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Sirois JP, Heinz A. Matrikines in the skin: Origin, effects, and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108682. [PMID: 38917886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex multi-component environment that has a decisive influence on the biomechanical properties of tissues and organs. Depending on the tissue, ECM components are subject to a homeostasis of synthesis and degradation, a subtle interplay that is influenced by external factors and the intrinsic aging process and is often disturbed in pathologies. Upon proteolytic cleavage of ECM proteins, small bioactive peptides termed matrikines can be formed. These bioactive peptides play a crucial role in cell signaling and contribute to the dynamic regulation of both physiological and pathological processes such as tissue remodeling and repair as well as inflammatory responses. In the skin, matrikines exert an influence for instance on cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation as well as vasodilation, angiogenesis and protein expression. Due to their manifold functions, matrikines represent promising leads for developing new therapeutic options for the treatment of skin diseases. This review article gives a comprehensive overview on matrikines in the skin, including their origin in the dermal ECM, their biological effects and therapeutic potential for the treatment of skin pathologies such as melanoma, chronic wounds and inflammatory skin diseases or for their use in anti-aging cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Sirois
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Bonadio JD, Bashiri G, Halligan P, Kegel M, Ahmed F, Wang K. Delivery technologies for therapeutic targeting of fibronectin in autoimmunity and fibrosis applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115303. [PMID: 38588958 PMCID: PMC11111362 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributing to various physiological processes, including tissue repair and immune response regulation. FN regulates various cellular functions such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cytokine release. Alterations in FN expression, deposition, and molecular structure can profoundly impact its interaction with other ECM proteins, growth factors, cells, and associated signaling pathways, thus influencing the progress of diseases such as fibrosis and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, developing therapeutics that directly target FN or its interaction with cells and other ECM components can be an intriguing approach to address autoimmune and fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Bonadio
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ghazal Bashiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Halligan
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Kegel
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatima Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karin Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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3
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Bale S, Verma P, Varga J, Bhattacharyya S. Extracellular Matrix-Derived Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP): Implications in Systemic Sclerosis and Fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1877-1885. [PMID: 37452808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are intracellular molecules released under cellular stress or recurring tissue injury, which serve as endogenous ligands for toll-like receptors (TLRs). Such DAMPs are either actively secreted by immune cells or passively released into the extracellular environment from damaged cells or generated as alternatively spliced mRNA variants of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins. When recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLRs, DAMPs trigger innate immune responses. Currently, the best-characterized PRRs include, in addition to TLRs, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, RIG-I-like RNA helicases, C-type lectin receptors, and many more. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis in multiple organs. Using an unbiased survey for SSc-associated DAMPs, we have identified the ECM glycoproteins fibronectin-containing extra domain A and tenascin C as the most highly upregulated in SSc skin and lung biopsies. These DAMPs activate TLR4 on resident stromal cells to elicit profibrotic responses and sustained myofibroblasts activation resulting in progressive fibrosis. This review summarizes the current understanding of the complex functional roles of DAMPs in the progression and failure of resolution of fibrosis in general, with a particular focus on SSc, and considers viable therapeutic approaches targeting DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Bale
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Varga
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Swati Bhattacharyya
- Michigan Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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4
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Li H, Ghorbani S, Ling CC, Yong VW, Xue M. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and recovery in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106282. [PMID: 37683956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has two major subtypes: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing to the extent of brain injury but also in its repair. Neuroinflammation is intricately linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is profoundly altered after brain injury and in aging. In the early stages after ischemic stroke and ICH, immune cells are involved in the deposition and remodeling of the ECM thereby affecting processes such as blood-brain barrier and cellular integrity. ECM components regulate leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, activate a variety of immune cells, and induce the elevation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after stroke. In turn, excessive MMPs may degrade ECM into components that are pro-inflammatory and injurious. Conversely, in the later stages after stroke, several ECM molecules may contribute to tissue recovery. For example, thrombospondin-1 and biglycan may promote activity of regulatory T cells, inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and aid regenerative processes. We highlight these roles of the ECM in ischemic stroke and ICH and discuss their potential cellular and molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss therapeutics that could be considered to normalize the ECM in stroke. Our goal is to spur research on the ECM in order to improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Maddali P, Ambesi A, McKeown-Longo PJ. Induction of pro-inflammatory genes by fibronectin DAMPs in three fibroblast cell lines: Role of TAK1 and MAP kinases. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286390. [PMID: 37228128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the organization and structure of the fibronectin matrix are believed to contribute to dysregulated wound healing and subsequent tissue inflammation and tissue fibrosis. These changes include an increase in the EDA isoform of fibronectin as well as the mechanical unfolding of fibronectin type III domains. In previous studies using embryonic foreskin fibroblasts, we have shown that fibronectin's EDA domain (FnEDA) and the partially unfolded first Type III domain (FnIII-1c) function as Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) molecules to stimulate the induction of inflammatory cytokines by serving as agonists for Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4). However, the role of signaling molecules downstream of TLR-4 such as TGF-β Activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) and Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) in regulating the expression of fibronectin DAMP induced inflammatory genes in specific cell types is not known. In the current study, we evaluate the molecular steps regulating the fibronectin driven induction of inflammatory genes in three human fibroblast cell lines: embryonic foreskin, adult dermal, and adult kidney. The fibronectin derived DAMPs each induce the phosphorylation and activation of TAK1 which results in the activation of two downstream signaling arms, IKK/NF-κB and MAPK. Using the specific inhibitor 5Z-(7)-Oxozeanol as well as siRNA, we show TAK1 to be a crucial signaling mediator in the release of cytokines in response to fibronectin DAMPs in all three cell types. Finally, we show that FnEDA and FnIII-1c induce several pro-inflammatory cytokines whose expression is dependent on both TAK1 and JNK MAPK and highlight cell-type specific differences in the gene-expression profiles of the fibroblast cell-lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Maddali
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Anthony Ambesi
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Paula J McKeown-Longo
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
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6
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Long J, Qin Z, Chen G, Song B, Zhang Z. Decellularized extracellular matrix (d-ECM): the key role of the inflammatory process in pre-regeneration after implantation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1215-1235. [PMID: 36625281 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical medicine is encountering the challenge of repairing soft-tissue defects. Currently, natural and synthetic materials have been developed as natural scaffolds. Among them, the decellularized extracellular matrix (d-ECM) can achieve tissue remodeling following injury and, thus, replace defects due to its advantages of the extensiveness of the source and excellent biological and mechanical properties. However, by analyzing the existing decellularization techniques, we found that different preparation methods directly affect the residual components of the d-ECM, and further have different effects on inflammation and regeneration of soft tissues. Therefore, we analyzed the role of different residual components of the d-ECM after decellularization. Then, we explored the inflammatory process and immune cells in an attempt to understand the mechanisms and causes of tissue degeneration and regeneration after transplantation. In this paper, we summarize the current studies related to updated protocols for the preparation of the d-ECM, biogenic and exogenous residual substances, inflammation, and immune cells influencing the fate of the d-ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Long
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zijin Qin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ziang Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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He J, Steffen JH, Thulstrup PW, Pedersen JN, Sauerland MB, Otzen DE, Hawkins CL, Gourdon P, Davies MJ, Hägglund P. Anastellin impacts on the processing of extracellular matrix fibronectin and stimulates release of cytokines from coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22051. [PMID: 36543832 PMCID: PMC9772232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastellin, a recombinant protein fragment from the first type III module of fibronectin, mimics a partially unfolded intermediate implicated in the assembly of fibronectin fibrils. Anastellin influences the structure of fibronectin and initiates in vitro fibrillation, yielding "superfibronectin", a polymer with enhanced cell-adhesive properties. This ability is absent in an anastellin double mutant, L37AY40A. Here we demonstrate that both wild-type and L37AY40A anastellin affect fibronectin processing within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of smooth muscle cells. Fibronectin fibrils are diminished in the ECM from cells treated with anastellin, but are partially rescued by supplementation with plasma fibronectin in cell media. Proteomic analyses reveal that anastellin also impacts on the processing of other ECM proteins, with increased collagen and decreased laminin detected in media from cells exposed to wild-type anastellin. Moreover, both anastellin forms stimulate release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6. At the molecular level, L37AY40A does not exhibit major perturbations of structural features relative to wild-type anastellin, though the mutant showed differences in heparin binding characteristics. These findings indicate that wild-type and L37AY40A anastellin share similar molecular features but elicit slightly different, but partially overlapping, responses in smooth muscle cells resulting in altered secretion of cytokines and proteins involved in ECM processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei He
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Hyld Steffen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.432104.0Present Address: Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Sønderupvej 26, 6920 Videbæk, Denmark
| | - Max B. Sauerland
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J. Davies
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Kanta J, Zavadakova A, Sticova E, Dubsky M. Fibronectin in hyperglycaemia and its potential use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A review. Int Wound J 2022; 20:1750-1761. [PMID: 36537075 PMCID: PMC10088845 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of fibronectin, the protein that plays a key role in the healing of wounds, is changed in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibronectin can interact with other proteins and proteoglycans and organise them to form the extracellular matrix, the basis of the granulation tissue in healing wounds. However, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) suffer from inadequate deposition of this protein. Degradation prevails over fibronectin synthesis in the proteolytic inflammatory environment in the ulcers. Because of the lack of fibronectin in the wound bed, the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the deposition of the granulation tissue cannot be started. A number of methods have been designed that prevents fibronectin degradation, replace lacking fibronectin or support its formation in non-healing wounds in animal models of diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the metabolism of fibronectin in DFUs and to emphasise that it would be useful to pay more attention to fibronectin matrix assembly in the ulcers when laboratory methods are translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kanta
- Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavadakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dubsky
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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9
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Fibronectin Functions as a Selective Agonist for Distinct Toll-like Receptors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132074. [PMID: 35805158 PMCID: PMC9265717 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of tumors is characterized by structural changes in the fibronectin matrix, which include increased deposition of the EDA isoform of fibronectin and the unfolding of the fibronectin Type III domains. The impact of these structural changes on tumor progression is not well understood. The fibronectin EDA (FnEDA) domain and the partially unfolded first Type III domain of fibronectin (FnIII-1c) have been identified as endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), which induce innate immune responses by serving as agonists for Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). Using two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, we show that FnEDA and FnIII-1c induce the pro-tumorigenic cytokine, IL-8, by serving as agonists for TLR5 and TLR2, the canonical receptors for bacterial flagellin and lipoprotein, respectively. We also find that FnIII-1c is not recognized by MDA-MB-468 cells but is recognized by MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting a cell type rather than ligand specific utilization of TLRs. As IL-8 plays a major role in the progression of TNBC, these studies suggest that tumor-induced structural changes in the fibronectin matrix promote an inflammatory microenvironment conducive to metastatic progression.
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10
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Hassanein SS, Abdel-Mawgood AL, Ibrahim SA. EGFR-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Protein Interactions Might Light a Candle in Cell Behavior of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766659. [PMID: 34976811 PMCID: PMC8714827 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death and is associated with a poor prognosis. Lung cancer is divided into 2 main types: the major in incidence is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the minor is small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although NSCLC progression depends on driver mutations, it is also affected by the extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that activate their corresponding signaling molecules in concert with integrins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These signaling molecules include cytoplasmic kinases, small GTPases, adapter proteins, and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), particularly the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In NSCLC, the interplay between ECM and EGFR regulates ECM stiffness, angiogenesis, survival, adhesion, migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, some tumor-promoting ECM components (e.g., glycoproteins and proteoglycans) enhance activation of EGFR and loss of PTEN. On the other hand, other tumor-suppressing glycoproteins and -proteoglycans can inhibit EGFR activation, suppressing cell invasion and migration. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying EGFR and ECM interactions might provide a better understanding of disease pathobiology and aid in developing therapeutic strategies. This review critically discusses the crosstalk between EGFR and ECM affecting cell behavior of NSCLC, as well as the involvement of ECM components in developing resistance to EGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sayed Hassanein
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Lotfy Abdel-Mawgood
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Ghorbani S, Yong VW. The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2021; 144:1958-1973. [PMID: 33889940 PMCID: PMC8370400 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination failure contributes to axonal loss and progression of disability in multiple sclerosis. The failed repair process could be due to ongoing toxic neuroinflammation and to an inhibitory lesion microenvironment that prevents recruitment and/or differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. The extracellular matrix molecules deposited into lesions provide both an altered microenvironment that inhibits oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and a fuel that exacerbates inflammatory responses within lesions. In this review, we discuss the extracellular matrix and where its molecules are normally distributed in an uninjured adult brain, specifically at the basement membranes of cerebral vessels, in perineuronal nets that surround the soma of certain populations of neurons, and in interstitial matrix between neural cells. We then highlight the deposition of different extracellular matrix members in multiple sclerosis lesions, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, collagens, laminins, fibronectin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin and others. We consider reasons behind changes in extracellular matrix components in multiple sclerosis lesions, mainly due to deposition by cells such as reactive astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. We next discuss the consequences of an altered extracellular matrix in multiple sclerosis lesions. Besides impairing oligodendrocyte recruitment, many of the extracellular matrix components elevated in multiple sclerosis lesions are pro-inflammatory and they enhance inflammatory processes through several mechanisms. However, molecules such as thrombospondin-1 may counter inflammatory processes, and laminins appear to favour repair. Overall, we emphasize the crosstalk between the extracellular matrix, immune responses and remyelination in modulating lesions for recovery or worsening. Finally, we review potential therapeutic approaches to target extracellular matrix components to reduce detrimental neuroinflammation and to promote recruitment and maturation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells to enhance remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Wirth F, Lubosch A, Hamelmann S, Nakchbandi IA. Fibronectin and Its Receptors in Hematopoiesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122717. [PMID: 33353083 PMCID: PMC7765895 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix protein that is produced by many cell types in the bone marrow and distributed throughout it. Cells of the stem cell niche produce the various isoforms of this protein. Fibronectin not only provides the cells a scaffold to bind to, but it also modulates their behavior by binding to receptors on the adjacent hematopoietic stem cells and stromal cells. These receptors, which include integrins such as α4β1, α9β1, α4β7, α5β1, αvβ3, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and CD44, are found on the hematopoietic stem cell. Because the knockout of fibronectin is lethal during embryonal development and because fibronectin is produced by almost all cell types in mammals, the study of its role in hematopoiesis is difficult. Nevertheless, strong and direct evidence exists for its stimulation of myelopoiesis and thrombopoiesis using in vivo models. Other reviewed effects can be deduced from the study of fibronectin receptors, which showed their activation modifies the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells. Erythropoiesis was only stimulated under hemolytic stress, and mostly late stages of lymphocytic differentiation were modulated. Because fibronectin is ubiquitously expressed, these interactions in health and disease need to be taken into account whenever any molecule is evaluated in hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wirth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.W.); (A.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Alexander Lubosch
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.W.); (A.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hamelmann
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.W.); (A.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Inaam A. Nakchbandi
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.W.); (A.L.); (S.H.)
- Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-622-156-8744
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13
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Giblin SP, Schwenzer A, Midwood KS. Alternative splicing controls cell lineage-specific responses to endogenous innate immune triggers within the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol 2020; 93:95-114. [PMID: 32599145 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of barely more than 20,000 human genes was amongst the most surprising outcomes of the human genome project. Alternative splicing provides an essential means of expanding the proteome, enabling a single gene to encode multiple, distinct isoforms by selective inclusion or exclusion of exons from mature mRNA. However, mis-regulation of this process is associated with most human diseases. Here, we examine the impact of post-transcriptional processing on extracellular matrix function, focusing on the complex alternative splicing patterns of tenascin-C, a molecule that can exist in as many as 500 different isoforms. We demonstrate that the pro-inflammatory activity of this endogenous innate immune trigger is controlled by inclusion or exclusion of a novel immunomodulatory site located within domains AD2AD1, identifying this as a mechanism that prevents unnecessary inflammation in healthy tissues but enables rapid immune cell mobilization and activation upon tissue damage, and defining how this goes awry in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Giblin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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14
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Cho C, Horzempa C, Longo CM, Peters DM, Jones DM, McKeown-Longo PJ. Fibronectin in the Tumor Microenvironment Activates a TLR4-dependent Inflammatory Response in Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:3099-3105. [PMID: 32231714 PMCID: PMC7097952 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors plays an essential role in tumor progression. In lung cancer, the stromal cells produce a fibronectin rich extracellular matrix which is known to contribute to both tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Due to its conformational lability, fibronectin is considerably remodeled by the contractile forces of the fibrotic microenvironment within the tumor stroma. As a result, the secondary structure of fibronectin's Type III domains is disrupted and the molecule becomes highly stretched. The contribution/impact of these strained forms of fibronectin on tumor growth and metastasis is not known. In the current study we show that the partially unfolded first Type III domain of fibronectin, III-1c, activates a toll-receptor/NF-κB pathway leading to an increase in the expression of IL-8. Using a 3-D model of tumor-associated extracellular matrix, we demonstrate that lung cancer cells seeded onto this matrix activate a TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway leading to a robust increase in the release of IL-8. Cytokine release by these cells is completely dependent on the presence of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix. These findings suggest that paracrine signaling between the tumor and the stromal myofibroblasts causes a remodeling of the matrix fibronectin into a strained conformation which supports the activation of a TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway resulting in the upregulation of fibro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cho
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Carol Horzempa
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Christine M. Longo
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Donna M. Peters
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David M. Jones
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
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15
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Zheng M, Ambesi A, J. McKeown-Longo P. Role of TLR4 Receptor Complex in the Regulation of the Innate Immune Response by Fibronectin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010216. [PMID: 31952223 PMCID: PMC7017243 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and subsequent tissue fibrosis are associated with a biochemical and mechanical remodeling of the fibronectin matrix. Due to its conformational lability, fibronectin is considerably stretched by the contractile forces of the fibrotic microenvironment, resulting in the unfolding of its Type III domains. In earlier studies, we have shown that a peptide mimetic of a partially unfolded fibronectin Type III domain, FnIII-1c, functions as a Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) molecule to induce activation of a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-B pathway and the subsequent release of fibro-inflammatory cytokines from human dermal fibroblasts. In the current study, we evaluated the requirement of the canonical TLR4/MD2/CD14 receptor complex in the regulation of FnIII-1c induced cytokine release. Using dermal fibroblasts and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells, we found that all the components of the TLR4/MD2/CD14 complex were required for the release of the fibro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 8 (IL-8) in response to both FnIII-1c and the canonical TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, FnIII-1c mediated IL-8 release was strictly dependent on membrane-associated CD14, while LPS could use soluble CD14. These findings demonstrate that LPS and FnIII-1c share a similar but not identical mechanism of TLR4 activation in human dermal fibroblasts.
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16
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Profile of Matrix-Remodeling Proteinases in Osteoarthritis: Impact of Fibronectin. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010040. [PMID: 31877874 PMCID: PMC7017325 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and specialized three-dimensional macromolecular network, present in nearly all tissues, that also interacts with cell surface receptors on joint resident cells. Changes in the composition and physical properties of the ECM lead to the development of many diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a chronic degenerative rheumatic disease characterized by a progressive loss of synovial joint function as a consequence of the degradation of articular cartilage, also associated with alterations in the synovial membrane and subchondral bone. During OA, ECM-degrading enzymes, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs), cleave ECM components, such as fibronectin (Fn), generating fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs) with catabolic properties. In turn, Fn-fs promote activation of these proteinases, establishing a degradative and inflammatory feedback loop. Thus, the aim of this review is to update the contribution of ECM-degrading proteinases to the physiopathology of OA as well as their modulation by Fn-fs.
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17
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Prasad A, Lin F, Clark RAF. Fibronectin-derived Epiviosamines enhance PDGF-BB-stimulated human dermal fibroblast migration in vitro and granulation tissue formation in vivo. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:634-649. [PMID: 31219655 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a multimodular glycoprotein that is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) anlage during embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound repair. Our laboratory has previously described a family of FN-derived peptides collectively called "epiviosamines" that enhance platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-driven tissue cell survival, speed burn healing, and reduce scarring. In this study, we used an agarose drop outmigration assay to report that epiviosamines can enhance PDGF-BB-stimulated adult human dermal fibroblast (AHDF) outmigration in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these peptides can, when delivered topically, stimulate granulation tissue formation in vivo. A thiol-derivatized hyaluronan hydrogel cross-linked with polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) was used to topically deliver a cyclized epiviosamine: cP12 and a cyclized engineered variant of cP12 termed cNP8 to porcine, full-thickness, excisional wounds. Both cP12 and cNP8 exhibited dose-dependent increases in granulation tissue formation at day 4, with 600 μM cNP8 significantly enhancing new granulation tissue compared to vehicle alone. In contrast to previous studies, this study suggests that epiviosamines can be used to increase granulation tissue formation without an exogenous supply of PDGF-BB or any cell-binding peptides. Thus, epiviosamine may be useful topically to increase granulation tissue formation in acute wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atulya Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,NeoMatrix Therapeutics, Inc., 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York, 11790
| | - Fubao Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,NeoMatrix Therapeutics, Inc., 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, New York, 11790
| | - Richard A F Clark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,Department of Dermatology, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165.,Department of Medicine, Health Science Center T16-060, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8165
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18
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Abstract
Cells need to be anchored to extracellular matrix (ECM) to survive, yet the role of ECM in guiding developmental processes, tissue homeostasis, and aging has long been underestimated. How ECM orchestrates the deterioration of healthy to pathological tissues, including fibrosis and cancer, also remains poorly understood. Inquiring how alterations in ECM fiber tension might drive these processes is timely, as mechanobiology is a rapidly growing field, and many novel mechanisms behind the mechanical forces that can regulate protein, cell, and tissue functions have recently been deciphered. The goal of this article is to review how forces can switch protein functions, and thus cell signaling, and thereby inspire new approaches to exploit the mechanobiology of ECM in regenerative medicine as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Some of the mechanochemical switching concepts described here for ECM proteins are more general and apply to intracellular proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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19
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Fei D, Meng X, Yu W, Yang S, Song N, Cao Y, Jin S, Dong L, Pan S, Zhao M. Fibronectin (FN) cooperated with TLR2/TLR4 receptor to promote innate immune responses of macrophages via binding to integrin β1. Virulence 2018; 9:1588-1600. [PMID: 30272511 PMCID: PMC7000207 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1528841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages could adhere to extracellular matrix molecules(ECM) to induce the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis that contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary infection diseases. Fibronectin (FN) is a large glycoprotein capable of interacting with various ECM molecules produced by a variety of cell types and involved in cell attachment and chemotaxis. However, it is unknown whether FN regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis of macrophages in the injured lung tissue. Here, we investigated the interaction between FN and integrin β1 in macrophages, which promotes toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/TLR4) signaling pathways to enhance expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis by macrophages. Our results show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) significantly increase FN expression of macrophages; FN substantially enhances interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1/2 (Rac1/2), and cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42) expression and phagocytosis of macrophages. However, FN could not enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis of macrophages induced by LPS and PGN in integrin β1-/- macrophages. Furthermore, applied integrin β1 blocking peptide abrogated the effects that FN promotes innate immune responses of macrophages to LPS and PGN. Those data indicated that the enhanced pro-inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis of macrophages by FN-integrin β1 signal was through co-operating with TLR2/TLR4 signaling. This study suggests that FN play an essential role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary infection disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Fei
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianglin Meng
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhui Cao
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songgen Jin
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Department of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shangha Pan
- The Key Hepatosplenic Surgery Laboratory, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of ICU, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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20
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Valenty LM, Longo CM, Horzempa C, Ambesi A, McKeown-Longo PJ. TLR4 Ligands Selectively Synergize to Induce Expression of IL-8. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2017; 6:309-319. [PMID: 29062588 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Dysfunctional remodeling of the extracellular matrix contributes to the formation of TLR-dependent feed forward loops that drive chronic inflammation. We have previously shown that two Type III domains of Fibronectin, FnEDA and FnIII-1c, cooperate to induce the synergistic release of interleukin 8 (IL-8) from dermal fibroblasts. We now identify steps in the TLR4 pathway where synergy can be demonstrated as well as additional kinases functioning in fibronectin activation of TLR4 signaling. We also evaluate the ligand and cell-type specificity of this synergistic response. Approach: FnEDA, FnIII-1c, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced genes in fibroblasts were analyzed by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kinases functioning in gene expression were identified by using specific inhibitors. Activated TLR4-dependent effector molecules were identified by cell fractionation and Western blot and quantified by image analysis. Results: The addition of FnEDA and FnIII-1c to dermal fibroblasts resulted in a synergistic increase in the expression of IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1). Synergy between these domains was detected at the level of nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and inhibitor of kappa B kinase (IKK) activation. Induction of IL-8 by fibronectin ligands was partially attenuated in the presence of inhibitors to either epidermal growth factor receptor or Src kinases. FnIII-1c also synergized with LPS to induce IL-8 in dermal fibroblasts, whereas the combined effect of FnEDA and LPS on IL-8 synthesis was additive. In contrast, synergistic responses to these ligands were not observed in THP-1 monocytic cells. Innovation: The data suggest that chronic inflammation may be driven by matrix- and pathogen-derived TLR4 ligands that work in synergy to promote an exuberant innate response. Conclusion: The data suggest that the molecular mechanism underlying synergistic responses to TLR4 ligands lies upstream of IKK activation, likely in the molecular composition of the TLR4 receptor complex that assembles in response to each ligand. In addition, synergistic responses to TLR4 activation may be both cell-type and ligand specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Valenty
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Christine M. Longo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Carol Horzempa
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Anthony Ambesi
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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21
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Bhattacharyya S, Midwood KS, Yin H, Varga J. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling Drives Persistent Fibroblast Activation and Prevents Fibrosis Resolution in Scleroderma. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2017; 6:356-369. [PMID: 29062592 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: This review provides current overview of the emerging role of innate immunity in driving fibrosis, and preventing its resolution, in scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc). Understanding the mechanisms of dysregulated innate immunity in fibrosis and SSc will provide opportunities for therapeutic interventions using novel agents and repurposed existing drugs. Recent Advances: New insights from genomic and genetic studies implicate components of innate immune signaling such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), downstream signaling intermediates, and endogenous inhibitors, in fibrosis in SSc. Recent studies distinguish innate immune signaling in tissue-resident myofibroblasts and bone marrow-derived immune cells and define their roles in the development and persistence of tissue fibrosis. Critical Issues: Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other PRR mechanisms occurs in resident nonimmune cells within injured tissue microenvironments. These cells respond to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as tenascin-C that are recognized as danger signals, and elicit matrix production, cytokine secretion, and myofibroblast transformation and survival. When these responses persist due to constitutive TLR activation or impaired termination by endogenous inhibitors, they interfere with fibrosis resolution. The genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of these phenomena in the context of fibrosis are under current investigation. Future Directions: Precise delineation of the pathogenic DAMPs, their interaction with TLRs and other PRRs, the downstream signaling pathways and transcriptional events, and the fibroblast-specific regulation and function of endogenous inhibitors of innate immunity, will form the foundation for innovative targeted therapies to block fibrosis by reestablishing balanced innate immune signaling in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Bio Frontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Bhattacharyya S, Varga J. Endogenous ligands of TLR4 promote unresolving tissue fibrosis: Implications for systemic sclerosis and its targeted therapy. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:9-17. [PMID: 28964818 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the hallmark of scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc), is a complex, dynamic and generally irreversible pathophysiological process that leads to tissue disruption, and lacks effective therapy. While early-stage fibrosis resembles normal wound healing, in SSc fibrosis fails to resolve. Innate immune signaling via toll-like receptors (TLRs) has recently emerged as a key driver of persistent fibrotic response in SSc. Recurrent injury in genetically predisposed individual causes generation of "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) such as fibronectin-EDA and tenascin-C. Sensing of these danger signals by TLR4 on resident cells elicits potent stimulatory effects on fibrotic gene expression and myofibroblast differentiation, and appears to sensitize fibroblasts to the profibrotic stimulatory effect of TGF-β. Thus, DAMPs induce TLR4-mediated innate immune signaling on resident mesenchymal cells which drives the emergence and persistence of fibrotic cells in tissues, and underlies the switch from a self-limited repair response to non-resolving pathological fibrosis characteristic of SSc. In this review, we present current views of the DAMP-TLR4 axis in driving sustained fibroblasts activation and its pathogenic roles in fibrosis progression in SSc, and potential anti-fibrotic approaches for selective therapeutic targeting of TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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23
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Kelsh-Lasher RM, Ambesi A, Bertram C, McKeown-Longo PJ. Integrin α4β1 and TLR4 Cooperate to Induce Fibrotic Gene Expression in Response to Fibronectin's EDA Domain. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2505-2512. [PMID: 28842322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of fibronectin increases expression of the EDA+ isoform of fibronectin (EDA+Fn), a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, which promotes fibro-inflammatory disease through the activation of toll-like receptors. Our studies indicate that the fibronectin EDA domain drives two waves of gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. The first wave, seen at 2 hours, consisted of inflammatory genes, VCAM1, and tumor necrosis factor. The second wave, evaluated at 24 hours, was composed of the fibrosis-associated cytokines IL-10 and IL-13 and extracellular matrix genes fibronectin and osteopontin. Gene expression was coordinately regulated by the α4β1 integrin and the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4. Additionally, we found a significant toll-like receptor 4/α4β1-dependent enrichment in the ratio of EDA+Fn to total fibronectin in response to EDA, consistent with EDA+Fn initiating further production of EDA+Fn. Our data also suggest that the EDA/α4β1 integrin interaction primes the cell for an enhanced response to toll-like receptor 4 ligands. Our studies provide evidence that remodeling of the fibronectin matrix in injured or diseased tissue elicits an EDA-dependent fibro-inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. The data suggest a paradigm of damage-associated molecular pattern-based signaling whereby damage-associated molecular pattern binding integrins cooperate with innate immune receptors to stimulate inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon M Kelsh-Lasher
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Ambesi
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ceyda Bertram
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paula J McKeown-Longo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.
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24
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Inhibition of pro-/active MMP-2 by green tea catechins and prediction of their interaction by molecular docking studies. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:111-122. [PMID: 28013477 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in developing different types of lung diseases, e.g., pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Green tea polyphenolic catechins such as EGCG and ECG have been shown to ameliorate various types of diseases including PAH. Our present study revealed that among the four green tea catechins (EGCG, ECG, EC, and EGC), EGCG and ECG inhibit pro-/active MMP-2 activities in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) culture supernatant. Based on the above, we investigated the interactions of pro-/active MMP-2 with the green tea catechins by computational methods. In silico analysis revealed a strong interaction of pro-/active MMP-2 with EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group has been observed to be responsible for this interaction. The in silico analysis corroborated our experimental observation that EGCG and ECG are active in preventing both the proMMP-2 and MMP-2 activities. Importantly, these two catechins appeared to be better inhibitors for proMMP-2 in comparison to MMP-2 as revealed by gelatin zymogram and also by molecular docking studies. In many type of cells, activation of proMMP-2 occurs via an increase in the level of MT1-MMP (MMP-14). We, therefore, determined the interactions of MT1-MMP with the green tea catechins by molecular docking analysis. The study revealed a strong interaction of MT1-MMP with EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group has been observed to be responsible for the interaction.
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25
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Mallinson D, Cheung DL, Simionesie D, Mullen AB, Zhang ZJ, Lamprou DA. Experimental and computational examination of anastellin (FnIII1c)-polymer interactions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:737-745. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Mallinson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS); University of Strathclyde; 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - David L. Cheung
- School of Chemistry; National University of Ireland; Galway, University Road Galway Ireland
| | - Dorin Simionesie
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Alexander B. Mullen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS); University of Strathclyde; 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Zhenyu J. Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios A. Lamprou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS); University of Strathclyde; 161 Cathedral Street Glasgow United Kingdom
- Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC); University of Strathclyde; Glasgow United Kingdom
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26
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Das DK, Naidoo M, Ilboudo A, Park JY, Ali T, Krampis K, Robinson BD, Osborne JR, Ogunwobi OO. miR-1207-3p regulates the androgen receptor in prostate cancer via FNDC1/fibronectin. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:190-200. [PMID: 27693493 PMCID: PMC5077722 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is frequently diagnosed in men, and dysregulation of microRNAs is characteristic of many cancers. MicroRNA-1207-3p is encoded at the non-protein coding gene locus PVT1 on the 8q24 human chromosomal region, an established PCa susceptibility locus. However, the role of microRNA-1207-3p in PCa is unclear. We discovered that microRNA-1207-3p is significantly underexpressed in PCa cell lines in comparison to normal prostate epithelial cells. Increased expression of microRNA-1207-3p in PCa cells significantly inhibits proliferation, migration, and induces apoptosis via direct molecular targeting of FNDC1, a protein which contains a conserved protein domain of fibronectin (FN1). FNDC1, FN1, and the androgen receptor (AR) are significantly overexpressed in PCa cell lines and human PCa, and positively correlate with aggressive PCa. Prostate tumor FN1 expression in patients that experienced PCa-specific death is significantly higher than in patients that remained alive. Furthermore, FNDC1, FN1 and AR are concomitantly overexpressed in metastatic PCa. Consequently, these studies have revealed a novel microRNA-1207-3p/FNDC1/FN1/AR regulatory pathway in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibash K Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle Naidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adeodat Ilboudo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jong Y Park
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Thahmina Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Konstantinos Krampis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olorunseun O Ogunwobi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Graduate Center Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Genome-wide association study for acute otitis media in children identifies FNDC1 as disease contributing gene. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12792. [PMID: 27677580 PMCID: PMC5052699 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is among the most common pediatric diseases, and the most frequent reason for antibiotic treatment in children. Risk of AOM is dependent on environmental and host factors, as well as a significant genetic component. We identify genome-wide significance at a locus on 6q25.3 (rs2932989, Pmeta=2.15 × 10−09), and show that the associated variants are correlated with the methylation status of the FNDC1 gene (cg05678571, P=1.43 × 10−06), and further show it is an eQTL for FNDC1 (P=9.3 × 10−05). The mouse homologue, Fndc1, is expressed in middle ear tissue and its expression is upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. In this first GWAS of AOM and the largest OM genetic study to date, we identify the first genome-wide significant locus associated with AOM. Acute otitis media (AOM) is an acute infection of middle ear mucosa and among the most common pediatric diseases. Here, the authors performed a genome-wide association study to link a variant in the FNDC1 locus on 6q25.3 and differential methylation status of the FNDC1 gene with predisposition to AOM.
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Sarkar J, Nandy SK, Chowdhury A, Chakraborti T, Chakraborti S. Inhibition of MMP-9 by green tea catechins and prediction of their interaction by molecular docking analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:340-347. [PMID: 27668533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenolic catechins have been shown to prevent various types of diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PAH), cancer and cardiac and neurological disorders. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the development of PAH. The present study demonstrated that among the four green tea catechins (EGCG, ECG, EC and EGC), EGCG and ECG inhibit pro-/active MMP-9 activities in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell culture supernatant. Based on the above, we investigated the interactions of pro-/active MMP-9 with the green tea catechins by computational methods. In silico molecular docking analysis revealed a strong interaction between pro-/active MMP-9 and EGCG/ECG, and galloyl group appears to be responsible for this enhanced interaction. The molecular docking studies corroborate our experimental observation that EGCG and ECG are mainly active in preventing both the proMMP-9 and MMP-9 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmay Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Suman Kumar Nandy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Animesh Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Pérez-García S, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, Seoane IV, Fernández J, Mellado M, Leceta J, Tío L, Villanueva-Romero R, Juarranz Y, Gomariz RP. Healthy and Osteoarthritic Synovial Fibroblasts Produce a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 4, 5, 7, and 12: Induction by IL-1β and Fibronectin and Contribution to Cartilage Damage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2449-61. [PMID: 27449198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current description of osteoarthritis includes the involvement of synovial inflammation. Studies contributing to understanding the mechanisms of cross-talk and feedback among the joint tissues could be relevant to the development of therapies that block disease progression. During osteoarthritis, synovial fibroblasts exposed to anomalous mechanical forces and an inflammatory microenvironment release factors such as a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) metalloproteinases that mediate tissue damage and perpetuate inflammation. We therefore studied the production of ADAMTS by synovial fibroblasts and their contribution to cartilage degradation. Moreover, we analyzed the implication of two mediators present in the osteoarthritis joint, IL-1β as proinflammatory cytokine, and 45-kDa fibronectin fragments as products of matrix degradation. We reported that synovial fibroblasts constitutively express and release ADAMTS 4, 5, 7, and 12. Despite the contribution of both mediators to the stimulation of Runx2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as to ADAMTS expression, promoting the degradation of aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein from cartilage, fibronectin fragments rather than IL-1β played the major pathological role in osteoarthritis, contributing to the maintenance of the disease. Moreover, higher levels of ADAMTS 4 and 7 and a specific regulation of ADAMTS-12 were observed in osteoarthritis, suggesting them as new potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, synovial fibroblasts provide the biochemical tools to the chronicity and destruction of the osteoarthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Pérez-García
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Cañas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iria V Seoane
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Fernández
- Traumatology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Medical Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Leceta
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Tío
- Cellular Inflammation and Cartilage Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Villanueva-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa P Gomariz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Sarkar J, Chowdhury A, Chakraborti T, Chakraborti S. Cross-talk between NADPH oxidase-PKCα-p(38)MAPK and NF-κB-MT1MMP in activating proMMP-2 by ET-1 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 415:13-28. [PMID: 26910780 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells with endothelin-1 (ET-1) caused an increase in the expression and activation of proMMP-2 in the cells. The present study was undertaken to determine the underlying mechanisms involved in this scenario. We demonstrated that (i) pretreatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin; PKC-α inhibitor, Go6976; p(38)MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-κB inhibitor, Bay11-7082 inhibited the expression and activation of proMMP-2 induced by ET-1; (ii) ET-1 treatment to the cells stimulated NADPH oxidase and PKCα activity, p(38)MAPK phosphorylation as well as NF-κB activation by translocation of NF-κBp65 subunit from cytosol to the nucleus, and subsequently by increasing its DNA-binding activity; (iii) ET-1 increases MT1-MMP expression, which was inhibited upon pretreatment with apocynin, Go6976, SB293580, and Bay 11-7082; (iv) ET-1 treatment to the cells downregulated TIMP-2 level. Although apocynin and Go6976 pretreatment reversed ET-1 effect on TIMP-2 level, yet pretreatment of the cells with SB203580 and Bay 11-7082 did not show any discernible change in TIMP-2 level by ET-1. Overall, our results suggest that ET-1-induced activation of proMMP-2 is mediated via cross-talk between NADPH oxidase-PKCα-p(38)MAPK and NFκB-MT1MMP signaling pathways along with a marked decrease in TIMP-2 expression in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganmay Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Animesh Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India.
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Hubbard B, Buczek-Thomas JA, Nugent MA, Smith ML. Fibronectin Fiber Extension Decreases Cell Spreading and Migration. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1728-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brant Hubbard
- Molecular Biology; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
| | | | - Matthew A. Nugent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts
| | - Michael L. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
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Chowdhury A, Sarkar J, Chakraborti T, Chakraborti S. Role of Spm-Cer-S1P signalling pathway in MMP-2 mediated U46619-induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: protective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:463-77. [PMID: 26486270 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During remodelling of pulmonary artery, marked proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) occurs, which contributes to pulmonary hypertension. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has been shown to produce pulmonary hypertension. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the TxA2 mimetic, U46619-induced proliferation of PASMCs. U46619 at a concentration of 10 nM induces maximum proliferation of bovine PASMCs. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of p(38)MAPK, NF-κB and MMP-2 significantly inhibit U46619-induced cell proliferation. EGCG markedly abrogate U46619-induced p(38)MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, proMMP-2 expression and activation, and also the cell proliferation. U46619 causes an increase in the activation of sphingomyelinase (SMase) and sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and also increase sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) level. U46619 also induces phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which phosphorylates SPHK leading to an increase in S1P level. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of SMase and SPHK markedly inhibit U46619-induced cell proliferation. Additionally, pharmacological and genetic inhibitors of MMP-2 markedly abrogate U46619-induced SMase activity and S1P level. EGCG markedly inhibit U46619-induced SMase activity, ERK1/2 and SPHK phosphorylation and S1P level in the cells. Overall, Sphingomyeline-Ceramide-Sphingosine-1-phosphate (Spm-Cer-S1P) signalling axis plays an important role in MMP-2 mediated U46619-induced proliferation of PASMCs. Importantly, EGCG inhibits U46619 induced increase in MMP-2 activation by modulating p(38)MAPK-NFκB pathway and subsequently prevents the cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Jaganmay Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sajal Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Hypertrophic scar contracture is mediated by the TRPC3 mechanical force transducer via NFkB activation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11620. [PMID: 26108359 PMCID: PMC4479825 DOI: 10.1038/srep11620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing process is a complex and highly orchestrated process that ultimately results in the formation of scar tissue. Hypertrophic scar contracture is considered to be a pathologic and exaggerated wound healing response that is known to be triggered by repetitive mechanical forces. We now show that Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) C3 regulates the expression of fibronectin, a key regulatory molecule involved in the wound healing process, in response to mechanical strain via the NFkB pathway. TRPC3 is highly expressed in human hypertrophic scar tissue and mechanical stimuli are known to upregulate TRPC3 expression in human skin fibroblasts in vitro. TRPC3 overexpressing fibroblasts subjected to repetitive stretching forces showed robust expression levels of fibronectin. Furthermore, mechanical stretching of TRPC3 overexpressing fibroblasts induced the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), a regulator fibronectin expression, which was able to be attenuated by pharmacologic blockade of either TRPC3 or NFκB. Finally, transplantation of TRPC3 overexpressing fibroblasts into mice promoted wound contraction and increased fibronectin levels in vivo. These observations demonstrate that mechanical stretching drives fibronectin expression via the TRPC3-NFkB axis, leading to intractable wound contracture. This model explains how mechanical strain on cutaneous wounds might contribute to pathologic scarring.
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Bryant CE, Gay NJ, Heymans S, Sacre S, Schaefer L, Midwood KS. Advances in Toll-like receptor biology: Modes of activation by diverse stimuli. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:359-79. [DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1033511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick J. Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,
- ICIN – Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | - Sandra Sacre
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK,
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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35
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Fibulin1C peptide induces cell attachment and extracellular matrix deposition in lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9496. [PMID: 25834989 PMCID: PMC5381689 DOI: 10.1038/srep09496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-1 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, levels of which are elevated in serum and lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to healthy volunteers. Inhibition of fibulin-1C, one of four fibulin-1 isoforms, reduced proliferation and wound healing in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. This study identified the bioactive region/s of fibulin-1C which promotes fibrosis. Seven fibulin-1C peptides were synthesized and used to pre-coat tissue culture plates before lung derived ASM cells and fibroblasts from patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or neither disease (Control) were plated. Peptide effects on in vitro measures of fibrosis: cell attachment, proliferation and viability, and ECM deposition, were examined. Among these peptides, peptide 1C1 (FBLN1C1) enhanced ASM cell and fibroblast attachment. FBLN1C1 increased mitochondrial activity and proliferation in fibroblasts. In addition, FBLN1C1 stimulated fibulin1 deposition in PF and COPD fibroblasts, and augmented fibronectin and perlecan deposition in all three groups. Peptides FBLN1C2 to FBLN1C7 had no activity. The active fibulin-1C peptide identified in this study describes a useful tool for future studies. Ongoing investigation of the role of fibulin-1 may reveal the mechanisms underlying the pathphysiology of chronic lung diseases.
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Cho C, Kelsh-Lasher R, Ambesi A, McKeown-Longo PJ. Cryptic activity within the Type III 1 domain of fibronectin regulates tissue inflammation and angiogenesis. CURRENT TOPICS IN PEPTIDE & PROTEIN RESEARCH 2015; 16:37-47. [PMID: 27524870 PMCID: PMC4981920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fibronectin matrix provides mechanical and biochemical information to regulate homeostatic and pathological processes within tissues. Fibronectin consists of independently-folded modules termed Types I, II and III. In response to cellular contractile force, Type III domains unfold to initiate a series of homophilic binding events which result in the assembly of a complex network of intertwining fibrils. The unfolding of Type III modules provides elasticity to the assembled fibronectin matrix allowing it to function as a dynamic scaffold which provides binding sites for cellular receptors, growth factors and other matrix molecules. Access to bioactive sites within the fibronectin matrix is under complex regulation and controlled through a combination of mechanical and proteolytic activity. Mechanical unfolding of Type III modules and limited proteolysis can alter the topographical display of bioactive sites within the fibronectin fibrils by exposing previously cryptic sites and disrupting functional sites. In this review we will discuss cryptic activity found within the first Type III module of fibronectin and its impact on tissue angiogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cho
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - Rhiannon Kelsh-Lasher
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - Anthony Ambesi
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, USA
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Kelsh R, You R, Horzempa C, Zheng M, McKeown-Longo PJ. Regulation of the innate immune response by fibronectin: synergism between the III-1 and EDA domains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102974. [PMID: 25051083 PMCID: PMC4106844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a critical component of the extracellular matrix and alterations to its structure will influence cellular behavior. Matrix fibronectin is subjected to both mechanical and biochemical regulation. The Type III domains of fibronectin can be unfolded in response to increased cellular contractility, included or excluded from the molecule by alternative splicing mechanisms, or released from the matrix by proteolysis. Using Inflammatory Cytokine microarrays we found that the alternatively spliced fibronectin Type III domain, FnEDA, and the partially unfolded III-1 domain, FnIII-1c, induced the expression of a multitude of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human dermal fibroblasts, most notably CXCL1-3, IL-8 and TNF-α. FnIII-1c, a peptide representing an unfolded intermediate structure of the first Type III domain has been shown to initiate the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-NFκB-dependent release of cytokines from human dermal fibroblasts (You, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2010). Here we demonstrate that FnIII-1c and the alternatively spliced FnEDA domain induce a TLR4 dependent activation of p38 MAP kinase and its downstream effector, MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK-2), to regulate cytokine expression in fibroblasts. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the p38-MK-2 pathway regulates IL-8 mRNA stability. Interestingly, addition of FnIII-1c and FnEDA synergistically enhanced TLR4-dependent IL-8 release. These data indicate that Fn contains two Type III domains which can activate TLR signaling to induce an inflammatory response in fibroblasts. Furthermore, our data identifies the NF-κB and p38/MK2 signaling pathways as transducers of signals initiated in response to structural changes in fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Kelsh
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Ran You
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Carol Horzempa
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Mingzhe Zheng
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology & Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tsai MH, Lin ZC, Liang CJ, Yen FL, Chiang YC, Lee CW. Eupafolin inhibits PGE2 production and COX2 expression in LPS-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts by blocking JNK/AP-1 and Nox2/p47(phox) pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:240-51. [PMID: 24967690 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eupafolin, a major active component found in the methanol extracts of Phyla nodiflora, has been used to treat inflammation of skin. We examined its effects on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-treated human dermal fibroblasts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) production associated with increased COX-2 expression in Hs68 cells. This effect was blocked by eupafolin, TLR-4 antibody, antioxidants (APO and NAC), as well as inhibitors, including U0126 (ERK1/2), SB202190 (p38), SP600125 (JNK1/2), and Tanshinone IIA (AP-1). In gene regulation level, qPCR and promoter assays revealed that COX-2 expression was attenuated by eupafolin. In addition, eupafolin also ameliorated LPS-induced p47 phox activation and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity. Moreover, pretreatment with eupafolin and APO led to reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. Further, eupafolin attenuated LPS-induced increase in AP-1 transcription factor binding activity as well as the increase in the phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Fos. In vivo studies have shown that in dermal fibroblasts of LPS treated mice, eupafolin exerted anti-inflammation effects by decreasing COX-2 protein levels. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of eupafolin that involved inhibition of LPS-induced ROS generation, suppression of MAPK phosphorylation, diminished DNA binding activity of AP-1 and attenuated COX-2 expression leading to reduced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Our results demonstrate that eupafolin may be used to treat inflammatory responses associated with dermatologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Horng Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Jung Liang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Protein kinase Cε-calcineurin cosignaling downstream of toll-like receptor 4 downregulates fibrosis and induces wound healing gene expression in cardiac myofibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:574-94. [PMID: 24298017 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01098-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathways which regulate resolution of inflammation and contribute to positive remodeling of the myocardium following injury are poorly understood. Here we show that protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) cooperates with the phosphatase calcineurin (CN) to potentiate induction of cardioprotective gene expression while suppressing expression of fibrosis markers. This was achieved by detailed analysis of the regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression as a marker gene and by using gene expression profiling to identify genes regulated by coexpression of CN-Aα/PKCε in adult rat cardiac myofibroblasts (ARVFs) on a larger scale. GeneChip analysis of CN-Aα/PKCε-coexpressing ARVFs showed that COX-2 provides a signature for wound healing and is associated with downregulation of fibrosis markers, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin, and collagens Col1a1, Col3a1, Col6a3, Col11a1, Col12a1, and Col14a1, with concomitant upregulation of cardioprotection markers, including COX-2 itself, lipocalin 2 (LCN2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In primary rat cardiomyocyte cultures Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist- or PKCε/CN-dependent COX-2 induction occurred in coresident fibroblasts and was blocked by selective inhibition of CN or PKC α/ε or elimination of fibroblasts. Furthermore, ectopic expression of PKCε and CN in ARVFs showed that the effects on COX-2 expression are mediated by specific NFAT sites within the COX-2 promoter as confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Therefore, PKCε may negatively regulate adverse myocardial remodeling by cooperating with CN to downregulate fibrosis and induce transcription of cardioprotective wound healing genes, including COX-2.
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Chowdhury A, Roy S, Chakraborti T, Dey K, Chakraborti S. Activation of proMMP-2 by U46619 occurs via involvement of p38MAPK-NFκB-MT1MMP signaling pathway in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:53-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kelsh RM, McKeown-Longo PJ. Topographical changes in extracellular matrix: Activation of TLR4 signaling and solid tumor progression. TRENDS IN CANCER RESEARCH 2013; 9:1-13. [PMID: 24634571 PMCID: PMC3952558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between cancer progression and chronic inflammation is well documented but poorly understood. The innate immune system has long been recognized as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. More recently, endogenous molecules released from tissue matrix (Damage Associated Molecular Patterns [DAMPs]) following tissue injury or periods of active matrix remodeling have also been identified as regulators of innate immunity. DAMPs have been identified as ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of cell-surface proteins which regulate the immune response. TLRs have been identified on resident tissue cells as well as most tumor cells. Therefore, dysregulation of the innate immune response secondary to biochemical and mechanical driven changes in the extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment may be a critical component of the chronic inflammation associated with tumor progression. Here we review the role of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived DAMPS in the activation of TLR4 signaling in the context of tumor progression. We also explore the various types of topographical changes that can lead to ECM-derived DAMPs and their contribution to TLR4 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Roy S, Chakraborti T, Chowdhury A, Chakraborti S. Role of PKC-α in NF-κB-MT1-MMP-mediated activation of proMMP-2 by TNF-α in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J Biochem 2012; 153:289-302. [PMID: 23266860 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to evaluate the mechanism(s) associated with pro matrix metalloprotease 2 (proMMP-2) activation in bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Preincubation of cells with anti-TNFR1 antibody prevented tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced proMMP-2 activation and increase in membrane type 1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP) expression as well as inhibition of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) expression, indicating the role of TNFR1 receptor during TNF-α stimulation. Anti-MT1-MMP antibody abrogated proMMP-2 activation by TNF-α-stimulated cell membrane, suggesting the involvement of MT1-MMP in proMMP-2 activation. Induction of MT1-MMP expression in response to TNF-α occurs via activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB on inhibitory κB kinase (IKK) activation and subsequently phosphorylation/degradation of IκB-α. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)-α activity by Go6976 and PKC-α siRNA prevented TNF-α-induced IKK activity, IκB-α phosphorylation/degradation and NF-κB activation. Inhibition of PKC-α activity also prevented TNF-α-induced MT1-MMP expression and proMMP-2 activation as well as down regulation of TIMP-2 expression. Inhibition of IκB-α phosphorylation by PS-1145, an IKK selective inhibitor, prevented TNF-α-induced increase in MT1-MMP expression and proMMP-2 activation, which although did not alter inhibition of TIMP-2 expression. Overall, we unravelled a hitherto unknown mechanism of the involvement of PKC-α in proMMP-2 activation and inhibition of TIMP-2 expression by NF-κB-MT1-MMP-dependent and -independent pathway, respectively, during TNF-α stimulation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
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Chen J, Matzuk MM, Zhou XJ, Lu CY. Endothelial pentraxin 3 contributes to murine ischemic acute kidney injury. Kidney Int 2012; 82:1195-207. [PMID: 22895517 PMCID: PMC3499641 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a receptor for damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and also the lipopolysaccharide receptor, is required for early endothelial activation leading to maximal inflammation and injury during murine ischemic acute kidney injury. DNA microarray analysis of ischemic kidneys from TLR4-sufficient and -deficient mice showed that pentraxin 3 (PTX3) was upregulated only on the former while transgenic knockout of PTX3 ameliorated acute kidney injury. PTX3 was expressed predominantly on peritubular endothelia of the outer medulla of the kidney in control mice. Acute kidney injury increased PTX3 protein in the kidney and the plasma where it may be a biomarker of the injury. Stimulation by hydrogen peroxide, or the TLR4 ligands recombinant human high-mobility group protein B1 or lipopolysaccharide, induced PTX3 expression in the Mile Sven 1 endothelial cell line and in primary renal endothelial cells, suggesting that endothelial PTX3 was induced by pathways involving TLR4 and reactive oxygen species. This increase was inhibited by conditional endothelial knockout of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, a mediator of a TLR4 intracellular signaling pathway. Compared to wild-type mice, PTX3 knockout mice had decreased endothelial expression of cell adhesion molecules at 4 h of reperfusion, possibly contributing to a decreased early maladaptive inflammation in the kidneys of knockout mice. At 24 h of reperfusion, PTX3 knockout increased expression of endothelial adhesion molecules when regulatory and reparative leukocytes enter the kidney. Thus, endothelial PTX3 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8856, USA
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Zheng M, Jones DM, Horzempa C, Prasad A, McKeown-Longo PJ. The First Type III Domain of Fibronectin is Associated with the Expression of Cytokines within the Lung Tumor Microenvironment. J Cancer 2011; 2:478-83. [PMID: 21980322 PMCID: PMC3187932 DOI: 10.7150/jca.2.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have pointed to changes in tissue mechanics as a contributory element to the development of malignancies. Increased tissue rigidity is associated with the unfolding of the Type III domains of fibronectin within the extracellular matrix. The consequences of this unfolding on cellular functions within the lung are not well understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a peptide representing a partially unfolded intermediate of the first Type III repeat of fibronectin (FnIII-1c) on inflammatory gene expression in adult human lung fibroblast cells. FnIII-1c induced expression of cytokines, CXCL1-3, IL-8 and TNF-α, by lung fibroblast cells. The increase in IL-8 expression was dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 and NFκB. Immunohistochemistry of tissue arrays representing squamous cell carcinoma of the lung revealed extensive stromal staining for IL-8 and fibronectin fibrils which were co-aligned with myofibroblasts. These data suggest a model in which unfolding of FnIII domains secondary to myofibroblast-generated tension may induce the release of cytokines by stromal fibroblasts present within the lung tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Zheng
- 1. Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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