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Takasaki K, Chou ST. GATA1 in Normal and Pathologic Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:261-287. [PMID: 39017848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
GATA1 is a highly conserved hematopoietic transcription factor (TF), essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, that encodes a full-length, predominant isoform and an amino (N) terminus-truncated isoform GATA1s. It is consistently expressed throughout megakaryocyte development and interacts with its target genes either independently or in association with binding partners such as FOG1 (friend of GATA1). While the N-terminus and zinc finger have classically been demonstrated to be necessary for the normal regulation of platelet-specific genes, murine models, cell-line studies, and human case reports indicate that the carboxy-terminal activation domain and zinc finger also play key roles in precisely controlling megakaryocyte growth, proliferation, and maturation. Murine models have shown that disruptions to GATA1 increase the proliferation of immature megakaryocytes with abnormal architecture and impaired terminal differentiation into platelets. In humans, germline GATA1 mutations result in variable cytopenias, including macrothrombocytopenia with abnormal platelet aggregation and excessive bleeding tendencies, while acquired GATA1s mutations in individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) result in transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) arising from a megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP). Taken together, GATA1 plays a key role in regulating megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, and proliferative capacity. As sequencing and proteomic technologies expand, additional GATA1 mutations and regulatory mechanisms contributing to human diseases of megakaryocytes and platelets are likely to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Takasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Dong X, Dong S, Pan S, Zhan X. RNA-combine: a toolkit for comprehensive analyses on transcriptome data from different sequencing platforms. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:26. [PMID: 34991454 PMCID: PMC8740077 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the transcriptome has become an essential step towards the full interpretation of the biological function of a cell, a tissue or even an organ. Many tools are available for either processing, analysing transcriptome data, or visualizing analysis results. However, most existing tools are limited to data from a single sequencing platform and only several of them could handle more than one analysis module, which are far from enough to meet the requirements of users, especially those without advanced programming skills. Hence, we still lack an open-source toolkit that enables both bioinformatician and non-bioinformatician users to process and analyze the large transcriptome data from different sequencing platforms and visualize the results. Results We present a Linux-based toolkit, RNA-combine, to automatically perform the quality assessment, downstream analysis of the transcriptome data generated from different sequencing platforms, including bulk RNA-seq (Illumina platform), single cell RNA-seq (10x Genomics) and Iso-Seq (PacBio) and visualization of the results. Besides, this toolkit is implemented with at least 10 analysis modules more than other toolkits examined in this study. Source codes of RNA-combine are available on GitHub: https://github.com/dongxuemin666/RNA-combine. Conclusion Our results suggest that RNA-combine is a reliable tool for transcriptome data processing and result interpretation for both bioinformaticians and non-bioinformaticians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shengkai Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiangjiang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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3
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Ren X, Wen W, Fan X, Hou W, Su B, Cai P, Li J, Liu Y, Tang F, Zhang F, Yang Y, He J, Ma W, He J, Wang P, Cao Q, Chen F, Chen Y, Cheng X, Deng G, Deng X, Ding W, Feng Y, Gan R, Guo C, Guo W, He S, Jiang C, Liang J, Li YM, Lin J, Ling Y, Liu H, Liu J, Liu N, Liu SQ, Luo M, Ma Q, Song Q, Sun W, Wang G, Wang F, Wang Y, Wen X, Wu Q, Xu G, Xie X, Xiong X, Xing X, Xu H, Yin C, Yu D, Yu K, Yuan J, Zhang B, Zhang P, Zhang T, Zhao J, Zhao P, Zhou J, Zhou W, Zhong S, Zhong X, Zhang S, Zhu L, Zhu P, Zou B, Zou J, Zuo Z, Bai F, Huang X, Zhou P, Jiang Q, Huang Z, Bei JX, Wei L, Bian XW, Liu X, Cheng T, Li X, Zhao P, Wang FS, Wang H, Su B, Zhang Z, Qu K, Wang X, Chen J, Jin R, Zhang Z. COVID-19 immune features revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas. Cell 2021; 184:1895-1913.e19. [PMID: 33657410 PMCID: PMC7857060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A dysfunctional immune response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is a recurrent theme impacting symptoms and mortality, yet a detailed understanding of pertinent immune cells is not complete. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 284 samples from 196 COVID-19 patients and controls and created a comprehensive immune landscape with 1.46 million cells. The large dataset enabled us to identify that different peripheral immune subtype changes are associated with distinct clinical features, including age, sex, severity, and disease stages of COVID-19. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was found in diverse epithelial and immune cell types, accompanied by dramatic transcriptomic changes within virus-positive cells. Systemic upregulation of S100A8/A9, mainly by megakaryocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood, may contribute to the cytokine storms frequently observed in severe patients. Our data provide a rich resource for understanding the pathogenesis of and developing effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Ren
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen Wen
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenhong Hou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Jiesheng Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiangping He
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Wenji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Qiqi Cao
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Fangjin Chen
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuelian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine and Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Guohong Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xilong Deng
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rui Gan
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Weiqiang Guo
- Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China
| | - Shuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Juanran Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yi-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201052, China
| | - Haofei Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Nianping Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qibing Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wujianan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - GaoXiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine and Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xinxin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xudong Xing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Chonghai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Kezhuo Yu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine and Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), and Department of Pathology, the First Hospital Affiliated to USTC, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Peidong Zhao
- Analytical Biosciences Beijing Limited, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Sujuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhong
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine and Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jiahua Zou
- Cancer Center, Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Zengtao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China.
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), and Department of Pathology, the First Hospital Affiliated to USTC, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Xindong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), and Department of Pathology, the First Hospital Affiliated to USTC, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology and National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine and Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Xiangpan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Medical Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China.
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China.
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230021, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiekai Chen
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health GuangDong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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4
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Stumpf PS, Du X, Imanishi H, Kunisaki Y, Semba Y, Noble T, Smith RCG, Rose-Zerili M, West JJ, Oreffo ROC, Farrahi K, Niranjan M, Akashi K, Arai F, MacArthur BD. Transfer learning efficiently maps bone marrow cell types from mouse to human using single-cell RNA sequencing. Commun Biol 2020; 3:736. [PMID: 33277618 PMCID: PMC7718277 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research often involves conducting experiments on model organisms in the anticipation that the biology learnt will transfer to humans. Previous comparative studies of mouse and human tissues were limited by the use of bulk-cell material. Here we show that transfer learning-the branch of machine learning that concerns passing information from one domain to another-can be used to efficiently map bone marrow biology between species, using data obtained from single-cell RNA sequencing. We first trained a multiclass logistic regression model to recognize different cell types in mouse bone marrow achieving equivalent performance to more complex artificial neural networks. Furthermore, it was able to identify individual human bone marrow cells with 83% overall accuracy. However, some human cell types were not easily identified, indicating important differences in biology. When re-training the mouse classifier using data from human, less than 10 human cells of a given type were needed to accurately learn its representation. In some cases, human cell identities could be inferred directly from the mouse classifier via zero-shot learning. These results show how simple machine learning models can be used to reconstruct complex biology from limited data, with broad implications for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Stumpf
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Xin Du
- Electronics and Computer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Haruka Imanishi
- Kyushu University, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Semba
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Timothy Noble
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rosanna C G Smith
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew Rose-Zerili
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jonathan J West
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Katayoun Farrahi
- Electronics and Computer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mahesan Niranjan
- Electronics and Computer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumio Arai
- Kyushu University, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ben D MacArthur
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK.
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5
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Wang L, Nie R, Yu Z, Xin R, Zheng C, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Cai J. An interpretable deep-learning architecture of capsule networks for identifying cell-type gene expression programs from single-cell RNA-sequencing data. NAT MACH INTELL 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-020-00244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Bhatlekar S, Manne BK, Basak I, Edelstein LC, Tugolukova E, Stoller ML, Cody MJ, Morley SC, Nagalla S, Weyrich AS, Rowley JW, O'Connell RM, Rondina MT, Campbell RA, Bray PF. miR-125a-5p regulates megakaryocyte proplatelet formation via the actin-bundling protein L-plastin. Blood 2020; 136:1760-1772. [PMID: 32844999 PMCID: PMC7544541 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is heritability to interindividual variation in platelet count, and better understanding of the regulating genetic factors may provide insights for thrombopoiesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression in health and disease, and megakaryocytes (MKs) deficient in miRs have lower platelet counts, but information about the role of miRs in normal human MK and platelet production is limited. Using genome-wide miR profiling, we observed strong correlations among human bone marrow MKs, platelets, and differentiating cord blood-derived MK cultures, and identified MK miR-125a-5p as associated with human platelet number but not leukocyte or hemoglobin levels. Overexpression and knockdown studies showed that miR-125a-5p positively regulated human MK proplatelet (PP) formation in vitro. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p in vivo lowered murine platelet counts. Analyses of MK and platelet transcriptomes identified LCP1 as a miR-125a-5p target. LCP1 encodes the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, not previously studied in MKs. We show that miR-125a-5p directly targets and reduces expression of MK L-plastin. Overexpression and knockdown studies show that L-plastin promotes MK progenitor migration, but negatively correlates with human platelet count and inhibits MK PP formation (PPF). This work provides the first evidence for the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, as a regulator of human MK PPF via inhibition of the late-stage MK invagination system, podosome and PPF, and PP branching. We also provide resources of primary and differentiating MK transcriptomes and miRs associated with platelet counts. miR-125a-5p and L-plastin may be relevant targets for increasing in vitro platelet manufacturing and for managing quantitative platelet disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bhatlekar
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bhanu K Manne
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Indranil Basak
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Leonard C Edelstein
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emilia Tugolukova
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Mark J Cody
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sharon C Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Srikanth Nagalla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, and
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VAMC GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT; and
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of General Internal Medicine and
| | - Paul F Bray
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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7
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Chen YC, Suresh A, Underbayev C, Sun C, Singh K, Seifuddin F, Wiestner A, Pirooznia M. IKAP-Identifying K mAjor cell Population groups in single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz121. [PMID: 31574155 PMCID: PMC6771546 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, clustering cells into groups and differentiating cell groups by differentially expressed (DE) genes are 2 separate steps for investigating cell identity. However, the ability to differentiate between cell groups could be affected by clustering. This interdependency often creates a bottleneck in the analysis pipeline, requiring researchers to repeat these 2 steps multiple times by setting different clustering parameters to identify a set of cell groups that are more differentiated and biologically relevant. FINDINGS To accelerate this process, we have developed IKAP-an algorithm to identify major cell groups and improve differentiating cell groups by systematically tuning parameters for clustering. We demonstrate that, with default parameters, IKAP successfully identifies major cell types such as T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and monocytes in 2 peripheral blood mononuclear cell datasets and recovers major cell types in a previously published mouse cortex dataset. These major cell groups identified by IKAP present more distinguishing DE genes compared with cell groups generated by different combinations of clustering parameters. We further show that cell subtypes can be identified by recursively applying IKAP within identified major cell types, thereby delineating cell identities in a multi-layered ontology. CONCLUSIONS By tuning the clustering parameters to identify major cell groups, IKAP greatly improves the automation of single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis to produce distinguishing DE genes and refine cell ontology using single-cell RNA-sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ching Chen
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abhilash Suresh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chingiz Underbayev
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Clare Sun
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fayaz Seifuddin
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian Wiestner
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Cui S, Zhao Y, Craft S, Fikrig E, You F. ELF4 facilitates innate host defenses against Plasmodium by activating transcription of Pf4 and Ppbp. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7787-7796. [PMID: 30898878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is an anti-Plasmodium component of platelets. It is expressed in megakaryocytes and released from platelets following infection with Plasmodium Innate immunity is crucial for the host anti-Plasmodium response, in which type I interferon plays an important role. Whether there is cross-talk between innate immune signaling and the production of anti-Plasmodium defense peptides is unknown. Here we demonstrate that E74, like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4), a type I interferon activator, can help protect the host from Plasmodium yoelii infection. Mechanically, ELF4 binds to the promoter of genes of two C-X-C chemokines, Pf4 and pro-platelet basic protein (Ppbp), initiating the transcription of these two genes, thereby enhancing PF4-mediated killing of parasites from infected erythrocytes. Elf4 -/- mice are much more susceptible to Plasmodium infection than WT littermates. The expression level of Pf4 and Ppbp in megakaryocytes from Elf4 -/- mice is much lower than in those from control animals, resulting in increased parasitemia. In conclusion, our study uncovered a distinct role of ELF4, an innate immune molecule, in host defense against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- From the Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China 100191
| | - Zeming Zhang
- From the Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China 100191
| | - Shuang Cui
- the Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China 100191.,the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China 100083, and
| | - Yingchi Zhao
- From the Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China 100191
| | - Samuel Craft
- the Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Erol Fikrig
- the Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Fuping You
- From the Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China 100191,
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9
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Lee JH, Jeon YD, Lee YM, Kim DK. The suppressive effect of puerarin on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions through regulation of inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Lim SJ, Kim M, Randy A, Nam EJ, Nho CW. Effects of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. extract and methyl vanillate on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions and TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced chemokines production in HaCaT cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1465-1479. [PMID: 27696405 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Here, we hypothesized that Hovenia dulcis branch extract (HDB) and its active constituents ameliorates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions by modulating the T helper Th1/Th2 balance in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced production of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in HaCaT cells. METHODS HaCaT cells were stimulated by TNF-α/IFN-γ in the presence of HDB and its constituents. TARC and MDC were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR. For the in-vivo study, oral feeding of HDB was performed for 5 weeks with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) treatment every other day. The efficacy of HDB on parameters of DNCB-induced AD was evaluated morphologically, physiologically and immunologically. KEY FINDINGS In-vitro studies showed that HDB and its constituents suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced production of TARC and MDC in HaCaT cells by inhibiting MAPK signalling. In-vivo studies showed that HDB regulated immunoglobulin (Ig) E and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) levels in serum and the expression of mRNA for Th1- and Th2-related mediators in skin lesions. Histopathological analyses revealed reduced epidermal thickness and reduced infiltration of skin lesions by inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HDB inhibits AD-like skin diseases by regulating Th1 and Th2 responses in NC/Nga mice and in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ji Lim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Ahmad Randy
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Nam
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea. .,Convergence Research Center for Smart Farm Solution, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea.
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11
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Platelets guide the formation of early metastatic niches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E3053-61. [PMID: 25024172 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, host cells are recruited to disseminated tumor cells to form specialized microenvironments ("niches") that promote metastatic progression, but the mechanisms guiding the assembly of these niches are largely unknown. Tumor cells may autonomously recruit host cells or, alternatively, host cell-to-host cell interactions may guide the formation of these prometastatic microenvironments. Here, we show that platelet-derived rather than tumor cell-derived signals are required for the rapid recruitment of granulocytes to tumor cells to form "early metastatic niches." Granulocyte recruitment relies on the secretion of CXCL5 and CXCL7 chemokines by platelets upon contact with tumor cells. Blockade of the CXCL5/7 receptor CXCR2, or transient depletion of either platelets or granulocytes prevents the formation of early metastatic niches and significantly reduces metastatic seeding and progression. Thus, platelets recruit granulocytes and guide the formation of early metastatic niches, which are crucial for metastasis.
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12
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Ouboussad L, Kreuz S, Lefevre PF. CTCF depletion alters chromatin structure and transcription of myeloid-specific factors. J Mol Cell Biol 2013; 5:308-22. [PMID: 23933634 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation is a multistep process tightly regulated and controlled by complex transcription factor networks. Here, we show that the rate of differentiation of common myeloid precursor cells increases after depletion of CTCF, a protein emerging as a potential key factor regulating higher-order chromatin structure. We identified CTCF binding in the vicinity of important transcription factors regulating myeloid differentiation and showed that CTCF depletion impacts on the expression of these genes in concordance with the observed acceleration of the myeloid commitment. Furthermore, we observed a loss of the histone variant H2A.Z within the selected promoter regions and an increase in non-coding RNA transcription upstream of these genes. Both abnormalities suggest a global chromatin structure destabilization and an associated increase of non-productive transcription in response to CTCF depletion but do not drive the CTCF-mediated transcription alterations of the neighbouring genes. Finally, we detected a transient eviction of CTCF at the Egr1 locus in correlation with Egr1 peak of expression in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in macrophages. This eviction is also correlated with the expression of an antisense non-coding RNA transcribing through the CTCF-binding region indicating that non-coding RNA transcription could be the cause and the consequence of CTCF eviction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lylia Ouboussad
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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13
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Genome diversification mechanism of rodent and Lagomorpha chemokine genes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:856265. [PMID: 23991422 PMCID: PMC3749542 DOI: 10.1155/2013/856265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small cytokines that are involved in host defence and body homeostasis through recruitment of cells expressing their receptors. Their genes are known to undergo rapid evolution. Therefore, the number and content of chemokine genes can be quite diverse among the different species, making the orthologous relationships often ambiguous even between closely related species. Given that rodents and rabbit are useful experimental models in medicine and drug development, we have deduced the chemokine genes from the genome sequences of several rodent species and rabbit and compared them with those of human and mouse to determine the orthologous relationships. The interspecies differences should be taken into consideration when experimental results from animal models are extrapolated into humans. The chemokine gene lists and their orthologous relationships presented here will be useful for studies using these animal models. Our analysis also enables us to reconstruct possible gene duplication processes that generated the different sets of chemokine genes in these species.
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14
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Abstract
Platelet endothelial aggregation receptor-1 (PEAR1) participates in platelet aggregation via sustaining αIIbβ3 activation. To investigate the role of PEAR1 in platelet formation, we monitored and manipulated PEAR1 expression in vitro in differentiating human CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells and in vivo in zebrafish embryos. PEAR1 expression rose during CD34(+) cell differentiation up to megakaryocyte (MK) maturation. Two different lentiviral short hairpin knockdowns of PEAR1 did not affect erythropoiesis in CD34(+) cells, but increased colony-forming unit MK cell numbers twofold vs control in clonogenic assays, without substantially modifying MK maturation. The PEAR1 knockdown resulted in a twofold reduction of the phosphatase and TENsin homolog (PTEN) phosphatase expression and modulated gene expression of several phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and Notch pathway genes. In zebrafish, Pear1 expression increased progressively during the first 3 days of embryo development. Both ATG and splice-blocking PEAR1 morpholinos enhanced thrombopoiesis, without affecting erythropoiesis. Western blots of 3-day-old Pear1 knockdown zebrafish revealed elevated Akt phosphorylation, coupled to transcriptional downregulation of the PTEN isoform Ptena. Neutralization by morpholinos of Ptena, but not of Ptenb, phenocopied the Pear1 zebrafish knockdown and triggered enhanced Akt phosphorylation and thrombocyte formation. In summary, this is the first demonstration that PEAR1 influences the PI3K/PTEN pathway, a critical determinant of Akt phosphorylation, itself controlling megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
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15
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Multiple ETS family proteins regulate PF4 gene expression by binding to the same ETS binding site. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24837. [PMID: 21931859 PMCID: PMC3171469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies on the mechanism underlying megakaryocyte-specific gene expression, several ETS motifs were found in each megakaryocyte-specific gene promoter. Although these studies suggested that several ETS family proteins regulate megakaryocyte-specific gene expression, only a few ETS family proteins have been identified. Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a megakaryocyte-specific gene and its promoter includes multiple ETS motifs. We had previously shown that ETS-1 binds to an ETS motif in the PF4 promoter. However, the functions of the other ETS motifs are still unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate a novel functional ETS motif in the PF4 promoter and identify proteins binding to the motif. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays and a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, FLI-1, ELF-1, and GABP bound to the −51 ETS site. Expression of FLI-1, ELF-1, and GABP activated the PF4 promoter in HepG2 cells. Mutation of a −51 ETS site attenuated FLI-1-, ELF-1-, and GABP-mediated transactivation of the promoter. siRNA analysis demonstrated that FLI-1, ELF-1, and GABP regulate PF4 gene expression in HEL cells. Among these three proteins, only FLI-1 synergistically activated the promoter with GATA-1. In addition, only FLI-1 expression was increased during megakaryocytic differentiation. Finally, the importance of the −51 ETS site for the activation of the PF4 promoter during physiological megakaryocytic differentiation was confirmed by a novel reporter gene assay using in vitro ES cell differentiation system. Together, these data suggest that FLI-1, ELF-1, and GABP regulate PF4 gene expression through the −51 ETS site in megakaryocytes and implicate the differentiation stage-specific regulation of PF4 gene expression by multiple ETS factors.
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16
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Flad HD, Brandt E. Platelet-derived chemokines: pathophysiology and therapeutic aspects. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2363-86. [PMID: 20213276 PMCID: PMC11115602 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of chemokines in blood platelets has strengthened our view of these cells as participants in immune host defense. Platelet chemokines representing prestored and rapidly releasable proteins may play a major role as first-line inflammatory mediators. This is evident from their capability to recruit early inflammatory cells such as neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes and even to exhibit direct antimicrobial activity. However, insight is growing that platelet chemokines may be also long-term regulators, e.g., by activating T lymphocytes, by modulating the formation of endothelium and even thrombocytopoiesis itself. This review deals with the individual and cooperative functionality of platelet chemokines, as well as their potential as a basis for therapeutic intervention in the pathology of inflammation, infection, allergy and tumors. Within this context, therapeutic strategies based on the use of antibodies, modified chemokines, chemokine-binding proteins and chemokine receptor antagonists as well as first clinical studies will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Dieter Flad
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
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17
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Yu M, Berk R, Kosir MA. CXCL7-Mediated Stimulation of Lymphangiogenic Factors VEGF-C, VEGF-D in Human Breast Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:939407. [PMID: 20652010 PMCID: PMC2906176 DOI: 10.1155/2010/939407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of lymphangiogenesis factors VEGF-C/D and heparanase has been correlated with the invasion of cancer. Furthermore, chemokines may modify matrix to facilitate metastasis, and they are associated with VEGF-C and heparanase. The chemokine CXCL7 binds heparin and the G-protein-linked receptor CXCR2. We investigated the effect of CXCR2 blockade on the expression of VEGF-C/D, heparanase, and on invasion. CXCL7 siRNA and a specific antagonist of CXCR2 (SB225002) were used to treat CXCL7 stably transfected MCF10AT cells. Matrigel invasion assays were performed. VEGF-C/D expression and secretion were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA assay, and heparanase activity was quantified by ELISA. SB225002 blocked VEGF-C/D expression and secretion (P < .01). CXCL7 siRNA knockdown decreased heparanase (P < .01). Both SB225002 and CXCL7 siRNA reduced the Matrigel invasion (P < .01). The MAP kinase signaling pathway was not involved. The CXCL7/CXCR2 axis is important for cell invasion and the expression of VEGF-C/D and heparanase, all linked to invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Richard Berk
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mary Ann Kosir
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Surgical Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Breast Biology Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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18
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Eidelman O, Jozwik C, Huang W, Srivastava M, Rothwell SW, Jacobowitz DM, Ji X, Zhang X, Guggino W, Wright J, Kiefer J, Olsen C, Adimi N, Mueller GP, Pollard HB. Gender dependence for a subset of the low-abundance signaling proteome in human platelets. HUMAN GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS : HGP 2010; 2010:164906. [PMID: 20981232 PMCID: PMC2958630 DOI: 10.4061/2010/164906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular diseases is ten-times higher in males than females, although the biological basis for this gender disparity is not known. However, based on the fact that antiplatelet drugs are the mainstay for prevention and therapy, we hypothesized that the signaling proteomes in platelets from normal male donors might be more activated than platelets from normal female donors. We report here that platelets from male donors express significantly higher levels of signaling cascade proteins than platelets from female
donors. In silico connectivity analysis shows that the 24 major hubs in platelets from male donors focus on pathways associated with megakaryocytic expansion and platelet activation. By contrast, the 11 major hubs in platelets from female donors were found to be either negative or neutral for platelet-relevant processes. The difference may suggest a biological mechanism for gender discrimination in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Eidelman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, USU Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University, School of Medicine, USUHS, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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19
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Wang YS, Liao KW, Chen MF, Huang YC, Chu RM, Chi KH. Canine CXCL7 and its functional expression in dendritic cells undergoing maturation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 135:128-136. [PMID: 20022386 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many cells, including leucocytes and stromal cells, express CXCL7, a member of the CXC chemokine family, also known as platelet basic protein. CXCL7 is a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophil function. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in antigen processing and presentation. Very little information is available on the ability of DCs to recruit neutrophils by producing chemokines. In this work, we have cloned canine CXCL7. Based on the predicted gene sequence and using the 3'RACE technique, the full-length gene was amplified from LPS-treated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The cloned cDNA sequence consisted of 357 nucleotides and encoded a 118 amino acid protein, including a 38 amino acid signal peptide. The use of CXCL7-containing supernatants from CXCL7-transfected BALB/3T3 in the neutrophil migration assay confirmed that canine CXCL7 had chemoattractive activity for neutrophils. We then used canine monocyte-derived DCs to generate CXCL7 for the rest of the experiment. Expression of CXCL7 by DCs treated with LPS, IL-1beta, IL-6, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma was compared using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. When treated with IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, or TGF-beta, canine DCs expressed significantly higher levels of CXCL7 mRNA and protein than when treated with IFN-gamma or LPS. It is concluded that dog DCs express high levels of the neutrophil chemotactic factor CXCL7 when stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, or TGF-beta, and may play an important role in modulating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Wang
- Animal Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mo-Fen Chen
- Animal Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- Animal Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rea-Min Chu
- Animal Cancer Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kwan-Hwa Chi
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Oncology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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20
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Tang Z, Yu M, Miller F, Berk RS, Tromp G, Kosir MA. Increased invasion through basement membrane by CXCL7-transfected breast cells. Am J Surg 2008; 196:690-6. [PMID: 18954601 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXC chemokines may modify breast cancer cells and surrounding extracellular matrix to facilitate metastasis. CXCL7 is heparin binding, has heparanase activity, and is a ligand to CXCR2, a G-protein-linked receptor. METHODS Isogenic cell lines, malignant MCF10CA1a.cl1 cells, and premalignant MCF10AT cells were used. CXCR2 and CXCL7 expression levels were quantified by reverse transcriptionase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. MCF10AT cells were stably transfected with CXCL7, and matrigel invasion assays were performed. Antibody to CXCL7 was used to inhibit invasion. CXCL7 secretion by transfectants and heparanase activity were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS CXCL7 and CXCR2 expression were significantly higher in malignant MCF10CA1a.cl1 cells than in premalignant MCF10AT cells. Secreted CXCL7, secreted heparanase activity, and invasiveness were all increased in CXCL7-transfected MCF10AT cells. CXCL7 antibody inhibited invasion of CXCL7-transfected MCF10AT cells. CONCLUSIONS Malignant MCF10CA1a.cl1 cells express more CXCL7 and CXCR2 than premalignant MCF10AT cells. CXCL7-transfected MCF10AT cells are as invasive as malignant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tang
- Department of Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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21
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Dumon S, Heath VL, Tomlinson MG, Göttgens B, Frampton J. Differentiation of murine committed megakaryocytic progenitors isolated by a novel strategy reveals the complexity of GATA and Ets factor involvement in megakaryocytopoiesis and an unexpected potential role for GATA-6. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:654-63. [PMID: 16647571 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The differentiation of megakaryocytes is characterized by polyploidization and cytoplasmic maturation leading to platelet production. Studying these processes is hindered by the paucity of bone marrow megakaryocytes and their precursors. We describe a method for the expansion and purification of committed megakaryocyte progenitors and demonstrate their usefulness by studying changes in the expression of Ets and GATA family transcription factors throughout megakaryocytopoiesis. METHODS A two-step serum-free method was developed. Cells isolated using this method were analyzed for surface marker expression by flow cytometry, and for their ability to differentiate using single-cell culture. Purified progenitors were induced to differentiate and analyzed with respect to their ploidy by flow cytometry and expression of specific genes by RT-PCR. RESULTS A population of Lin- c-kit+ CD45+ CD41+ CD31+ CD34low CD9low FcgammaRII/IIIlow Sca-1med/low committed megakaryocyte progenitors was purified. These cells could be differentiated efficiently, achieving ploidy of up to 128N. Analysis of RNA demonstrated the expected increases in expression of key megakaryocyte-associated genes. RT-PCR analysis also revealed that a range of Ets and GATA factors are expressed, their individual levels and patterns of expression varying widely. Surprisingly, we find that GATA-6 is specifically expressed in late differentiated megakaryocytes and has the potential to regulate megakaryocyte-expressed genes in cooperation with Ets factors. CONCLUSION Purified primary megakaryocytic progenitors are able to differentiate as a cohort into fully mature megakaryocytes. The number of cells obtainable, and the synchrony of the differentiation process, facilitates analysis of the dynamics of molecular processes involved in megakaryocytopoiesis. The expression pattern of Ets and GATA family transcription factors reveals the complexity of the involvement of these key megakaryocytic regulators. The finding of GATA-6 expression and demonstration of its functional activity suggests a novel mechanism for the regulation of certain genes late in megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dumon
- Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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22
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Xu G, Kanezaki R, Toki T, Watanabe S, Takahashi Y, Terui K, Kitabayashi I, Ito E. Physical association of the patient-specific GATA1 mutants with RUNX1 in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia accompanying Down syndrome. Leukemia 2006; 20:1002-8. [PMID: 16628190 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the GATA1 gene on chromosome X have been found in almost all cases of transient myeloproliferative disorder and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) accompanying Down syndrome (DS). Although most GATA1 mutations lead to the expression of GATA1s lacking the N-terminal activation domain, we recently found two novel GATA1 proteins with defects in another N-terminal region. It has been suggested that loss of the N-terminal portion of GATA1 might interfere with physiological interactions with the critical megakaryocytic transcription factor RUNX1, and this would imply that GATA1s is not able to interact properly with RUNX1. However, the interaction domain of GATA1 remains controversial. In this study, we show that GATA1 binds to RUNX1 through its zinc-finger domains, and that the C-finger is indispensable for synergy with RUNX1. All of the patient-specific GATA1 mutants interacted efficiently with RUNX1 and retained their ability to act synergistically with RUNX1 on the megakaryocytic GP1balpha promoter, whereas the levels of transcriptional activities were diverse among the mutants. Thus, our data indicate that physical interaction and synergy between GATA1 and RUNX1 are retained in DS-AMKL, although it is still possible that increased RUNX1 activity plays a role in the development of leukemia in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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23
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Hamelin V, Letourneux C, Romeo PH, Porteu F, Gaudry M. Thrombopoietin regulates IEX-1 gene expression through ERK-induced AML1 phosphorylation. Blood 2006; 107:3106-13. [PMID: 16368886 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are required for thrombopoietin (TPO) functions on hematopoietic cells, but the ERKs targets involved remain unknown. Here we show that the regulation of the immediate early gene X-1 (IEX-1), identified as an ERK substrate in response to TPO, was mediated by an ERK-dependent phosphorylation of AML1. The addition of TPO to UT7-Mpl cells and primary megakaryocytes induced gene expression of IEX-1. Neither erythropoietin (EPO) nor granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was able to activate IEX-1 gene expression in UT7-Mpl cells. The induced expression was mediated by a transcriptional activation of the IEX-1 promoter and required an AML1-binding site located at –1068. The direct involvement of AML1 in the regulation of IEX-1 gene expression was shown by both the use of AML1 mutants and by shRNA experiments targeting endogenous AML1. Finally, the ability of TPO to induce the IEX-1 gene expression was inhibited by U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERKs activator MEK and AML1 transcriptional activity was shown to be modulated by TPO through ERK-dependent phosphorylation. Taken together, these data suggest that AML1 plays a role in modulating the IEX-1 expression and that the ERK-dependent AML1 phosphorylation regulates the TPO-mediated activation of IEX-1.
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Pillai MM, Iwata M, Awaya N, Graf L, Torok-Storb B. Monocyte-derived CXCL7 peptides in the marrow microenvironment. Blood 2006; 107:3520-6. [PMID: 16391012 PMCID: PMC1895768 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The marrow microenvironment consists of several different interacting cell types, including hematopoietic-derived monocyte/macrophages and nonhematopoietic-derived stromal cells. Gene-expression profiles of stromal cells and monocytes cultured together differ from those of each population alone. Here, we report that CXCL7 gene expression, previously described as limited to the megakaryocyte lineage, is expressed by monocytes cocultured with stromal cells. CXCL7 gene expression was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and secretion of protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. At least 2 stromal-derived activities, one yet to be identified, were required for optimal expression of CXCL7 by monocytes. NAP-2, the shortest form of CXCL7 detected in the coculture media, was confirmed to decrease the size and number of CFU-Meg colonies. The propeptide LDGF, previously reported to be mitogenic for fibroblasts, was not secreted by stimulated monocytes. The recombinant form of LDGF produced in a prokaryotic expression system did not have biologic activity in our hands. The monocytic source of CXCL7 was also detected by immunohistochemistry in normal bone marrow biopsies, indicating an in vivo function. We conclude that stromal-stimulated monocytes can serve as an additional source for CXCL7 peptides in the microenvironment and may contribute to the local regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Pillai
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, D1-100, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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25
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Fu WX, Zhu ML, Gong SY, Li Y, Chen WF. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel rat CXC chemokine, rPBP, the homologue of human and mouse PBP. Cytokine 2004; 26:37-43. [PMID: 15016410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2003] [Revised: 12/06/2003] [Accepted: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously cloned the mouse platelet basic protein (mPBP), a homologue of human PBP, from mouse thymic stromal cells. Using EST alignment and RT-PCR, the rat homologue of human and mouse PBP was cloned from lung and named as rPBP. The complete open reading frame and part of the 3'- and 5'-non-coding regions were obtained through rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The rPBP cDNA encodes a protein of 111 amino acids containing a signal peptide of 37 amino acids at the N-terminus, with the mature protein of 74 amino acids. The rPBP is a new member of ELR+CXC chemokines. The mature protein of rPBP shares 69% and 45% homology with mouse and human PBP, respectively. In situ hybridization assay revealed rPBP to be predominantly localized in the pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. The eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3-rPBP was constructed and transiently transfected into COS-7 cells. In the in vitro chemotaxis assay, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were chemoattracted to the supernatants from transfected COS-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The implication of rPBP found in rat lung is that this chemokine may have the function to recruit PMNs to fight against pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xian Fu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China
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26
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Okada Y, Nagai R, Sato T, Matsuura E, Minami T, Morita I, Doi T. Homeodomain proteins MEIS1 and PBXs regulate the lineage-specific transcription of the platelet factor 4 gene. Blood 2003; 101:4748-56. [PMID: 12609849 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-02-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is expressed during megakaryocytic differentiation. We previously reported that GATA-1 and ETS-1 regulate the rat PF4 promoter and transactivate the PF4 gene. For the present study, we investigated the regulatory elements and their transcription factors responsible for the lineage-specific expression of the PF4 gene. The promoter activities of deletion constructs were evaluated, and a novel regulatory element termed TME (tandem repeat of MEIS1 binding element) (-219 to -182) was defined. Binding proteins to TME were strongly detected in HEL nuclear extracts by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), and they were purified by DNA affinity chromatography. By performing Western blottings and supershift assays, the binding proteins were identified as homeodomain proteins, MEIS1, PBX1B, and PBX2. These factors are expressed in megakaryocytes differentiated from CD34+ cells in human cord blood. MEIS1 and PBXs bind to the TME as MEIS1/PBX complexes and activate the PF4 promoter. In nonmegakaryocytic HepG2 cells, GATA-1 and ETS-1 activate the PF4 promoter approximately 10-fold. Surprisingly, we found that additional expression of both MEIS1 and PBX2 multiplied this major activation another 2-fold. This activation was not observed when MEIS1 binding sites in the TME were disrupted. Furthermore, inhibition of the binding of endogenous MEIS1/PBX complexes to the TME decreased the promoter activity by almost one half, in megakaryocytic HEL cells. Thus, these studies demonstrate that the homeodomain proteins, MEIS1, PBX1B, and PBX2, play an important role in megakaryocytic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Okada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
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27
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Elagib KE, Racke FK, Mogass M, Khetawat R, Delehanty LL, Goldfarb AN. RUNX1 and GATA-1 coexpression and cooperation in megakaryocytic differentiation. Blood 2003; 101:4333-41. [PMID: 12576332 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-09-2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytic and erythroid lineages derive from a common bipotential progenitor and share many transcription factors, most prominently factors of the GATA zinc-finger family. Little is known about transcription factors unique to the megakaryocytic lineage that might program divergence from the erythroid pathway. To identify such factors, we used the K562 system in which megakaryocyte lineage commitment is dependent on sustained extracellular regulatory kinase (ERK) activation and is inhibited by stromal cell contact. During megakaryocytic induction in this system, the myeloid transcription factor RUNX1 underwent up-regulation, dependent on ERK signaling and inhibitable by stromal cell contact. Immunostaining of healthy human bone marrow confirmed a strong expression of RUNX1 and its cofactor, core-binding factor beta (CBFbeta), in megakaryocytes and a minimal expression in erythroblasts. In primary human hematopoietic progenitor cultures, RUNX1 and CBFbeta up-regulation preceded megakaryocytic differentiation, and down-regulation of these factors preceded erythroid differentiation. Functional studies showed cooperation among RUNX1, CBFbeta, and GATA-1 in the activation of a megakaryocytic promoter. By contrast, the RUNX1-ETO leukemic fusion protein potently repressed GATA-1-mediated transactivation. These functional interactions correlated with physical interactions observed between GATA-1 and RUNX1 factors. Enforced RUNX1 expression in K562 cells enhanced the induction of the megakaryocytic integrin proteins alphaIIb and alpha2. These results suggest that RUNX1 may participate in the programming of megakaryocytic lineage commitment through functional and physical interactions with GATA transcription factors. By contrast, RUNX1-ETO inhibition of GATA function may constitute a potential mechanism for the blockade of erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation seen in leukemias with t(8;21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleldin E Elagib
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0904, USA
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28
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Chui CMY, Li K, Yang M, Chuen CKY, Fok TF, Li CK, Yuen PMP. Platelet-derived growth factor up-regulates the expression of transcription factors NF-E2, GATA-1 and c-Fos in megakaryocytic cell lines. Cytokine 2003; 21:51-64. [PMID: 12670444 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4666(02)00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a platelet alpha-granule protein. In previous reports, we demonstrated the expression of PDGF receptors on platelets and megakaryocytic cells and that PDGF enhanced the proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of PDGF on mRNA and protein expressions of megakaryocyte-associated transcription factors, c-Fos, GATA-1, NF-E2 and PU.1, in two human megakaryocytic cell lines CHRF-288-11 and DAMI. RT-PCR/Southern blot analysis and Real-time PCR demonstrated that PDGF increased the mRNA expression of c-Fos, GATA-1 and NF-E2, but not PU.1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The activation was confirmed at the protein level by Western blot analysis of both total cell and nuclear lysates. The addition of increasing concentrations of Tyrphostin AG1295, an inhibitor of PDGF receptor kinase, blocked the stimulatory effect of PDGF on the mRNA and protein expressions of these transcription factors. The up-regulation of c-Fos, GATA-1 and NF-E2 protein by PDGF was inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, suggesting that mRNA and protein synthesis might be involved in the mechanism. Our data suggest a direct stimulatory effect of PDGF on c-Fos, GATA-1 and NF-E2 expressions and we speculate that these transcription factors might be involved in the signal transduction of PDGF on the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Mei Yan Chui
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, Shatin, N T, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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29
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Kwon JH, Keates S, Simeonidis S, Grall F, Libermann TA, Keates AC. ESE-1, an enterocyte-specific Ets transcription factor, regulates MIP-3alpha gene expression in Caco-2 human colonic epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:875-84. [PMID: 12414801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208241200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that colonic epithelial cells are a major site of MIP-3alpha production in human colon and that enterocyte MIP-3alpha protein levels are elevated in inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms regulating MIP-3alpha gene transcription in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. We show that a kappaB element at nucleotides -82 to -93 of the MIP-3alpha promoter binds p50/p65 NF-kappaB heterodimers and is a major regulator of basal and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-mediated gene activation. Scanning mutagenesis of the MIP-3alpha 5'-flanking region also identified two additional binding elements: Site X (nucleotides -63 to -69) and Site Y (nucleotides -143 to -154). Site X (CGCCTTC) bound Sp1 and regulated basal MIP-3alpha gene transcription. Overexpression of Sp1 increased basal luciferase activity, whereas, substitutions in the Sp1 element significantly reduced reporter activity. In contrast, Site Y (AAGCAGGAAGTT) regulated both basal and cytokine-induced gene activation and bound the Ets nuclear factor ESE-1. Substitutions in the Site Y element markedly reduced inducible MIP-3alpha reporter activity. Conversely, overexpression of ESE-1 significantly up-regulated MIP-3alpha luciferase levels. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that co-ordinate activation and binding of ESE-1, Sp1, and NF-kappaB to the MIP-3alpha promoter is required for maximal gene expression by cytokine-stimulated Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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30
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Furihata K, Kunicki TJ. Characterization of human glycoprotein VI gene 5' regulatory and promoter regions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22:1733-9. [PMID: 12377757 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000034493.76465.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet glycoprotein VI is a collagen receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin-like protein family that is essential for platelet interactions with collagen and is exclusively expressed in the megakaryocytic lineage. The objective of this study was to characterize the human glycoprotein VI gene (GP6) 5' regulatory and promoter regions. METHODS AND RESULTS We first used 5' RACE to establish experimentally that the major transcription start site lies 28 bp upstream from the start codon. We next subcloned the 5' regulatory region of GP6 into pGL3-basic [pGL3(-1576)] and used deletion mutagenesis to identify important regulatory regions, comparing the activity of transiently expressed promoter-luciferase constructs in Dami and HeLa cells. We found that megakaryocyte lineage-specific transcription is largely controlled within the segment -191/-39. By site-directed mutagenesis, we confirmed that a GATA-1 site at -176 and an Ets-1 site at -45 play important roles in the regulation of GP6 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS We have determined that the GP6 sequence -191 to -39 represents the core promoter and that transcription is driven largely by GATA-1 (-176) and c-Ets-1 (-45) sites within this segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Furihata
- Roon Research Center for Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis, Division of Experimental Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif 92037, USA
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31
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Wang X, Crispino JD, Letting DL, Nakazawa M, Poncz M, Blobel GA. Control of megakaryocyte-specific gene expression by GATA-1 and FOG-1: role of Ets transcription factors. EMBO J 2002; 21:5225-34. [PMID: 12356738 PMCID: PMC129049 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2002] [Revised: 07/25/2002] [Accepted: 08/14/2002] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA-1 and its cofactor FOG-1 are essential for the normal development of erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. FOG-1 can stimulate or inhibit GATA-1 activity depending on cell and promoter context. How the GATA-1-FOG-1 complex controls the expression of distinct sets of gene in megakaryocytes and erythroid cells is not understood. Here, we examine the molecular basis for the megakaryocyte-restricted activation of the alphaIIb gene. FOG-1 stimulates GATA-1-dependent alphaIIb gene expression in a manner that requires their direct physical interaction. Transcriptional output by the GATA-1-FOG-1 complex is determined by the hematopoietic Ets protein Fli-1 that binds to an adjacent Ets element. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that GATA-1, FOG-1 and Fli-1 co-occupy the alphaIIb promoter in vivo. Expression of several additional megakaryocyte-specific genes that bear tandem GATA and Ets elements in their promoters also depends on the physical interaction between GATA-1 and FOG-1. Our studies define a molecular context for transcriptional activation by GATA-1 and FOG-1, and may explain the occurrence of tandem GATA and Ets elements in the promoters of numerous megakaryocyte-expressed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - John D. Crispino
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Danielle L. Letting
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Minako Nakazawa
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Gerd A. Blobel
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Corresponding author e-mail:
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32
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Zhang C, Thornton MA, Kowalska MA, Sachis BS, Feldman M, Poncz M, McKenzie SE, Reilly MP. Localization of distal regulatory domains in the megakaryocyte-specific platelet basic protein/platelet factor 4 gene locus. Blood 2001; 98:610-7. [PMID: 11468158 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.3.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genes for the related human (h) chemokines, PBP (platelet basic protein) and PF4 (platelet factor 4), are within 5.3 kilobases (kb) of each other and form a megakaryocyte-specific gene locus. The hypothesis was considered that the PBP and PF4 genes share a common distal regulatory region(s) that leads to their high-level megakaryocyte-specific expression in vivo. This study examined PBP and PF4 expression in transgenic mice using 4 distinct human PBP/PF4 gene locus constructs. These studies showed that within the region studied there was sufficient information to regulate tissue-specific expression of both hPBP and hPF4. Indeed this region contained sufficient DNA information to lead to expression levels of PBP and PF4 comparable to the homologous mouse genes in a position-independent, copy number-dependent fashion. These studies also indicated that the DNA domains that led to this expression were distinct for the 2 genes; hPBP expression is regulated by a region that is 1.5 to 4.4 kb upstream of that gene. Expression of hPF4 is regulated by a region that is either intergenic between the 2 genes or immediately downstream of the hPF4 gene. Comparison of the available human and mouse sequences shows conserved flanking region domains containing potential megakaryocyte-related transcriptional factor DNA-binding sites. Further analysis of these regulatory regions may identify enhancer domains involved in megakaryopoiesis that may be useful in the selective expression of other genes in megakaryocytes and platelets as a strategy for regulating hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. (Blood. 2001;98:610-617)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
Ets is a family of transcription factors present in species ranging from sponges to human. All family members contain an approximately 85 amino acid DNA binding domain, designated the Ets domain. Ets proteins bind to specific purine-rich DNA sequences with a core motif of GGAA/T, and transcriptionally regulate a number of viral and cellular genes. Thus, Ets proteins are an important family of transcription factors that control the expression of genes that are critical for several biological processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation, and apoptosis. Here, we tabulate genes that are regulated by Ets factors and describe past, present and future strategies for the identification and validation of Ets target genes. Through definition of authentic target genes, we will begin to understand the mechanisms by which Ets factors control normal and abnormal cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Sementchenko
- Center for Molecular and Structural Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, SC 29403, USA
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Martin-Soudant N, Drachman JG, Kaushansky K, Nepveu A. CDP/Cut DNA binding activity is down-modulated in granulocytes, macrophages and erythrocytes but remains elevated in differentiating megakaryocytes. Leukemia 2000; 14:863-73. [PMID: 10803519 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA binding by the CCAAT-displacement protein, the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster Cut protein, was previously found to increase sharply in S phase, suggesting a role for CDP/Cut in cell cycle progression. Genetic studies in Drosophila indicated that cut plays an important role in cell-type specification in several tissues. In the present study, we have investigated CDP/Cut expression and activity in a panel of multipotent hematopoietic cell lines that can be induced to differentiate in vitro into distinct cell types. While CDP/Cut DNA binding activity declined in the pathways leading to macrophages, granulocytes and erythrocytes, it remained elevated in megakaryocytes. CDP/Cut was also highly expressed in primary megakaryocytes isolated from mouse, and some DNA binding activity could be detected. Altogether, these results raise the possibility that CDP/Cut may be a determinant of cell type identity downstream of the myelo-erythroid precursor cell. Another possibility, which does not exclude a role in lineage identity, is that CDP/Cut activity in megakaryocytes is linked to endomitosis. Indeed, elevated CDP/Cut activity in differentiating megakaryocytes and during the S phase of the cell cycle suggests that it may be required for DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martin-Soudant
- Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec
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Functional Characterization of the Human Platelet Glycoprotein V Gene Promoter: A Specific Marker of Late Megakaryocytic Differentiation. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v94.10.3366.422k35_3366_3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein V (GPV), a subunit of the platelet GPIb-V-IX receptor for von Willebrand factor and thrombin, is specifically found in platelets and mature megakaryocytes. Studies of the GPV gene can therefore provide insight into the mechanisms governing megakaryocyte differentiation. The human GPV promoter was isolated, and elements important for its tissue specific transcriptional activity were localized using systematic DNase I protection and reporter deletion assays. A −1413/+25 fragment inserted into a luciferase reporter construct displayed promoter activity in Dami and HEL but not in K562, HL60, or HeLa cells. Progressive 5′ to 3′ deletion showed a putative enhancer region in the −1413/−903 segment that contained closely spaced GATA and Ets sites protected from DNase I digestion in Dami extracts. Regions similar to a GPIIb gene repressor were found at −816 and −610, with the first exhibiting repressor activity in Dami and HEL cells and the second protected from DNAse I. Deletions from −362 to −103, an area containing protected sites for Sp1, STAT, and GATA, induced a progressive decrease in activity. The −103/+1 fragment, bearing a proximal Ets footprinted site and a GATA/Ets tandem footprint, displayed 75% activity relative to the full-length promoter and retained cell specificity. In summary, this work defines several regions of the GPV gene promoter important for its activity. It contains megakaryocyte-specific signals, including erythro-megakaryocytic GATA, and Ets cis-acting elements, GPIIb-like repressor domains, and binding sites for ubiquitous factors such as Sp1, ETF, and STAT.
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Broxmeyer HE, Kim CH. Regulation of hematopoiesis in a sea of chemokine family members with a plethora of redundant activities. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:1113-23. [PMID: 10390186 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(99)00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of chemokine biology is a rapidly advancing one, with over 50 chemokines identified that mediate their effects through one or more of 16 different chemokine receptors. Chemokines, originally identified as chemotactic cytokines, manifest a number of functions, including modulation of blood cell production at the level of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and the directed movement of these early blood cells. This report reviews chemokines and chemokine/receptor activities mainly in the context of hematopoietic cell regulation and the numerous chemokines that manifest suppressive activity on proliferation of stem/progenitor cells. This is contrasted with the specificity of only a few chemokines for the chemotaxis of these early cells. The large number of chemokines with suppressive activity is hypothesized to reflect the different cell, tissue, and organ sites of production of these chemokines and the need to control stem/progenitor cell proliferation in different organ sites throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, and the Walther Cancer Institute, Indianapolis 46202-5254, USA.
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Regulation of the Megakaryocytic Glycoprotein IX Promoter by the Oncogenic Ets Transcription Factor Fli-1. Blood 1999. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v93.8.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlycoprotein (GP) IX is a subunit of the von Willebrand receptor, GPIb-V-IX, which mediates adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium of damaged blood vessels. Previous characterization of the GPIX promoter identified a functional Ets site that, when disrupted, reduced promoter activity. However, the Ets protein(s) that regulated GPIX promoter expression was unknown. In this study, transient cotransfection of several GPIX promoter/reporter constructs into 293T kidney fibroblasts with a Fli-1 expression vector shows that the oncogenic protein Fli-1 can transactivate the GPIX promoter when an intact GPIX Ets site is present. In addition, Fli-1 binding of the GPIX Ets site was identified in antibody supershift experiments in nuclear extracts derived from hematopoietic human erythroleukemia cells. Comparative studies showed that Fli-1 was also able to transactivate the GPIb and, to a lesser extent, the GPIIb promoter. Immunoblot analysis identified Fli-1 protein in lysates derived from platelets. In addition, expression of Fli-1 was identified immunohistochemically in megakaryocytes derived from CD34+ cells treated with the megakaryocyte differentiation and proliferation factor, thrombopoietin. These results suggest that Fli-1 is likely to regulate lineage-specific genes during megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP) IX is a subunit of the von Willebrand receptor, GPIb-V-IX, which mediates adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium of damaged blood vessels. Previous characterization of the GPIX promoter identified a functional Ets site that, when disrupted, reduced promoter activity. However, the Ets protein(s) that regulated GPIX promoter expression was unknown. In this study, transient cotransfection of several GPIX promoter/reporter constructs into 293T kidney fibroblasts with a Fli-1 expression vector shows that the oncogenic protein Fli-1 can transactivate the GPIX promoter when an intact GPIX Ets site is present. In addition, Fli-1 binding of the GPIX Ets site was identified in antibody supershift experiments in nuclear extracts derived from hematopoietic human erythroleukemia cells. Comparative studies showed that Fli-1 was also able to transactivate the GPIb and, to a lesser extent, the GPIIb promoter. Immunoblot analysis identified Fli-1 protein in lysates derived from platelets. In addition, expression of Fli-1 was identified immunohistochemically in megakaryocytes derived from CD34+ cells treated with the megakaryocyte differentiation and proliferation factor, thrombopoietin. These results suggest that Fli-1 is likely to regulate lineage-specific genes during megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Starck J, Mouchiroud G, Gonnet C, Mehlen A, Aubert D, Dorier A, Godet J, Morlé F. Unexpected and coordinated expression of Spi-1, Fli-1, and megakaryocytic genes in four Epo-dependent cell lines established from transgenic mice displaying erythroid-specific expression of a thermosensitive SV40 T antigen. Exp Hematol 1999; 27:630-41. [PMID: 10210321 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(99)00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Most erythroleukemic cell lines established in vitro coexpress erythrocytic and megakaryocytic markers that often are associated with expression of Spi-1 and/or Fli-1 transcription factors known as transactivators of megakaryocyte-specific promoters. In the present study, we examined the possibility of establishing new cell lines keeping strictly erythroid-specific properties in vitro through the targeted and conditional immortalization of erythrocytic progenitors. For that purpose, we established several lines of transgenic mice displaying erythroid-specific expression of a thermosensitive SV40 T antigen. As expected, these transgenic mice developed splenomegaly due to the massive amplification of Ter 119 positive erythroid nucleated cells expressing T antigen. Despite this drastic effect in vivo, the in vitro immortalization of erythropoietin-dependent erythroid progenitors unexpectedly occurred at low frequency, and all four cell lines established expressed both erythrocytic (globins) and megakaryocytic markers (glycoprotein IIb, platelet factor 4) as well as Spi-1 and Fli-1 transcripts at permissive temperature. Switching the cells to the nonpermissive temperature led to a marked increase in globin gene expression and concomitant decrease in expression of Spi-1, Fli-1, and megakaryocytic genes in an erythropoietin-dependent manner. Interestingly, enhanced expression of Spi-1 and Fli-1 genes already was detected in the Ter 119 positive cell population of transgenic mice spleen in vivo. However, like normal Ter 119 erythroid cells, these Ter 119 positive cells from transgenic mice still expressed high levels of beta-globin and very low or undetectable glycoprotein IIb and platelet factor 4 megakaryocytic transcripts. Taken together, these data indicate that the unexpected expression of megakaryocytic genes is a specific property of immortalized cells that cannot be explained only by enhanced expression of Spi-1 and/or Fli-1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Starck
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 5534, Université Lyon I, ViIleurbanne, France
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