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Liu W, Xiong W, Liu W, Hirakawa J, Kawashima H. A novel monoclonal antibody against 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x glycans attenuates murine allergic rhinitis by suppressing Th2 immune responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15740. [PMID: 37735247 PMCID: PMC10514285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte homing is mediated by the interaction between L-selectin on lymphocytes and its glycoprotein ligands modified with 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x (6-sulfo sLex) glycans on high endothelial venules (HEVs) in peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs). However, the lack of specific antibodies reactive with both human and mouse 6-sulfo sLex has limited our understanding of its function in vivo. Here, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody, termed SF1, that specifically reacts with 6-sulfo sLex expressed on HEVs in both species in a manner dependent on sulfate, fucose, and sialic acid modifications. Glycan array and biolayer interferometry analyses indicated that SF1 specifically bound to 6-sulfo sLex with a dissociation constant of 6.09 × 10-9 M. SF1 specifically bound to four glycoproteins from PLNs corresponding to the molecular sizes of L-selectin ligand glycoproteins. Consistently, SF1 inhibited L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte rolling on 6-sulfo sLex-expressing cells ex vivo and lymphocyte homing to PLNs and nasal-associated lymphoid tissues in vivo. Furthermore, SF1 significantly attenuated ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice in association with significant suppression of Th2 immune responses. Collectively, these results suggest that SF1 can be useful for the functional analysis of 6-sulfo sLex and may potentially serve as a novel therapeutic agent against immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Wei Xiong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Jotaro Hirakawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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2
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Khanal S, Wieland A, Gunderson AJ. Mechanisms of tertiary lymphoid structure formation: cooperation between inflammation and antigenicity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267654. [PMID: 37809103 PMCID: PMC10551175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To mount an effective anti-tumor immune response capable of controlling or eliminating disease, sufficient numbers of lymphocytes must be recruited to malignant tissue and allowed to sustain their effector functions. Indeed, higher infiltration of T and B cells in tumor tissue, often referred to as "hot tumors", is prognostic for patient survival and predictive of response to immunotherapy in almost all cancer types. The organization of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in solid tumors is a unique example of a hot tumor whereby T and B lymphocytes aggregate with antigen presenting cells and high endothelial venules reflecting the cellular organization observed in lymphoid tissue. Many groups have reported that the presence of preexisting TLS in tumors is associated with a superior adaptive immune response, response to immunotherapy, and improved survivorship over those without TLS. Accordingly, there is significant interest into understanding the mechanisms of how and why TLS organize so that they can be elicited therapeutically in patients with few or no TLS. Unfortunately, the most commonly used mouse models of cancer do not spontaneously form TLS, thus significantly restricting our understanding of TLS biology. This brief review will summarize our current state of knowledge of TLS neogenesis and address the current gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijan Khanal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J. Gunderson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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3
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Pinto D, Parameswaran R. Role of Truncated O-GalNAc Glycans in Cancer Progression and Metastasis in Endocrine Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3266. [PMID: 37444377 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are an essential part of cells, playing a fundamental role in many pathophysiological processes such as cell differentiation, adhesion, motility, signal transduction, host-pathogen interactions, tumour cell invasion, and metastasis development. These glycans are also able to exert control over the changes in tumour immunogenicity, interfering with tumour-editing events and leading to immune-resistant cancer cells. The incomplete synthesis of O-glycans or the formation of truncated glycans such as the Tn-antigen (Thomsen nouveau; GalNAcα- Ser/Thr), its sialylated version the STn-antigen (sialyl-Tn; Neu5Acα2-6GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) and the elongated T-antigen (Thomsen-Friedenreich; Galβ1-3GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) has been shown to be associated with tumour progression and metastatic state in many human cancers. Prognosis in various human cancers is significantly poor when they dedifferentiate or metastasise. Recent studies in glycobiology have shown truncated O-glycans to be a hallmark of cancer cells, and when expressed, increase the oncogenicity by promoting dedifferentiation, risk of metastasis by impaired adhesion (mediated by selectins and integrins), and resistance to immunological killing by NK cells. Insight into these truncated glycans provides a complimentary and attractive route for cancer antigen discovery. The recent emergence of immunotherapies against cancers is predicted to harness the potential of using such agents against cancer-associated truncated glycans. In this review, we explore the role of truncated O-glycans in cancer progression and metastasis along with some recent studies on the role of O-glycans in endocrine cancers affecting the thyroid and adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diluka Pinto
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Rajeev Parameswaran
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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4
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Das KK, Brown JW. 3'-sulfated Lewis A/C: An oncofetal epitope associated with metaplastic and oncogenic plasticity of the gastrointestinal foregut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089028. [PMID: 36866273 PMCID: PMC9971977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer arise from normal epithelia via a plastic cellular transformation, typically in the setting of chronic inflammation. Such transformations are the focus of numerous studies that strive to identify the changes in RNA/Protein expression that drive such plasticity along with the contributions from the mesenchyme and immune cells. However, despite being widely utilized clinically as biomarkers for such transitions, the role of glycosylation epitopes is understudied in this context. Here, we explore 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C, a clinically validated biomarker for high-risk metaplasia and cancer throughout the gastrointestinal foregut: esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. We discuss the clinical correlation of sulfomucin expression with metaplastic and oncogenic transformation, as well as its synthesis, intracellular and extracellular receptors and suggest potential roles for 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C in contributing to and maintaining these malignant cellular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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5
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Takeda-Uchimura Y, Ikezaki M, Akama TO, Nishioka K, Ihara Y, Allain F, Nishitsuji K, Uchimura K. Complementary Role of GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3 in Synthesis of CL40-Reactive Sialylated and Sulfated Glycans in the Mouse Pleural Mesothelium. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144543. [PMID: 35889417 PMCID: PMC9320226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X (6-sulfo sLeX) and its derivative sialyl 6-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) are sialylated and sulfated glycans of sialomucins found in the high endothelial venules (HEVs) of secondary lymphoid organs. A component of 6-sulfo sLeX present in the core 1-extended O-linked glycans detected by the MECA-79 antibody was previously shown to exist in the lymphoid aggregate vasculature and bronchial mucosa of allergic and asthmatic lungs. The components of 6-sulfo sLeX in pulmonary tissues under physiological conditions remain to be analyzed. The CL40 antibody recognizes 6-sulfo sLeX and sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc in O-linked and N-linked glycans, with absolute requirements for both GlcNAc-6-sulfation and sialylation. Immunostaining of normal mouse lungs with CL40 was performed and analyzed. The contribution of GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases (GlcNAc6STs) to the synthesis of the CL40 epitope in the lungs was also elucidated. Here, we show that the expression of the CL40 epitope was specifically detected in the mesothelin-positive mesothelium of the pulmonary pleura. Moreover, GlcNAc6ST2 (encoded by Chst4) and GlcNAc6ST3 (encoded by Chst5), but not GlcNAc6ST1 (encoded by Chst2) or GlcNAc6ST4 (encoded by Chst7), are required for the synthesis of CL40-positive glycans in the lung mesothelium. Furthermore, neither GlcNAc6ST2 nor GlcNAc6ST3 is sufficient for in vivo expression of the CL40 epitope in the lung mesothelium, as demonstrated by GlcNAc6ST1/3/4 triple-knock-out and GlcNAc6ST1/2/4 triple-knock-out mice. These results indicate that CL40-positive sialylated and sulfated glycans are abundant in the pleural mesothelium and are synthesized complementarily by GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3, under physiological conditions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takeda-Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59655 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 570-8506, Japan;
| | - Kaho Nishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan;
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59655 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.)
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59655 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-20-33-72-39
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6
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Bister A, Ibach T, Haist C, Smorra D, Roellecke K, Wagenmann M, Scheckenbach K, Gattermann N, Wiek C, Hanenberg H. A novel CD34-derived hinge for rapid and efficient detection and enrichment of CAR T cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 23:534-546. [PMID: 34901395 PMCID: PMC8640169 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has revolutionized modern cancer therapy and has achieved remarkable remission and survival rates for several malignancies with historically dismal outcomes. The hinge of the CAR connects the antigen binding to the transmembrane domain and can be exploited to confer features to CAR T cells including additional stimulation, targeted elimination or detection and enrichment of the genetically modified cells. For establishing a novel hinge derived from human CD34, we systematically tested CD34 fragments of different lengths, all containing the binding site of the QBend-10 monoclonal antibody, in a FMC63-based CD19 CAR lentiviral construct. A final construct of 99 amino acids called C6 proved to be the best candidate for flow cytometry-based detection of CAR T cells and >95% enrichment of genetically modified T cells on MACS columns. The C6 hinge was functionally indistinguishable from the commonly used CD8α hinge in vitro as well as in in vivo experiments in NSG mice. We also showed that the C6 hinge can be used for a variety of different CARs and mediates high killing efficacy without unspecific activation by target antigen-negative cells, thus making C6 ideally suited as a universal hinge for CARs for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tabea Ibach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Haist
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Smorra
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Roellecke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Wagenmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Gattermann
- Department of Hematology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
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7
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Segura J, He B, Ireland J, Zou Z, Shen T, Roth G, Sun PD. The Role of L-Selectin in HIV Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:725741. [PMID: 34659153 PMCID: PMC8511817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.725741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV envelope glycoprotein is the most heavily glycosylated viral protein complex identified with over 20 glycans on its surface. This glycan canopy is thought to primarily shield the virus from host immune recognition as glycans are poor immunogens in general, however rare HIV neutralizing antibodies nevertheless potently recognize the glycan epitopes. While CD4 and chemokine receptors have been known as viral entry receptor and coreceptor, for many years the role of viral glycans in HIV entry was controversial. Recently, we showed that HIV envelope glycan binds to L-selectin in solution and on CD4 T lymphocytes. The viral glycan and L-selectin interaction functions to facilitate the viral adhesion and entry. Upon entry, infected CD4 T lymphocytes are stimulated to progressively shed L-selectin and suppressing this lectin receptor shedding greatly reduced HIV viral release and caused aggregation of diminutive virus-like particles within experimental infections and from infected primary T lymphocytes derived from both viremic and aviremic individuals. As shedding of L-selectin is mediated by ADAM metalloproteinases downstream of host-cell stimulation, these findings showed a novel mechanism for HIV viral release and offer a potential new class of anti-HIV compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Segura
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Biao He
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Joanna Ireland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Zhongcheng Zou
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Shen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gwynne Roth
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Peter D Sun
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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8
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Abstract
The surface of every eukaryotic cell is coated in a dense layer of structurally diverse glycans that together comprise the glycocalyx, a key interface between intracellular biochemistry and the external environment. Many of the glycans within the glycocalyx terminate in anionic monosaccharides belonging to the sialic acid family. Advances in our understanding of the biological processes mediated by sialic acids at the interfaces between cells have catalyzed interest in metabolic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies to edit the total complement of cellular sialic acids-the sialome. Here, we review strategies for altering the composition of the sialome with particular focus on glycan structures and state-of-the-art tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon J. Edgar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8
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9
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Kogami A, Fukushima M, Hoshino H, Komeno T, Okoshi T, Murahashi M, Akama TO, Mitoma J, Ohtani H, Kobayashi M. The Conspicuousness of High Endothelial Venules in Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma Is Due to Increased Cross-sectional Area, Not Increased Distribution Density. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:645-657. [PMID: 34617807 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211048551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a T-cell lymphoma of follicular helper T-cell origin. Histologically, neoplastic T-cells proliferate to form clusters adjacent to or between arborizing high endothelial venules (HEVs). HEVs in normal lymph nodes express sulfated glycans called peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd); however, it remains unclear whether PNAd is also expressed on HEVs in AITL. Furthermore, although it is widely accepted that HEVs are conspicuous in AITL due to their proliferation, quantitative histological support for this concept is lacking. To investigate these issues, we employed monoclonal antibodies recognizing PNAd, namely, MECA-79, HECA-452, and 297-11A, and performed quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of HEVs in 36 AITL-affected and 67 normal lymph nodes. Staining with all three antibodies confirmed that AITL HEVs express PNAd. Moreover, AITL HEVs were bound calcium-dependently by L-selectin-IgM fusion proteins, indicating that they function in the recruitment of L-selectin-expressing lymphocytes. Unexpectedly, HEV distribution density was not increased but rather decreased in AITL compared with normal lymph nodes, but HEV cross-sectional area in AITL was significantly greater than that seen in normal lymph nodes. Overall, these results indicate that the prominence of AITL HEVs is likely due to increased cross-sectional area rather than increased distribution density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Kogami
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Mana Fukushima
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan.,Omachi Municipal General Hospital, Omachi, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hoshino
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Takuya Komeno
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Okoshi
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masataka Murahashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Tomoya O Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Junya Mitoma
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, School of Medical Life Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Haruo Ohtani
- Department of Pathology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan.,Omachi Municipal General Hospital, Omachi, Japan
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10
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Vella G, Guelfi S, Bergers G. High Endothelial Venules: A Vascular Perspective on Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:736670. [PMID: 34484246 PMCID: PMC8416033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized postcapillary venules composed of cuboidal blood endothelial cells that express high levels of sulfated sialomucins to bind L-Selectin/CD62L on lymphocytes, thereby facilitating their transmigration from the blood into the lymph nodes (LN) and other secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). HEVs have also been identified in human and murine tumors in predominantly CD3+T cell-enriched areas with fewer CD20+B-cell aggregates that are reminiscent of tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLS). While HEV/TLS areas in human tumors are predominantly associated with increased survival, tumoral HEVs (TU-HEV) in mice have shown to foster lymphocyte-enriched immune centers and boost an immune response combined with different immunotherapies. Here, we discuss the current insight into TU-HEV formation, function, and regulation in tumors and elaborate on the functional implication, opportunities, and challenges of TU-HEV formation for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlanda Vella
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Center for Cancer Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Guelfi
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Center for Cancer Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB)-Center for Cancer Biology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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McKitrick TR, Bernard SM, Noll AJ, Collins BC, Goth CK, McQuillan AM, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Herrin BR, Wilson IA, Cooper MD, Cummings RD. Novel lamprey antibody recognizes terminal sulfated galactose epitopes on mammalian glycoproteins. Commun Biol 2021; 4:674. [PMID: 34083726 PMCID: PMC8175384 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The terminal galactose residues of N- and O-glycans in animal glycoproteins are often sialylated and/or fucosylated, but sulfation, such as 3-O-sulfated galactose (3-O-SGal), represents an additional, but poorly understood modification. To this end, we have developed a novel sea lamprey variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) termed O6 to explore 3-O-SGal expression. O6 was engineered as a recombinant murine IgG chimera and its specificity and affinity to the 3-O-SGal epitope was defined using a variety of approaches, including glycan and glycoprotein microarray analyses, isothermal calorimetry, ligand-bound crystal structure, FACS, and immunohistochemistry of human tissue macroarrays. 3-O-SGal is expressed on N-glycans of many plasma and tissue glycoproteins, but recognition by O6 is often masked by sialic acid and thus exposed by treatment with neuraminidase. O6 recognizes many human tissues, consistent with expression of the cognate sulfotransferases (GAL3ST-2 and GAL3ST-3). The availability of O6 for exploring 3-O-SGal expression could lead to new biomarkers for disease and aid in understanding the functional roles of terminal modifications of glycans and relationships between terminal sulfation, sialylation and fucosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R McKitrick
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffen M Bernard
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Noll
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Enteric Disease Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bernard C Collins
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christoffer K Goth
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alyssa M McQuillan
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brantley R Herrin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Acceleron Pharma, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max D Cooper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Blanchard L, Girard JP. High endothelial venules (HEVs) in immunity, inflammation and cancer. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:719-753. [PMID: 33956259 PMCID: PMC8487881 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels mediating lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) and other secondary lymphoid organs. By supporting high levels of lymphocyte extravasation from the blood, HEVs play an essential role in lymphocyte recirculation and immune surveillance for foreign invaders (bacterial and viral infections) and alterations in the body’s own cells (neoantigens in cancer). The HEV network expands during inflammation in immune-stimulated LNs and is profoundly remodeled in metastatic and tumor-draining LNs. HEV-like blood vessels expressing high levels of the HEV-specific sulfated MECA-79 antigens are induced in non-lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation in many human inflammatory and allergic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Such vessels are believed to contribute to the amplification and maintenance of chronic inflammation. MECA-79+ tumor-associated HEVs (TA-HEVs) are frequently found in human tumors in CD3+ T cell-rich areas or CD20+ B-cell rich tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). TA-HEVs have been proposed to play important roles in lymphocyte entry into tumors, a process essential for successful antitumor immunity and lymphocyte-mediated cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines or adoptive T cell therapy. In this review, we highlight the phenotype and function of HEVs in homeostatic, inflamed and tumor-draining lymph nodes, and those of HEV-like blood vessels in chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the role and regulation of TA-HEVs in human cancer and mouse tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Blanchard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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13
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Expression of functional E-selectin ligands on the plasma membrane of carcinoma cells correlates with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:302.e9-302.e18. [PMID: 33676847 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the relatively high frequency of metastatic recurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), reliable prognostic markers of ccRCC, particularly those associated with metastasis, are needed. Here, in search of those factors, we assessed the contribution of sialyl Lewis x (sLex) and sialyl Lewis a (sLea), as well as functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates expressed on carcinoma cells, to metastasis and consequent poor prognosis in ccRCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent surgical resection (curative nephrectomy) for RCC, and whose post-operative pathological diagnosis was ccRCC (n = 117) were enrolled in this study. Expression of sLex/sLea carbohydrate antigens in ccRCC was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with an anti-sLex/sLea monoclonal antibody HECA-452. To evaluate membrane expression of sLex/sLea carbohydrate antigens quantitatively, we employed a histological scoring system used to evaluate membrane expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer. We also conducted an E-selectin•IgM chimera in situ binding assay to assess expression of functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates in ccRCC. We then carried out statistical analysis to determine whether membrane expression of HECA-452-reactive sLex/sLea glycans as well as of E-selectin•IgM-binding functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates correlates with progression-free, overall, or cancer-specific survival. RESULTS Based on HECA-452 immunochemistry, 106 of 117 ccRCC specimens expressed detectable levels of sLex/sLea glycans, primarily on the plasma membrane, and of those, 31 that showed robust membrane expression were judged as HECA-452-positive. Membrane expression of HECA-452-positive sLex/sLea glycans correlated with shortened progression-free and overall survival. Moreover, in in situ analysis, these HECA-452-positive ccRCC tissues were decorated with E-selectin•IgM chimeric proteins, calcium-dependently. Comparable analysis in normal kidney showed both HECA-452 positivity and chimera binding almost exclusively in epithelial cells that constitute proximal tubules. Membrane expression of functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates, as detected by the E-selectin•IgM chimera, correlated more significantly with poor prognosis of patients, namely, shortened progression-free, overall and cancer-specific survival, than did HECA-452 positivity. CONCLUSIONS Expression of E-selectin•IgM-binding functional E-selectin ligand carbohydrates can serve as a reliable and potentially superior prognostic biomarker of patients with ccRCC.
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14
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Jin C, Cherian RM, Liu J, Playà-Albinyana H, Galli C, Karlsson NG, Breimer ME, Holgersson J. Identification by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting of xenogeneic antigens in the N- and O-glycomes of porcine, bovine and equine heart tissues. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:485-498. [PMID: 32542517 PMCID: PMC7329767 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) are used to replace defective valves in patients with valvular heart disease. Especially young BHV recipients may experience a structural valve deterioration caused by an immune reaction in which α-Gal and Neu5Gc are potential target antigens. The expression of these and other carbohydrate antigens in animal tissues used for production of BHV was explored. Protein lysates of porcine aortic and pulmonary valves, and porcine, bovine and equine pericardia were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-carbohydrate antibodies and lectins. N-glycans were released by PNGase F digestion and O-glycans by β-elimination. Released oligosaccharides were analyzed by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 102 N-glycans and 40 O-glycans were identified in animal heart tissue lysates. The N- and O-glycan patterns were different between species. α-Gal and Neu5Gc were identified on both N- and O-linked glycans, N,N´-diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) on N-glycans only and sulfated O-glycans. The relative amounts of α-Gal-containing N-glycans were higher in bovine compared to equine and porcine pericardia. In contrast to the restricted number of proteins carrying α-Gal and LacdiNAc, the distribution of proteins carrying Neu5Gc-determinants varied between species and between different tissues of the same species. Porcine pericardium carried the highest level of Neu5Gc-sialylated O-glycans, and bovine pericardium the highest level of Neu5Gc-sialylated N-glycans. The identified N- and O-linked glycans, some of which may be immunogenic and remain in BHVs manufactured for clinical use, could direct future genetic engineering to prevent glycan expression rendering the donor tissues less immunogenic in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Reeja Maria Cherian
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jining Liu
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heribert Playà-Albinyana
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cesare Galli
- Avantea Laboratory of Reproductive Technologies, Cremona, Italy.,Avantea Foundation, Cremona, Italy
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael E Breimer
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Suzuki N. Glycan diversity in the course of vertebrate evolution. Glycobiology 2020; 29:625-644. [PMID: 31287538 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates are estimated to have arisen over 500 million years ago in the Cambrian Period. Species that survived the Big Five extinction events at a global scale underwent repeated adaptive radiations along with habitat expansions from the sea to the land and sky. The development of the endoskeleton and neural tube enabled more complex body shapes. At the same time, vertebrates became suitable for the invasion and proliferation of foreign organisms. Adaptive immune systems were acquired for responses to a wide variety of pathogens, and more sophisticated systems developed during the evolution of mammals and birds. Vertebrate glycans consist of common core structures and various elongated structures, such as Neu5Gc, Galα1-3Gal, Galα1-4Gal, and Galβ1-4Gal epitopes, depending on the species. During species diversification, complex glycan structures were generated, maintained or lost. Whole-genome sequencing has revealed that vertebrates harbor numerous and even redundant glycosyltransferase genes. The production of various glycan structures is controlled at the genetic level in a species-specific manner. Because cell surface glycans are often targets of bacterial and viral infections, glycan structural diversity is presumed to be protective against infections. However, the maintenance of apparently redundant glycosyltransferase genes and investment in species-specific glycan structures, even in higher vertebrates with highly developed immune systems, are not well explained. This fact suggests that glycans play important roles in unknown biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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16
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Huang HC, Cai BH, Suen CS, Lee HY, Hwang MJ, Liu FT, Kannagi R. BGN/TLR4/NF-B Mediates Epigenetic Silencing of Immunosuppressive Siglec Ligands in Colon Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020397. [PMID: 32050430 PMCID: PMC7072454 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling plays a vital role in intestinal inflammation by activating the NF-κB pathway. By querying GENT2 datasets, we identified the gene expression level of TLR2 and TLR4 as being substantially increased in colorectal cancer. Introduction of shRNAs for TLR4 but not TLR2 dramatically recovered disialyl Lewisa and sialyl 6-sulfo Lewisx glycans, which are preferentially expressed in non-malignant colonic epithelial cells and could serve as ligands for the immunosuppressive molecule Siglec-7. We screened several TLR4 ligands and found that among them BGN is highly expressed in cancers and is involved in the epigenetic silencing of Siglec-7 ligands. Suppression of BGN expression substantially downregulated NF-κB activity and the marker H3K27me3 in the promoter regions of the SLC26A2 and ST6GalNAc6 genes, which are involved in the synthesis of those glycans, and restored expression of normal glycans as well as Siglec-7 binding activities. We show that in the presence of TLR4, inflammatory stimuli initiate a positive loop involving NF-κB that activates BGN and further enhances TLR4 activity. Present findings indicate a putative mechanism for the promotion of carcinogenesis by loss of immunosuppressive ligands by the BGN/TLR4/ NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Bi-He Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Suen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Hsueh-Yi Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan (B.-H.C.); (C.-S.S.); (H.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (F.-T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-26523971
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17
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Abstract
Cell-cell interactions mediated by selectins and their ligand glycans play pivotal roles in a variety of biological processes represented by leukocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites, lymphocyte homing, and extravasation of cancer cells. The interactions are enhanced at least partly through the upregulation of the selectin-ligand glycan expression, which is observed, for instance, during the activation of leukocytes or epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. Selectin-binding assays such as cell adhesion assay or rolling assay have long been used to directly evaluate the activity of these cells in the selectin-mediated processes. In this chapter, we introduce a highly quantitative assay by flow cytometry using recombinant selectin-Ig(Fc) chimera proteins, showing our procedure and tips for E-selectin-binding assay of colon cancer cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Sakuma
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Preferential expression of sialyl 6'-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine-capped O-glycans on high endothelial venules in human peripheral lymph nodes. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1428-1441. [PMID: 31148596 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte "homing", the physiologic trafficking of lymphocytes from the circulation to secondary lymphoid organs, is regulated by sequential adhesive interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells that constitute high endothelial venules (HEVs). Initial lymphocyte "rolling" is mediated by relatively weak, transient adhesive interactions between L-selectin expressed on lymphocytes and sulfated mucin-type O-glycans expressed on HEVs. Keratan sulfate galactose (Gal)-6-O-sulfotransferase (KSGal6ST) catalyzes 6-O-sulfation of Gal in keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains but also transfers sulfate to Gal in much shorter glycan chains, such as sialylated N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-capped O-glycans. In mice, KSGal6ST is reportedly expressed in HEVs and functions in synthesizing 6-sulfo Gal-containing O-glycans on HEVs. However, in humans, the presence of 6-sulfo Gal-containing O-glycans on HEVs is not reported. Employing the newly developed monoclonal antibody 297-11A, which recognizes non-sialylated terminal 6'-sulfo LacNAc, we demonstrate that sialyl 6'-sulfo (and/or 6,6'-disulfo) LacNAc-capped O-glycans are preferentially displayed on HEVs in human peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) and to a lesser extent in mesenteric LNs (MLNs) but not in Peyer's patches (PPs). We also found that the scaffold protein mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1), which is expressed on HEVs in PPs and MLNs but not PLNs, was modified by 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans less efficiently than was CD34. Moreover, 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans were also displayed on HEV-like vessels induced in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) aggregates formed in various cancers. These findings collectively indicate that 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans potentially play a role in physiologic lymphocyte homing as well as in lymphocyte recruitment under pathologic conditions.
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19
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Spertini C, Baïsse B, Bellone M, Gikic M, Smirnova T, Spertini O. Acute Myeloid and Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Interactions with Endothelial Selectins: Critical Role of PSGL-1, CD44 and CD43. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091253. [PMID: 31461905 PMCID: PMC6770432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia are poor prognosis hematologic malignancies, which disseminate from the bone marrow into the blood. Blast interactions with selectins expressed by vascular endothelium promote the development of drug resistance and leukostasis. While the role of selectins in initiating leukemia blast adhesion is established, our knowledge of the involved selectin ligands is incomplete. Using various primary acute leukemia cells and U937 monoblasts, we identified here functional selectin ligands expressed by myeloblasts and lymphoblasts by performing biochemical studies, expression inhibition by RNA interference and flow adhesion assays on recombinant selectins or selectin ligands immunoadsorbed from primary blast cells. Results demonstrate that P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is the major P-selectin ligand on myeloblasts, while it is much less frequently expressed and used by lymphoblasts to interact with endothelial selectins. To roll on E-selectin, myeloblasts use PSGL-1, CD44, and CD43 to various extents and the contribution of these ligands varies strongly among patients. In contrast, the interactions of PSGL-1-deficient lymphoblasts with E-selectin are mainly supported by CD43 and/or CD44. By identifying key selectin ligands expressed by acute leukemia blasts, this study offers novel insight into their involvement in mediating acute leukemia cell adhesion with vascular endothelium and may identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Spertini
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Baïsse
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Bellone
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Milica Gikic
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Smirnova
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Spertini
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Takagaki S, Yamashita R, Hashimoto N, Sugihara K, Kanari K, Tabata K, Nishie T, Oka S, Miyanishi M, Naruse C, Asano M. Galactosyl carbohydrate residues on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are essential for homing and engraftment to the bone marrow. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7133. [PMID: 31073169 PMCID: PMC6509332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of carbohydrate chains in leukocyte migration to inflamed sites during inflammation and trafficking to the lymph nodes under physiological conditions has been extensively characterized. Here, we report that carbohydrate chains also mediate the homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to the bone marrow (BM). In particular, we found that transplanted BM cells deficient in β-1,4-galactosyltransferase-1 (β4GalT-1) could not support survival in mice exposed to a lethal dose of irradiation. BM cells obtained from mice deficient in β4GalT-1 showed normal colony-forming activity and hematopoietic stem cell numbers. However, colony-forming cells were markedly rare in the BM of recipient mice 24 h after transplantation of β4GalT-1-deficient BM cells, suggesting that β4GalT-1 deficiency severely impairs homing. Similarly, BM cells with a point mutation in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene, encoding a key enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis, showed mildly impaired homing and engraftment abilities. These results imply that the galactosyl, but not sialyl residues in glycoproteins, are essential for the homing and engraftment of HSPCs to the BM. These findings suggest the possibility of modifying carbohydrate structures on the surface of HSPCs to improve their homing and engraftment to the BM in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Takagaki
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Rieko Yamashita
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Hashimoto
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazushi Sugihara
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Kanari
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tabata
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nishie
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shogo Oka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masanori Miyanishi
- Laboratory for Organismal Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chie Naruse
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan. .,Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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21
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Epigenetic silencing of the synthesis of immunosuppressive Siglec ligand glycans by NF-κB/EZH2/YY1 axis in early-stage colon cancers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:173-183. [PMID: 30716533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Normal colonic epithelial cells express sialyl 6-sulfo Lewisx and disialyl Lewisa on their cell surface, which are ligands for the immunosuppressive molecule Siglec-7. Expression of these normal glycans is frequently lost upon malignant transformation by silencing DTDST and ST6GalNAc6 at the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis, and leads to production of inflammatory mediators that facilitate carcinogenesis. Indeed, by querying The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, we confirmed that the level of DTDST or ST6GalNAc6 mRNA is substantially decreased at the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis. Cultured colon cancer cell lines were used in this study including DLD-1, HT-29, LS174T and SW620. Their promoter regions were strongly marked by repressive mark H3K27me3, catalyzed by EZH2 that was markedly upregulated in early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis. Suppression of EZH2 substantially downregulated H3K27me3 mark and upregulated DTDST and ST6GalNAc6 as well as expression of normal glycans and Siglec-binding activities. Transcription factor YY1 was vital for the recruitment of PRC2-containing EZH2 to both promoters. Inhibition of NF-κB substantially reduced EZH2 transcription and restored their mRNAs as well as the production of normal Siglec ligand glycans in the results obtained from in vitro studies on cultured colon cancer cell lines. These findings provide a putative mechanism for promotion of carcinogenesis by loss of immunosuppressive molecules by epigenetic silencing through NF-κB-mediated EZH2/YY1 axis.
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22
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Yu SY, Hsiao CT, Izawa M, Yusa A, Ishida H, Nakamura S, Yagi H, Kannagi R, Khoo KH. Distinct substrate specificities of human GlcNAc-6-sulfotransferases revealed by mass spectrometry-based sulfoglycomic analysis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15163-15177. [PMID: 30093410 PMCID: PMC6166739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated glycans are known to be involved in several glycan-mediated cell adhesion and recognition pathways. Our mRNA transcript analyses on the genes involved in synthesizing GlcNAc-6-O-sulfated glycans in human colon cancer tissues indicated that GlcNAc6ST-2 (CHST4) is preferentially expressed in cancer cells compared with nonmalignant epithelial cells among the three known major GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases. On the contrary, GlcNAc6ST-3 (CHST5) was only expressed in nonmalignant epithelial cells, whereas GlcNAc6ST-1 (CHST2) was expressed equally in both cancerous and nonmalignant epithelial cells. These results suggest that 6-O-sulfated glycans that are synthesized only by GlcNAc6ST-2 may be highly colon cancer-specific, as supported by immunohistochemical staining of cancer cells using the MECA-79 antibody known to be relatively specific to the enzymatic reaction products of GlcNAc6ST-2. By more precise MS-based sulfoglycomic analyses, we sought to further infer the substrate specificities of GlcNAc6STs via a definitive mapping of various sulfo-glycotopes and O-glycan structures expressed in response to overexpression of transfected GlcNAc6STs in the SW480 colon cancer cell line. By detailed MS/MS sequencing, GlcNAc6ST-3 was shown to preferentially add sulfate onto core 2-based O-glycan structures, but it does not act on extended core 1 structures, whereas GlcNAc6ST-1 prefers core 2-based O-glycans to extended core 1 structures. In contrast, GlcNAc6ST-2 could efficiently add sulfate onto both extended core 1- and core 2-based O-glycans, leading to the production of unique sulfated extended core 1 structures such as R-GlcNAc(6-SO3-)β1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc(6-SO3-)β1-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα, which are good candidates to be targeted as cancer-specific glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Yu
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry and
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Akiko Yusa
- the Department of Molecular Pathology and
| | - Hiroji Ishida
- Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan, and
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan, and
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan,
- the Department of Molecular Pathology and
- Laboratory for Clinical Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan, and
- the Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Tumor-associated gangliosides play important roles in regulation of signal transduction induced by growth-factor receptors including EGFR, FGFR, HGF and PDGFR in a specific microdomain called glycosynapse in the cancer cell membranes, and in interaction with glycan recognition molecules involved in cell adhesion and immune regulation including selectins and siglecs. As the genes involved in the synthesis and degradation of tumor-associated gangliosides were identified, biological functions became clearer from the experimental results employing forced overexpression and/or knockdown/knockout of the genes. Studies on the regulatory mechanisms for their expression also achieved great advancements. Epigenetic silencing of glycan-related genes is a dominant mechanism in glycan alteration at early stages of carcinogenesis. Development of hypoxia resistance involving activation of a transcription factor HIF, and acquisition of cancer stem cell-like characteristics through epithelial-mesenchymal transition are important mechanisms for glycan modulations in the later stages of cancer progression. In the initial stages of studies, the gangliosides which specifically appear in cancers attracted attention under the name of tumor-associated gangliosides. However, it became apparent that not only the cancer-associated gangliosides but also the normal gangliosides present in nonmalignant cells and tissues perform important biological functions, and some of them tend to disappear in cancer cells resulting in the loss of the physiological functions, and this sometimes facilitates progression of cancers.
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24
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Hoshino H, Ohta M, Ito M, Uchimura K, Sakai Y, Uehara T, Low S, Fukushima M, Kobayashi M. Apical membrane expression of distinct sulfated glycans represents a novel marker of cholangiolocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1246-1255. [PMID: 27748735 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver neoplasm, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma. ICC can be further subclassified as (i) perihilar and (ii) peripheral types, the latter histologically resembling small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts, such as interlobular bile ducts, cholangioles/ductules and the canals of Hering. Cholangiolocellular carcinoma (CoCC), now classified by the World Health Organization as a subtype of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, is currently regarded as a subtype of peripheral-type ICC. The present study was undertaken to determine whether sulfated glycans recognized by the MECA-79 monoclonal antibody could serve as a CoCC marker. Using immunohistochemistry, we show that MECA-79 sulfated glycans are preferentially expressed at the apical membrane of cholangiocytes found in small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts in normal liver and in canalicular structures formed in CoCC. We also report that apical membrane MECA-79 sulfated glycan expression colocalizes with that of mucin 1 (MUC1) core proteins. We also present immunoblotting of Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing FLAG-tagged MUC1 to show that MUC1 serves as a MECA-79 scaffold. Furthermore, we report that SSP-25 human ICC cells overexpressing N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase 2 (GlcNAc6ST-2), but not GlcNAc6ST-1, exhibit membrane expression of MECA-79 sulfated glycans, suggesting that GlcNAc6ST-2 catalyzes MECA-79 epitope biosynthesis in cholangiocytes. Moreover, both wild-type and GlcNAc6ST-1 knockout mice exhibit apical membrane MECA-79 expression in small-sized intrahepatic bile ducts, namely interlobular bile ducts, whereas MECA-79 expression was completely absent in comparable tissues from GlcNAc6ST-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 double knockout mice. These data collectively indicate that apical membrane localization of MUC1 proteins decorated with GlcNAc6ST-2-dependent MECA-79 sulfated glycans may mark cholangiocytes with cholangiolar/ductular differentiation and could serve as a useful CoCC marker.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface/chemistry
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/biosynthesis
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/pathology
- Cell Polarity
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Mice, Knockout
- Mucin-1/genetics
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/biosynthesis
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sulfotransferases/genetics
- Sulfotransferases/metabolism
- Sulfuric Acid Esters/metabolism
- Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Hoshino
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Department of Pathology, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shulin Low
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Mana Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
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25
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Yamashita J, Kobayashi I, Tatematsu K, Sezutsu H, Noda K, Ishihara H. Sandwich ELISA Using a Mouse/Human Chimeric CSLEX-1 Antibody. Clin Chem 2016; 62:1516-1523. [PMID: 27591290 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.260968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An assay using a mouse antisialyl Lewis X (sLeX) antibody (CSLEX-1) is used clinically for screening and monitoring patients with breast cancer in Japan. However, the IgM isoform of CSLEX-1 is not preferred for the assay because the bulkiness of IgM generally causes poor accessibility to the antigen. To solve this problem, we developed an antisLeX mouse/human chimeric IgG antibody, CH-CSLEX-1, using transgenic silkworms. The performance of a homologous sandwich ELISA of CH-CSLEX1 was then evaluated. METHODS To generate CH-CSLEX-1, we used a GAL4/UAS binary gene expression system in transgenic silkworms. The reactivities of CSLEX-1 and CH-CSLEX-1 were determined in a Biacore analysis. To confirm antigen specificity, 3 antigens [sLeX, sLeA, and Lewis Y (LeY)] were used. RESULTS CH-CSLEX-1 formed correctly as an IgG class of immunoglobulin molecule with an isoelectric point close to the predicted value. The best combination for capturing and probing in a sandwich ELISA was determined as a homologous combination of CH-CSLEX-1. The CH-CSLEX-1 assay specifically detected sLeX, but not sLeA and LeY. A correlation analysis with 107 human samples showed good concordance between the conventional CSLEX-1 assay (homologous sandwich ELISA using CSLEX-1) and the CH-CSLEX-1 assay (r = 0.98). Moreover, the CH-CSLEX-1 assay was not affected by either human antimouse IgG antibodies (HAMA IgG) or HAMA IgM. CONCLUSIONS The mouse/human chimeric antibody CH-CSLEX-1 allowed the establishment of a highly specific sandwich ELISA for sLeX that was not affected by HAMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yamashita
- R&D Department, Nittobo Medical Co., Ltd., Koriyama, Japan
| | - I Kobayashi
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Noda
- R&D Department, Nittobo Medical Co., Ltd., Koriyama, Japan
| | - H Ishihara
- R&D Department, Nittobo Medical Co., Ltd., Koriyama, Japan;
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26
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Tang H, Partyka K, Hsueh P, Sinha JY, Kletter D, Zeh H, Huang Y, Brand RE, Haab BB. Glycans related to the CA19-9 antigen are elevated in distinct subsets of pancreatic cancers and improve diagnostic accuracy over CA19-9. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:201-221.e15. [PMID: 26998508 PMCID: PMC4792034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The CA19-9 antigen is the current best biomarker for pancreatic cancer, but it is not elevated in about 25% of pancreatic cancer patients at a cutoff that gives a 25% false-positive rate. We hypothesized that antigens related to the CA19-9 antigen, which is a glycan called sialyl-Lewis A (sLeA), are elevated in distinct subsets of pancreatic cancers. METHODS We profiled the levels of multiple glycans and mucin glycoforms in plasma from 200 subjects with either pancreatic cancer or benign pancreatic disease, and we validated selected findings in additional cohorts of 116 and 100 subjects, the latter run blinded and including cancers that exclusively were early-stage. RESULTS We found significant elevations in two glycans: an isomer of sLeA called sialyl-Lewis X, present both in sulfated and non-sulfated forms; and the sialylated form of a marker for pluripotent stem cells, type 1 N-acetyl-lactosamine. The glycans performed as well as sLeA as individual markers and were elevated in distinct groups of patients, resulting in a 3-marker panel that significantly improved upon any individual biomarker. The panel gave 85% sensitivity and 90% specificity in the combined discovery and validation cohorts, relative to 54% sensitivity and 86% specificity for sLeA; and it gave 80% sensitivity and 84% specificity in the independent test cohort, as opposed to 66% sensitivity and 72% specificity for sLeA. CONCLUSIONS Glycans related to sLeA are elevated in distinct subsets of pancreatic cancers and yield improved diagnostic accuracy over CA19-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Tang
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Katie Partyka
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Peter Hsueh
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jessica Y. Sinha
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Herbert Zeh
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ying Huang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, Washington
| | - Randall E. Brand
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian B. Haab
- Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Brian B. Haab, PhD, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503. fax: (616) 234–5269.Van Andel Research Institute333 Bostwick NEGrand RapidsMichigan 49503
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27
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Bai R, Kusama K, Sakurai T, Bai H, Wang C, Zhang J, Kuse M, Ideta A, Aoyagi Y, Okuda K, Imakawa K. The Role of Endometrial Selectins and Their Ligands on Bovine Conceptus Attachment to the Uterine Epithelium During Peri-Implantation Period1. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:46. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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28
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L-selectin controls trafficking of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in lymph node high endothelial venules in vivo. Blood 2015; 126:1336-45. [PMID: 26162407 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-626291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. Lymph nodes (LNs) are sites of malignant proliferation and LN enlargement is associated with poor prognosis in the clinics. The LN microenvironment is believed to favor disease progression by promoting CLL cell growth and drug resistance. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating trafficking of CLL cells to LNs is thus urgently needed. Here, we studied the first step of CLL cell migration to LNs, their interaction with high endothelial venules (HEVs), specialized blood vessels for lymphocyte extravasation in lymphoid organs. We observed that the density of HEV blood vessels was increased in CLL LNs and that CD20(+) CLL cells accumulated within HEV pockets, suggesting intense trafficking. We used intravital imaging to visualize the behavior of human CLL cells within the mouse LN microcirculation, and discovered that CLL cells bind to HEVs in vivo via a multistep adhesion cascade, which involves rolling, sticking, and crawling of the leukemic cells on the endothelium. Functional analyses revealed that the lymphocyte homing receptor L-selectin (CD62L) is the key factor controlling the binding of CLL cells to HEV walls in vivo. Interestingly, L-selectin expression was decreased on CLL cells from patients treated with idelalisib, a phosphoinositide-3-kinase δ inhibitor recently approved for CLL therapy. Interference with L-selectin-mediated trafficking in HEVs could represent a novel strategy to block dissemination of CLL cells to LNs and increase the efficacy of conventional therapy.
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29
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Zhang L, Jiang G, Yao F, Liang G, Wang F, Xu H, Wu Y, Yu X, Liu H. Osthole promotes anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-bearing mice with hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:301-7. [PMID: 25975579 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1035391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osthole, a natural coumarin derivative, has been shown to have anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effect of osthole on anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-bearing mice has not yet been reported. In the present study, osthole treatment did not affect the weight and the coefficient of thymus and spleen in tumor-bearing mice with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, osthole administration significantly elevated the proportion and number of the splenic CD8(+) T cells, the proportion of CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells in tumor tissues, and the levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in the serum of HCC tumor-bearing mice. Our results suggested that osthole could promote the activation of the tumor-infiltrating CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells, and elevate the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) effector T cells. Osthole treatment also significantly decreased the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in the spleen. Taken together, osthole could enhance the T cell mediated anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor-bearing mice with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou , P.R. China
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30
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Tang H, Singh S, Partyka K, Kletter D, Hsueh P, Yadav J, Ensink E, Bern M, Hostetter G, Hartman D, Huang Y, Brand RE, Haab BB. Glycan motif profiling reveals plasma sialyl-lewis x elevations in pancreatic cancers that are negative for sialyl-lewis A. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1323-33. [PMID: 25733690 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.047837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialyl-Lewis A (sLeA) glycan forms the basis of the CA19-9 assay and is the current best biomarker for pancreatic cancer, but because it is not elevated in ∼25% of pancreatic cancers, it is not useful for early diagnosis. We hypothesized that sLeA-low tumors secrete glycans that are related to sLeA but not detectable by CA19-9 antibodies. We used a method called motif profiling to predict that a structural isomer of sLeA called sialyl-Lewis X (sLeX) is elevated in the plasma of some sLeA-low cancers. We corroborated this prediction in a set of 48 plasma samples and in a blinded set of 200 samples. An antibody sandwich assay formed by the capture and detection of sLeX was elevated in 13 of 69 cancers that were not elevated in sLeA, and a novel hybrid assay of sLeA capture and sLeX detected 24 of 69 sLeA-low cancers. A two-marker panel based on combined sLeA and sLeX detection differentiated 109 pancreatic cancers from 91 benign pancreatic diseases with 79% accuracy (74% sensitivity and 78% specificity), significantly better than sLeA alone, which yielded 68% accuracy (65% sensitivity and 71% specificity). Furthermore, sLeX staining was evident in tumors that do not elevate plasma sLeA, including those with poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma. Thus, glycan-based biomarkers could characterize distinct subgroups of patients. In addition, the combined use of sLeA and sLeX, or related glycans, could lead to a biomarker panel that is useful in the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Précis: This paper shows that a structural isomer of the current best biomarker for pancreatic cancer, CA19-9, is elevated in the plasma of patients who are low in CA19-9, potentially enabling more comprehensive detection and classification of pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Hsueh
- §Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Huang
- **University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Brian B Haab
- §Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI;
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31
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Ji IJ, Hua S, Shin DH, Seo N, Hwang JY, Jang IS, Kang MG, Choi JS, An HJ. Spatially-Resolved Exploration of the Mouse Brain Glycome by Tissue Glyco-Capture (TGC) and Nano-LC/MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2869-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504339t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- In Jung Ji
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Serenus Hua
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Shin
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Nari Seo
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Hwang
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division
of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Myoung-Goo Kang
- Center
for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Division
of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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32
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Essential domains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum invasins utilized to infect mammalian host cells. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004669. [PMID: 25658707 PMCID: PMC4450072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, an emerging disease of humans and domestic animals. The obligate intracellular bacterium uses its invasins OmpA, Asp14, and AipA to infect myeloid and non-phagocytic cells. Identifying the domains of these proteins that mediate binding and entry, and determining the molecular basis of their interactions with host cell receptors would significantly advance understanding of A. phagocytophilum infection. Here, we identified the OmpA binding domain as residues 59 to 74. Polyclonal antibody generated against a peptide spanning OmpA residues 59 to 74 inhibited A. phagocytophilum infection of host cells and binding to its receptor, sialyl Lewis x (sLex-capped P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1. Molecular docking analyses predicted that OmpA residues G61 and K64 interact with the two sLex sugars that are important for infection, α2,3-sialic acid and α1,3-fucose. Amino acid substitution analyses demonstrated that K64 was necessary, and G61 was contributory, for recombinant OmpA to bind to host cells and competitively inhibit A. phagocytophilum infection. Adherence of OmpA to RF/6A endothelial cells, which express little to no sLex but express the structurally similar glycan, 6-sulfo-sLex, required α2,3-sialic acid and α1,3-fucose and was antagonized by 6-sulfo-sLex antibody. Binding and uptake of OmpA-coated latex beads by myeloid cells was sensitive to sialidase, fucosidase, and sLex antibody. The Asp14 binding domain was also defined, as antibody specific for residues 113 to 124 inhibited infection. Because OmpA, Asp14, and AipA each contribute to the infection process, it was rationalized that the most effective blocking approach would target all three. An antibody cocktail targeting the OmpA, Asp14, and AipA binding domains neutralized A. phagocytophilum binding and infection of host cells. This study dissects OmpA-receptor interactions and demonstrates the effectiveness of binding domain-specific antibodies for blocking A. phagocytophilum infection. Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes the potentially deadly bacterial disease granulocytic anaplasmosis. The pathogen replicates inside white blood cells and, like all other obligate intracellular organisms, must enter host cells to survive. Multiple A. phagocytophilum surface proteins called invasins cooperatively orchestrate the entry process. Identifying these proteins’ domains that are required for function, and determining the molecular basis of their interaction with host cell receptors would significantly advance understanding of A. phagocytophilum pathogenesis. In this study, the binding domains of two A. phagocytophilum surface proteins, OmpA and Asp14, were identified. The specific OmpA residues that interact with its host cell receptor were also defined. An antibody cocktail generated against the binding domains of OmpA, Asp14, and a third invasin, AipA, blocked the ability of A. phagocytophilum to infect host cells. The data presented within suggest that binding domains of OmpA, Asp14, and AipA could be exploited to develop a vaccine for granulocytic anaplasmosis.
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Yaji S, Manya H, Nakagawa N, Takematsu H, Endo T, Kannagi R, Yoshihara T, Asano M, Oka S. Major glycan structure underlying expression of the Lewis X epitope in the developing brain is O-mannose-linked glycans on phosphacan/RPTPβ. Glycobiology 2014; 25:376-85. [PMID: 25361541 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a major protein modification. Although proteins are glycosylated/further modulated by several glycosyltransferases during trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, a certain glycan epitope has only been detected on a limited number of proteins. Of these glycan epitopes, Lewis X is highly expressed in the early stage of a developing brain and plays important roles in cell-cell interaction. The Lewis X epitope is comprised of a trisaccharide (Galβ1-4 (Fucα1-3) GlcNAc), and a key enzyme for the expression of this epitope is α1,3-fucosyltransferase 9. However, the scaffolding glycan structure responsible for the formation of the Lewis X epitope as well as its major carrier protein has not been fully characterized in the nervous system. Here we showed that the Lewis X epitope was mainly expressed on phosphacan/receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) in the developing mouse brain. Expression of the Lewis X epitope was markedly reduced in β1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 (β4GalT2) gene-deficient mice, which indicated that β4GalT2 is a major galactosyltransferase required for the Lewis X epitope. We also showed that the Lewis X epitope almost disappeared due to the knockout of protein O-mannose β1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1, an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase essential for the synthesis of O-mannosylated glycans, which indicated that the O-mannosylated glycan is responsible for presenting the Lewis X epitope. Since O-mannosylated glycans on phosphacan/RPTPβ could also present human natural killer-1, another glycan epitope specifically expressed in the nervous system, our results revealed the importance of O-mannosylated glycan chains in the presentation of functional glycan epitopes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yaji
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakutce, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Division of Transgenic Animal Science, Advanced Science Research Center
| | - Shogo Oka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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34
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Murata T, Usui T. Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides and Neoglycoconjugates. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1049-59. [PMID: 16717404 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides involved in glycoconjugates play important roles in a number of biological events. To elucidate the biological functions of oligosaccharides, sufficient quantities of structurally defined oligosaccharides, are of limited availability by traditional purification methods, are required. Hence, chemical and enzymatic syntheses of oligosaccharides are becoming increasingly important in glycobiology and glycotechnology. In addition, oligosaccharides often occur as glycoconjugates attached to proteins or lipids. Hence, the development of simple and effective methods for synthesizing neoglycoconjugates such as neoglycoprotein and neoglycolipids is essential for an understanding of the biological function of these molecules. Here we review the most recent developments in the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides and neoglycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeomi Murata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan.
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Patnode ML, Yu SY, Cheng CW, Ho MY, Tegesjö L, Sakuma K, Uchimura K, Khoo KH, Kannagi R, Rosen SD. KSGal6ST generates galactose-6-O-sulfate in high endothelial venules but does not contribute to L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte homing. Glycobiology 2013; 23:381-94. [PMID: 23254996 PMCID: PMC3555504 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of sulfate to glycan structures can regulate their ability to serve as ligands for glycan-binding proteins. Although sulfate groups present on the monosaccharides glucosamine, uronate, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine are recognized by defined receptors that mediate important functions, the functional significance of galactose-6-O-sulfate (Gal6S) is not known. However, in vitro studies using synthetic glycans and sulfotransferase overexpression implicate Gal6S as a binding determinant for the lymphocyte homing receptor, L-selectin. Only two sulfotransferases have been shown to generate Gal6S, namely keratan sulfate galactose 6-O-sulfotransferase (KSGal6ST) and chondroitin 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 (C6ST-1). In the present study, we use mice deficient in KSGal6ST and C6ST-1 to test whether Gal6S contributes to ligand recognition by L-selectin in vivo. First, we establish that KSGal6ST is selectively expressed in high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. We also determine by mass spectrometry that KSGal6ST generates Gal6S on several classes of O-glycans in peripheral lymph nodes. Furthermore, KSGal6ST, but not C6ST-1, is required for the generation of the Gal6S-containing glycan, 6,6'-disulfo-3'sLN (Siaα2→3[6S]Galβ1→4[6S]GlcNAc) or a closely related structure in lymph node HEVs. Nevertheless, L-selectin-dependent short-term homing of lymphocytes is normal in KSGal6ST-deficient mice, indicating that the Gal6S-containing structures we detected do not contribute to L-selectin ligand recognition in this setting. These results refine our understanding of the biological ligands for L-selectin and introduce a mouse model for investigating the functions of Gal6S in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Patnode
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, and
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Lotten Tegesjö
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Keiichiro Sakuma
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | | | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Steven D Rosen
- Department of Anatomy and Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
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Sialic acid cyclization of human Th homing receptor glycan associated with recurrent exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:187-93. [PMID: 23088960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular pathogenesis underlying recurrent exacerbations of atopic dermatitis (AD) is unclear. Some peripheral CCR4(+) and CCR7(+) helper memory T cells express the specific homing receptor, sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X (G152 glycan). This glycan loses receptor activity via cyclization of its sialic acid moiety, thus becoming cyclic sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X (G159 glycan). These findings suggest that the disordered expression of G152 and G159 glycans may be associated with recurrent exacerbations of AD. OBJECTIVE To assess the possible association of G152 and G159 glycans, which are expressed on peripheral helper T (Th) cells, with frequency of exacerbations. METHODS The percentage of glycan-expressing cells among peripheral blood CD4(+)CD45RO(+) lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. The association of glycans with the frequency of exacerbations determined by recurrence scores as well as with current disease activity was statistically tested. RESULTS Current disease activity was significantly associated with CCR4(+)CCR7(-) memory Th cells expressing CSLEX-1 glycan, the conventional skin-trafficking receptor without sialic-acid-cyclization activity. In contrast, the frequency of exacerbations was positively and negatively associated with CCR4(+)CCR7(+) memory Th cells expressing G152 and G159 glycans, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics analyses indicated that the ratio of the G152(+)/G159(+) cell percentages discriminated patients with highly recurrent AD with the best accuracy. CONCLUSION Flow cytometric determination of G159 and G152 glycans on peripheral helper memory T cells may be clinically useful for identifying patients with highly recurrent AD. Disordered sialic acid cyclization of G152 glycan may underlie highly recurrent AD, which may provide a novel therapeutic approach.
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Girard JP, Moussion C, Förster R. HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph nodes. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:762-73. [DOI: 10.1038/nri3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sakuma K, Chen GY, Aoki M, Kannagi R. Induction of 6-sulfated glycans with cell adhesion activity via T-bet and GATA-3 in human helper T cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1820:841-8. [PMID: 22446378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell surface 6-sulfated glycans play important roles in various immunological events through cell-to-cell interactions. The 6-sulfation process is mediated by 6-sulfotransferase family isoenzymes. We previously demonstrated that GlcNAc6ST-1, one of the isoenzyme genes, is induced by GATA-3 and NF-κB in human helper T (Th) cells. However, transcriptional regulation of HEC-GlcNAc6ST, another isoenzyme important in Th cells, remains unclear. METHODS 5'-RACE analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays were performed to reveal transcriptional regulation of HEC-GlcNAc6ST. RNA-knockdown and forced expression experiments were performed to demonstrate the contribution of HEC-GlcNAc6ST to the 6-sulfated glycan expression. RESULTS We identified potential binding sites of Sp1, T-bet, and GATA-3 in the HEC-GlcNAc6ST promoter. Reporter assays indicated that transfection of Sp1 enhanced the activity, whereas mithramycin A, an Sp1-specific inhibitor, repressed it. Transfection of T-bet increased the activity, which was inhibited by introducing a mutation into the potential T-bet binding site. GATA-3 alone could not elevate the activity, although co-transfection of protein kinase A, which is known to enhance IL-5 transcription in Th2 cells through phosphorylation of GATA-3, caused elevation. RNA-knockdown and forced expression of HEC-GlcNAc6ST in Jurkat cells down- and up-regulated α2,6-sialylated 6-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine, a preferential ligand for B-cell-specific CD22 antigen, respectively. From these results, we concluded that T-bet and GATA-3 as well as Sp1 control the expression of glycan with cell-adhesion activity by regulating HEC-GlcNAc6ST transcription in Th cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These results may provide a clue to biological regulation of Th-cell interaction with selectins and other carbohydrate-recognition molecules by T-bet and GATA-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Sakuma
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
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Nejatbakhsh R, Kabir-Salmani M, Dimitriadis E, Hosseini A, Taheripanah R, Sadeghi Y, Akimoto Y, Iwashita M. Subcellular localization of L-selectin ligand in the endometrium implies a novel function for pinopodes in endometrial receptivity. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:46. [PMID: 22703988 PMCID: PMC3443035 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apical surfaces of human endometrial epithelium and endothelium are key elements for the initiation of molecular interactions to capture the blastocyst or leukocyte, respectively. The L-selectin adhesion system has been strongly proposed to play an important role in the initial steps of trophoblast adhesion and promotion of integrin-dependent processes, ultimately culminating in the establishment of the embryo-maternal interface. On the basis of these facts, we hypothesized a novel role for pinopodes as the first embryo-fetal contact sites to contain the highest subcellular expression of L-selectin ligand suggesting its role in early adhesion as predicted. Thus, the objective of this study was therefore to determine the subcellular pattern of distribution of the L-selectin ligand (MECA-79) in human endometrial apical membrane region during the window of implantation. METHODS Endometrial biopsies of secretory phases from fertile females ranging in age between 25 and 42 years were studied using several approaches, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunostaining for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunoblotting as well as statistical analysis of the area-related numerical densities of immunoreactive MECA-79-bound nanogolds to detect the expression pattern and the subcellular distribution pattern of L-selectin ligand (MECA-79) in human endometrium during the window of implantation. RESULTS The endometrial biopsies were scored according the dating criteria of Noyes et al. by an experienced histologist. The SEM images of the midluteal phase specimens revealed that fully developed pinopodes were abundant in our samples. HRP-immunostaining and immunofluorescent staining as well as immunoblotting revealed that MECA-79 was expressed in the midluteal phase specimens. The results of immunogold TEM illustrated the expression of MECA-79 in human pinopodes in the midluteal phase and a higher area-relate numerical density in pinopodes compared to that of the uterodome-free areas. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of the subcellular localization of MECA-79 in the human pinopodes which may indicate a novel role for pinopodes to be capable of shear-stress-dependent tethering-type adhesion in the initial phases of human embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nejatbakhsh
- Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical School, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kabir-Salmani
- Molecular Genetics Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical School of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ahmad Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Medical School of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robabeh Taheripanah
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical School, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Iwashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hu D, Tateno H, Kuno A, Yabe R, Hirabayashi J. Directed evolution of lectins with sugar-binding specificity for 6-sulfo-galactose. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:20313-20. [PMID: 22493425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.351965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
6-sulfo-galactose (6S-Gal) is a prevalent motif observed in highly sulfated keratan sulfate, which is closely associated with the glioblastoma malignancy while acting as a critical determinant for endogenous lectins. However, facile detection of this unique glycoepitope is greatly hampered because of a lack of appropriate probes. We have previously reported tailoring an α2-6-linked sialic acid-binding lectin from a ricin-B chain-like galactose-binding protein, EW29Ch, by a reinforced ribosome display system following an error-prone PCR. In this study, we challenged the creation of novel lectins to recognize 6S-Gal-terminated glycans by incorporating a high-throughput screening system with a glycoconjugate microarray. After two rounds of selection procedures, 20 mutants were obtained and 12 were then successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, 8 of which showed a significant affinity for 6'-Sulfo-LN (6-O-sulfo-Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which the parental EW29Ch lacked. Analysis of two representative mutants by frontal affinity chromatography revealed a substantial affinity (K(d) ∼3 μm) for a 6S-Gal-terminated glycan. On the basis of the observation that all eight mutants have a common mutation at Glu-20 to Lys, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed focusing on this aspect. The results clearly indicated that the E20K mutation is necessary and sufficient to acquire the specificity for 6S-Gal. We also confirmed a difference in binding between E20K and EW29Ch to CHO cells, in which enzymes to catalyze the synthesis of 6S-Gal were overexpressed. The results clearly demonstrate that these mutants have potential to distinguish between cells containing different amounts of 6S-Gal-terminated glycans. This new technology will be used to provide novel tools essential for sulfoglycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Miyazaki K, Sakuma K, Kawamura YI, Izawa M, Ohmori K, Mitsuki M, Yamaji T, Hashimoto Y, Suzuki A, Saito Y, Dohi T, Kannagi R. Colonic epithelial cells express specific ligands for mucosal macrophage immunosuppressive receptors siglec-7 and -9. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4690-700. [PMID: 22467657 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are known to express specific recognition molecules for cell surface glycans. However, mechanisms involved in glycan-mediated cell-cell interactions in mucosal immunity have largely been left unaccounted for. We found that several glycans preferentially expressed in nonmalignant colonic epithelial cells serve as ligands for sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins (siglecs), the immunosuppressive carbohydrate-recognition receptors carried by immune cells. The siglec ligand glycans in normal colonic epithelial cells included disialyl Lewis(a), which was found to have binding activity to both siglec-7 and -9, and sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis(x), which exhibited significant binding to siglec-7. Expression of these siglec-7/-9 ligands was impaired upon carcinogenesis, and they were replaced by cancer-associated glycans sialyl Lewis(a) and sialyl Lewis(x), which have no siglec ligand activity. When we characterized immune cells expressing siglecs in colonic lamina propriae by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, the majority of colonic stromal immune cells expressing siglec-7/-9 turned out to be resident macrophages characterized by low expression of CD14/CD89 and high expression of CD68/CD163. A minor subpopulation of CD8(+) T lymphocytes also expressed siglec-7/-9. Siglec-7/-9 ligation suppressed LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE(2) production by macrophages. These results suggest that normal glycans of epithelial cells exert a suppressive effect on cyclooxygenase-2 expression by resident macrophages, thus maintaining immunological homeostasis in colonic mucosal membranes. Our results also imply that loss of immunosuppressive glycans by impaired glycosylation during colonic carcinogenesis enhances inflammatory mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Miyazaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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Li PT, Liao CJ, Yu LC, Wu WG, Chu ST. Localization of B4GALNT2 and its role in mouse embryo attachment. Fertil Steril 2012; 97:1206-12.e1-3. [PMID: 22401809 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the location of β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II (B4GALNT2) and the involvement of this protein and Sd(a) antigen in embryonic implantation. DESIGN Cell and animal study. SETTING University. ANIMAL(S) Adult outbred Institute for Cancer Research mice. INTERVENTION(S) B4GALNT2 antibody injected into the uteri of mice in early pregnancy; E3.5 blastocysts and pregnant uterine tissues were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting. Embryo attachment was assayed via in vitro and in vivo embryo implantation models. RESULT(S) The b4galnt2 gene expression in the 293T cell line showed the protein localized in the plasma membrane. We confirmed that B4GALNT2 was localized on the surface of E3.5 blastocysts but was an intracellular component in uterine epithelia. Finally, anti-B4GALNT2 and lectins inhibition assays demonstrated the involvement of B4GALNT2 and Sd(a) antigen in embryonic attachment in vitro and in vivo via the mouse system and human endometrial cell line (Ishikawa). CONCLUSION(S) B4GALNT2 expressed in the blastocyst may interact with a ligand on the endometrial surface, perhaps via Sd(a) also, to permit embryo implantation. Our data suggest that B4GALNT2 and Sd(a) antigen are essential for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tzu Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Chen Y, Thon V, Li Y, Yu H, Ding L, Lau K, Qu J, Hie L, Chen X. One-pot three-enzyme synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10815-7. [PMID: 21863157 PMCID: PMC11279325 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A Pasteurella multocida N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (PmGlmU) was cloned and used efficiently with an N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase (NahK_ATCC55813) and an inorganic pyrophosphatase (PmPpA) for one-pot three-enzyme synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc derivatives with or without further chemical diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Glycosylation of mouse and human immune cells: insights emerging from N-glycomics analyses. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:1334-40. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0391334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
N-glycans are key players mediating cell–cell communication in the immune system, interacting with glycan-binding proteins. In the present article, we discuss key themes that are emerging from the structural analysis of complex-type N-linked glycans from human and murine immune cell lines, employing high-sensitivity MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization)–TOF (time-of-flight) MS technology. Particular focus is given to terminal epitopes, the abundance of multiply branched N-glycans and how glycosylation can affect human health in diseases such as congenital neutropenia and glycogen storage disease.
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Seko A, Ohkura T, Ideo H, Yamashita K. Novel O-linked glycans containing 6'-sulfo-Gal/GalNAc of MUC1 secreted from human breast cancer YMB-S cells: possible carbohydrate epitopes of KL-6(MUC1) monoclonal antibody. Glycobiology 2011; 22:181-95. [PMID: 21880669 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum Krebs von den Lugen-6 (KL-6) antigen is a MUC1 glycoprotein (KL-6/MUC1) recognized by anti-KL-6 monoclonal antibody (KL-6/mAb) and has been utilized as a diagnostic marker for interstitial pneumonia. KL-6/mAb is thought to recognize the specific glycopeptides sequence of MUC1, but the precise glycan structure of the epitope is unclear. In this study, we determined the carbohydrate structures of KL-6/MUC1 to search the carbohydrate epitopes for KL-6/mAb. KL-6/MUC1 was purified from the culture medium of human breast cancer YMB-S cells by KL-6/mAb-affinity chromatography; the O-linked glycan structures were determined in combination with paper electrophoresis, several lectin column chromatographies, sialidase digestion and methanolysis. KL-6/MUC1 contained core 1 and extended core 1 glycans modified with one or two sialic acid/sulfate residues. Based on these structures, several synthetic glycans binding to anti-KL-6/mAb were compared with one another by surface plasmon resonance. Sequentially, related radiolabeled oligosaccharides were enzymatically synthesized and analyzed for binding to a KL-6/mAb-conjugated affinity column. 3'-sialylated, 6'-sulfated LNnT [Neu5Acα2-3(SO(3)(-)-6)Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc], 3'-sialylated, 6-sulfated core 1 [Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3(SO(3)(-)-6)GalNAc] and disulfated core 1 SO(3)(-)-3Galβ1-3(SO(3)(-)-6)GalNAc exhibited substantial affinity for KL-6/mAb, and 3'-sulfated core 1 derivatives [SO(3)(-)-3Galβ1-3(±Neu5Acα2-6)GalNAc] and 3'-sialylated core 1 weakly interacted with KL-6/mAb. These results indicated that the possible carbohydrate epitopes of KL-6/mAb involve not only 3'-sialylated core 1 but also novel core 1 and extended core 1 with sulfate and sialic acid residues. Epitope expressing changes with suppression or over-expression of the Gal6ST (Gal 6-O-sulfotransferase) gene, suggesting that Gal6ST is involved in the biosynthesis of the unique epitopes of KL-6/mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Seko
- Innovative Research Initiatives, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Martinet L, Garrido I, Filleron T, Le Guellec S, Bellard E, Fournie JJ, Rochaix P, Girard JP. Human solid tumors contain high endothelial venules: association with T- and B-lymphocyte infiltration and favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5678-87. [PMID: 21846823 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms governing infiltration of lymphocytes into tumors remain poorly characterized, in spite of the critical impact of these cells on patient prognosis and therapeutic responses. High endothelial venules (HEV) are blood vessels found in lymphoid tissues, specialized in lymphocyte recruitment, but their implications in human cancer are unknown. In this article, we report the presence of MECA 79(+) blood vessels displaying all the phenotypic characteristics of HEVs in most of the 319 human primary solid tumors, including melanomas, breast, ovarian, colon, and lung carcinomas, analyzed. Tumor HEVs were specifically located within lymphocyte-rich areas, and their density within the tumor stroma was a strong predictor of infiltration by CD3(+) and CD8(+) T cells as well as B cells. Large-scale flow cytometric and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses in freshly operated breast tumors revealed that high densities of tumor HEVs correlated with increased naive, central memory and activated effector memory T-cell infiltration and upregulation of genes related to T-helper 1 adaptive immunity and T-cell cytotoxicity. Finally, in a retrospective cohort of 146 invasive breast cancer patients, we found that high densities of tumor HEVs independently conferred a lower risk of relapse and significantly correlated with longer metastasis-free, disease-free, and overall survival rates. Together, our findings suggest that tumor HEVs function as major gateways for lymphocyte infiltration into human tumors, and may represent attractive targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Martinet
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), INSERM, U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Radhakrishnan P, Chachadi V, Lin MF, Singh R, Varki A, Kannagi R, Cheng PW. TNFα enhances the motility and invasiveness of prostatic cancer cells by stimulating the expression of selective glycosyl- and sulfotransferase genes involved in the synthesis of selectin ligands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:436-41. [PMID: 21596021 PMCID: PMC4011552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) plays an important role in cancer metastasis. But, the mechanism for its production in metastatic cancers remains unclear. The objective of current study was to examine the effects of a proinflammatory cytokine on the expression of glycosyltransferase and sulfotransferase genes involved in the synthesis of selectin ligands in a prostate cancer cell line. Androgen-independent human lymph node-derived metastatic prostate cancer cells (C-81 LNCaP), which express functional androgen receptor and mimic the castration-resistant advanced prostate cancer, were used. TNFα treatment of these cells increased their binding to P-, E- and L-selectins, anti-sLe(x) antibody, and anti-6-sulfo-sialyl Lewis x antibody by 12%, 240%, 43%, 248% and 21%, respectively. Also, the expression of C2GnT-1, B4GalT1, GlcNAc6ST3, and ST3Gal3 genes was significantly upregulated. Further treatment of TNFα-treated cells with either anti-sLe(x) antibody or E-selectin significantly suppressed their in vitro migration (81% and 52%, respectively) and invasion (45% and 56%, respectively). Our data indicate that TNFα treatment enhances the motility and invasion properties of LNCaP C-81 cells by increasing the formation of selectin ligands through stimulation of the expression of selective glycosyl- and sulfotransferase genes. These results support the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Vishwanath Chachadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Eppley Cancer Center for Research in Cancer and Allied diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Eppley Cancer Center for Research in Cancer and Allied diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ajit Varki
- University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Pi-Wan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Eppley Cancer Center for Research in Cancer and Allied diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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Kamiyama S, Ichimiya T, Ikehara Y, Takase T, Fujimoto I, Suda T, Nakamori S, Nakamura M, Nakayama F, Irimura T, Nakanishi H, Watanabe M, Narimatsu H, Nishihara S. Expression and the role of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transporters in human colorectal carcinoma. Glycobiology 2011; 21:235-46. [PMID: 20978009 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfation represents an essential modification for various molecules and regulates many biological processes. The sulfation of glycans requires a specific transporter for 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) on the Golgi apparatus. This study investigated the expression of PAPS transporter genes in colorectal carcinomas and the significance of Golgi-specific sulfation in the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells. The relative amount of PAPST1 transcripts was found to be higher than those of PAPST2 in colorectal cancerous tissues. Immunohistochemically, the enhanced expression of PAPST1 was observed in fibroblasts in the vicinity of invasive cancer cells, whereas the expression of PAPST2 was decreased in the epithelial cells. RNA interference of either of the two PAPS transporter genes reduced the extent of sulfation of cellular proteins and cellular proliferation of DLD-1 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Silencing the PAPS transporter genes reduced fibroblast growth factor signaling in DLD-1 cells. These findings indicate that PAPS transporters play a role in the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells themselves and take part in a desmoplastic reaction to support cancer growth by controlling their sulfation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kamiyama
- Department of Bioinformatics, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kannagi R, Ohmori K, Chen GY, Miyazaki K, Izawa M, Sakuma K. Sialylated and Sulfated Carbohydrate Ligands for Selectins and Siglecs: Involvement in Traffic and Homing of Human Memory T and B Lymphocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:549-69. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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50
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Arata-Kawai H, Singer MS, Bistrup A, Zante AV, Wang YQ, Ito Y, Bao X, Hemmerich S, Fukuda M, Rosen SD. Functional contributions of N- and O-glycans to L-selectin ligands in murine and human lymphoid organs. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 178:423-33. [PMID: 21224079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
L-selectin initiates lymphocyte interactions with high endothelial venules (HEVs) of lymphoid organs through binding to ligands with specific glycosylation modifications. 6-Sulfo sLe(x), a sulfated carbohydrate determinant for L-selectin, is carried on core 2 and extended core 1 O-glycans of HEV-expressed glycoproteins. The MECA-79 monoclonal antibody recognizes sulfated extended core 1 O-glycans and partially blocks lymphocyte-HEV interactions in lymphoid organs. Recent evidence has identified the contribution of 6-sulfo sLe(x) carried on N-glycans to lymphocyte homing in mice. Here, we characterize CL40, a novel IgG monoclonal antibody. CL40 equaled or surpassed MECA-79 as a histochemical staining reagent for HEVs and HEV-like vessels in mouse and human. Using synthetic carbohydrates, we found that CL40 bound to 6-sulfo sLe(x) structures, on both core 2 and extended core 1 structures, with an absolute dependency on 6-O-sulfation. Using transfected CHO cells and gene-targeted mice, we observed that CL40 bound its epitope on both N-glycans and O-glycans. Consistent with its broader glycan-binding, CL40 was superior to MECA-79 in blocking lymphocyte-HEV interactions in both wild-type mice and mice deficient in forming O-glycans. This superiority was more marked in human, as CL40 completely blocked lymphocyte binding to tonsillar HEVs, whereas MECA-79 inhibited only 60%. These findings extend the evidence for the importance of N-glycans in lymphocyte homing in mouse and indicate that this dependency also applies to human lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanayo Arata-Kawai
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0452, USA
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