1
|
Köhler A, Geiselhöringer AL, Kolland D, Kreft L, Wichmann N, Hils M, Pasztoi M, Zurkowski E, Vogt J, Kübelbeck T, Biedermann T, Schmitz I, Hansen W, Kramer D, Gaida MM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Hoevelmeyer N, Ohnmacht C. The atypical IκB family member Bcl3 determines differentiation and fate of intestinal RORγt + regulatory T-cell subsets. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:673-691. [PMID: 38663461 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Peripherally-induced regulatory T cells (pTregs) expressing the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan-receptor gamma t (RORγt) are indispensable for intestinal immune homeostasis. Nuclear factor kappa family members regulate the differentiation of thymic Tregs and promote their survival in the periphery. However, the Treg intrinsic molecular mechanisms controlling the size of the pTregs in the intestine and associated lymphoid organs remain unclear. Here, we provide direct evidence that B-cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) limits the development of pTregs in a T cell-intrinsic manner. Moreover, the absence of Bcl3 allowed for the formation of an unusual intestinal Treg population co-expressing the transcription factors Helios and RORγt. The expanded RORγt+ Treg populations in the absence of Bcl3 displayed an activated phenotype and secreted high levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor beta. They were fully capable of suppressing effector T cells in a transfer colitis model despite an intrinsic bias to trans-differentiate toward T helper 17-like cells. Finally, we provide a Bcl3-dependent gene signature in pTregs including altered responsiveness to the cytokines IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Our results demonstrate that Bcl3 acts as a molecular switch to limit the expansion of different intestinal Treg subsets and may thus serve as a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease by restoring intestinal immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Köhler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Geiselhöringer
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Daphne Kolland
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Kreft
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Wichmann
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Hils
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Pasztoi
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Zurkowski
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Kübelbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany; TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany; Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Hoevelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caspar Ohnmacht
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan W, Biswas T, Shahabi S, Suryajaya W, Vasquez A, Du Q, Ghosh G, Wang VYF. Phosphorylation-induced flexibility of proto-oncogenic Bcl3 regulates transcriptional activation by NF-κB p52 homodimer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.30.601400. [PMID: 38979190 PMCID: PMC11230411 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.30.601400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression of proto-oncogene Bcl3 is observed in various cancers. Bcl3 is extensively phosphorylated and associates with homodimers of NF-κB p50 and p52 to regulate transcription. Through cellular and biochemical assays, we observed that phospho-mimetic Glu substitution at Ser366 in addition to previously studied Ser33, 114 and 446 is necessary to switch Bcl3 from an IκB-like inhibitor to a transcriptional activator. To study interactive features of p52 and Bcl3, and phosphorylation- mediated changes in Bcl3 that regulate DNA-binding by p52, we performed HDX-MS of both Bcl3 and p52 within various complexes. Nature of interactions within Bcl3:(p52:p52) complex in presence and absence of DNA, differential flexibility of Bcl3, and allosteric changes in Bcl3 upon phospho-modifications revealed why a facile accommodation of DNA requires phosphorylation. The inhibitory nature of unphosphorylated Bcl3 on DNA binding by p52:p52 also relieved by a C-terminal deletion of Bcl3. Overall, this study revealed mechanistic bases of how Bcl3 phosphorylation regulates transcriptional potential of NF-κB and intricate cell physiology, a dysregulation of which can lead to cancers.
Collapse
|
3
|
Turnham DJ, Smith H, Clarkson RWE. Suppression of Bcl3 Disrupts Viability of Breast Cancer Cells through Both p53-Dependent and p53-Independent Mechanisms via Loss of NF-κB Signalling. Biomedicines 2024; 12:143. [PMID: 38255248 PMCID: PMC10813424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB co-factor Bcl3 is a proto-oncogene that promotes breast cancer proliferation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance, yet its role in breast cancer cell survival is unclear. Here, we sought to determine the effect of Bcl3 suppression alone on breast cancer cell viability, with a view to informing future studies that aim to target Bcl3 therapeutically. Bcl3 was suppressed by siRNA in breast cancer cell lines before changes in viability, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence were examined. Bcl3 suppression significantly reduced viability and was shown to induce apoptosis in all cell lines tested, while an additional p53-dependent senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype was also observed in those cells with functional p53. The role of the Bcl3/NF-κB axis in this senescence response was confirmed via siRNA of the non-canonical NF-κB subunit NFKB2/p52, which resulted in increased cellular senescence and the canonical subunit NFKB1/p50, which induced the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. An analysis of clinical data showed a correlation between reduced relapse-free survival in patients that expressed high levels of Bcl3 and carried a p53 mutation. Together, these data demonstrate a dual role for Bcl3/NF-κB in the maintenance of breast cancer cell viability and suggests that targeting Bcl3 may be more beneficial to patients with tumours that lack functional p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard W. E. Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seaton G, Smith H, Brancale A, Westwell AD, Clarkson R. Multifaceted roles for BCL3 in cancer: a proto-oncogene comes of age. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:7. [PMID: 38195591 PMCID: PMC10775530 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In the early 1990's a group of unrelated genes were identified from the sites of recurring translocations in B-cell lymphomas. Despite sharing the nomenclature 'Bcl', and an association with blood-borne cancer, these genes have unrelated functions. Of these genes, BCL2 is best known as a key cancer target involved in the regulation of caspases and other cell viability mechanisms. BCL3 on the other hand was originally identified as a non-canonical regulator of NF-kB transcription factor pathways - a signaling mechanism associated with important cell outcomes including many of the hallmarks of cancer. Most of the early investigations into BCL3 function have since focused on its role in NF-kB mediated cell proliferation, inflammation/immunity and cancer. However, recent evidence is coming to light that this protein directly interacts with and modulates a number of other signaling pathways including DNA damage repair, WNT/β-catenin, AKT, TGFβ/SMAD3 and STAT3 - all of which have key roles in cancer development, metastatic progression and treatment of solid tumours. Here we review the direct evidence demonstrating BCL3's central role in a transcriptional network of signaling pathways that modulate cancer biology and treatment response in a range of solid tumour types and propose common mechanisms of action of BCL3 which may be exploited in the future to target its oncogenic effects for patient benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Seaton
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Hannah Smith
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Andrea Brancale
- UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, 6 - Dejvice, IČO: 60461337, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- Cardiff University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Richard Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carr D, Zein A, Coulombe J, Jiang T, Cabrita MA, Ward G, Daneshmand M, Sau A, Pratt MAC. Multiple roles for Bcl-3 in mammary gland branching, stromal collagen invasion, involution and tumor pathology. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:40. [PMID: 35681213 PMCID: PMC9185916 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bcl-3 protein is an atypical member of the inhibitor of -κB family that has dual roles as a transcriptional repressor and a coactivator for dimers of NF-κB p50 and p52. Bcl-3 is expressed in mammary adenocarcinomas and can promote tumorigenesis and survival signaling and has a key role in tumor metastasis. In this study, we have investigated the role of Bcl-3 in the normal mammary gland and impact on tumor pathology. METHODS We utilized bcl-3-/- mice to study mammary gland structure in virgins and during gestation, lactation and early involution. Expression of involution-associated genes and proteins and putative Bcl-3 target genes was examined by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Cell autonomous branching morphogenesis and collagen I invasion properties of bcl-3-/- organoids were tested in 3D hydrogel cultures. The role of Bcl-3 in tumorigenesis and tumor pathology was also assessed using a stochastic carcinogen-induced mammary tumor model. RESULTS Bcl-3-/- mammary glands demonstrated reduced branching complexity in virgin and pregnant mice. This defect was recapitulated in vitro where significant defects in bud formation were observed in bcl-3-/- mammary organoid cultures. Bcl-3-/- organoids showed a striking defect in protrusive collective fibrillary collagen I invasion associated with reduced expression of Fzd1 and Twist2. Virgin and pregnant bcl-3-/- glands showed increased apoptosis and rapid increases in lysosomal cell death and apoptosis after forced weaning compared to WT mice. Bcl-2 and Id3 are strongly induced in WT but not bcl-3-/- glands in early involution. Tumors in WT mice were predominately adenocarcinomas with NF-κB activation, while bcl-3-/- lesions were largely squamous lacking NF-κB and with low Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrate that Bcl-3 has a key function in mammary gland branching morphogenesis, in part by regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix invasion. Markedly reduced levels of pro-survival proteins expression in bcl-3 null compared to WT glands 24 h post-weaning indicate that Bcl-3 has a role in moderating the rate of early phase involution. Lastly, a reduced incidence of bcl-3-/- mammary adenocarcinomas versus squamous lesions indicates that Bcl-3 supports the progression of epithelial but not metaplastic cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Carr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aiman Zein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Josée Coulombe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Miguel A Cabrita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gwendoline Ward
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Andrea Sau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M A Christine Pratt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Zeng L, Yang Y, Guo C, Wang H. Bcl-3: A Double-Edged Sword in Immune Cells and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847699. [PMID: 35355979 PMCID: PMC8959985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor family controls the transcription of many genes and regulates a number of pivotal biological processes. Its activity is regulated by the IκB family of proteins. Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the IκB protein family that regulates the activity of nuclear factor NF-κB. It can promote or inhibit the expression of NF-κB target genes according to the received cell type and stimulation, impacting various cell functions, such as proliferation and differentiation, induction of apoptosis and immune response. Bcl-3 is also regarded as an environment-dependent cell response regulator that has dual roles in the development of B cells and the differentiation, survival and proliferation of Th cells. Moreover, it also showed a contradictory role in inflammation. At present, in addition to the work aimed at studying the molecular mechanism of Bcl-3, an increasing number of studies have focused on the effects of Bcl-3 on inflammation, immunity and malignant tumors in vivo. In this review, we focus on the latest progress of Bcl-3 in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway and its extensive physiological role in inflammation and immune cells, which may help to provide new ideas and targets for the early diagnosis or targeted treatment of various inflammatory diseases, immunodeficiency diseases and malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghosh G, Wang VYF. Origin of the Functional Distinctiveness of NF-κB/p52. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764164. [PMID: 34888310 PMCID: PMC8650618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription regulators of the NF-κB family have emerged as a critical factor affecting the function of various adult tissues. The NF-κB family transcription factors are homo- and heterodimers made up of five monomers (p50, p52, RelA, cRel and RelB). The family is distinguished by sequence homology in their DNA binding and dimerization domains, which enables them to bind similar DNA response elements and participate in similar biological programs through transcriptional activation and repression of hundreds of genes. Even though the family members are closely related in terms of sequence and function, they all display distinct activities. In this review, we discuss the sequence characteristics, protein and DNA interactions, and pathogenic involvement of one member of family, NF-κB/p52, relative to that of other members. We pinpoint the small sequence variations within the conserved region that are mostly responsible for its distinct functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.,Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ai J, Wörmann SM, Görgülü K, Vallespinos M, Zagorac S, Alcala S, Wu N, Kabacaoglu D, Berninger A, Navarro D, Kaya-Aksoy E, Ruess DA, Ciecielski KJ, Kowalska M, Demir IE, Ceyhan GO, Heid I, Braren R, Riemann M, Schreiner S, Hofmann S, Kutschke M, Jastroch M, Slotta-Huspenina J, Muckenhuber A, Schlitter AM, Schmid RM, Steiger K, Diakopoulos KN, Lesina M, Sainz B, Algül H. Bcl3 Couples Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment With Pancreatic Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:318-332.e9. [PMID: 33819482 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The existence of different subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and their correlation with patient outcome have shifted the emphasis on patient classification for better decision-making algorithms and personalized therapy. The contribution of mechanisms regulating the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in different subtypes remains unknown. METHODS Using RNA-seq, we identified B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3 (BCL3), an atypical nf-κb signaling member, as differing in pancreatic CSCs. To determine the biological consequences of BCL3 silencing in vivo and in vitro, we generated bcl3-deficient preclinical mouse models as well as murine cell lines and correlated our findings with human cell lines, PDX models, and 2 independent patient cohorts. We assessed the correlation of bcl3 expression pattern with clinical parameters and subtypes. RESULTS Bcl3 was significantly down-regulated in human CSCs. Recapitulating this phenotype in preclinical mouse models of PDAC via BCL3 genetic knockout enhanced tumor burden, metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and reduced overall survival. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, together with oxygen consumption, sphere formation, and tumorigenicity assays, all indicated that BCL3 loss resulted in CSC compartment expansion promoting cellular dedifferentiation. Overexpression of BCL3 in human PDXs diminished tumor growth by significantly reducing the CSC population and promoting differentiation. Human PDACs with low BCL3 expression correlated with increased metastasis, and BCL3-negative tumors correlated with lower survival and nonclassical subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that bcl3 impacts pancreatic carcinogenesis by restraining CSC expansion and by curtailing an aggressive and metastatic tumor burden in PDAC across species. Levels of BCL3 expression are a useful stratification marker for predicting subtype characterization in PDAC, thereby allowing for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyu Ai
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja M Wörmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Ahmed Cancer Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kıvanç Görgülü
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mireia Vallespinos
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sladjana Zagorac
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Alcala
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nan Wu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Derya Kabacaoglu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Berninger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Diego Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ezgi Kaya-Aksoy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Ruess
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin J Ciecielski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlena Kowalska
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ihsan Ekin Demir
- Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Güralp O Ceyhan
- Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Heid
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Riemann
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute for Virology, Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Hofmann
- Institute for Virology, Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Slotta-Huspenina
- Institute for Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; MTBio-Biobank of Technische Universität München and University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Muckenhuber
- Institute for Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; MTBio-Biobank of Technische Universität München and University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Roland M Schmid
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute for Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kalliope N Diakopoulos
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, School of Medicine, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kron NS, Fieber LA. Co-expression analysis identifies neuro-inflammation as a driver of sensory neuron aging in Aplysia californica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252647. [PMID: 34116561 PMCID: PMC8195618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the nervous system is typified by depressed metabolism, compromised proteostasis, and increased inflammation that results in cognitive impairment. Differential expression analysis is a popular technique for exploring the molecular underpinnings of neural aging, but technical drawbacks of the methodology often obscure larger expression patterns. Co-expression analysis offers a robust alternative that allows for identification of networks of genes and their putative central regulators. In an effort to expand upon previous work exploring neural aging in the marine model Aplysia californica, we used weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify co-expression networks in a targeted set of aging sensory neurons in these animals. We identified twelve modules, six of which were strongly positively or negatively associated with aging. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes analysis and investigation of central module transcripts identified signatures of metabolic impairment, increased reactive oxygen species, compromised proteostasis, disrupted signaling, and increased inflammation. Although modules with immune character were identified, there was no correlation between genes in Aplysia that increased in expression with aging and the orthologous genes in oyster displaying long-term increases in expression after a virus-like challenge. This suggests anti-viral response is not a driver of Aplysia sensory neuron aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - L. A. Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez-Chávez F, Correa D, Navarrete-Meneses P, Cancino-Diaz JC, Cancino-Diaz ME, Rodríguez-Martínez S. NF-κB and Its Regulators During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679106. [PMID: 34025678 PMCID: PMC8131829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor NF-κB is a nuclear factor involved in both physiological and pathological processes. This factor can control the transcription of more than 400 genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and their modulators, immune and non-immune receptors, proteins involved in antigen presentation and cell adhesion, acute phase and stress response proteins, regulators of apoptosis, growth factors, other transcription factors and their regulators, as well as different enzymes; all these molecules control several biological processes. NF-κB is a tightly regulated molecule that has also been related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, inflammation, and the control of innate and adaptive immune responses during onset of labor, in which it has a crucial role; thus, early activation of this factor may have an adverse effect, by inducing premature termination of pregnancy, with bad outcomes for the mother and the fetus, including product loss. Reviews compiling the different activities of NF-κB have been reported. However, an update regarding NF-κB regulation during pregnancy is lacking. In this work, we aimed to describe the state of the art around NF-κB activity, its regulatory role in pregnancy, and the effect of its dysregulation due to invasion by pathogens like Trichomonas vaginalis and Toxoplasma gondii as examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Secretaría de Salud, Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Secretaría de Salud, Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Correa
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunomicrobiología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Eugenio Cancino-Diaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Soukupová J, Bordoni C, Turnham DJ, Yang WW, Seaton G, Gruca A, French R, Lee KY, Varnava A, Piggott L, Clarkson RWE, Westwell AD, Brancale A. The Discovery of a Novel Antimetastatic Bcl3 Inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:775-786. [PMID: 33649105 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of antimetastatic drugs is an urgent healthcare priority for patients with cancer, because metastasis is thought to account for around 90% of cancer deaths. Current antimetastatic treatment options are limited and often associated with poor long-term survival and systemic toxicities. Bcl3, a facilitator protein of the NF-κB family, is associated with poor prognosis in a range of tumor types. Bcl3 has been directly implicated in the metastasis of tumor cells, yet is well tolerated when constitutively deleted in murine models, making it a promising therapeutic target. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of the first small-molecule Bcl3 inhibitor, by using a virtual drug design and screening approach against a computational model of the Bcl3-NF-kB1(p50) protein-protein interaction. From selected virtual screening hits, one compound (JS6) showed potent intracellular Bcl3-inhibitory activity. JS6 treatment led to reductions in Bcl3-NF-kB1 binding, tumor colony formation, and cancer cell migration in vitro; and tumor stasis and antimetastatic activity in vivo, while being devoid of overt systemic toxicity. These results represent a successful application of in silico screening in the identification of protein-protein inhibitors for novel intracellular targets, and confirm Bcl3 as a potential antimetastatic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Soukupová
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.,European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Bordoni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Turnham
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - William W Yang
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Seaton
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Gruca
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon French
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Kok Yung Lee
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Varnava
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Piggott
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Richard W E Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Legge DN, Chambers AC, Parker CT, Timms P, Collard TJ, Williams AC. The role of B-Cell Lymphoma-3 (BCL-3) in enabling the hallmarks of cancer: implications for the treatment of colorectal carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:249-256. [PMID: 31930327 PMCID: PMC7221501 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With its identification as a proto-oncogene in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and central role in regulating NF-κB signalling, it is perhaps not surprising that there have been an increasing number of studies in recent years investigating the role of BCL-3 (B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Lymphoma-3) in a wide range of human cancers. Importantly, this work has begun to shed light on our mechanistic understanding of the function of BCL-3 in tumour promotion and progression. Here, we summarize the current understanding of BCL-3 function in relation to the characteristics or traits associated with tumourigenesis, termed ‘Hallmarks of Cancer’. With the focus on colorectal cancer, a major cause of cancer related mortality in the UK, we describe the evidence that potentially explains why increased BCL-3 expression is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. As well as promoting tumour cell proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis, a key emerging function of this proto-oncogene is the regulation of the tumour response to inflammation. We suggest that BCL-3 represents an exciting new route for targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer; in particular by limiting the impact of the enabling hallmarks of tumour promoting inflammation and cell plasticity. As BCL-3 has been reported to promote the stem-like potential of cancer cells, we suggest that targeting BCL-3 could increase the tumour response to conventional treatment, reduce the chance of relapse and hence improve the prognosis for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny N Legge
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam C Chambers
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher T Parker
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Penny Timms
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tracey J Collard
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang K, Li S, Gao Y, Feng X, Liu W, Luo R, Song Y, Liu Y, Yang C. BCL3 regulates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by interacting with TRAF6 in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Bone 2018; 114:257-267. [PMID: 29933112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an essential component of the signaling complex that mediates osteoclastogenesis. As an adaptor protein of E3 ligase function, TRAF6 regulates NF-κB signaling via TAK1 and I-κB kinase (IKK) activation. Here, we investigated novel mechanisms by which TRAF6 signaling is regulated under receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. DESIGN A yeast two-hybrid screen system identified cellular factors that interact with TRAF6. The interactions were confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays, followed by immuno-blotting. The role of TRAF6 in bone growth and remodeling was determined by osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorption pit assays. Regulatory mechanisms were examined by co-immunoprecipitation, immuno-blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS We show that B-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia protein 3 (BCL3) interacts with TRAF6 through its ankyrin-repeat domain and inhibits osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Further, TRAF6 interacts with CYLD to mediate BCL3 deubiquitination, which facilitates the cytoplasmic accumulation of BCL3 and represses BCL3 and p50 complex-mediated cyclin D1 transcription. CONCLUSIONS TRAF6 promotes RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by regulating novel non-canonical NF-κB signaling via BCL3 deubiquitination, indicating that BCL3 provides valuable insights into bone loss-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaobo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rongjin Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zou Y, Uddin MM, Padmanabhan S, Zhu Y, Bu P, Vancura A, Vancurova I. The proto-oncogene Bcl3 induces immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression, mediating proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15483-15496. [PMID: 30135206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene Bcl3 induces survival and proliferation in cancer cells; however, its function and regulation in ovarian cancer (OC) remain unknown. Here, we show that Bcl3 expression is increased in human OC tissues. Surprisingly, however, we found that in addition to promoting survival, proliferation, and migration of OC cells, Bcl3 promotes both constitutive and interferon-γ (IFN)-induced expression of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. The Bcl3 expression in OC cells is further increased by IFN, resulting in increased PD-L1 transcription. The mechanism consists of an IFN-induced, Bcl3- and p300-dependent PD-L1 promoter occupancy by Lys-314/315 acetylated p65 NF-κB. Blocking PD-L1 by neutralizing antibody reduces proliferation of OC cells overexpressing Bcl3, suggesting that the pro-proliferative effect of Bcl3 in OC cells is partly mediated by PD-L1. Together, this work identifies PD-L1 as a novel target of Bcl3, and links Bcl3 to IFNγ signaling and PD-L1-mediated immune escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zou
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439
| | - Mohammad M Uddin
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439
| | - Sveta Padmanabhan
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439
| | - Yan Zhu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439
| | - Pengli Bu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439
| | - Ales Vancura
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439
| | - Ivana Vancurova
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York 11439
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saxon JA, Yu H, Polosukhin VV, Stathopoulos GT, Gleaves LA, McLoed AG, Massion PP, Yull FE, Zhao Z, Blackwell TS. p52 expression enhances lung cancer progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6078. [PMID: 29666445 PMCID: PMC5904214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While many studies have demonstrated that canonical NF-κB signaling is a central pathway in lung tumorigenesis, the role of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in lung cancer remains undefined. We observed frequent nuclear accumulation of the non-canonical NF-κB component p100/p52 in human lung adenocarcinoma. To investigate the impact of non-canonical NF-κB signaling on lung carcinogenesis, we employed transgenic mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of p52 in airway epithelial cells. p52 over-expression led to increased tumor number and progression after injection of the carcinogen urethane. Gene expression analysis of lungs from transgenic mice combined with in vitro studies suggested that p52 promotes proliferation of lung epithelial cells through regulation of cell cycle-associated genes. Using gene expression and patient information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that expression of p52-associated genes was increased in lung adenocarcinomas and correlated with reduced survival, even in early stage disease. Analysis of p52-associated gene expression in additional human lung adenocarcinoma datasets corroborated these findings. Together, these studies implicate the non-canonical NF-κB component p52 in lung carcinogenesis and suggest modulation of p52 activity and/or downstream mediators as new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Saxon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 1 Asklepiou Str., 26504, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Allyson G McLoed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang VYF, Li Y, Kim D, Zhong X, Du Q, Ghassemian M, Ghosh G. Bcl3 Phosphorylation by Akt, Erk2, and IKK Is Required for Its Transcriptional Activity. Mol Cell 2017; 67:484-497.e5. [PMID: 28689659 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Unlike prototypical IκB proteins, which are inhibitors of NF-κB RelA, cRel, and RelB dimers, the atypical IκB protein Bcl3 is primarily a transcriptional coregulator of p52 and p50 homodimers. Bcl3 exists as phospho-protein in many cancer cells. Unphosphorylated Bcl3 acts as a classical IκB-like inhibitor and removes p50 and p52 from bound DNA. Neither the phosphorylation site(s) nor the kinase(s) phosphorylating Bcl3 is known. Here we show that Akt, Erk2, and IKK1/2 phosphorylate Bcl3. Phosphorylation of Ser33 by Akt induces switching of K48 ubiquitination to K63 ubiquitination and thus promotes nuclear localization and stabilization of Bcl3. Phosphorylation by Erk2 and IKK1/2 of Ser114 and Ser446 converts Bcl3 into a transcriptional coregulator by facilitating its recruitment to DNA. Cells expressing the S114A/S446A mutant have cellular proliferation and migration defects. This work links Akt and MAPK pathways to NF-κB through Bcl3 and provides mechanistic insight into how Bcl3 functions as an oncoprotein through collaboration with IKK1/2, Akt, and Erk2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Ya-Fan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yidan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiangyang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuo SH, Tsai HJ, Lin CW, Yeh KH, Lee HW, Wei MF, Shun CT, Wu MS, Hsu PN, Chen LT, Cheng AL. The B-cell-activating factor signalling pathway is associated with Helicobacter pylori independence in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma without t(11;18)(q21;q21). J Pathol 2017; 241:420-433. [PMID: 27873317 DOI: 10.1002/path.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that activation of the B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) pathway upregulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and induces BCL3 and BCL10 nuclear translocation in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-independent gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumours with evidence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). However, the significance of BAFF expression in HP independence of gastric low-grade MALT lymphomas without t(11;18)(q21;q21) remains unexplored. Sixty-four patients who underwent successful HP eradication for localized HP-positive gastric MALT lymphomas without t(11;18)(q21;q21) were studied. BAFF expression was significantly higher in the HP-independent group than in the HP-dependent group [22/26 (84.6%) versus 8/38 (21.1%); p < 0.001]. Similarly, BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) expression (p = 0.004) and nuclear BCL3 (p = 0.004), BCL10 (p < 0.001), NF-κB (p65) (p = 0.001) and NF-κB (p52) (p = 0.005) expression were closely correlated with the HP independence of these tumours. Moreover, BAFF overexpression was significantly associated with BAFF-R expression and nuclear BCL3, BCL10, NF-κB (p65) and NF-κB (p52) expression. These findings were further validated in an independent cohort, including 40 HP-dependent cases and 18 HP-independent cases of gastric MALT lymphoma without t(11;18)(q21;q21). The biological significance of BAFF signalling in t(11;18)(q21;q21)-negative lymphoma cells was further studied in two types of lymphoma B cell: OCI-Ly3 [non-germinal centre B-cell origin DLBCL without t(11;18)(q21;q21) cell line] and MA-1 [t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1-positive DLBCL cell line]. In both cell lines, we found that BAFF activated the canonical NF-κB and AKT pathways, and induced the formation of BCL10-BCL3 complexes, which translocated to the nucleus. BCL10 and BCL3 nuclear translocation and NF-κB (p65) transactivation were inhibited by either LY294002 or by silencing BCL3 or BCL10 with small interfering RNA. BAFF also activated non-canonical NF-κB pathways (p52) through tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 degradation, NF-κB-inducing kinase accumulation, inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) α/β phosphorylation and NF-κB p100 processing in both cell lines. Our data indicate that the autocrine BAFF signal transduction pathway contributes to HP independence in gastric MALT lymphomas without the t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wu Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Lee
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Wei
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ning Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Leyh B, Dittmer A, Lange T, Martens JWM, Dittmer J. Stromal cells promote anti-estrogen resistance of breast cancer cells through an insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5)/B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 3 (Bcl-3) axis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39307-28. [PMID: 26515727 PMCID: PMC4770774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that stromal cells promote drug resistance of cancer. Here, we show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) desensitize ERα-positive breast cancer cells to the anti-estrogen fulvestrant. In search for the mechanism, we found that MSCs and CAFs similarly increased the activity of the PI3K/AKT and the JAK/STAT3 pathways and upregulated the expression of integrin β1, IGF1R, HIF1α, CAIX and Bcl-3 in MCF-7 cells. Further analyses revealed that MSCs and CAFs coordinately induce these changes by triggering the downregulation of IGFBP5. Loss of IGFBP5 in MCF-7 cells was an early and long-lasting event in response to MSCs and CAFs and was accompanied by growth stimulation both in the absence and presence of fulvestrant. The growth-stimulatory effect in the absence of fulvestrant could be attributed to PI3K/AKT pathway activation and could be mimicked by insulin. The growth-promoting effect in the presence of fulvestrant depended upon the upregulation of Bcl-3. By cRNA microarray analysis we identified additional IGFBP5 targets, of which two (KLHL4 and SEPP1) were inversely regulated by IGFBP5 and Bcl-3. BT474 cells also responded to stromal cells by downregulating IGFBP5 and upregulating the P-AKT, Bcl-3 and IGF1R levels, whereas T47D cells did not show any of these responses. In conclusion, our data suggest that, by targeting IGFBP5 expression in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, such as MCF-7 cells, MSCs and CAFs are able to orchestrate a variety of events, particularly activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, upregulation of Bcl-3 expression and desensitization to anti-estrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Leyh
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Angela Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Theresia Lange
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Regulation of inflammatory responses by neuregulin-1 in brain ischemia and microglial cells in vitro involves the NF-kappa B pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:237. [PMID: 27596278 PMCID: PMC5011915 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) was neuroprotective in rats following ischemic stroke. Neuroprotection by NRG-1 was associated with the suppression of pro-inflammatory gene expression in brain tissues. Over-activation of brain microglia can induce pro-inflammatory gene expression by activation of transcriptional regulators following stroke. Here, we examined how NRG-1 transcriptionally regulates inflammatory gene expression by computational bioinformatics and in vitro using microglial cells. Methods To identify transcriptional regulators involved in ischemia-induced inflammatory gene expression, rats were sacrificed 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and NRG-1 treatment. Gene expression profiles of brain tissues following ischemia and NRG-1 treatment were examined by microarray technology. The Conserved Transcription Factor-Binding Site Finder (CONFAC) bioinformatics software package was used to predict transcription factors associated with inflammatory genes induced following stroke and suppressed by NRG-1 treatment. NF-kappa B (NF-kB) was identified as a potential transcriptional regulator of NRG-1-suppressed genes following ischemia. The involvement of specific NF-kB subunits in NRG-1-mediated inflammatory responses was examined using N9 microglial cells pre-treated with NRG-1 (100 ng/ml) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 μg/ml) stimulation. The effects of NRG-1 on cytokine production were investigated using Luminex technology. The levels of the p65, p52, and RelB subunits of NF-kB and IkB-α were determined by western blot analysis and ELISA. Phosphorylation of IkB-α was investigated by ELISA. Results CONFAC identified 12 statistically over-represented transcription factor-binding sites (TFBS) in our dataset, including NF-kBP65. Using N9 microglial cells, we observed that NRG-1 significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNFα and IL-6 release. LPS increased the phosphorylation and degradation of IkB-α which was blocked by NRG-1. NRG-1 also prevented the nuclear translocation of the NF-kB p65 subunit following LPS administration. However, NRG-1 increased production of the neuroprotective cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the nuclear translocation of the NF-kB p52 subunit, which is associated with the induction of anti-apoptotic and suppression of pro-inflammatory gene expression. Conclusions Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of NRG-1 are associated with the differential regulation of NF-kB signaling pathways in microglia. Taken together, these findings suggest that NRG-1 may be a potential therapeutic treatment for treating stroke and other neuroinflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Brauer VM, Wiarda-Bell JR, Desaulniers AT, Cederberg RA, White BR. Functional activity of the porcine Gnrhr2 gene promoter in testis-derived cells is partially conferred by nuclear factor-κB, specificity protein 1 and 3 (SP1/3) and overlapping early growth response 1/SP1/3 binding sites. Gene 2016; 587:137-46. [PMID: 27134031 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the classical gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1), the second mammalian isoform (GnRH2) is ubiquitously expressed, suggesting a divergent function. Indeed, we demonstrated that GnRH2 governs LH-independent testosterone secretion in porcine testes via interaction with its receptor (GnRHR2) on Leydig cells. Transient transfections with luciferase reporter vectors containing 3009bp of 5' flanking sequence for the porcine Gnrhr2 gene (-3009pGL3) revealed promoter activity in all 15 cell lines examined, including swine testis-derived (ST) cells. Therefore, ST cells were utilized to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation of the porcine Gnrhr2 gene in the testis. Reporter plasmids containing progressive 5' deletions of the Gnrhr2 promoter indicated that the -708/-490 region contained elements critical to promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) with radiolabeled oligonucleotides spanning the -708/-490bp region and ST nuclear extracts, identified specific binding complexes for the -513/-490, -591/-571 and -606/-581bp segments of promoter. Antibody addition to EMSAs indicated that the p65 and p52 subunits of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) comprised the specific complex bound to the oligonucleotide probe for the -513/-490bp promoter region, specificity protein (SP) 1 and 3 bound the -591/-571bp probe and early growth response 1 (EGR1), SP1 and SP3 bound the -606/-581 radiolabeled oligonucleotide. Transient transfections with vectors containing mutations of the NF-κB (-499/-493), SP1/3 (-582/-575) or overlapping EGR1/SP1/3 (-597/-587) binding sites reduced luciferase activity by 26%, 61% and 56%, respectively (P<0.05). Thus, NF-κB, SP1/3 and overlapping EGR1/SP1/3 binding sites are critical to expression of the porcine Gnrhr2 gene in ST cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Brauer
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Wiarda-Bell
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Amy T Desaulniers
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Rebecca A Cederberg
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA
| | - Brett R White
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Regulation of the Adaptive Immune Response by the IκB Family Protein Bcl-3. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020014. [PMID: 27023613 PMCID: PMC4931663 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-3 is a member of the IκB family of proteins and an important regulator of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB activity. The ability of Bcl-3 to bind and regulate specific NF-κB dimers has been studied in great depth, but its physiological roles in vivo are still not fully understood. It is, however, becoming clear that Bcl-3 is essential for the proper development, survival and activity of adaptive immune cells. Bcl-3 dysregulation can be observed in a number of autoimmune pathologies, and Bcl3-deficient animals are more susceptible to bacterial and parasitic infection. This review will describe our current understanding of the roles played by Bcl-3 in the development and regulation of the adaptive immune response, including lymphoid organogenesis, immune tolerance, lymphocyte function and dendritic cell biology.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen CY, Lee DS, Yan YT, Shen CN, Hwang SM, Lee ST, Hsieh PC. Bcl3 Bridges LIF-STAT3 to Oct4 Signaling in the Maintenance of Naïve Pluripotency. Stem Cells 2015; 33:3468-80. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yun Chen
- Program in Molecular Medicine; National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Desy S. Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Cheng Kung University and Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Science; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center; Food Industry Research and Development Institute; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Sho Tone Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Science; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Patrick C.H. Hsieh
- Program in Molecular Medicine; National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science; Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Cheng Kung University and Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang J, Niu Z, Shi Y, Gao C, Wang X, Han J, Li J, Gao Z, Zhu X, Song X, Qin Z, Wang H. Bcl-3, induced by Tax and HTLV-1, inhibits NF-κB activation and promotes autophagy. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2797-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
Bcl-3 suppresses Tax-induced NF-κB activation through p65 nuclear translocation blockage in HTLV-1-infected cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:269-76. [PMID: 23135533 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax-induced persistent activation of the NF-κB pathway is perceived as the primary cause of adult T cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive leukemia caused by HTLV-1. Although elevated oncoprotein Bcl-3 levels are found in many HTLV-1-infected T cell lines and ATL cells, the role of Bcl-3 in the malignant progression caused by HTLV-1 retrovirus remains poorly understood. We confirmed, in the present study, that the Tax-induced NF-κB activation involves the regulation of Bcl-3. Both knockdown and overexpression of Bcl-3 inhibit the Tax-induced NF-κB activation. Similarly, excessive Bcl-3 inhibits the NF-κB/DNA binding activity and significantly decreases Tax-induced p65 nuclear translocation. The present results demonstrate the pleiotropic roles of Bcl-3 in Tax-induced NF-κB activation and indicate that a balance in the aberrant Bcl-3 expression may be established to play an important role in the maintenance of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in HTLV-1-infected and ATL cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hinz M, Arslan SÇ, Scheidereit C. It takes two to tango: IκBs, the multifunctional partners of NF-κB. Immunol Rev 2012; 246:59-76. [PMID: 22435547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory IκB proteins have been discovered as fundamental regulators of the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). As a generally excepted model, stimulus-dependent destruction of inhibitory IκBs and processing of precursor molecules, both promoted by components of the signal integrating IκB kinase complex, are the key events for the release of various NF-κB/Rel dimers and subsequent transcriptional activation. Intense research of more than 20 years provides evidence that the extending family of IκBs act not simply as reversible inhibitors of NF-κB activation but rather as a complex regulatory module, which assures feedback regulation of the NF-κB system and either can inhibit or promote transcriptional activity in a stimulus-dependent manner. Thus, IκB and NF-κB/Rel family proteins establish a complex interrelationship that allows modulated NF-κB-dependent transcription, tailored to the physiological environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hinz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hayden MS, Ghosh S. NF-κB, the first quarter-century: remarkable progress and outstanding questions. Genes Dev 2012; 26:203-34. [PMID: 22302935 DOI: 10.1101/gad.183434.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1295] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to sense and adjust to the environment is crucial to life. For multicellular organisms, the ability to respond to external changes is essential not only for survival but also for normal development and physiology. Although signaling events can directly modify cellular function, typically signaling acts to alter transcriptional responses to generate both transient and sustained changes. Rapid, but transient, changes in gene expression are mediated by inducible transcription factors such as NF-κB. For the past 25 years, NF-κB has served as a paradigm for inducible transcription factors and has provided numerous insights into how signaling events influence gene expression and physiology. Since its discovery as a regulator of expression of the κ light chain gene in B cells, research on NF-κB continues to yield new insights into fundamental cellular processes. Advances in understanding the mechanisms that regulate NF-κB have been accompanied by progress in elucidating the biological significance of this transcription factor in various physiological processes. NF-κB likely plays the most prominent role in the development and function of the immune system and, not surprisingly, when dysregulated, contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammatory disease. As our appreciation of the fundamental role of inflammation in disease pathogenesis has increased, so too has the importance of NF-κB as a key regulatory molecule gained progressively greater significance. However, despite the tremendous progress that has been made in understanding the regulation of NF-κB, there is much that remains to be understood. In this review, we highlight both the progress that has been made and the fundamental questions that remain unanswered after 25 years of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Hayden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Human lactoferrin upregulates BCL-3 in the K562 erythroleukemia cell. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-011-5410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
28
|
|
29
|
Hu ZZ, Kagan BL, Ariazi EA, Rosenthal DS, Zhang L, Li JV, Huang H, Wu C, Jordan VC, Riegel AT, Wellstein A. Proteomic analysis of pathways involved in estrogen-induced growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20410. [PMID: 21738574 PMCID: PMC3124472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen is a known growth promoter for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. Paradoxically, in breast cancer cells that have been chronically deprived of estrogen stimulation, re-introduction of the hormone can induce apoptosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we sought to identify signaling networks that are triggered by estradiol (E2) in isogenic MCF-7 breast cancer cells that undergo apoptosis (MCF-7:5C) versus cells that proliferate upon exposure to E2 (MCF-7). The nuclear receptor co-activator AIB1 (Amplified in Breast Cancer-1) is known to be rate-limiting for E2-induced cell survival responses in MCF-7 cells and was found here to also be required for the induction of apoptosis by E2 in the MCF-7:5C cells. Proteins that interact with AIB1 as well as complexes that contain tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were isolated by immunoprecipitation and identified by mass spectrometry (MS) at baseline and after a brief exposure to E2 for two hours. Bioinformatic network analyses of the identified protein interactions were then used to analyze E2 signaling pathways that trigger apoptosis versus survival. Comparison of MS data with a computationally-predicted AIB1 interaction network showed that 26 proteins identified in this study are within this network, and are involved in signal transduction, transcription, cell cycle regulation and protein degradation. CONCLUSIONS G-protein-coupled receptors, PI3 kinase, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were most strongly associated with E2-induced proliferation or apoptosis and are integrated here into a global AIB1 signaling network that controls qualitatively distinct responses to estrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Zhi Hu
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. Kagan
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Eric A. Ariazi
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dean S. Rosenthal
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jordan V. Li
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Hongzhan Huang
- Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Cathy Wu
- Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - V. Craig Jordan
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
O'Dea E, Hoffmann A. NF-κB signaling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 1:107-115. [PMID: 20151024 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor is a critical regulator of the immune system, and is responsive to a large number of stimuli. Different stimuli engage signaling pathways to activate NF-κB, and effect distinct cellular responses. Mathematical modeling of the NF-κB network has been useful in studying the dynamic and cross-talk regulation of NF-κB. In this review, we discuss the regulation of NF-κB activity in response to different types of stimuli, including inflammatory signals, developmental cues, metabolic stress, and DNA damage. The distinct molecular mechanisms engaged in each pathway for activating and terminating NF-κB activity are discussed. In addition, we summarize the evidence for cross-talk mechanisms that allow for different stimuli to be integrated within the NF-κB signaling module to produce synergistic or qualitatively different signaling outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen O'Dea
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Manavalan B, Basith S, Choi YM, Lee G, Choi S. Structure-function relationship of cytoplasmic and nuclear IκB proteins: an in silico analysis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15782. [PMID: 21203422 PMCID: PMC3009747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic IκB proteins are primary regulators that interact with NF-κB subunits in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells. Upon stimulation, these IκB proteins are rapidly degraded, thus allowing NF-κB to translocate into the nucleus and activate the transcription of genes encoding various immune mediators. Subsequent to translocation, nuclear IκB proteins play an important role in the regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity by acting either as activators or inhibitors. To date, molecular basis for the binding of IκBα, IκBβ and IκBζ along with their partners is known; however, the activation and inhibition mechanism of the remaining IκB (IκBNS, IκBε and Bcl-3) proteins remains elusive. Moreover, even though IκB proteins are structurally similar, it is difficult to determine the exact specificities of IκB proteins towards their respective binding partners. The three-dimensional structures of IκBNS, IκBζ and IκBε were modeled. Subsequently, we used an explicit solvent method to perform detailed molecular dynamic simulations of these proteins along with their known crystal structures (IκBα, IκBβ and Bcl-3) in order to investigate the flexibility of the ankyrin repeat domains (ARDs). Furthermore, the refined models of IκBNS, IκBε and Bcl-3 were used for multiple protein-protein docking studies for the identification of IκBNS-p50/p50, IκBε-p50/p65 and Bcl-3-p50/p50 complexes in order to study the structural basis of their activation and inhibition. The docking experiments revealed that IκBε masked the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the p50/p65 subunits, thereby preventing its translocation into the nucleus. For the Bcl-3- and IκBNS-p50/p50 complexes, the results show that Bcl-3 mediated transcription through its transactivation domain (TAD) while IκBNS inhibited transcription due to its lack of a TAD, which is consistent with biochemical studies. Additionally, the numbers of identified flexible residues were equal in number among all IκB proteins, although they were not conserved. This could be the primary reason for their binding partner specificities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balachandran Manavalan
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaherin Basith
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oeckinghaus A, Ghosh S. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2010; 1:a000034. [PMID: 20066092 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1933] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) consists of a family of transcription factors that play critical roles in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Inducible NF-kappaB activation depends on phosphorylation-induced proteosomal degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB proteins (IkappaBs), which retain inactive NF-kappaB dimers in the cytosol in unstimulated cells. The majority of the diverse signaling pathways that lead to NF-kappaB activation converge on the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex, which is responsible for IkappaB phosphorylation and is essential for signal transduction to NF-kappaB. Additional regulation of NF-kappaB activity is achieved through various post-translational modifications of the core components of the NF-kappaB signaling pathways. In addition to cytosolic modifications of IKK and IkappaB proteins, as well as other pathway-specific mediators, the transcription factors are themselves extensively modified. Tremendous progress has been made over the last two decades in unraveling the elaborate regulatory networks that control the NF-kappaB response. This has made the NF-kappaB pathway a paradigm for understanding general principles of signal transduction and gene regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Oeckinghaus
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang Z, Song L, Huang C. Gadd45 proteins as critical signal transducers linking NF-kappaB to MAPK cascades. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2009; 9:915-30. [PMID: 20025601 PMCID: PMC3762688 DOI: 10.2174/156800909790192383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) proteins are a group of critical signal transducers that are involved in regulations of many cellular functions. Accumulated data indicate that all three Gadd45 proteins (i.e., Gadd45alpha, Gadd45beta, and Gadd45gamma) play essential roles in connecting an upstream sensor module, the transcription Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), to a transcriptional regulating module, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). This NF-kappaB-Gadd45(s)-MAPK pathway responds to various kinds of extracellular stimuli and regulates such cell activities as growth arrest, differentiation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Defects in this pathway can also be related to oncogenesis. In the first part of this review, the functions of Gadd45 proteins, and briefly NF-kappaB and MAPK, are summarized. In the second part, the mechanisms by which Gadd45 proteins are regulated by NF-kappaB, and how they affect MAPK activation, are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Yang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| | - L. Song
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - C. Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Background: Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is capable of activating the cell death pathway, and has been implicated in killing transformed cells. However, TNF also activates survival signals, including NF-κB activation and the subsequent expression of anti-apoptotic genes, leading to protection against TNF toxicity. Methods: In this study, we show that, although untransformed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were resistant to TNF killing, E1A/Ras-transformed MEFs were susceptible to extensive apoptosis induced by TNF. The key factors for determining TNF sensitivity were explored by comparing wild-type and E1A/Ras-transformed MEFs. Results: TNF signalling to NF-κB and to its target genes such as IκBα seemed to be mostly intact in E1A/Ras-transformed cells. Instead, the induction of A20 was completely abolished in E1A/Ras-transformed MEFs, although A20 is known to be NF-κB dependent. Reintroduction of A20 into E1A/Ras-transformed MEFs rescued these cells from TNF-induced death and reduced the formation of the FADD/caspase-8 complex. This impaired A20 induction in E1A/Ras MEFs was not because of the stabilisation of p53 or a defective TNF-induced p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling. Consistently, we found a reduced A20 promoter activity but normal NF-κB activity in TNF-treated E1A/Ras MEFs. However, Bcl-3 seemed to have a role in the transactivation of the A20 promoter in E1A/Ras cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that specific inhibition of certain survival factors, such as A20, may determine the sensitivity to TNF-induced apoptosis in transformed cells such as E1A/Ras MEFs.
Collapse
|
35
|
Raices RM, Kannan Y, Bellamkonda-Athmaram V, Seshadri S, Wang H, Guttridge DC, Wewers MD. A novel role for IkappaBzeta in the regulation of IFNgamma production. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6776. [PMID: 19707556 PMCID: PMC2727951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IkappaBzeta is a novel member of the IkappaB family of NFkappaB regulators, which modulates NFkappaB activity in the nucleus, rather than controlling its nuclear translocation. IkappaBzeta is specifically induced by IL-1beta and several TLR ligands and positively regulates NFkappaB-mediated transcription of genes such as IL-6 and NGAL as an NFkappaB binding co-factor. We recently reported that the IL-1 family cytokines, IL-1beta and IL-18, strongly synergize with TNFalpha for IFNgamma production in KG-1 cells, whereas the same cytokines alone have minimal effects on IFNgamma production. Given the striking similarities between the IL-1R and IL-18R signaling pathways we hypothesized that a common signaling event or gene product downstream of these receptors is responsible for the observed synergy. We investigated IkappaBzeta protein expression in KG-1 cells upon stimulation with IL-1beta, IL-18 and TNFalpha. Our results demonstrated that IL-18, as well as IL-1beta, induced moderate IkappaBzeta expression in KG-1 cells. However, TNFalpha synergized with IL-1beta and IL-18, whereas by itself it had a minimal effect on IkappaBzeta expression. NFkappaB inhibition resulted in decreased IL-1beta/IL-18/TNFalpha-stimulated IFNgamma release. Moreover, silencing of IkappaBzeta expression led to a specific decrease in IFNgamma production. Overall, our data suggests that IkappaBzeta positively regulates NFkappaB-mediated IFNgamma production in KG-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M. Raices
- The Ohio State University, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yashaswini Kannan
- The Ohio State University, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Sudarshan Seshadri
- The Ohio State University, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Huating Wang
- The Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- The Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Wewers
- The Ohio State University, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is an inducible transcription factor that tightly regulates the expression of a large cohort of genes. As a key component of the cellular machinery NF-κB is involved in a wide range of biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, cellular stress responses, cell adhesion, apoptosis and proliferation. Appropriate regulation of NF-κB is critical for the proper function and survival of the cell. Aberrant NF-κB activity has now been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Systems governing NF-κB activity are complex and there is an increased understanding of the importance of nuclear events in regulating NF-κB's activities as a transcription factor. A number of novel nuclear regulators of NF-κB such as IκB-ζ and PDZ and LIM domain 2 (PDLIM2) have now been identified, adding another layer to the mechanics of NF-κB regulation. Further insight into the functions of these molecules raises the prospect for better understanding and rational design of therapeutics for several important diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Mankan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bcl3 interacts cooperatively with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator 1alpha to coactivate nuclear receptors estrogen-related receptor alpha and PPARalpha. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:4091-102. [PMID: 19451226 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01669-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) play critical roles in regulation of cellular energy metabolism in response to inducible coactivators such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha). A yeast two-hybrid screen led to the identification of the cytokine-stimulated transcriptional regulator, Bcl3, as an ERRalpha coactivator. Bcl3 was shown to synergize with PGC-1alpha to coactivate ERRalpha. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that ERRalpha, PGC-1alpha, and Bcl3 form a complex on an ERRalpha-responsive element within the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 gene promoter in cardiac myocytes. Mapping studies demonstrated that Bc13 interacts with PGC-1alpha and ERRalpha, allowing for interaction with both proteins. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated that Bcl3 activates genes involved in diverse pathways including a subset involved in cellular energy metabolism known to be regulated by PGC-1alpha, ERRalpha, and a second nuclear receptor, PPARalpha. Consistent with the gene expression profiling results, Bcl3 was shown to synergistically coactivate PPARalpha with PGC-1alpha in a manner similar to ERRalpha. We propose that the cooperativity between Bcl3 and PGC-1alpha may serve as a point of convergence on nuclear receptor targets to direct programs orchestrating inflammatory and energy metabolism responses in heart and other tissues.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The transcription factor, NF-kappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB) and associated regulatory factors make up a multi-component signaling pathway that regulates a wide range of biological processes, including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, stress response, and death, as well as immunity and inflammation. Aberrant NF-kappaB pathway activity is known to be associated with a host of diseases, including immune deficiencies, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Recent advances in our understanding of the inner workings of the NF-kappaB pathway have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. In this review, we focus on the regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway by Bcl-3 (B cell leukemia-3), a nuclear member of the IkappaB (inhibitor of NF-kappaB) family. Both the regulation and the function of Bcl-3 will be discussed.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Immunological adjuvants, such as bacterial LPS, increase the mRNA levels of the IkB-related NF-κB transcriptional transactivator, Bcl-3, in activated T cells. Adjuvants also increase the life expectancy of activated T cells, as does over-expression of Bcl-3, suggesting that Bcl-3 is part of the pathway whereby adjuvants affect T cell lifespans. However, previous reports, confirmed here, show that adjuvants also increase the life expectancies of Bcl-3-deficient T cells, making Bcl-3’s role and effects in adjuvant-induced survival uncertain. To investigate the functions of Bcl-3 further, here we confirm the adjuvant-induced expression of Bcl-3 mRNA and show Bcl-3 induction at the protein level. Bcl-3 was expressed in mice via a transgene driven by the human CD2 promoter. Like other protective events, over-expression of Bcl-3 slows T cell activation very early in T cell responses to antigen, both in vitro and in vivo. This property was intrinsic to the T cells over-expressing the Bcl-3 and did not require Bcl-3 expression by other cells such as antigen-presenting cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F J Bassetti
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Research on the biological function of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a key mediator of inducible transcription in the immune system, has traditionally focused on its role in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. These studies have largely concentrated on the mechanisms of signalling that lead to NF-kappaB activation and on the positive role of NF-kappaB in both physiological immunity and pathological inflammation. More recently, there has been growing interest in the mechanisms that directly regulate the NF-kappaB transcriptional programmes. As a result, several new NF-kappaB regulatory components have been identified and some of the known components have been assigned new roles. In this Review, we discuss these new insights into the regulation of NF-kappaB.
Collapse
|
41
|
Nordquist J, Höglund AS, Norman H, Tang X, Dworkin B, Larsson L. Transcription factors in muscle atrophy caused by blocked neuromuscular transmission and muscle unloading in rats. Mol Med 2007; 13:461-70. [PMID: 17622304 PMCID: PMC2014727 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00066.nordquist] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscle wasting associated with long-term intensive care unit (ICU) treatment has a negative effect on muscle function resulting in prolonged periods of rehabilitation and a decreased quality of life. To identify mechanisms behind this form of muscle wasting, we have used a rat model designed to mimic the conditions in an ICU. Rats were pharmacologically paralyzed with a postsynaptic blocker of neuromuscular transmission, and mechanically ventilated for one to two weeks, thereby unloading the limb muscles. Transcription factors were analyzed for cellular localization and nuclear concentration in the fast-twitch muscle extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and in the slow-twitch soleus. Significant muscle wasting and upregulation of mRNA for the ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF1 followed the treatment. The IkappaB family-member Bcl-3 displayed a concomitant decrease in concentration, suggesting altered kappaB controlled gene expression, although NFkappaB p65 was not significantly affected. The nuclear levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the thyroid receptor alpha1 (TRalpha1) were altered and also suggested as potential mediators of the MAFbx- and MuRF1-induction in the absence of induced Foxo1. We believe that this model, and the strategy of quantifying nuclear proteins, will provide a valuable tool for further, more detailed, analyses of the muscle wasting occurring in patients kept on a mechanical ventilator.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hindlimb Suspension
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Atrophy/chemically induced
- Muscular Atrophy/metabolism
- Muscular Atrophy/pathology
- Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/genetics
- SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Tripartite Motif Proteins
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Nordquist
- Department of Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang X, Wang H, Claudio E, Brown K, Siebenlist U. A role for the IkappaB family member Bcl-3 in the control of central immunologic tolerance. Immunity 2007; 27:438-52. [PMID: 17869136 PMCID: PMC2000815 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-3 is a member of the family of IkappaB inhibitors. Unlike the classical, cytoplasmic IkappaBs, Bcl-3 does not inhibit RelA- or c-Rel-containing NF-kappaB transcription factor dimers. Instead, Bcl-3 can enter the nucleus and modulate NF-kappaB activity, although the underlying mechanism and physiologic function remain largely unknown. Here we identified Bcl-3 as a regulator of immunologic tolerance to self. In parallel with NF-kappaB2, Bcl-3 functions within stroma to generate medullary thymic epithelial cells, which are essential for negative selection of autoreactive T cells. Loss of both NF-kappaB2 and Bcl-3, but not either one alone, led to a profound breakdown in central tolerance resulting in rapid and fatal multiorgan inflammation. These data reveal extensive utilization of the NF-kappaB system to promote central tolerance in the thymus, in apparent contrast with the well-known roles of NF-kappaB to promote inflammation and autoimmunity in the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoren Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nadella MVP, Dirksen WP, Nadella KS, Shu S, Cheng AS, Morgenstern JA, Richard V, Fernandez SA, Huang TH, Guttridge D, Rosol TJ. Transcriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein promoter P2 by NF-kappaB in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leukemia 2007; 21:1752-62. [PMID: 17554373 PMCID: PMC2676796 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a primary role in the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) that occurs in the majority of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) due to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. We previously showed that ATLL cells constitutively express high levels of PTHrP via activation of promoters P2 and P3, resulting in HHM. In this study, we characterized a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding site in the P2 promoter of human PTHrP. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we detected a specific complex in Tax-expressing human T cells composed of p50/c-Rel, and two distinct complexes in ATLL cells consisting of p50/p50 homodimers and a second unidentified protein(s). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed in vivo binding of p50 and c-Rel on the PTHrP P2 promoter. Using transient co-transfection with NF-kappaB expression plasmids and PTHrP P2 luciferase reporter-plasmid, we showed that NF-kappaB p50/p50 alone and p50/c-Rel or p50/Bcl-3 cooperatively upregulated the PTHrP P2 promoter. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by Bay 11-7082 reduced PTHrP P2 promoter-initiated transcripts in HTLV-1-infected T cells. In summary, the data demonstrated that transcriptional regulation of PTHrP in ATLL cells can be controlled by NF-kappaB activation and also suggest a Tax-independent mechanism of activation of PTHrP in ATLL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HTLV-I Infections/metabolism
- HTLV-I Infections/virology
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Plasmids
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MVP Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - WP Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - KS Nadella
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Shu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - AS Cheng
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - JA Morgenstern
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V Richard
- Pfizer, Sandwich Laboratories, Kent, UK
| | - SA Fernandez
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - TH Huang
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Guttridge
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - TJ Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang J, Warren MA, Shoemaker SF, Ip MM. NFkappaB1/p50 is not required for tumor necrosis factor-stimulated growth of primary mammary epithelial cells: implications for NFkappaB2/p52 and RelB. Endocrinology 2007; 148:268-78. [PMID: 17008396 PMCID: PMC1713261 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) plays an important role in mammary gland development and breast cancer. We previously demonstrated that TNF stimulates growth of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) in a physiologically relevant three-dimensional primary culture system, accompanied by enhanced DNA-binding of the NFkappaB p50 homodimer. To further understand the mechanism of TNF-stimulated growth of primary MEC, the requirement for NFkappaB1/p50, and the role of cyclin D1 in TNF-stimulated growth were examined. TNF induced the formation of DNA-binding complexes of p50 and p52 with their coactivator bcl3 in MEC nuclear extracts. Concomitantly, TNF increased the binding of NFkappaB proteins to the kappaB site on the cyclin D1 promoter, and increased expression of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein. Using MEC from p50 null mice, we found that p50 was not required for TNF-induced growth nor for up-regulation of cyclin D1. However, TNF induced a p52/RelB NFkappaB DNA-binding complex in p50 null MEC nuclear extracts. In addition, we found that in wild-type MEC, TNF stimulated the occupancy of p52 and RelB on the cyclin D1 promoter kappaB site, whereas p50 was present constitutively. These data suggest that in wild-type MEC, TNF stimulates the interaction of bcl3 with p50 and p52, and the binding of p52, as well as RelB, to cyclin D1 promoter kappaB sites, and as a consequence, stimulates the growth of MEC. In the absence of p50, p52 and RelB can compensate for p50 in TNF-stimulated growth and cyclin D1 induction in MEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Margot M. Ip
- Corresponding Author: Margot M. Ip, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, N.Y. 14263. Tel: (716)-845-2356; Fax: (716)-845-5865; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brocke-Heidrich K, Ge B, Cvijic H, Pfeifer G, Löffler D, Henze C, McKeithan TW, Horn F. BCL3 is induced by IL-6 via Stat3 binding to intronic enhancer HS4 and represses its own transcription. Oncogene 2006; 25:7297-304. [PMID: 16732314 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BCL3 is a proto-oncogene affected by chromosomal translocations in some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is an IkappaB family protein that is involved in transcriptional regulation of a number of NF-kappaB target genes. In this study, interleukin (IL)-6-induced BCL3 expression and its effect on survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells were examined. We demonstrate the upregulation of BCL3 by IL-6 in INA-6 and other MM cell lines. Sequence analysis of the BCL3 gene locus revealed four potential signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) binding sites within two conserved intronic enhancers regions: one located within enhancer HS3 and three within HS4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed increased Stat3 binding to both enhancers upon IL-6 stimulation. Silencing Stat3 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated BCL3 expression by IL-6. Using reporter gene assays, we demonstrate that BCL3 transcription depends on HS4. Mutation of the Stat motifs within HS4 abolished IL-6-dependent BCL3 induction. Furthermore, BCL3 transcription was inhibited by its own gene product. This repressive feedback is mediated by NF-kappaB sites within the promoter and HS3. Finally, we show that overexpression of BCL3 increases apoptosis, whereas BCL3-specific siRNA does not affect the viability of INA-6 cells suggesting that BCL3 is not essential for the survival of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Brocke-Heidrich
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ohno H, Nishikori M, Maesako Y, Haga H. Reappraisal of BCL3 as a Molecular Marker of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2005; 82:397-405. [PMID: 16533741 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The BCL3 gene was initially discovered through its involvement in a recurring translocation, t(14;19)(q32;q13), which is found in some patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). The translocation leads to the juxtaposition of BCL3 to the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus, resulting in high-level expression of the BCL3 transcript. The Bcl-3 protein includes 7 tandem copies of the ankyrin repeat element in the central domain, a structure that is characteristic of the IkappaB family of inhibitors of the nuclear factor kappaB transcription factors. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a subtype of aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is characterized by expression of CD30 and the NPM/ALK chimeric protein, which is generated by t(2;5)(p23;q35). We compared the gene expression profiles of ALCL with those of another CD30+ neoplasm, Hodgkin's disease (HD), and found that BCL3 is expressed at higher levels in ALCL than in HD. A comparison by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that t(2;5)+ ALCL expresses a high level of BCL3 messenger RNA relative to the levels expressed in other hematologic tumors, and the level in ALCL is comparable to or even higher than that in t(14;19)+ B-CLL. An immunohistochemical analysis of ALCL tumor tissues showed that the lymphoma cells exhibited strong nuclear staining by a monoclonal antibody against Bcl-3. We suggest that Bcl-3 sequestrates the (p50)2 homodimer to the nucleus and that the kappaB sites are occupied by the (p50)2/Bcl-3 ternary complex. Future studies should identify the relationships among the 3 independent molecules (ie, NPM/ALK, CD30, and Bcl-3) that are activated in t(2;5)+ ALCL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ohno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Takeda General Hospital, 28-1 Mori-minami-cho, Ishida, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 601-1495, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yeh PY, Kuo SH, Yeh KH, Chuang SE, Hsu CH, Chang WC, Lin HI, Gao M, Cheng AL. A pathway for tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced Bcl10 nuclear translocation. Bcl10 is up-regulated by NF-kappaB and phosphorylated by Akt1 and then complexes with Bcl3 to enter the nucleus. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:167-75. [PMID: 16280327 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511014200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl10 overexpression and nuclear translocation were originally identified in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with t(1;14)(p32;q32) chromosome translocation. DNA amplification of Bcl10 was also found in other solid tumors. We have recently shown that nuclear translocation of Bcl10 is a specific molecular determinant of Helicobacter pylori-independent mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (Kuo, S.-H., Chen, L. T., Yeh, K.-H., Wu, M. S., Hsu, H. C., Yeh, P. Y., Mao, T. L., Chen, C. L., Doong, S. L., Lin, J. T., and Cheng, A.-L. (2004) J. Clin. Oncol. 22, 3491-3497). However, the molecular mechanism of Bcl10 nuclear translocation remains unknown. In this study, we observed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) up-regulates the expression of Bcl10 and induces a fraction of Bcl10 nuclear translocation in human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that an NF-kappaB-binding site resides in the Bcl10 5 '-untranslated region. This study also demonstrates that Akt1, activated by TNFalpha, phosphorylates Bcl10 at Ser218 and Ser231 and that phosphorylated Bcl10 subsequently complexes with Bcl3 to enter the nucleus. Either inhibition of Akt1 or depletion of Bcl3 blocks Bcl10 nuclear translocation. In summary, these findings characterize a molecular linkage that directs Bcl10 nuclear translocation in response to TNFalpha treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yen Yeh
- Cancer Research Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhao Y, Ramakrishnan A, Kim KE, Rabson AB. Regulation of Bcl-3 through interaction with the Lck tyrosine kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 335:865-73. [PMID: 16099425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
bcl-3 is a protooncogene which undergoes chromosomal translocation in a subset of chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia cells. Bcl-3 is a unique IkappaB family protein that regulates transcription of a number of NF-kappaB target genes through interactions with NF-kappaB dimers. Based on previous studies, suggesting that Bcl-3 interacts with the Fyn tyrosine kinase in platelets, we investigated possible interactions of Bcl-3 with Lck, a related tyrosine kinase important in lymphoid cells. Protein-protein interactions between Bcl-3 and the Lck tyrosine kinase were identified both in vitro and in vivo. Lck enhanced Bcl-3-mediated activation of a p52/Bcl-3-responsive promoter in reporter gene assays independent of its tyrosine kinase activity, but requiring the Lck SH3 protein interaction domain. These studies suggest that Bcl-3 might participate in oncogenic pathways involving Lck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nishikori M, Ohno H, Haga H, Uchiyama T. Stimulation of CD30 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma leads to production of nuclear factor-kappaB p52, which is associated with hyperphosphorylated Bcl-3. Cancer Sci 2005; 96:487-97. [PMID: 16108830 PMCID: PMC11159099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) express CD30 at high levels, but stimulation of this molecule has been reported to induce contradictory effects. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of CD30-mediated apoptosis of ALCL, we compared the gene expression profiles of t(2;5)(p23;q35)-positive ALCL with those of HL altered by CD30 agonistic stimulation. The results showed that BCL3, the high-level expression of which in ALCL was previously reported, was further upregulated in response to CD30 stimulation, along with several pro-apoptotic genes. Bcl-3 protein was present as an intermediate phospho-form in the resting-state ALCL, becoming hyperphosphorylated (Bcl-3P) upon stimulation. We next found that the stimulation promoted de novo synthesis of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB2/p100 precursor as well as processing to p52, and a series of immunoprecipitation and western blotting analyses consistently showed association of Bcl-3P with p52 in CD30-stimulated ALCL. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed the induction of kappaB binding activity of the p52 homodimer, and nuclear colocalization of Bcl-3 and p52 was demonstrated in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive ALCL tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. As Bcl-3 can act as an anti-repressor or transactivator or both, we propose that the (p52)2/Bcl-3P ternary complex, which is specifically induced in CD30-stimulated ALCL, can modulate expression of apoptosis-related genes regulated by NF-kappaB, thereby accounting for CD30-mediated apoptosis of ALCL.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Humans
- Ki-1 Antigen/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B p52 Subunit
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Translocation, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Nishikori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawara-cho, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Viatour P, Dejardin E, Warnier M, Lair F, Claudio E, Bureau F, Marine JC, Merville MP, Maurer U, Green D, Piette J, Siebenlist U, Bours V, Chariot A. GSK3-mediated BCL-3 phosphorylation modulates its degradation and its oncogenicity. Mol Cell 2004; 16:35-45. [PMID: 15469820 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Revised: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oncoprotein BCL-3 is a nuclear transcription factor that activates NF-kappaB target genes through formation of heterocomplexes with p50 or p52. BCL-3 is phosphorylated in vivo, but specific BCL-3 kinases have not been identified so far. In this report, we show that BCL-3 is a substrate for the protein kinase GSK3 and that GSK3-mediated BCL-3 phosphorylation, which is inhibited by Akt activation, targets its degradation through the proteasome pathway. This phosphorylation modulates its association with HDAC1, -3, and -6 and attenuates its oncogenicity by selectively controlling the expression of a subset of newly identified target genes such as SLPI and Cxcl1. Our results therefore suggest that constitutive BCL-3 phosphorylation by GSK3 regulates BCL-3 turnover and transcriptional activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Viatour
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry and Human Genetics, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|