goal of safe and effective non-viral genetic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Departments of Neurosurgery, Oncology, and Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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21
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Danilevich VN, Machulin AV, Lipkin AV, Kulakovskaya TV, Smith SS, Mulyukin AL. New insight into formation of DNA-containing microparticles during PCR: the scaffolding role of magnesium pyrophosphate crystals. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:625-39. [PMID: 25891071 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to study molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of DNA-containing microparticles and nanoparticles during PCR. Both pyrophosphate and Mg(2+) ions proved to play an important role in the generation of DNA microparticles (MPs) with a unique and sophisticated structure in PCR with Taq polymerase. Thus, the addition of Tli thermostable pyrophosphatase to a PCR mixture inhibited this process and caused the destruction of synthesized DNA MPs. Thermal cycling of Na-pyrophosphate (Na-PPi)- and Mg(2+)-containing mixtures (without DNA polymerase and dNTPs) under the standard PCR regime yielded crystalline oval or lenticular microdisks and 3D MPs composed from magnesium pyrophosphate (Mg-PPi). As shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the produced Mg-PPi microparticles consisted of intersecting disks or their segments. They were morphologically similar but simpler than DNA-containing MPs generated in PCR. The incorporation of dNTPs, primers, or dsDNA into Mg-pyrophosphate particles resulted in the structural diversification of 3D microparticles. Thus, the unusual and complex structure of DNA MPs generated in PCR is governed by the unique feature of Mg-pyrophosphate to form supramolecular particles during thermal cycling. We hypothesize the Mg-pyrophosphate particles that are produced during thermal cycling serve as scaffolds for amplicon DNA condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N Danilevich
- a Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Science , ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997 , Russia
| | - Andrey V Machulin
- b Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms , Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Nauki 5, 142290 Pushchino , Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey V Lipkin
- a Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Science , ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997 , Russia
| | - Tatyana V Kulakovskaya
- b Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms , Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Nauki 5, 142290 Pushchino , Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Steven S Smith
- c Beckman Research Institute and Division of Urology and Urologic Oncology , City of Hope National Medical Center , 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte , CA 91010 , USA
| | - Andrey L Mulyukin
- d Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology , Russian Academy of Science , Pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7/2, Moscow 117312 , Russia
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22
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Karapetian AT, Grigoryan ZA, Mamasakhlisov YS, Minasyants MV, Vardevanyan PO. Theoretical treatment of helix–coil transition of complexes DNA with two different ligands having different binding parameters. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:201-5. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1010584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Gene introduction into the mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana via peptide-based carriers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7751. [PMID: 25583214 PMCID: PMC4291575 DOI: 10.1038/srep07751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Available methods in plant genetic transformation are nuclear and plastid transformations because similar procedures have not yet been established for the mitochondria. The double membrane and small size of the organelle, in addition to its large population in cells, are major obstacles in mitochondrial transfection. Here we report the intracellular delivery of exogenous DNA localized to the mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana using a combination of mitochondria-targeting peptide and cell-penetrating peptide. Low concentrations of peptides were sufficient to deliver DNA into the mitochondria and expression of imported DNA reached detectable levels within a short incubation period (12 h). We found that electrostatic interaction with the cell membrane is not a critical factor for complex internalization, instead, improved intracellular penetration of mitochondria-targeted complexes significantly enhanced gene transfer efficiency. Our results delineate a simple and effective peptide-based method, as a starting point for the development of more sophisticated plant mitochondrial transfection strategies.
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24
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Danilevich VN, Artemov VV, Smith SS, Gainutdinov RV, Mulyukin AL. The structural peculiarities of condensed DNA micro- and nanoparticles formed in PCR. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:1979-92. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.848411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Green JJ. Bioengineered nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:449-68. [PMID: 23821336 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been an important laboratory tool in the last two decades and has allowed researchers to better understand the functions of nonprotein-coding genes through RNA interference (RNAi). Although RNAi holds great promise for this purpose as well as for treatment of many diseases, efforts at using siRNA have been hampered by the difficulty of safely and effectively introducing it into cells of interest, both in vitro and in vivo. To overcome this challenge, many biomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and optimized for siRNA delivery, often taking cues from the DNA delivery field, although different barriers exist for these two types of molecules. In this review, we discuss general properties of biomaterials and nanoparticles that are necessary for effective nucleic acid delivery. We also discuss specific examples of bioengineered materials, including lipid-based NPs, polymeric NPs, inorganic NPs, and RNA-based NPs, which clearly illustrate the problems and successes in siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Pushpanathan M, Gunasekaran P, Rajendhran J. Mechanisms of the antifungal action of marine metagenome-derived peptide, MMGP1, against Candida albicans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69316. [PMID: 23844258 PMCID: PMC3699656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of resistant variants to existing antifungal drugs continues to be the serious problem in Candida albicans-induced fungal pathogenesis, which has a considerable impact on animal and human health. Identification and characterization of newer drugs against C. albicans is, therefore, essential. MMGP1 is a direct cell-penetrating peptide recently identified from marine metagenome, which was found to possess potent antifungal activity against C. albicans. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the mechanism of antifungal action of MMGP1 against C. albicans. Agarose gel shift assay found the peptide to be having a remarkable DNA-binding ability. The modification of the absorption spectra and fluorescence quenching of the tryptophyl residue correspond to the stacking between indole ring and nucleotide bases. The formation of peptide-DNA complexes was confirmed by fluorescence quenching of SYTO 9 probe. The interaction of peptide with plasmid DNA afforded protection of DNA from enzymatic degradation by DNase I. In vitro transcription of mouse β-actin gene in the presence of peptide led to a decrease in the level of mRNA synthesis. The C. albicans treated with MMGP1 showed strong inhibition of biosynthetic incorporation of uridine analog 5-ethynyluridine (EU) into nascent RNA, suggesting the peptide's role in the inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. Furthermore, the peptide also induces endogenous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans. MMGP1 supplemented with glutathione showed an increased viability of C. albicans cells. The hyper-produced ROS by MMGP1 leads to increased levels of protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and it also causes dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation in C. albicans cells. CONCLUSION And Significance: Therefore, the antifungal activity of MMGP1 could be attributed to its binding with DNA, causing inhibition of transcription followed by endogenous production of ROS, which triggers cascade of events that leads to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthuirulan Pushpanathan
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasamy Gunasekaran
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kiselev A, Egorova A, Laukkanen A, Baranov V, Urtti A. Characterization of reducible peptide oligomers as carriers for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:736-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Hashimoto T, Kawazu T, Nagasaki T, Murakami A, Yamaoka T. Quantitative comparison between poly(L-arginine) and poly(L-lysine) at each step of polyplex-based gene transfection using a microinjection technique. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2012; 13:015009. [PMID: 27877476 PMCID: PMC5090301 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/13/1/015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among the well-studied polypeptide-type gene carriers, transfection efficiency is empirically known to be higher for poly(L-arginine) (PR) than poly(L-lysine) (PK). The big difference between PR and PK should be determined at one of the intracellular trafficking steps based on the different charge densities, structures or PKa values. However, the endosomal escape and the intranuclear transcription efficiency in living cells have not been clarified yet. In this study, a novel method for quantifying the intranuclear transcription efficiency and the nuclear transport of the polyplex is established based on the nuclear and the cytosolic microinjection technique, and the results for PK and PR with different molecular weights (MWs) are compared in living cells. The intranuclear transcription efficiency is the same in PR and PK and it decreases rapidly with increasing MW, in spite of the commonly measured transfection efficiency. The transcription efficiency is strongly suppressed at high MW and strongly correlates with the polyplex forming ability expressed as a critical ratio of the number of polypeptide cationic groups to the number of pDNA anionic groups. When considered with the results of the cellular uptake and in vitro transfection with or without chloroquine, the rate-limiting step for their gene transfer is the buffering effect-independent endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawazu
- Department of Applied and Bioapplied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagasaki
- Silk Materials Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8585, Japan
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29
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Wada SI, Tsuda H, Okada T, Urata H. Cellular uptake of Aib-containing amphipathic helix peptide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5688-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Zhao J, Gao P, Xiao W, Fan LQ, Wang FJ, Li SX, Liu JW. A novel human derived cell-penetrating peptide in drug delivery. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2649-56. [PMID: 21080077 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides can carry a variety of biologically active molecules into cells. Here we have identified a novel CPP derived from the C-terminus of human extracellular superoxide dismutase (hC-SOD3) which was shown to be located throughout in the cytoplasm and nucleus by fluorescence microscopy investigation. Furthermore, when apoptin fused to hC-SOD3, it was translocated efficiently into HeLa cells resulting in antitumor activities. This study shows that hC-SOD3 has the potential to penetrate and translocate cargo molecules into cells and has no cytotoxicity at effective concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Mailbox 365, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Kim NY, Choi YB, Kang CI, Kim HH, Yang JM, Shin S. An hydrophobically modified arginine peptide vector system effectively delivers DNA into human mesenchymal stem cells and maintains transgene expression with differentiation. J Gene Med 2010; 12:779-89. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Danilevich VN, Kadykov VA, Grishin EV. Condensed DNA particles formed in a PCR with plasmid templates: An electron microscopy study. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:535-46. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Danilevich VN, Kadykov VA, Grishin EV. Micro- and nanoparticles of condensed DNA formed in a PCR with yeast genomic DNA as a template. Electron microscopy data. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:375-86. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201003009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pardridge WM. Preparation of Trojan horse liposomes (THLs) for gene transfer across the blood-brain barrier. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2010:pdb.prot5407. [PMID: 20360361 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonviral plasmid DNA is delivered to the brain via a transvascular route across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following intravenous administration of DNA encapsulated within Trojan horse liposomes (THLs), also called PEGylated immunoliposomes (PILs). The liposome surface is covered with several thousand strands of polymer (e.g., polyethylene glycol [PEG]), and the tips of 1%-2% of the polymer strands are conjugated with a targeting monoclonal antibody that acts as a molecular Trojan horse (MTH). The MTH binds to a receptor (e.g., for transferrin or insulin) on the BBB and brain cell membrane, triggering receptor-mediated transcytosis of the THL across the BBB in vivo, and receptor-mediated endocytosis into brain cells beyond the BBB. The persistence of transgene expression in the brain is inversely related to the rate of degradation of the episomal plasmid DNA. THL technology enables an exogenous gene to be widely expressed in the majority of cells in adult brain (or other organs) within 1 d of a single intravenous administration. Applications of the THLs include tissue-specific gene expression with tissue-specific promoters, complete normalization of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase in experimental Parkinson's disease following intravenous tyrosine hydroxylase gene therapy, a 100% increase in survival time of mice with brain tumors following weekly intravenous antisense gene therapy using THLs, and a 90% increase in survival time with weekly intravenous RNA interference (RNAi) gene therapy in mice with intracranial brain tumors. This protocol describes the preparation of THLs for use in gene transfer in vitro or in vivo.
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Abstract
In recent years there has been an abundance of research into the potential of helical peptides to influence cell function. These peptides have been used to achieve a variety of different outcomes from cell repair to cell death, depending upon the peptide sequence and the nature of its interactions with cell membranes and membrane proteins. In this critical review, we summarise several mechanisms by which helical peptides, acting as either transporters, inhibitors, agonists or antibiotics, can have significant effects on cell membranes and can radically affect the internal mechanisms of the cell. The various approaches to peptide design are discussed, including the role of naturally-occurring proteins in the design of these helical peptides and current breakthroughs in the use of non-natural (and therefore more stable) peptide scaffolds. Most importantly, the current successful applications of these peptides, and their potential uses in the field of medicine, are reviewed (131 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Beevers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Danilevich VN, Barinova ES, Grishin EV. [Microparticles from coupled DNA formed in the process of polymerase chain reaction]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:226-38. [PMID: 19537174 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162009020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA microparticle formation in the course of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is reported. PCR with gene-specific and partially complementary primers and yeast genomic DNA as a template was shown to yield spherical DNA-composed microparticles as well as their aggregates and conglomerates, along with routine linear DNA. Microparticles were formed at late PCR stages and could be easily identified by the reaction with fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide primers or by staining of the PCR mixture with fluorescent dyes (acridine orange, propidium iodide or DAPI). According to the data of epifluorescent and electron microscopy, the microparticle size varied from 500 nm to 3-4 microm and the particles were multimeric star-shaped spheres or aggregates formed by several fused microspheres. Some properties of the microspheres were studied. It was found that the Mg2+ cations comprising the PCR buffer played a key role in the formation of microparticles and the stabilization of their structures.
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Kuriyama S, Nishimura K, Taguchi Y, Yanagibashi K, Katayama Y, Niidome T. Phosphatidylserine-selective Conformational Change of α-Helix Peptide, Td3717, and Its Ability to Transfect Cancer Cells. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Danilevich VN, Grishin EV. Characteristics of microspheres formed in PCR with bacterial genomic DNA or plasmid DNA as templates. Microbiology (Reading) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261709030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Goparaju GN, Bruist MF, Satish Chandran C, Gupta PK. Influence of N-Terminal Hydrophobicity of Cationic Peptides on Thermodynamics of their Interaction with Plasmid DNA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 73:502-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Goparaju GN, Satishchandran C, Gupta PK. The effect of the structure of small cationic peptides on the characteristics of peptide-DNA complexes. Int J Pharm 2009; 369:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Controlled cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of plasmid DNA and siRNA by differentially tailored polyethylenimine. J Control Release 2009; 133:206-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kuriyama S, Taguchi Y, Nishimura K, Yanagibashi K, Katayama Y, Niidoime T. Improvement of peptide vectors for gene delivery with active targeting profiles for phosphatidylserine. J Pept Sci 2008; 15:114-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Danilevich VN, Petrovskaya LE, Grishin EV. DNA nano- and microparticles: new products of polymerase chain reaction. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2008; 421:168-70. [PMID: 18853764 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672908040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V N Danilevich
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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Simon BE, Ybarra N, Bonneval AO, Barry RA. Plasmid DNA Delivery by d-Alanine-Deficient Listeria monocytogenes. Biotechnol Prog 2008; 22:1394-9. [PMID: 17022679 DOI: 10.1021/bp060177i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optimal DNA vaccine efficacy requires circumventing several obstacles, including low immunogenicity, a need for adjuvant, and the costs of purifying injection grade plasmid DNA. Bacterial delivery of plasmid DNA may provide an efficient and low-cost alternative to plasmid purification and injection. Also, the bacterial vector may exhibit potential as an immune adjuvant in vivo. Thus, we elected to examine the use of cell-wall-deficient Listeria monocytogenes as a DNA delivery vehicle in vitro. First, the D-alanine-deficient (Deltadal-dat) L. monocytogenes strain DP-L3506, which undergoes autolysis inside eukaryotic host cells in the absence of D-alanine, was transformed with a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the CMV promoter (pAM-EGFP). Then COS-7 and MC57G cell lines were infected with the transformed DP-L3506 at various multiplicities of infection (MOI) in the presence or absence of D-alanine. Subsequent GFP expression was observed in both cell lines by 24 h post-infection with DP-L3506(pAM-EGFP). Notably, no GFP positive cells were observed when D-alanine was omitted. Although transfection efficiency initially increased as a result of D-alanine supplementation, high concentration or long-term supplementation led to sustained bacterial growth that killed the infected host cells, resulting in fewer GFP-expressing cells. Thus, efficient DNA delivery by transformed bacteria must balance bacterial invasion and survival with target cell health and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Simon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregan, USA.
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Coles DJ, Yang S, Minchin RF, Toth I. The characterization of a novel dendritic system for gene delivery by isothermal titration calorimetry. Biopolymers 2008; 90:651-4. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Pujals S, Giralt E. Proline-rich, amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:473-84. [PMID: 18187229 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich peptides are a chemically and structurally diverse family of cell-penetrating vectors characterised by the presence of pyrrolidine rings from prolines. Amphipathic Pro-rich peptides are particularly effective, demonstrating efficient cellular uptake and non-cytotoxicity. Derivatives with hydrophobic moieties, such as fatty acids or silaproline, have shown highly improved internalisation efficiency; an all D-amino acid version of the CPP SAP was shown to be completely protease resistant and was evaluated in a preliminary in vivo study. CD and TEM studies regarding the self-assembly properties of this family of peptides highlight the possible role of aggregated species in the internalisation process. Finally, these CPPs were shown to be internalised via caveolae or lipid-rafts mediated endocytosis, which circumvents the lysosomal route of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Pujals
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Mann A, Richa R, Ganguli M. DNA condensation by poly-l-lysine at the single molecule level: Role of DNA concentration and polymer length. J Control Release 2008; 125:252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Morton CO, Hayes A, Wilson M, Rash BM, Oliver SG, Coote P. Global phenotype screening and transcript analysis outlines the inhibitory mode(s) of action of two amphibian-derived, alpha-helical, cationic peptides on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3948-59. [PMID: 17846143 PMCID: PMC2151447 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01007-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermaseptin S3(1-16) [DsS3(1-16)] and magainin 2 (Mag 2) are two unrelated, amphibian-derived cationic peptides that adopt an alpha-helical structure within microbial membranes and have been proposed to kill target organisms via membrane disruption. Using a combination of global deletion mutant library phenotypic screening, expression profiling, and physical techniques, we have carried out a comprehensive in vitro analysis of the inhibitory action of these two peptides on the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene ontology profiling (of biological processes) was used to identify both common and unique effects of each peptide. Resistance to both peptides was conferred by genes involved in telomere maintenance, chromosome organization, and double-strand break repair, implicating a common inhibitory action of DNA damage. Crucially, each peptide also required unique genes for maintaining resistance; for example, DsS3(1-16) required genes involved in protein targeting to the vacuole, and Mag 2 required genes involved in DNA-dependent DNA replication and DNA repair. Thus, DsS3(1-16) and Mag 2 have both common and unique antifungal actions that are not simply due to membrane disruption. Physical techniques revealed that both peptides interacted with DNA in vitro but in subtly different ways, and this observation was supported by the functional genomics experiments that provided evidence that both peptides also interfered with DNA integrity differently in vivo. This implies that both peptides are able to pass through the cytoplasmic membrane of yeast cells and damage DNA, an inhibitory action that has not been previously attributed to either of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver Morton
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, The North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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Mann A, Khan MA, Shukla V, Ganguli M. Atomic force microscopy reveals the assembly of potential DNA “nanocarriers” by poly-l-ornithine. Biophys Chem 2007; 129:126-36. [PMID: 17601648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to visualize the process of condensation of plasmid DNA by poly-L-ornithine on mica surface. AFM images reveal that the transition of negatively charged DNA to condensed nanoparticles on addition of increasing amounts of positively charged poly-L-ornithine (charge ratio (Z+/Z-) varied between 0.1 and 1) at a wide range of DNA concentrations (3-20 ng/microl) occurs through formation of several distinct morphologies. The nature of the complexes is strongly dependent on both the charge ratio and the DNA concentration. Initiation of condensation when the concentration of DNA is low (approximately 3-7 ng/microl) occurs possibly through formation of monomolecular complexes which are thick rod-like in shape. On the contrary, when condensation is carried out at DNA concentrations of 13-20 ng/microl, multimolecular structures are also formed even at low charge ratios. This difference in pathway seems to result in differences in the extent of condensation as well as size and aggregation of the nanoparticles formed at the high charge ratios. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct single molecule elucidation of the mechanism of DNA condensation by poly-L-ornithine. Cationic poly-aminoacids like poly-L-ornithine are known to be efficient in delivery of plasmid DNA containing therapeutic genes in a variety of mammalian cell lines by forming condensed "nanocarriers" with DNA. Single molecule insight into the mechanism by which such nanocarriers are packaged during the condensation process could be helpful in predicting efficacy of intracellular delivery and release of DNA from them and also provide important inputs for design of new gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road (near Jubilee Hall), Delhi 110 007, India
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