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Usluer S, Galhuber M, Khanna Y, Bourgeois B, Spreitzer E, Michenthaler H, Prokesch A, Madl T. Disordered regions mediate the interaction of p53 and MRE11. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119654. [PMID: 38123020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The genome is frequently targeted by genotoxic agents, resulting in the formation of DNA scars. However, cells employ diverse repair mechanisms to restore DNA integrity. Among these processes, the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex detects double-strand breaks (DSBs) and recruits DNA damage response proteins such as ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase to DNA damage sites. ATM phosphorylates the transactivation domain (TAD) of the p53 tumor suppressor, which in turn regulates DNA repair, growth arrest, apoptosis, and senescence following DNA damage. The disordered glycine-arginine-rich (GAR) domain of double-strand break protein MRE11 (MRE11GAR) and its methylation are important for DSB repair, and localization to Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). There is preliminary evidence that p53, PML protein, and MRE11 might co-localize and interact at DSB sites. To uncover the molecular details of these interactions, we aimed to identify the domains mediating the p53-MRE11 interaction and to elucidate the regulation of the p53-MRE11 interaction by post-translational modifications (PTMs) through a combination of biophysical techniques. We discovered that, in vitro, p53 binds directly to MRE11GAR mainly through p53TAD2 and that phosphorylation further enhances this interaction. Furthermore, we found that MRE11GAR methylation still allows for binding to p53. Overall, we demonstrated that p53 and MRE11 interaction is facilitated by disordered regions. We provide for the first time insight into the molecular details of the p53-MRE11 complex formation and elucidate potential regulatory mechanisms that will promote our understanding of the DNA damage response. Our findings suggest that PTMs regulate the p53-MRE11 interaction and subsequently their colocalization to PML-NBs upon DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Usluer
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Yukti Khanna
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Emil Spreitzer
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Helene Michenthaler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria.
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Chatterjee T, Guha D, Dhar J, Saha T, Paul D, Sa G, Chakrabarti P. Adenosine dialdehyde, a methyltransferase inhibitor, induces colorectal cancer cells apoptosis by regulating PIMT:p53 interaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 684:149134. [PMID: 37871521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is important in controlling many biological processes by changing the structure and function of a protein. Protein methylation is an important PTM, and the role of methyltransferases has been implicated in numerous cellular functions. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is ubiquitously expressed in almost all organisms and govern important cellular processes including apoptosis. Among other functions, PIMT has also been identified as a potent oncogene because it destabilizes the structure of the tumor suppressor p53 via methylation at the transactivation domain. In the present study we identified that out of the three methyltransferase inhibitors tested, namely, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (AdoHcy), adenosine and adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx), only AdOx augments p53 expression by destabilizing PIMT structure, as evident from far-UV CD. The effect of the inhibitors, AdOx in particular, to the structure of PIMT, and the binding of PIMT to the p53 transactivation domain have been investigated by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. AdOx significantly increases p53 accumulation and nuclear translocation in colon cancer cells, triggering the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying p53 accumulation in colon cancer cells, we observed that the level of PIMT is considerably lower in AdOx-treated cells, reducing its association with p53, which stabilized p53. p53 then transactivated BAX, increasing the BAX: BCL-2 ratio and causing colon cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Deblina Guha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Jesmita Dhar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Taniya Saha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Debamita Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Gaurisankar Sa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Pinak Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India
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Rasam S, Lin Q, Shen S, Straubinger RM, Qu J. Highly Reproducible Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Reveals Proteome-Level Effects of a Novel Combination Drug Therapy That Induces Cancer Cell Death via Metabolic Remodeling and Activation of the Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathway. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3780-3792. [PMID: 37906173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer patients have poor survival rates and are frequently treated using gemcitabine (Gem). However, initial tumor sensitivity often gives way to rapid development of resistance. Gem-based drug combinations are employed to increase efficacy and mitigate resistance, but our understanding of molecular-level drug interactions, which could assist in the development of more effective therapeutic regimens, is limited. Global quantitative proteomic analysis could provide novel mechanistic insights into drug combination interactions, but it is challenging to achieve high-quality quantitative proteomics analysis of the large sample sets that are typically required for drug combination studies. Here, we investigated molecular-level temporal interactions of Gem with BGJ398 (infigratinib), a recently approved pan-FGFR inhibitor, in multiple treatment groups (N = 42 samples) using IonStar, a robust large-scale proteomics method that employs well-controlled, ultrahigh-resolution MS1 quantification. A total of 5514 proteins in the sample set were quantified without missing data, requiring >2 unique peptides/protein, <1% protein false discovery rate (FDR), <0.1% peptide FDR, and CV < 10%. Functional analysis of the differentially altered proteins revealed drug-dysregulated processes such as metabolism, apoptosis, and antigen presentation pathways. These changes were validated experimentally using Seahorse metabolic assays and immunoassays. Overall, in-depth analysis of large-scale proteomics data provided novel insights into possible mechanisms by which FGFR inhibitors complement and enhance Gem activity in pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailee Rasam
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Qingxiang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Shichen Shen
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
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4
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Alfadul SM, Matnurov EM, Varakutin AE, Babak MV. Metal-Based Anticancer Complexes and p53: How Much Do We Know? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2834. [PMID: 37345171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 plays a key role in protecting the human genome from DNA-related mutations; however, it is one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancer. The P53 family members p63 and p73 were also shown to play important roles in cancer development and progression. Currently, there are various organic molecules from different structural classes of compounds that could reactivate the function of wild-type p53, degrade or inhibit mutant p53, etc. It was shown that: (1) the function of the wild-type p53 protein was dependent on the presence of Zn atoms, and (2) Zn supplementation restored the altered conformation of the mutant p53 protein. This prompted us to question whether the dependence of p53 on Zn and other metals might be used as a cancer vulnerability. This review article focuses on the role of different metals in the structure and function of p53, as well as discusses the effects of metal complexes based on Zn, Cu, Fe, Ru, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ir, V, Mo, Bi and Sn on the p53 protein and p53-associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mutasim Alfadul
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Egor M Matnurov
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Alexander E Varakutin
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Ma LP, Liu MM, Liu F, Sun B, Wang SN, Chen J, Yu HJ, Yan J, Tian M, Gao L, Liu QJ. Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated melanin pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in human primary melanocytes and the skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:581-593. [PMID: 37032347 PMCID: PMC10163137 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
UVB exposure accelerates skin aging and pigmentation. Melatonin effectively regulates tyrosinase (TYR) activity and aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between premature senescence and pigmentation, and the mechanism of melanin synthesis effected by melatonin. Primary melanocytes were extracted and identified from the male foreskin. To inhibit TYR expression, primary melanocytes were transduced with the lentivirus pLKD-CMV-EGFP-2A-Puro-U6-TYR. The wild-type TYR(+/+) and TYR(-/-) or TYR(+/-) knockout C57BL/6 J mice were used to determine the role of TYR on melanin synthesis in vivo. Results showed that UVB-induced melanin synthesis is dependent on TYR in primary melanocytes and mice. Furthermore, in primary melanocytes pretreated with Nutlin-3 or PFT-α to up or downregulate p53, results showed that premature senescence and melanin synthesis increased in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation at 80 mJ/cm2, and further increased after being treated with Nutlin-3, while significantly decreased with PFT-α. In addition, melatonin inhibited UVB-induced premature senescence associated with inactivation of p53 and phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15 (ser-15), a decrease of melanin synthesis accompanied by reduced TYR expression. Moreover, skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB were reduced in the dorsal and ear skin of mice topically pretreated with 2.5% melatonin. These indicate that melatonin inhibits UVB-induced senescence-associated pigmentation via the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes and prevents pigmentation obviously in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation. KEY MESSAGES: P53 links UVB irradiation-induced senescence and senescence-associated pigmentation and regulates TYR in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation. Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes. Melatonin prevents skin erythema and melanin pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Ma
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Nian Wang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Jie Yu
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China.
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6
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Malhotra L, Sharma S, Hariprasad G, Dhingra R, Mishra V, Sharma RS, Kaur P, Ethayathulla AS. Mechanism of apoptosis activation by Curcumin rescued mutant p53Y220C in human pancreatic cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119343. [PMID: 36007676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mutant p53Y220C (mutp53Y220C) is frequently observed in numerous tumors, including pancreatic cancer. The mutation creates a crevice in the DNA binding core domain and makes p53 a thermally unstable non-functional protein that assists tumor progression and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Restoring mutp53 function to its wild type by selectively targeting this crevice with small molecules is a pivotal strategy to promote apoptosis. In this study, we have shown through different biophysical and cell-based studies that curcumin binds and rescues mutp53Y220C to an active wild-type conformation and restores its apoptotic transcription function in BxPC-3-pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, the curcumin-rescued-p53Y220C (CRp53) showed significant hyperphosphorylation at Ser15, Ser20, and acetylation at Lys382 with an 8-fold increase in transcription activity in the BxPC-3 cell lines. We also observed that the active CRp53 escapes Mdm2-mediated proteasomal degradation and the majority of the proteins were localized inside the nucleus with an increased half-life and transcription restoration compared to untreated BxPC-3 cells. By label-free proteomics analysis, we observed that upon curcumin treatment almost 227 proteins were dysregulated with the majority of them being transcriptional targets of p53. Based on our studies, it reflects that apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by curcumin-rescued mutant p53Y220C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gururao Hariprasad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Renu Dhingra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Radhey S Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abdul S Ethayathulla
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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7
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Deciphering the acetylation code of p53 in transcription regulation and tumor suppression. Oncogene 2022; 41:3039-3050. [PMID: 35487975 PMCID: PMC9149126 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well established that p53-mediated tumor suppression mainly acts through its ability in transcriptional regulation, the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are not completely understood. Among a number of regulatory modes, acetylation of p53 attracts great interests. p53 was one of the first non-histone proteins found to be functionally regulated by acetylation and deacetylation, and subsequent work has established that reversible acetylation is a general mechanism for regulation of non-histone proteins. Unlike other types of post-translational modifications occurred during stress responses, the role of p53 acetylation has been recently validated in vivo by using the knockin mice with both acetylation-defective and acetylation-mimicking p53 mutants. Here, we review the role of acetylation in p53-mediated activities, with a focus on which specific acetylation sites are critical for p53-dependent transcription regulation during tumor suppression and how acetylation of p53 recruits specific “readers” to execute its promoter-specific regulation of different targets. We also discuss the role of p53 acetylation in differentially regulating its classic activities in cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis as well as newly identified unconventional functions such as cell metabolism and ferroptosis.
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8
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The p53 network: cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in cancer and aging. Trends Genet 2022; 38:598-612. [PMID: 35346511 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor protein TP53 gene, encoding the cellular tumor antigen p53, is the single most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. p53 plays a central role in responding to DNA damage and determines the outcome of the DNA damage checkpoint response by regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. As a consequence of this function, dysfunctional p53 results in cells that, despite a damaged genome, continue to proliferate thus fueling malignant transformation. New insights have recently been gained into the complexity of the p53 regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) and how it impacts a wide variety of cellular processes. In addition to cell-autonomous signaling mechanisms, non-cell-autonomous regulatory inputs influence p53 activity, which in turn can have systemic consequences on the organism. New inroads have also been made toward therapeutic targeting of p53 that for a long time has been anticipated.
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Marques MA, de Andrade GC, Silva JL, de Oliveira GAP. Protein of a thousand faces: The tumor-suppressive and oncogenic responses of p53. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:944955. [PMID: 36090037 PMCID: PMC9452956 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.944955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a pleiotropic regulator working as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Depending on the cellular insult and the mutational status, p53 may trigger opposing activities such as cell death or survival, senescence and cell cycle arrest or proliferative signals, antioxidant or prooxidant activation, glycolysis, or oxidative phosphorylation, among others. By augmenting or repressing specific target genes or directly interacting with cellular partners, p53 accomplishes a particular set of activities. The mechanism in which p53 is activated depends on increased stability through post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the formation of higher-order structures (HOS). The intricate cell death and metabolic p53 response are reviewed in light of gaining stability via PTM and HOS formation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Marques
- *Correspondence: Mayra A. Marques, ; Guilherme A. P. de Oliveira,
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10
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Visser H, Thomas AD. MicroRNAs and the DNA damage response: How is cell fate determined? DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103245. [PMID: 34773895 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that the DNA damage response orchestrates an appropriate response to a given level of DNA damage, whether that is cell cycle arrest and repair, senescence or apoptosis. It is plausible that the alternative regulation of the DNA damage response (DDR) plays a role in deciding cell fate following damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the transcriptional regulation of many cellular processes. They have diverse functions, affecting, presumably, all aspects of cell biology. Many have been shown to be DNA damage inducible and it is conceivable that miRNA species play a role in deciding cell fate following DNA damage by regulating the expression and activation of key DDR proteins. From a clinical perspective, miRNAs are attractive targets to improve cancer patient outcomes to DNA-damaging chemotherapy. However, cancer tissue is known to be, or to become, well adapted to DNA damage as a means of inducing chemoresistance. This frequently results from an altered DDR, possibly owing to miRNA dysregulation. Though many studies provide an overview of miRNAs that are dysregulated within cancerous tissues, a tangible, functional association is often lacking. While miRNAs are well-documented in 'ectopic biology', the physiological significance of endogenous miRNAs in the context of the DDR requires clarification. This review discusses miRNAs of biological relevance and their role in DNA damage response by potentially 'fine-tuning' the DDR towards a particular cell fate in response to DNA damage. MiRNAs are thus potential therapeutic targets/strategies to limit chemoresistance, or improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig Visser
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Thomas
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
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Swift ML, Beishline K, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Sp1-dependent recruitment of the histone acetylase p300 to DSBs facilitates chromatin remodeling and recruitment of the NHEJ repair factor Ku70. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103171. [PMID: 34252870 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA damage, most factors involved in damage recognition and repair are tightly regulated to ensure proper repair pathway choice. Histone acetylation at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) by p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is critical for the recruitment of DSB repair proteins to chromatin. Here, we show that phosphorylation of Sp1 by ATM increases its interaction with p300 and that Sp1-dependent recruitment of p300 to DSBs is necessary to modify the histones associated with p300 activity and NHEJ repair factor recruitment and repair. p300 is known to acetylate multiple residues on histones H3 and H4 necessary for NHEJ. Acetylation of H3K18 by p300 is associated with the recruitment of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and Ku70 to DSBs for NHEJ repair. Depletion of Sp1 results in decreased acetylation of lysines on histones H3 and H4. Specifically, cells depleted of Sp1 display defects in the acetylation of H3K18, resulting in defective SWI/SNF and Ku70 recruitment to DSBs. These results shed light on mechanisms by which chromatin remodelers are regulated to ensure activation of the appropriate DSB repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Swift
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Wen J, Wang D. Deciphering the PTM codes of the tumor suppressor p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:774-785. [PMID: 34289043 PMCID: PMC8782589 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome guardian p53 functions as a transcription factor that senses numerous cellular stresses and orchestrates the corresponding transcriptional events involved in determining various cellular outcomes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, and metabolic regulation. In response to diverse stresses, p53 undergoes multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that coordinate with intimate interdependencies to precisely modulate its diverse properties in given biological contexts. Notably, PTMs can recruit ‘reader’ proteins that exclusively recognize specific modifications and facilitate the functional readout of p53. Targeting PTM–reader interplay has been developing into a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the advances in deciphering the ‘PTM codes’ of p53, focusing particularly on the mechanisms by which the specific reader proteins functionally decipher the information harbored within these PTMs of p53. We also highlight the potential applications of intervention with p53 PTM–reader interactions in cancer therapy and discuss perspectives on the ‘PTMomic’ study of p53 and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Donglai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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13
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Kuchur OA, Kuzmina DO, Dukhinova MS, Shtil AA. The p53 Protein Family in the Response of Tumor Cells to Ionizing Radiation: Problem Development. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:65-76. [PMID: 34707898 PMCID: PMC8526179 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival mechanisms are activated in tumor cells in response to therapeutic ionizing radiation. This reduces a treatment's effectiveness. The p53, p63, and p73 proteins belonging to the family of proteins that regulate the numerous pathways of intracellular signal transduction play a key role in the development of radioresistance. This review analyzes the p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms involved in overcoming the resistance of tumor cells to radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Kuchur
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
| | | | | | - A. A. Shtil
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478 Russia
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14
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Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:245. [PMID: 34176928 PMCID: PMC8236488 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.
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15
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Choi YJ, Lee J, Ha SH, Lee HK, Lim HM, Yu SH, Lee CM, Nam MJ, Yang YH, Park K, Choi YS, Jang KY, Park SH. 6,8-Diprenylorobol induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells via activation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and p53. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:914-925. [PMID: 33382531 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
6,8-Diprenylorobol is a natural compound mainly found in Glycyrrhiza uralensis fisch and Maclura tricuspidata, which has been used traditionally as food and medicine in Asia. So far, the antiproliferative effect of 6,8-diprenylorobol has not been studied yet in colon cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of 6,8-diprenylorobol in LoVo and HCT15, two kinds of human colon cancer cells. 6,8-Diprenylorobol inhibited the proliferation of LoVo and HCT15 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A 40 μM of 6,8-diprenylorobol for 72 h reduced both of cell viability under 50%. After treatment of 6,8-diprenylorobol (40 and 60 μM) for 72 h, late apoptotic cell portion in LoVo and HCT15 cells were 24, 70% and 13, 90%, respectively, which was confirmed by checking DNA fragmentation in both cells. Mechanistically, 6,8-diprenylorobol activated p53 and its phosphorylated form (Ser15, Ser20, and Ser46) expression but suppressed Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation in LoVo and HCT15 cells. Interestingly, 6,8-diprenylorobol induced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was attenuated with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment. Compared to the control, 60 μM of 6,8-diprenylorobol caused to increase ROS level to 210% in LoVo and HCT15, which was reduced into 161% and 124%, respectively with NAC. Furthermore, cell viability and apoptotic cell portion by 6,8-diprenylorobol was recovered by incubation with NAC. Taken together, these results indicate that 6,8-diprenylorobol has the potential antiproliferative effect against LoVo and HCT15 colon cancer cells through activation of p53 and generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ha
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Han Ki Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heui Min Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hak Yu
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, South Korea
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16
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Cowman S, Pizer B, Sée V. Downregulation of both mismatch repair and non-homologous end-joining pathways in hypoxic brain tumour cell lines. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11275. [PMID: 33986995 PMCID: PMC8092103 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, a grade IV astrocytoma, has a poor survival rate in part due to ineffective treatment options available. These tumours are heterogeneous with areas of low oxygen levels, termed hypoxic regions. Many intra-cellular signalling pathways, including DNA repair, can be altered by hypoxia. Since DNA damage induction and subsequent activation of DNA repair mechanisms is the cornerstone of glioblastoma treatment, alterations to DNA repair mechanisms could have a direct influence on treatment success. Our aim was to elucidate the impact of chronic hypoxia on DNA repair gene expression in a range of glioblastoma cell lines. We adopted a NanoString transcriptomic approach to examine the expression of 180 DNA repair-related genes in four classical glioblastoma cell lines (U87-MG, U251-MG, D566-MG, T98G) exposed to 5 days of normoxia (21% O2), moderate (1% O2) or severe (0.1% O2) hypoxia. We observed altered gene expression in several DNA repair pathways including homologous recombination repair, non-homologous end-joining and mismatch repair, with hypoxia primarily resulting in downregulation of gene expression. The extent of gene expression changes was dependent on hypoxic severity. Some, but not all, of these downregulations were directly under the control of HIF activity. For example, the downregulation of LIG4, a key component of non-homologous end-joining, was reversed upon inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In contrast, the downregulation of the mismatch repair gene, PMS2, was not affected by HIF inhibition. This suggests that numerous molecular mechanisms lead to hypoxia-induced reprogramming of the transcriptional landscape of DNA repair. Whilst the global impact of hypoxia on DNA repair gene expression is likely to lead to genomic instability, tumorigenesis and reduced sensitivity to anti-cancer treatment, treatment re-sensitising might require additional approaches to a simple HIF inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cowman
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt-Lake-City, Utah, United States
| | - Barry Pizer
- Paediatric Oncology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Violaine Sée
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
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17
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Regulation of cardiomyocyte DNA damage and cell death by the type 2A protein phosphatase regulatory protein alpha4. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6293. [PMID: 33737606 PMCID: PMC7973735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2A protein phosphatase regulatory protein alpha4 (α4) constitutes an anti-apoptotic protein in non-cardiac tissue, however it’s anti-apoptotic properties in the heart are poorly defined. To this end, we knocked down α4 protein expression (α4 KD) using siRNA in cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes and confirmed the lack of DNA damage/cell death by TUNEL staining and MTT assay. However, α4 KD did increase the phosphorylation of p53 and ATM/ATR substrates, decreased the expression of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and associated fragments. Expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was reduced, whereas expression of pro-apoptotic BAX protein did not change. Alpha4 KD reduced basal H2AX Ser139 phosphorylation, whereas adenoviral-mediated re-expression of α4 protein following α4 KD, restored basal H2AX phosphorylation at Ser139. The sensitivity of H9c2 cardiomyocytes to doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity was augmented by α4 KD. Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of α4 protein in ARVM increased PP2AC expression and augmented H2AX Ser139 phosphorylation in response to doxorubicin. Furthermore, pressure overload-induced heart failure was associated with reduced α4 protein expression, increased ATM/ATR protein kinase activity, increased H2AX expression and Ser139 phosphorylation. Hence, this study describes the significance of altered α4 protein expression in the regulation of DNA damage, cardiomyocyte cell death and heart failure.
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18
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Friedel L, Loewer A. The guardian's choice: how p53 enables context-specific decision-making in individual cells. FEBS J 2021; 289:40-52. [PMID: 33590949 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
p53 plays a central role in defending the genomic integrity of our cells. In response to genotoxic stress, this tumour suppressor orchestrates the expression of hundreds of target genes, which induce a variety of cellular outcomes ranging from damage repair to induction of apoptosis. In this review, we examine how the p53 response is regulated on several levels in individual cells to allow precise and context-specific fate decisions. We discuss that the p53 response is not only controlled by its canonical regulators but also controlled by interconnected signalling pathways that influence the dynamics of p53 accumulation upon damage and modulate its transcriptional activity at target gene promoters. Additionally, we consider how the p53 response is diversified through a variety of mechanisms at the promoter level and beyond to induce context-specific outcomes in individual cells. These layers of regulation allow p53 to react in a stimulus-specific manner and fine-tune its signalling according to the individual needs of a given cell, enabling it to take the right decision on survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Friedel
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Loewer
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
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19
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Activation of DNA damage response signaling in mammalian cells by ionizing radiation. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:581-594. [PMID: 33455476 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular responses to DNA damage are fundamental to preserve genomic integrity during various endogenous and exogenous stresses. Following radiation therapy and chemotherapy, this DNA damage response (DDR) also determines development of carcinogenesis and therapeutic outcome. In humans, DNA damage activates a robust network of signal transduction cascades, driven primarily through phosphorylation events. These responses primarily involve two key non-redundant signal transducing proteins of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like (PIKK) family - ATR and ATM, and their downstream kinases (hChk1 and hChk2). They further phosphorylate effectors proteins such as p53, Cdc25A and Cdc25C which function either to activate the DNA damage checkpoints and cell death mechanisms, or DNA repair pathways. Identification of molecular pathways that determine signaling after DNA damage and trigger DNA repair in response to differing types of DNA lesions allows for a far better understanding of the consequences of radiation and chemotherapy on normal and tumor cells. Here we highlight the network of DNA damage response pathways that are activated after treatment with different types of radiation. Further, we discuss regulation of cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair processes in the context of DDR in response to radiation.
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20
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Miao T, Peng C, Tang Z, Zeng M, Wang S, Wang X, Guo L, Wang X, Zhao J, Zhao M, Chen J, Liu C. Implication of Ataxia-Telangiectasia-mutated kinase in epithelium-mesenchyme transition. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:640-649. [PMID: 33417668 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment of genome instability drives the development of cancer by disrupting anti-cancer barriers. Upon genotoxic insults, DNA damage responsive factors, notably ATM kinase, is crucial to protect genomic integrity while promoting cell death. Meanwhile, cytotoxic therapy-inducing DNA lesions is double-edged sword by causing cancer metastasis based on animal models and clinical observations. The underlying mechanisms for the procancer effect of cytotoxic therapies are poorly understood. Here, we report that cancer cells subjected to cytotoxic treatments elicit dramatic alteration of gene expression controlling the potential of epithelium-mesenchyme transition (EMT). Resultantly, EMT-dependent cell mobility is potently induced upon DNA damage. This stimulation of EMT is mainly Ataxia-Telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)-dependent, as the chemical inhibitor specifically inhibiting ATM kinase activity can suppress the EMT gene expression and thus cell mobility. At last, we show that cancer cells with ATM activation display increased metastatic potential in ovarian cancer tissues. Taken together, we reveal a novel role of ATM in promoting metastatic potential of cancer cells by favoring EMT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Miao
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zizhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Liandi Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jichun Zhao
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mingcai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Ministry of Education), Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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21
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Lee SJ, Kwon OS. O-GlcNAc Transferase Inhibitor Synergistically Enhances Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113154. [PMID: 33121131 PMCID: PMC7693581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We found that the combination treatment of doxorubicin (DOX) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor OSMI-1 has synergic therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of liver cancer. Our data show that DOX displayed cytotoxicity via the activation of p53 and the inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway, while OSMI-1 evoked the ER stress response and inhibited NF-κB signaling. Therefore, DOX in combination with the OSMI-1 group showed a 20-fold reduction of tumor formation, whereas the DOX alone group reduced by 1.8-fold compared with control in a HepG2 cell xenograft model. Abstract The combination of chemotherapy with chemosensitizing agents is a common approach to enhance anticancer activity while reducing the dose-dependent adverse side effects of cancer treatment. Herein, we investigated doxorubicin (DOX) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) inhibitor OSMI-1 combination treatment, which significantly enhanced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) as a result of synergistic drug action in disparate stress signaling pathways. Treatment with a low dose of DOX or a suboptimal dose of OSMI-1 alone did not induce apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. However, the combination of DOX with OSMI-1 in HepG2 cells synergistically increased apoptotic cell death through the activation of both the p53 and mitochondrial Bcl2 pathways compared to DOX alone. We also demonstrated that the combination of DOX and OSMI-1 stimulated cell death, dramatically reducing cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo using a HepG2 xenograft mouse model. These findings indicate that OSMI-1 acts as a potential chemosensitizer by enhancing DOX-induced cell death. This study provides insight into a possible mechanism of chemotherapy resistance, identifies potential novel drug targets, and suggests that OGT inhibition could be utilized in clinical applications to treat hepatocellular carcinoma as well as other cancer types.
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22
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Qiu PC, Lu YY, Zhang S, Li H, Bao H, Ji YQ, Fang F, Tang HF, Cheng G. Reduction of SCUBE3 by a new marine-derived asterosaponin leads to arrest of glioma cells in G1/S. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:71. [PMID: 32764572 PMCID: PMC7411020 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many saponins are characterized as exhibiting a wide spectrum of antitumor activities at low concentrations. Most of the previous studies that aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying anticancer saponins have focused on numerous classical signaling pathways. However, at the oncogene level, little is known about the action of saponins, especially asterosaponin. In this study, CN-3, a new asterosaponin isolated from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae, decreased the proliferation of U87 and U251 cells at low doses in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Microarray analysis revealed CN-3 significantly induced the differential expression of 661 genes that are related to its antiglioma effect in U251. Nine downregulated genes (SCUBE3, PSD4, PGM2L1, ACSL3, PRICKLE1, ABI3BP, STON1, EDIL3, and KCTD12) were selected, for further verification of their low expression. Then, shRNA transfection and high-content screening were performed and significantly decreased U251 cell proliferation rate was only observed for the SCUBE3 knockdown. qPCR confirmed SCUBE3 was highly expressed in U251 and U87 cells, and had medium expression levels in U373 cells. Real-time cellular analysis using iCELLigence demonstrated that SCUBE3 is an oncogene in U251 and U87 cells, with knockdown of SCUBE3 inhibiting U251 and U87 cell proliferation while, conversely, SCUBE3 overexpression promoted their proliferation. Afterward, SCUBE3 protein was found to have high expression in primary glioma specimens from patients examined by immunohistochemistry but low expression in normal brain. PathScan ELISA analysis in conjunction with TEM observation demonstrated that the effect of SCUBE3 knockdown in U251 does not appear to be related to the induction of apoptosis. Employing CCK-8, iCELLigence, flow cytometry, western blotting, and shRNA transfection (knockdown and overexpression) experiments, we reveal that the reduction of SCUBE3 expression, induced by CN-3, mediated both inhibition and G1/S arrest of U251 via the Akt/p-Akt/p53/p21/p27/E2F1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Qiu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yang Lu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ji
- Central Laboratory of Xi'an No.1 Hospital, 710002, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fang
- Central Laboratory of Xi'an No.1 Hospital, 710002, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Sabapathy K, Lane DP. Understanding p53 functions through p53 antibodies. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:317-329. [PMID: 30907951 PMCID: PMC6487784 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene across all cancer types. Our understanding of its functions has evolved since its discovery four decades ago. Initially thought to be an oncogene, it was later realized to be a critical tumour suppressor. A significant amount of our knowledge about p53 functions have come from the use of antibodies against its various forms. The early anti-p53 antibodies contributed to the recognition of p53 accumulation as a common feature of cancer cells and to our understanding of p53 DNA-binding and transcription activities. They led to the concept that conformational changes can facilitate p53’s activity as a growth inhibitory protein. The ensuing p53 conformational-specific antibodies further underlined p53’s conformational flexibility, collectively forming the basis for current efforts to generate therapeutic molecules capable of altering the conformation of mutant p53. A subsequent barrage of antibodies against post-translational modifications on p53 has clarified p53’s roles further, especially with respect to the mechanistic details and context-dependence of its activity. More recently, the generation of p53 mutation-specific antibodies have highlighted the possibility to go beyond the general framework of our comprehension of mutant p53—and promises to provide insights into the specific properties of individual p53 mutants. This review summarizes our current knowledge of p53 functions derived through the major classes of anti-p53 antibodies, which could be a paradigm for understanding other molecular events in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanaga Sabapathy
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Ozen M, Lipniacki T, Levchenko A, Emamian ES, Abdi A. Modeling and measurement of signaling outcomes affecting decision making in noisy intracellular networks using machine learning methods. Integr Biol (Camb) 2020; 12:122-138. [PMID: 32424393 DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of decision-making in cells in response to received signals is of importance for understanding how cell fate is determined. The problem becomes multi-faceted and complex when we consider cellular heterogeneity and dynamics of biochemical processes. In this paper, we present a unified set of decision-theoretic, machine learning and statistical signal processing methods and metrics to model the precision of signaling decisions, in the presence of uncertainty, using single cell data. First, we introduce erroneous decisions that may result from signaling processes and identify false alarms and miss events associated with such decisions. Then, we present an optimal decision strategy which minimizes the total decision error probability. Additionally, we demonstrate how graphing receiver operating characteristic curves conveniently reveals the trade-off between false alarm and miss probabilities associated with different cell responses. Furthermore, we extend the introduced framework to incorporate the dynamics of biochemical processes and reactions in a cell, using multi-time point measurements and multi-dimensional outcome analysis and decision-making algorithms. The introduced multivariate signaling outcome modeling framework can be used to analyze several molecular species measured at the same or different time instants. We also show how the developed binary outcome analysis and decision-making approach can be extended to more than two possible outcomes. As an example and to show how the introduced methods can be used in practice, we apply them to single cell data of PTEN, an important intracellular regulatory molecule in a p53 system, in wild-type and abnormal cells. The unified signaling outcome modeling framework presented here can be applied to various organisms ranging from viruses, bacteria, yeast and lower metazoans to more complex organisms such as mammalian cells. Ultimately, this signaling outcome modeling approach can be utilized to better understand the transition from physiological to pathological conditions such as inflammation, various cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozen
- Center for Wireless Information Processing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 King Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Tomasz Lipniacki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Yale Systems Biology Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Effat S Emamian
- Advanced Technologies for Novel Therapeutics, Enterprise Development Center, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 211 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ali Abdi
- Center for Wireless Information Processing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 King Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 King Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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25
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Popova G, Ladds MJGW, Johansson L, Saleh A, Larsson J, Sandberg L, Sahlberg SH, Qian W, Gullberg H, Garg N, Gustavsson AL, Haraldsson M, Lane D, Yngve U, Lain S. Optimization of Tetrahydroindazoles as Inhibitors of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase and Evaluation of Their Activity and In Vitro Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3915-3934. [PMID: 32212728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, is a target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis and is re-emerging as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here we describe the optimization of recently identified tetrahydroindazoles (HZ) as DHODH inhibitors. Several of the HZ analogues synthesized in this study are highly potent inhibitors of DHODH in an enzymatic assay, while also inhibiting cancer cell growth and viability and activating p53-dependent transcription factor activity in a reporter cell assay. Furthermore, we demonstrate the specificity of the compounds toward the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway through supplementation with an excess of uridine. We also show that induction of the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX after DHODH inhibition is preventable by cotreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Additional solubility and in vitro metabolic stability profiling revealed compound 51 as a favorable candidate for preclinical efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Popova
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus J G W Ladds
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SciLifeLab, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aljona Saleh
- SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, ADME of Therapeutics Facility, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Larsson
- SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Sandberg
- SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Box 1030, SE-171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Häggblad Sahlberg
- SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weixing Qian
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Laboratories for Chemical Biology Umeå, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Gullberg
- SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neeraj Garg
- SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Gustavsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SciLifeLab, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Haraldsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, SciLifeLab, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Yngve
- SciLifeLab, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonia Lain
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.,SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Caglar HO, Biray Avci C. Alterations of cell cycle genes in cancer: unmasking the role of cancer stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3065-3076. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mahapatra K, Roy S. An insight into the mechanism of DNA damage response in plants- role of SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1: An overview. Mutat Res 2020; 819-820:111689. [PMID: 32004947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2020.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of their sessile lifestyle, plants are inescapably exposed to various kinds of environmental stresses throughout their lifetime. Therefore, to regulate their growth and development, plants constantly monitor the environmental signals and respond appropriately. However, these environmental stress factors, along with some endogenous metabolites, generated in response to environmental stress factors often induce various forms of DNA damage in plants and thus promote genome instability. To maintain the genomic integrity, plants have developed an extensive, sophisticated and coordinated cellular signaling mechanism known as DNA damage response or DDR. DDR evokes a signaling process which initiates with the sensing of DNA damage and followed by the subsequent activation of downstream pathways in many directions to repair and eliminate the harmful effects of DNA damages. SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 (SOG1), one of the newly identified components of DDR in plant genome, appears to play central role in this signaling network. SOG1 is a member of NAC [NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM), ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION FACTOR (ATAF), CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC)] domain family of transcription factors and involved in a diverse array of function in plants, encompassing transcriptional response to DNA damage, cell cycle checkpoint functions, ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA-MUTATED (ATM) or ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA AND RAD3-RELATED (ATR) mediated activation of DNA damage response and repair, functioning in programmed cell death and regulation of induction of endoreduplication. Although most of the functional studies on SOG1 have been reported in Arabidopsis, some recent reports have indicated diverse functions of SOG1 in various other plant species, including Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Sorghum bicolour, Oryza sativa and Zea mays, respectively. The remarkable functional diversity shown by SOG1 protein indicates its multitasking capacity. In this review, we integrate information mainly related to functional aspects of SOG1 in the context of DDR in plants. Considering the important role of SOG1 in DDR and its functional diversity, in-depth functional study of this crucial regulatory protein can provide further potential information on genome stability maintenance mechanism in plants in the context of changing environmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, 713 104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan, 713 104, West Bengal, India.
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Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal in culture and differentiation into all functional cell types in the body, and thus hold great promise for regenerative medicine. To achieve their clinical potential, it is critical for PSCs to maintain genomic stability during the extended proliferation. The critical tumor suppressor p53 is required to maintain genomic stability of mammalian cells. In response to DNA damage or oncogenic stress, p53 plays multiple roles in maintaining genomic stability of somatic cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence to prevent the passage of genetic mutations to the daughter cells. p53 is also required to maintain the genomic stability of PSCs. However, in response to the genotoxic stresses, a primary role of p53 in PSCs is to induce the differentiation of PSCs and inhibit pluripotency, providing mechanisms to maintain the genomic stability of the self-renewing PSCs. In addition, the roles of p53 in cellular metabolism might also contribute to genomic stability of PSCs by limiting oxidative stress. In summary, the elucidation of the roles of p53 in PSCs will be a prerequisite for developing safe PSC-based cell therapy.
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Montoya A, Varela-Ramirez A, Dickerson E, Pasquier E, Torabi A, Aguilera R, Nahleh Z, Bryan B. The beta adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol alters mitogenic and apoptotic signaling in late stage breast cancer. Biomed J 2019; 42:155-165. [PMID: 31466709 PMCID: PMC6717753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial evidence supports the use of inexpensive β-AR antagonists (beta blockers) against a variety of cancers, and the β-AR antagonist propranolol was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. Prospective and retrospective data published by our group and others suggest that non-selective β-AR antagonists are effective at reducing proliferative rates in breast cancers, however the mechanism by which this occurs is largely unknown. Methods In this study, we measured changes in tumor proliferation and apoptosis in a late stage breast cancer patient treated with neoadjuvant propranolol. We expounded upon these clinical findings by employing an in vitro breast cancer model, where we used cell-based assays to evaluate propranolol-mediated molecular alterations related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results Neoadjuvant propranolol decreased expression of the pro-proliferative Ki-67 and pro-survival Bcl-2 markers, and increased pro-apoptotic p53 expression in a patient with stage III breast cancer. Molecular analysis revealed that β-AR antagonism disrupted cell cycle progression and steady state levels of cyclins. Furthermore, propranolol treatment of breast cancer cells increased p53 levels, enhanced caspase cleavage, and induced apoptosis. Conclusion Collectively, these data provide support for the incorporation of β-AR antagonists into the clinical management of breast cancer, and elucidate a partial molecular mechanism explaining the efficacy of β-AR antagonists against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Montoya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA; Department of Biology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Erin Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eddy Pasquier
- CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Alireza Torabi
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Renato Aguilera
- Department of Biology, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA; Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Zeina Nahleh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Brad Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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30
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Choi SH, Koh DI, Cho SY, Kim MK, Kim KS, Hur MW. Temporal and differential regulation of KAISO-controlled transcription by phosphorylated and acetylated p53 highlights a crucial regulatory role of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12957-12974. [PMID: 31296660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulator KAISO plays a critical role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulation of p53 acetylation by histone acetyltransferase p300. KAISO potently stimulates apoptosis in cells expressing WT p53, but not in p53-mutant or p53-null cells. Here, we investigated how KAISO transcription is regulated by p53, finding four potential p53-binding sites (p53-responsive DNA elements; p53REs) located in a distal 5'-upstream regulatory element, intron 1, exon 2 coding sequence, and a 3'-UTR region. Transient transcription assays of pG5-p53RE-Luc constructs with various p53REs revealed that p53 activates KAISO (ZBTB33) transcription by acting on p53RE1 (-4326 to -4227) of the 5'-upstream region and on p53RE3 (+2929 to +2959) of the exon 2 coding region during early DNA damage responses (DDRs). ChIP and oligonucleotide pulldown assays further disclosed that p53 binds to the p53RE1 and p53RE3 sites. Moreover, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) or ATM-Rad3-related (ATR) kinase-mediated p53 phosphorylation at Ser-15 or Ser-37 residues activated KAISO transcription by binding its p53RE1 or p53RE3 sites during early DDR. p53RE1 uniquely contained three p53-binding half-sites, a structural feature important for transcriptional activation by phosphorylated p53 Ser-15·Ser-37. During the later DDR phase, a KAISO-mediated acetylated p53 form (represented by a p53QRQ acetyl-mimic) robustly activated transcription by acting on p53RE1 in which this structural feature is not significant, but it provided sufficient KAISO levels to confer a p53 "apoptotic code." These results suggest that the critical apoptosis regulator KAISO is a p53 target gene that is differently regulated by phosphorylated p53 or acetylated p53, depending on DDR stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyun Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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31
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Cowman S, Fan YN, Pizer B, Sée V. Decrease of Nibrin expression in chronic hypoxia is associated with hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in some brain tumour cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:300. [PMID: 30943920 PMCID: PMC6446413 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solid tumours are less oxygenated than normal tissues. This is called tumour hypoxia and leads to resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying such resistance have been investigated in a range of tumour types, including the adult brain tumours glioblastoma, yet little is known for paediatric brain tumours. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. We aimed to elucidate the impact of hypoxia on the sensitivity of MB cells to chemo- and radiotherapy. Methods We used two MB cell line (D283-MED and MEB-Med8A) and a widely used glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) for comparison. We applied a range of molecular and cellular techniques to measure cell survival, cell cycle progression, protein expression and DNA damage combined with a transcriptomic micro-array approach in D283-MED cells, for global gene expression analysis in acute and chronic hypoxic conditions. Results In D283-MED and U87MG, chronic hypoxia (5 days), but not acute hypoxia (24 h) induced resistance to chemotherapy and X-ray irradiation. This acquired resistance upon chronic hypoxia was present but less pronounced in MEB-Med8A cells. Using transcriptomic analysis in D283-MED cells, we found a large transcriptional remodelling upon long term hypoxia, in particular the expression of a number of genes involved in detection and repair of double strand breaks (DSB) was altered. The levels of Nibrin (NBN) and MRE11, members of the MRN complex (MRE11/Rad50/NBN) responsible for DSB recognition, were significantly down-regulated. This was associated with a reduction of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) activation by etoposide, indicating a profound dampening of the DNA damage signalling in hypoxic conditions. As a consequence, p53 activation by etoposide was reduced, and cell survival enhanced. Whilst U87MG shared the same dampened p53 activity, upon chemotherapeutic drug treatment in chronic hypoxic conditions, these cells used a different mechanism, independent of the DNA damage pathway. Conclusion Together our results demonstrate a new mechanism explaining hypoxia-induced resistance involving the alteration of the response to DSB in D283-MED cells, but also highlight the cell type to cell type diversity and the necessity to take into account the differing tumour genetic make-up when considering re-sensitisation therapeutic protocols. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5476-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cowman
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yuen Ngan Fan
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK.,University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Barry Pizer
- University of Liverpool and Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, member of Liverpool Health Partners., Liverpool, UK
| | - Violaine Sée
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrated Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Cell Imaging, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK.
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32
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Hafner A, Bulyk ML, Jambhekar A, Lahav G. The multiple mechanisms that regulate p53 activity and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:199-210. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kumar N, Shrungeswara AH, Mallik SB, Biswas S, Mathew J, Nandakumar K, Mathew J, Lobo R. Pinocembrin-Enriched Fractions of Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser Modulates Apoptotic and MAPK Cellular Signaling in HepG2 Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 18:1563-1572. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666180911112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cáncer mortality. Elytranthe
parasitica (L.) Danser (EP), a hemiparasitic plant (Loranthaceae) has potent anti-cancer properties.
Objective:
In the study, we investigated the effect of EP fractions on the expression of apoptosis and mitogenactivated
protein kinase (MAPK) markers deregulated in HCC. Bioactivity fractionation was performed to isolate the
phytochemical(s) exerting anti-tumor activity in HepG2 cells.
Method:
Anti-proliferative, clonogenic and anti-metastatic effects of EP fractions were examined in hepatocellular
carcinoma cell line, HepG2 by Sulphorhodamine B, colony formation and scratch wound assays respectively in
hepatocellular cell line, HepG2. The effects of EP fractions on key markers of apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathways
were explored.
</P><P>
Key findings: EP bioactive fractions showed significant anti-tumor potential, reduced clonogenicity and considerably
inhibited cell migration in HepG2 cells in vitro. The fractions augmented annexin V binding and induced apoptosis
by causing cell cycle arrest at G2/M and S phase checkpoints. The fractions increased expression levels of p53, bad,
cleaved PARP (Poly ADP ribose polymerase) and cleaved Caspase-3. Expression levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2
(Extracellular signal-regulated kinase) were downregulated. Pinocembrin-7-O-ß-D-glucoside and chrysin were isolated
and characterized for the first time from Elytranthe parasitica (L.) Danser.
Conclusion:
Our findings reveal that EP fractions induced cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis in HepG2 cells by
upregulating apoptosis and deactivating MAPK pathway. It signifies that pinocembrin glycoside and chrysin are
bioactive phytochemicals contributing to the potent anti-hepatocarcinoma effects on HepG2 cells. Hence, bioactive
EP fractions could be used as a therapeutic agent for effective HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Akhila H. Shrungeswara
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sanchari B. Mallik
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jesil Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jessy Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karnataka 576104, India
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Wang P, Bao H, Zhang XP, Liu F, Wang W. Regulation of Tip60-dependent p53 acetylation in cell fate decision. FEBS Lett 2018; 593:13-22. [PMID: 30414319 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The acetylation of p53 plays an essential role in regulating its transcriptional activity. Nevertheless, how p53 acetylation is modulated in cell fate decision is less understood. We developed a network model to reveal how Tip60-dependent p53 acetylation is regulated to modulate cellular outcome. We proposed that p53 is progressively activated and exhibits distinct dynamics depending on the severity of DNA damage. For mild damage, p53 is primarily activated to trigger cell cycle arrest by transactivating p21, with its concentration showing pulses. For severe damage, p53 is acetylated at Lysine 120 (K120) by Tip60 to trigger apoptosis by inducing PUMA, and its concentration increases to high levels. Several p53-centered feedback loops coordinate to regulate its acetylation status, ensuring a robust decision on cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
| | - Han Bao
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, China
| | | | - Feng Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
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35
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Lisowska H, Cheng L, Sollazzo A, Lundholm L, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Sommer S, Lankoff A, Wojcik A. Hypothermia modulates the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:551-557. [PMID: 29668347 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1466206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low temperature at exposure has been shown to act in a radioprotective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage. It was suggested to be due to an effective transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal damage at low temperature. The purpose of the study was to analyze the kinetics of aberration formation during the first hours after exposing human peripheral blood lymphocytes to ionizing radiation at 0.8 °C and 37 °C. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, we applied the technique of premature chromosome condensation. In addition, DNA damage response was analyzed by measuring the levels of phosphorylated DNA damage responsive proteins ATM, DNA-PK and p53 and mRNA levels of the radiation-responsive genes BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, XPC, MDM2 and CDKN1A. RESULTS A consistently lower frequency of chromosomal breaks was observed in cells exposed at 0.8 °C as compared to 37 °C already after 30 minutes postexposure. This effect was accompanied by elevated levels of phosphorylated ATM and DNA-PK proteins and a reduced immediate level of phosphorylated p53 and of the responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Low temperature at exposure appears to promote DNA repair leading to reduced transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Lisowska
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Lei Cheng
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Alice Sollazzo
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Sylwester Sommer
- c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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Wolf ER, McAtarsney CP, Bredhold KE, Kline AM, Mayo LD. Mutant and wild-type p53 form complexes with p73 upon phosphorylation by the kinase JNK. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/524/eaao4170. [PMID: 29615516 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors p53 and p73 are critical to the induction of apoptotic cell death, particularly in response to cell stress that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Mutations in the DNA-binding domain of p53, which are commonly seen in cancers, result in conformational changes that enable p53 to interact with and inhibit p73, thereby suppressing apoptosis. In contrast, wild-type p53 reportedly does not interact with p73. We found that JNK-mediated phosphorylation of Thr81 in the proline-rich domain (PRD) of p53 enabled wild-type p53, as well as mutant p53, to form a complex with p73. Structural algorithms predicted that phosphorylation of Thr81 exposes the DNA-binding domain in p53 to enable its binding to p73. The dimerization of wild-type p53 with p73 facilitated the expression of apoptotic target genes [such as those encoding p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX)] and, subsequently, the induction of apoptosis in response to JNK activation by cell stress in various cells. Thus, JNK phosphorylation of mutant and wild-type p53 promotes the formation of a p53/p73 complex that determines cell fate: apoptosis in the context of wild-type p53 or cell survival in the context of the mutant. These findings refine our current understanding of both the mechanistic links between p53 and p73 and the functional role for Thr81 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ciarán P McAtarsney
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kristin E Bredhold
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber M Kline
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lindsey D Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. .,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Ghobashi AH, Kamel MA. Tip60: updates. J Appl Genet 2018; 59:161-168. [PMID: 29549519 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity is essential for organism survival. Therefore, eukaryotic cells possess many DNA repair mechanisms in response to DNA damage. Acetyltransferase, Tip60, plays a central role in ATM and p53 activation which are involved in DNA repair. Recent works uncovered the roles of Tip60 in ATM and p53 activation and how Tip60 is recruited to double-strand break sites. Moreover, recent works have demonstrated the role of Tip60 in cancer progression. Here, we review the current understanding of how Tip60 activates both ATM and p53 in response to DNA damage and his new roles in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Ghobashi
- Human Genetics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Street, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Attenuation of cancer-initiating cells stemness properties by abrogating S100A4 calcium binding ability in head and neck cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78946-78957. [PMID: 27793047 PMCID: PMC5346689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4 is a calcium-binding protein capable of promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Previously, we have demonstrated that S100A4 is required to sustain the head and neck cancer-initiating cells (HN-CICs) subpopulation. In this study, to further investigate the molecular mechanism, we established the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines stably expressing mutant S100A4 proteins with defective calcium-binding sites on either N-terminal (NM) or C-terminal (CM), or a deletion of the last 15 amino-acid residues (CD). We showed that the NM, CM and CD harboring sphere cells that were enriched with HN-CICs population exhibited impaired stemness and malignant properties in vitro, as well as reduced tumor growth ability in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that mutant S100A4 proteins decreased the promoter activity of Nanog, likely through inhibition of p53. Moreover, the biophysical analyses of purified recombinant mutant S100A4 proteins suggest that both NM and CM mutant S100A4 were very similar to the WT S100A4 with subtle difference on the secondary structure, and that the CD mutant protein displayed the unexpected monomeric form in the solution phase.Taken together, our results suggest that both the calcium-binding ability and the C-terminal region of S100A4 are important for HN-CICs to sustain its stemness property and malignancy, and that the mechanism could be mediated by repressing p53 and subsequently activating the Nanog expression.
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Wu CE, Esfandiari A, Ho YH, Wang N, Mahdi AK, Aptullahoglu E, Lovat P, Lunec J. Targeting negative regulation of p53 by MDM2 and WIP1 as a therapeutic strategy in cutaneous melanoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:495-508. [PMID: 29235570 PMCID: PMC5830592 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is the most serious skin malignancy and new therapeutic strategies are needed for advanced melanoma. TP53 mutations are rare in cutaneous melanoma and hence activation of wild-type p53 is a potential therapeutic strategy in cutaneous melanoma. Here, we investigated the WIP1 inhibitor, GSK2830371, and MDM2-p53 binding antagonists (nutlin-3, RG7388 and HDM201) alone and in combination treatment in cutaneous melanoma cell lines and explored the mechanistic basis of these responses in relation to the genotype and induced gene expression profile of the cells. METHODS A panel of three p53WT (A375, WM35 and C8161) and three p53MUT (WM164, WM35-R and CHL-1) melanoma cell lines were used. The effects of MDM2 and WIP1 inhibition were evaluated by growth inhibition and clonogenic assays, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR gene expression profiling and flow cytometry. RESULTS GSK2830371, at doses (⩽10 μM) that alone had no growth-inhibitory or cytotoxic effects on the cells, nevertheless significantly potentiated the growth-inhibitory and clonogenic cell killing effects of MDM2 inhibitors in p53WT but not p53MUT melanoma cells, indicating the potentiation worked in a p53-dependent manner. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of p53 provided further evidence to support the p53 dependence. GSK2830371 increased p53 stabilisation through Ser15 phosphorylation and consequent Lys382 acetylation, and decreased ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation when it was combined with MDM2 inhibitors. These changes were at least partly ATM mediated, shown by reversal with the ATM inhibitor (KU55933). GSK2830371 enhanced the induction of p53 transcriptional target genes, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS GSK2830371, a WIP1 inhibitor, at doses with no growth-inhibitory activity alone, potentiated the growth-inhibitory and cytotoxic activity of MDM2 inhibitors by increasing phosphorylation, acetylation and stabilisation of p53 in cutaneous melanoma cells in a functional p53-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-En Wu
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Arman Esfandiari
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Yi-Hsuan Ho
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nan Wang
- Arraygen UK Ltd, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ahmed Khairallah Mahdi
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 10006, Iraq
| | - Erhan Aptullahoglu
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Penny Lovat
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - John Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Yee-Lin V, Pooi-Fong W, Soo-Beng AK. Nutlin-3, A p53-Mdm2 Antagonist for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 18:173-183. [PMID: 28714398 PMCID: PMC5769085 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170717125821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a form of head and neck cancer of multifactorial etiolo-gies that is highly prevalent among men in the population of Southern China and Southeast Asia. NPC has claimed many thousands of lives worldwide; but the low awareness of NPC remains a hindrance in early diagnosis and prevention of the disease. NPC is highly responsive to radiotherapy and chemothera-py, but radiocurable NPC is still dependent on concurrent treatment of megavoltage radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Despite a significant reduction in loco-regional and distant metastases, radiotherapy alone has failed to provide a significant improvement in the overall survival rate of NPC, compared to chemo-therapy. In addition, chemo-resistance persists as the major challenge in the management of metastatic NPC although the survival rate of advanced metastatic NPC has significantly improved with the admin-istration of chemotherapy adjunctive to radiotherapy. In this regard, targeted molecular therapy could be explored for the discovery of alternative NPC therapies. Nutlin-3, a small molecule inhibitor that specifi-cally targets p53-Mdm2 interaction offers new therapeutic opportunities by enhancing cancer cell growth arrest and apoptosis through the restoration of the p53-mediated tumor suppression pathway while pro-ducing minimal cytotoxicity and side effects. This review discusses the potential use of Nutlin-3 as a p53-activating drug and the future directions of its clinical research for NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voon Yee-Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Wong Pooi-Fong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
| | - Alan Khoo Soo-Beng
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia
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Roy S, Tomaszowski KH, Luzwick JW, Park S, Li J, Murphy M, Schlacher K. p53 orchestrates DNA replication restart homeostasis by suppressing mutagenic RAD52 and POLθ pathways. eLife 2018; 7:e31723. [PMID: 29334356 PMCID: PMC5832412 DOI: 10.7554/elife.31723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, p53 tumor suppressor acts in transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Yet, replication-mediated genomic instability is integral to oncogenesis, and p53 mutations promote tumor progression and drug-resistance. By delineating human and murine separation-of-function p53 alleles, we find that p53 null and gain-of-function (GOF) mutations exhibit defects in restart of stalled or damaged DNA replication forks that drive genomic instability, which isgenetically separable from transcription activation. By assaying protein-DNA fork interactions in single cells, we unveil a p53-MLL3-enabled recruitment of MRE11 DNA replication restart nuclease. Importantly, p53 defects or depletion unexpectedly allow mutagenic RAD52 and POLθ pathways to hijack stalled forks, which we find reflected in p53 defective breast-cancer patient COSMIC mutational signatures. These data uncover p53 as a keystone regulator of replication homeostasis within a DNA restart network. Mechanistically, this has important implications for development of resistance in cancer therapy. Combined, these results define an unexpected role for p53-mediated suppression of replication genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunetra Roy
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Karl-Heinz Tomaszowski
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Jessica W Luzwick
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Maureen Murphy
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Katharina Schlacher
- Department of Cancer BiologyUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
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Liu H, Luo Q, Cui H, Deng H, Kuang P, Lu Y, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Sodium fluoride causes hepatocellular S-phase arrest by activating ATM-p53-p21 and ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A pathways in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4318-4337. [PMID: 29435105 PMCID: PMC5796976 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, experimental pathology, flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot (WB) were used to evaluate the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hepatocellular cell cycle progression in mice. A total of 240 ICR mice were divided equally into four groups; the experimental groups received 12, 24, or 48 mg/kg NaF intragastrically for 42 days, while the control group received distilled water. Doses of NaF above 12 mg/kg increased the percentage of cells in S phase (S-phase arrest), reduced percentages of cells in G0/G1 or G2/M phase, and activated the ATM-p53-p21 and ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A pathways. Activation of these pathways was characterized by up-regulation of ATM, p53, p21, ATR, and Chk1 mRNA and protein expression, and down-regulation of Cdc25A, cyclin E, cyclin A, CDK2, CDK4, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA and protein expression. These results indicate that NaF caused S-phase arrest by activating the ATM-p53-p21 and ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
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Dahl ES, Aird KM. Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Modulation of Carbon Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:291. [PMID: 29238697 PMCID: PMC5712564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase has been extensively studied for its role in the DNA damage response and its association with the disease ataxia telangiectasia. There is increasing evidence that ATM also plays an important role in other cellular processes, including carbon metabolism. Carbon metabolism is highly dysregulated in cancer due to the increased need for cellular biomass. A number of recent studies report a non-canonical role for ATM in the regulation of carbon metabolism. This review highlights what is currently known about ATM's regulation of carbon metabolism, the implication of these pathways in cancer, and the development of ATM inhibitors as therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S. Dahl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Fong HY, Abd Malek SN, Yee HS, Karsani SA. Helichrysetin Induces DNA Damage that Triggers JNK-Mediated Apoptosis in Ca Ski Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:607-612. [PMID: 29200721 PMCID: PMC5701399 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_53_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer has become one of the most common cancers in women and currently available treatment options for cervical cancer are very limited. Naturally occurring chalcones and its derivatives have been studied extensively as a potential anticancer agent in different types of cancer and helichrysetin is naturally occurring chalcone that possess potent antiproliferative activity toward human cancer cells. Materials and Methods Inhibitory activity of helichrysetin was evaluated at different concentrations. Ability of helichrysetin to induce apoptosis and its relation with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated mechanism of apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results Helichrysetin inhibited Ca Ski cells at half maximal inhibitory concentration 30.62 ± 0.38 μM. This compound has the ability to induce DNA damage, mitochondrial membrane disruption, and loss of cell membrane integrity. We have shown that apoptosis was induced through the activation of JNK-mediated apoptosis by DNA damage in the cells then triggering p53-downstream apoptotic pathway with increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and caspase 3, and suppression of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein. DNA damage in the cells also caused phosphorylation of protein ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, an activator of DNA damage response. Conclusion We conclude that helichrysetin can inhibit Ca Ski cells through DNA damage-induced JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway highlighting the potential of this compound as anticancer agent for cervical cancer. SUMMARY Helichrysetin induced DNA damage in Ca Ski cellsDNA damage caused JNK-mediated phosphorylation of p53 resulting in p53-mediated apoptosisHelichrysetin is a potential DNA damage inducing agent through JNK activation to kill human cervical carcinoma cells. Abbreviations used: ATM: Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate, IC50: Half maximal inhibitory concentration, JC1-5,5',6,6'-Tetrachloro: 1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine, iodide, JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase, MMP: Mitochondrial membrane potential, PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline, SRB: Sulforhodamine B, TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yen Fong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sri Nurestri Abd Malek
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Shin Yee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Beraldi R, Meyerholz DK, Savinov A, Kovács AD, Weimer JM, Dykstra JA, Geraets RD, Pearce DA. Genetic ataxia telangiectasia porcine model phenocopies the multisystemic features of the human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2862-2870. [PMID: 28746835 PMCID: PMC5687068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a progressive multisystem autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the AT-mutated (ATM) gene. Early onset AT in children is characterized by cerebellar degeneration, leading to motor impairment. Lung disease and cancer are the two most common causes of death in AT patients. Accelerated thymic involution may contribute to the cancer, and recurrent and/or chronic respiratory infections may be a contributing factor to lung disease in AT. AT patients have fertility issues, are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation and they present oculocutaneous telangiectasia. Current treatments only slightly ameliorate disease symptoms; therapy that alters or reverses the course of the disease has not yet been discovered. Previously, we have shown that ATM-/- pigs, a novel model of AT, present with a loss of Purkinje cells, altered cerebellar cytoarchitecture and motor coordination deficits. ATM-/- porcine model not only recapitulates the neurological phenotype, but also other multifaceted clinical features of the human disease. Our current study shows that ATM-/- female pigs are infertile, with anatomical and functional signs of an immature reproductive system. Both male and female ATM-/- pigs show abnormal thymus structure with decreased cell cycle and apoptosis markers in the gland. Moreover, ATM-/- pigs have an altered immune system with decreased CD8+ and increased natural killer and CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells. Nevertheless, ATM-/- pigs manifest a deficient IgG response after a viral infection. Based on the neurological and peripheral phenotypes, the ATM-/- pig is a novel genetic model that may be used for therapeutic assessments and to identify pathomechanisms of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Beraldi
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alexei Savinov
- Diabetes Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Attila D Kovács
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Jordan A Dykstra
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Ryan D Geraets
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - David A Pearce
- Pediatric and Rare Diseases Group Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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Wan L, Zhang L, Fan K, Wang J. Aloin promotes A549 cell apoptosis via the reactive oxygen species‑mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway and p53 phosphorylation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5759-5768. [PMID: 28901386 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloin has the potential to be a novel anticancer agent in cancer therapies. However, the detailed anticancer effect of Aloin remains to be fully elucidated. The present study analyzed the p53‑dependent mechanisms in response to Aloin treatment. Using the p53‑proficient A549 cells, an Aloin‑induced apoptotic cell model was established, which was used to evaluate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The results demonstrated that 200, 300 and 400 µM Aloin induced intrinsic cell apoptosis, which was further confirmed by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and activation of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) homologous antagonist killer, Bcl‑2 X‑associated protein, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis and phorbol‑12‑myristate‑13‑acetate‑induced protein 1. Aloin‑induced apoptosis was also accompanied by the induction of p53 phosphorylation on Serine (Ser)15, Threonine 18, Ser20 and Ser392; however, there were no significant differences in the expression of p53 and mouse double minute 2 homolog. Aloin‑induced apoptosis was reactive oxygen species (ROS)‑ and c‑Jun/p38‑dependent, as specific inhibitors for ROS, phosphorylated (p)‑c‑Jun and p‑p38 may attenuate Aloin‑induced A549 cell proliferating inhibition. In conclusion, these results suggested that Aloin may induce apoptosis in A549 cells via the ROS‑mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway, with p53 phosphorylation. These results implicate Aloin as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Yim JH, Yun JM, Kim JY, Nam SY, Kim CS. Estimation of low-dose radiation-responsive proteins in the absence of genomic instability in normal human fibroblast cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1197-1206. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1350302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yim
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Mi Yun
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Department of Low-Dose Radiation Research Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cha Soon Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology Radiation Epidemiology Team, KHNP Radiation Health Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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48
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Molecular signaling cascades involved in nonmelanoma skin carcinogenesis. Biochem J 2017; 473:2973-94. [PMID: 27679857 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer worldwide and the incidence continues to rise, in part due to increasing numbers in high-risk groups such as organ transplant recipients and those taking photosensitizing medications. The most significant risk factor for NMSC is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight, specifically UVB, which is the leading cause of DNA damage, photoaging, and malignant transformation in the skin. Activation of apoptosis following UVR exposure allows the elimination of irreversibly damaged cells that may harbor oncogenic mutations. However, UVR also activates signaling cascades that promote the survival of these potentially cancerous cells, resulting in tumor initiation. Thus, the UVR-induced stress response in the skin is multifaceted and requires coordinated activation of numerous pathways controlling DNA damage repair, inflammation, and kinase-mediated signal transduction that lead to either cell survival or cell death. This review focuses on the central signaling mechanisms that respond to UVR and the subsequent cellular changes. Given the prevalence of NMSC and the resulting health care burden, many of these pathways provide promising targets for continued study aimed at both chemoprevention and chemotherapy.
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Li KP, Shanmuganad S, Carroll K, Katz JD, Jordan MB, Hildeman DA. Dying to protect: cell death and the control of T-cell homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:21-43. [PMID: 28462527 PMCID: PMC5416827 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a critical role in immune responses as they specifically recognize peptide/MHC complexes with their T-cell receptors and initiate adaptive immune responses. While T cells are critical for performing appropriate effector functions and maintaining immune memory, they also can cause autoimmunity or neoplasia if misdirected or dysregulated. Thus, T cells must be tightly regulated from their development onward. Maintenance of appropriate T-cell homeostasis is essential to promote protective immunity and limit autoimmunity and neoplasia. This review will focus on the role of cell death in maintenance of T-cell homeostasis and outline novel therapeutic strategies tailored to manipulate cell death to limit T-cell survival (eg, autoimmunity and transplantation) or enhance T-cell survival (eg, vaccination and immune deficiency).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Po Li
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sharmila Shanmuganad
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kaitlin Carroll
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Katz
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael B. Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Magness AJ, Squires JA, Griffiths B, Khan K, Swain A, Willison KR, Cunningham D, Gerlinger M, Klug DR. Multiplexed single cell protein expression analysis in solid tumours using a miniaturised microfluidic assay. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa6aae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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