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Li JJ, Xin N, Yang C, Tavizon LA, Hong R, Moore TI, Tharyan RG, Antebi A, Kim HE. Unveiling the Intercompartmental Signaling Axis: Mitochondrial to ER Stress Response (MERSR) and its Impact on Proteostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.07.556674. [PMID: 38187690 PMCID: PMC10769184 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.07.556674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining protein homeostasis is essential for cellular health. During times of proteotoxic stress, cells deploy unique defense mechanisms to achieve resolution. Our previous research uncovered a cross-compartmental Mitochondrial to Cytosolic Stress Response (MCSR), a unique stress response activated by the perturbation of mitochondrial proteostasis, which ultimately results in the improvement of proteostasis in the cytosol. Here, we found that this signaling axis also influences the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPR ER ), suggesting the presence of a Mitochondria to ER Stress Response (MERSR). During MERSR, the IRE1 branch of UPR ER is inhibited, introducing a previously unknown regulatory component of MCSR. Moreover, proteostasis is enhanced through the upregulation of the PERK-eIF2a signaling pathway, increasing phosphorylation of eIF2a and improving the ER's capacity to manage greater proteostasis load. MERSR activation in both poly-glutamine (poly-Q) and amyloid-beta (Aβ) C. elegans disease models also led to improvement in both aggregate burden and overall disease outcome. These findings shed light on the coordination between the mitochondria and the ER in maintaining cellular proteostasis and provides further evidence for the importance of intercompartmental signaling.
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Shankaranarayana AH, Meduri B, Pujar GV, Hariharapura RC, Sethu AK, Singh M, Bidye D. Restoration of p53 functions by suppression of mortalin-p53 sequestration: an emerging target in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2087-2112. [PMID: 37877348 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional inactivation of wild-type p53 is a major trait of cancerous cells. In many cases, such inactivation occurs by either TP53 gene mutations or due to overexpression of p53 binding partners. This review focuses on an overexpressed p53 binding partner called mortalin, a mitochondrial heat shock protein that sequesters both wild-type and mutant p53 in malignant cells due to changes in subcellular localization. Clinical evidence suggests a drastic depletion of the overall survival time of cancer patients with high mortalin expression. Therefore, mortalin-p53 sequestration inhibitors could be game changers in improving overall survival rates. This review explores the consequences of mortalin overexpression and challenges, status and strategies for accelerating drug discovery to suppress mortalin-p53 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Handattu Shankaranarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Bhagyalalitha Meduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sethu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Durgesh Bidye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
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Pan M, Solozobova V, Kuznik NC, Jung N, Gräßle S, Gourain V, Heneka YM, Cramer von Clausbruch CA, Fuhr O, Munuganti RSN, Maddalo D, Blattner C, Neeb A, Sharp A, Cato L, Weiss C, Jeselsohn RM, Orian-Rousseau V, Bräse S, Cato ACB. Identification of an Imidazopyridine-based Compound as an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader for Breast Cancer Therapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1378-1396. [PMID: 37520743 PMCID: PMC10373600 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The pro-oncogenic activities of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) drive breast cancer pathogenesis. Endocrine therapies that impair the production of estrogen or the action of the ERα are therefore used to prevent primary disease metastasis. Although recent successes with ERα degraders have been reported, there is still the need to develop further ERα antagonists with additional properties for breast cancer therapy. We have previously described a benzothiazole compound A4B17 that inhibits the proliferation of androgen receptor-positive prostate cancer cells by disrupting the interaction of the cochaperone BAG1 with the AR. A4B17 was also found to inhibit the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. Using a scaffold hopping approach, we report here a group of small molecules with imidazopyridine scaffolds that are more potent and efficacious than A4B17. The prototype molecule X15695 efficiently degraded ERα and attenuated estrogen-mediated target gene expression as well as transactivation by the AR. X15695 also disrupted key cellular protein-protein interactions such as BAG1-mortalin (GRP75) interaction as well as wild-type p53-mortalin or mutant p53-BAG2 interactions. These activities together reactivated p53 and resulted in cell-cycle block and the induction of apoptosis. When administered orally to in vivo tumor xenograft models, X15695 potently inhibited the growth of breast tumor cells but less efficiently the growth of prostate tumor cells. We therefore identify X15695 as an oral selective ER degrader and propose further development of this compound for therapy of ER+ breast cancers. Significance An imidazopyridine that selectively degrades ERα and is orally bioavailable has been identified for the development of ER+ breast cancer therapeutics. This compound also activates wild-type p53 and disrupts the gain-of-function tumorigenic activity of mutant p53, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwu Pan
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Valeria Solozobova
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nane C. Kuznik
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Simone Gräßle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Victor Gourain
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Yvonne M. Heneka
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christina A. Cramer von Clausbruch
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Danilo Maddalo
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christine Blattner
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Antje Neeb
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sharp
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rinath M. Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Veronique Orian-Rousseau
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew C. B. Cato
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Meidinna HN, Shefrin S, Sari AN, Zhang H, Dhanjal JK, Kaul SC, Sundar D, Wadhwa R. Identification of a new member of Mortaparib class of inhibitors that target mortalin and PARP1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918970. [PMID: 36172283 PMCID: PMC9510692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin, a heat shock family protein enriched in cancer cells, is known to inactivate tumor suppressor protein p53. Abrogation of mortalin-p53 interaction and reactivation of p53 has been shown to trigger growth arrest/apoptosis in cancer cells and hence, suggested to be useful in cancer therapy. In this premise, we earlier screened a chemical library to identify potential disruptors of mortalin-p53 interaction, and reported two novel synthetic small molecules (5-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl) (1,2,3,4-tetraazol-5-yl)]-4-phenylpyrimidine-2-ylamine) and (4-[(1E)-2-(2-phenylindol-3-yl)-1-azavinyl]-1,2,4-triazole) called Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus, respectively. These compounds were shown to possess anticancer activity that was mediated through targeting mortalin and PARP1 proteins, essential for cancer cell survival and proliferation. Here, we report characterization of the third compound, {4-[(4-amino-5-thiophen-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)sulfanylmethyl]-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine}, isolated in the same screening. Extensive computational and molecular analyses suggested that the new compound has the capability to interact with mortalin, p53, and PARP1. We provide evidence that this new compound, although required in high concentration as compared to the earlier two compounds (Mortaparib and MortaparibPlus) and hence called MortaparibMild, also downregulates mortalin and PARP1 expression and functions in multiple ways impeding cancer cell proliferation and migration characteristics. MortaparibMild is a novel candidate anticancer compound that warrants further experimental and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazna Noor Meidinna
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Seyad Shefrin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Huayue Zhang
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Durai Sundar, ; Renu Wadhwa,
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Durai Sundar, ; Renu Wadhwa,
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Yoon AR, Wadhwa R, Kaul SC, Yun CO. Why is Mortalin a Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:914540. [PMID: 35859897 PMCID: PMC9290191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.914540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Therefore, cancer therapy is a priority research field to explore the biology of the disease and identify novel targets for the development of better treatment strategies. Mortalin is a member of the heat shock 70 kDa protein family. It is enriched in several types of cancer and contributes to carcinogenesis in various ways, including inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53, deregulation of apoptosis, induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and enhancement of cancer stemness. It has been studied extensively as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment, and several types of anti-mortalin molecules have been discovered that effectively suppress the tumor cell growth. In this review, we 1) provide a comprehensive sketch of the role of mortalin in tumor biology; 2) discuss various anti-mortalin molecules, including natural compounds, synthetic small molecules, peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids, that have shown potential for cancer treatment in laboratory studies; and 3) provide future perspectives in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- GeneMedicine CO, Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chae-Ok Yun,
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Fu X, Liu H, Liu J, DiSanto ME, Zhang X. The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 Subfamily in the Hyperplastic Prostate: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132052. [PMID: 35805135 PMCID: PMC9266107 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, which is characterized by a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate. BPH troubles the vast majority of aging men worldwide; however, the pathogenetic factors of BPH have not been completely identified. The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) subfamily, which mainly includes HSP70, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and GRP75, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. HSP70s are overexpressed in the course of BPH and involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell survival and proliferation, cell apoptosis, epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis, contributing to the development and progress of prostate diseases. These chaperone proteins also participate in oxidative stress, a cellular stress response that takes place under stress conditions. In addition, HSP70s can bind to the androgen receptor (AR) and act as a regulator of AR activity. This interaction of HSP70s with AR provides insight into the importance of the HSP70 chaperone family in BPH pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the function of the HSP70 family in prostate glands and the role of HSP70s in the course of BPH. We also review the potential applications of HSP70s as biomarkers of prostate diseases for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Fu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Michael E. DiSanto
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08028, USA;
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China; (X.F.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Elwakeel A. Abrogating the Interaction Between p53 and Mortalin (Grp75/HSPA9/mtHsp70) for Cancer Therapy: The Story so far. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879632. [PMID: 35493098 PMCID: PMC9047732 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a transcription factor that activates the expression of a set of genes that serve as a critical barrier to oncogenesis. Inactivation of p53 is the most common characteristic in sporadic human cancers. Mortalin is a differentially sub-cellularly localized member of the heat shock protein 70 family of chaperones that has essential mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial functions. Elevated mortalin levels in multiple cancerous tissues and tumor-derived cell lines emphasized its key role in oncogenesis. One of mortalin’s major oncogenic roles is the inactivation of p53. Mortalin binds to p53 sequestering it in the cytoplasm. Hence, p53 cannot freely shuttle to the nucleus to perform its tumor suppressor functions as a transcription factor. This protein-protein interaction was reported to be cancer-specific, hence, a selective druggable target for a rationalistic cancer therapeutic strategy. In this review article, the chronological identification of mortalin-p53 interactions is summarized, the challenges and general strategies for targeting protein-protein interactions are briefly discussed, and information about compounds that have been reported to abrogate mortalin-p53 interaction is provided. Finally, the reasons why the disruption of this druggable interaction has not yet been applied clinically are discussed.
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Freeling JL, Scholl JL, Eikanger M, Knoblich C, Potts RA, Anderson DJ, Rower JE, Farjoo MH, Zhao H, Pillatzki A, Rezvani K. Pre-clinical safety and therapeutic efficacy of a plant-based alkaloid in a human colon cancer xenograft model. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:135. [PMID: 35347121 PMCID: PMC8960818 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput drug screen revealed that veratridine (VTD), a natural plant alkaloid, induces expression of the anti-cancer protein UBXN2A in colon cancer cells. UBXN2A suppresses mortalin, a heat shock protein, with dominant roles in cancer development including epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cell stemness, drug resistance, and apoptosis. VTD-dependent expression of UBXN2A leads to the deactivation of mortalin in colon cancer cells, making VTD a potential targeted therapy in malignant tumors with high levels of mortalin. VTD was used clinically for the treatment of hypertension in decades past. However, the discovery of newer antihypertensive drugs and concerns over potential neuro- and cardiotoxicity ended the use of VTD for this purpose. The current study aims to determine the safety and efficacy of VTD at doses sufficient to induce UBXN2A expression in a mouse model. A set of flow-cytometry experiments confirmed that VTD induces both early and late apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo intraperitoneal (IP) administration of VTD at 0.1 mg/kg every other day (QOD) for 4 weeks effectively induced expression of UBXN2A in the small and large intestines of mice. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assays on tissues collected from VTD-treated animals demonstrated VTD concentrations in the low pg/mg range. To address concerns regarding neuro- and cardiotoxicity, a comprehensive set of behavioral and cardiovascular assessments performed on C57BL/6NHsd mice revealed that VTD generates no detectable neurotoxicity or cardiotoxicity in animals receiving 0.1 mg/kg VTD QOD for 30 days. Finally, mouse xenograft experiments in athymic nude mice showed that VTD can suppress tumor growth. The main causes for the failure of experimental oncologic drug candidates are lack of sufficient safety and efficacy. The results achieved in this study support the potential utility of VTD as a safe and efficacious anti-cancer molecule.
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Feng S, Huang Q, Deng J, Jia W, Gong J, Xie D, Shen J, Liu L. DAB2IP suppresses tumor malignancy by inhibiting GRP75-driven p53 ubiquitination in colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 532:215588. [PMID: 35150809 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that DAB2IP acts as a tumor suppressor and plays an inhibitory role in many signals associated with tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of this function remains unclear. Our study shows that DAB2IP was positively associated with a good prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer and wild-type p53 expression. An in vitro assay showed that DAB2IP elicited potent tumor-suppressive effects by inhibiting cell invasiveness and colony formation and promoting cell apoptosis in wild-type p53 colon cancer cells. In addition, DAB2IP improved the stability of wild-type p53 by inhibiting its degradation in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. Using mass spectrometry profiling, we revealed that DAB2IP and p53 interacted with the ubiquitin ligase-related protein GRP75. Mechanistically, DAB2IP is competitively bound to GRP75, thus reducing GRP75-driven p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, the Ras-GAP domain was required for the DAB2IP-GRP75 interaction and DAB2IP-mediated p53 ubiquitination. Finally, animal experiments revealed that DAB2IP inhibited tumor progression in vivo. In conclusion, our study presents a novel function of DAB2IP in GRP75-driven wild-type p53 degradation, providing new insight into DAB2IP-induced tumor suppression and a novel molecular interpretation of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Qingwen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Weiyi Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Daxing Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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11
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Shefrin S, Sari AN, Kumar V, Zhang H, Meidinna HN, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Sundar D. Comparative computational and experimental analyses of some natural small molecules to restore transcriptional activation function of p53 in cancer cells harbouring wild type and p53Ser46 mutant. Curr Res Struct Biol 2022; 4:320-331. [PMID: 36164647 PMCID: PMC9507986 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in p53 are frequently associated with many types of cancers that affect its stability and activity through multiple ways. The Ser46 residue present in the transactivation domain2 (TAD2) domain of p53 undergoes phosphorylation that blocks its degradation by MDM2 and leads to cell cycle arrest/apoptosis/necrosis upon intrinsic or extrinsic stresses. On the other hand, unphosphorylated p53 mutants escape cell arrest or death triggered by these molecular signaling axes and lead to carcinogenesis. Phosphorylation of Ser in the TAD2 domain of p53 mediates its interactions with transcription factor p62, yielding transcriptional activation of downstream pro-apoptotic genes. The p53 phosphorylation causes string-like elongated conformation that increases its binding affinity with the PH domain of p62. On the other hand, lack of phosphorylation causes helix-like motifs and low binding affinity to p62. We undertook molecular simulation analyses to investigate the potential of some natural small molecules (Withanone (Wi-N) & Withaferin-A (Wi-A) from Ashwagandha; Cucurbitacin-B (Cuc-B) from bitter Cucumber; and Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and Artepillin C (ARC) from honeybee propolis) to interact with p62-binding region of p53 and restore its wild-type activity. We found that Wi-N, Wi-A, and Cuc-B have the potential to restore p53-p62 interaction for phosphorylation-deficient p53 mutants. Wi-N, in particular, caused a reversal of the α-helical structure into an elongated string-like conformation similar to the wild-type p53. These data suggested the use of these natural compounds for the treatment of p53Ser46 mutant harbouring cancers. We also compared the efficiency of Wi-N, Wi-A, Cuc-B, CAPE, and ARC to abrogate Mortalin-p53 binding resulting in nuclear translocation and reactivation of p53 function and provide experimental evidence to the computational analysis. Taken together, the use of these small molecules for reactivation of p53 in cancer cells is suggested. Wild type p53 (p53WT) and its mutant form (p53S46PΔ) are associated with multiple cancers. Natural compounds serve as a potential mediator to restore the function of p53 in wild type and Ser46 phosphor mutant. In-silico analysis suggested that Wi-A, Wi-N, and Cuc-B are stronger inhibitors of p53 -mortalin interaction. These entities could also bind to p53S46PΔ and mimic the phosphorylated conformation, suggesting reactivation of p53WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyad Shefrin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Vipul Kumar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
| | - Huayue Zhang
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hazna Noor Meidinna
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Durai Sundar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110-016, India
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Radhakrishnan N, Dhanjal JK, Sari AN, Ishida Y, Terao K, Kaul SC, Sundar D, Wadhwa R. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) confers wild type p53 function in p53 Y220C mutant: bioinformatics and experimental evidence. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:64. [PMID: 35201513 PMCID: PMC8777538 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor protein p53 is a prevalent feature in majority of cancers resulting in inactivation of its activities related to control of cell cycle progression and proliferation. p53Y220C is one of the common hotspot mutations that causes decrease in its thermodynamic stability. Some small molecules have been shown to bind to the mutated site and restore its wild type thermodynamics and tumor suppressor function. In this study, we have explored the potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE-a bioactive compound from propolis) to interact with p53Y220C and restore its wild type p53 (p53wt) transcription activation and tumor suppressor activities. We recruited computational methods, viz. molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations to study the interaction of CAPE at the mutation crevice and found that it has potential to restore p53wt function of the p53Y220C mutant similar to a previously described restoration molecule PK7242. We provide cell-based experimental evidence to these predictions and suggest CAPE as a potential natural drug for treatment of p53Y220C mutant harboring cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethan Radhakrishnan
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565 Japan
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III, New Delhi, 110 020 India
| | - Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ishida
- Cyclochem Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650 0047 Japan
| | - Keiji Terao
- Cyclochem Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650 0047 Japan
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565 Japan
| | - Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305 8565 Japan
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Mallavarpu Ambrose J, Veeraraghavan VP, Kullappan M, Velmurugan D, Vennila R, Rupert S, Dorairaj S, Surapaneni KM. Molecular modeling studies of the effects of withaferin A and its derivatives against oncoproteins associated with breast cancer stem cell activity. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tiwary S, Nandwani A, Khan R, Datta M. GRP75 mediates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling during palmitate-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101368. [PMID: 34756890 PMCID: PMC8637649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are structurally connected with each other at specific sites termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). These physical links are composed of several tethering proteins and are important during varied cellular processes, such as calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism and transport, membrane biogenesis, and organelle remodeling. However, the attributes of specific tethering proteins in these cellular functions remain debatable. Here, we present data to show that one such tether protein, glucose regulated protein 75 (GRP75), is essential in increasing ER-mitochondria contact during palmitate-induced apoptosis in pancreatic insulinoma cells. We demonstrate that palmitate increased GRP75 levels in mouse and rat pancreatic insulinoma cells as well as in mouse primary islet cells. This was associated with increased mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS production, and enhanced physical coupling between the ER and mitochondria. Interestingly, GRP75 inhibition prevented these palmitate-induced cellular aberrations. Additionally, GRP75 overexpression alone was sufficient to impair mitochondrial membrane potential, increase mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and ROS generation, augment ER-mitochondria contact, and induce apoptosis in these cells. In vivo injection of palmitate induced hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, as well as impaired glucose and insulin tolerance in mice. These animals also exhibited elevated GRP75 levels accompanied by enhanced apoptosis within the pancreatic islets. Our findings suggest that GRP75 is critical in mediating palmitate-induced ER-mitochondrial interaction leading to apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tiwary
- Integrative and Functional Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Arun Nandwani
- Integrative and Functional Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rukshar Khan
- Integrative and Functional Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India; Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Malabika Datta
- Integrative and Functional Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Lang YD, Jou YS. PSPC1 is a new contextual determinant of aberrant subcellular translocation of oncogenes in tumor progression. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:57. [PMID: 34340703 PMCID: PMC8327449 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is commonly observed in cancers and emerging as a cancer hallmark for the development of anticancer therapeutic strategies. Despite its severe adverse effects, selinexor, a selective first-in-class inhibitor of the common nuclear export receptor XPO1, was developed to target nucleocytoplasmic protein shuttling and received accelerated FDA approval in 2019 in combination with dexamethasone as a fifth-line therapeutic option for adults with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). To explore innovative targets in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, we propose that the aberrant contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, such as PSPC1 (Paraspeckle component 1), TGIF1 (TGF-β Induced Factor Homeobox 1), NPM1 (Nucleophosmin), Mortalin and EBP50, that modulate shuttling (or cargo) proteins with opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be theranostic targets for developing anticancer strategies. For instance, PSPC1 was recently shown to be the contextual determinant of the TGF-β prometastatic switch and PTK6/β-catenin reciprocal oncogenic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. The innovative nucleocytoplasmic shuttling inhibitor PSPC1 C-terminal 131 polypeptide (PSPC1-CT131), which was developed to target both the shuttling determinant PSPC1 and the shuttling protein PTK6, maintained their tumor-suppressive characteristics and exhibited synergistic effects on tumor suppression in HCC cells and mouse models. In summary, targeting the contextual determinants of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling with cargo proteins having opposite tumorigenic functions in different subcellular locations could be an innovative strategy for developing new therapeutic biomarkers and agents to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw-Dong Lang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Mitochondrial HSP70 Chaperone System-The Influence of Post-Translational Modifications and Involvement in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158077. [PMID: 34360841 PMCID: PMC8347752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been identified in all domains of life, which demonstrates their importance and conserved functional role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Mitochondria possess several members of the major HSP sub-families that perform essential tasks for keeping the organelle in a fully functional and healthy state. In humans, the mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone system comprises a central molecular chaperone, mtHSP70 or mortalin (HSPA9), which is actively involved in stabilizing and importing nuclear gene products and in refolding mitochondrial precursor proteins, and three co-chaperones (HSP70-escort protein 1-HEP1, tumorous imaginal disc protein 1-TID-1, and Gro-P like protein E-GRPE), which regulate and accelerate its protein folding functions. In this review, we summarize the roles of mitochondrial molecular chaperones with particular focus on the human mtHsp70 and its co-chaperones, whose deregulated expression, mutations, and post-translational modifications are often considered to be the main cause of neurological disorders, genetic diseases, and malignant growth.
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Mutant p53 L194F Harboring Luminal-A Breast Cancer Cells Are Refractory to Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Response to Mortaparib Plus, a Multimodal Small Molecule Inhibitor. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123043. [PMID: 34207240 PMCID: PMC8234533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor suppressor protein p53 is a master regulator that inhibits the process of oncogenesis by induction of cell senescence/cell cycle arrest/apoptosis during normal and stressed states of cells. It is functionally inactivated in the majority of cancers. Mortalin, a member of the Hsp70 family of proteins, enriched in cancer cells, is known to cause cytoplasmic sequestration and inactivation of the p53’s transcriptional activation function. Inhibition of mortalin–p53 interaction and reactivation of p53 functions by natural and synthetic drugs has emerged as a possible cancer therapeutic strategy. We recently reported a novel multimodal small molecule, named MortaparibPlus, that inhibited mortalin–p53 interaction and caused reactivation of p53 function in colorectal cancer cells. Here, we report its effect on breast cancer cells with wildtype (MCF-7) or mutant (T47D) p53 status. Abstract We previously performed a drug screening to identify a potential inhibitor of mortalin–p53 interaction. In four rounds of screenings based on the shift in mortalin immunostaining pattern from perinuclear to pan-cytoplasmic and nuclear enrichment of p53, we had identified MortaparibPlus (4-[(1E)-2-(2-phenylindol-3-yl)-1-azavinyl]-1,2,4-triazole) as a novel synthetic small molecule. In order to validate its activity and mechanism of action, we recruited Luminal-A breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (p53wild type) and T47D (p53L194F) and performed extensive biochemical and immunocytochemical analyses. Molecular analyses revealed that MortaparibPlus is capable of abrogating mortalin–p53 interaction in both MCF-7 and T47D cells. Intriguingly, upregulation of transcriptional activation function of p53 (as marked by upregulation of the p53 effector gene—p21WAF1—responsible for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis) was recorded only in MortaparibPlus-treated MCF-7 cells. On the other hand, MortaparibPlus-treated T47D cells exhibited hyperactivation of PARP1 (accumulation of PAR polymer and decrease in ATP levels) as a possible non-p53 tumor suppression program. However, these cells did not show full signs of either apoptosis or PAR-Thanatos. Molecular analyses attributed such a response to the inability of MortaparibPlus to disrupt the AIF–mortalin complexes; hence, AIF did not translocate to the nucleus to induce chromatinolysis and DNA degradation. These data suggested that the cancer cells possessing enriched levels of such complexes may not respond to MortaparibPlus. Taken together, we report the multimodal anticancer potential of MortaparibPlus that warrants further attention in laboratory and clinical studies.
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Pagliarone AC, Castañeda ED, Santana JPP, de Oliveira CAB, Robeldo TA, Teixeira FR, Borra RC. Mitochondrial heat shock protein mortalin as potential target for therapies based on oxidative stress. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102256. [PMID: 33737220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatments based on production of reactive oxygen species for bladder cancer such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been marginalized due to low specificity and the existence of resistance mainly associated with the up-regulation of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs). To overcome these barriers, the establishment of strategies combining PDTs with HSP inhibitors may be promising and the identification of HSPs involved with oxidative stress from bladder tumors in animal models represents a key step in this direction. MATERIALS Thus, the present study aims to identify cytosolic and mitochondrial HSPs up expressed in murine bladder tumors and in the urothelial carcinoma cell line MB49 by qRT-PCR screening, and to analyze the importance of the activity of the HSPs associated with oxidative stress protection in the survival of the MB49 using strategy of inhibition in vitro. RESULTS Results showed that both tumor tissues and MB49 cells in culture had significant overexpression of the mitochondrial HSPA9 (mortalin) and HSP60 mRNAs, while the cytosolic HSP90 was overexpressed only in the tumor. The effect of mortalin in the MB49 cells survival under oxidative stress was evaluated in vitro in presence of the specific inhibitor MKT-077 and H2O2. The findings showed that MB49 viability was permanently reduced by the MKT-077 in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis or necrosis, mainly under oxidative stress conditions. CONCLUSION Results suggest that mortalin is preferentially expressed in the MB49 cancer model and plays a key role in tumoral survival, especially under oxidative stress, making this HSP a potential target for an alternative treatment combining PDT with HSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pagliarone
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edwin David Castañeda
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhonne Pedro Pedott Santana
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thaiane Alcarde Robeldo
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Roberti Teixeira
- Lab. of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Lab. of Applied Immunology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Sari AN, Elwakeel A, Dhanjal JK, Kumar V, Sundar D, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Identification and Characterization of Mortaparib Plus-A Novel Triazole Derivative That Targets Mortalin-p53 Interaction and Inhibits Cancer-Cell Proliferation by Wild-Type p53-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040835. [PMID: 33671256 PMCID: PMC7921971 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 has an essential role in suppressing the carcinogenesis process by inducing cell cycle arrest/apoptosis/senescence. Mortalin/GRP75 is a member of the Hsp70 protein family that binds to p53 causing its sequestration in the cell cytoplasm. Hence, p53 cannot translocate to the nucleus to execute its canonical tumour suppression function as a transcription factor. Abrogation of mortalin-p53 interaction and subsequent reactivation of p53's tumour suppression function has been anticipated as a possible approach in developing a novel cancer therapeutic drug candidate. A chemical library was screened in a high-content screening system to identify potential mortalin-p53 interaction disruptors. By four rounds of visual assays for mortalin and p53, we identified a novel synthetic small-molecule triazole derivative (4-[(1E)-2-(2-phenylindol-3-yl)-1-azavinyl]-1,2,4-triazole, henceforth named MortaparibPlus). Its activities were validated using multiple bioinformatics and experimental approaches in colorectal cancer cells possessing either wild-type (HCT116) or mutant (DLD-1) p53. Bioinformatics and computational analyses predicted the ability of MortaparibPlus to competitively prevent the interaction of mortalin with p53 as it interacted with the p53 binding site of mortalin. Immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated the abrogation of mortalin-p53 complex formation in MortaparibPlus-treated cells that showed growth arrest and apoptosis mediated by activation of p21WAF1, or BAX and PUMA signalling, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MortaparibPlus-induced cytotoxicity to cancer cells is mediated by multiple mechanisms that included the inhibition of PARP1, up-regulation of p73, and also the down-regulation of mortalin and CARF proteins that play critical roles in carcinogenesis. MortaparibPlus is a novel multimodal candidate anticancer drug that warrants further experimental and clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Nofita Sari
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elwakeel
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
| | - Vipul Kumar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110-016, India; (V.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110-016, India; (V.K.); (D.S.)
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5-41, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan; (A.N.S.); (A.E.); (J.K.D.)
- School of Integrative & Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.C.K.); (R.W.)
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Mathur M, Nair A, Kadoo N. Plant-pathogen interactions: MicroRNA-mediated trans-kingdom gene regulation in fungi and their host plants. Genomics 2020; 112:3021-3035. [PMID: 32454170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been prevalently studied in plants, animals, and viruses. However, recent studies show evidences of miRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) in fungi as well. It is known that after successful infection, pathogens hijack the host machinery and use it for their own growth and multiplication. Alternatively, resistant plants can overcome the pathogen attack by a variety of mechanisms. Based on this prior knowledge, we computationally predicted milRNAs from 13 fungi, and identified their targets in transcriptomes of the respective fungi as well as their host plants. The expressions of the milRNAs and targets were confirmed using qRT-PCR. We found that plant miRNAs targeted fungal virulence genes, while fungal milRNAs targeted plant resistance genes; corroborating miRNA-mediated trans-kingdom gene regulation and the roles of miRNAs in plant-pathogen interactions. Transgenic plants with miRNAs targeting fungal virulence genes, or anti-sense of fungal milRNAs, would be expected to be highly resistant to the fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mathur
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aswathy Nair
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Narendra Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, Lampart A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 - implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:93-111. [PMID: 32475760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. An increasing number of reports address this problem, focusing on the intracellular interactions of FGF1 and 2. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the FGF1 and FGF2 binding partners inside the cell and the possible role of these interactions. The partner proteins are grouped according to their function, including proteins involved in secretion, cell signaling, nucleocytoplasmic transport, binding and processing of nucleic acids, ATP binding, and cytoskeleton assembly. An in-depth analysis of the network of these binding partners could indicate novel, non-classical functions of FGF1 and FGF2 and uncover an additional level of a fine control of the well-known FGF-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lampart
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Mortalin/HSPA9 targeting selectively induces KRAS tumor cell death by perturbing mitochondrial membrane permeability. Oncogene 2020; 39:4257-4270. [PMID: 32291414 PMCID: PMC7244387 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone mortalin (HSPA9/GRP75) is often upregulated and mislocalized in MEK/ERK-deregulated tumors. Here, we show that mortalin depletion can selectively induce death of immortalized normal fibroblasts IMR90E1A when combined with K-RasG12V expression, but not with wild type K-Ras expression, and that K-RasG12V-driven MEK/ERK activity is necessary for this lethality. This cell death was attenuated by knockdown or inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), cyclophilin D (CypD), or mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU), which implicates a mitochondria-originated death mechanism. Indeed, mortalin depletion increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and induced cell death in KRAS-mutated human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colon cancer lines, which were attenuated by knockdown or inhibition of ANT, CypD, or MCU, and occurred independently of TP53 and p21CIP1. Intriguingly, JG-98, an advanced MKT-077 derivative, phenocopied the lethal effects of mortalin depletion in K-RasG12V-expressing IMR90E1A and KRAS-mutated tumor cell lines in vitro. Moreover, JG-231, a JG-98 analog with improved microsomal stability effectively suppressed the xenograft of MIA PaCa-2, a K-RasG12C-expressing human PDAC line, in athymic nude mice. These data demonstrate that oncogenic KRAS activity sensitizes cells to the effects of mortalin depletion, suggesting that mortalin has potential as a selective therapeutic target for KRAS-mutated tumors.
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Dhamad AE, Greene E, Sales M, Nguyen P, Beer L, Liyanage R, Dridi S. 75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75) is a novel molecular signature for heat stress response in avian species. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C289-C303. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) was first characterized in mammals as a heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) family stress chaperone based on its sequence homology. Extensive studies in mammals showed that GRP75 is induced by various stressors such as glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, although it remained unresponsive to the heat shock. Such investigations are scarce in avian (nonmammalian) species. We here identified chicken GRP75 by using immunoprecipitation assay integrated with LC-MS/MS, and found that its amino acid sequence is conserved with high homology (52.5%) to the HSP70 family. Bioinformatics and 3D-structure prediction indicate that, like most HSPs, chicken GRP75 has two principal domains (the NH2-terminal ATPase and COOH-terminal region). Immunofluorescence staining shows that GRP75 is localized predominantly in the avian myoblast and hepatocyte mitochondria. Heat stress exposure upregulates GRP75 expression in a species-, genotype-, and tissue-specific manner. Overexpression of GRP75 reduces avian cell viability, and blockade of GRP75 by its small molecular inhibitor MKT-077 rescues avian cell viability during heat stress. Taken together, this is the first evidence showing that chicken GRP75, unlike its mammalian ortholog, is responsive to heat shock and plays a key role in cell survival/death pathways. Since modern avian species have high metabolic rates and are sensitive to high environmental temperature, GRP75 could open new vistas in mechanistic understanding of heat stress responses and thermotolerance in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Edan Dhamad
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Elizabeth Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Marites Sales
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lesleigh Beer
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Srivastava S, Vishwanathan V, Birje A, Sinha D, D'Silva P. Evolving paradigms on the interplay of mitochondrial Hsp70 chaperone system in cell survival and senescence. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 54:517-536. [PMID: 31997665 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1718062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria within a cell has grown beyond being the prime source of cellular energy to one of the major signaling platforms. Recent evidence provides several insights into the crucial roles of mitochondrial chaperones in regulating the organellar response to external triggers. The mitochondrial Hsp70 (mtHsp70/Mortalin/Grp75) chaperone system plays a critical role in the maintenance of proteostasis balance in the organelle. Defects in mtHsp70 network result in attenuated protein transport and misfolding of polypeptides leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. The functions of Hsp70 are primarily governed by J-protein cochaperones. Although human mitochondria possess a single Hsp70, its multifunctionality is characterized by the presence of multiple specific J-proteins. Several studies have shown a potential association of Hsp70 and J-proteins with diverse pathological states that are not limited to their canonical role as chaperones. The role of mitochondrial Hsp70 and its co-chaperones in disease pathogenesis has not been critically reviewed in recent years. We evaluated some of the cellular interfaces where Hsp70 machinery associated with pathophysiological conditions, particularly in context of tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration. The mitochondrial Hsp70 machinery shows a variable localization and integrates multiple components of the cellular processes with varied phenotypic consequences. Although Hsp70 and J-proteins function synergistically in proteins folding, their precise involvement in pathological conditions is mainly idiosyncratic. This machinery is associated with a heterogeneous set of molecules during the progression of a disorder. However, the precise binding to the substrate for a specific physiological response under a disease subtype is still an undocumented area of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Abhijit Birje
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Devanjan Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Putri JF, Bhargava P, Dhanjal JK, Yaguchi T, Sundar D, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Mortaparib, a novel dual inhibitor of mortalin and PARP1, is a potential drug candidate for ovarian and cervical cancers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:499. [PMID: 31856867 PMCID: PMC6923857 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Mortalin is enriched in a large variety of cancers and has been shown to contribute to proliferation and migration of cancer cells in multiple ways. It has been shown to bind to p53 protein in cell cytoplasm and nucleus causing inactivation of its tumor suppressor activity in cancer cells. Several other activities of mortalin including mitochondrial biogenesis, ATP production, chaperoning, anti-apoptosis contribute to pro-proliferative and migration characteristics of cancer cells. Mortalin-compromised cancer cells have been shown to undergo apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo implying that it could be a potential target for cancer therapy. Methods We implemented a screening of a chemical library for compounds with potential to abrogate cancer cell specific mortalin-p53 interactions, and identified a new compound (named it as Mortaparib) that caused nuclear enrichment of p53 and shift in mortalin from perinuclear (typical of cancer cells) to pancytoplasmic (typical of normal cells). Biochemical and molecular assays were used to demonstrate the effect of Mortaparib on mortalin, p53 and PARP1 activities. Results Molecular homology search revealed that Mortaparib is a novel compound that showed strong cytotoxicity to ovarian, cervical and breast cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that although Mortaparib could interact with mortalin, its binding with p53 interaction site was not stable. Instead, it caused transcriptional repression of mortalin leading to activation of p53 and growth arrest/apoptosis of cancer cells. By extensive computational and experimental analyses, we demonstrate that Mortaparib is a dual inhibitor of mortalin and PARP1. It targets mortalin, PARP1 and mortalin-PARP1 interactions leading to inactivation of PARP1 that triggers growth arrest/apoptosis signaling. Consistent with the role of mortalin and PARP1 in cancer cell migration, metastasis and angiogenesis, Mortaparib-treated cells showed inhibition of these phenotypes. In vivo tumor suppression assays showed that Mortaparib is a potent tumor suppressor small molecule and awaits clinical trials. Conclusion These findings report (i) the discovery of Mortaparib as a first dual inhibitor of mortalin and PARP1 (both frequently enriched in cancers), (ii) its molecular mechanism of action, and (iii) in vitro and in vivo tumor suppressor activity that emphasize its potential as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayarani F Putri
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine [DAILAB], DAICENTER, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST], Central 5-41, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Priyanshu Bhargava
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine [DAILAB], DAICENTER, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST], Central 5-41, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine [DAILAB], DAICENTER, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST], Central 5-41, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan.,DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology [IIT] Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110 016, India
| | - Tomoko Yaguchi
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine [DAILAB], DAICENTER, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST], Central 5-41, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology [IIT] Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, 110 016, India
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine [DAILAB], DAICENTER, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST], Central 5-41, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan.
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine [DAILAB], DAICENTER, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [AIST], Central 5-41, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan.
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Increased ER-mitochondria tethering promotes axon regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16074-16079. [PMID: 31332012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818830116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria to the site of axon injury has been shown to facilitate axonal regeneration; however, the existence and physiological importance of ER-mitochondria tethering in the injured axons are unknown. Here, we show that a protein linking ER to mitochondria, the glucose regulated protein 75 (Grp75), is locally translated at axon injury site following axotomy, and that overexpression of Grp75 in primary neurons increases ER-mitochondria tethering to promote regrowth of injured axons. We find that increased ER-mitochondria tethering elevates mitochondrial Ca2+ and enhances ATP generation, thereby promoting regrowth of injured axons. Furthermore, intrathecal delivery of lentiviral vector encoding Grp75 to an animal with sciatic nerve crush injury enhances axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Together, our findings suggest that increased ER-mitochondria tethering at axonal injury sites may provide a therapeutic strategy for axon regeneration.
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Moseng MA, Nix JC, Page RC. 2- and N6-functionalized adenosine-5'-diphosphate analogs for the inhibition of mortalin. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2030-2039. [PMID: 31177526 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Our early efforts to find a covalent inhibitor of mortalin, a member of the 70 kD heat shock protein (Hsp70) family, led us to solve the structure of the mortalin nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) in complex with N6-propargyladenosine-5'-diphosphate. The acquired structure emphasizes the ability of the nucleotide-binding pocket to accommodate modified ADP compounds. A library of ADP analogs modified at either the 2- or N6-positions of adenosine was screened against the mortalin-NBD. Competitive inhibition and binding assays of the analogs demonstrate that modifications at the 2- or N6-positions have potential to bind and inhibit mortalin uniquely compared to other Hsp70 homologs, and that modifications at the 2-position confer the greatest selectivity in binding and inhibition of the mortalin-NBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Moseng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Jay C Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Beamline 4.2.2, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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Rimessi A, Pedriali G, Vezzani B, Tarocco A, Marchi S, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Interorganellar calcium signaling in the regulation of cell metabolism: A cancer perspective. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:167-180. [PMID: 31108186 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Organelles were originally considered to be individual cellular compartments with a defined organization and function. However, recent studies revealed that organelles deeply communicate within each other via Ca2+ exchange. This communication, mediated by specialized membrane regions in close apposition between two organelles, regulate cellular functions, including metabolism and cell fate decisions. Advances in microscopy techniques, molecular biology and biochemistry have increased our understanding of these interorganelle platforms. Research findings suggest that interorganellar Ca2+ signaling, which is altered in cancer, influences tumorigenesis and tumor progression by controlling cell death programs and metabolism. Here, we summarize the available data on the existence and composition of interorganelle platforms connecting the endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria, the plasma membrane, or endolysosomes. Finally, we provide a timely overview of the potential function of interorganellar Ca2+ signaling in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rimessi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bianca Vezzani
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Tarocco
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital S. Anna Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Dept. of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy.
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Huang MB, Xia M, Gao Z, Zhou H, Liu M, Huang S, Zhen R, Wu JY, Roth WW, Bond VC, Xiao J, Leng J. Characterization of Exosomes in Plasma of Patients with Breast, Ovarian, Prostate, Hepatic, Gastric, Colon, and Pancreatic Cancers. JOURNAL OF CANCER THERAPY 2019; 10:382-399. [PMID: 33833900 PMCID: PMC8025783 DOI: 10.4236/jct.2019.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor-specific DNA, RNA or proteins can be difficult due to relative scarcity. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, 30 - 150 nm in diameter derived from fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. They are composed of a lipid bilayer membrane and contain proteins, mRNA and miRNA. Exosomes are secreted by multiple cell types, including cancer cells. However, there is a relative lack of information concerning the contents of exosomes secreted by various tumor cell types. To examine exosomes in cancer, we collected blood plasma samples from patients with breast, ovarian, prostate, hepatic, gastric, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Exosomes were isolated from plasma and confirmed by AchE assay, transmission electron microscopy and expression of the CD63 exosomal marker. Expression of AFP, CA724, CA153, CEA, CA125, CA199 and PSA antigens were determined using an automated electro-chemiluminescence assay. Expression of the tumor-related chaperone protein, mortalin, was determined by Western blot analysis. Levels of exosome secretion were variable among the different tumor types. Both exosome levels and mortalin expression within tumor cell exosomes were higher than in healthy donors, except in pancreatic carcinoma, where exosomes were elevated but mortalin expression was not significantly different from healthy donors. Exosomes provide unique opportunities for the enrichment of tumor-specific materials and may be useful as biomarkers and possibly as tools of cancer therapies. Mortalin, which has been linked to cell proliferation and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer cells, may be useful as a prognostic bio-marker and as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meng Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Tumor hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Zhen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jennifer Y. Wu
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - William W. Roth
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vincent C. Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jian Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Starenki D, Sosonkina N, Hong SK, Lloyd RV, Park JI. Mortalin (GRP75/HSPA9) Promotes Survival and Proliferation of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092069. [PMID: 31027376 PMCID: PMC6540051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that upregulation of mortalin (HSPA9/GRP75), the mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone, facilitates tumor cell proliferation and survival in human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), proposing mortalin as a novel therapeutic target for MTC. In this report, we show that mortalin is also upregulated in other thyroid tumor types, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and that mortalin depletion can effectively induce growth arrest and cell death in human PTC (TPC-1), FTC (FTC133), and ATC (8505C and C643) cells in culture. Intriguingly, mortalin depletion induced varied effects on cell cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase arrest in TPC-1 and C643, G2/M phase arrest in 8505C, and mild G2/M phase arrest with increased sub-G0/G1 population in FTC133) and on the levels of TP53, E2F-1, p21CIP1, p27KIP1, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in these cells, suggesting that thyroid tumor cells respond to mortalin depletion in a cell type-specific manner. In these cells, we also determined the efficacy of triphenyl-phosphonium-carboxy-proxyl (Mito-CP) because this mitochondria-targeted metabolism interfering agent exhibited similar tumor suppressive effects as mortalin depletion in MTC cells. Indeed, Mito-CP also induced robust caspase-dependent apoptosis in PTC and ATC cell lines in vitro, exhibiting IC50 lower than PLX4032 in 8505C cells and IC50 lower than vandetanib and cabozantinib in TPC-1 cells. Intriguingly, Mito-CP-induced cell death was partially rescued by mortalin overexpression, suggesting that Mito-CP may inactivate a mechanism that requires mortalin function. These findings support the significance of mortalin and mitochondrial activity in a broad spectrum of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Starenki
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Nadiya Sosonkina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Seung-Keun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Li S, Lv M, Qiu S, Meng J, Liu W, Zuo J, Yang L. NF-κB p65 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration via regulating mortalin. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4338-4348. [PMID: 30983127 PMCID: PMC6533498 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that mortalin, a HSP70 family member, contributes to the development and progression of ovarian cancer. However, details of the transcriptional regulation of mortalin remain unknown. We aimed to determine whether NF‐κB p65 participates in the regulation of mortalin expression in ovarian cancer cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were used to identify mortalin gene sequences, to which NF‐κB p65 binds. Results indicated that NF‐κB p65 binds to the mortalin promoter at a site with the sequence ‘CGGGGTTTCA’. Using lentiviral pLVX‐NF‐κB‐puro and Lentivirus‐delivered NF‐κB short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we created ovarian cancer cell lines in which NF‐κB p65 was stably up‐regulated and down‐regulated. Using these cells, we found that downregulation of NF‐κB p65 inhibits the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Further experimental evidence indicated that downregulation of NF‐κB p65 reduced mortalin, and upregulation of mortalin rescued the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells reduced by NF‐κB p65 knockdown. In conclusion, NF‐κB p65 binds to the mortalin promoter and promotes ovarian cancer cells proliferation and migration via regulating mortalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Meng
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zuo
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sundar D, Yu Y, Katiyar SP, Putri JF, Dhanjal JK, Wang J, Sari AN, Kolettas E, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Wild type p53 function in p53 Y220C mutant harboring cells by treatment with Ashwagandha derived anticancer withanolides: bioinformatics and experimental evidence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:103. [PMID: 30808373 PMCID: PMC6390572 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor suppressor p53 protein is frequently mutated in a large majority of cancers. These mutations induce local or global changes in protein structure thereby affecting its binding to DNA. The structural differences between the wild type and mutant p53 thus provide an opportunity to selectively target mutated p53 harboring cancer cells. Restoration of wild type p53 activity in mutants using small molecules that can revert the structural changes have been considered for cancer therapeutics. Methods We used bioinformatics and molecular docking tools to investigate the structural changes between the wild type and mutant p53 proteins (p53V143A, p53R249S, p53R273H and p53Y220C) and explored the therapeutic potential of Withaferin A and Withanone for restoration of wild type p53 function in cancer cells. Cancer cells harboring the specific mutant p53 proteins were used for molecular assays to determine the mutant or wild type p53 functions. Results We found that p53V143A mutation does not show any significant structural changes and was also refractory to the binding of withanolides. p53R249S mutation critically disturbed the H-bond network and destabilized the DNA binding site. However, withanolides did not show any selective binding to either this mutant or other similar variants. p53Y220C mutation created a cavity near the site of mutation with local loss of hydrophobicity and water network, leading to functionally inactive conformation. Mutated structure could accommodate withanolides suggesting their conformational selectivity to target p53Y220C mutant. Using human cell lines containing specific p53 mutant proteins, we demonstrated that Withaferin A, Withanone and the extract rich in these withanolides caused restoration of wild type p53 function in mutant p53Y220C cells. This was associated with induction of p21WAF-1-mediated growth arrest/apoptosis. Conclusion The study suggested that withanolides may serve as highly potent anticancer compounds for treatment of cancers harboring a p53Y220C mutation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1099-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durai Sundar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Yue Yu
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Shashank P Katiyar
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Jayarani F Putri
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- DAILAB, Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - Jia Wang
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Anissa Nofita Sari
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, and Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan.
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305 8565, Japan.
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Pham MQ, Tran THV, Pham QL, Gairin JE. In silico analysis of the binding properties of solasonine to mortalin and p53, and in vitro pharmacological studies of its apoptotic and cytotoxic effects on human HepG2 and Hep3b hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:385-396. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quan Pham
- UPS UMR 152 Pharma‐DEV Université Toulouse 3 Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Toulouse 35 Chemin des Maraîchers F‐31062 Toulouse France
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Building 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Hoai Van Tran
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Building 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Graduate University of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
- Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine Ministry of Health 2 Tran Phu Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Quoc Long Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Building 1H, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Jean Edouard Gairin
- UPS UMR 152 Pharma‐DEV Université Toulouse 3 Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Toulouse 35 Chemin des Maraîchers F‐31062 Toulouse France
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Park SH, Baek KH, Shin I, Shin I. Subcellular Hsp70 Inhibitors Promote Cancer Cell Death via Different Mechanisms. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1242-1254.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sane S, Hafner A, Srinivasan R, Masood D, Slunecka JL, Noldner CJ, Hanson AD, Kruisselbrink T, Wang X, Wang Y, Yin J, Rezvani K. UBXN2A enhances CHIP-mediated proteasomal degradation of oncoprotein mortalin-2 in cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1753-1777. [PMID: 30107089 PMCID: PMC6166003 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of oncoproteins is a major cause of treatment failure using current chemotherapeutic drugs. Drug-induced degradation of oncoproteins is feasible and can improve clinical outcomes in diverse types of cancers. Mortalin-2 (mot-2) is a dominant oncoprotein in several tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition to inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor protein, mot-2 enhances tumor cell invasion and migration. Thus, mot-2 is considered a potential therapeutic target in several cancer types. The current study investigated the biological role of a ubiquitin-like protein called UBXN2A in the regulation of mot-2 turnover. An orthogonal ubiquitin transfer technology followed by immunoprecipitation, in vitro ubiquitination, and Magnetic Beads TUBE2 pull-down experiments revealed that UBXN2A promotes carboxyl terminus of the HSP70-interacting protein (CHIP)-dependent ubiquitination of mot-2. We subsequently showed that UBXN2A increases proteasomal degradation of mot-2. A subcellular compartmentalization experiment revealed that induced UBXN2A decreases the level of mot-2 and its chaperone partner, HSP60. Pharmacological upregulation of UBXN2A using a small molecule, veratridine (VTD), decreases the level of mot-2 in cancer cells. Consistent with the in vitro results, UBXN2A+/- mice exhibited selective elevation of mot-2 in colon tissues. An in vitro Anti-K48 TUBE isolation approach showed that recombinant UBXN2A enhances proteasomal degradation of mot-2 in mouse colon tissues. Finally, we observed enhanced association of CHIP with the UBXN2A-mot-2 complex in tumors in an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse CRC model. The existence of a multiprotein complex containing UBXN2A, CHIP, and mot-2 suggests a synergistic tumor suppressor activity of UBXN2A and CHIP in mot-2-enriched tumors. This finding validates the UBXN2A-CHIP axis as a novel and potential therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Sane
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Andre Hafner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Rekha Srinivasan
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Daniall Masood
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - John l. Slunecka
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Collin J. Noldner
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Alex D. Hanson
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Taylor Kruisselbrink
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Diagnostics & TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineThe University of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
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Penna C, Sorge M, Femminò S, Pagliaro P, Brancaccio M. Redox Aspects of Chaperones in Cardiac Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:216. [PMID: 29615920 PMCID: PMC5864891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are stress proteins that allow the correct folding or unfolding as well as the assembly or disassembly of macromolecular cellular components. Changes in expression and post-translational modifications of chaperones have been linked to a number of age- and stress-related diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. Redox sensible post-translational modifications, such as S-nitrosylation, glutathionylation and phosphorylation of chaperone proteins have been reported. Redox-dependent regulation of chaperones is likely to be a phenomenon involved in metabolic processes and may represent an adaptive response to several stress conditions, especially within mitochondria, where it impacts cellular bioenergetics. These post-translational modifications might underlie the mechanisms leading to cardioprotection by conditioning maneuvers as well as to ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this review, we discuss this topic and focus on two important aspects of redox-regulated chaperones, namely redox regulation of mitochondrial chaperone function and cardiac protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Sorge
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Kang Q, Zou H, Yang X, Cai JB, Liu LX, Xie N, Wang LM, Li YH, Zhang XW. Characterization and prognostic significance of mortalin, Bcl-2 and Bax in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2161-2168. [PMID: 29434920 PMCID: PMC5777101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive type of cancer, and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide. Mortalin is a highly conserved chaperone protein involved in multiple pathological and physiological processes, including anti-apoptosis, carcinogenesis and metastasis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins can be divided into pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between mortalin, Bcl-2 and Bax, as well as the prognostic significance of the combined expression of mortalin, Bcl-2 and Bax in ICC. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of mortalin, Bcl-2 and Bax in 116 ICC samples and to assess the association between expression of 3 markers and clinicopathological features of ICC patients. This revealed that ICC tumor tissues overexpressed mortalin and Bcl-2 and exhibited low expression of Bax in ICC tumor tissues compared with that in corresponding peritumoral samples. According to Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, high expression of mortalin in ICC was positively correlated with Bcl-2 expression and negatively correlated with Bax expression. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that mortalin was positively associated with Bcl-2, but not with Bax, in patients with ICC. Patients with ICC exhibiting high expression of mortalin/Bcl-2 or low expression of Bax were closely associated with a malignant ICC phenotype, a relatively low overall survival rate and a high recurrence rate. Multivariate analysis indicated that mortalin and Bcl-2 were independent prognostic indicators for ICC patients. Meanwhile, the concomitant overexpression of mortalin and Bcl-2 and the low expression of Bax were independent markers for predicting a relatively poor prognosis of ICC. The overexpression of mortalin and Bcl-2 and/or the low expression of Bax are implicated in the anti-apoptotic effect and tumor progression of ICC. Mortalin or Bcl-2, or a combination of mortalin, Bcl-2 and Bax may be used to predict the prognosis of ICC, as well as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650105, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650105, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650105, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650105, P.R. China.,Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Min Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650105, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650105, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650105, P.R. China
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Putri JF, Widodo N, Sakamoto K, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Induction of senescence in cancer cells by 5′-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine: Bioinformatics and experimental insights to its targets. Comput Biol Chem 2017; 70:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Steady-State Levels of Phosphorylated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 1/2 Determined by Mortalin/HSPA9 and Protein Phosphatase 1 Alpha in KRAS and BRAF Tumor Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00061-17. [PMID: 28674184 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00061-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although deregulation of MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity is a key feature in cancer, high-magnitude MEK/ERK activity can paradoxically induce growth inhibition. Therefore, additional mechanisms may exist to modulate MEK/ERK activity in favor of tumor cell proliferation. We previously reported that mortalin/HSPA9 can facilitate proliferation of certain KRAS and BRAF tumor cells by modulating MEK/ERK activity. In this study, we demonstrated that mortalin can regulate MEK/ERK activity via protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α). We found that PP1α inhibition increases steady-state levels of phosphorylated MEK1/2 in various tumor cells expressing B-RafV600E or K-RasG12C/D Intriguingly, coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro binding assays revealed that mortalin facilitates PP1α-mediated MEK1/2 dephosphorylation by promoting PP1α-MEK1/2 interaction in an ATP-sensitive manner. The region spanning Val482 to Glu491 in the substrate-binding cavity and the substrate lid of mortalin were necessary for these physical interactions, which is consistent with conventional heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-client interaction mechanisms. Nevertheless, mortalin depletion did not affect cellular PP1α levels or its regulatory phosphorylation, suggesting a nonconventional role for mortalin in promoting PP1α-MEK1/2 interaction. Of note, PP1α was upregulated in human melanoma and pancreatic cancer biopsy specimens in correlation with mortalin upregulation. PP1α may therefore have a role in tumorigenesis in concert with mortalin, which affects MEK/ERK activity in tumor cells.
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Sun J, Che SL, Piao JJ, Xu M, Chen LY, Lin ZH. Mortalin overexpression predicts poor prognosis in early stage of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695918. [PMID: 28349826 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortalin is a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, which is involved in multiple cellular processes and may play key roles in promoting carcinogenesis. This study attempted to identify the clinical consequences of Mortalin overexpression and its roles in the prognostic evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer. A total of 120 non-small cell lung cancer samples paired with the adjacent non-tumor tissue samples and 10 normal lung tissues were selected for immunohistochemical staining for Mortalin. The localization of Mortalin was detected in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells using immunofluorescence staining. The correlations between Mortalin overexpression and the clinical features of non-small cell lung cancers were evaluated using the chi-square test. The survival analysis was calculated via the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard models. Our studies suggested that Mortalin exhibited a primarily cytoplasmic staining pattern in the non-small cell lung cancers. The rate of strongly positive Mortalin expression was higher in the non-small cell lung cancer samples than in the adjacent non-tumor samples or in normal lung tissues. Mortalin overexpression was significantly correlated with high histological grades, advanced stages, lymph node metastases, and lower disease-free survival and overall survival rates of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The survival analysis demonstrated that Mortalin overexpression was a significant independent prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer, especially for patients with early stage of non-small cell lung cancer. In conclusion, Mortalin is up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer, and it may be a potential biomarker of prognostic evaluation and a molecular therapeutic target for patients with early stage of non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Shuan-Long Che
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Jun-Jie Piao
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Ming Xu
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Yan Chen
- 2 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of ChangBai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Lin
- 1 Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China
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Relevance of mortalin to cancer cell stemness and cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42016. [PMID: 28165047 PMCID: PMC5292728 DOI: 10.1038/srep42016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortalin/mtHsp70 is a member of Hsp70 family of proteins. Enriched in a large variety of cancers, it has been shown to contribute to the process of carcinogenesis by multiple ways including inactivation of tumor suppressor p53 protein, deregulation of apoptosis and activation of EMT signaling. In this study, we report that upregulation of mortalin contributes to cancer cell stemness. Several cancer cell stemness markers, such as ABCG2, OCT-4, CD133, ALDH1, CD9, MRP1 and connexin were upregulated in mortalin-overexpressing cells that showed higher ability to form spheroids. These cells also showed higher migration, and were less responsive to a variety of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Of note, knockdown of mortalin by specific shRNA sensitized these cells to all the drugs used in this study. We report that low doses of anti-mortalin molecules, MKT-077 and CAPE, also caused similar sensitization of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and hence are potential candidates for effective cancer chemotherapy.
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Kang Q, Cai JB, Dong RZ, Liu LX, Zhang C, Zhang PF, Zou H, Xie N, Zhang L, Zhang XY, Song ZJ, Dong ZR, Hu MY, Huang XY, Zhang XW, Ke AW, Shi GM. Mortalin promotes cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:677-683. [PMID: 28096273 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains poor in terms of overall survival (OS) and recurrence rate. Mortalin, a stress chaperone, has been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, its role in ICC has not been defined. METHODS Mortalin expression in tumour samples from patients with ICC was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and correlation between its expression and clinicopathological features was assessed. In addition, invasion, migration proliferation and apoptosis, and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers in ICC cells were assessed after mortalin depletion. Finally, the prognostic significance of mortalin in patients with ICC was further evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS We provide evidence that expression of mortalin in human ICC tissues is higher than that in matched peritumoural tissues. The interference of mortalin expression inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ICC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, inhibition of mortalin expression in ICC cells upregulated E-cadherin expression and decreased vimentin and snail expression. Clinically, a high level of mortalin in ICC samples was associated with loss of E-cadherin, and increased expression of vimentin and snail. Patients with ICC and high mortalin expression had a shorter OS and a higher recurrence rate. Multivariate analysis revealed that mortalin overexpression was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with ICC. CONCLUSIONS Mortalin may promote cell proliferation and invasion via induction of EMT of ICC cells. A high level of mortalin may be used as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Zhao Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Ji Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yu Hu
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Kerkhofs M, Giorgi C, Marchi S, Seitaj B, Parys JB, Pinton P, Bultynck G, Bittremieux M. Alterations in Ca 2+ Signalling via ER-Mitochondria Contact Site Remodelling in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:225-254. [PMID: 28815534 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inter-organellar contact sites establish microdomains for localised Ca2+-signalling events. One of these microdomains is established between the ER and the mitochondria. Importantly, the so-called mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) contain, besides structural proteins and proteins involved in lipid exchange, several Ca2+-transport systems, mediating efficient Ca2+ transfer from the ER to the mitochondria. These Ca2+ signals critically control several mitochondrial functions, thereby impacting cell metabolism, cell death and survival, proliferation and migration. Hence, the MAMs have emerged as critical signalling hubs in physiology, while their dysregulation is an important factor that drives or at least contributes to oncogenesis and tumour progression. In this book chapter, we will provide an overview of the role of the MAMs in cell function and how alterations in the MAM composition contribute to oncogenic features and behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Kerkhofs
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bruno Seitaj
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Rezvani K. UBXD Proteins: A Family of Proteins with Diverse Functions in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101724. [PMID: 27754413 PMCID: PMC5085755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The UBXD family is a diverse group of UBX (ubiquitin-regulatory X) domain-containing proteins in mammalian cells. Members of this family contain a UBX domain typically located at the carboxyl-terminal of the protein. In contrast to the UBX domain shared by all members of UBXD family, the amino-terminal domains are diverse and appear to carry out different roles in a subcellular localization-dependent manner. UBXD proteins are principally associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they positively or negatively regulate the ER-associated degradation machinery (ERAD). The distinct protein interaction networks of UBXD proteins allow them to have specific functions independent of the ERAD pathway in a cell type- and tissue context-dependent manner. Recent reports have illustrated that a number of mammalian members of the UBXD family play critical roles in several proliferation and apoptosis pathways dysregulated in selected types of cancer. This review covers recent advances that elucidate the therapeutic potential of selected members of the UBXD family that can contribute to tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
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A plant alkaloid, veratridine, potentiates cancer chemosensitivity by UBXN2A-dependent inhibition of an oncoprotein, mortalin-2. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23561-81. [PMID: 26188124 PMCID: PMC4695137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Veratridine (VTD), an alkaloid derived from the Liliaceae plant shows anti-tumor effects; however, its molecular targets have not been thoroughly studied. Using a high-throughput drug screen, we found that VTD enhances transactivation of UBXN2A, resulting in upregulation of UBXN2A in the cytoplasm, where UBXN2A binds and inhibits the oncoprotein mortalin-2 (mot-2). VTD-treated cancer cells undergo cell death in UBXN2A- and mot-2-dependent manners. The cytotoxic function of VTD is grade-dependent, and the combined treatment with a sub-optimal dose of the standard chemotherapy, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and etoposide, demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in higher therapeutic efficacy. VTD influences the CD44+ stem cells, possibly through UBXN2A-dependent inhibition of mot-2. The VTD-dependent expression of UBXN2A is a potential candidate for designing novel strategies for colon cancer treatment because: 1) In 50% of colon cancer patients, UBXN2A protein levels in tumor tissues are significantly lower than those in the adjacent normal tissues. 2) Cytoplasmic expression of the mot-2 protein is very low in non-cancerous cells; thus, VTD can produce tumor-specific toxicity while normal cells remain intact. 3) Finally, VTD or its modified analogs offer a valuable adjuvant chemotherapy strategy to improve the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for colon cancer patients harboring WT-p53.
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Na Y, Kaul SC, Ryu J, Lee JS, Ahn HM, Kaul Z, Kalra RS, Li L, Widodo N, Yun CO, Wadhwa R. Stress Chaperone Mortalin Contributes to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2754-2765. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jin H, Ji M, Chen L, Liu Q, Che S, Xu M, Lin Z. The clinicopathological significance of Mortalin overexpression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:42. [PMID: 26955804 PMCID: PMC4784366 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Mortalin/GRP75 is a ubiquitous mitochondrial chaperone which related to the cytosolic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and plays a role in carcinogenesis. This study aims to investigate the Mortalin expression in breast cancer and its correlation with the outcome of the patients with breast cancer. Methods A total of 155 invasive ductal carcinoma of breast patients with strict follow-up, 52 ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 45 adjacent non-tumor breast tissues were selected for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Mortalin protein. The localization of Mortalin protein was detected in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells using immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The correlations between overexpression of Mortalin and the clinical features of patients with breast cancer were evaluated using chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relationship between prognostic factors and patient survival was also analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard models. Results Mortalin protein showed a mainly cytoplasmic staining pattern in breast cancers by using IHC staining in paraffin embedded breast cancer tissues and IF staining in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. The strongly positive rate of Mortalin protein was 63.9 % (99/155) in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast and was significantly higher than in DCIS 34.6 % (18/52) and adjacent non-tumor tissues 15.6 % (7/45). Overexpression of Mortalin was closely correlated with histological grade, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, lower disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, multivariate analysis suggested that Mortalin emerged as a significant independent prognostic factor along with clinical stage and Her2 expression status in patients with breast cancer. Conclusions Mortalin is upregulated in breast cancer, and may be a useful poor prognostic biomarker as well as a potential therapeutic target for patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidan Jin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Meiying Ji
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Liyan Chen
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Qixiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Shuanlong Che
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Gassié L, Lombard A, Moraldi T, Bibonne A, Leclerc C, Moreau M, Marlier A, Gilbert T. Hspa9 is required for pronephros specification and formation inXenopus laevis. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1538-49. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Gassié
- Université Toulouse 3 Centre de Biologie du Développement; Toulouse France
| | | | - Tiphanie Moraldi
- Université Lyon 1 Institut Universitaire Technologique; Villeurbanne France
| | - Anne Bibonne
- Université Toulouse 3 Centre de Biologie du Développement; Toulouse France
- CNRS UMR 5547; Toulouse France
| | - Catherine Leclerc
- Université Toulouse 3 Centre de Biologie du Développement; Toulouse France
- CNRS UMR 5547; Toulouse France
| | - Marc Moreau
- Université Toulouse 3 Centre de Biologie du Développement; Toulouse France
- CNRS UMR 5547; Toulouse France
| | - Arnaud Marlier
- Yale' School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine; New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Thierry Gilbert
- Université Toulouse 3 Centre de Biologie du Développement; Toulouse France
- CNRS UMR 5547; Toulouse France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Toulouse France
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Abdullah A, Sane S, Freeling JL, Wang H, Zhang D, Rezvani K. Nucleocytoplasmic Translocation of UBXN2A Is Required for Apoptosis during DNA Damage Stresses in Colon Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:1066-78. [PMID: 26516353 PMCID: PMC4615341 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcellular localization, expression level, and activity of anti-cancer proteins alter in response to intrinsic and extrinsic cellular stresses to reverse tumor progression. The purpose of this study is to determine whether UBXN2A, an activator of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, has different subcellular compartmentalization in response to the stress of DNA damage. We measured trafficking of the UBXN2A protein in response to two different DNA damage stresses, UVB irradiation and the genotoxic agent Etoposide, in colon cancer cell lines. Using a cytosol-nuclear fractionation technique followed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining, we monitored and quantitated UBXN2A and p53 proteins as well as p53's downstream apoptotic pathway. We showed that the anti-cancer protein UBXN2A acts in the early phase of cell response to two different DNA damage stresses, being induced to translocate into the cytoplasm in a dose- and time-dependent manner. UVB-induced cytoplasmic UBXN2A binds to mortalin-2 (mot-2), a known oncoprotein in colon tumors. UVB-dependent upregulation of UBXN2A in the cytoplasm decreases p53 binding to mot-2 and activates apoptotic events in colon cancer cells. In contrast, the shRNA-mediated depletion of UBXN2A leads to significant reduction in apoptosis in colon cancer cells exposed to UVB and Etoposide. Leptomycin B (LMB), which was able to block UBXN2A nuclear export following Etoposide treatment, sustained p53-mot-2 interaction and had partially antagonistic effects with Etoposide on cell apoptosis. The present study shows that nucleocytoplasmic translocation of UBXN2A in response to stresses is necessary for its anti-cancer function in the cytoplasm. In addition, LMB-dependent suppression of UBXN2A's translocation to the cytoplasm upon stress allows the presence of an active mot-2 oncoprotein in the cytoplasm, resulting in p53 sequestration as well as activation of other mot-2-dependent growth promoting pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Abdullah
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Sanam Sane
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Jessica L Freeling
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Hongmin Wang
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- 2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Blvd., P.O. Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY 11568-8000, USA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- 1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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