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Márton A, Veres KB, Erdődi F, Udvardy M, Illés Á, Rejtő L. The roles of phosphorylation of signaling proteins in the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611747. [PMID: 39035053 PMCID: PMC11257863 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Signaling pathways of Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, Akt-kinase, and Erk-kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) have an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Constitutive activation of these proteins by phosphorylation contributes to cell survival by regulation of cell cycle, proliferation and proapoptotic signaling processes. According to previous data phosphorylated forms of these proteins represent a worse outcome for cancer patients. We investigated the presence of phosphorylated Rb (P-Rb), Akt (P-Akt) and Erk (P-Erk) proteins by Western blot technique using phospho-specific antibodies in bone marrow or peripheral blood samples of 69 AML patients, 36 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 10 healthy volunteers. Expression level of PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) and PHLPP (PH domain and leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatase) phosphatases, the negative regulators of Akt kinase pathway were also examined. We tested the effect of these proteins on survival and on the correlation with known prognostic features in AML. We found 46.3% of AML patients had detectable P-Rb, 34.7% had P-Akt and 28.9% had P-Erk protein. 66.1% of patients expressing PTEN, 38.9% PHLPP, 37.2% both PTEN and PHLPP and 32.2% neither PTEN nor PHLPP phosphatases. Compared to nucleophosmin mutation (NPMc) negative samples P-Erk was significantly less in nucleophosmin mutated patients, P-Rb was significantly less in patients' group with more than 30 G/L peripheral leukocyte count by diagnosis. PHLPP was significantly present in FAB type M5. The expression of P-Rb represented significant better overall survival (OS), while P-Akt represented significantly worse event-free survival (EFS) in unfavorable cytogenetics patients. The presence of both PHLPP and PTEN phosphatases contributes to better OS and EFS, although the differences were not statistically significant. We confirmed significant positive correlation between P-Akt and PHLPP. Assessing the phosphorylation of Rb, Akt and Erk may define a subgroup of AML patients who would benefit especially from new targeted treatment options complemented the standard chemotherapy, and it may contribute to monitoring remission, relapse or progression of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Márton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Udvardy
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Árpád Illés
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Rejtő
- Department of Hematology, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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2
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Kowalewski A, Borowczak J, Maniewski M, Gostomczyk K, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. Targeting apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116805. [PMID: 38781868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent subtype of renal cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all renal cell cancers. Due to its exceptional inter- and intratumor heterogeneity, it is highly resistant to conventional systemic therapies. Targeting the evasion of cell death, one of cancer's hallmarks, is currently emerging as an alternative strategy for ccRCC. In this article, we review the current state of apoptosis-inducing therapies against ccRCC, including antisense oligonucleotides, BH3 mimetics, histone deacetylase inhibitors, cyclin-kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of apoptosis protein antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies. Although preclinical studies have shown encouraging results, these compounds fail to improve patients' outcomes significantly. Current evidence suggests that inducing apoptosis in ccRCC may promote tumor progression through apoptosis-induced proliferation, anastasis, and apoptosis-induced nuclear expulsion. Therefore, re-evaluating this approach is expected to enable successful preclinical-to-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Center of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland.
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
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3
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Tufail M, Wan WD, Jiang C, Li N. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111055. [PMID: 38763348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the challenge of drug resistance in cancer by focusing on the pivotal PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, elucidating its role in oncogenesis and resistance mechanisms across various cancer types. It meticulously examines the diverse mechanisms underlying resistance, including genetic mutations, feedback loops, and microenvironmental factors, while also discussing the associated resistance patterns. Evaluating current therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, the article highlights the hurdles encountered in drug development and clinical trials. Innovative approaches to overcome resistance, such as combination therapies and precision medicine, are critically analyzed, alongside discussions on emerging therapies like immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents. Overall, this comprehensive review not only sheds light on the complexities of resistance in cancer but also provides a roadmap for advancing cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canhua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China; Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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4
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Gao Z, Santos RB, Rupert J, Van Drunen R, Yu Y, Eckel-Mahan K, Kolonin MG. Endothelial-specific telomerase inactivation causes telomere-independent cell senescence and multi-organ dysfunction characteristic of aging. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14138. [PMID: 38475941 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
It has remained unclear how aging of endothelial cells (EC) contributes to pathophysiology of individual organs. Cell senescence results in part from inactivation of telomerase (TERT). Here, we analyzed mice with Tert knockout specifically in EC. Tert loss in EC induced transcriptional changes indicative of senescence and tissue hypoxia in EC and in other cells. We demonstrate that EC-Tert-KO mice have leaky blood vessels. The blood-brain barrier of EC-Tert-KO mice is compromised, and their cognitive function is impaired. EC-Tert-KO mice display reduced muscle endurance and decreased expression of enzymes responsible for oxidative metabolism. Our data indicate that Tert-KO EC have reduced mitochondrial content and function, which results in increased dependence on glycolysis. Consistent with this, EC-Tert-KO mice have metabolism changes indicative of increased glucose utilization. In EC-Tert-KO mice, expedited telomere attrition is observed for EC of adipose tissue (AT), while brain and skeletal muscle EC have normal telomere length but still display features of senescence. Our data indicate that the loss of Tert causes EC senescence in part through a telomere length-independent mechanism undermining mitochondrial function. We conclude that EC-Tert-KO mice is a model of expedited vascular senescence recapitulating the hallmarks aging, which can be useful for developing revitalization therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafael Bravo Santos
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Rupert
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Van Drunen
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Yang T, Pan Q, Yue R, Liu G, Zhou Y. Daphnetin alleviates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112004. [PMID: 38613881 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Silicosis is a hazardous occupational disease caused by inhalation of silica, characterized by persistent lung inflammation that leads to fibrosis and subsequent lung dysfunction. Moreover, the complex pathophysiology of silicosis, the challenges associated with early detection, and the unfavorable prognosis contribute to the limited availability of treatment options. Daphnetin (DAP), a natural lactone, has demonstrated various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and pulmonary protective effects. However, the effects of DAP on silicosis and its molecular mechanisms remain uncover. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of DAP against pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis using a silica-induced silicosis mouse model, and investigate the potential mechanisms and targets through network pharmacology, proteomics, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Here, we found that DAP significantly alleviated silica-induced lung injury in mice with silicosis. The results of H&E staining, Masson staining, and Sirius red staining indicated that DAP effectively reduced the inflammatory response and collagen deposition over a 28-day period following lung exposure to silica. Furthermore, DAP reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells, increased the expression levels of Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the mice with silicosis. More importantly, DAP suppressed the expression levels of NLRP3 signaling pathway-related proteins, including NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1, thereby inhibiting silica-induced lung inflammation. Further studies demonstrated that DAP possesses the ability to inhibit the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by silica through the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. The experimental results of proteomic analysis found that the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway was the key targets of DAP to alleviate lung injury induced by silica. DAP significantly inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway induced by silica in lung tissues. The conclusion was also verified by the results of molecular and CETSA. To further verify this conclusion, the activity of PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway was inhibited in A549 cells using LY294002. When the A549 cells were pretreated with LY294002, the protective effect of DAP on silica-induced injury was lost. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that DAP alleviates pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by silica by modulating the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway, and holds promise as a potentially effective treatment for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China.
| | - Qian Pan
- Department of Space Physics, Electronic Information School, Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
| | - Rujing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated People's Hospital (Fujian Provincial People's Hospital), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. LTD., Linyi 276005, China
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Iksen, Witayateeraporn W, Hardianti B, Pongrakhananon V. Comprehensive review of Bcl-2 family proteins in cancer apoptosis: Therapeutic strategies and promising updates of natural bioactive compounds and small molecules. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2249-2275. [PMID: 38415799 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has a considerably higher fatality rate than other diseases globally and is one of the most lethal and profoundly disruptive ailments. The increasing incidence of cancer among humans is one of the greatest challenges in the field of healthcare. A significant factor in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis is the dysregulation of physiological processes governing cell death, which results in the survival of cancerous cells. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members play important roles in several cancer-related processes. Drug research and development have identified various promising natural compounds that demonstrate potent anticancer effects by specifically targeting Bcl-2 family proteins and their associated signaling pathways. This comprehensive review highlights the substantial roles of Bcl-2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis, including the intricate signaling pathways governing the activity of these proteins, the impact of reactive oxygen species, and the crucial involvement of proteasome degradation and the stress response. Furthermore, this review discusses advances in the exploration and potential therapeutic applications of natural compounds and small molecules targeting Bcl-2 family proteins and thus provides substantial scientific information and therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Senior Medan, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wasita Witayateeraporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Besse Hardianti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Almarisah Madani University, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Estevez I, Buckley BD, Panzera N, Lindman M, Chou TW, McCourt M, Vaglio BJ, Atkins C, Firestein BL, Daniels BP. RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during CNS viral infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591333. [PMID: 38712188 PMCID: PMC11071512 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
While recent work has identified roles for immune mediators in the regulation of neural activity, the capacity for cell intrinsic innate immune signaling within neurons to influence neurotransmission remains poorly understood. However, the existing evidence linking immune signaling with neuronal function suggests that modulation of neurotransmission may serve previously undefined roles in host protection during infection of the central nervous system. Here, we identify a specialized function for RIPK3, a kinase traditionally associated with necroptotic cell death, in preserving neuronal survival during neurotropic flavivirus infection through the suppression of excitatory neurotransmission. We show that RIPK3 coordinates transcriptomic changes in neurons that suppress neuronal glutamate signaling, thereby desensitizing neurons to excitotoxic cell death. These effects occur independently of the traditional functions of RIPK3 in promoting necroptosis and inflammatory transcription. Instead, RIPK3 promotes phosphorylation of the key neuronal regulatory kinase CaMKII, which in turn activates the transcription factor CREB to drive a neuroprotective transcriptional program and suppress deleterious glutamatergic signaling. These findings identify an unexpected function for a canonical cell death protein in promoting neuronal survival during viral infection through the modulation of neuronal activity, highlighting new mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Estevez
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Buckley
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nicholas Panzera
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marissa Lindman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Micheal McCourt
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brandon J. Vaglio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian P. Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Lead Contact
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8
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Reda SM, Setti SE, Berthiaume AA, Wu W, Taylor RW, Johnston JL, Stein LR, Moebius HJ, Church KJ. Fosgonimeton attenuates amyloid-beta toxicity in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00350. [PMID: 38599894 PMCID: PMC11067346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Positive modulation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on its multimodal neurotrophic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects addressing the complex pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Fosgonimeton is a small-molecule positive modulator of the HGF system that has demonstrated neurotrophic and pro-cognitive effects in preclinical models of dementia. Herein, we evaluate the neuroprotective potential of fosgonimeton, or its active metabolite, fosgo-AM, in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-driven preclinical models of AD, providing mechanistic insight into its mode of action. In primary rat cortical neurons challenged with Aβ (Aβ1-42), fosgo-AM treatment significantly improved neuronal survival, protected neurite networks, and reduced tau hyperphosphorylation. Interrogation of intracellular events indicated that cortical neurons treated with fosgo-AM exhibited a significant decrease in mitochondrial oxidative stress and cytochrome c release. Following Aβ injury, fosgo-AM significantly enhanced activation of pro-survival effectors ERK and AKT, and reduced activity of GSK3β, one of the main kinases involved in tau hyperphosphorylation. Fosgo-AM also mitigated Aβ-induced deficits in Unc-like kinase 1 (ULK1) and Beclin-1, suggesting a potential effect on autophagy. Treatment with fosgo-AM protected cortical neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity, and such effects were abolished in the presence of an AKT or MEK/ERK inhibitor. In vivo, fosgonimeton administration led to functional improvement in an intracerebroventricular Aβ25-35 rat model of AD, as it significantly rescued cognitive function in the passive avoidance test. Together, our data demonstrate the ability of fosgonimeton to counteract mechanisms of Aβ-induced toxicity. Fosgonimeton is currently in clinical trials for mild-to-moderate AD (NCT04488419; NCT04886063).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Reda
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Sharay E Setti
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Jewel L Johnston
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Liana R Stein
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Hans J Moebius
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Kevin J Church
- Athira Pharma, Inc., 18706 North Creek Parkway, Suite 104, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA.
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Zhou H, Sun X, Dai Y, Wang X, Dai Z, Li X. 14-3-3-η interacts with BCL-2 to protect human endothelial progenitor cells from ox-LDL-triggered damage. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:290-299. [PMID: 38100125 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and we recently reported that 14-3-3-η can attenuate the damage triggered by ox-LDL in EPCs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 14-3-3-η protects EPCs from the damage caused by ox-LDL are not fully understood. In this study, we observed that the expression of 14-3-3-η and BCL-2 were downregulated in ox-LDL-treated EPCs. Overexpression of 14-3-3-η in ox-LDL-treated EPC significantly increased BCL-2 level, while knockdown of BCL-2 reduced 14-3-3-η expression and mitigated the protective effect of 14-3-3-η on EPCs. In addition, we discovered that 14-3-3-η colocalizes and interacts with BCL-2 in EPCs. Taken together, these data suggest that 14-3-3-η protects EPCs from ox-LDL-induced damage by its interaction with BCL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopei Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihong Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Kim R, Kin T, Beck WT. Impact of Complex Apoptotic Signaling Pathways on Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:984. [PMID: 38473345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs induce apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death in various cancer types. The signaling pathways for anticancer drug-induced apoptotic cell death have been shown to differ between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells. In atypical multidrug-resistant leukemia cells, the c-Jun/activator protein 1 (AP-1)/p53 signaling pathway leading to apoptotic death is altered. Cancer cells treated with anticancer drugs undergo c-Jun/AP-1-mediated apoptotic death and are involved in c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153)/CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein pathway induction, regardless of the p53 genotype. Gadd153 induction is associated with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization after anticancer drug treatment and involves a coupled endoplasmic reticulum stress response. The induction of apoptosis by anticancer drugs is mediated by the intrinsic pathway (cytochrome c, Cyt c) and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade via proapoptotic genes (e.g., Bax and Bcl-xS) and their interactions. Anticancer drug-induced apoptosis involves caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways and occurs via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The targeting of antiapoptotic genes such as Bcl-2 enhances anticancer drug efficacy. The modulation of apoptotic signaling by Bcl-xS transduction increases the sensitivity of multidrug resistance-related protein-overexpressing epidermoid carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs. The significance of autophagy in cancer therapy remains to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cancer cell death-related signaling pathways and their alterations during anticancer drug treatment and discuss potential strategies to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - William T Beck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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11
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Liu Z, Li C, Mu L, Hu H, Qin X. Menthol induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma in vitro and in vivo through Akt pathway. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2023; 17:1265-1275. [PMID: 38012058 PMCID: PMC10730467 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 40% of nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) have already progressed in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Development of effective prevention and therapy approaches against NSCLC is critical for reducing mortality. As a fundamental ingredient of peppermint oil, menthol has been demonstrated to possess an antitumor activity in several types of carcinomas. However, the potential role of menthol on NSCLC has not been reported. The present study aims to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of menthol on proliferation, apoptosis, and mobility of human lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Cell apoptosis was examined by MTT and flow cytometry. The motility of cells was determined by Transwell assay. Western blot analysis was performed to determine expression level of proteins. In vivo model of nude mice was established for evaluating the influence of menthol on tumorigenicity of A549 cells. The expression lentiviral vector of Akt was established in NSCLC cells for further verifying the inhibiting effect of menthol on survival and mobility of NSCLC cells via Akt pathway. RESULTS The results showed that menthol promoted A549 cell apoptosis, suppressed cell proliferation, and motility by altering the phosphorylated protein level of Akt. Menthol enhanced the expression level of Bax while decreasing expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and MMPs proteins. In vivo experiments suggested that menthol exhibited an inhibitory effect in tumor growth on xenografts. These results were further validated in Akt over-expressed A549 and H1299 cells. CONCLUSIONS Menthol could display an inhibitory effect on NSCLC cells through Akt signaling pathway, making it a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinnanChina
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ling Mu
- Department of Vascular SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Vascular SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiong Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of Medicine, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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12
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Zheng W, Han X, Han B, Li G, Gan J, Wang T, Xu B, He J, Du W, Cao X, Wang Z. LAR Downregulation Protects the Astrocytic U251 and Cocultured SH-SY5Y Cells in a Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11111. [PMID: 37446291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte common antigen-related protein tyrosine phosphatase (LAR) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family that serves as a key regulator of cellular survival. It is also involved in neurodevelopment and brain disorders. This study was designed to investigate the role of LAR in a cell-based model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in which U251 and SH-SY5Y cells were used as models of astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons, respectively. Cell viability, cell death, cell morphology, protein phosphorylation and expression, ATP levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed in the wild-type (WT) and heterozygous LAR-knockout astrocytoma U251 cells to assess the cell state, signal transduction, and mitochondrial function. LAR downregulation showed a protective effect in rotenone-exposed U251 cells by increasing cell viability, reducing cell mortality, and restoring appropriate cellular morphology. LAR downregulation enhanced IGF-1R phosphorylation and downstream signal transduction as evidenced by increases in the Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation, as well as the upregulation of NRF2 and HO-1. The downregulation of LAR also augmented DJ-1 levels in these cells. The enhanced Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation contributed to a reduced Bax/Bcl2 ratio and suppressed apoptosis after rotenone exposure. Heterozygous LAR-knockout U251 cells exhibited higher mitochondrial function evidenced by increased mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP contents, and reduced ROS production compared to the WT cells following rotenone exposure. Further studies showed that the astrocytic protection mediated by the heterozygous knockout of LAR was associated with the activation of Akt. A specific Akt inhibitor, MK2206, reduced the cell viability, Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation, and HO-1 and NRF2 expression in U251 cells exposed to rotenone. Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support to maintain neuronal health. Astrocytic glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) production is vital for dopaminergic neuron survival. Heterozygous LAR-knockout U251 cells produced higher amounts of GDNF than the WT cells. The SH-SY5Y cells cocultured with heterozygous LAR-knockout U251 cells exhibited greater viability than that of cells cocultured with WT U251 cells in response to rotenone. Together, these findings demonstrate that the heterozygous knockout of LAR in astrocytes can play a key role in protecting both astrocytic cells and cocultured neurons in a rotenone-induced cell-based model of PD. This neuroprotective effect is attributable to the augmentation of IGF1R-Akt-GDNF signaling and the maintenance of astrocytic mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Bing Han
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jing Gan
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jie He
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenxiao Du
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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13
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Tan YZ, Shi RJ, Ke BW, Tang YL, Liang XH. Paresthesia in dentistry: The ignored neurotoxicity of local anesthetics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18031. [PMID: 37539316 PMCID: PMC10395355 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics are frequently used by dentists to relieve localized discomfort of the patient and improve treatment conditions. The risk of paresthesia after local anesthesia is frequently encountered in dental clinics. The neurotoxicity of local anesthetics is a disregarded factor in paresthesia. The review summarizes the types of common local anesthetics, incidence and influencing factors of paresthesia after local anesthesia, and systematically describes the neurotoxicity mechanisms of dental local anesthetic. Innovative strategies may be developed to lessen the neurotoxicity and prevent paresthesia following local anesthesia with the support of a substantial understanding of paresthesia and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-zhen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong-jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-wen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ya-ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yuan S, Yu Q, Fu J, Chen L, Liu J, He Y. Effect of gastrodin against cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in APP/PS1 mice via regulating gut microbiota-gut-brain axis. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1661-1673. [PMID: 37199774 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodin (Gas) has exhibited protective activity in neurological disorders. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and potential mechanisms of Gas against cognitive impairment via regulating gut microbiota. APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice were treated intragastrically with Gas for 4 weeks, and then cognitive deficits, deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylation of tau were analyzed. The expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway-related proteins, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), were detected. Meanwhile, gut microbiota composition was evaluated. Our results showed that Gas treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits and Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, Gas treatment increased the level of Bcl-2 and decreased level of Bax and ultimately inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Gas treatment markedly increased the expression levels of IGF-1 and CREB in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, Gas treatment improved abnormal composition and structure of gut microbiota in APP/PS1 mice. These findings revealed that Gas actively participated in regulating the IGF-1 pathway to inhibit neuronal apoptosis via the gut-brain axis and that it can be considered a new therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shushu Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjiong Fu
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuping He
- Department of Neurology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing, 311899, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Buț MG, Jîtcă G, Imre S, Vari CE, Ősz BE, Jîtcă CM, Tero-Vescan A. The Lack of Standardization and Pharmacological Effect Limits the Potential Clinical Usefulness of Phytosterols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37111945 PMCID: PMC10142909 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) markedly increases with age. Phytotherapeutic approaches have been developed over time owing to the adverse side effects of conventional medications such as 5-reductase inhibitors and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Therefore, dietary supplements (DS) containing active compounds that benefit BPH are widely available. Phytosterols (PSs) are well recognized for their role in maintaining blood cholesterol levels; however, their potential in BPH treatment remains unexplored. This review aims to provide a general overview of the available data regarding the clinical evidence and a good understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of PSs-induced activities at a molecular level in BPH. Furthermore, we will explore the authenticity of PSs content in DS used by patients with BPH compared to the current legislation and appropriate analytical methods for tracking DS containing PSs. The results showed that PSs might be a useful pharmacological treatment option for men with mild to moderate BPH, but the lack of standardized extracts linked with the regulation of DS containing PSs and experimental evidence to elucidate the mechanisms of action limit the use of PSs in BPH. Moreover, the results suggest multiple research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina-Georgiana Buț
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Silvia Imre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camil Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (C.E.V.); (B.E.Ő.)
| | - Carmen-Maria Jîtcă
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania; (M.-G.B.); (C.-M.J.)
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
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16
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Kiełbowski K, Ptaszyński K, Wójcik J, Wojtyś ME. The role of selected non-coding RNAs in the biology of non-small cell lung cancer. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:121-137. [PMID: 36933328 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represents 85% of all cases. Accumulating evidence highlights the outstanding role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in regulating the tumorigenesis process by modulating crucial signaling pathways. Micro RNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) are either up- or downregulated in lung cancer patients and can promote or suppress the progression of the disease. These molecules interact with messenger RNA (mRNA) and with each other to regulate gene expression and stimulate proto-oncogenes or silence tumor suppressors. NcRNAs provide a new strategy to diagnose or treat lung cancer patients and multiple molecules have already been identified as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the roles of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in NSCLC biology and present their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Konrad Ptaszyński
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Wójcik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Edyta Wojtyś
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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17
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Mishra S, das K, Chatterjee S, Sahoo P, Kundu S, Pal M, Bhaumik A, Ghosh CK. Facile and Green Synthesis of Novel Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Silver Heterostructure: An In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Imaging on Colorectal Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4566-4577. [PMID: 36777585 PMCID: PMC9909815 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CQDs) have been widely investigated as prime candidates for developing a tumor theranostic platform due to their tunable fluorescence emission and excitation, high water solubility, good photostability, and biocompatibility. Among the CQDs, natural CQDs are an emerging class of nanomaterials in the carbon family. Herein, highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from orange juice using a one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by different techniques. After that, CQD/Ag heterostructures were synthesized by the reduction of silver salt, in particular silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in different ratios. The photostability and characterization of CQD/Ag heterostructures were investigated. At last, a comparative cellular toxicity measurement was done to select the superior CQD/Ag heterostructure in the human colorectal carcinoma (HCT 116) cell line along with the imaging property. The detailed cell death signaling was also observed in the HCT 116 cell line via the ROS-dependent mitochondrial-mediated pathway, where Akt (RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase) played a important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Mishra
- School
of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Kaustav das
- School
of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Sujan Chatterjee
- Molecular
Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of
Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata700006, India
| | - Panchanan Sahoo
- School
of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Sudip Kundu
- School
of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Mrinal Pal
- CSIR-Central
Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Ghosh
- School
of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700032, India
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18
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Kumar H, Chakrabarti A, Sarma P, Modi M, Banerjee D, Radotra BD, Bhatia A, Medhi B. Novel therapeutic mechanism of action of metformin and its nanoformulation in Alzheimer's disease and role of AKT/ERK/GSK pathway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106348. [PMID: 36496166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain Insulin-resistance plays a critical role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current study explored the therapeutic mechanism of metformin (insulin sensitizer) and its solid-lipid nanoformulation (SLN) in rat-model of AD. In our study, SLN was prepared using microemulsion method. AD was induced with ICV-Aβ whereas the control-group (sham) received ICV-NS. Treatment arms included, disease-control (no treatment), Metformin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg), SLN-metformin 50 mg/kg and memantine 1.8 mg/kg (positive-control). Animals were tested for cognitive performance (EPM, MWM) after 21 days of therapy and sacrificed. Aβ (1-42), hyperphosphorylated tau, pAKTser473, GSK-3β, p-ERK (ELISA), metformin level(HPLC), neuronal injury score(H&E), Bcl2 and Bax(IHC) was evaluated in isolated brain. In our study, metformin-SLN were of spherical shape (size<200 nm) with 94.08% entrapment efficiency. Metformin was detectable in brain. Compared to sham, the disease-control group showed significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) memory impairment(MWM and EPM), hyperphosphorylated tau, Aβ(1-42), neuronal-injury, Bax and lower Bcl-2 expression. Treatment with metformin and nanoformulation significantly reverse these parameters. AKT-ERK-GSK3β-Hyperphosphorylated tau pathway was found to be involved in the protective efficacy of metformin. To conclude, both metformin and its SLN were found to be effective as therapeutic agents in AD which act through the AKT-ERK-GSK3β-Hyperphosphorylated tau pathway. We need population based studies to confirm the same.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - B D Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh.
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19
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MicroRNAs Contribute to Host Response to Coxiella burnetii. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0019922. [PMID: 36537791 PMCID: PMC9872603 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00199-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, are critical to gene regulation in eukaryotes. They are involved in modulating a variety of physiological processes, including the host response to intracellular infections. Little is known about miRNA functions during infection by Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of human Q fever. This bacterial pathogen establishes a large replicative vacuole within macrophages by manipulating host processes such as apoptosis and autophagy. We investigated miRNA expression in C. burnetii-infected macrophages and identified several miRNAs that were down- or upregulated during infection. We further explored the functions of miR-143-3p, an miRNA whose expression is downregulated in macrophages infected with C. burnetii, and show that increasing the abundance of this miRNA in human cells results in increased apoptosis and reduced autophagy-conditions that are unfavorable to C. burnetii intracellular growth. In sum, this study demonstrates that C. burnetii infection elicits a robust miRNA-based host response, and because miR-143-3p promotes apoptosis and inhibits autophagy, downregulation of miR-143-3p expression during C. burnetii infection likely benefits the pathogen.
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20
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Izuegbuna OO. Polyphenols: Chemoprevention and therapeutic potentials in hematological malignancies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1008893. [PMID: 36386899 PMCID: PMC9643866 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1008893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are one of the largest plant-derived natural product and they play an important role in plants' defense as well as in human health and disease. A number of them are pleiotropic molecules and have been shown to regulate signaling pathways, immune response and cell growth and proliferation which all play a role in cancer development. Hematological malignancies on the other hand, are cancers of the blood. While current therapies are efficacious, they are usually expensive and with unwanted side effects. Thus, the search for newer less toxic agents. Polyphenols have been reported to possess antineoplastic properties which include cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis via multiple mechanisms. They also have immunomodulatory activities where they enhance T cell activation and suppress regulatory T cells. They carry out these actions through such pathways as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and the kynurenine. They can also reverse cancer resistance to chemotherapy agents. In this review, i look at some of the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and their potential roles as therapeutic agents in hematological malignancies. Here i discuss their anti-proliferative and anti-neoplastic activities especially their abilities modulate signaling pathways as well as immune response in hematological malignancies. I also looked at clinical studies done mainly in the last 10-15 years on various polyphenol combination and how they enhance synergism. I recommend that further preclinical and clinical studies be carried out to ensure safety and efficacy before polyphenol therapies be officially moved to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu O. Izuegbuna
- Department of Haematology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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21
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Reich N, Hölscher C. The neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: An in-depth review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:970925. [PMID: 36117625 PMCID: PMC9475012 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.970925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting antibody aducanumab for the treatment of AD. Hence, there is still an unmet need for a neuroprotective drug treatment in both AD and PD. Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for both AD and PD. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone and growth factor that has shown neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies, and the success of GLP-1 mimetics in phase II clinical trials in AD and PD has raised new hope. GLP-1 mimetics are currently on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 analogs are safe, well tolerated, resistant to desensitization and well characterized in the clinic. Herein, we review the existing evidence and illustrate the neuroprotective pathways that are induced following GLP-1R activation in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The latter include synaptic protection, improvements in cognition, learning and motor function, amyloid pathology-ameliorating properties (Aβ, Tau, and α-synuclein), the suppression of Ca2+ deregulation and ER stress, potent anti-inflammatory effects, the blockage of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis pathways, enhancements in the neuronal insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, functional improvements in autophagy and mitophagy, elevated BDNF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) synthesis as well as neurogenesis. The many beneficial features of GLP-1R and GLP-1/GIPR dual agonists encourage the development of novel drug treatments for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Niklas Reich,
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Neurology Department, Second Associated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Liang Y, Shen J, Lan Q, Zhang K, Xu Y, Duah M, Xu K, Pan B. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 increases effector T cells and aggravates murine chronic graft-versus-host disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109051. [PMID: 35850051 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
T-cells mediated immunopathology is crucial for pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), a common complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates long-term survival and functional exhaustion of T-cell which might play a role in regulating cGVHD. We examined PD-1 expression on T cells of cGVHD mice and tested the impact of a PD-1 antibody on severity of cGVHD in murine allotransplant models. We also used a murine graft-versus-tumor (GVT) model to explore how tumor cell-derived PD-L1 affect the GVT effect and occurrence of cGVHD. PD-1 fluorescence intensity on CD4+ T-cells increased in mice developing cGVHD. PD-1High T cells expressed higher levels of IFNγ and IL-17, comparing with PD-1Low T cells. Giving the PD-1 antibody increased proportions of Th1, Th17 and Tc1 cells, but decreased proportion of Treg cells in allotransplant mice. The PD-1 antibody decreased survival of recipients and induced severe lung cGVHD. In the GVT model, knockdown of PD-L1 in A20 tumor cells enhanced GVT effect but increased cGVHD. In vitro study showed knockdown of PD-L1 in tumor cells increased cytotoxicity of T cells and reduced apoptosis of T cells. Knockdown of PD-L1 in tumor cells increased protein levels of phosphorylated AKT, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, but decreased protein levels of Bak and Bax in co-cultured allogeneic T cells. In conclusion, expression of PD-1 on T cells increased in mice undergoing cGVHD. Intervention of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway showed a significant impact on occurrence of cGVHD and GVT effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiu Lan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Maxwell Duah
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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23
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Chopra H, Bibi S, Goyal R, Gautam RK, Trivedi R, Upadhyay TK, Mujahid MH, Shah MA, Haris M, Khot KB, Gopan G, Singh I, Kim JK, Jose J, Abdel-Daim MM, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Kim B. Chemopreventive Potential of Dietary Nanonutraceuticals for Prostate Cancer: An Extensive Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925379. [PMID: 35903701 PMCID: PMC9315356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than two hundred fifty different types of cancers, that are diagnosed around the world. Prostate cancer is one of the suspicious type of cancer spreading very fast around the world, it is reported that in 2018, 29430 patients died of prostate cancer in the United State of America (USA), and hence it is expected that one out of nine men diagnosed with this severe disease during their lives. Medical science has identified cancer at several stages and indicated genes mutations involved in the cancer cell progressions. Genetic implications have been studied extensively in cancer cell growth. So most efficacious drug for prostate cancer is highly required just like other severe diseases for men. So nutraceutical companies are playing major role to manage cancer disease by the recommendation of best natural products around the world, most of these natural products are isolated from plant and mushrooms because they contain several chemoprotective agents, which could reduce the chances of development of cancer and protect the cells for further progression. Some nutraceutical supplements might activate the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic effects by the mechanism of cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation procedures and changes in the redox states, but in other, it also elevate the levels of effectiveness of chemotherapeutic mechanism and in results, cancer cell becomes less reactive to chemotherapy. In this review, we have highlighted the prostate cancer and importance of nutraceuticals for the control and management of prostate cancer, and the significance of nutraceuticals to cancer patients during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Maharishi Markandeshwar (MM) School of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala, India
- Maharishi Markandeshwar (MM) College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Rupesh K. Gautam
- Maharishi Markandeshwar (MM) School of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur-Ambala, India
| | - Rashmi Trivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Mohd Hasan Mujahid
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | | | - Muhammad Haris
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kartik Bhairu Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Gopika Gopan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Jin Kyu Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Biological Effects and Mechanisms of Caspases in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3345637. [PMID: 35847583 PMCID: PMC9277153 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3345637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteases responsible for mediating and initiating cell death signals. In the past, the dysregulated activation of caspases was reported to play diverse but equally essential roles in neurodegenerative diseases, such as brain injury and neuroinflammatory diseases. A subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a traumatic event that is either immediately lethal or induces a high risk of stroke and neurological deficits. Currently, the prognosis of SAH after treatment is not ideal. Early brain injury (EBI) is considered one of the main factors contributing to the poor prognosis of SAH. The mechanisms of EBI are complex and associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and cell death. Based on mounting evidence, caspases are involved in neuronal apoptosis or death, endothelial cell apoptosis, and increased inflammatory cytokine-induced by apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in the initial stages after SAH. Caspases can simultaneously mediate multiple death modes and regulate each other. Caspase inhibitors (including XIAP, VX-765, and Z-VAD-FMK) play an essential role in ameliorating EBI after SAH. In this review, we explore the related pathways mediated by caspases and their reciprocal regulation patterns after SAH. Furthermore, we focus on the extensive crosstalk of caspases as a potential area of research on therapeutic strategies for treating EBI after SAH.
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Pharmacological Properties of 4′, 5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone (Apigenin) and Its Impact on Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134304. [PMID: 35807549 PMCID: PMC9267958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive compounds, particularly apigenin, have therapeutic potential and functional activities that aid in the prevention of infectious diseases in many mammalian bodies and promote tumor growth inhibition. Apigenin is a flavonoid with low toxicities and numerous bioactive properties due to which it has been considered as a traditional medicine for decades. Apigenin shows synergistic effects in combined treatment with sorafenib in the HepG2 human cell line (HCC) in less time and statistically reduces the viability of tumor cells, migration, gene expression and apoptosis. The combination of anti-cancerous drugs with apigenin has shown health promoting potential against various cancers. It can prevent cell mobility, maintain the cell cycle and stimulate the immune system. Apigenin also suppresses mTOR activity and raises the UVB-induced phagocytosis and reduces the cancerous cell proliferation and growth. It also has a high safety threshold, and active (anti-cancer) doses can be gained by consuming a vegetable and apigenin rich diet. Apigenin also boosted autophagosome formation, decreased cell proliferation and activated autophagy by preventing the activity of the PI3K pathway, specifically in HepG2 cells. This paper provides an updated overview of apigenin’s beneficial anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer effects, making it a step in the right direction for therapeutics. This study also critically analyzed the effect of apigenin on cancer cell signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT/MTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB and ERK/MAPK pathways.
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Guo W, Yao X, Lan S, Zhang C, Li H, Chen Z, Yu L, Liu G, Lin Y, Liu S, Chen H. Metabolomics and integrated network pharmacology analysis reveal SNKAF decoction suppresses cell proliferation and induced cell apoptisis in hepatocellular carcinoma via PI3K/Akt/P53/FoxO signaling axis. Chin Med 2022; 17:76. [PMID: 35725485 PMCID: PMC9208213 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no comprehensive treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); hence, research and development are still focused on systemic therapies, including drugs. Sinikangai fang (SNKAF) decoction, a classic Chinese herbal prescription, has been widely used to treat liver cancer. However, there is no research on its core active component and target. METHODS Mouse models were established to measure the anticancer effect of SNKAF decoction on HCC. Further, we investigated the effect of SNKAF decoction on inhibition of hepatoma cells proliferation using cell viability, cloning and invasion assays in vitro. The components of SNKAF were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and TCM@Taiwan database. Metabolomic analysis was used to identify the potential genes and pathways in HCC treated with SNKAF decoction. Then, the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, P53, FoxO proteins of the potential signal pathways were detected using Western blot. RESULTS The animal experiments showed that SNKAF decoction inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.05) and induced no weight loss in the mice. In vitro data showed that HCCLM3 and MHCC97H cell proliferation was inhibited by SNKAF serum in a time- and concentration dependent manner. Further combined analysis network pharmacology with metabonomics showed that 217 target genes overlapped. The core target genes included BCL2, MCL1, Myc, PTEN, gsk3b, CASP9, CREB1, MDM2, pt53 and CCND1. Cancer-associated pathways were largely involved in SNKAF mechanisms, including P53, FoxO, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which are closely related to induced-tumor cell apoptosis. In addition, Western bolt verified that 10% SNKAF serum significantly affected the main proteins of PI3K/Akt/P53/FoxO signaling pathway in both cell lines. CONCLUSION SNKAF decoction-containing serum inhibited HCCLM3 and MHCC97H cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced-tumor cell apoptosis in-vivo. We confirmed that SNKAF decoction is a promising alternative treatments for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Lan
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanhan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanrui Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Wang B, Wang L, Qu Y, Lu J, Xia W. Chitosan oligosaccharides exert neuroprotective effects via modulating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway in a Parkinsonian model. Food Funct 2022; 13:5838-5853. [PMID: 35545086 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is a threat to patients due to the inability to prevent or decelerate disease progression. Currently, most clinical drugs for the treatment of PD are synthetic drugs that always present undesirable adverse or toxic effects. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a natural oligosaccharide that has been considered relatively safe and studied in the therapeutic effects on different types of neuronal disorders. In this study, we separated four COS monomers (COSs) including chitobiose (COS2), chitotriose (COS3), chitotetraose (COS4) and chitopentaose (COS5) to explore their structure-activity relationship in PD mice induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Techniques including TLC, HPLC, MS, and NMR were applied to investigate the purity and structure of the COSs. After the oral administration of COSs, behavior indexes, pathological indexes, cytokines, and expression of proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway of the mice were analyzed. The results showed that the four COSs were fully deacetylated and the purity was >90%. Additionally, the neurobehavioral deficits of the PD mice were improved by treatment with COSs. The results further proved that COSs could protect the TH-labelled dopaminergic neurons via reducing the overexpression of α-synuclein, alleviating neuroinflammation, and activating the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 pathway to reduce apoptosis. COS3 exhibited a better effect on protecting dopaminergic neurons; however, COS2 provided a better effect on reducing the overexpression of α-synuclein. To conclude, the neuroprotective activity makes COSs a viable candidate as an ingredient for healthcare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yufei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Jingyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Papini N, Giallanza C, Brioschi L, Ranieri FR, Giussani P, Mauri L, Ciampa MG, Viani P, Tringali C. Galactocerebrosidase deficiency induces an increase in lactosylceramide content: A new hallmark of Krabbe disease? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 145:106184. [PMID: 35217188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Galactocerebrosidase (GALC) hydrolyses galactose residues from various substrates, including galactosylceramide, psychosine (galactosylsphingosine), and lactosylceramide. Its severe deficiency has been associated with the accumulation of psychosine, a toxic molecule with detergent-like features, which alters membrane structures and signalling pathways, inducing the death of oligodendrocytes and a sequence of events in the nervous system that explain the appearance of many clinical signs typical of Krabbe disease. Nevertheless, new evidence suggests the existence of other possible links among GALC action, myelination, and myelin stability, apart from psychosine release. In this study, we demonstrated that lactosylceramide metabolism is impaired in fibroblasts isolated from patients with Krabbe disease in the absence of psychosine accumulation. This event is responsible for the aberrant and constitutive activation of the AKT/prolin-rich AKT substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) signalling axis, inducing B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) overexpression and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) inhibition. In addition, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) showed increased nuclear translocation. Due to the relevance of these molecular alterations in neurodegeneration, lactosylceramide increase should be evaluated as a novel marker of Krabbe disease, and because of its significant connections with signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Papini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Chiara Giallanza
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Loredana Brioschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ranieri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ciampa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Cristina Tringali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA Segrate, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, MI, Italy.
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Priyanka HP, Thiyagaraj A, Krithika G, Nair RS, Hopper W, ThyagaRajan S. 17β-Estradiol Concentration and Direct β 2-Adrenoceptor Inhibition Determine Estrogen-Mediated Reversal of Adrenergic Immunosuppression. Ann Neurosci 2022; 29:32-52. [PMID: 35875427 PMCID: PMC9305908 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211070541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs, and the presence of 17β-estradiol (estrogen or E2) and adrenergic receptors (ARs) on lymphocytes, suggests that sympathetic stimulation and hormonal activation may influence immune functions. Purpose: Modeling and simulating these pathways may help to understand the dynamics of neuroendocrine-immune modulation at the cellular and molecular levels. Methods: Dose- and receptor-dependent effects of E2 and AR subtype-specific agonists were established in vitro on lymphocytes from young male Sprague-Dawley rats and were modeled in silico using the MATLAB Simbiology toolbox. Kinetic principles were assigned to define receptor–ligand dynamics, and concentration/time plots were obtained using Ode15s solvers at different time intervals for key regulatory molecules. Comparisons were drawn between in silico and in vitro data for validating the constructed model with sensitivity analysis of key regulatory molecules to assess their individual impacts on the dynamics of the system. Finally, docking studies were conducted with key ligands E2 and norepinephrine (NE) to understand the mechanistic principles underlying their interactions. Results: Adrenergic activation triggered proapoptotic signals, while E2 enhanced survival signals, showing opposing effects as observed in vitro. Treatment of lymphocytes with E2 shows a 10-fold increase in survival signals in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activation is crucial for the activation of survival signals through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein. Docking studies showed the direct inhibition of ERK by NE and β2-AR by E2 explaining how estrogen signaling overrides NE-mediated immunosuppression in vitro. Conclusion: The cross-talk between E2 and adrenergic signaling pathways determines lymphocyte functions in a receptor subtype and coactivation-dependent manner in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P. Priyanka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Inspire Lab, Institute of Advanced Research in Health Sciences, Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Thiyagaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Krithika
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras Guindy, Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. S. Nair
- Inspire Lab, Institute of Advanced Research in Health Sciences, Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - W. Hopper
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. ThyagaRajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Macks C, Jeong D, Lee JS. Therapeutic efficacy of rolipram delivered by PgP nanocarrier on secondary injury and motor function in a rat TBI model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:431-445. [PMID: 35184609 PMCID: PMC8905552 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-graft-polyethylenimine (PgP) as a nanocarrier for the delivery of rolipram (Rm) and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Rm-loaded PgP (Rm-PgP) on secondary injury and motor function in a rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Materials & methods: Rm-PgP was injected in the injured brain lesion immediately after TBI using a microinjection pump. Secondary injury pathologies such as inflammatory response, apoptosis and astrogliosis were assessed by histological analysis and functional recovery was assessed by assorted motor function tests. Results: Rm-PgP restored cyclic adenosine monophosphate level in the injured brain close to the sham level and Rm-PgP treatment reduced lesion volume, neuroinflammation and apoptosis and improved motor function at 7 days post-TBI. Conclusion: One single injection of Rm-PgP can be effective for acute mild TBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Macks
- Department of Bioengineering, Drug Design, Development, & Delivery (4D) Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Daun Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering, Drug Design, Development, & Delivery (4D) Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jeoung Soo Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Drug Design, Development, & Delivery (4D) Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA,Author for correspondence:
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Rindiarti A, Okamoto Y, Nakagawa S, Hirose J, Kodama Y, Nishikawa T, Kawano Y. Changes in intracellular activation-related gene expression and induction of Akt contribute to acquired resistance toward nelarabine in CCRF-CEM cell line. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:404-415. [PMID: 35080473 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1992617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in treatment with nelarabine, and its resolution requires elucidation of the underlying mechanisms. We established two nelarabine-resistant subclones of the human T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line CCRF-CEM. The resistant subclones showed changes in the expression of several genes related to nelarabine intracellular activation and inhibition of apoptosis. Activation of the Akt protein upon nelarabine treatment was observed in both subclones. The combination treatment with nelarabine and PI3K/Akt inhibitors was shown to inhibit cell growth. Cross-resistance was observed with ara-C and not with vincristine, daunorubicin, or etoposide treatment. Thus, changes in the expression of cellular activation-related genes, inhibition of apoptosis, and induction of Akt may be involved in the development of nelarabine resistance in the CCRF-CEM cell model. The use of different classes of chemotherapeutic agents and combination therapy with PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors may be used to overcome resistance to nelarabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almitra Rindiarti
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Junko Hirose
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kodama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Takuro Nishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima City, Japan
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Cushing syndrome and glucocorticoids: T-cell lymphopenia, apoptosis, and rescue by IL-21. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:302-314. [PMID: 34089750 PMCID: PMC8636539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric endogenous Cushing syndrome (eCs) is mainly caused by pituitary corticotropin-producing adenomas, and most glucocorticoid-dependent effects progressively regress upon tumor removal. eCs reproduces long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy, representing a clean, natural, and unbiased model in which to study glucocorticoid bona fide effects on immunity. OBJECTIVE We performed extensive immunologic studies in otherwise healthy pediatric patients with eCs before and 6 to 13 months after tumor resection, as well as in in vitro glucocorticoid-treated control cells. METHODS Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time quantitative PCR, and RNA-Seq techniques were used to characterize patients' and in vitro glucocorticoid treated cells. RESULTS Reduced thymic output, decreased naive T cells, diminished proliferation, and increased T-cell apoptosis were detected before surgery; all these defects eventually normalized after tumor removal in patients. In vitro studies also showed increased T-cell apoptosis, with correspondingly diminished NF-κB signaling and IL-21 levels. In this setting, IL-21 addition upregulated antiapoptotic BCL2 expression and rescued T-cell apoptosis in a PI3K pathway-dependent manner. Similar and reproducible findings were confirmed in eCs patient cells as well. CONCLUSIONS We identified decreased thymic output and lymphocyte proliferation, together with increased apoptosis, as the underlying causes to T-cell lymphopenia in eCs patients. IL-21 was decreased in both natural and in vitro long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid environments, and in vitro addition of IL-21 counteracted the proapoptotic effects of glucocorticoid therapy. Thus, our results suggest that administration of IL-21 in patients receiving long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy may contribute to ameliorate lymphopenia and the complications associated to it.
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Zhao X, Ren L, Wang X, Han G, Wang S, Yao Q, Qi Y. Benzoyl‑xanthone derivative induces apoptosis in MCF‑7 cells by binding TRAF6. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:181. [PMID: 35069862 PMCID: PMC8764895 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) has been reported to be associated with the development of cancer. Nevertheless, the exact role of TRAF6 in cancer remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to explore the mechanism of 2-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one leading to the inhibition of the activation of AKT and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), and to the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Using a computational docking program and examination of AKT and TAK1 level changes, a new small molecule was identified, 2-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one, which competitively bound to TRAF6. Next, the effect of this new compound on MCF-7 cells' biological behavior was studied in vitro. MTT assays were used to investigate cell viability; flow cytometry and invasion assays were performed to detect early apoptosis and invasion in MCF-7 cells, respectively. Immunoprecipitation, western blotting and caspase-3/9 activity assays were carried out to explore changes in protein expression. Briefly, the present data indicated that 2-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one could suppress proliferation, induce early apoptosis and inhibit invasion in MCF-7 cells by suppressing the expression of Bcl-2 and promoting the expression of Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3. These findings indicated that 2-benzoyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one could induce apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of AKT and TAK1, and affecting the Bcl-2/Bax-caspase-9-caspase-3 pathway by competitively binding with TRAF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Limei Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoru Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Kidney of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
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Bock FJ, Sedov E, Koren E, Koessinger AL, Cloix C, Zerbst D, Athineos D, Anand J, Campbell KJ, Blyth K, Fuchs Y, Tait SWG. Apoptotic stress-induced FGF signalling promotes non-cell autonomous resistance to cell death. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6572. [PMID: 34772930 PMCID: PMC8590049 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged or superfluous cells are typically eliminated by apoptosis. Although apoptosis is a cell-autonomous process, apoptotic cells communicate with their environment in different ways. Here we describe a mechanism whereby cells under apoptotic stress can promote survival of neighbouring cells. We find that upon apoptotic stress, cells release the growth factor FGF2, leading to MEK-ERK-dependent transcriptional upregulation of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins in a non-cell autonomous manner. This transient upregulation of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins protects neighbouring cells from apoptosis. Accordingly, we find in certain cancer types a correlation between FGF-signalling, BCL-2 expression and worse prognosis. In vivo, upregulation of MCL-1 occurs in an FGF-dependent manner during skin repair, which regulates healing dynamics. Importantly, either co-treatment with FGF-receptor inhibitors or removal of apoptotic stress restores apoptotic sensitivity to cytotoxic therapy and delays wound healing. These data reveal a pathway by which cells under apoptotic stress can increase resistance to cell death in surrounding cells. Beyond mediating cytotoxic drug resistance, this process also provides a potential link between tissue damage and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Bock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Anna L Koessinger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Désirée Zerbst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jayanthi Anand
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Senolytics: A Novel Strategy for Neuroprotection in ALS? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112078. [PMID: 34769512 PMCID: PMC8584291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neurodegenerative disease that currently has no cure and has few effective treatments. On a cellular level, ALS manifests through significant changes in the proper function of astrocytes, microglia, motor neurons, and other central nervous system (CNS) cells, leading to excess neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Damage to the upper and lower motor neurons results in neural and muscular dysfunction, leading to death most often due to respiratory paralysis. A new therapeutic strategy is targeting glial cells affected by senescence, which contribute to motor neuron degeneration. Whilst this new therapeutic approach holds much promise, it is yet to be trialled in ALS-relevant preclinical models and needs to be designed carefully to ensure selectivity. This review summarizes the pathways involved in ALS-related senescence, as well as known senolytic agents and their mechanisms of action, all of which may inform strategies for ALS-focused drug discovery efforts.
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Khalafi S, Zhu S, Khurana R, Lohse I, Giordano S, Corso S, Al-Ali H, Brothers SP, Wahlestedt C, Schürer S, El-Rifai W. A novel strategy for combination of clofarabine and pictilisib is synergistic in gastric cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101260. [PMID: 34735897 PMCID: PMC8571525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug sensitivity testing identified novel drugs like clofarabine effective in treating gastric cancer. mRNA sequencing can be used to identify agents with synergistic activity to a reference compound. Pictilisib sensitizes gastric cancer to clofarabine treatment through AKT inhibition. The combination of clofarabine and pictilisib inhibits tumor growth in cell lines and PDX models.
Gastric cancer (GC) is frequently characterized by resistance to standard chemotherapeutic regimens and poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify a novel therapeutic approach using drug sensitivity testing (DST) and our computational SynerySeq pipeline. DST of GC cell lines was performed with a library of 215 Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved compounds and identified clofarabine as a potential therapeutic agent. RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) of clofarabine treated GC cells was analyzed according to our SynergySeq pipeline and identified pictilisib as a potential synergistic agent. Clonogenic survival and Annexin V assays demonstrated increased cell death with clofarabine and pictilisib combination treatment (P<0.01). The combination induced double strand breaks (DSB) as indicated by phosphorylated H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) immunofluorescence and western blot analysis (P<0.01). Pictilisib treatment inhibited the protein kinase B (AKT) cell survival pathway and promoted a pro-apoptotic phenotype as evidenced by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein family members (P<0.01). Patient derived xenograft (PDX) data confirmed that the combination is more effective in abrogating tumor growth with prolonged survival than single-agent treatment (P<0.01). The novel combination of clofarabine and pictilisib in GC promotes DNA damage and inhibits key cell survival pathways to induce cell death beyond single-agent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Khalafi
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Rosenstiel Medical Science Bldg, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Room 4007, Miami, FL 33136-1015, United States
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Rosenstiel Medical Science Bldg, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Room 4007, Miami, FL 33136-1015, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Rimpi Khurana
- Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Ines Lohse
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Molecular Therapeutics Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Simona Corso
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo 10060, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Peggy and Harold Katz Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Rosenstiel Medical Science Bldg, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Room 4007, Miami, FL 33136-1015, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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37
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Wang L, Li S, Jiang Y, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Zhang J, Zhao L. Neuroprotective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 on MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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38
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Trapika IGMGSC, Liu XT, Chung LH, Lai F, Xie C, Zhao Y, Cui S, Chen J, Tran C, Wang Q, Zhang S, Don AS, Li GQ, Hanrahan JR, Qi Y. Ceramide Regulates Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of Erianin in Androgen-Sensitive and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738078. [PMID: 34604081 PMCID: PMC8484793 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy worldwide. In the early stages, the development of prostate cancer is dependent on androgens. Over time with androgen deprivation therapy, 20% of prostate cancers progress to a castration-resistant form. Novel treatments for prostate cancers are still urgently needed. Erianin is a plant-derived bibenzyl compound. We report herein that erianin exhibits anti-tumor effects in androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells through different mechanisms. Erianin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. It also triggers pro-survival autophagic responses, as inhibition of autophagy predisposes to apoptosis. In contrast, erianin fails to induce apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Instead, it results in cell cycle arrest at the M phase. Mechanistically, C16 ceramide dictates differential responses of androgen-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to erianin. Erianin elevates C16 ceramide level in androgen-sensitive but not castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of ceramide synthase 5 that specifically produces C16 ceramide enables erianin to induce apoptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Our study provides both experimental evidence and mechanistic data showing that erianin is a potential treatment option for prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Md Gde Surya C. Trapika
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Tracy Liu
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Felcia Lai
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Chanlu Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Chinese Medicine Anti-Cancer Evaluation Program, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohui Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biorescources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Collin Tran
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- Translational Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biorescources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Anthony S. Don
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - George Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane R. Hanrahan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Jane R. Hanrahan,
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Yanfei Qi, ; Jane R. Hanrahan,
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Hua H, Zhang H, Chen J, Wang J, Liu J, Jiang Y. Targeting Akt in cancer for precision therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:128. [PMID: 34419139 PMCID: PMC8379749 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers-guided precision therapeutics has revolutionized the clinical development and administration of molecular-targeted anticancer agents. Tailored precision cancer therapy exhibits better response rate compared to unselective treatment. Protein kinases have critical roles in cell signaling, metabolism, proliferation, survival and migration. Aberrant activation of protein kinases is critical for tumor growth and progression. Hence, protein kinases are key targets for molecular targeted cancer therapy. The serine/threonine kinase Akt is frequently activated in various types of cancer. Activation of Akt promotes tumor progression and drug resistance. Since the first Akt inhibitor was reported in 2000, many Akt inhibitors have been developed and evaluated in either early or late stage of clinical trials, which take advantage of liquid biopsy and genomic or molecular profiling to realize personalized cancer therapy. Two inhibitors, capivasertib and ipatasertib, are being tested in phase III clinical trials for cancer therapy. Here, we highlight recent progress of Akt signaling pathway, review the up-to-date data from clinical studies of Akt inhibitors and discuss the potential biomarkers that may help personalized treatment of cancer with Akt inhibitors. In addition, we also discuss how Akt may confer the vulnerability of cancer cells to some kinds of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jingzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Gregoriou G, Neophytou CM, Vasincu A, Gregoriou Y, Hadjipakkou H, Pinakoulaki E, Christodoulou MC, Ioannou GD, Stavrou IJ, Christou A, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP, Aigner S, Stuppner H, Kakas A, Constantinou AI. Anti-Cancer Activity and Phenolic Content of Extracts Derived from Cypriot Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) Pods Using Different Solvents. Molecules 2021; 26:5017. [PMID: 34443605 PMCID: PMC8401790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts derived from the Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob) tree have been widely studied for their ability to prevent many diseases mainly due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds. In this study, we explored, for the first time, the anti-cancer properties of Cypriot carobs. We produced extracts from ripe and unripe whole carobs, pulp and seeds using solvents with different polarities. We measured the ability of the extracts to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer and normal immortalized breast cells, using the MTT assay, cell cycle analysis and Western Blotting. The extracts' total polyphenol content and anti-oxidant action was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the DPPH assay. Finally, we used LC-MS analysis to identify and quantify polyphenols in the most effective extracts. Our results demonstrate that the anti-proliferative capacity of carob extracts varied with the stage of carob maturity and the extraction solvent. The Diethyl-ether and Ethyl acetate extracts derived from the ripe whole fruit had high Myricetin content and also displayed specific activity against cancer cells. Their mechanism of action involved caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis. Our results indicate that extracts from Cypriot carobs may have potential uses in the development of nutritional supplements and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregoria Gregoriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (G.G.); (Y.G.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Christiana M. Neophytou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (G.G.); (Y.G.); (A.I.C.)
- European University Research Center, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Yiota Gregoriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (G.G.); (Y.G.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Haria Hadjipakkou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (H.H.); (E.P.); (M.C.C.); (G.D.I.); (I.J.S.); (A.C.); (C.P.K.-C.)
| | - Eftychia Pinakoulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (H.H.); (E.P.); (M.C.C.); (G.D.I.); (I.J.S.); (A.C.); (C.P.K.-C.)
| | - Marios C. Christodoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (H.H.); (E.P.); (M.C.C.); (G.D.I.); (I.J.S.); (A.C.); (C.P.K.-C.)
| | - Georgia D. Ioannou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (H.H.); (E.P.); (M.C.C.); (G.D.I.); (I.J.S.); (A.C.); (C.P.K.-C.)
| | - Ioannis J. Stavrou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (H.H.); (E.P.); (M.C.C.); (G.D.I.); (I.J.S.); (A.C.); (C.P.K.-C.)
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Atalanti Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (H.H.); (E.P.); (M.C.C.); (G.D.I.); (I.J.S.); (A.C.); (C.P.K.-C.)
| | | | - Siegfried Aigner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.A.); (H.S.)
| | - Antonis Kakas
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Andreas I. Constantinou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; (G.G.); (Y.G.); (A.I.C.)
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Farghadani R, Naidu R. Curcumin: Modulator of Key Molecular Signaling Pathways in Hormone-Independent Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143427. [PMID: 34298639 PMCID: PMC8307022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, classified according to hormone and growth factor receptor expression. Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-negative) and hormone-independent HER2 overexpressing subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Thus, new alternative anticancer agents based on the use of natural products have been receiving enormous attention. In this regard, curcumin is a promising lead in cancer drug discovery due its ability to modulate a diverse range of molecular targets and signaling pathways. The current review has emphasized the underlying mechanism of curcumin anticancer action mediated through the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, MAPK, NF-ĸB, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, apoptosis, and cell cycle pathways in hormone-independent breast cancer, providing frameworks for future studies and insights to improve its efficiency in clinical practice. Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Despite the overall successes in breast cancer therapy, hormone-independent HER2 negative breast cancer, also known as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacking estrogens and progesterone receptors and with an excessive expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), along with the hormone-independent HER2 positive subtype, still remain major challenges in breast cancer treatment. Due to their poor prognoses, aggressive phenotype, and highly metastasis features, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. One of the most noteworthy phytochemicals, curcumin, has attracted enormous attention as a promising drug candidate in breast cancer prevention and treatment due to its multi-targeting effect. Curcumin interrupts major stages of tumorigenesis including cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis in hormone-independent breast cancer through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways. The current review has highlighted the anticancer activity of curcumin in hormone-independent breast cancer via focusing on its impact on key signaling pathways including the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, MAPK pathway, NF-ĸB pathway, p53 pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as apoptotic and cell cycle pathways. Besides, its therapeutic implications in clinical trials are here presented.
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O'Sullivan MJ, Jang JH, Panariti A, Bedrat A, Ijpma G, Lemos B, Park JA, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. Airway Epithelial Cells Drive Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching to the Proliferative and Pro-inflammatory Phenotype. Front Physiol 2021; 12:687654. [PMID: 34295265 PMCID: PMC8290262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.687654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased mass of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in the airways of asthmatic patients may contribute to the pathology of this disease by increasing the capacity for airway narrowing. Evidence for the airway epithelium as a participant in ASM remodeling is accruing. To investigate mechanisms by which airway epithelial cells induce ASM cell (ASMC) proliferation, we have employed a co-culture model to explore markers of ASMC proliferative phenotype. Co-culture with epithelial cells led to incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into ASMCs, indicating augmented proliferation and an associated increase in mRNA of the pro-proliferative co-transcription factor Elk1. Although the mitogen heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) was augmented in the co-culture supernatant, the ASMC epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), an effector of HB-EGF induced proliferation, did not mediate epithelial-induced proliferation. The co-culture increased the expression of ASMC mRNA for the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 as well as the pro-proliferative microRNA miR-210. The transcriptional repressor Max-binding protein (Mnt), a putative target of miR-210, was transcriptionally repressed in co-cultured ASMCs. Together, these data indicate that the airway epithelium-induced proliferative phenotype of ASMCs is not driven by EGFR signaling, but rather may be dependent on miR210 targeting of tumor suppressor Mnt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J O'Sullivan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J H Jang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Panariti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Bedrat
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - G Ijpma
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Lemos
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J A Park
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A M Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Cellular Effects of Rhynchophylline and Relevance to Sleep Regulation. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:312-341. [PMID: 34207633 PMCID: PMC8293156 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is a plant highly used in the traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines. It has numerous health benefits, which are often attributed to its alkaloid components. Recent studies in humans show that drugs containing Uncaria ameliorate sleep quality and increase sleep time, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Rhynchophylline (Rhy) is one of the principal alkaloids in Uncaria species. Although treatment with Rhy alone has not been tested in humans, observations in rodents show that Rhy increases sleep time. However, the mechanisms by which Rhy could modulate sleep have not been comprehensively described. In this review, we are highlighting cellular pathways that are shown to be targeted by Rhy and which are also known for their implications in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. We conclude that Rhy can impact sleep through mechanisms involving ion channels, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. In modulating multiple cellular responses, Rhy impacts neuronal communication in a way that could have substantial effects on sleep phenotypes. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of action of Rhy will have implications for sleep pharmacology.
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Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-β and -δ for Bruton tyrosine kinase resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4382-4392. [PMID: 32926124 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 40% of patients relapse after a complete response or are refractory to therapy. To survive, the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of DLBCL relies upon B-cell receptor signaling, which can be modulated by the activity of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). Targeting BTK with ibrutinib, an inhibitor, provides a therapeutic approach for this subtype of DLBCL. However, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is often resistant to ibrutinib or acquires resistance soon after exposure. We explored how this resistance develops. We generated 3 isogenic ibrutinib-resistant DLBCL cell lines and investigated the deregulated pathways known to be associated with tumorigenic properties. Reduced levels of BTK and enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling were hallmarks of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. Upregulation of PI3K-β expression was demonstrated to drive resistance in ibrutinib-resistant cells, and resistance was reversed by the blocking activity of PI3K-β/δ. Treatment with the selective PI3K-β/δ dual inhibitor KA2237 reduced both tumorigenic properties and survival-based PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. In addition, combining KA2237 with currently available chemotherapeutic agents synergistically inhibited metabolic growth. This study elucidates the compensatory upregulated PI3K/AKT axis that emerges in ibrutinib-resistant cells.
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Tripolino C, Ciaffi J, Pucino V, Ruscitti P, van Leeuwen N, Borghi C, Giacomelli R, Meliconi R, Ursini F. Insulin Signaling in Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672519. [PMID: 33995414 PMCID: PMC8119635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is burdened by an increased risk of metabolic disorders. Cytokines and other mediators in inflammatory diseases lead to insulin resistance, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Accumulating evidence in the field of immunometabolism suggests that the cause-effect relationship between arthritis and metabolic abnormalities might be bidirectional. Indeed, the immune response can be modulated by various factors such as environmental agents, bacterial products and hormones. Insulin is produced by pancreatic cells and regulates glucose, fat metabolism and cell growth. The action of insulin is mediated through the insulin receptor (IR), localized on the cellular membrane of hepatocytes, myocytes and adipocytes but also on the surface of T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In murine models, the absence of IR in T-cells coincided with reduced cytokine production, proliferation, and migration. In macrophages, defective insulin signaling resulted in enhanced glycolysis affecting the responses to pathogens. In this review, we focalize on the bidirectional cause-effect relationship between impaired insulin signaling and arthritis analyzing how insulin signaling may be involved in the aberrant immune response implicated in arthritis and how inflammatory mediators affect insulin signaling. Finally, the effect of glucose-lowering agents on arthritis was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Tripolino
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ciaffi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nina van Leeuwen
- Rheumatology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Unità Operativa Medicina Interna Cardiovascolare-IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Rome "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meliconi
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Functional Area, "San Giovanni di Dio" Hospital, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ogiwara K, Hoyagi M, Takahashi T. A central role for cAMP/EPAC/RAP/PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling in LH-induced follicular Pgr expression at medaka ovulation†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:413-426. [PMID: 33880506 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear progestin receptor (PGR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has been identified as a pivotal mediator of many processes associated with ovarian and uterine function, and aberrant control of PGR activity causes infertility and disease including cancer. The essential role of PGR in vertebrate ovulation is well recognized, but the mechanisms by which PGR is rapidly and transiently induced in preovulatory follicles after the ovulatory LH surge are not known in lower vertebrates. To address this issue, we utilized the small freshwater teleost medaka Oryzias latipes, which serves as a good model system for studying vertebrate ovulation. In the in vitro ovulation system using preovulatory follicles dissected from the fish ovaries, we found that inhibitors of EPAC (brefeldin A), RAP (GGTI298), PI3K (Wortmannin), AKT (AKT inhibitor IV), and CREB (KG-501) inhibited LH-induced follicle ovulation, while the PKA inhibitor H-89 had no effect on follicle ovulation. The inhibitors capable of inhibiting follicle ovulation also inhibited follicular expression of Pgr and matrix metalloproteinase-15 (Mmp15), the latter of which was previously shown to not only be a downstream effector of Pgr but also a proteolytic enzyme indispensable for follicle rupture in medaka ovulation. Further detailed analysis revealed for the first time that the cAMP/EPAC/RAP/PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling pathway mediates the LH signal to induce Pgr expression in preovulatory follicles. Our data also showed that phosphorylated Creb1 is a transcription factor essential for pgr expression and that Creb1 phosphorylated by Akt1, rather than PKA, may be preferably used to induce pgr expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsueki Ogiwara
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Hoyagi
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Pal A, Sengupta S, Kundu R. Tiliacora racemosa leaves induce oxidative stress mediated DNA damage leading to G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells SiHa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113686. [PMID: 33309918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Menispermaceae plant Tiliacora racemosa is immensely popular in Indian traditional Ayurvedic medicine as "Krishnavetra" for its remarkable anti-cancerous property, and is commonly used by tribal population for the treatment of skin infections, snake bites and filariasis. AIM OF THE STUDY This present study intends to identify the modus operandi behind the cytotoxic activity of Tiliacora racemosa leaves in cervical cancer cells SiHa. Focus has been instilled in the ability of the plant extract to target multiple signaling pathways leading to cell cycle arrest and cell death in SiHa cells, followed by a pharmacological characterization to identify the bioactive principle. MATERIALS AND METHODS T. racemosa leaves extracted in methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous solvent were screened for cytotoxicity in HeLa, SiHa, C33A (cervical cancer cells) and HEK cells by MTT assay. SiHa cells were treated with the most potent extract (TRM). Cellular morphology, clonogenic and wound healing potential, presence of intracellular ROS and NO, lipid peroxidation, activity of cellular antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH), DNA damage detection by comet assay and localisation of γ-H2AX foci, intracellular expression of PARP-1, Bax/Bcl2 and caspase-3, loss in mitochondrial membrane potential by JC1 (flow cytometry) and Rh123 (microscopy), cell cycle analysis, Annexin-FITC assay, AO/EtBr microscopy and apoptotic proteome profiling were undertaken in the treated cells. All the related proteins were studied by immunoblots. Effect of NAC (ROS-scavenger) on cell viability, DNA damage and apoptosis were studied. Phytochemical characterization of all TR extracts was followed by LC-MS analysis of TRM and isolated alkaloid of TR was assessed for cytotoxicity. RESULTS The methanol extract of T. racemosa (TRM) rich in bisbenzylisoquinoline and other alkaloids impeded the proliferation of cervical cancer cells SiHa in vitro through disruption of cellular redox homeostasis caused by increase in cellular ROS and NO with concomitant decrease in the cellular antioxidants. Double-stranded DNA damage was noted from γH2AX foci accumulation and Parp-1 activation leading to ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway arresting the cells at G2/M-phase through cyclin B1 inhibition. The mitochondrial membrane potential was also disturbed leading to caspase-3 dependent apoptotic induction by both extrinsic and intrinsic pathway. Immunoblots show TRM also inhibited PI3K/Akt and NFκB pathway. NAC pre-treatment rescued the cell viability proving DNA damage and apoptosis to be direct consequences of ROS overproduction. Lastly, the therapeutic potential of T. racemosa is was hypothesized to be possibly derived from its alkaloid content. CONCLUSION This study proves the age old ethnnopharmacological anticancer role of T. racemosa. The leaf extracts inhibited the anomalous proliferation of SiHa cells by virtue of G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. Oxidative stress mediated double stranded DNA damage paved the way towards apoptotic cell death through multiple routes, including PI3K/Akt/NFκB pathway. The abundant alkaloid content of T. racemosa was denoted as the probable responsible cytotoxic principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Pal
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Soumee Sengupta
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Zheng M, Chen M, Wang W, Zhou M, Liu C, Fan Y, Shi D. Protection by rhynchophylline against MPTP/MPP +-induced neurotoxicity via regulating PI3K/Akt pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113568. [PMID: 33188898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (U. rhynchophylla), rhynchophylline (Rhy) has been applied for treating diseases related to central nervous system such as Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of the neuroprotective effect has not been well interpreted. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of Rhy on MPTP/MPP + -induced neurotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice or PC12 cells and study the mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The neuroprotective effect of Rhy on MPTP-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated by spontaneous motor activity test, as well as a test of rota-rod on a rat model of Parkinson's disease. The numbers of TH-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) was assessed by immunohistological. CCK-8, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), the concentration of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the pharmacological property of Rhy on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Besides, LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor was employed to determine the underlying molecular signaling pathway revealing the effect of Rhy by western-blot analysis. RESULTS The results showed that Rhy exhibited a protective effect against the MPTP-induced decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive fibers in the substantia nigra at 30 mg/kg, demonstrated by the immunohistological and behavioral outcomes. Furthermore, it has been indicated that cell viability was improved and the MPP+-induced apoptosis was inhibited after the treatment of Rhy at 20 μM, which were severally analyzed by the CCK-8 and the Annexin V/propidium iodide staining method. In addition, Rhy treatment attenuated MPP+-induced up-regulation of LDH, ([Ca2+]i), and the levels of ROS. Besides, it can be revealed from the Western blot assay that LY294002, as a selective Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, effectively inhibited the Akt phosphorylation caused by Rhy, which suggested that Rhy showed its protective property through the activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the Rhy-induced decreases of Bax and caspase-3 as the proapoptotic markers and the increase of Bcl-2 as the antiapoptotic marker, were blocked by LY294002 in the MPP+-treated PC12 cells. CONCLUSIONS Rhy exerts a neuroprotective effect is partly mediated by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Zheng
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Minghui Chen
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Wenli Wang
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Chunming Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Yajun Fan
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Dongfang Shi
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China.
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Anticancer potential of metformin: focusing on gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:587-598. [PMID: 33744985 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most common types of cancer that have high annual mortality; therefore, identification and introduction of safe drugs in the control and prevention of these cancers are of particular importance. Metformin, a lipophilic biguanide, is the most commonly prescribed agent for type 2 diabetes management. In addition to its great effects on lowering the blood glucose concentrations, the anti-cancer properties of this drug have been reported in many types of cancers such as gastrointestinal cancers. Hence the effects of this agent as a safe drug on the reduction of gastrointestinal cancer risk and suppression of these types of cancers have been studied in different clinical trials. Furthermore, the proposed mechanisms of metformin in preventing the growth of these cancers have been investigated in several studies. In this review, we discuss recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that are relevant for metformin use in gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
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Abstract
Melanogenesis is a highly regulated process through which the pigment melanin is produced in skin cells. Irregularities in the molecular events that govern the process of skin pigmentation can cause disorders like vitiligo. In order to understand the biology of disease progression, it is important to have an in depth understanding of intracellular events. Mathematical models provide an integrated view of intracellular signalling. There are very few models to date that incorporate intracellular processes relevant to melanogenesis and only one to our knowledge that simulates the dynamics of response to varying levels of input. Here, we report the formulation of the largest Boolean model (265 nodes) for melanogenesis to date. The model was built on the basis of a detailed interaction network graph published by Raghunath et al. Through additional manual curation of the reported interactions, we converted the graph into a set of Boolean rules, following the procedure of the first Boolean model (62 nodes) for melanogenesis published by Lee et al. Simulations show that the predicted response to varying UV levels for most of the nodes is similar to the predictions of the existing model. The greater complexity allows investigation of the sensitivity of melanin to additional nodes. We carried out perturbation analysis of the network through node deletion and constitutive activation to identify sensitivity of outcomes, and compared the nodes identified as sensitive to previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dnyane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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