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Whiwon L, Salma S, Daniel A, Stephanie L, Marc C, Cherith S, Abby T, Angela S, Robin H, Yvonne B. Patient-facing digital tools for delivering genetic services: a systematic review. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1-10. [PMID: 36137613 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of digital genetics tools on patient care and system efficiencies. MEDLINE and Embase were searched for articles published between January 2010 and March 2021. Studies evaluating the use of patient-facing digital tools in the context of genetic service delivery were included. Two reviewers screened and extracted patient-reported and system-focused outcomes from each study. Data were synthesised using a descriptive approach. Of 3226 unique studies identified, 87 were included. A total of 70 unique digital tools were identified. As a result of using digital tools, 84% of studies reported a positive outcome in at least one of the following patient outcomes: knowledge, psychosocial well-being, behavioural/management changes, family communication, decision-making or level of engagement. Digital tools improved workflow and efficiency for providers and reduced the amount of time they needed to spend with patients. However, we identified a misalignment between study purpose and patient-reported outcomes measured and a lack of tools that encompass the entire genetic counselling and testing trajectory. Given increased demand for genetic services and the shift towards virtual care, this review provides evidence that digital tools can be used to efficiently deliver patient-centred care. Future research should prioritise development, evaluation and implementation of digital tools that can support the entire patient trajectory across a range of clinical settings. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020202862.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Whiwon
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shickh Salma
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Assamad Daniel
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luca Stephanie
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clausen Marc
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Somerville Cherith
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tafler Abby
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaw Angela
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hayeems Robin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bombard Yvonne
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Zuo Y, Xiong Q, Li Q, Zhao B, Xue F, Shen L, Li H, Yuan Q, Cao S. Osteogenic growth peptide (OGP)-loaded amphiphilic peptide (NapFFY) supramolecular hydrogel promotes osteogenesis and bone tissue reconstruction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:558-564. [PMID: 34920074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Efficient bone reconstruction after bone injury remains a great challenge. Injectable supramolecular hydrogels based on amphiphilic peptide have been widely used due to their good biocompatability, non-immunogenicity, and manipulable physicochemical properties by sequence design. Herein, we used a well-studied hydrogelator, NapFFY, to coassemble with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) to prepare a supramolecular hydrogel, NapFFY-OGP. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that OGP was ideally synchronously, and continuously released from the hydrogel to effectively promote the regeneration and reconstruction of skull bone defects. More specifically, after the embedding the rat skull defect area with NapFFY-OGP hydrogels, a bone regeneration rate of 37.54% bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was achieved compared to that of NapFFY hydrogel group (25.09%). NapFFY-OGP hydrogel shows great promise in the clinic repair of bone defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zuo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuchan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luxuan Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Yu S, Lu Y, Su A, Chen J, Li J, Zhou B, Liu X, Xia Q, Li Y, Li J, Huang M, Ye Y, Zhao Q, Jiang S, Yan X, Wang X, Di C, Pan J, Su S. A CD10-OGP Membrane Peptolytic Signaling Axis in Fibroblasts Regulates Lipid Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cells via SCD1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101848. [PMID: 34363355 PMCID: PMC8498877 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations that play a critical role in the dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. The extracellular signals of CAFs have been attributed to the extracellular matrix, cytokines, cell surface checkpoints, and exosomes. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the CD10 transmembrane hydrolase expressed on a subset of CAFs supports tumor stemness and induces chemoresistance. Mechanistically, CD10 degenerates an antitumoral peptide termed osteogenic growth peptide (OGP). OGP restrains the expression of rate-limiting desaturase SCD1 and inhibits lipid desaturation, which is required for cancer stem cells (CSCs). Targeting CD10 significantly improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in vivo. Clinically, CD10-OGP signals are associated with the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The collective data suggest that a nexus between the niche and lipid metabolism in CSCs is a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - An Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Boxuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Xinwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Qidong Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yihong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yingying Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Researchthe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat‐sen University)Ministry of EducationGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - Sushi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Can Di
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jiayao Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationMedical Research CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Breast Tumor CenterSun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Department of ImmunologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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4
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Guerra-Almeida D, Tschoeke DA, da-Fonseca RN. Understanding small ORF diversity through a comprehensive transcription feature classification. DNA Res 2021; 28:6317669. [PMID: 34240112 PMCID: PMC8435553 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small open reading frames (small ORFs/sORFs/smORFs) are potentially coding sequences smaller than 100 codons that have historically been considered junk DNA by gene prediction software and in annotation screening; however, the advent of next-generation sequencing has contributed to the deeper investigation of junk DNA regions and their transcription products, resulting in the emergence of smORFs as a new focus of interest in systems biology. Several smORF peptides were recently reported in noncanonical mRNAs as new players in numerous biological contexts; however, their relevance is still overlooked in coding potential analysis. Hence, this review proposes a smORF classification based on transcriptional features, discussing the most promising approaches to investigate smORFs based on their different characteristics. First, smORFs were divided into nonexpressed (intergenic) and expressed (genic) smORFs. Second, genic smORFs were classified as smORFs located in noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) or canonical mRNAs. Finally, smORFs in ncRNAs were further subdivided into sequences located in small or long RNAs, whereas smORFs located in canonical mRNAs were subdivided into several specific classes depending on their localization along the gene. We hope that this review provides new insights into large-scale annotations and reinforces the role of smORFs as essential components of a hidden coding DNA world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guerra-Almeida
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo Antonio Tschoeke
- Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Graduate Studies and Engineering Research (COPPE), Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes- da-Fonseca
- Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Saska S, Pires LC, Cominotte MA, Mendes LS, de Oliveira MF, Maia IA, da Silva JVL, Ribeiro SJL, Cirelli JA. Three-dimensional printing and in vitro evaluation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) scaffolds functionalized with osteogenic growth peptide for tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 89:265-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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6
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Abstract
Peptides encoded by short open reading frames (sORFs) are usually defined as peptides ≤100 aa long. Usually sORFs were ignored by automatic genome annotation programs due to the high probability of false discovery. However, improved computational tools along with a high-throughput RIBO-seq approach identified a myriad of translated sORFs. Their importance becomes evident as we are gaining experimental validation of their diverse cellular functions. This Review examines various computational and experimental approaches of sORFs identification as well as provides the summary of our current knowledge of their functional roles in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Chugunova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119992, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
| | - Tsimafei Navalayeu
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Olga Dontsova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119992, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
| | - Petr Sergiev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University , Department of Chemistry and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119992, Russia.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russia
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7
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Pigossi SC, Medeiros MC, Saska S, Cirelli JA, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Role of Osteogenic Growth Peptide (OGP) and OGP(10-14) in Bone Regeneration: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111885. [PMID: 27879684 PMCID: PMC5133884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a process that involves several molecular mediators, such as growth factors, which directly affect the proliferation, migration and differentiation of bone-related cells. The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and its C-terminal pentapeptide OGP(10–14) have been shown to stimulate the proliferation, differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization of osteoblastic lineage cells. However, the exact molecular mechanisms that promote osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation are not completely understood. This review presents the main chemical characteristics of OGP and/or OGP(10–14), and also discusses the potential molecular pathways induced by these growth factors to promote proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Furthermore, since these peptides have been extensively investigated for bone tissue engineering, the clinical applications of these peptides for bone regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzane C Pigossi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Humaita St, 1680, CEP 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry, UNESP- São Paulo State University, Humaita St, 1680, CEP 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcell C Medeiros
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Humaita St, 1680, CEP 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sybele Saska
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Professor Francisco Degni St, 55, CEP 14800-900 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Joni A Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Humaita St, 1680, CEP 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raquel M Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Humaita St, 1680, CEP 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry, UNESP- São Paulo State University, Humaita St, 1680, CEP 14801-903 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Wang Z, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang P. Improved Cell Adhesion and Osteogenesis of op-HA/PLGA Composite by Poly(dopamine)-Assisted Immobilization of Collagen Mimetic Peptide and Osteogenic Growth Peptide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26559-26569. [PMID: 27649958 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A nanocomposite of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) with a different grafting ratio of l-lactic acid oligomer (op-HA) showed better interface compatibility, mineralization, and osteogenetic abilities. However, surface modification of the composite is crucial to improve the osteointegration for bone regeneration. In this study, a biomimetic process via poly(dopamine) coating was utilized to prepare functional substrate surfaces with immobilized bioactive peptides that efficiently regulate the osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). Our study demonstrated that incorporation of collagen mimetic peptide significantly enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. The immobilization of osteogenic growth peptide induced the osteodifferentiation of cells, as indicated by the alkaline phosphate activity test, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. The mineralization on the peptide-modified substrates was also enhanced greatly. Findings from this study revealed that this biofunctionalized layer on op-HA/PLGA substrate improved mineralization and osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the surface modification strategy with bioactive peptides shows potential to enhance the osteointegration of bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University , Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Peibiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
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9
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Amso Z, Cornish J, Brimble MA. Short Anabolic Peptides for Bone Growth. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:579-640. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Amso
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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10
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Mouilleron H, Delcourt V, Roucou X. Death of a dogma: eukaryotic mRNAs can code for more than one protein. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:14-23. [PMID: 26578573 PMCID: PMC4705651 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNAs carry the genetic information that is translated by ribosomes. The traditional view of a mature eukaryotic mRNA is a molecule with three main regions, the 5' UTR, the protein coding open reading frame (ORF) or coding sequence (CDS), and the 3' UTR. This concept assumes that ribosomes translate one ORF only, generally the longest one, and produce one protein. As a result, in the early days of genomics and bioinformatics, one CDS was associated with each protein-coding gene. This fundamental concept of a single CDS is being challenged by increasing experimental evidence indicating that annotated proteins are not the only proteins translated from mRNAs. In particular, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and ribosome profiling have detected productive translation of alternative open reading frames. In several cases, the alternative and annotated proteins interact. Thus, the expression of two or more proteins translated from the same mRNA may offer a mechanism to ensure the co-expression of proteins which have functional interactions. Translational mechanisms already described in eukaryotic cells indicate that the cellular machinery is able to translate different CDSs from a single viral or cellular mRNA. In addition to summarizing data showing that the protein coding potential of eukaryotic mRNAs has been underestimated, this review aims to challenge the single translated CDS dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Mouilleron
- Department of biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vivian Delcourt
- Department of biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec, Canada Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Xavier Roucou
- Department of biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Van Damme P, Gawron D, Van Criekinge W, Menschaert G. N-terminal proteomics and ribosome profiling provide a comprehensive view of the alternative translation initiation landscape in mice and men. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1245-61. [PMID: 24623590 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.036442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Usage of presumed 5'UTR or downstream in-frame AUG codons, next to non-AUG codons as translation start codons contributes to the diversity of a proteome as protein isoforms harboring different N-terminal extensions or truncations can serve different functions. Recent ribosome profiling data revealed a highly underestimated occurrence of database nonannotated, and thus alternative translation initiation sites (aTIS), at the mRNA level. N-terminomics data in addition showed that in higher eukaryotes around 20% of all identified protein N termini point to such aTIS, to incorrect assignments of the translation start codon, translation initiation at near-cognate start codons, or to alternative splicing. We here report on more than 1700 unique alternative protein N termini identified at the proteome level in human and murine cellular proteomes. Customized databases, created using the translation initiation mapping obtained from ribosome profiling data, additionally demonstrate the use of initiator methionine decoded near-cognate start codons besides the existence of N-terminal extended protein variants at the level of the proteome. Various newly identified aTIS were confirmed by mutagenesis, and meta-analyses demonstrated that aTIS reside in strong Kozak-like motifs and are conserved among eukaryotes, hinting to a possible biological impact. Finally, TargetP analysis predicted that the usage of aTIS often results in altered subcellular localization patterns, providing a mechanism for functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Van Damme
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Aoki K, Alles N, Soysa N, Ohya K. Peptide-based delivery to bone. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1220-38. [PMID: 22709649 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are attractive as novel therapeutic reagents, since they are flexible in adopting and mimicking the local structural features of proteins. Versatile capabilities to perform organic synthetic manipulations are another unique feature of peptides compared to protein-based medicines, such as antibodies. On the other hand, a disadvantage of using a peptide for a therapeutic purpose is its low stability and/or high level of aggregation. During the past two decades, numerous peptides were developed for the treatment of bone diseases, and some peptides have already been used for local applications to repair bone defects in the clinic. However, very few peptides have the ability to form bone themselves. We herein summarize the effects of the therapeutic peptides on bone loss and/or local bone defects, including the results from basic studies. We also herein describe some possible methods for overcoming the obstacles associated with using therapeutic peptide candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Dept. of Hard Tissue Engineering (Pharmacology), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Harte RA, Farrell CM, Loveland JE, Suner MM, Wilming L, Aken B, Barrell D, Frankish A, Wallin C, Searle S, Diekhans M, Harrow J, Pruitt KD. Tracking and coordinating an international curation effort for the CCDS Project. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2012; 2012:bas008. [PMID: 22434842 PMCID: PMC3308164 DOI: 10.1093/database/bas008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Consensus Coding Sequence (CCDS) collaboration involves curators at multiple centers with a goal of producing a conservative set of high quality, protein-coding region annotations for the human and mouse reference genome assemblies. The CCDS data set reflects a ‘gold standard’ definition of best supported protein annotations, and corresponding genes, which pass a standard series of quality assurance checks and are supported by manual curation. This data set supports use of genome annotation information by human and mouse researchers for effective experimental design, analysis and interpretation. The CCDS project consists of analysis of automated whole-genome annotation builds to identify identical CDS annotations, quality assurance testing and manual curation support. Identical CDS annotations are tracked with a CCDS identifier (ID) and any future change to the annotated CDS structure must be agreed upon by the collaborating members. CCDS curation guidelines were developed to address some aspects of curation in order to improve initial annotation consistency and to reduce time spent in discussing proposed annotation updates. Here, we present the current status of the CCDS database and details on our procedures to track and coordinate our efforts. We also present the relevant background and reasoning behind the curation standards that we have developed for CCDS database treatment of transcripts that are nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) candidates, for transcripts containing upstream open reading frames, for identifying the most likely translation start codons and for the annotation of readthrough transcripts. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of these guidelines. Database URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CCDS/CcdsBrowse.cgi
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Harte
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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14
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Duncan EM, Allis CD. Errors in erasure: links between histone lysine methylation removal and disease. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2011; 67:69-90. [PMID: 21141725 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8989-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that covalent histone modifications are dynamically regulated to cause both chemical and physical changes to the chromatin template. Such changes in the chromatin template lead to biologically significant consequences, including differential gene expression. Histone lysine methylation, in particular, has been shown to correlate with gene expression both positively and negatively, depending on the specific site and degree (i.e., mono-, di-, or tri-) of methylation within the histone sequence. Although genetic alterations in the proteins that establish, or "write," methyl modifications and their effect in various human pathologies have been documented, connections between the misregulation of proteins that remove, or "erase," histone methylation and disease have emerged more recently. Here we discuss three mechanisms through which histone methylation can be removed from the chromatin template. We describe how these "erasure" mechanisms are linked to pathways that are known to be misregulated in diseases, such as cancer. We further describe how errors in the removal of histone methylation can and do lead to human pathologies, both directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Duncan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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15
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Ryabinkova NA, Borchsenius AS, Inge-Vechtomov SG. The influence of mutations at ATG triplets of the open reading frame SUP35 on viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RUSS J GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795409020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Kochetov AV. Alternative translation start sites and hidden coding potential of eukaryotic mRNAs. Bioessays 2008; 30:683-91. [PMID: 18536038 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is widely suggested that a eukaryotic mRNA typically contains one translation start site and encodes a single functional protein product. However, according to current points of view on translation initiation mechanisms, eukaryotic ribosomes can recognize several alternative translation start sites and the number of experimentally verified examples of alternative translation is growing rapidly. Also, the frequent occurrence of alternative translation events and their functional significance are supported by the results of computational evaluations. The functional role of alternative translation and its contribution to eukaryotic proteome complexity are discussed.
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17
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Chen ZX, Chang M, Peng YL, Zhao L, Zhan YR, Wang LJ, Wang R. Osteogenic growth peptide C-terminal pentapeptide [OGP(10-14)] acts on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to promote differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 142:16-23. [PMID: 17331598 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2007.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating to osteogenic and adipogenic lineages when stimulated under appropriate conditions. Whether OGP(10-14) directly regulates the progenitor cells differentiating into osteoblasts or adipocytes remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of OGP(10-14) in differentiation along these separate lineages using rat bone marrow MSCs. Our results showed that OGP(10-14) promoted osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells and concurrently inhibited adipocyte formation. OGP(10-14) increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation, and stimulated osteoblast-specific mRNA expression of core-binding factor 1 (cbfa1). In contrast, OGP(10-14) decreased adipocyte numbers and inhibited adipocyte-specific mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPARgamma2). These observations suggest that commitment of MSCs into osteogenic or adipogenic lineages is regulated by OGP(10-14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-xin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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18
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Kochetov AV. Alternative translation start sites and their significance for eukaryotic proteomes. Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893306050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Poirier R, Lemaire I, Lemaire S. Characterization, localization and possible anti-inflammatory function of rat histone H4 mRNA variants. FEBS J 2006; 273:4360-73. [PMID: 16939626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two histone H4 mRNA variants, H4-v.1 and histogranin mRNAs, were detected in the rat genome and measured in various tissues and isolated alveolar macrophages. Medium to high levels of both mRNAs were present in the liver, adrenal glands, thymus, bone marrow and alveolar macrophages. H4-v.1 cDNA contained an open reading frame that coded for unmodified whole histone H4, whereas histogranin cDNA lacked the first ATG codon and contained an open reading frame that coded for modified (Thr89) H4-(84-102). The two genes displayed a sequence homologous (> 80%) to the open reading frame of core H4 somatic (H4s) and H4 germinal (H4g) and their variant nature was supported by the absence of histone consensus palindromic and purine-rich sequences in the proximal 3'UTR, and the presence of a polyadenylation signal in the distal 3'UTR and of specific upstream transcription factor-binding sites. H4-v.1 and histogranin transcripts, but not H4s transcript, were selectively induced by lipopolysaccharide and/or interferon gamma in alveolar macrophages. In vitro transcription/translation experiments with H4-v.1 and histogranin cDNA pCMV constructs produced peptides with the molecular mass (2 kDa) of the alternative histone H4 translation product which, like synthetic H4-(86-100) and [Thr89]H4-(86-100) or rat histogranin, inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E(2) release from rat alveolar macrophages. The synthetic peptides also inhibited the secretion of the CXC chemokine interleukin-8 (GRO/CINC-1) in response to lipopolysaccharide. The presence of H4-v.1 and histogranin mRNAs in tissues wherein immune reactions take place and the inhibitory effects of their translation products on prostaglandin E(2) and interkeukin-8 secretion by activated alveolar macrophages suggest an anti-inflammatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Poirier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada
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20
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Spreafico A, Frediani B, Capperucci C, Leonini A, Gambera D, Ferrata P, Rosini S, Di Stefano A, Galeazzi M, Marcolongo R. Osteogenic growth peptide effects on primary human osteoblast cultures: potential relevance for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:1007-20. [PMID: 16795077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is a naturally occurring tetradecapeptide that has attracted considerable clinical interest as a bone anabolic agent and hematopoietic stimulator. In vivo studies on animals have demonstrated that the synthetic peptide OGP (10-14), reproducing the OGP C-terminal active portion [H-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-OH] increases bone formation, trabecular bone density and fracture healing. In vitro studies performed on cellular systems based on osteoblastic-like cell lines or mouse stromal cells, have demonstrated that OGP (10-14) increases osteoblast proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) activity and matrix synthesis and mineralization. In view of a potential application of OGP (10-14) in clinical therapy, we have tested different concentrations of OGP (10-14) on primary human osteoblast (hOB) cultures. We have observed significant increases of hOB proliferation (+35%), ALKP activity (+60%), osteocalcin secretion (+50%), and mineralized nodules formation (+49%). Our experimental model based on mature hOBs was used to investigate if OGP (10-14) could prevent the effects on bone loss induced by sustained glucocorticoid (GC) treatments. A strong decrease in bone formation has been attributed to the effects of GCs on osteoblastogenesis and osteocyte apoptosis, while an increase in bone resorption was due to a transient osteoblastic stimulation, mediated by the OPG/RANKL/RANK system, of osteoclasts recruitment and activation. Moreover, GCs act on hOBs decreasing the release of osteoprotegerin (OPG) a regulator of the RANKL/RANK interaction. Here, we provide evidences that OGP (10-14) inhibits hOB apoptosis induced by an excess of dexamethasone (-48% of apoptotic cells). Furthermore, we show that OGP (10-14) can increase OPG secretion (+20%) and can restore the altered expression of OPG induced by GCs to physiological levels. Our results support the employment of OGP (10-14) in clinical trials addressed to the treatment of different bone remodeling alterations including the GC-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Spreafico
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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21
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Matsuda D, Dreher TW. Close spacing of AUG initiation codons confers dicistronic character on a eukaryotic mRNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 12:1338-49. [PMID: 16682564 PMCID: PMC1484435 DOI: 10.1261/rna.67906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
TYMV RNA supports the translation of two proteins, p69 and p206, from AUG initiation codons 7 nucleotides apart. We have studied the translation of this overlapping dicistronic mRNA with luciferase reporter RNAs electroporated into cowpea protoplasts and in toe-printing studies that map ribosomes stalled during initiation in wheat germ extracts. Agreement between these two assays indicates that the observed effects reflect ribosome initiation events. The robust expression from the downstream AUG206 codon was dependent on its closeness to the upstream AUG69 codon. Stepwise separation of these codons resulted in a gradual increase in upstream initiation and decrease in downstream initiation, and expression was converted from dicistronic to monocistronic. Selection by ribosomes for initiation between the nearby AUG codons was responsive to the sequence contexts that govern leaky scanning, but the normally strong position effect favoring upstream initiation was greatly diminished. Similar dicistronic expression was supported for RNAs with altered initiation sequences and for RNAs devoid of flanking viral sequences. Closely spaced AUG codons may thus represent an under-recognized strategy for bicistronic expression from eukaryotic mRNAs. The initiation behavior observed in these studies suggests that 5'-3' ribosome scanning involves backward excursions averaging about 15 nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Matsuda
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA
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22
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Poirier R, Lemaire I, Dumont M, Leduc N, Le HT, Lemaire S. Correlation between the expression of the histone H4 mRNA variant H4-v.1 and the levels of histone H4-(86-100) and H4-(89-102) (OGP) in various rat tissues and alveolar macrophages. Peptides 2005; 26:1503-11. [PMID: 16042990 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the expression of the osteogenic and antinociceptive C-terminal histone H4-related peptide fragments, H4-(89-102) (OGP) and H4-(86-100), respectively, within various rat tissues and isolated alveolar macrophages (AM) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). OGP was located mainly within the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lungs whereas H4-(86-100) was more concentrated within the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spinal cord, pituitaries and thymus. The expression pattern of the two peptides showed similarities with the tissue expression pattern of the histone H4 mRNA variant H4-v.1. In rat AM, OGP and H4-(86-100) levels were significantly stimulated (2.6- and 1.9-fold, respectively) by LPS (1 microg/ml), along with H4-v.1 mRNA (4.1-fold), but not whole histone H4 (1.1-fold) nor total histone H4 mRNA (1.1-fold). The results suggest that H4-v.1 mRNA may play a role in the synthesis of the naturally occurring peptides H4-(86-100) and OGP via the alternative translation product H4-(84-102), but not whole histone H4.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Poirier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1H-8M5
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23
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Kochetov AV, Sarai A, Rogozin IB, Shumny VK, Kolchanov NA. The role of alternative translation start sites in the generation of human protein diversity. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 273:491-6. [PMID: 15959805 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-1152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to the scanning model, 40S ribosomal subunits initiate translation at the first (5' proximal) AUG codon they encounter. However, if the first AUG is in a suboptimal context, it may not be recognized, and translation can then initiate at downstream AUG(s). In this way, a single RNA can produce several variant products. Earlier experiments suggested that some of these additional protein variants might be functionally important. We have analysed human mRNAs that have AUG triplets in 5' untranslated regions and mRNAs in which the annotated translational start codon is located in a suboptimal context. It was found that 3% of human mRNAs have the potential to encode N-terminally extended variants of the annotated proteins and 12% could code for N-truncated variants. The predicted subcellular localizations of these protein variants were compared: 31% of the N-extended proteins and 30% of the N-truncated proteins were predicted to localize to subcellular compartments that differed from those targeted by the annotated protein forms. These results suggest that additional AUGs may frequently be exploited for the synthesis of proteins that possess novel functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex V Kochetov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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24
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Smith E, Meyerrose TE, Kohler T, Namdar-Attar M, Bab N, Lahat O, Noh T, Li J, Karaman MW, Hacia JG, Chen TT, Nolta JA, Müller R, Bab I, Frenkel B. Leaky ribosomal scanning in mammalian genomes: significance of histone H4 alternative translation in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:1298-308. [PMID: 15741183 PMCID: PMC552952 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Like alternative splicing, leaky ribosomal scanning (LRS), which occurs at suboptimal translational initiation codons, increases the physiological flexibility of the genome by allowing alternative translation. Comprehensive analysis of 22 208 human mRNAs indicates that, although the most important positions relative to the first nucleotide of the initiation codon, −3 and +4, are usually such that support initiation (A−3 = 42%, G−3 = 36% and G+4 = 47%), only 37.4% of the genes adhere to the purine (R)−3/G+4 rule at both positions simultaneously, suggesting that LRS may occur in some of the remaining (62.6%) genes. Moreover, 12.5% of the genes lack both R−3 and G+4, potentially leading to sLRS. Compared with 11 genes known to undergo LRS, 10 genes with experimental evidence for high fidelity A+1T+2G+3 initiation codons adhered much more strongly to the R−3/G+4 rule. Among the intron-less histone genes, only the H3 genes adhere to the R−3/G+4 rule, while the H1, H2A, H2B and H4 genes usually lack either R−3 or G+4. To address in vivo the significance of the previously described LRS of H4 mRNAs, which results in alternative translation of the osteogenic growth peptide, transgenic mice were engineered that ubiquitously and constitutively express a mutant H4 mRNA with an A+1→T+1 mutation. These transgenic mice, in particular the females, have a high bone mass phenotype, attributable to increased bone formation. These data suggest that many genes may fulfill cryptic functions by LRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisheva Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Todd E. Meyerrose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Children's HospitalLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Thomas Kohler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) and University of Zurich8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malka Namdar-Attar
- Bone Laboratory, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Natti Bab
- Bone Laboratory, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Olga Lahat
- Bone Laboratory, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tommy Noh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mazen W. Karaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Joseph G. Hacia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ting T. Chen
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jan A. Nolta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Children's HospitalLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) and University of Zurich8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Itai Bab
- Bone Laboratory, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC/IGM 240 Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Tel: +1 323 442 1322; Fax: +1 323 442 2764;
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25
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Gabet Y, Müller R, Regev E, Sela J, Shteyer A, Salisbury K, Chorev M, Bab I. Osteogenic growth peptide modulates fracture callus structural and mechanical properties. Bone 2004; 35:65-73. [PMID: 15207742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is a key factor in the mechanism of the systemic osteogenic response to local bone marrow injury. Recent histologic studies have shown that OGP enhances fracture healing in experimental animals. To assess the effect of systemically administered OGP on the biomechanical and quantitative structural properties of the fracture callus, the present study used an integrated approach to evaluate the early stages (up to 4 weeks) of healing of unstable mid-femoral fractures in rats, which included biomechanical, micro-computed tomographic (microCT) and histomorphometric measurements. During the first 3 weeks after fracture, all the quantitative microCT parameters increased in the OGP- and vehicle-treated animals alike. After 4 weeks, the volume of total callus, bony callus, and newly formed bone was approximately 20% higher in animals administered with OGP, consequent to a decrease in the controls. The 4-week total connectivity was 46% higher in the OGP-treated animals. At this time, bridging between the fracture ends by newly formed bone was observed predominantly in the OGP-treated fractures. After 3 and 4 weeks, the OGP-treated animals showed higher biomechanical toughness of the fracture callus as compared to the PBS controls. Significant correlations between structural and biomechanical parameters were restricted to the OGP-treated rats. These data imply that the osteogenic effect of OGP results in enhanced bridging across the fracture gap and consequently improved function of the fracture callus. Therefore, OGP and/or its derivatives are suggested as a potential therapy for the acceleration of bone regeneration in instances of fracture repair and perhaps other bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankel Gabet
- Bone Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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26
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Abstract
Recently, the osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) and its C-terminal pentapeptide H-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-OH [OGP(10-14)] have attracted considerable clinical interest as bone anabolic agents and hematopoietic stimulators. They are present in mammalian serum in micromolar concentrations, increase bone formation and trabecular bone density, and stimulate fracture healing when administered to mice and rats. In cultures of osteoblastic and other bone marrow stromal cells, derived from human and other mammalian species, OGP regulates proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. In vivo it also regulates the expression of type I collagen and the receptor for basic fibroblast growth factor. In addition, OGP and OGP(10-14) enhance hematopoiesis, including the stimulation of bone marrow transplant engraftment and hematopoietic regeneration after ablative chemotherapy. Apparently, the hematopoietic effects of these peptides are secondary to their effect on the bone marrow stroma. Detailed structure-activity relationship study identified the side chains of Tyr(10) and Phe(12) as the principal pharmacophores for OGP-like activity. Recently, it has been demonstrated that several cyclostereoisomers of OGP(10-14), including the analogue retro-inverso (Gly-Gly-D-Phe-Gly-D-Tyr), share the full spectrum of OGP-like bioactivities. Taken together, OGP represents an interesting case of a "housekeeping" peptide that plays an important role in osteogenesis and hematopoiesis, and interacts with its putative macromolecular target via distinct pharmacophores presented in a specific spatial organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Bab
- Bone Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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27
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Elton TS, Martin MM. Alternative splicing: a novel mechanism to fine-tune the expression and function of the human AT1 receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2003; 14:66-71. [PMID: 12591176 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor is closely involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, aberrant regulation of the production of this receptor might play a role in these disorders. Currently, there is strong evidence to suggest that the predominant mechanism regulating the number of AT(1) receptors is the modulation of mRNA stability. Here, we discuss the importance of alternative splicing as an additional post-transcriptional mechanism regulating human AT(1) receptor number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry S Elton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 Benson Science Building, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Selection of the translational initiation site in most eukaryotic mRNAs appears to occur via a scanning mechanism which predicts that proximity to the 5' end plays a dominant role in identifying the start codon. This "position effect" is seen in cases where a mutation creates an AUG codon upstream from the normal start site and translation shifts to the upstream site. The position effect is evident also in cases where a silent internal AUG codon is activated upon being relocated closer to the 5' end. Two mechanisms for escaping the first-AUG rule--reinitiation and context-dependent leaky scanning--enable downstream AUG codons to be accessed in some mRNAs. Although these mechanisms are not new, many new examples of their use have emerged. Via these escape pathways, the scanning mechanism operates even in extreme cases, such as a plant virus mRNA in which translation initiates from three start sites over a distance of 900 nt. This depends on careful structural arrangements, however, which are rarely present in cellular mRNAs. Understanding the rules for initiation of translation enables understanding of human diseases in which the expression of a critical gene is reduced by mutations that add upstream AUG codons or change the context around the AUG(START) codon. The opposite problem occurs in the case of hereditary thrombocythemia: translational efficiency is increased by mutations that remove or restructure a small upstream open reading frame in thrombopoietin mRNA, and the resulting overproduction of the cytokine causes the disease. This and other examples support the idea that 5' leader sequences are sometimes structured deliberately in a way that constrains scanning in order to prevent harmful overproduction of potent regulatory proteins. The accumulated evidence reveals how the scanning mechanism dictates the pattern of transcription--forcing production of monocistronic mRNAs--and the pattern of translation of eukaryotic cellular and viral genes.
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Key Words
- translational control
- aug context
- 5′ untranslated region
- reinitiation
- leaky scanning
- dicistronic mrna
- internal ribosome entry site
- adometdc, s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
- a2ar, a2a adenosine receptor
- c/ebp, ccaat/enhancer binding protein
- ctl, cytotoxic t-lymphocyte
- egfp, enhanced green fluorescent protein
- eif, eukaryotic initiation factor
- hiv-1, human immunodeficiency virus 1
- ires, internal ribosome entry site
- lef1, lymphoid enhancer factor-1
- ogp, osteogenic growth peptide
- orf, open reading frame
- r, purine
- tpo, thrombopoietin
- uporf, upstream open reading frame
- utr, untranslated region
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Kozak
- Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Full enzymatic synthesis of a precursor of bioactive pentapeptide OGP(10-14) in organic solvents. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bocci G, Danesi R, Fioravanti A, Del Tacca M. The effect of osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) on proliferation and adhesion of HEMC-1 human endothelial cells. Pharmacol Res 2002; 45:21-5. [PMID: 11820857 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2001.0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) promotes the growth of osteoblastic, fibroblastic and bone marrow stromal cells. There is no evidence that OGP stimulates the growth or the attachment of endothelial cells to the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to test OGP on in vitro cultures of human microvascular endothelial HEMC-1 cells and to characterize its potential angiogenic effect when administered alone or in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its binding protein alpha(2)-macroglobulin (alpha(2)M). HEMC-1 cells were cultured in vitro under serum-free conditions to study the effects of OGP (10(-14)- 10(-10)M), VEGF (100 ng ml(-1)), alpha(2)M (20 ng ml(-1)) and their combinations on cell proliferation for 48 h. Furthermore, an adhesion assay was performed incubating the HEMC-1 cells with OGP, VEGF, alpha(2)M and their combinations for 24 h. OGP, alpha(2)M and their combination did not stimulate proliferation of HEMC-1 cells; in contrast, VEGF caused a significant enhancement of cell growth ( +37.3 %;P< 0.05). Pre-incubation with VEGF resulted in a fast and increased adhesion of endothelial cells to the matrix as compared to controls ( +87.5 % at 30 min and +86.6 % at 70 min, P< 0.05); in contrast, incubation with OGP alone determined only a significant increase in the attachment at 100 min ( +52 %;P< 0.05). The combinations of these peptides did not cause significant additive effects. These results suggest that OGP, compared to VEGF, induced neither the proliferation nor an increase in attachment of HEMC-1 cells to a matrix, either alone or in combination with VEGF and alpha(2)M. These in vitro findings may suggest a possible administration of OGP, as a haematopoietic factor, to patients affected by pathological conditions involving angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bocci
- Division of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, Department of Oncology, Transplants and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Gabarin N, Gavish H, Muhlrad A, Chen YC, Namdar-Attar M, Nissenson RA, Chorev M, Bab I. Mitogenic G(i) protein-MAP kinase signaling cascade in MC3T3-E1 osteogenic cells: activation by C-terminal pentapeptide of osteogenic growth peptide [OGP(10-14)] and attenuation of activation by cAMP. J Cell Biochem 2001; 81:594-603. [PMID: 11329614 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In osteogenic and other cells the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases have a key role in regulating proliferation and differentiated functions. The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) is a 14 mer mitogen of osteogenic and fibroblastic cells that regulates bone turnover, fracture healing, and hematopoiesis, including the engraftment of bone marrow transplants. It is present in the serum and extracellular fluid either free or complexed to OGP-binding proteins (OGPBPs). The free immunoreactive OGP consists of the full length peptide and its C-terminal pentapeptide OGP(10-14). In the present study, designed to probe the signaling pathways triggered by OGP, we demonstrate in osteogenic MC3T3 E1 cells that mitogenic doses of OGP(10-14), but not OGP, enhance MAP kinase activity in a time-dependent manner. The OGP(10-14)-induced stimulation of both MAP kinase activity and DNA synthesis were abrogated by pertusis toxin, a G(i) protein inhibitor. These data offer direct evidence for the occurrence in osteogenic cells of a peptide-activated, mitogenic Gi protein-MAP kinase-signaling cascade. Forskolin and dBu(2)-cAMP abrogated the OGP(10-14)-stimulated proliferation, but induced only 50% inhibition of the OGP(10-14)-mediated MAP kinase activation, suggesting additional MAP kinase-dependent, OGP(10-14)-regulated, cellular functions. Finally, it is demonstrated that OGP(10-14) is the active form of OGP, apparently generated proteolytically in the extracellular milieu upon dissociation of OGP-OGPBP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gabarin
- Bone Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Chen YC, Bab I, Mansur N, Muhlrad A, Shteyer A, Namdar-Attar M, Gavish H, Vidson M, Chorev M. Structure-bioactivity of C-terminal pentapeptide of osteogenic growth peptide [OGP(10-14)]. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2000; 56:147-56. [PMID: 11007271 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2000.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) consists of 14 residues identical to the C-terminal tail of histone H4. Native and synthetic OGP are mitogenic to osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells and enhance osteogenesis and hematopoiesis in vivo. The C-terminal truncated pentapeptide of OGP, H-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Gly-OH [OGP(10-14)], is a naturally occurring osteoblastic mitogen, equipotent to OGP. The present study assesses the role of individual amino acid residues and side chains in the OGP(10-14) mitogenic activity which showed a very high correlation between osteoblastic and fibroblastic cell cultures. Truncation of either Tyr10 or its replacement by Ala or D-Ala resulted in substantial, but not complete, loss of activity. Nevertheless, only a small loss of activity was observed following removal of the Tyr10 amino group. No further loss occurred consequent to the monoiodination of desaminoTyr10 on meta-position. However, a marked decrease in proliferative activity followed removal of the Tyr10 phenolic or the Phe12 aromatic group. Loss of activity of a similar magnitude also occurred subsequent to replacing Gly11 with L- or D-Ala. Approximately 50% loss of mitogenic activity occurred subsequent to truncation of Gly14 or blocking the C-terminal group as the methyl ester. All other modifications of the C-terminus and L- or D-Ala substitution of Gly13 resulted in 70-97% decrease in activity. Collectively, these data suggest that the integrity of the pharmacophores presented by Tyr and Phe side chains, as well as the Gly residues at the C-terminus, are important for optimal bioactivity of OGP(10-14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chen
- Bone Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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