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Du GL, Liu F, Liu H, Meng Q, Tang R, Li XM, Yang YN, Gao XM. Monocyte-to-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Positively Predicts Coronary Artery Disease and Multi-Vessel Lesions in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3857-3868. [PMID: 37662500 PMCID: PMC10473407 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s419579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the hypothesis that MHR (monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) is related to the severity of coronary artery in ACS (acute coronary syndrome). Methods In this case-control study, we recruited 15,853 participants undergoing the first time percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) including 4093 normal controls, 10,518 chronic coronary artery disease (CAD), and 1242 ACS cases. Examination of demographic clinical data and biochemical profiles, as well as MHR values, were performed before PCI. The relationship between MHR and severity of coronary artery lesion in ACS was analyzed. We also used a flow cytometric assay to distinguish CD14+/CD16- classical monocyte subsets in peripheral blood mononucleated cells from CAD patients. Results MHR was higher in patients with ACS compared with MHR in normal control and chronic CAD (normal control vs chronic CAD vs ACS: 0.46 ± 0.27 × 109/mmol vs 0.53 ± 0.29 × 109/mmol vs 0.73 ± 0.47 × 109/mmol, P < 0.001). MHR showed a significantly progressive increase as the angiographic severity of coronary lesions increased (single vessel lesion vs multi-vessel lesions in ACS: 0.54 ± 0.31 × 109/mmol vs 0.58 ± 0.35 × 109/mmol, P < 0.001), and classical monocyte subset to HDL-C ratio (CMHR) was increased in with CAD patients compared with control [4.69 (IQR, 1.06, 2.97) × 103/mmol vs 1.92 (IQR, 0.92, 3.04) × 103/mmol, P = 0.02]. Using a multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and dyslipidemia, MHR was positively associated with multi-vessel lesions in ACS [OR (odds ratio): 1.28 (95% CI: 1.03-1.59, P = 0.029)]. Conclusion MHR level could be a potential predictor of coronary artery lesion severity in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Mechanisms underlying unidirectional laminar shear stress-mediated Nrf2 activation in endothelial cells: Amplification of low shear stress signaling by primary cilia. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102103. [PMID: 34425388 PMCID: PMC8379703 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are sensitive to mechanical stress and respond differently to oscillatory flow versus unidirectional flow. This review highlights the mechanisms by which a wide range of unidirectional laminar shear stress induces activation of the redox sensitive antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cultured endothelial cells. We propose that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) are potential Nrf2 activators induced by laminar shear stress. Shear stress-dependent secretion of FGF-2 and its receptor-mediated signaling is tightly controlled, requiring neutrophil elastase released by shear stress, αvβ3 integrin and the cell surface glycocalyx. We speculate that primary cilia respond to low laminar shear stress (<10 dyn/cm2), resulting in secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which facilitates αvβ3 integrin-dependent FGF-2 secretion. Shear stress induces generation of heparan-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), which contributes to FGF-2 secretion and gene expression. Furthermore, HB-EGF signaling modulates FGF-2-mediated NADPH oxidase 1 activation that favors casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation/activation of Nrf2 associated with caveolin 1 in caveolae. Higher shear stress (>15 dyn/cm2) induces vesicular exocytosis of BDNF from endothelial cells, and we propose that BDNF via the p75NTR receptor could induce CK2-mediated Nrf2 activation. Unidirectional laminar shear stress upregulates gene expression of FGF-2 and BDNF and generation of 15d-PGJ2, which cooperate in sustaining Nrf2 activation to protect endothelial cells against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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3
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Zhang Y, Li B, Liu S. Pd‐Senphos Catalyzed
trans
‐Selective Cyanoboration of 1,3‐Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-3860 USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-3860 USA
| | - Shih‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-3860 USA
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4
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Zhang Y, Li B, Liu SY. Pd-Senphos Catalyzed trans-Selective Cyanoboration of 1,3-Enynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15928-15932. [PMID: 32511855 PMCID: PMC7491284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first trans-selective cyanoboration reaction of an alkyne, specifically a 1,3-enyne, is described. The reported palladium-catalyzed cyanoboration of 1,3-enynes is site-, regio-, and diastereoselective, and is uniquely enabled by the 1,4-azaborine-based Senphos ligand structure. Tetra-substituted alkenyl nitriles are obtained providing useful boron-dienenitrile building blocks that can be further functionalized. The utility of our method has been demonstrated with the synthesis of Satigrel, an anti-platelet aggregating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
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5
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microRNA-331-3p maintains the contractile type of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating TNF-α and CD14 in intracranial aneurysm. Neuropharmacology 2019; 164:107858. [PMID: 31785262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may be linked to intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation. VSMCs possess a phenotypic plasticity, capable of changing from a mature, contractile to a less differentiated, synthetic phenotype. In this study, we identify a microRNA candidate miR-331-3p that participates in regulating differentiation properties of VSMCs. The expression of TNF-α and CD14 was quantified in IA wall tissues obtained from 96 IA patients and their associations with clinicopathological features of IA were assessed. Then the interactions between miR-331-3p, TNF-α and CD14 were evaluated by determination of luciferase activity. Differentiated properties of VSMCs were assessed from phenotypic markers of contractile VSMCs, a-SMA and E-cadherin, and of synthetic VSMCs, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Rat IA models by ligation of left carotid artery and left renal artery and histological analysis of induced IAs were performed. The TNF-α and CD14 was highly expressed in IA wall tissues and associated with the type and diameter of aneurysm. Depletion of TNF-α or CD14 retarded VSMC apoptosis and transformation to the synthetic type but facilitated cell proliferation. Elevations in miR-331-3p, a direct negative regulator of both TNF-α and CD14, also reduced VSMC apoptosis and prevented VSMCs from synthetic type and increase their proliferation. Furthermore, miR-331-3p was demonstrated to inhibit the formation of IA by down-regulating TNF-α and CD14 in vivo. In conclusion, miR-331-3p maintains the contractile type of VSMCs, thus possibly inhibiting the progression of IA. These findings provide potential new strategies for the clinical treatment of IA.
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6
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Gao X, Wu L, Wang K, Zhou X, Duan M, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu X. Ubiquitin Carboxyl Terminal Hydrolase L1 Attenuates TNF-α-Mediated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Through Suppression of NF-κB Activation. Int Heart J 2018; 59:1409-1415. [PMID: 30305579 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. It has been shown that UCH-L1 could markedly decrease neointima formation through suppressing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation in the balloon-injured rat carotid. However, whether UCH-L1 plays roles in VSMC migration remains to be determined. In this study, the primary VSMCs were isolated from aortic media of rats and TNF-α to was used to induce VSMC migration. Using a modified Boyden chamber and wound healing assay, it was found that TNF-α can dose and time-dependently induce VSMC migration with a maximal effect at 10 ng/mL. Moreover, UCH-L1 expression increased gradually with the prolonged induction time at 10 ng/mL of TNF-α. UCH-L1 content in VSMC was then modulated by recombinant adenoviruses expressing UCH-L1 or RNA interference to evaluate its roles in cell migration. The results showed that over-expression of UCH-L1 attenuated VSMC migration, while knockdown of it enhanced cell migration significantly no matter whether TNF-α treatment or not. Finally, the effect of UCH-L1 on NF-κB activation was demonstrated by NF-κB nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity, and the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in cell culture media were examined by ELISA. It was showed that UCH-L1 over-expression inhibited NF-κB activation and decrease IL-6 and IL-8 levels, while knockdown of it enhanced NF-κB activation and increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels during TNF-α treatment. These data suggest that UCH-L1 can inhibit TNF-α-induced VSMCs migration, and this kind of effect may partially due to its suppression role in NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
| | - Lei Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
| | - Kun Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
| | - Xuesi Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
| | - Meng Duan
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine
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7
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García-Miguel M, Riquelme JA, Norambuena-Soto I, Morales PE, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Nuñez-Soto C, Mondaca-Ruff D, Cancino-Arenas N, San Martín A, Chiong M. Autophagy mediates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced phenotype switching in vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cell line. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197210. [PMID: 29750813 PMCID: PMC5947899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) dedifferentiation from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype contributes to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic tissue has a chronic inflammatory component with high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). VSMC of atheromatous plaques have increased autophagy, a mechanism responsible for protein and intracellular organelle degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TNF-α induces phenotype switching of VSMCs and whether this effect depends on autophagy. Rat aortic Vascular smooth A7r5 cell line was used as a model to examine the phenotype switching and autophagy. These cells were stimulated with TNF-α 100 ng/mL. Autophagy was determined by measuring LC3-II and p62 protein levels. Autophagy was inhibited using chloroquine and siRNA Beclin1. Cell dedifferentiation was evaluated by measuring the expression of contractile proteins α-SMA and SM22, extracellular matrix protein osteopontin and type I collagen levels. Cell proliferation was measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay, and migration was evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was assessed by ELISA. TNF-α induced autophagy as determined by increased LC3-II (1.91±0.21, p<0.001) and decreased p62 (0.86±0.02, p<0.05) when compared to control. Additionally, TNF-α decreased α-SMA (0.74±0.12, p<0.05) and SM22 (0.54±0.01, p<0.01) protein levels. Consequently, TNF-α induced migration (1.25±0.05, p<0.05), proliferation (2.33±0.24, p<0.05), and the secretion of IL-6 (258±53, p<0.01), type I collagen (3.09±0.85, p<0.01) and osteopontin (2.32±0.46, p<0.01). Inhibition of autophagy prevented all the TNF-α-induced phenotypic changes. TNF-α induces phenotype switching in A7r5 cell line by a mechanism that required autophagy. Therefore, autophagy may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Miguel
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A. Riquelme
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo E. Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Nuñez-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Center for studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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8
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Zhang C, Chen D, Maguire EM, He S, Chen J, An W, Yang M, Afzal TA, Luong LA, Zhang L, Lei H, Wu Q, Xiao Q. Cbx3 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and neointima formation. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 114:443-455. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Eithne Margaret Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shiping He
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jiangyong Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tayyab Adeel Afzal
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Le Anh Luong
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, Panyu District, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, Panyu District, China
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Yu YM, Tsai CC, Tzeng YW, Chang WC, Chiang SY, Lee MF. Ursolic acid suppresses leptin-induced cell proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:811-818. [PMID: 28177667 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating lines of evidence indicate that high leptin levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular health in obese individuals. Proatherogenic effects of leptin include endothelial cell activation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Ursolic acid (UA) has been reported to exhibit multiple biological effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of UA on leptin-induced biological responses in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). A-10 VSMCs were treated with leptin in the presence or absence of UA. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was probed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, phospho-(ERK)1/2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and p50, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) was determined by Western blotting. Immunocytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy were also used for the detection of NF-κB. The secretion of MMP2 was detected by gelatin zymography. UA exhibited antioxidant activities in vitro. In rat VSMCs, UA effectively inhibited cell growth and the activity of MMP2 induced by leptin. These suppressive effects appeared by decreasing the activation of (ERK)1/2, the nuclear expression and translocation of NF-κB, and the production of ROS. UA appeared to inhibit leptin-induced atherosclerosis, which may prevent the development of obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Yu
- a Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Chin Tsai
- b Department of Surgery, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- c Department of Health Care Administration, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Tzeng
- d Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Weng-Cheng Chang
- e Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yin Chiang
- f Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fen Lee
- a Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chen CC, Liang CJ, Leu YL, Chen YL, Wang SH. Viscolin Inhibits In Vitro Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration and Neointimal Hyperplasia In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168092. [PMID: 27977759 PMCID: PMC5158191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscolin, an extract of Viscum coloratum, has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties against harmful stimuli. The aim of the study was to examine the anti-proliferative effects of viscolin on platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF)-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and identify the underlying mechanism responsible for these effects. Viscolin reduced the PDGF-BB-induced HASMC proliferation and migration in vitro; it also arrested HASMCs in the G0/G1 phase by decreasing the protein expression of Cyclin D1, CDK2, Cyclin E, CDK4, and p21Cip1 as detected by Western blot analysis. These effects may be mediated by reduced PDGF-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and P38, but not AKT as well as inhibition of PDGF-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and activator protein 1 (AP-1)/c-fos activation. Furthermore, viscolin pre-treatment significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia of an endothelial-denuded femoral artery in vivo. Taken together, viscolin attenuated PDGF–BB-induced HASMC proliferation in vitro and reduced neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. Thus, viscolin may represent a therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of vascular proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Center for Lipid and Glycomedicine Research (CLGR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences (CLB), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Lin CF, Huang HL, Peng CY, Lee YC, Wang HP, Teng CM, Pan SL. TW-01, a piperazinedione-derived compound, inhibits Ras-mediated cell proliferation and angioplasty-induced vascular restenosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:194-202. [PMID: 27312871 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. This study investigated piperazinedione derived compound TW-01-mediated inhibitory effects on VSMC proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. METHODS Cell proliferation was determined using [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay; cell cycle distribution was measured using flow cytometry; proteins and mRNA expression were determined using western blotting and RT-PCR analyses; DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); in vivo effects of TW-01 were determined using balloon angioplasty in the rat. RESULTS TW-01 significantly inhibited cell proliferation. At the concentrations used, no cytotoxic effects were observed. Three predominant signaling pathways were inhibited by TW-01: (a) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and its downstream effectors of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc; (b) DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); and, (c) Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, TW-01 also inhibited Ras activation, a shared upstream event of each of these signaling cascades. In vascular injury studies, oral administration of TW-01 significantly suppressed intimal hyperplasia induced by balloon angioplasty. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that TW-01 might be a potential candidate for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Li Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Peng
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Po Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10031, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, 71515 Assiut, Egypt, and Misr University for Science and Technology, 6 of October City, Egypt
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Soon-Mi Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Guorong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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Medunjanin S, Daniel JM, Weinert S, Dutzmann J, Burgbacher F, Brecht S, Bruemmer D, Kahne T, Naumann M, Sedding DG, Zuschratter W, Braun-Dullaeus RC. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) permits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through phosphorylation of the orphan nuclear receptor NOR1. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:488-97. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ox-LDL induces dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells via activation of NF-κB. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:175291. [PMID: 25821786 PMCID: PMC4363986 DOI: 10.1155/2015/175291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia increases the risks for atherosclerosis in part by impairing endothelial integrity. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are thought to contribute to endothelial recovery after arterial injury. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can induce EPC dysfunction, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Human EPCs were cultured in endothelial growth medium supplemented with VEGF (10 ng/mL) and bFGF (10 ng/mL). The cells were treated with ox-LDL (50 µg/mL). EPC proliferation was assayed by using CCK8 kits. Expression and translocation of nuclear factor-kabba B (NF-κB) were evaluated. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was measured using H2DCF-DA as a fluorescence probe. The activity of NADPH oxidase activity was determined by colorimetric assay. Ox-LDL significantly decreased the proliferation, migration, and adhesion capacity of EPCs, while significantly increased ROS production and NADPH oxidase expression. Ox-LDL induced NF-κB P65 mRNA expression and translocation in EPCs. Thus ox-LDL can induce EPC dysfunction at least by increasing expression and translocation of NF-κB P65 and NADPH oxidase activity, which represents a new mechanism of lipidemia-induced vascular injury.
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Reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibits neointima formation after vascular injury. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6943. [PMID: 25373918 PMCID: PMC4221790 DOI: 10.1038/srep06943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inappropriate adaptation through the unfolded protein response (UPR) are predominant features of pathological processes. However, little is known about the link between ER stress and endovascular injury. We investigated the involvement of ER stress in neointima hyperplasia after vascular injury. The femoral arteries of 7-8-week-old male mice were subjected to wire-induced vascular injury. After 4 weeks, immunohistological analysis showed that ER stress markers were upregulated in the hyperplastic neointima. Neointima formation was increased by 54.8% in X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) heterozygous mice, a model of compromised UPR. Knockdown of Xbp1 in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC) in vitro promoted cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, treatment with ER stress reducers, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), decreased the intima-to-media ratio after wire injury by 50.0% and 72.8%, respectively. Chronic stimulation of CASMC with PDGF-BB activated the UPR, and treatment with 4-PBA and TUDCA significantly suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced ER stress markers in CASMC and the proliferation and migration of CASMC. In conclusion, increased ER stress contributes to neointima formation after vascular injury, while UPR signaling downstream of XBP1 plays a suppressive role. Suppression of ER stress would be a novel strategy against post-angioplasty vascular restenosis.
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Zhou S, Xiao W, Pan X, Zhu M, Yang Z, Zhang F, Zheng C. Thrombin promotes proliferation of human lung fibroblasts via protease activated receptor-1-dependent and NF-κB-independent pathways. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:747-56. [PMID: 24523227 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic respiratory diseases are associated with abnormal coagulation regulation and fibrolysis. However, the detailed mechanism by which coagulation regulation and fibrolysis affect the occurrence and development of lung diseases remain to be elucidated. Protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), a major high-affinity thrombin receptor, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a transcription factor, are involved in cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. We have investigated the potential mechanism of thrombin-induced fibroblast proliferation and roles of PAR-1 and NF-κB signalling in this process. The effect of thrombin on proliferation of human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPF) was assessed by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. The expression of PAR1 and NF-κB subunit p65 protein was detected by Western blot. Nuclear translocation of p65 was examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. We show that thrombin significantly increased proliferation of HPF as determined by induction of BrdU-positive incorporation ratio. Induced PAR1 protein expression was also seen in HPF cells treated with thrombin. However, thrombin had no significant effect on expression and translocation of NF-κB p65 in HPF cells. The results indicate that, by increasing protein expression and interacting with PAR1, thrombin promotes HPF proliferation. NF-κB signalling appears to play no role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Teaching and Research, School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, 250012, China
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Chaterji S, Lam CH, Ho DS, Proske DC, Baker AB. Syndecan-1 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89824. [PMID: 24587062 PMCID: PMC3934950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the role of syndecan-1 in modulating the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells in the context of endogenous inflammatory factors and altered microenvironments that occur in disease or injury-induced vascular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) display a continuum of phenotypes that can be altered during vascular remodeling. While the syndecans have emerged as powerful and complex regulators of cell function, their role in controlling vSMC phenotype is unknown. Here, we isolated vSMCs from wild type (WT) and syndecan-1 knockout (S1KO) mice. Gene expression and western blotting studies indicated decreased levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calponin, and other vSMC-specific differentiation markers in S1KO relative to WT cells. The spread area of the S1KO cells was found to be greater than WT cells, with a corresponding increase in focal adhesion formation, Src phosphorylation, and alterations in actin cytoskeletal arrangement. In addition, S1KO led to increased S6RP phosphorylation and decreased AKT and PKC-α phosphorylation. To examine whether these changes were present in vivo, isolated aortae from aged WT and S1KO mice were stained for calponin. Consistent with our in-vitro findings, the WT mice aortae stained higher for calponin relative to S1KO. When exposed to the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, WT vSMCs had an 80% reduction in syndecan-1 expression. Further, with TNF-α, S1KO vSMCs produced increased pro-inflammatory cytokines relative to WT. Finally, inhibition of interactions between syndecan-1 and integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 using the inhibitory peptide synstatin appeared to have similar effects on vSMCs as knocking out syndecan-1, with decreased expression of vSMC differentiation markers and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, receptors, and osteopontin. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results support that syndecan-1 promotes vSMC differentiation and quiescence. Thus, the presence of syndecan-1 would have a protective effect against vSMC dedifferentiation and this activity is linked to interactions with integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somali Chaterji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christoffer H. Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Derek S. Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Proske
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aaron B. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Jung Y, Abdel-Fatah TM, Chan SY, Nolan CC, Green AR, Ellis IO, Li L, Huang B, Lu J, Xu B, Chen L, Ma RZ, Zhang M, Wang J, Wu Z, Zhu T, Perry JK, Lobie PE, Liu DX. SHON Is a Novel Estrogen-Regulated Oncogene in Mammary Carcinoma That Predicts Patient Response to Endocrine Therapy. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6951-62. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xu XL, Ling DY, Zhu QY, Fan WJ, Zhang W. The effect of 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-0-β-D glucoside on neointima formation in a rat artery balloon injury model and its possible mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23178522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-0-β-D glucoside (TSG) has been recognized to suppress the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The aim of the present study was to determine whether TSG inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid arterial balloon injury model. Balloon injury was induced in the left common carotid artery of rats. TSG (30, 60, 120 mg/kg/day) was treated from 3 days prior to, until 14 days after the induction of balloon injury. The ratio of intima-to-media was significantly reduced in the TSG-treated rats at 14 days after the induction of injury, which was associated with reduced expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), as markers of VSMCs proliferation and migration. Additionally, TSG significantly inhibited PDGF-BB induced cell migration in cultured VSMCs. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanisms for such effects of TSG. The result showed that TSG markedly reduced balloon injury-induced AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation as well as mRNA expressions of c-myc, c-fos and c-jun, which is important signal pathway for VSMCs proliferation. And in both vivo and vitro model, TSG markedly regulated matrix metalloproteinase-2, 9 expressions and collagen I, III expressions, which are key factors in extracellular matrix for VSMCs migration. These results suggest that the anti-proliferative and anti-migrative effects of TSG on VSMCs could help to explain the beneficial effects of TSG on neointima hyperplasia induced by balloon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, Nantong University Medical College, 19 Qi Xiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
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The effect of endothelial progenitor cells on angiotensin II-induced proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 58:617-25. [PMID: 22146405 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318230bb5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could delay the progress of vascular remodeling in blood vessel-proliferating diseases. The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a pivotal factor in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated whether EPCs could inhibit the Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of VSMCs. The effect of early EPC-conditioned medium (E-EPC-CM), late EPCs-CM (L-EPC-CM), and HUVEC-CM on Ang II-induced proliferation of VSMCs was assessed by BrdU incorporation, total protein content, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, and flow cytometry. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to analyze the effect of different CMs on Ang II-induced phosphorylations of ERK, JNK, p38, and NF-κB subunit p65 and the expressions of c-myc and c-fos. E-EPC-CM, L-EPC-CM, and HUVEC-CM significantly inhibited the Ang II-induced DNA synthesis, total protein expression, cell survival, and cell cycle progress of VSMCs. Furthermore, E-EPC-CM significantly inhibited the Ang II-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38, and p65 (nuclear translocation of p65) and the expressions of c-myc and c-fos. Taken together, these data suggested that EPCs may delay the progress of vascular remodeling in blood vessel-proliferating diseases by inhibiting Ang II-induced proliferation of VSMCs through inactivating MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways and by reducing the expressions of c-myc and c-fos.
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Li DY, Xue MY, Geng ZR, Chen PY. The suppressive effects of Bursopentine (BP5) on oxidative stress and NF-ĸB activation in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:9-20. [PMID: 22415070 DOI: 10.1159/000337581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Bursopentine (BP5) is a novel thiol-containing pentapeptide isolated from chicken bursa of Fabricius, and is reported to exert immunomodulatory effects on B and T lymphocytes. It has been found that some thiol compounds, such as glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) protect living cells from oxidative stress. This led us to investigate whether BP5 had any ability to protect macrophages from oxidative stress as well as any mechanism that might underlie this process. METHODS Murine peritoneal macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 μg/ml) were treated with single bouts (0, 25, 50, and 100 μM) of BP5. RESULTS BP5 potently suppressed the markers for oxidative stress, including nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. It also decreased the expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and promoted a protective antioxidant state by elevating GSH content and by activating the expression and activity of certain key antioxidant and redox enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). This suppressive effect on oxidative stress was accompanied by down-regulated expression and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that BP5 can protect LPS-activated murine peritoneal macrophages from oxidative stress. BP5 may have applications as an anti-oxidative stress reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Immunology of China's Department of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Acetylbritannilactone induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Int J Cardiol 2011; 149:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grassia G, Maddaluno M, Musilli C, De Stefano D, Carnuccio R, Di Lauro MV, Parratt CA, Kennedy S, Di Meglio P, Ianaro A, Maffia P, Parenti A, Ialenti A. The IκB Kinase Inhibitor Nuclear Factor-κB Essential Modulator–Binding Domain Peptide for Inhibition of Injury-Induced Neointimal Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2458-66. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.215467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Grassia
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Marcella Maddaluno
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Claudia Musilli
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Daniela De Stefano
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Rosa Carnuccio
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Maria Vittoria Di Lauro
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Christopher A. Parratt
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Simon Kennedy
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Paola Di Meglio
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Angela Ianaro
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Astrid Parenti
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
| | - Armando Ialenti
- From the Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (G.G., M.M., D.D.S., R.C., M.V.D.L., P.D.M., A. Ianaro, P.M., A. Ialenti); Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy (C.M., A.P.); Institutes of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (C.A.P., P.M.) and Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences (S.K.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom. Current address of Dr Di Meglio: St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, Division of
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Xu CB, Lei Y, Chen Q, Pehrson C, Larsson L, Edvinsson L. Cigarette smoke extracts promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances contractile responses in the vasculature and airway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:940-8. [PMID: 20618305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, the knowledge about how cigarette smoke induces damage to vasculature and airway is limited. The present study was designed to examine the effects of cigarette smoke particles extracted by heptane (heptane-soluble smoke particles, HSP), by water (water-soluble smoke particles, WSP) and by DMSO (DMSO-soluble smoke particles, DSP), which represent lipophilic, hydrophilic and ambiphoteric constituents from the cigarette smoke, respectively. Human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation was assessed in cell culture. Rat resistance artery and airway contractile responses to serotonin, U46619, phenylephrine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, des-Arg⁹-bradykinin, bradykinin, sarafotoxin 6c and endothelin-1 were monitored by a sensitive myograph system. Immunocytochemistry and cell-based phosphoELISA assay were used to demonstrate activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). For the first time, our results demonstrate that although all the three extracts promote HASMC proliferation, the HSP and DSP effects occur earlier. HSP and DSP, but not WSP, increase the contractile responses to sarafotoxin 6c, U46619 or bradykinin in rat mesenteric artery and/or in bronchi. ERK1/2 is activated by HSP and DSP in HASMCs and inhibition of ERK1/2 abrogated the smoke extracts-induced HASMC proliferation, while blockage of nicotinic receptors had no effects, suggesting that the toxic effects of the smoke extracts occur via activation of intracellular ERK1/2 signalling, but not nicotinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang-Bao Xu
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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25
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Bu DX, Johansson ME, Ren J, Xu DW, Johnson FB, Edfeldt K, Yan ZQ. Nuclear factor {kappa}B-mediated transactivation of telomerase prevents intimal smooth muscle cell from replicative senescence during vascular repair. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2604-10. [PMID: 20864668 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.213074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain insights into mechanisms by which intimal hyperplasia interferes with the repair process by investigating expression and function of the catalytic telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) subunit after vascular injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional telomerase is essential to the replicative longevity of vascular cells. We found that TERT was de novo activated in the intima of injured arteries, involving activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway. Stimulation of the isolated intimal smooth muscle cell (SMC) by basic fibroblast growth factor or tumor necrosis factor α resulted in increased TERT activity. This depends on the activation of c-Myc signaling because mutation of the E-box in the promoter or overexpression of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1), a c-Myc competitor, abrogated the transcriptional activity. Inhibition of nuclear factor κB in both intimal SMCs and the injured artery attenuated TERT transcriptional activity through reduction of c-Myc expression. Pharmacological blockade of TERT led to SMC senescence. Finally, depletion of telomerase function in mice resulted in severe intimal SMC senescence after vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS These results support a model in which vascular injury induces de novo expression of TERT in intimal SMCs via activation of nuclear factor κB and upregulation of c-Myc. The resumed TERT activity is critical for intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-xiu Bu
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Pamukcu B, Lip GYH, Devitt A, Griffiths H, Shantsila E. The role of monocytes in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Ann Med 2010; 42:394-403. [PMID: 20568979 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2010.497767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The more we discover about the molecular pathways involved in atherosclerosis, the more we perceive the importance of monocytes in this process. Circulating monocytes are components of innate immunity, and many pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules facilitate their adhesion and migration to the vascular endothelial wall. In addition to the accumulation of lipids and formation of atherogenic 'foam' cells, monocytes may promote atherosclerotic plaque growth by production of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxidative species. However, the contribution of monocytes to atherogenesis is not only limited to tissue destruction. Monocyte subsets are also involved in intraplaque angiogenesis and tissue reparative processes. The aim of this overview is to discuss the mechanisms of monocyte activation, the pivotal role and importance of activated monocytes in atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, their implication in the development of acute coronary events, and their potential in cardiovascular reparative processes such angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Pamukcu
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, United Kingdom
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27
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Hosokawa I, Hosokawa Y, Ozaki K, Yumoto H, Nakae H, Matsuo T. Proinflammatory effects of muramyldipeptide on human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:193-9. [PMID: 20470259 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Because human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are the predominant cells in periodontal tissues, we hypothesized that HGFs are contributed to receptors for components of bacteria. In this study, we focused on expression and function of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) in HGFs, which is a mammalian cytosolic pathogen recognition molecule. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression of NOD2 in HGFs was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, cc chemokine ligand2, cxc chemokine ligand10 (CXCL10) and CXCL11 from HGFs was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to detect the NOD2 expression in human gingival tissues. RESULTS We found clear NOD2 expression in HGFs. Upon stimulation with NOD2 agonist, muramyldipeptide (MDP), production of proinflammatory cytokines was enhanced. Moreover, MDP-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines was inhibited in a different manner by mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, MDP enhanced CXCL10 and CXCL11 productions by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)- or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated HGFs, although MDP alone did not induce these chemokines. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma increased NOD2 expression in HGFs. In addition, we detected NOD2 expression in mononuclear cells and HGFs in periodontally diseased tissues. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that MDP which induces production of cytokines and chemokines from HGFs is related to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hosokawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
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28
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Coskun H, Summerfield TL, Kniss DA, Friedman A. Mathematical modeling of preadipocyte fate determination. J Theor Biol 2010; 265:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Li DY, Geng ZR, Zhu HF, Wang C, Miao DN, Chen PY. Immunomodulatory activities of a new pentapeptide (Bursopentin) from the chicken bursa of Fabricius. Amino Acids 2010; 40:505-15. [PMID: 20582606 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a central immune organ in birds, and some peptides from chicken BF have demonstrated important immune functions. Here, a new 626.27 Da pentapeptide, Bursopentin (BP5, Cys-Lys-Arg-Val-Tyr) was isolated and purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In this study, we examined the effects of BP5 on antigen-specific immune response in BALB/c mice sensitized with inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) [A/Duck/Jiangsu/NJ08/05 (AIV H9N2 subtype)]. The results suggested that BP5 enhanced anti-hemagglutinin antibody (IgG, the isotypes IgG1 and IgG2a) production, induced both of Th1- (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2-type (IL-4 and -10) cytokines, increased proliferations of splenic lymphocyte subsets CD4+ T cells (CD3+CD4+), CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+) and B cells, and enhanced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity of the activated splenocytes against NIH3T3 cells. The effects of BP5 on the proliferation of isolated T- and/or B-cell populations of BALB/c mice were assessed, and the data suggested that BP5 promoted spleen lymphocyte proliferation by activating B cells directly and T cells indirectly. Further analysis revealed that B-lymphocyte proliferation induced by BP5 is mediated by reactive oxygen species generated from thiol auto-oxidation of BP5. Furthermore, our data indicated that protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B are involved in the signal transductions during the BP5-induced B lymphocyte proliferation. This study indicates that BP5 could be a potential immunomodulator for future immuno-pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Immunology of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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30
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Effect of ERK inhibitor on pulmonary metastasis of inoculated human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells in nude mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is a calcium-dependent cross-linking enzyme that catalyzes a covalent iso-peptide bond between two proteins. Interestingly, this catalysis can activate the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) through the polymerization of the inhibitory protein of NF-kappaB (I-kappaB). The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of TGase 2 in the human atherosclerotic human coronary artery, and the possible roles of TGase 2 in NF-kappaB activation. METHODS AND RESULTS We explored whether expressions of TGase 2 and NF-kappaB are associated in atherosclerosis. Using human samples, we found that TGase 2 was markedly higher than normal in the neointimal tissue of atherosclerotic coronary arteries with atherosclerosis progression. TGase 2 activity was also increased approximately two-fold in the atherosclerotic vascular wall. In immunofluorescence analysis, NF-kappaB, COX-2, and TNF-alpha were co-localized at TGase 2-positive neointimal smooth muscle cells. A promoter assay test showed that NF-kappaB activity increased in both the human monocyte and human breast carcinoma cell by TGase 2, and that TGase 2-mediated NF-kappaB activation was reversed by TGase 2 siRNA. CONCLUSION According to these results, we suggest that TGase 2 may function as an activator in the NF-kappaB pathway; this effect may occur in the atherosclerotic vessel wall.
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Birker-Robaczewska M, Studer R, Haenig B, Menyhart K, Hofmann S, Nayler O. bFGF induces S1P1receptor expression and functionality in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 105:1139-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ogawa A, Firth AL, Yao W, Rubin LJ, Yuan JXJ. Prednisolone inhibits PDGF-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L648-57. [PMID: 18708631 PMCID: PMC2575943 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90245.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, a major cause for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), is partially due to increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in the media, resulting in vascular wall thickening. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen that may be involved in the progression of PAH. Blockade of PDGF receptors has been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Prednisolone is an immunosuppressant shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects on PASMC. This study was designed to investigate whether PDGF and prednisolone affect human PASMC proliferation by regulating the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB (a transcription factor composed of 2 subunits, p50 and p65). Treatment of human PASMC with PDGF (10 ng/ml) significantly increased nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 subunits. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation or nuclear translocation of p50/p65 significantly attenuated PDGF-induced PASMC proliferation (determined by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation). In the presence of prednisolone (200 microM), the PDGF-induced nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 subunits was markedly inhibited (P < 0.05 vs. the cells treated with PDGF alone). These results indicate that PDGF-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB may play an important role in stimulating PASMC proliferation (and/or enhancing PASMC survival), whereas prednisolone may exert anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects on PASMC by inhibiting NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Ogawa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
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Baicalein attenuates intimal hyperplasia after rat carotid balloon injury through arresting cell-cycle progression and inhibiting ERK, Akt, and NF-κB activity in vascular smooth-muscle cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 378:579-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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35
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Osako MK, Tomita N, Nakagami H, Kunugiza Y, Yoshino M, Yuyama K, Tomita T, Yoshikawa H, Ogihara T, Morishita R. Increase in nuclease resistance and incorporation of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides by modification of the 3'-terminus. J Gene Med 2008; 9:812-9. [PMID: 17640082 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the development of molecular therapy based on oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), ODN have to be stable against nucleases and be specific to the target transcription factor. To decrease non-specific binding and degradation from the 3'-terminus of ODN, we designed partially annealed ODN by binding the extremities of two single strands, resulting in a ribbon-shaped ODN, so called ribbon-type decoy ODN (R-ODN). METHODS We evaluated the efficiency in the process of enzymatic ligation of R-ODN, the binding activity to nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and the stability against Exonuclease III and nucleases present in serum. The functional activity of R-ODN to inhibit NF-kappaB in vitro was evaluated in human aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMC): TNF-alpha-induced proliferation rate and MMP-9 expression were assessed after R-ODN transfection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although R-ODN have a phosphodiester backbone, their physical conformation was designed to provide nuclease resistance without interfering with their binding activity. As expected, R-ODN showed more resistance to exonucleases and stability in 100% serum than non-modified decoy ODN (N-ODN). Importantly, the R-ODN construction did not interfere with its binding activity to NF-kappaB, similar to N-ODN. Transfection of R-ODN significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-9 induced by TNF-alpha in VSMC as assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and R-ODN also inhibited the proliferation of VSMC induced by TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml), similar to phosphorothioate decoy ODN. Overall, the development of ribbon NF-kappaB decoy ODN could provide a useful tool for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kiomy Osako
- Division of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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36
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Dozmorov MG, Kropp BP, Hurst RE, Cheng EY, Lin HK. Differentially expressed gene networks in cultured smooth muscle cells from normal and neuropathic bladder. J Smooth Muscle Res 2007; 43:55-72. [PMID: 17598958 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.43.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic bladder dysfunction results from abnormal development of the spine, spinal cord injuries, or diseases such as diabetics. Patients with neuropathic bladders often require surgical intervention such as bladder reconstruction to improve incontinence and prevent renal damage. Tissue engineering with ex-vivo cultured bladder cells has been suggested as one means for improving bladder function. However, we previously demonstrated that cultured bladder smooth muscle cells (SMCs) derived from neuropathic bladder exhibit and maintain altered pathologic phenotypes in culture. To identify genes that are responsible for the abnormal neuropathic phenotypes specifically elevated cell proliferation, the expression levels of 1,185 genes were compared between cultured SMCs derived from normal and neuropathic bladders using a cDNA array consisting of well-annotated genes. The expression data were analyzed using several methods to identify differentially expressed genes. The resulting sets of differentially expressed genes were examined by pathway analysis to identify the networks that remain abnormal in the culture-stable phenotype of neuropathic SMCs. A total of 18 genes that are differentially expressed between cultured normal and neuropathic bladder SMCs were identified. Of these 17 were up-regulated greater than 2-fold in neuropathic bladder SMCs, six of them along with one gene that was not up-regulated greater than 2-fold in cultured neuropathic bladder SMCs were confirmed and identified by more stringent analysis methods including significance analysis of microarrays, class comparison, and class prediction analyses. The major dysregulated pathways include fibroblast growth factor signaling, PTEN signaling, and integrin signaling. Our results further suggest that altered neuropathic bladder SMC phenotypes is stable in the culture environments and that SMCs derived from diseased bladders may not be appropriate for tissue engineering purpose without modification of pathologically altered genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73034, USA
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37
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Aihara KI, Azuma H, Akaike M, Ikeda Y, Sata M, Takamori N, Yagi S, Iwase T, Sumitomo Y, Kawano H, Yamada T, Fukuda T, Matsumoto T, Sekine K, Sato T, Nakamichi Y, Yamamoto Y, Yoshimura K, Watanabe T, Nakamura T, Oomizu A, Tsukada M, Hayashi H, Sudo T, Kato S, Matsumoto T. Strain-dependent embryonic lethality and exaggerated vascular remodeling in heparin cofactor II-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1514-26. [PMID: 17549254 PMCID: PMC1878511 DOI: 10.1172/jci27095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin cofactor II (HCII) specifically inhibits thrombin action at sites of injured arterial wall, and patients with HCII deficiency exhibit advanced atherosclerosis. However, the in vivo effects and the molecular mechanism underlying the action of HCII during vascular remodeling remain elusive. To clarify the role of HCII in vascular remodeling, we generated HCII-deficient mice by gene targeting. In contrast to a previous report, HCII(-/-) mice were embryonically lethal. In HCII(+/-) mice, prominent intimal hyperplasia with increased cellular proliferation was observed after tube cuff and wire vascular injury. The number of protease-activated receptor-1-positive (PAR-1-positive) cells was increased in the thickened vascular wall of HCII(+/-) mice, suggesting enhanced thrombin action in this region. Cuff injury also increased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the vascular wall of HCII(+/-) mice. The intimal hyperplasia in HCII(+/-) mice with vascular injury was abrogated by human HCII supplementation. Furthermore, HCII deficiency caused acceleration of aortic plaque formation with increased PAR-1 expression and oxidative stress in apoE-KO mice. These results demonstrate that HCII protects against thrombin-induced remodeling of an injured vascular wall by inhibiting thrombin action and suggest that HCII is potentially therapeutic against atherosclerosis without causing coagulatory disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Azuma
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Akaike
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takamori
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Sumitomo
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawano
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toru Fukuda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Watanabe
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akimasa Oomizu
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsukada
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sudo
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences and
21st Century Center of Excellence Program, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
Benesis Corp., Osaka, Japan.
First Institute of New Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Tokushima, Japan
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38
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Takeuchi K, Itoh H, Yonemitsu Y, Matsumoto T, Kume M, Komori K, Maehara Y. In vivo reduction of the nuclear factor-kappaB activity using synthetic cis-element decoy oligonucleotides suppresses intimal hyperplasia in the injured carotid arteries in rabbits. Surg Today 2007; 37:575-83. [PMID: 17593477 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-007-3469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a critical role in inflammation-related reactions, and is also found in the injured arterial wall. The purpose of this study was to introduce synthetic double-stranded cis-element "decoy" oligonucleotides (ODNs) into the arterial wall using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) liposome, and to investigate the inhibitory potential of decoy ODN against balloon injury-induced intimal hyperplasia by reducing NF-kappaB activity. METHODS Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled decoy ODNs using the HVJ-liposome method were tranfected in balloon-injured rabbit carotid arteries. We then performed electrophoretic mobility shift assay to examine NF-kappaB activity using balloon-injured arteries, and we introduced NF-kappaB decoy into balloon-injured arteries. RESULTS Transfection of FITC-labeled decoy ODNs by using the HVJ-liposome method demonstrated highly efficient protein expression with diffuse, frequent, and widespread nuclear signals over the entire medial layer, while the same amount of naked ODNs showed much less efficiency with scattered distribution of fluorescence in balloon-injured carotid arteries. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed activation of NF-kappaB in balloon-injured arteries. In vivo transfection of decoy ODNs mediated by HVJ liposome abolished the NF-kappaB activity in injured arteries with specific binding affinity to NF-kappaB protein. Intimal hyperplasia of carotid artery after balloon injury was reduced by approximately 50% by NF-kappaB decoy transfection compared with buffer treatment or scrambled decoy transfection. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated involvement of NF-kappaB in intimal formation after arterial injury, and indicated that NF-kappaB can be an appropriate molecular target for anti-restenosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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39
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Takahashi Y, Watanabe H, Murakami M, Ohba T, Radovanovic M, Ono K, Iijima T, Ito H. Involvement of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) in angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:287-96. [PMID: 17289052 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypertrophy as one of the major events leading to atherosclerosis. Increased Ca(2+) entry is an important stimulus for VSMC hypertrophy, but the association with Ang II remains to be determined. Transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) forms store-operated Ca(2+) (SOC) channels that are involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis. Our aim was to ascertain the potential involvement of TRPC1 in Ang II-induced VSMC hypertrophy. For this purpose, we used cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs). Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) increased in the Ang II-induced hypertrophied cells, and SOC channel blocker inhibited the Ang II-induced hypertrophic response. Although hCASMCs constitutively expressed TRPC1, C3, C4, C5, and C6, only TRPC1 increased in response to Ang II stimulation. TRPC1 siRNA decreased SOCE and prevented Ang II-induced hypertrophy. We found NF-kappaB binding sites in the 5'-regulatory region of the human TRPC1 gene. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that Ang II increased the TRPC1 promoter's NF-kappaB binding activity. Co-treatment with NF-kappaB decoy oligonucleotides not only reduced TRPC1 expression, but also inhibited the hypertrophic responses. In conclusion, our data suggest that Ang II and subsequent NF-kappaB activation induces hCASMC hypertrophy through an enhancement of TRPC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondoh, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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40
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Remillard CV, Tigno DD, Platoshyn O, Burg ED, Brevnova EE, Conger D, Nicholson A, Rana BK, Channick RN, Rubin LJ, O'connor DT, Yuan JXJ. Function of Kv1.5 channels and genetic variations of KCNA5 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 292:C1837-53. [PMID: 17267549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00405.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pore-forming alpha-subunit, Kv1.5, forms functional voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and plays an important role in regulating membrane potential, vascular tone, and PASMC proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibited Kv channel expression and function have been implicated in PASMC from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Here, we report that overexpression of the Kv1.5 channel gene (KCNA5) in human PASMC and other cell lines produced a 15-pS single channel current and a large whole cell current that was sensitive to 4-aminopyridine. Extracellular application of nicotine, bepridil, correolide, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) all significantly and reversibly reduced the Kv1.5 currents, while nicotine and bepridil also accelerated the inactivation kinetics of the currents. Furthermore, we sequenced KCNA5 from IPAH patients and identified 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); 7 are novel SNPs. There are 12 SNPs in the upstream 5' region, 2 of which may alter transcription factor binding sites in the promoter, 2 nonsynonymous SNPs in the coding region, 2 SNPs in the 3'-untranslated region, and 1 SNP in the 3'-flanking region. Two SNPs may correlate with the nitric oxide-mediated decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure. Allele frequency of two other SNPs in patients with a history of fenfluramine and phentermine use was significantly different from patients who have never taken the anorexigens. These results suggest that 1) Kv1.5 channels are modulated by various agonists (e.g., nicotine and ET-1); 2) novel SNPs in KCNA5 are present in IPAH patients; and 3) SNPs in the promoter and translated regions of KCNA5 may underlie the altered expression and/or function of Kv1.5 channels in PASMC from IPAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelle V Remillard
- Department of Medicine, University of California--San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA
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41
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Leroy MJ, Dallot E, Czerkiewicz I, Schmitz T, Breuiller-Fouché M. Inflammation of choriodecidua induces tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis of human myometrial cells. Biol Reprod 2007; 76:769-76. [PMID: 17215489 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.058057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the ability of human choriodecidua to induce myometrial cell apoptosis through the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). The secretion of TNF was evaluated in the culture supernatants of amnion and choriodecidua explants that were exposed to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation. The choriodecidua explants produced more TNF than the amnion explants in response to LPS stimulation, despite the fact that the choriodecidua had lower levels of TLR4 expression. Moreover, conditioned medium obtained from LPS-treated choriodecidua explants, but not that from amnion explants, decreased the number of viable cultured myometrial cells and induced cell apoptosis by inducing the overexpression of the proapoptotic protein BAX and by decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2. Neutralization of TNF in the choriodecidua-conditioned medium reversed this effect. Exogenous TNF mimicked LPS-treated choriodecidua-conditioned medium in that it induced myometrial cell apoptosis, reduced BCL2 expression, and increased BAX expression. Using neutralizing antibodies against both subtypes of TNF receptors, we found that only TNFRSF1A participates in TNF-induced myometrial cell apoptosis. Our in vitro model of LPS-induced inflammation of human fetal membrane explants suggests a mechanism by which TNF secreted by choriodecidua governs human myometrial cell apoptosis at the end of pregnancy. These data support the hypothesis that TNF participates in the complex network of signaling processes associated with uterine involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josèphe Leroy
- INSERM, U767, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
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42
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Han DW, Lim HR, Baek HS, Lee MH, Lee SJ, Hyon SH, Park JC. Inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate on serum-stimulated rat aortic smooth muscle cells via nuclear factor-kappaB down-modulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:148-55. [PMID: 16677605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. Although (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) has antiproliferative effects on various cells, relatively a little is known about precise mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of EGCG on SMCs. In this study, the inhibitory effects of EGCG on attachment, proliferation, migration, and cell cycle of rat aortic SMCs (RASMCs) with serum stimulation were investigated. Also, the involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) during these inhibitions by EGCG was examined. EGCG treatment resulted in significant (p<0.05) inhibition in attachment and proliferation of RASMCs induced by serum. While non-treated RASMCs migrated into denuded area in response to serum and showed essentially complete closure after 36 h, EGCG-treated cells covered only 31% of the area even after 48 h of incubation. Furthermore, EGCG treatment resulted in an appreciable cell cycle arrest at both G0/G1- and G2/M-phases. The immunoblot analysis revealed that the constitutive expression of NF-kappaB/p65 nuclear protein in RASMCs was lowered by EGCG in both the cytosol and the nucleus in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the EGCG-caused inhibitory effects on RASMCs may be mediated through NF-kappaB down-modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Han
- Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Medicine, Ilsan International Hospital, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Korea
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44
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Isoda K, Young JL, Zirlik A, MacFarlane LA, Tsuboi N, Gerdes N, Schönbeck U, Libby P. Metformin inhibits proinflammatory responses and nuclear factor-kappaB in human vascular wall cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 26:611-7. [PMID: 16385087 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000201938.78044.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin may benefit the macrovascular complications of diabetes independently of its conventional hypoglycemic effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes participate in type 2 diabetes and its atherothrombotic manifestations. Therefore, this study examined the potential action of metformin as an inhibitor of pro-inflammatory responses in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), macrophages (Mphis), and endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS AND RESULTS Metformin dose-dependently inhibited IL-1beta-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in ECs, SMCs, and Mphis. Investigation of potential signaling pathways demonstrated that metformin diminished IL-1beta-induced activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in SMCs. Furthermore, metformin suppressed IL-1beta-induced activation of the pro-inflammatory phosphokinases Akt, p38, and Erk, but did not affect PI3 kinase (PI3K) activity. To address the significance of the anti-inflammatory effects of a therapeutically relevant plasma concentration of metformin (20 micromol/L), we conducted experiments in ECs treated with high glucose. Pretreatment with metformin also decreased phosphorylation of Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) in ECs under these conditions. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that metformin can exert a direct vascular anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-kappaB through blockade of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The novel anti-inflammatory actions of metformin may explain in part the apparent clinical reduction by metformin of cardiovascular events not fully attributable to its hypoglycemic action.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Saphenous Vein/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuo Isoda
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Liu W, Parikh AA, Stoeltzing O, Fan F, McCarty MF, Wey J, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Upregulation of neuropilin-1 by basic fibroblast growth factor enhances vascular smooth muscle cell migration in response to VEGF. Cytokine 2005; 32:206-12. [PMID: 16289960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). During neovascularization, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and pericytes modulate the function of endothelial cells. Factors that mediate NRP-1 in human VSMCs (hVSMCs) remain to be elucidated. We studied various angiogenic cytokines to identify factors that increase NRP-1 expression in hVSMCs. Treatment of hVSMCs with basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF) induced expressions of NRP-1 mRNA and protein whereas epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and interleukin-1beta did not. b-FGF induced phosphorylation of Erk-1/2 and JNK. MEK1/2 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) inhibitors (U0126 and TLCK, respectively) blocked the ability of b-FGF to induce NRP-1 mRNA expression, but inhibition of JNK (SP600125) or PI3-kinase activity (wortmannin) did not. Further, the increase in NRP-1 expression by b-FGF enhanced hVSMCs migration in response to VEGF(165). This effect was dependent on the binding of VEGF(165) to VEGFR-2, as blocking antibodies to VEGFR-2, but not VEGFR-1, inhibited VEGF(165)-induced migration. In conclusion, b-FGF increased NRP-1 expression in hVSMCs that in turn enhance the effect of VEGF(165) on cell migration. The enhanced migration of hVSMCs was mediated through binding of VEGF(165) to both NRP-1 and VEGFR-2, as inhibition of VEGFR-2 on these cells blocked the effect of VEGF-mediated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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46
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Detillieux KA, Cattini PA, Kardami E. Beyond angiogenesis: the cardioprotective potential of fibroblast growth factor-2. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 82:1044-52. [PMID: 15644945 DOI: 10.1139/y04-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the field of cardiovascular research, a number of independent approaches have been explored to protect the heart from acute and chronic ischemic damage. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) recently has received considerable attention with respect to its angiogenic potential. While therapeutic angiogenesis may serve to salvage chronically ischemic myocardium, more acute treatments are in demand to increase cardiac resistance to injury (preconditioning) and to guard against secondary injury after an acute ischemic insult. Here, we look beyond the angiogenic potential of FGF-2 and examine its acute cardioprotective activity as demonstrated under experimental conditions, both as an agent of a preconditioning-like response and for secondary injury prevention at the time of reperfusion. Factors to consider in moving to the clinical setting will be discussed, including issues of dosage, treatment duration, and routes of administration. Finally, issues of safety and clinical trial design will be considered. The prospect of such a multipotent growth factor having clinical usefulness opens the door to effective treatment of both acute and chronic ischemic heart disease, something well worth the attention of the cardiovascular community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Detillieux
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, 730 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3J7, Canada.
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47
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Li L, Mamputu JC, Wiernsperger N, Renier G. Signaling pathways involved in human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression induced by leptin: inhibitory effect of metformin. Diabetes 2005; 54:2227-34. [PMID: 15983226 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that high concentrations of leptin observed in obesity and diabetes may contribute to their adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Metformin monotherapy is associated with reduced macrovascular complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. It is uncertain whether such improvement in the cardiovascular outcome is related to specific vasculoprotective effects of this drug. In the present study, we determined the effect of leptin on human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression, the signaling pathways mediating these effects, and the modulatory effect of metformin on these parameters. Incubation of HASMCs with leptin enhanced the proliferation and MMP-2 expression in these cells and increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects were abolished by vitamin E. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC) suppressed the effect of leptin on ROS production. In HASMCs, leptin induced PKC, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and inhibition of these signaling pathways abrogated HASMC proliferation and MMP-2 expression induced by this hormone. Treatment of HASMCs with metformin decreased leptin-induced ROS production and activation of PKC, ERK1/2, and NF-kappaB. Metformin also inhibited the effect of leptin on HASMC proliferation and MMP-2 expression. Overall, these results demonstrate that leptin induced HASMC proliferation and MMP-2 expression through a PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase with subsequent activation of the ERK1/2/NF-kappaB pathways and that therapeutic metformin concentrations effectively inhibit these biological effects. These results suggest a new mechanism by which metformin may improve cardiovascular outcome in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- CHUM Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, 1560 Sherbrooke St. East, Room Y-3622, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2L 4M1
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48
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Remillard CV, Yuan JXJ. PGE2 and PAR-1 in pulmonary fibrosis: a case of biting the hand that feeds you? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 288:L789-92. [PMID: 15821019 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00016.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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49
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Mehrhof FB, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Dietz R, Scheidereit C. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of NF-kappaB revisited. Circ Res 2005; 96:958-64. [PMID: 15831813 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000166924.31219.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-kappaB regulates cell cycle progression and proliferation in a number of cell types. An important unresolved issue is the potential role of NF-kappaB in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) as a basis for the development of vascular disease. To investigate the contribution of NF-kappaB to mitogen-induced proliferation of VSMCs, a knock-in mouse model expressing the NF-kappaB superrepressor IkappaBalphaDeltaN (c(IkappaBalphaDeltaN)) was used. Comparing wild-type and IkappaBalphaDeltaN-expressing VSMCs, we found that proliferation rates did not differ after mitogenic stimulation by platelet-derived growth-factor-BB (PDGF-BB) or serum. In line with this, NF-kappaB activation was not observed in VSMCs derived from transgenic mice expressing an NF-kappaB-dependent lacZ reporter (c((Igk)3conalacZ)). We further show, that classical mitogenic signaling pathways (namely mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] and the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-OH-kinase [PI3K] pathways) control VSMC proliferation, but independently of NF-kappaB activation. In contrast to VSMCs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from IkappaBalphaDeltaN-expressing mice showed significantly impaired proliferation rates after mitogenic stimulation. This was reflected by strongly impaired cyclin D1 expression in serum-stimulated MEFs derived from (c(IkappaBalphaDeltaN)) mice. These results implicate that essential pathogenetic functions of NF-kappaB in the development of atherosclerosis involve apoptotic and inflammatory signaling of VSMCs rather than proliferation. They further provide genetic evidence for a cell-type restricted requirement of NF-kappaB in the control of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix B Mehrhof
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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McLaughlin JN, Mazzoni MR, Cleator JH, Earls L, Perdigoto AL, Brooks JD, Muldowney JAS, Vaughan DE, Hamm HE. Thrombin modulates the expression of a set of genes including thrombospondin-1 in human microvascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:22172-80. [PMID: 15817447 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m500721200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein that affects vasculature systems such as platelet activation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Increases in THBS1 expression have been liked to disease states including tumor progression, atherosclerosis, and arthritis. The present study focuses on the effects of thrombin activation of the G-protein-coupled, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) on THBS1 gene expression in the microvascular endothelium. Thrombin-induced changes in gene expression were characterized by microarray analysis of approximately 11,000 different human genes in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Thrombin induced the expression of a set of at least 65 genes including THBS1. Changes in THBS1 mRNA correlated with an increase in the extracellular THBS1 protein concentration. The PAR-1-specific agonist peptide (TFLLRNK-PDK) mimicked thrombin stimulation of THBS1 expression, suggesting that thrombin signaling is through PAR-1. Further studies showed THBS1 expression was sensitive to pertussis toxin and protein kinase C inhibition indicating G(i/o)- and G(q)-mediated pathways. THBS1 up-regulation was also confirmed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with thrombin. Analysis of the promoter region of THBS1 and other genes of similar expression profile identified from the microarray predicted an EBOX/EGRF transcription model. Expression of members of each family, MYC and EGR1, respectively, correlated with THBS1 expression. These results suggest thrombin formed at sites of vascular injury increases THBS1 expression into the extracellular matrix via activation of a PAR-1, G(i/o), G(q), EBOX/EGRF-signaling cascade, elucidating regulatory points that may play a role in increased THBS1 expression in disease states.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Diphosphate/chemistry
- Algorithms
- Amides/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Cells, Cultured
- Cluster Analysis
- Culture Media
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electric Impedance
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Maleimides/pharmacology
- Microcirculation/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Peptides/chemistry
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA/metabolism
- Receptor, PAR-1/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Thrombin/chemistry
- Thrombin/metabolism
- Thrombospondin 1/biosynthesis
- Time Factors
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 444 Robinson Research Building, 23rd Avenue South at Pierce, Nashville, TN 37232 , USA.
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