1
|
Tang F, Cao F, Lu C, He X, Weng L, Sun L. Dvl2 facilitates the coordination of NF-κB and Wnt signaling to promote colitis-associated colorectal progression. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:565-575. [PMID: 34807493 PMCID: PMC8819304 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CAC) arises due to prolonged inflammation and has distinct molecular events compared with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Although inflammatory NF‐κB signaling was activated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα) in early stages of CAC, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling later appears to function as a key regulator of CAC progression. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the cross‐regulation between these 2 pathways remains unclear. Here, we found reciprocal inhibition between NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in CAC samples, and the Dvl2, an adaptor protein of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, is responsible for NF‐κB inhibition. Mechanistically, Dvl2 interacts with the C‐terminus of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFRI) and mediates TNFRI endocytosis, leading to NF‐κB signal inhibition. In addition, increased infiltration of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) is responsible for upregulating Dvl2 expression through STAT6. Targeting STAT6 effectively decreases Dvl2 levels and restrains colony formation of cancer cells. These findings demonstrate a unique role for Dvl2 in TNFRI endocytosis, which facilitates the coordination of NF‐κB and Wnt to promote CAC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Tang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyang Cao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
IL-13Rα2 Is a Biomarker of Diagnosis and Therapeutic Response in Human Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071140. [PMID: 34201539 PMCID: PMC8303581 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13Rα2 is a high-affinity binding protein for its ligand IL-13 and a cancer-testis antigen as it is expressed in the testis. IL-13Rα2 is highly expressed in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer, and consists of three domains: extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic. The extracellular domain binds to the ligand to form a biologically active complex, which initiates signaling through AP-1 and other pathways. IL-13Rα2 is also expressed in diseased cells such as fibroblasts that are involved in various inflammatory diseases, including cancer. We have reported that IL-13Rα2 is a prognostic biomarker for malignant glioma, adrenocortical cancer, and pancreatic cancer. In pancreatic cancer, a small sample of tissue could be examined for the expression of IL-13Rα2 by using the endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration technique (EUS-FNA). In addition, a peptide-based targeted approach using Pep-1L peptide could be used to study the biodistribution and whole-body cancer imaging for the screening of pancreatic cancer in suspected subjects.
Collapse
|
3
|
Suzuki A, Leland P, Joshi BH, Puri RK. Targeting of IL-4 and IL-13 receptors for cancer therapy. Cytokine 2015; 75:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
4
|
Joshi BH, Puri RK. IL-13 receptor-alpha2: a novel target for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:321-7. [PMID: 20635949 DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
5
|
Mishra BB, Gundra UM, Teale JM. STAT6⁻/⁻ mice exhibit decreased cells with alternatively activated macrophage phenotypes and enhanced disease severity in murine neurocysticercosis. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 232:26-34. [PMID: 21051093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, using a murine model for neurocysticercosis, macrophage phenotypes and their functions were examined. Mesocestoides corti infection in the central nervous system (CNS) induced expression of markers associated with alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) and a scarcity of iNOS, a classically activated macrophage marker. The infection in STAT6(-/-) mice resulted in significantly reduced accumulation of AAMs as well as enhanced susceptibility to infection coinciding with increased parasite burden and greater neuropathology. These results demonstrate that macrophages in the helminth infected CNS are largely of AAM phenotypes, particularly as the infection progresses, and that STAT6 dependent responses, possibly involving AAMs, are essential for controlling neurocysticercosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-1644, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martinez FO, Helming L, Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective. Annu Rev Immunol 2009; 27:451-83. [PMID: 19105661 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2002] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells with well-established roles in the primary response to pathogens, but also in tissue homeostasis, coordination of the adaptive immune response, inflammation, resolution, and repair. These cells recognize danger signals through receptors capable of inducing specialized activation programs. The classically known macrophage activation is induced by IFN-gamma, which triggers a harsh proinflammatory response that is required to kill intracellular pathogens. Macrophages also undergo alternative activation by IL-4 and IL-13, which trigger a different phenotype that is important for the immune response to parasites. Here we review the cellular sources of these cytokines, receptor signaling pathways, and induced markers and gene signatures. We draw attention to discrepancies found between mouse and human models of alternative activation. The evidence for in vivo alternative activation of macrophages is also analyzed, with nematode infection as prototypic disease. Finally, we revisit the concept of macrophage activation in the context of the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando O Martinez
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joshi BH, Puri RA, Leland P, Varricchio F, Gupta G, Kocak M, Gilbertson RJ, Puri RK. Identification of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain overexpression in situ in high-grade diffusely infiltrative pediatric brainstem glioma. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:265-74. [PMID: 18430795 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2007-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malignant glioma cell lines and adult brain tumors overexpress high levels of interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain (IL-13Ralpha2). Because the IL-13Ralpha2 chain is an important target for cancer therapy and prognosis for patients with brainstem glioma (BSG) remains dismal, we investigated the expression of this receptor in specimens of diffusely infiltrative pediatric BSG relative to normal brain tissue. Twenty-eight BSG specimens and 15 normal brain specimens were investigated for IL-13Ralpha2 protein expression by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) using two different antibodies in two different laboratories. Highly sensitive Q-dot-based IHC and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays were also developed to identify IL-13Ralpha2 protein and RNA in these specimens. The results were evaluated independently in two laboratories in a blinded fashion. By Q-dot IHC or a standard IHC assay, 17 of 28 (61%) tumor specimens showed modest to strong staining for IL-13Ralpha2, while 15 normal brain tissue samples showed weak expression for IL-13Ralpha2 protein. Significant interrater agreement between the two laboratories was seen in the assessment of IL-13Ralpha2 intensity. High-level IL-13Ralpha2 RNA expression was detected in tumor samples by Q-dot ISH, but only weak RNA expression was observed in normal brain. Significant agreement between ISH and IHC assays was observed (simple kappa [kappa] estimate=0.358, weighted kappa=0.89, p=0.001). IL-13Ralpha2 protein and mRNA are expressed to significantly higher levels in BSG than in normal brain tissue. Both IHC and ISH represent robust methods to detect expression of the IL-13Ralpha2 receptor in BSG that could represent an important new drug target for treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Joshi BH, Hogaboam C, Dover P, Husain SR, Puri RK. Role of interleukin-13 in cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and other T(H)2-type diseases. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2006; 74:479-504. [PMID: 17027527 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(06)74019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 plays a major role in various inflammatory diseases including cancer, asthma, and allergy. It mediates a variety of different effects on various cell types including B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. IL-13 binds to two primary receptor chains IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2. The IL-13Ralpha2 but not IL-13Ralpha1 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and is overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells derived from glioma, squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. We have also demonstrated that IL-13Ralpha2 expression is greatly increased in lung cells when mice were challenged intranasally with bleomycin or Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, IL-13Ralpha2 increased in surgical lung biopsies from patients with usual interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and respiratory bronchiolitic interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin. Based on various studies, it is concluded that IL-13Ralpha2-expressing cells are involved in various pulmonary pathological conditions. In contrast, normal tissues such as brain, lung, endothelial cells, and head and neck tissues express IL-13Ralpha1 chain, but show only marginal expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain. Thus, IL-13Ralpha2 chain may serve as a novel biomarker for diseased cells such as cancer or fibrosis and a target for receptor-directed therapeutic agents. To target IL-13R, a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a derivative of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been produced. This cytotoxin termed as IL-13PE38QQR or IL-13PE38, or IL-13PE is highly and specifically cytotoxic to a variety of human tumor cell lines. In preclinical models of human glioblastoma, head and neck and AIDS-associated Kaposi's cancer, IL-13PE has been found to have significant antitumor activity at a tolerated dose. Several phase I clinical trials have been completed in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Recently a phase III clinical trial (PRECISE) in patients with recurrent malignant glioma has been completed recruiting a total of 294 patients. IL-13PE cytotoxin has also shown a significant therapeutic effect in preclinical bleomycin or A. fumigatus or Schistosoma mansoni-induced pulmonary pathology including granulomatous fibrosis in mouse models. A clinical study in these diseases has yet to be initiated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat H Joshi
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sugimoto R, Enjoji M, Nakamuta M, Ohta S, Kohjima M, Fukushima M, Kuniyoshi M, Arimura E, Morizono S, Kotoh K, Nawata H. Effect of IL-4 and IL-13 on collagen production in cultured LI90 human hepatic stellate cells. Liver Int 2005; 25:420-8. [PMID: 15780068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been reported that interleukin 4 (IL-4) and 13 (IL-13) directly activate fibroblasts and promote fibrosis. In the process of hepatic fibrosis, the effects of these cytokines on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are not well known. METHODS We evaluated the effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on the collagen production and the proliferation of LI90, a hepatic stellate cell line. We also examined whether interferon (IFN) interferes with the expression of collagen, since IFN has been reported to clinically suppress hepatic fibrosis. RESULTS The receptor complex for IL-4 and IL-13 was IL-4Ralpha/IL-13Ralpha1 on LI90 cells, and the phosphorylation of Stat6 was induced by IL-4 and IL-13. The treatment of LI90 cells with IL-4 or IL-13 increased the production of collagen I protein levels by nearly three times in comparison with untreated cells. Collagen mRNA levels were increased roughly 10-fold by IL-4 and 100-fold by IL-13. Interestingly, BrdU incorporation in LI90 cells was decreased by IL-4 or IL-13 treatment. Furthermore, induction of collagen I production by these cytokines was blocked by IFNalpha or IFNbeta treatment, although neither treatment alone suppressed collagen production. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that IL-4 and IL-13 directly affected HSCs by increasing collagen production and suppressing cell proliferation. The anti-fibrogenetic effect of IFN may be due in part to the blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 stimulation of HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sugimoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Corry DB, Kheradmand F. Biology and therapeutic potential of the interleukin-4/interleukin-13 signaling pathway in asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 1:185-93. [PMID: 14720056 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The future management of patients with allergic asthma is poised to change in the coming one to two decades. This prediction is based on fundamental new insights into the pathogenesis of disease, gained through the study of both humans and experimental models of asthma. These studies have revealed that allergic asthma is an immune-mediated disease which, despite the redundancy characteristic of all immune responses, may be induced through a single dominant signaling cascade called the interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 signaling pathway. In addition to the cytokine IL-4, this pathway includes IL-13, the cytokine receptor subunit IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Ralpha), Janus-associated tyrosine kinases and the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6. The IL-4 signaling pathway controls the most important cellular developmental (afferent) events that underlie asthma. These include T helper (Th) type 2 cell activation, B cell activation and immunoglobulin (Ig) E secretion, mast cell development, and effector (efferent) events related exclusively to immune effects on the lung such as goblet cell metaplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness. Any of the IL-4 signaling molecules are potentially amenable to pharmacological intervention, but a detailed understanding of the entire pathway is required to appreciate their actual potential for drug development. For example, neutralization strategies that target only IL-4 are unlikely to succeed because they leave IL-13 free to continue the signaling cascade. In contrast, neutralization of IL-4Ralpha may represent a more feasible strategy, as it should prevent signaling by both IL-4 and IL-13. The therapeutic potential of targeting intracytoplasmic tyrosine kinases has already been achieved with the use of small molecules, suggesting that this approach may be realistically adopted for the treatment of asthma. However, well designed asthma clinical trials are warranted to determine with certainty, the efficacy of therapies based on IL-4/IL-13 blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Corry
- Departments of Medicine and the Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kawakami K, Kawakami M, Puri RK. Specifically targeted killing of interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor-expressing breast cancer by IL-13 fusion cytotoxin in animal model of human disease. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.137.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) α2 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and can internalize after binding to ligand. We have exploited this property of IL-13Rα2 chain by receptor-targeted breast cancer therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that in vivo intratumoral (i.t.) gene transfer of this chain followed by IL-13 cytotoxin [comprised of IL-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR)] therapy causes regression of established human tumors in xenografted models. Breast carcinoma cells do not express IL-13Rα2 chain and are resistant to the antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. To determine whether IL-13Rα2 chain can render sensitivity of breast cancer to IL-13 cytotoxin, we injected IL-13Rα2 plasmid in s.c. established tumors by i.t. route, followed by systemic or i.t. IL-13 cytotoxin administration. This combination approach showed profound antitumor activity against human breast tumors in xenografted immunodeficient mice. Interestingly, there was dominant infiltration of inflammatory cells in regressing tumors, which were identified to be macrophages producing nitric oxide (NO) and natural killer cells. The partial role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive macrophages was confirmed by in vivo macrophage depletion experiments. Serum chemistry, hematology, and organ histology from treated mice did not show any remarkable toxicity resulting from the combination therapy. Taken together, local gene transfer of IL-13Rα2 followed by receptor-targeted IL-13 cytotoxin therapy may be applied safely and effectively to the treatment of localized breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mariko Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raj K. Puri
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Husain SR, Puri RK. Interleukin-13 receptor-directed cytotoxin for malignant glioma therapy: from bench to bedside. J Neurooncol 2004; 65:37-48. [PMID: 14649884 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026242432647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system malignant neoplasias, in particular, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have defied all current therapeutic modalities. New therapies involving tumor targeting approach are being explored. This approach relies on the identification of unique or over-expressed cell surface receptors or antigens on tumor cells. In that regard, we have identified receptor for an immune regulatory cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13), which is over-expressed on human malignant glioma cell lines and primary tumor cell cultures. To target IL-13 receptors (IL-13R) for cancer therapy, we have developed a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR or IL-13 cytotoxin). The IL-13 cytotoxin was found to be highly selective and potent in killing human GBM cells in vitro while normal cells including immune cells, endothelial cells and normal brain cells were generally spared the cytotoxic effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. This is because these cells either expressed none or expressed low levels of IL-13R. Consistent with in vitro cytotoxic activity, IL-13 cytotoxin mediated remarkable anti-tumor activity to human glioma in animal xenograft models. The direct injection of IL-13 cytotoxin into subcutaneous human GBM tumors grown in nude mice produced complete and durable regression of established tumors. Intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of IL-13 cytotoxin also reduced tumor burden significantly with fewer complete responders. All animals tolerated therapy well with minimal toxicity to vital organs. Pre-clinical safety and toxicity studies were performed in mice, rats and monkeys. Systemic administration of IL-13 cytotoxin appeared to be well tolerated at high doses (up to 50 microg/kg). Intrabrain parenchyma administration of IL-13 cytotoxin at doses up to 100 microg/ml was very well tolerated without any evidence of gross or microscopic necrosis, whereas at 500 microg/ml dose, localized necrosis was observed in normal rat brain. Based on these encouraging pre-clinical studies, three Phase I/II clinical trials in adults with malignant glioma have been initiated. The first clinical trial involves convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of IL-13 cytotoxin into recurrent malignant glioma. This route of IL-13 cytotoxin administration appears to be fairly well tolerated with no neurotoxicity. The second clinical trial involves infusion of IL-13 cytotoxin by CED following tumor resection. The initial stage of the second study assessed histologic effect of drug administered prior to resection. In third one, IL-13 cytotoxin is infused by CED followed by tumor resection. All three clinical trials are currently ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed R Husain
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kawakami K, Kawakami M, Husain SR, Puri RK. Potent antitumor activity of IL-13 cytotoxin in human pancreatic tumors engineered to express IL-13 receptor alpha2 chain in vivo. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1116-28. [PMID: 12808442 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) alpha2 chain plays a key role in ligand binding and internalization. We have recently demonstrated that this cytokine receptor chain has unique characteristics in tumor biology: it inhibits tumorigenicity of breast and pancreatic cancer in animal models. In this study, we have exploited IL-13Ralpha2 chain and established a novel approach for pancreatic cancer therapy. For this, a plasmid encoding the IL-13Ralpha2 chain gene was mixed with liposomes and injected into subcutaneously or orthotopically xenografted human pancreatic tumors in immunodeficient mice, followed by systemic or local therapy by a recombinant IL-13 cytotoxin. Only tumors forced to express IL-13Ralpha2 chain acquired extreme susceptibility to the antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. There was a dominant infiltration of cells including macrophages and natural killer cells in the regressing tumors. Since macrophages were found to produce nitric oxide, IL-13Ralpha2-targeted cancer therapy involved not only a direct tumor cell killing by IL-13 cytotoxin but also activation of innate immune response at the tumor site. Therefore, this approach may be a new powerful tool for pancreatic cancer or other localized cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
IL-13 is an immunoregulatory cytokine secreted predominantly by activated T(H)2 cells. Over the past several years, it has become evident that IL-13 is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation. IL-13 shares many functional properties with IL-4, stemming from the fact that they share a common receptor subunit, the alpha subunit of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Ralpha). Characterization of IL-13-deficient mice, IL-4-deficient mice, and IL-4 receptor alpha-deficient (IL-4Ralpha(-/-)) mice have demonstrated nonredundant roles for IL-13. IL-13 mediates its effects by interacting with a complex receptor system comprised of IL-4Ralpha and two IL-13 binding proteins, IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-13Ralpha2. IL-13 receptors are expressed on human B cells, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, respiratory epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. However, functional IL-13 receptors have not been demonstrated on human or mouse T cells. Thus unlike IL-4, IL-13 does not appear to be important in the initial differentiation of CD4 T cells into T(H)2-type cells but rather appears to be important in the effector phase of allergic inflammation. This is further supported by many in vivo observations, including that administration of IL-13 resulted in allergic inflammation, tissue-specific overexpression of IL-13 in the lungs of transgenic mice resulted in airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion, IL-13 blockade abolished allergic inflammation independently of IL-4, and IL-13 appears to be more important than IL-4 in mucus hypersecretion. Given the importance of IL-13 as an effector molecule, regulation at the level of its receptors might be an important mechanism of modulating IL-13 responses and thus propagation of the allergic response. Accordingly, IL-13 is an attractive, novel therapeutic target for pharmacologic intervention in allergic disorders. This review will summarize the current understanding of the IL-13 receptors and signaling pathways, emphasizing recent observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roy B, Bhattacharjee A, Xu B, Ford D, Maizel AL, Cathcart MK. IL‐13 signal transduction in human monocytes: phosphorylation of receptor components, association with Jaks, and phosphorylation/activation of Stats. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.3.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Roy
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio; and
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio; and
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio; and
| | - Dwayne Ford
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | - Abby L. Maizel
- Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | - Martha K. Cathcart
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio; and
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kawakami K, Husain SR, Kawakami M, Puri RK. Improved Anti-tumor Activity and Safety of Interleukin-13 Receptor Targeted Cytotoxin by Systemic Continuous Administration in Head and Neck Cancer Xenograft Model. Mol Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03402028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
17
|
Guicheux J, Palmer G, Relic B, Mezin F, Caverzasio J, Apostolides P, Gauchat JF, Gabay C, Guerne PA. Primary human articular chondrocytes, dedifferentiated chondrocytes, and synoviocytes exhibit differential responsiveness to interleukin-4: correlation with the expression pattern of the common receptor gamma chain. J Cell Physiol 2002; 192:93-101. [PMID: 12115740 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4, which exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities, is of potential therapeutic value in destructive arthropathies. To further define the response of human joint cells to IL-4, we analyzed the ability of this cytokine to modulate the effects of IL-1beta and growth factors. Freshly isolated chondrocytes, dedifferentiated chondrocytes, and synoviocytes were treated with IL-4 before determination of nitric oxide (NO) and collagenase production in response to IL-1beta, or before proliferation assays in presence of IL-1beta, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. IL-4 downregulated IL-1beta induced NO production in dedifferentiated chondrocytes and inhibited IL-1beta induced collagenase release, as well as IL-1beta and growth factor induced proliferation in dedifferentiated chondrocytes and synoviocytes. In contrast, IL-4 had no effect in freshly isolated primary chondrocytes and in cartilage explants. The lack of response to IL-4 in primary chondrocytes was associated with impaired signal transduction, as indicated by markedly decreased IL-4 dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6. It also correlated with differences in the expression pattern of IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) subunits during chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Indeed, whereas the IL-4Ralpha and IL-13Ralpha' subunits were expressed in all cell types, expression of the common receptor gamma chain was restricted to freshly isolated chondrocytes. In conclusion, IL-4 downregulated IL-1beta-induced catabolic events and cell proliferation in dedifferentiated chondrocytes and synoviocytes, but had no effects in freshly isolated chondrocytes. The difference in IL-4 responsiveness between primary and dedifferentiated chondrocytes correlated with changes in proximal signaling events and in the expression pattern of IL-4R subunits during cell dedifferentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Guicheux
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Foster PS, Martinez-Moczygemba M, Huston DP, Corry DB. Interleukins-4, -5, and -13: emerging therapeutic targets in allergic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2002; 94:253-64. [PMID: 12113801 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, allergic diseases have emerged as major public health concerns. Highly effective therapies for allergic disease now exist, but are plagued by serious side effects and the fact that a significant minority of patients remains unresponsive. Studies from many laboratories have established that T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cytokines contribute importantly to diseases such as asthma, and therapeutic strategies that target the key T(H)2 cytokines are of potential benefit in allergic disease. In this article, we will review the biology of the T(H)2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and their receptors, and will consider several novel strategies to neutralize these molecules in human and experimental asthma. While promising, newer therapies face a gauntlet of developmental challenges, but offer the hope of reducing allergic diseases once again to minor public health concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200 Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kawakami K, Kawakami M, Snoy PJ, Husain SR, Puri RK. In vivo overexpression of IL-13 receptor alpha2 chain inhibits tumorigenicity of human breast and pancreatic tumors in immunodeficient mice. J Exp Med 2001; 194:1743-54. [PMID: 11748276 PMCID: PMC2193574 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.12.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13R(alpha)2) chain is highly expressed on some tumor cell lines and primary cell cultures. This receptor chain plays an important role in ligand binding and internalization. To determine the functional significance of overexpression of this chain, we stably transfected IL-13R(alpha)2 chain in human breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (PANC-1) cancer cell lines that naturally do not express this chain. There was no difference in growth between vector only transfected and IL-13R(alpha)2 chain transfected cells in vitro. However, surprisingly, in immunodeficient mice, tumorigenicity was profoundly inhibited in IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors. Because breast tumors that grew later showed loss of IL-13R(alpha)2 gene expression, lack of tumorigenicity correlated positively with IL-13R(alpha)2 chain expression. Inflammatory cells including neutrophils and macrophages were identified in IL-13R(alpha)2 overexpressing regressing tumors and neutrophils were found to produce IL-13. IL-13 showed a modest antitumor activity to IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, IL-13R(alpha)2 chain overexpressing tumors constitutively produced IL-8 that has been shown to have antitumor effect. These results establish a novel function of a cytokine receptor chain and further suggest that the presence of this chain on tumor cells by itself may play a key role in tumorigenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kawakami K, Husain SR, Bright RK, Puri RK. Gene transfer of interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 chain dramatically enhances the antitumor effect of IL-13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin in human prostate cancer xenografts. Cancer Gene Ther 2001; 8:861-8. [PMID: 11773976 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IL-13Ralpha2 chain, the primary interleukin-13 (IL-13) binding protein, plays an important role in IL-13 binding and internalization. Based on these findings, in our previous study we transiently transfected four cancer cell lines that do not express IL-13Ralpha2 chain and demonstrated that these cells acquired increased sensitivity to IL-13 receptor-targeted recombinant cytotoxin, IL13-PE38QQR, which is composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of a Pseudomonas exotoxin. Although some prostate cancer cell lines express functional IL-13R, they are not highly sensitive to IL-13 cytotoxin. Here we investigated whether human prostate cancer and normal prostate epithelial cell lines express IL-13Ralpha2 chain and whether they can be sensitized to the cytotoxic effect of IL-13 cytotoxin after transient or stable gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 chain. Gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 chain improved binding activity of IL-13 and sensitivity to IL-13 cytotoxin in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 chain dramatically enhanced the antitumor activity of IL-13 cytotoxin in human prostate cancer xenograft models. These results suggest that IL-13R-targeted cytotoxin therapy of prostate cancer may be dramatically enhanced by gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 chain and this strategy, the combination of gene therapy and cytotoxin therapy, may be utilized in the treatment of localized prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bernard J, Treton D, Vermot-Desroches C, Boden C, Horellou P, Angevin E, Galanaud P, Wijdenes J, Richard Y. Expression of interleukin 13 receptor in glioma and renal cell carcinoma: IL13Ralpha2 as a decoy receptor for IL13. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1223-31. [PMID: 11555670 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells express high affinity interleukin 13 (IL13) binding sites, but only RCC cell proliferation was inhibited by IL13. Both of these two cell types are IL2-receptor (gamma)c chain-negative. We thus used these cell models to investigate the patterns of expression of IL13Ralpha1, IL13Ralpha2, and IL4Ralpha chains and the role of IL13Ralpha2 in the response to IL13. Using new specific antibodies and flow cytometry, we observed a similar surface expression of IL4Ralpha and IL13Ralpha1 chains in most RCC and glioma cells, whereas IL13Ralpha2 was only present on five of six glioma cell lines. In all glioma cell lines, the amount of IL13Ralpha2 expression was 10 to 30 times higher than that of the two other chains. Although there was no surface or intracellular expression of IL13Ralpha2, its mRNA was detected in three of seven RCC cell lines. The expression on RCC cells of IL13Ralpha2 mRNA and/or that of high-affinity IL13 binding sites is not sufficient to predict IL13Ralpha2 protein expression. Blocking experiments showed that IL4 and IL13 strongly inhibited RCC cell proliferation through a unique receptor composed of IL4Ralpha and IL13Ralpha1 chains. Using RCC cells stably transfected with IL13Ralpha2 cDNA, we showed that the overexpression of IL13Ralpha2 decreased the response to IL13 but not that to IL4. Our results demonstrate that IL13Ralpha2 acts as a decoy receptor for IL13 and that it may exert a tight regulation of IL13 activity without impairing the IL4 response of the same cell target.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Central Nervous System Neoplasms/metabolism
- Glioma/metabolism
- Interleukin-13/pharmacology
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-13
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/physiology
- Tissue Extracts/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bernard
- INSERM U 131, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, Clamart, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oshima Y, Puri RK. Suppression of an IL-13 autocrine growth loop in a human Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg tumor cell line by a novel IL-13 antagonist. Cell Immunol 2001; 211:37-42. [PMID: 11585386 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 has been proposed to be an autocrine growth factor for Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg tumor cells (H/RS cells). Since we have recently identified and produced a novel IL-13 antagonist (IL-13E13K) that can suppress the biological activity of IL-13, here we examined whether IL-13E13K can inhibit growth of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)-derived cell lines. IL-13E13K not only inhibited the growth of an unstimulated H/RS cell line (L1236) but also cells that were stimulated by exogenous IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner. Several HL-derived cell lines expressed IL-13 message and protein and message for various chains of IL-13R. H/RS cell lines expressed mRNA for the IL-13R alpha 1, IL-4R alpha, and IL-2R gamma chains. However, none of these cell lines expressed the IL-13R alpha 2 chain. An H/RS cell line (L1236) internalized the ligand-receptor complex after binding to a fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (IL-13-PE38QQR, or IL-13 cytotoxin), as IL-13 cytotoxin was specifically cytotoxic to H/RS cells in vitro. These results indicate that IL-13E13K and IL-13 cytotoxin can effectively suppress growth of a L1236 H/RS cell line. Therefore, additional studies should be performed to determine the expression of IL-13 and IL-13R in primary clinical samples of Hodgkin's lymphoma and both agents should be further tested in vitro and in vivo as possible therapeutic agents for HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima
- The Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Drive, NIH Building 29B, Room 2NN10, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kawakami K, Takeshita F, Puri RK. Identification of distinct roles for a dileucine and a tyrosine internalization motif in the interleukin (IL)-13 binding component IL-13 receptor alpha 2 chain. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:25114-20. [PMID: 11352909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100936200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) chain is an essential binding component for IL-13-mediated ligand binding. Recently, we have demonstrated that this receptor chain also plays an important role in the internalization of IL-13. To study the mechanism of IL-13 internalization, we generated mutated IL-13Ralpha2 chains that targeted trileucine residues (Leu(335), Leu(336), and Leu(337)) in the transmembrane domain and a tyrosine motif (Tyr(343)) in the intracellular domain and transfected these cDNAs in COS-7 cells. Cells that expressed a C-terminally truncated IL-13Ralpha2 chain (Delta335) did not bind IL-13, suggesting that the trileucine region modulates IL-13 binding. Truncation of IL-13Ralpha2 chain with a mutation in the trileucine region resulted in significantly decreased internalization compared with wild type IL-13Ralpha2 chain transfected cells. COS-7 cells transfected with tyrosine motif mutants exhibited a similar internalization level compared with wild type IL-13Ralpha2 chain transfected cells; however, dissociation of cell surface IL-13 was faster compared with wild type IL-13Ralpha2 transfectants. These results were further confirmed by determining the cytotoxicity of a chimeric protein composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR) to cells that expressed IL-13Ralpha2 chain mutants. We further demonstrate that the IL-13Ralpha2 chain is not ubiquitinated and that internalization of IL-13Ralpha2 did not depend on ubiquitination. Together, our findings suggest that the dileucine motif in the trileucine region and tyrosine motif participate in IL-13Ralpha2 internalization in distinct manners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oshima Y, Puri RK. Characterization of a powerful high affinity antagonist that inhibits biological activities of human interleukin-13. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:15185-91. [PMID: 11278629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010159200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13), a predominantly Th2-derived cytokine, appears to play a central pathological role in asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, some parasitic infections, and cancer. We hypothesized that an IL-13 antagonist may have profound therapeutic utility in these conditions. We, therefore, mutagenized human IL-13 in which Glu at position 13 was substituted by a Lys residue. This highly purified recombinant IL-13 variant, IL-13E13K, bound with 4-fold higher affinity to the IL-13 receptor than wild-type IL-13 but retained no detectable proliferative activity on the TF-1 hematopoietic cell line. IL-13E13K competitively inhibited IL-13- and IL-4-dependent TF-1 proliferation. It also inhibited IL-13-induced STAT-6 (signal transduction and activator of transducer-6) activation in immune cells and cancer cells and reversed IL-13-induced inhibition of CD14 expression on human primary monocytes. These results demonstrate that high affinity binding and signal generation can be uncoupled efficiently in a ligand receptor interaction. These results also suggest that IL-13E13K may be a useful antagonist for the treatment of allergic, inflammatory, and parasitic diseases or even malignancies in which IL-13 plays a central role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kawakami K, Taguchi J, Murata T, Puri RK. The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain: an essential component for binding and internalization but not for interleukin-13-induced signal transduction through the STAT6 pathway. Blood 2001; 97:2673-9. [PMID: 11313257 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.9.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) complex is composed of 2 different chains, IL-13Ralpha1 (also known as IL-13Ralpha') and IL-13Ralpha2 (also known as IL-13Ralpha). For a functional IL-13 receptor, the IL-13Ralpha1 chain forms a productive complex with the primary IL-4 binding protein (IL-4Ralpha also known as IL-4Rbeta). However, the function of the IL-13Ralpha2 chain is not clear even though this chain binds IL-13 with high affinity. This study demonstrates that IL-13Ralpha2 can undergo internalization after binding to ligand without causing activation of its signaling pathways. These conclusions were drawn on the basis of (1) internalization of (125)I-IL-13 in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO-K1) and T98G glioblastoma cells transiently transfected with the IL-13Ralpha2 chain; (2) a recombinant chimeric fusion protein comprising IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (termed IL13-PE38QQR or IL-13 toxin) is specifically cytotoxic to IL-13Ralpha2-transfected CHO-K1 cells in a gene dose-dependent manner, whereas cells transfected with vector alone were not sensitive; and (3) IL-13 did not cause activation of signal transduction and activation of transcription 6 (STAT6) in IL-13Ralpha2-transfected cells. IL-13 efficiently caused activation of STAT6 protein in cells transfected with the IL-13Ralpha1 and IL-4Ralpha chains, and IL-13Ralpha2 inhibited this activation. Taken together, these observations indicate that internalization of IL-13Ralpha2 is signal independent and that this property of IL-13Ralpha2 can be exploited for receptor-directed cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Doucet C, Jasmin C, Azzarone B. Unusual interleukin-4 and -13 signaling in human normal and tumor lung fibroblasts. Oncogene 2000; 19:5898-905. [PMID: 11127821 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IL-4 and IL-13 act on human lung fibroblasts through specific receptors differing in their composition. Indeed, the gammac chain is constitutively expressed in tumor lung myofibroblast but not in normal cells. Here, we have analysed the signal transduction induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in both cell types, in order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor stromal development. The IL-4Ralpha chain is constitutively phosphorylated and pre-associated with the JAK1 protein in both cell types. In normal cells, we detected the activation of the classic IRS-2 or JAK1/STAT6 pathways, the phosphorylation of JAK2, while Tyk2 was constitutively phosphorylated and not modified by both cytokines. In addition to these pathways, in lung tumor myofibroblasts, IL-4 and IL-13 induced the phosphorylation of JAK3 and increased the phosphorylation of Tyk2. Interestingly, in both cell types IL-4 and IL-13 triggered an unusual pattern of STAT1 and STAT3 activation. These events probably correspond to a tissue-specific signaling important for the immunoregulatory functions of airways fibroblasts. Indeed, the inflammatory-like pattern of STATs signaling triggered by IL-4 and IL-13 in these cells may favor the homing of inflammatory and/or metastatic cells. In lung myofibroblasts, these properties could be modified through the different pattern of JAK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Doucet
- INSERM U268, H pital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kawakami K, Joshi BH, Puri RK. Sensitization of cancer cells to interleukin 13-pseudomonas exotoxin-induced cell death by gene transfer of interleukin 13 receptor alpha chain. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:1829-35. [PMID: 10986556 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that primary interleukin 13 (IL-13) binding protein IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) alpha chain plays an important role in IL-13 binding and internalization in the IL-13R system. Although IL-13R alpha chain is expressed on many cancer cell lines, some cancer types do not express or express low levels of this receptor chain. Consequently, these cells show no or low sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of a recombinant chimeric protein composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of a Pseudomonas exotoxin, IL13-PE38QQR. Here we demonstrate that pancreatic cancer, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and glioblastoma cell lines that were genetically altered to express high levels of IL-13R alpha chain increase their binding affinity for IL-13, and increase their sensitivity to IL13-PE38QQR by at least 6-fold to 1000-fold compared with mock-transfected control cells. This observation was made by protein synthesis inhibition assay and confirmed by clonogenic assay. Our studies provide a proof of principle for a novel strategy for cancer therapy that combines gene transfer and targeted cytotoxin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oshima Y, Joshi BH, Puri RK. Conversion of interleukin-13 into a high affinity agonist by a single amino acid substitution. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:14375-80. [PMID: 10799519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.19.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We created a novel mutated form of human interleukin-13 (IL-13) in which a positively charged arginine (R) at position 112 was substituted to a negatively charged aspartic acid (D). This mutant, termed IL-13R112D, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. IL-13R112D was found to be a potent IL-13 agonist with 5-10-fold improved binding affinity to IL-13 receptors compared with wild-type IL-13 (wtIL-13). The conclusion of IL-13 agonist activity was drawn on the basis of approximately 10-fold improved activity over wtIL-13 in several assays: (a) inhibition of CD14 expression in primary monocytes; (b) proliferation of TF-1 and B9 cell lines; and (c) activation of STAT6 in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cells, primary monocytes, and THP-1 monocytic cell line. Furthermore, mutant IL-13R112D neutralized the cytotoxic activity of a chimeric fusion protein composed of wtIL-13 and a Pseudomonas exotoxin A (IL-13-PE38) approximately 10 times better than wtIL-13. Based on these results, it was concluded that IL-13R112D interacts with much stronger affinity than wtIL-13 on all cell types tested and that Arg-112 plays an important role in the interaction with its receptors (IL-13R). Thus, these results suggest that IL-13R112D may be a useful ligand for the study of IL-13 interaction with its receptors or, alternatively, in designing specific targeted agents for IL-13R-positive malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Oshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ford D, Sheehan C, Girasole C, Priester R, Kouttab N, Tigges J, King TC, Luciani A, Morgan JW, Maizel AL. The Human B Cell Response to IL-13 Is Dependent on Cellular Phenotype as Well as Mode of Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Normal mature quiescent human B lymphocytes, isolated as a function of buoyant density, require activation for up-regulation of IL-13R constituents. Cell activation through a combination of surface Ig and CD40 receptor ligation leads to the most substantial message production for IL-13Rα1. Functional consequences of this receptor variation, in initially quiescent cells, includes demonstrable effects on cellular proliferation in response to ligand exposure. Variations in the method of surface activation, with particular emphasis on the CD40 receptor, reveals that immobilized CD40 ligand may be sufficient, in and of itself, to up-regulate IL-13Rα1, which may bear significance for B-lymphocyte bystander proliferation. Regulation of the IL-13Rα1 protein and message also differs as a function of cellular phenotype. Although values are greater in memory than naive B cells, as they are initially isolated from extirpated tonsils, variations in the magnitude of message and protein, as a function of surface stimulation, are more substantial in the naive subset. The magnitude of variation in message production in naive cells is associated with a more vigorous proliferative response to IL-13 than seen in memory lymphocytes. The cellular response to IL-13, as a function of activation and phenotype, is the converse of that demonstrated for IL-2. Evaluation of proliferation, receptor message, ligand binding protein production, and the response to putatively synergistic cytokines reveals that IL-2 is the predominant lymphokine utilized by memory cells. This is in contradistinction to IL-13, which along with IL-4, are the predominant moieties for naive lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwayne Ford
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Catherine Sheehan
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Christopher Girasole
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Rory Priester
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Nicola Kouttab
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - John Tigges
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Thomas C. King
- † Lifespan Health Care System, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02908
| | - Andrea Luciani
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - John W. Morgan
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Abby L. Maizel
- * Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hart PH, Bonder CS, Balogh J, Dickensheets HL, Vazquez N, Davies KV, Finlay-Jones JJ, Donnelly RP. Diminished responses to IL-13 by human monocytes differentiated in vitro: role of the IL-13Ralpha1 chain and STAT6. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:2087-97. [PMID: 10427971 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199907)29:07<2087::aid-immu2087>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The primary IL-13 receptor complex on human monocytes is believed to be a heterodimer comprised of the IL-4R alpha chain and the IL-2R gamma chain (gamma(c))-like molecule, IL-13R alpha1. mRNA levels for IL-13R alpha1, but not IL-4R alpha, were markedly decreased in in vitro monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMac), and with increasing time of monocytes in culture correlated with the loss of IL-13 regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production. Analysis of cell lines Daudi and THP-1 that differentially express gamma(c) and IL-13R alpha1 showed that IL-13 can activate STAT6 in IL-13R alpha1-positive THP-1 cells but not in gamma(c)-positive, IL-13R alpha1-negative Daudi cells. IL-13 activation of STAT6 was reduced in MDMac which was associated with diminished IL-13-induced expression of CD23 and MHC class II. However, with reduced IL-13R alpha1 expression and low nuclear STAT6 activity, some IL-13-induced responses were unaltered in magnitude in MDMac. In the absence of functional IL-13R alpha1 and gamma(c), IL-13 must signal through an alternative receptor complex on MDMac. Experiments with a blocking antibody to IL-4R alpha showed that this chain remains an essential component of the IL-13 receptor complex on MDMac.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-13/metabolism
- Interleukin-13/pharmacology
- Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit
- Interleukin-4/pharmacology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, IgE/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-13
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/metabolism
- STAT6 Transcription Factor
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Hart
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuznetsov VA, Puri RK. Kinetic analysis of high affinity forms of interleukin (IL)-13 receptors: suppression of IL-13 binding by IL-2 receptor gamma chain. Biophys J 1999; 77:154-72. [PMID: 10388747 PMCID: PMC1300319 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(99)76879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine that controls growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of immune and tumor cells. To understand the mechanisms of interaction between IL-13 and IL-13 receptors (IL-13R), and the role of the IL-2 receptor common gamma chain (gammac) in IL-13 binding and processing, we have examined IL-13 binding kinetics, dissociation/shedding, and internalization in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. We observed a new phenomena in that the apparent rate of association, but not the dissociation, was strongly related to IL-13 concentration. We also observed cooperativity phenomena in IL-13 and IL-13R interaction in control RCC (MLneo) cells, but not in cells transfected with gammac chain (MLgammac). The number of IL-13 binding sites, the effective rate of ligand association, and the dissociation rate constants were reduced in gammac-transfected cells compared to control RCC cells. Two forms of IL-13R were detected in these cell lines, which differed in the kinetics of endocytosis and dissociation/exocytosis. Only a small fraction of bound receptors (14-24%) was rapidly internalized and the same fraction of the ligand-receptor complexes was shed and/or dissociated. The expression of gammac chain did not change any of these processes. A two independent high-affinity and moderate-affinity receptor model fit the kinetic observations in gammac-transfected cells. However, in control cells, the binding kinetics were more complicated. A mathematical model that fit a set of kinetic and steady state data in control cells was selected from a set of possible models. This best-fit model predicts that 1) two different IL-13R are expressed on the cell membrane, 2) a minor fraction of IL-13R exist as microclusters (homodimers and/or heterodimers) without exogenous IL-13, 3) high morphological complexity of the gammac-negative control cell membrane affects the cooperativity phenomena of IL-13 binding, and 4) a large number of co-receptor molecules is present, which helps keep the ligand on the cell surface for a long period of time after fast IL-13 binding and provides a negative control for ligand binding via production of the high affinity inhibitor bound to IL-13. Our data demonstrate that gammac exerts dramatic changes in the kinetic mechanisms of IL-13 binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Kuznetsov
- Laboratory of Mathematical ImmunoBiophysics, Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Str. 4/8, Moscow 117977, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roy B, Cathcart MK. Induction of 15-lipoxygenase expression by IL-13 requires tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2 and Tyk2 in human monocytes. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:32023-9. [PMID: 9822675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.48.32023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) participates in the dioxygenation of polyenoic fatty acids. This activity leads to the degradation of mitochondrial membranes during reticulocyte differentiation, the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators by a variety of cell types, and the oxidation of lipids in atherosclerotic lesions. The cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are reported to induce the expression of 15-LO in human peripheral blood monocytes. In this report we explore the signaling mechanisms involved in the IL-13-mediated induction of 15-LO expression. First we demonstrate that the delayed induction of 15-LO requires continuous stimulation of monocytes for a minimum period of 12 h. We also found that tyrosine kinase inhibitors blocked the induction of 15-LO in a dose-dependent manner. By immunoprecipitation and antiphosphotyrosine blotting experiments, IL-13 was shown to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak2 and Tyk2, but not Jak1 or Jak3, within 5 min of treatment in human monocytes. To investigate whether the early induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of both Jak2 and Tyk2 was ultimately involved in 15-LO expression, we generated antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) against Tyk2 and Jak2. We employed a cationic lipid-mediated delivery technique to transfect the monocytes and found that both antisense ODNs inhibited expression of their target proteins by 75-85%. The treatments were specific and did not affect the expression of each other. Furthermore, the antisense ODNs to Jak2 and Tyk2 both inhibited the induction of expression of 15-LO in monocytes treated with IL-13. Parallel experiments with sense ODNs to Jak2 and Tyk2 did not affect their protein levels or the induction of 15-LO by IL-13, and down-regulation of Jak1 also did not affect expression of 15-LO. Our results suggest the novel finding that IL-13 can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of both Jak2 and Tyk2 in primary human monocytes. This occurs as an early and essential signal transduction event for the IL-13-mediated induction of 15-LO expression. These data represent the first characterization of upstream kinases involved in the induced expression of 15-LO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Roy
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Manna SK, Aggarwal BB. IL-13 Suppresses TNF-Induced Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB, Activation Protein-1, and Apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.6.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-13 is known to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF. Whether IL-13 also modulates the biologic effects of TNF is not known. In the present report we examined the effect of IL-13 on TNF-induced activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-κB and activation protein-1 (AP-1) and apoptosis. Pretreatment of cells with IL-13 blocked TNF-induced NF-κB activation, nuclear translocation of p65 subunit, and degradation of IκBα. IL-13 also inhibited NF-κB activation by LPS, okadaic acid, H2O2, and ceramide. TNF-induced NF-κB-dependent gene transcription was also blocked by IL-13. TNF-induced activation of another nuclear transcription factor, AP-1, was suppressed by IL-13. The activation of N-terminal c-Jun kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, implicated in the regulation of AP-1 and NF-κB, was also down-regulated by IL-13. TNF-mediated cytotoxicity and activation of caspase-3 were abolished by IL-13. The inhibitory effects of IL-13 on TNF were sensitive to H-7, neomycin, and wortmannin, suggesting that the pathway consisting of protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and phospholipase C must be involved in IL-13 signaling. Thus, overall, these results demonstrate that IL-13 is a potent inhibitor of TNF-mediated activation of NF-κB, AP-1, and apoptosis, which may contribute to its previously described immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Manna
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ogata H, Ford D, Kouttab N, King TC, Vita N, Minty A, Stoeckler J, Morgan D, Girasole C, Morgan JW, Maizel AL. Regulation of interleukin-13 receptor constituents on mature human B lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:9864-71. [PMID: 9545327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.16.9864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human B cells stimulated through both their immunoglobulin and CD40 receptors up-regulate 745 +/- 51 interleukin (IL)-13 ligand binding sites with an affinity of 0.91 +/- 0.08 nM within 24 h. IL-13 binds primarily to the IL-13Ralpha1 with subsequent sequestration of the IL-4Ralpha into the complex. IL-13Ralpha1 may also be found in those receptors capable of binding IL-4. gamma chain (gammac) participates in receptors capable of binding IL-4 but is not found in association with bound IL-13. Dimeric receptors composed of the IL-4Ralpha complexed with either the IL-13Ralpha1 or gammac occur simultaneously within defined B cell populations. mRNAs for all receptor constituents are increased subsequent to immunoglobulin stimulation alone, while maximal expression of IL-13Ralpha1 is more dependent upon co-stimulation of immunoglobulin and CD40 receptors. mRNA levels for IL-13Ralpha1 vary over a wider range subsequent to surface stimulation than other receptor components. Although gammac is not bound to IL-13 in B cells under the conditions evaluated, it may influence IL-13 binding by competing with IL-13Ralpha1 for association/sequestration with the IL-4Ralpha chain. IL-13Ralpha2 does not participate in the IL-13 receptor that is up-regulated upon activation of quiescent tonsillar B lymphocytes, although mRNA for the protein may be found in the centroblastic fraction of tonsillar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ogata
- Roger Williams Medical Center/Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Murata T, Obiri NI, Debinski W, Puri RK. Structure of IL-13 receptor: analysis of subunit composition in cancer and immune cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 238:90-4. [PMID: 9299458 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The structure of IL-13 receptor (IL-13R) is currently under investigation. Recently, two different human IL-13R chains, termed here IL-13R alpha and -alpha' have been cloned. We have examined various cancer and normal cell lines for the presence of mRNA for IL-13R alpha and alpha, as well as IL-4R p140 (termed beta chain) and IL-2R gamma c chains. In renal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma and ovarian carcinoma (IGROV-1) cell lines, both IL-13R alpha and alpha chains were expressed (type I IL-13R). In epidermoid, colon, ovarian adenocarcinoma (PA-1) and normal mouse fibroblast (COS7) cell lines, only IL-13R alpha' was expressed (type II IL-13R). In hematopoietic TF-1 and EBV-immortalized normal B cell lines only IL-13R alpha' but not alpha chain was expressed along with gamma c (type III or type IV IL-13R). IL-13R alpha' chain was faintly detected in human T cells. All cells expressed the IL-4Rp140 beta chain. These data provide a direct support for our model of IL-13R which consists of three different forms composed of different subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Murata
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|