1
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Guerrache A, Micheau O. TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand: Non-Apoptotic Signalling. Cells 2024; 13:521. [PMID: 38534365 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or Apo2 or TNFSF10) belongs to the TNF superfamily. When bound to its agonistic receptors, TRAIL can induce apoptosis in tumour cells, while sparing healthy cells. Over the last three decades, this tumour selectivity has prompted many studies aiming at evaluating the anti-tumoral potential of TRAIL or its derivatives. Although most of these attempts have failed, so far, novel formulations are still being evaluated. However, emerging evidence indicates that TRAIL can also trigger a non-canonical signal transduction pathway that is likely to be detrimental for its use in oncology. Likewise, an increasing number of studies suggest that in some circumstances TRAIL can induce, via Death receptor 5 (DR5), tumour cell motility, potentially leading to and contributing to tumour metastasis. While the pro-apoptotic signal transduction machinery of TRAIL is well known from a mechanistic point of view, that of the non-canonical pathway is less understood. In this study, we the current state of knowledge of TRAIL non-canonical signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Guerrache
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231, «Equipe DesCarTes», 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
- INSERM Research Center U1231, «Equipe DesCarTes», 21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, 21000 Dijon, France
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2
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Davidovich P, Higgins CA, Najda Z, Longley DB, Martin SJ. cFLIP L acts as a suppressor of TRAIL- and Fas-initiated inflammation by inhibiting assembly of caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 NF-κB-activating complexes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113476. [PMID: 37988267 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL and FasL are potent inducers of apoptosis but can also promote inflammation through assembly of cytoplasmic caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 (FADDosome) complexes, wherein caspase-8 acts as a scaffold to drive FADD/RIPK1-mediated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. cFLIP is also recruited to FADDosomes and restricts caspase-8 activity and apoptosis, but whether cFLIP also regulates death receptor-initiated inflammation is unclear. Here, we show that silencing or deletion of cFLIP leads to robustly enhanced Fas-, TRAIL-, or TLR3-induced inflammatory cytokine production, which can be uncoupled from the effects of cFLIP on caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, cFLIPL suppresses Fas- or TRAIL-initiated NF-κB activation through inhibiting the assembly of caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 FADDosome complexes, due to the low affinity of cFLIPL for FADD. Consequently, increased cFLIPL occupancy of FADDosomes diminishes recruitment of FADD/RIPK1 to caspase-8, thereby suppressing NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production downstream. Thus, cFLIP acts as a dual suppressor of apoptosis and inflammation via distinct modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Davidovich
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Catherine A Higgins
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Zaneta Najda
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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3
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Pang J, Vince JE. The role of caspase-8 in inflammatory signalling and pyroptotic cell death. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101832. [PMID: 37625331 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The programmed cell death machinery exhibits surprising flexibility, capable of crosstalk and non-apoptotic roles. Much of this complexity arises from the diverse functions of caspase-8, a cysteine-aspartic acid protease typically associated with activating caspase-3 and - 7 to induce apoptosis. However, recent research has revealed that caspase-8 also plays a role in regulating the lytic gasdermin cell death machinery, contributing to pyroptosis and immune responses in contexts such as infection, autoinflammation, and T-cell signalling. In mice, loss of caspase-8 results in embryonic lethality from unrestrained necroptotic killing, while in humans caspase-8 deficiency can lead to an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, immunodeficiency, inflammatory bowel disease or, when it can't cleave its substrate RIPK1, early onset periodic fevers. This review focuses on non-canonical caspase-8 signalling that drives immune responses, including its regulation of inflammatory gene transcription, activation within inflammasome complexes, and roles in pyroptotic cell death. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of caspase-8 function will aid in determining whether, and when, targeting caspase-8 pathways could be therapeutically beneficial in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Pang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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4
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López-Cortés R, Correa Pardo I, Muinelo-Romay L, Fernández-Briera A, Gil-Martín E. Core Fucosylation Mediated by the FucT-8 Enzyme Affects TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis and Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Human SW480 and SW620 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11879. [PMID: 37569254 PMCID: PMC10418920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells can undergo apoptosis by manipulating the balance between pro-survival and apoptotic signals. In this work, we show that TRAIL-induced apoptosis can be differentially regulated by the expression of α(1,6)fucosyltransferase (FucT-8), the only enzyme in mammals that transfers the α(1,6)fucose residue to the pentasaccharide core of complex N-glycans. Specifically, in the cellular model of colorectal cancer (CRC) progression formed using the human syngeneic lines SW480 and SW620, knockdown of the FucT-8-encoding FUT8 gene significantly enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in SW480 cells. However, FUT8 repression did not affect SW620 cells, which suggests that core fucosylation differentiates TRAIL-sensitive premetastatic SW480 cells from TRAIL-resistant metastatic SW620 cells. In this regard, we provide evidence that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 kinases can dynamically regulate TRAIL-dependent apoptosis and that core fucosylation can control the ERK/MAPK pro-survival pathway in which SW480 and SW620 cells participate. Moreover, the depletion of core fucosylation sensitises primary tumour SW480 cells to the combination of TRAIL and low doses of 5-FU, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, or mitomycin C. In contrast, a combination of TRAIL and oxaliplatin, irinotecan, or bevacizumab reinforces resistance of FUT8-knockdown metastatic SW620 cells to apoptosis. Consequently, FucT-8 could be a plausible target for increasing apoptosis and drug response in early CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Cortés
- Doctoral Program in Methods and Applications in Life Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, ES36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Isabel Correa Pardo
- Master Program in Advanced Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, ES36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, Travesía da Choupana, ES15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Almudena Fernández-Briera
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, ES36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, ES36310 Vigo, Spain;
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5
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Yi L, Sun C, Wu J, Hou Z, Li W. Molecular cloning, expressional analyses and functional identification of TRAIL in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:833-846. [PMID: 35298837 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) plays critical roles in tumour apoptosis, tissue morphogenesis and lineage determination. TNFSF10 (TRAIL or Apol-2) belongs to the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family and induces rapid apoptosis in a wide variety of tumour cell lines upon binding to death-inducing signalling receptors. In this study, we identified TNFSF10 from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and found it was most closely related to Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) TNFSF10. Amino acid identity between tilapia TNFSF10 and mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) TRAIL was 69.2%. The highest expression of TNFSF10 mRNA was observed in the liver. In vitro studies showed that the mRNA expression of TNFSF10 was significantly stimulated by LPS in head kidney leucocytes, but remarkably inhibited by Poly I:C in spleen leucocytes. In vivo studies showed Streptococcus agalactiae infection significantly induced the mRNA expression of TNFSF10 in both the head kidney and spleen. The soluble recombinant protein Trx-TNFSF10 could induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HeLa cells with cycloheximide as a promoter. Taken together, these results in this study indicate that TNFSF10 may play important roles in the immune system of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Wu
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengxin Hou
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Risso V, Lafont E, Le Gallo M. Therapeutic approaches targeting CD95L/CD95 signaling in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35301281 PMCID: PMC8931059 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell death plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Key players in the controlled induction of cell death are the Death Receptors (DR). CD95 is a prototypic DR activated by its cognate ligand CD95L triggering programmed cell death. As a consequence, alterations in the CD95/CD95L pathway have been involved in several disease conditions ranging from autoimmune diseases to inflammation and cancer. CD95L-induced cell death has multiple roles in the immune response since it constitutes one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic lymphocytes kill their targets, but it is also involved in the process of turning off the immune response. Furthermore, beyond the canonical pro-death signals, CD95L, which can be membrane-bound or soluble, also induces non-apoptotic signaling that contributes to its tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory roles. The intent of this review is to describe the role of CD95/CD95L in the pathophysiology of cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation and to discuss recently patented and emerging therapeutic strategies that exploit/block the CD95/CD95L system in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Risso
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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7
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Bozkurt E, Düssmann H, Salvucci M, Cavanagh BL, Van Schaeybroeck S, Longley DB, Martin SJ, Prehn JHM. TRAIL signaling promotes entosis in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212649. [PMID: 34546352 PMCID: PMC8563286 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entosis is a form of nonphagocytic cell-in-cell (CIC) interaction where a living cell enters into another. Tumors show evidence of entosis; however, factors controlling entosis remain to be elucidated. Here, we find that besides inducing apoptosis, TRAIL signaling is a potent activator of entosis in colon cancer cells. Initiation of both apoptosis and entosis requires TRAIL receptors DR4 and DR5; however, induction of apoptosis and entosis diverges at caspase-8 as its structural presence is sufficient for induction of entosis but not apoptosis. Although apoptosis and entosis are morphologically and biochemically distinct, knockout of Bax and Bak, or inhibition of caspases, also inhibits entotic cell death and promotes survival and release of inner cells. Analysis of colorectal cancer tumors reveals a significant association between TRAIL signaling and CIC structures. Finally, the presence of CIC structures in the invasive front regions of colorectal tumors shows a strong correlation with adverse patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Bozkurt
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Heiko Düssmann
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenton L Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Deng L, Zhai X, Liang P, Cui H. Overcoming TRAIL Resistance for Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040572. [PMID: 33919846 PMCID: PMC8070820 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) shows a promising therapeutic potential in cancer treatment as it exclusively causes apoptosis in a broad spectrum of cancer cells through triggering the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via binding to cognate death receptors, with negligible toxicity in normal cells. However, most cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), display TRAIL resistance, hindering its application in clinical practice. Recent studies have unraveled novel mechanisms in regulating TRAIL-induced apoptosis in GBM and sought effective combinatorial modalities to sensitize GBM to TRAIL treatment, establishing pre-clinical foundations and the reasonable expectation that the TRAIL/TRAIL death receptor axis could be harnessed to treat GBM. In this review, we will revisit the status quo of the mechanisms of TRAIL resistance and emerging strategies for sensitizing GBM to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and also discuss opportunities of TRAIL-based combinatorial therapies in future clinical use for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Deng
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China;
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China;
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (H.C.)
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9
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Hollomon MG, Patterson L, Santiago-O'Farrill J, Kleinerman ES, Gordon N. Knock down of Fas-Associated Protein with Death Domain (FADD) Sensitizes Osteosarcoma to TNFα-induced Cell Death. J Cancer 2020; 11:1657-1667. [PMID: 32194778 PMCID: PMC7052864 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) was first identified for its role in linking death receptors to the apoptotic signaling pathway with subsequent cell death. Later studies reported non-apoptotic functions for FADD in normal cells and cancer cells. Non-apoptotic functions for FADD in osteosarcoma (OS) have not been reported. In this study, FADD protein expression was knocked down in human CCHOSD, LM7, and SaOS2 OS cell lines followed by assessment of sensitivity to TNFα- or TRAIL-induced cell death. Knock down of FADD significantly increased TNFα-induced cell death in LM7 and SaOS2 cell lines. The mode of TNFα-induced cell death was apoptosis and not necroptosis. Inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in wildtype cells increased TNFα-induced cell death to similar levels observed in FADD knockdown cells, suggesting a role for FADD in NFκB pro-survival cell signaling. In addition, knock down of FADD increased SMAC mimetic-mediated TNFα-induced cell death in all cell lines studied. The results of this study indicate that FADD has a pro-survival function in OS following TNFα treatment that involves NFκB signaling. The results also indicate that the pro-survival function of FADD is associated with XIAP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Hollomon
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004
| | - LaNisha Patterson
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Janice Santiago-O'Farrill
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Eugenie S Kleinerman
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Nancy Gordon
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
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10
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Li H, Chen T, Sun H, Wu X, Jiang X, Ren C. Functional characterisation of Holothuria leucospilota Fas-associated death domain in the innate immune-related signalling pathways. Innate Immun 2019; 26:138-145. [PMID: 31550955 PMCID: PMC7016406 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919877680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the functions of Holothuria leucospilota Fas-associated death domain (HLFADD) in the innate immune-related signalling pathways were investigated. The results showed that over-expression of HLFADD in HEK293T cells could activate the transcription factors NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and induce the secretion of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and IL-18, suggesting the involvement of the sea cucumber FADD in activating the NF-κB and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent pathways. On the other hand, HLFADD could down-regulate the activations of NF-κB and AP-1 that induced by over-expression of H. leucospilota myeloid differentiation factor 88 (HLMyD88), which is supposed to be mediated through its interaction with HLMyD88 to keep the MyD88-dependent TLR signalling at a proper magnitude. The interaction of HLFADD and HLMyD88 were further supported by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, HLFADD could activate transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-3 and induced the secretion of downstream IFN-α and IFN-β, indicating that the sea cucumber FADD may also activate the antiviral IFN signalling pathway. In summary, our study may give new insights on the functions of sea cucumber FADD in the innate immune-related signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.,Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- CAS Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.,Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.,Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.,Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, PR China
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11
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Füllsack S, Rosenthal A, Wajant H, Siegmund D. Redundant and receptor-specific activities of TRADD, RIPK1 and FADD in death receptor signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:122. [PMID: 30741924 PMCID: PMC6370826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated redundant and receptor-specific activities of TRADD, RIPK1, and FADD in RIPK3-expressing HeLa cells lacking expression of these proteins or any combination of two of these factors. We confirmed the opposing role of FADD in TNF- and TRAIL-induced necroptosis and observed an anti-necroptotic function of TRADD. RIPK1 and TRADD act in a redundant manner in TNF- but not TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Complementary, FADD proved to be sufficient for TRAIL- but not for TNF-induced apoptosis. TRADD and RIPK1, however, redundantly mediated proinflammatory signaling in response to TNF and TRAIL. FADD deficiency sensitized more efficiently for TNFR1-mediated necroptosis than caspase-8 deficiency pointing to a caspase-8 independent inhibitory activity of FADD on TNF-induced necroptosis. Based on these characteristics, we propose a model in which the death receptor-specific activities of TRADD, RIPK1, and FADD are traced back to their hierarchically different position in TNFR1- and TRAIL death receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Füllsack
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alevtina Rosenthal
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Zhang X, Han Y, Song L, Huo L, Lai X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Hua Z. A protective role for FADD dominant negative (FADD-DN) mutant in trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced murine contact hypersensitivity reactions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:380-388. [PMID: 29277981 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a classic adaptor protein in apoptosis. Increasing evidence has shown that FADD is also implicated in T-cell development, activation and proliferation. The role of FADD in inflammatory disorders remains largely unexplored. AIM To assess the role of FADD in inflammatory disorders. METHODS We established an experimental model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) by using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) on transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant of FADD (FADD-DN), RESULTS: CHS responses were clearly attenuated in FADD-DN mice compared with control mice. In the retroauricular lymph nodes, the ratio of CD8+ T cells was also decreased. CONCLUSION FADD-DN appears to play a protective role in TNCB-induced CHS reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing Universityand Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
| | - Y Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Huo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing Universityand Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Lafont E, Hartwig T, Walczak H. Paving TRAIL's Path with Ubiquitin. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 43:44-60. [PMID: 29195774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite its name, signalling induced by the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is versatile. Besides eliciting cell death by both apoptosis and necroptosis, TRAIL can also induce migration, proliferation, and cytokine production in cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Unravelling the mechanisms regulating the intricate balance between these different outputs could therefore facilitate our understanding of the role of TRAIL in tissue homeostasis, immunity, and cancer. Ubiquitination and its reversal, deubiquitination, are crucial modulators of immune receptor signalling. This review discusses recent progress on the orchestration of TRAIL signalling outcomes by ubiquitination of various components of the signalling complexes, our understanding of the molecular switches that decide between cell death and gene activation, and what remains to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Torsten Hartwig
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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14
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von Karstedt S, Montinaro A, Walczak H. Exploring the TRAILs less travelled: TRAIL in cancer biology and therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:352-366. [PMID: 28536452 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis of cancer cells without causing toxicity in mice has led to the in-depth study of pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) signalling and the development of biotherapeutic drug candidates that activate TRAIL-Rs. The outcome of clinical trials with these TRAIL-R agonists has, however, been disappointing so far. Recent evidence indicates that many cancers, in addition to being TRAIL resistant, use the endogenous TRAIL-TRAIL-R system to their own advantage. However, novel insight on two fronts - how resistance of cancer cells to TRAIL-based pro-apoptotic therapies might be overcome, and how the pro-tumorigenic effects of endogenous TRAIL might be countered - gives reasonable hope that the TRAIL system can be harnessed to treat cancer. In this Review we assess the status quo of our understanding of the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system - as well as the gaps therein - and discuss the opportunities and challenges in effectively targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia von Karstedt
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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15
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Lafont E, Kantari-Mimoun C, Draber P, De Miguel D, Hartwig T, Reichert M, Kupka S, Shimizu Y, Taraborrelli L, Spit M, Sprick MR, Walczak H. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex regulates TRAIL-induced gene activation and cell death. EMBO J 2017; 36:1147-1166. [PMID: 28258062 PMCID: PMC5412822 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is the only known E3 ubiquitin ligase which catalyses the generation of linear ubiquitin linkages de novo LUBAC is a crucial component of various immune receptor signalling pathways. Here, we show that LUBAC forms part of the TRAIL-R-associated complex I as well as of the cytoplasmic TRAIL-induced complex II In both of these complexes, HOIP limits caspase-8 activity and, consequently, apoptosis whilst being itself cleaved in a caspase-8-dependent manner. Yet, by limiting the formation of a RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-containing complex, LUBAC also restricts TRAIL-induced necroptosis. We identify RIPK1 and caspase-8 as linearly ubiquitinated targets of LUBAC following TRAIL stimulation. Contrary to its role in preventing TRAIL-induced RIPK1-independent apoptosis, HOIP presence, but not its activity, is required for preventing necroptosis. By promoting recruitment of the IKK complex to complex I, LUBAC also promotes TRAIL-induced activation of NF-κB and, consequently, the production of cytokines, downstream of FADD, caspase-8 and cIAP1/2. Hence, LUBAC controls the TRAIL signalling outcome from complex I and II, two platforms which both trigger cell death and gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Lafont
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chahrazade Kantari-Mimoun
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego De Miguel
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Torsten Hartwig
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Reichert
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Kupka
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yutaka Shimizu
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maureen Spit
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin R Sprick
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Siegmund D, Lang I, Wajant H. Cell death-independent activities of the death receptors CD95, TRAILR1, and TRAILR2. FEBS J 2016; 284:1131-1159. [PMID: 27865080 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since their identification more than 20 years ago, the death receptors CD95, TRAILR1, and TRAILR2 have been intensively studied with respect to their cell death-inducing activities. These receptors, however, can also trigger a variety of cell death-independent cellular responses reaching from the activation of proinflammatory gene transcription programs over the stimulation of proliferation and differentiation to induction of cell migration. The cell death-inducing signaling mechanisms of CD95 and the TRAIL death receptors are well understood. In contrast, despite the increasing recognition of the biological and pathophysiological relevance of the cell death-independent activities of CD95, TRAILR1, and TRAILR2, the corresponding signaling mechanisms are less understood and give no fully coherent picture. This review is focused on the cell death-independent activities of CD95 and the TRAIL death receptors and addresses mainly three questions: (a) how are these receptors linked to noncell death pathways at the molecular level, (b) which factors determine the balance of cell death and cell death-independent activities of CD95 and the TRAIL death receptors at the cellular level, and (c) what are the consequences of the cell death-independent functions of these receptors for their role in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Siegmund
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Lang
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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17
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Mazzolini G, Sowa JP, Canbay A. Cell death mechanisms in human chronic liver diseases: a far cry from clinical applicability. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2121-2138. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The liver is constantly exposed to a host of injurious stimuli. This results in hepatocellular death mainly by apoptosis and necrosis, but also due to autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis and in some cases by an intricately balanced combination thereof. Overwhelming and continuous cell death in the liver leads to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Although data from various disease models may suggest a specific (predominant) cell death mode for different aetiologies, the clinical reality is not as clear cut. Reliable and non-invasive cell death markers are not available in general practice and assessment of cell death mode to absolute certainty from liver biopsies does not seem feasible, yet. Various aetiologies probably induce different predominant cell death modes within the liver, although the death modes involved may change during disease progression. Moreover, current methods applicable in patients are limited to surrogate markers for apoptosis (M30), and possibly for pyroptosis (IL-1 family) and necro(pto)sis (HMGB1). Although markers for some death modes are not available at all (autophagy), others may not be specific for a cell death mode or might not always definitely indicate dying cells. Physicians need to take care in asserting the presence of cell death. Still the serum-derived markers are valuable tools to assess severity of chronic liver diseases. This review gives a short overview of known hepatocellular cell death modes in various aetiologies of chronic liver disease. Also the limitations of current knowledge in human settings and utilization of surrogate markers for disease assessment are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mazzolini
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Medicas Aplicadas, Universidad Austral-CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Pilar Centro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jan-Peter Sowa
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Huang Y, Yang X, Xu T, Kong Q, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wei Y, Wang G, Chang KJ. Overcoming resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in solid tumor cells by simultaneously targeting death receptors, c-FLIP and IAPs. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:153-63. [PMID: 27210546 PMCID: PMC4902065 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the TRAIL protein and its death receptors DR4/5 changed the horizon of cancer research because TRAIL specifically kills cancer cells. However, the validity of TRAIL-based cancer therapies has yet to be established, as most cancer cells are TRAIL-resistant. In this report, we demonstrate that TRAIL-resistance of many cancer cell lines can be overcome after siRNA- or rocaglamide-mediated downregulation of c-FLIP expression and simultaneous inhibition of IAPs activity using AT406, a pan-antagonist of IAPs. Combined triple actions of the TRAIL, the IAPs inhibitor, AT406, and the c-FLIP expression inhibitor, rocaglamide (ART), markedly improve TRAIL-induced apoptotic effects in most solid cancer cell lines through the activation of an extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Furthermore, this ART combination does not harm normal cells. Among the 18 TRAIL-resistant cancer cell lines used, 15 cell lines become sensitive or highly sensitive to ART, and two out of three glioma cell lines exhibit high resistance to ART treatment due to very low levels of procaspase-8. This study provides a rationale for the development of TRAIL-induced apoptosis-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Tianrui Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuehai Shen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Kwen-Jen Chang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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Liesche C, Venkatraman L, Aschenbrenner S, Grosse S, Grimm D, Eils R, Beaudouin J. Death receptor-based enrichment of Cas9-expressing cells. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:17. [PMID: 26883910 PMCID: PMC4755021 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system has greatly facilitated and expanded our capacity to engineer mammalian genomes, including targeted gene knock-outs. However, the phenotyping of the knock-out effect requires a high DNA editing efficiency. Results Here, we report a user-friendly strategy based on the extrinsic apoptosis pathway that allows enrichment of a polyclonal gene-edited cell population, by selecting Cas9-transfected cells that co-express dominant-negative mutants of death receptors. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway can be triggered in many mammalian cell types, and ligands are easy to produce, do not require purification and kill much faster than the state-of-the-art selection drug puromycin. Stringent assessment of our advanced selection strategy via Sanger sequencing, T7 endonuclease I (T7E1) assay and direct phenotyping confirmed a strong and rapid enrichment of Cas9-expressing cell populations, in some cases reaching up to 100 % within one hour. Notably, the efficiency of target DNA cleavage in these enriched cells reached high levels that exceeded the reliable range of the T7E1 assay, a conclusion that can be generalized for editing efficiencies above 30 %. Moreover, our data emphasize that the insertion and deletion pattern induced by a specific gRNA is reproducible across different cell lines. Conclusions The workflow and the findings reported here should streamline a wide array of future low- or high-throughput gene knock-out screens, and should largely improve data interpretation from CRISPR experiments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0250-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liesche
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant BQ0020, University of Heidelberg, and Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - L Venkatraman
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant BQ0020, University of Heidelberg, and Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - S Aschenbrenner
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant BQ0020, University of Heidelberg, and Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - S Grosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg University Hospital, BioQuant BQ0030, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - D Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg University Hospital, BioQuant BQ0030, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - R Eils
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant BQ0020, University of Heidelberg, and Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J Beaudouin
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics at the Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology and BioQuant BQ0020, University of Heidelberg, and Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Bisle S, Klingenbeck L, Borges V, Sobotta K, Schulze-Luehrmann J, Menge C, Heydel C, Gomes JP, Lührmann A. The inhibition of the apoptosis pathway by the Coxiella burnetii effector protein CaeA requires the EK repetition motif, but is independent of survivin. Virulence 2016; 7:400-12. [PMID: 26760129 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1139280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSRTACT Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes Query (Q) fever, a zoonotic disease. It requires a functional type IV secretion system (T4SS) which translocate bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm and thereby facilitates bacterial replication. To date, more than 130 effector proteins have been identified, but their functions remain largely unknown. Recently, we demonstrated that one of these proteins, CaeA (CBU1524) localized to the host cell nucleus and inhibited intrinsic apoptosis of HEK293 or CHO cells. In the present study we addressed the question whether CaeA also affects the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Ectopic expression of CaeA reduced extrinsic apoptosis and prevented the cleavage of the executioner caspase 7, but did not impair the activation of initiator caspase 9. CaeA expression resulted in an up-regulation of survivin (an inhibitor of activated caspases), which, however, was not causal for the anti-apoptotic effect of CaeA. Comparing the sequence of CaeA from 25 different C. burnetii isolates we identified an EK (glutamic acid/ lysine) repetition motif as a site of high genetic variability. The EK motif of CaeA was essential for the anti-apoptotic activity of CaeA. From these data, we conclude that the C. burnetii effector protein CaeA interferes with the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway. The process requires the EK repetition motif of CaeA, but is independent of the upregulated expression of survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bisle
- a Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Leonie Klingenbeck
- a Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Vítor Borges
- b Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Katharina Sobotta
- c Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis , Jena , Germany
| | - Jan Schulze-Luehrmann
- a Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- c Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis , Jena , Germany
| | - Carsten Heydel
- d Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus Liebig Universität Gießen , Gießen , Germany
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- b Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Anja Lührmann
- a Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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21
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Cho HM, Sun W. Control of Mitochondrial Dynamics by Fas-induced Caspase-8 Activation in Hippocampal Neurons. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:219-25. [PMID: 26412971 PMCID: PMC4580749 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells undergo apoptosis mainly via two pathways-the mitochondrial pathway and the cytosolic pathway. It has been well documented that activation of the mitochondrial pathway promotes mitochondrial fragmentation and inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation partly represses cell death. However, the mitochondrial events following activation of the cytosolic pathway are less understood. In this study, we treated Fas-activating antibody and found mitochondrial fragmentation without cell death in hippocampal primary neurons and HT-22 cell lines. Fas antibody treatment, in fact, promoted rapid activation of caspase-8, while executioner caspase-3 activation was not observed. Furthermore, blockage of caspase-8 efficiently prevented Fas antibody-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. These results suggest that the cytosolic pathway induced by death receptor activation promotes caspase-8-dependent mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Min Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21, Seoul 02841, Korea
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22
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Amarante-Mendes GP, Griffith TS. Therapeutic applications of TRAIL receptor agonists in cancer and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 155:117-31. [PMID: 26343199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL/Apo-2L is a member of the TNF superfamily first described as an apoptosis-inducing cytokine in 1995. Similar to TNF and Fas ligand, TRAIL induces apoptosis in caspase-dependent manner following TRAIL death receptor trimerization. Because tumor cells were shown to be particularly sensitive to this cytokine while normal cells/tissues proved to be resistant along with being able to synthesize and release TRAIL, it was rapidly appreciated that TRAIL likely served as one of our major physiologic weapons against cancer. In line with this, a number of research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies have attempted to exploit the ability of TRAIL to kill cancer cells by developing recombinant forms of TRAIL or TRAIL receptor agonists (e.g., receptor-specific mAb) for therapeutic purposes. In this review article we will describe the biochemical pathways used by TRAIL to induce different cell death programs. We will also summarize the clinical trials related to this pathway and discuss possible novel uses of TRAIL-related therapies. In recent years, the physiological importance of TRAIL has expanded beyond being a tumoricidal molecule to one critical for a number of clinical settings - ranging from infectious disease and autoimmunity to cardiovascular anomalies. We will also highlight some of these conditions where modulation of the TRAIL/TRAIL receptor system may be targeted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil.
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
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23
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Ma TY, Wu JY, Gao XK, Wang JY, Zhan XL, Li WS. Molecular cloning, functional identification and expressional analyses of FasL in Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:448-460. [PMID: 24950416 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
FasL is the most extensively studied apoptosis ligand. In 2000, tilapia FasL was identified using anti-human FasL monoclonal antibody by Evans's research group. Recently, a tilapia FasL-like protein of smaller molecule weight was predicted in Genbank (XM_003445156.2). Based on several clues drawn from previous studies, we cast doubt on the authenticity of the formerly identified tilapia FasL. Conversely, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the existence of the predicted FasL-like was verified at the mRNA level (The Genbank accession number of the FasL mRNA sequence we cloned is KM008610). Through multiple alignments, this FasL-like protein was found to be highly similar to the FasL of the Japanese flounder. Moreover, we artificially expressed the functional region of the predicted protein and later confirmed its apoptosis-inducing activity using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, Annexin-V/Propidium iodide (PI) double staining, and DNA fragment detection. Supported by these evidences, we suggest that the predicted protein is the authentic tilapia FasL. To advance this research further, tilapia FasL mRNA and its protein across different tissues were quantified. High expression levels were identified in the tilapia immune system and sites where active cell turnover conservatively occurs. In this regard, FasL may assume an active role in the immune system and cell homeostasis maintenance in tilapia, similar to that shown in other species. In addition, because the distribution pattern of FasL mRNA did not synchronize with that of the protein, post-transcriptional expression regulation is suggested. Such regulation may be dominated by potential adenylate- and uridylate-rich elements (AREs) featuring AUUUA repeats found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of tilapia FasL mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-yang Ma
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jin-ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Xiao-ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jing-yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xu-liang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wen-sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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Zhang XY, Yang BY, Wang JY, Mo X, Zhang J, Hua ZC. FADD is essential for glucose uptake and survival of thymocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:202-7. [PMID: 25078620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) has been implicated in T lymphocytes, but the nature of FADD-dependent mechanism in early T cell development has not been completely elucidated. In this study, using T-cell specific deletion mice, we observed that FADD deficiency in thymocytes led to increased apoptosis and reduced cell numbers, which may be attributed to the reduction of Glut1 expression and correspondingly decreased glucose uptake. Furthermore, an abnormal transduction of Akt signaling was discovered in FADD(-/-) thymocytes, which may be responsible for the declined Glut1 expression. Collectively, our results demonstrate the new function of FADD in glucose metabolism and survival of early T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bing-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, PR China; Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu Target-Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, PR China.
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CD40-directed scFv-TRAIL fusion proteins induce CD40-restricted tumor cell death and activate dendritic cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e916. [PMID: 24232092 PMCID: PMC3847307 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy concepts often aim at the induction of adjuvant antitumor immunity or stimulation of tumor cell apoptosis. There is further evidence that combined application of immune stimulating and tumor apoptosis-inducing compounds elicits a synergistic antitumor effect. Here, we describe the development and characterization of bifunctional fusion proteins consisting of a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) domain derived from the CD40-specific monoclonal antibody G28-5 that is fused to the N-terminus of stabilized trimeric soluble variants of the death ligand TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). As shown before by us and others for other cell surface antigen-targeted scFv-TRAIL fusion proteins, scFv:G28-TRAIL displayed an enhanced capacity to induce apoptosis upon CD40 binding. Studies with scFv:G28 fusion proteins of TRAIL mutants that discriminate between the two TRAIL death receptors, TRAILR1 and TRAILR2, further revealed that the CD40 binding-dependent mode of apoptosis induction of scFv:G28-TRAIL is operable with each of the two TRAIL death receptors. Binding of scFv:G28-TRAIL fusion proteins to CD40 not only result in enhanced TRAIL death receptor signaling but also in activation of the targeted CD40 molecule. In accordance with the latter, the scFv:G28-TRAIL fusion proteins triggered strong CD40-mediated maturation of dendritic cells. The CD40-targeted TRAIL fusion proteins described in this study therefore represent a novel type of bifunctional fusion proteins that couple stimulation of antigen presenting cells and apoptosis induction.
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Flusberg DA, Sorger PK. Modulating cell-to-cell variability and sensitivity to death ligands by co-drugging. Phys Biol 2013; 10:035002. [PMID: 23735516 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/10/3/035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) holds promise as an anti-cancer therapeutic but efficiently induces apoptosis in only a subset of tumor cell lines. Moreover, even in clonal populations of responsive lines, only a fraction of cells dies in response to TRAIL and individual cells exhibit cell-to-cell variability in the timing of cell death. Fractional killing in these cell populations appears to arise not from genetic differences among cells but rather from differences in gene expression states, fluctuations in protein levels and the extent to which TRAIL-induced death or survival pathways become activated. In this study, we ask how cell-to-cell variability manifests in cell types with different sensitivities to TRAIL, as well as how it changes when cells are exposed to combinations of drugs. We show that individual cells that survive treatment with TRAIL can regenerate the sensitivity and death-time distribution of the parental population, demonstrating that fractional killing is a stable property of cell populations. We also show that cell-to-cell variability in the timing and probability of apoptosis in response to treatment can be tuned using combinations of drugs that together increase apoptotic sensitivity compared to treatment with one drug alone. In the case of TRAIL, modulation of cell-to-cell variability by co-drugging appears to involve a reduction in the threshold for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Flusberg
- Center for Cell Decision Processes, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Grunert M, Gottschalk K, Kapahnke J, Gündisch S, Kieser A, Jeremias I. The adaptor protein FADD and the initiator caspase-8 mediate activation of NF-κB by TRAIL. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e414. [PMID: 23096115 PMCID: PMC3481141 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides inducing apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) activates NF-κB. The apoptosis signaling pathway of TRAIL is well characterized involving TRAIL receptors, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and caspase-8. In contrast, the molecular mechanism of TRAIL signaling to NF-κB remains controversial. Here, we characterized the receptor–proximal mediators of NF-κB activation by TRAIL. Deletion of the DD of TRAIL receptors 1 and 2 revealed that it is essential in NF-κB signaling. Because FADD interacts with the TRAIL receptor DD, FADD was tested. RNAi-mediated knockdown of FADD or FADD deficiency in JURKAT T-cell leukemia cells decreased or disabled NF-κB signaling by TRAIL. In contrast, TRAIL-induced activation of NF-κB was maintained upon loss of receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) or knockdown of FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP). Exogenous expression of FADD rescued TRAIL-induced NF-κB signaling. Loss-of-function mutations of FADD within the RHDLL motif of the death effector domain, which is required for TRAIL-induced apoptosis, abrogated FADD's ability to recruit caspase-8 and mediate NF-κB activation. Accordingly, deficiency of caspase-8 inhibited TRAIL-induced activation of NF-κB, which was rescued by wild-type caspase-8, but not by a catalytically inactive caspase-8 mutant. These data establish the mechanism of TRAIL-induced NF-κB activation involving the TRAIL receptor DD, FADD and caspase-8, but not RIP1 or FLIP. Our results show that signaling of TRAIL-induced apoptosis and NF-κB bifurcates downstream of caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grunert
- Research Group Apoptosis, Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Ranjan K, Surolia A, Pathak C. Apoptotic potential of Fas-associated death domain on regulation of cell death regulatory protein cFLIP and death receptor mediated apoptosis in HEK 293T cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6:155-68. [PMID: 22791313 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is a common adaptor molecule which plays an important role in transduction of death receptor mediated apoptosis. The FADD provides DED motif for binding to both procaspase-8 and cFLIP molecules which executes death receptor mediated apoptosis. Dysregulated expression of FADD and cFLIP may contribute to inhibition of apoptosis and promote cell survival in cancer. Moreover elevated intracellular level of cFLIP competitively excludes the binding of procaspase-8 to the death effector domain (DED) of FADD at the DISC to block the activation of death receptor signaling required for apoptosis. Increasing evidence shows that defects in FADD protein expression are associated with progression of malignancies and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, improved expression and function of FADD may provide new paradigms for regulation of cell proliferation and survival in cancer. In the present study, we have examined the potential of FADD in induction of apoptosis by overexpression of FADD in HEK 293T cells and validated further its consequences on the expression of pro and anti-apoptotic proteins besides initiation of death receptor mediated signaling. We have found deficient expression of FADD and elevated expression of cFLIP(L) in HEK 293T cells. Our results demonstrate that over expression of FADD attenuates the expression of anti-apoptotic protein cFLIP and activates the cascade of extrinsic caspases to execution of apoptosis in HEK 293T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishu Ranjan
- Cell Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, 382007, India
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29
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Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A. Sarcopenia and cachexia: the adaptations of negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2012; 3:77-94. [PMID: 22476916 PMCID: PMC3374017 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-011-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of muscle, and how anabolic and catabolic stimuli interact to control muscle mass and function, have led to new interest in the pharmacological treatment of muscle wasting. Loss of muscle occurs as a consequence of several chronic diseases (cachexia) as well as normal aging (sarcopenia). Although many negative regulators [Atrogin-1, muscle ring finger-1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), myostatin, etc.] have been proposed to enhance protein degradation during both sarcopenia and cachexia, the adaptation of mediators markedly differs among these conditions. Sarcopenic and cachectic muscles have been demonstrated to be abundant in myostatin- and apoptosis-linked molecules. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is activated during many different types of cachexia (cancer cachexia, cardiac heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), but not many mediators of the UPS change during sarcopenia. NF-κB signaling is activated in cachectic, but not in sarcopenic, muscle. Some studies have indicated a change of autophagic signaling during both sarcopenia and cachexia, but the adaptation remains to be elucidated. This review provides an overview of the adaptive changes in negative regulators of muscle mass in both sarcopenia and cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan,
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30
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Mojic M, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Dinic S, Grdovic N, Miljkovic D, Stosic-Grujicic S, Tumino S, Fagone P, Mangano K, Zocca MB, Al-Abed Y, McCubrey JA, Nicoletti F. Saquinavir-NO-targeted S6 protein mediates sensitivity of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells to TRAIL. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1174-82. [PMID: 22370480 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.6.19611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the NO-modified form of HIV protease inhibitor Saquinavir (Saq) is a potent antitumoral agent efficient against numerous tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In acute toxicity studies, doses of Saq-NO equivalent to DL100 of the parental drug were completely nontoxic. Beside direct effect on malignant cell growth, Saq-NO sensitizes certain type of cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cell death. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Saq-NO on androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP. Saq-NO inhibited both the growth of LNCaP cells in vitro and in xenograft models. Suppression of tumor growth was accompanied with cell cycle arrest in G 0/G 1 phase and established a persistent inhibition of proliferation. Furthermore, Saq-NO reverted sensitivity of LNCaP cells to TRAIL but not to TNF. Treatment of cells with Saq-NO induced transient upregulation of Akt and ERK1/2. This, however, did not represent the primary mode of action of Saq-NO, as elimination with specific inhibitors did not compromise the chemotherapic efficacy of the drug. However, permanent abrogation of phosphorylation of the S6 protein, which is the downstream target of both signaling pathways, was observed. Diminished S6 phosphorylation was associated with re-established sensitivity to TRAIL and reduction of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). In summary, NO modification of Saq led to a new chemical entity with stronger and more pleiotropic antitumor activity than the parental drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mojic
- Department of Immunology; Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
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31
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Schinske KA, Nyati S, Khan AP, Williams TM, Johnson TD, Ross BD, Tomás RP, Rehemtulla A. A novel kinase inhibitor of FADD phosphorylation chemosensitizes through the inhibition of NF-κB. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1807-17. [PMID: 21859840 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a cytosolic adapter protein essential for mediating death receptor-induced apoptosis. It has also been implicated in a number of nonapoptotic activities including embryogenesis, cell-cycle progression, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis. Our recent studies have shown that high levels of phosphorylated FADD (p-FADD) in tumor cells correlate with increased activation of the antiapoptotic transcription factor NF-κB and is a biomarker for aggressive disease and poor clinical outcome. These findings suggest that inhibition of FADD phosphorylation is a viable target for cancer therapy. A high-throughput screen using a cell-based assay for monitoring FADD-kinase activity identified NSC 47147 as a small molecule inhibitor of FADD phosphorylation. The compound was evaluated in live cells and mouse tumors for its efficacy as an inhibitor of FADD-kinase activity through the inhibition of casein kinase 1α. NSC 47147 was shown to decrease levels of p-FADD and NF-κB activity such that combination therapy leads to greater induction of apoptosis and enhanced tumor control than either agent alone. The studies described here show the utility of bioluminescent cell-based assays for the identification of active compounds and the validation of drug-target interaction in a living subject. In addition, the presented results provide proof-of-principle studies as to the validity of targeting FADD-kinase activity as a novel cancer therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Schinske
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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32
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Jane EP, Premkumar DR, Pollack IF. Bortezomib sensitizes malignant human glioma cells to TRAIL, mediated by inhibition of the NF-{kappa}B signaling pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:198-208. [PMID: 21220502 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has significant apoptosis-inducing activity in some glioma cell lines, although many lines are either moderately or completely resistant, which has limited the therapeutic applicability of this agent. Because our recent studies showed that inhibition of proteasomal function may be independently active as an apoptosis-inducing stimulus in these tumors, we investigated the sensitivity of a panel of glioma cell lines (U87, T98G, U373, A172, LN18, LN229, LNZ308, and LNZ428) to TRAIL alone and in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Analysis of these cell lines revealed marked differences in their sensitivity to these treatments, with two (LNZ308 and U373) of the eight cell lines revealing no significant induction of cell death in response to TRAIL alone. No correlation was found between sensitivity of cells to TRAIL and expression of TRAIL receptors DR4, DR5, and decoy receptor DcR1, caspase 8, apoptosis inhibitory proteins XIAP, survivin, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl, and cFLIP. However, TRAIL-resistant cell lines exhibited a high level of basal NF-κB activity. Bortezomib was capable of potentiating TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cells in a caspase-dependent fashion. Bortezomib abolished p65/NF-κB DNA-binding activity, supporting the hypothesis that inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is critical for the enhancement of TRAIL sensitization in glioma cells. Moreover, knockdown of p65/NF-κB by shRNA also enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis, indicating that p65/NF-κB may be important in mediating TRAIL sensitivity and the effect of bortezomib in promoting TRAIL sensitization and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P Jane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 3705 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Yerbes R, López-Rivas A. Itch/AIP4-independent proteasomal degradation of cFLIP induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA sensitizes breast tumour cells to TRAIL. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:541-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shirley S, Micheau O. Targeting c-FLIP in cancer. Cancer Lett 2010; 332:141-50. [PMID: 21071136 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular-FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a key anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits cell death mediated by the death receptors Fas, DR4, DR5, and TNF-R1. Three splice variants of c-FLIP function at the DISC level by blocking the processing and activation of procaspase-8 and -10. Overexpression of c-FLIP has been identified in many different tumour types, and its downregulation in vitro has been shown to restore apoptosis mediated by CD95L and TRAIL. c-FLIP therefore represents a promising target for cancer therapy. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that control c-FLIP expression and current research into inhibitors of the protein. Increasing evidence supports the investigation of c-FLIP as a therapeutic target to restore an apoptotic response in cancer cells.
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35
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FADD: a regulator of life and death. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:260-9. [PMID: 20576468 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
FAS-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is the key adaptor protein transmitting apoptotic signals mediated by the main death receptors (DRs). Besides being an essential instrument in cell death, FADD is also implicated in proliferation, cell cycle progression, tumor development, inflammation, innate immunity, and autophagy. Recently, many of these new functions of FADD were shown to be independent of DRs. Moreover, FADD function is dictated by protein localization and phosphorylation state. Thus, FADD is a crucial and unique controller of many essential cellular processes. The full understanding of the networks dictating the ultimate function of FADD may provide a new paradigm for other multifaceted proteins.
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The role of FasL and Fas in health and disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 647:64-93. [PMID: 19760067 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89520-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The FS7-associated cell surface antigen (Fas, also named CD95, APO-1 or TNFRSF6) attracted considerable interest in the field of apoptosis research since its discovery in 1989. The groups of Shin Yonehara and Peter Krammer were the first reporting extensive apoptotic cell death induction upon treating cells with Fas-specific monoclonal antibodies.1,2 Cloning of Fas3 and its ligand,4,5 FasL (also known as CD178, CD95L or TNFSF6), laid the cornerstone in establishing this receptor-ligand system as a central regulator of apoptosis in mammals. Therapeutic exploitation of FasL-Fas-mediated cytotoxicity was soon an ambitous goal and during the last decade numerous strategies have been developed for its realization. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce essential general aspects of the FasL-Fas system before reviewing its physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Finally, FasL-Fas-related therapeutic tools and concepts will be addressed.
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Vaculova A, Kaminskyy V, Jalalvand E, Surova O, Zhivotovsky B. Doxorubicin and etoposide sensitize small cell lung carcinoma cells expressing caspase-8 to TRAIL. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:87. [PMID: 20416058 PMCID: PMC2876059 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRAIL is considered as a promising anti-cancer agent, because of its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer but not in most normal cells. However, growing evidence exist that many cancer cells are resistant to its apoptotic effects. SCLC is a typical example of tumor entity where TRAIL monotherapy is not efficient. RESULTS We demonstrated that doxorubicin and etoposide markedly sensitized SCLC cells expressing caspase-8 to apoptotic effects of TRAIL. The drug-mediated sensitization of these cells was associated with increase of surface and total DR5 protein level, specific cleavage of cFLIPL, decrease of cFLIPS level, and a strong activation of caspase-8. The involvement of mitochondria-mediated pathway was demonstrated by enhanced Bid cleavage, Bax activation, and cytochrome c release. Activation of caspase-8 induced by combined treatment was shown to occur upstream of mitochondria and effector caspases. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight significant applicability of doxorubicin and etoposide in sensitization of SCLC cells expressing caspase-8 to treatment with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Vaculova
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Ehrenschwender M, Siegmund D, Wicovsky A, Kracht M, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Spindler V, Waschke J, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A, Wajant H. Mutant PIK3CA licenses TRAIL and CD95L to induce non-apoptotic caspase-8-mediated ROCK activation. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1435-47. [PMID: 20379197 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutively active PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) interfered with apoptosis induction downstream of death receptor-signaling complex formation allowing robust caspase-8 activation without triggering the execution steps of apoptosis. In mutant PIK3CA-expressing cells, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and CD95L stimulated nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation, invasion, and transition to an amoeboid-like morphology. NFkappaB activation and adoption of amoeboid shape were inhibited by caspase-8 knockdown or FLIP-S expression, but only the cell morphology alterations required caspase-8 activity. Furthermore, we identified caspase-8-mediated, caspase-3-independent cleavage of the protein kinase rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 as a novel mechanism for acquiring amoeboid shape and enhanced invasiveness in response to TRAIL and CD95L. Taken together, we provide evidence that mutated PIK3CA converts the 'tumor surveillance' activity of cancer cell-expressed death receptors and caspase-8 toward tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ehrenschwender
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Sánchez-Pérez T, Ortiz-Ferrón G, López-Rivas A. Mitotic arrest and JNK-induced proteasomal degradation of FLIP and Mcl-1 are key events in the sensitization of breast tumor cells to TRAIL by antimicrotubule agents. Cell Death Differ 2009; 17:883-94. [PMID: 19942932 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumor cells are often resistant to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/APO-2 L). Here, we describe the sensitization by microtubule-interfering agents (MIAs) to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast tumor cells through a mitotic arrest and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent mechanism. MIA treatment resulted in BubR1-dependent mitotic arrest leading to the sustained activation of JNK and the proteasome-mediated downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 abrogated MIA-induced mitotic arrest and downregulation of cFLIP and Mcl-1 and reduced the apoptosis caused by the combination of MIAs and TRAIL. Silencing of cFLIP and Mcl-1 expression by RNA interference resulted in a marked sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in FLIP-overexpressing cells, MIA-induced sensitization to TRAIL-activated apoptosis was markedly reduced. In summary, our results show that mitotic arrest imposed by MIAs activates JNK and facilitates TRAIL-induced activation of an apoptotic pathway in breast tumor cells by promoting the proteasome-mediated degradation of cFLIP and Mcl-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sánchez-Pérez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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Berg D, Stühmer T, Siegmund D, Müller N, Giner T, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Kracht M, Bargou R, Wajant H. Oligomerized tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand strongly induces cell death in myeloma cells, but also activates proinflammatory signaling pathways. FEBS J 2009; 276:6912-27. [PMID: 19895579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oligomerization status of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) trimers has an overwhelming impact on cell death induction in a cell-type dependent fashion. Thus, we evaluated the ability of single and oligomerized TRAIL trimers to induce cell death in human myeloma cells. In all myeloma cell lines analyzed, oligomerized TRAIL trimers induced caspase activation and complete cell death, whereas non-oligomerized TRAIL trimers showed no or only a modest effect. Caspase activation induced by oligomerized TRAIL was blocked in all cell lines by the pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk). Cell death induction was largely blocked in two cell lines by z-VAD-fmk, but was only marginally attenuated in three other cell lines, indicating that TRAIL induces caspase-dependent and caspase-independent cell death in myeloma cells. Preceding cell death, TRAIL activated nuclear factor kappaB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 and p42/44. Although TRAIL-induced stimulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 was caspase-dependent in a cell type-specific fashion, activation of nuclear factor kappaB and p42/44 was caspase-independent in all cases. In accordance with activation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway, we observed transcriptional up-regulation of several well established nuclear factor kappaB target genes. Furthermore, we found that TRAIL activates proinflammatory pathways in approximately 50% of primary myeloma samples. Taken together, our data suggest (a) that oligomerized TRAIL variants are necessary to ensure maximal cell death induction in myeloma cells and (b) TRAIL should be used in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs for treatment of myeloma to avoid and/or minimize any potential side-effects arising from the proinflammatory properties of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Berg
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
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41
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Wicovsky A, Salzmann S, Roos C, Ehrenschwender M, Rosenthal T, Siegmund D, Henkler F, Gohlke F, Kneitz C, Wajant H. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis inhibits proinflammatory TNF receptor-1 signaling. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1445-59. [PMID: 19557010 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) trimers induce, in a variety of cell lines, translocation of cytosolic tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-2 (TRAF2) to a triton X-100-insoluble compartment without changes in the total cellular TRAF2 content. TWEAK-induced TRAF2 translocation is paralleled by a strong increase in nuclear factor kappaB 2 (NFkappaB2)/p100 processing to p52, indicating that TRAF2 redistribution is sufficient for activation of the alternative NFkappaB pathway. In accordance with the crucial role of TRAF2 in proinflammatory, anti-apoptotic TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling, we observed that TWEAK-primed cells have a reduced capacity to activate the classical NFkappaB pathway or JNK (cJun N-terminal kinase) in response to TNF. Furthermore, TWEAK-primed cells are sensitized for the TNFR1-mediated induction of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Notably, the expression of the NFkappaB-regulated, TRAF2-interacting TRAF1 protein can attenuate TWEAK-induced depletion of the triton X-100-soluble TRAF2 fraction and improve TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling in TWEAK-primed cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that soluble TWEAK desensitizes cells for proinflammatory TNFR1 signaling and thus identify TWEAK as a modifier of TNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wicovsky
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, Würzburg 97070, Germany
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42
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Kadohara K, Nagumo M, Asami S, Tsukumo Y, Sugimoto H, Igarashi M, Nagai K, Kataoka T. Caspase-8 Mediates Mitochondrial Release of Pro-apoptotic Proteins in a Manner Independent of Its Proteolytic Activity in Apoptosis Induced by the Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Acetoxycycloheximide in Human Leukemia Jurkat Cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:5478-87. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808523200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Tang W, Wang W, Zhang Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Zheng D. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced chemokine release in both TRAIL-resistant and TRAIL-sensitive cells via nuclear factor kappa B. FEBS J 2008; 276:581-93. [PMID: 19120450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in a variety of tumour cells, but not in most normal cells, and has attracted considerable attention for its potential use in cancer therapy. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that TRAIL is involved in inflammation, although much of this evidence is controversial. In this article, it is shown that TRAIL induces CXCL2, CCL4 and CCL20 secretion in a nuclear factor kappa B-dependent manner. The dominant negative constructs of tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD) and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 are unable to block TRAIL-induced chemokine up-regulation, and the dominant negative construct of TRADD may even enhance TRAIL-triggered signals. Using small interfering RNA, receptor interacting protein has been demonstrated to be essential for TRAIL-induced chemokine release. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved in TRAIL-induced chemokine release without any effects on nuclear factor kappa B activation, suggesting that some unknown transcription factors may be activated by TRAIL. Using a xenograft tumour model, it has been illustrated that TRAIL can also induce chemokine release in vivo. Although these chemokines induced by TRAIL are inflammatory chemokines, their functions are not restricted to inflammation and require further examination. Our results indicate that attention should be paid to the side-effects of TRAIL treatment, not only in TRAIL-resistant but also in TRAIL-sensitive tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhu Tang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
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44
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Wu J, Gong J, Geng J, Song Y. Deoxycholic acid induces the overexpression of intestinal mucin, MUC2, via NF-kB signaling pathway in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:333. [PMID: 19014523 PMCID: PMC2596174 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucin alterations are a common feature of esophageal neoplasia, and alterations in MUC2 mucin have been associated with tumor progression in the esophagus. Bile acids have been linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma and mucin secretion, but their effects on mucin gene expression in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells is unknown. Methods Human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells were treated 18 hours with 50–300 μM deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, or taurocholic acid. MUC2 transcription was assayed using a MUC2 promoter reporter luciferase construct and MUC2 protein was assayed by Western blot analysis. Transcription Nuclear factor-κB activity was measured using a Nuclear factor-κB reporter construct and confirmed by Western blot analysis for Nuclear factor-κB p65. Results MUC2 transcription and MUC2 protein expression were increased four to five fold by bile acids in a time and dose-dependent manner with no effect on cell viability. Nuclear factor-κB activity was also increased. Treatment with the putative chemopreventive agent aspirin, which decreased Nuclear factor-κB activity, also decreased MUC2 transcription. Nuclear factor-κB p65 siRNA decreased MUC2 transcription, confirming the significance of Nuclear factor-κB in MUC2 induction by deoxycholic acid. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), greatly decreased bile acid induced MUC2 transcription and Nuclear factor-κB activity, whereas inhibitors of MAP kinase had no effect. Conclusion Deoxycholic acid induced MUC2 overexpression in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells by activation of Nuclear factor-κB transcription through a process involving PKC-dependent but not PKA, independent of activation of MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China.
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Jennings J, Chen D, Feldman D. Transcriptional response of dermal fibroblasts in direct current electric fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29:394-405. [PMID: 18302142 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the course of normal wound healing, fibroblasts at the wound edge are exposed to electric fields (EFs) ranging from 40 to 200 mV/mm. Various forms of EFs influence fibroblast migration, proliferation, and protein synthesis. Thus, EFs may contribute to fibroblast activation during wound repair. To elucidate the role of EFs during the normal progression of healing, this study compares gene expression in normal adult dermal fibroblasts exposed to a 100 mV/mm EF for 1 h to non-stimulated controls. Significantly increased expression of 162 transcripts and decreased expression of 302 transcripts was detected using microarrays, with 126 transcripts above the level of 1.4-fold increases or decreases compared to the controls. Above the level of twofold, only 11 genes were significantly increased or decreased compared to controls. Many of these significantly regulated genes are associated with wound repair through the processes of matrix production, cellular signaling, and growth. Activity within specific cellular signaling pathways is noted, including TGF-beta, G-proteins, and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, RT-PCR analysis of the expression of KLF6, FN1, RGS2, and JMJD1C over continued stimulation and at different field strengths suggests that there are specific windows of field characteristics for maximum induction of these genes. EFs thus appear to have an important role in controlling fibroblast activity in the process of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jennings
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis of type II cells is blocked by Toxoplasma gondii primarily via interference with the mitochondrial amplification loop. Infect Immun 2008; 76:2905-12. [PMID: 18411295 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01546-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii induces persistent infections in various hosts and is an important opportunistic pathogen of humans with immature or deficient immune responses. The ability to survive intracellularly largely depends on the blocking of different proapoptotic signaling cascades of its host cell. Fas/CD95 triggers an apoptotic cascade that is crucial for immunity and the outcome of infectious diseases. We have determined the mechanism by which T. gondii counteracts death receptor-mediated cell death in type II cells that transduce Fas/CD95 ligation via caspase 8-mediated activation of the mitochondrial amplification loop. The results showed that infection with T. gondii significantly reduced Fas/CD95-triggered apoptosis in HeLa cells by inhibiting the activities of initiator caspases 8 and 9 and effector caspase 3/7. Parasitic infection dose dependently diminished cleavage of caspase 8, the BH3-only protein Bid, and the downstream caspases 9 and 3. Importantly, interference with Fas/CD95-triggered caspase 8 and caspase 3/7 activities after parasitic infection was largely dependent on the presence of caspase 9. Within the mitochondrial amplification loop, T. gondii significantly inhibited the Fas/CD95-triggered release of cytochrome c into the host cell cytosol. These results indicate that T. gondii inhibits Fas/CD95-mediated apoptosis in type II cells primarily by decreasing the apoptogenic function of mitochondria.
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Chapter 20 Overcoming Resistance to Trail‐Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer by Regulation of c‐FLIP. Methods Enzymol 2008; 446:333-49. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(08)01620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Palacios C, Yerbes R, López-Rivas A. Flavopiridol induces cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein degradation by the proteasome and promotes TRAIL-induced early signaling and apoptosis in breast tumor cells. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8858-69. [PMID: 16951203 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol is undergoing clinical trials as an antitumor drug. We show here that pretreatment of different human breast cancer cell lines with flavopiridol facilitates tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. In breast tumor cells, apoptosis induction by TRAIL is blocked at the level of apical caspase-8 activation. Flavopiridol treatment enhances TRAIL-induced formation of death-inducing signaling complex and early processing of procaspase-8. Subsequently, a TRAIL-induced, mitochondria-operated pathway of apoptosis is activated in cells treated with flavopiridol. Down-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (c-FLIP; c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S)) is observed on flavopiridol treatment. c-FLIP loss and apoptosis sensitization by flavopiridol are both prevented in cells treated with an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, targeting c-FLIP directly with small interfering RNA oligonucleotides also sensitizes various human breast tumor cell lines to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that flavopiridol sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by facilitating early events in the apoptotic pathway, and this combination treatment could be regarded as a potential therapeutic tool against breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Palacios
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
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Diessenbacher P, Hupe M, Sprick MR, Kerstan A, Geserick P, Haas TL, Wachter T, Neumann M, Walczak H, Silke J, Leverkus M. NF-kappaB inhibition reveals differential mechanisms of TNF versus TRAIL-induced apoptosis upstream or at the level of caspase-8 activation independent of cIAP2. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:1134-47. [PMID: 17989734 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Death ligands not only activate a death program but also regulate inflammatory signalling pathways, for example, through NF-kappaB induction. Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TNF both activate NF-kappaB in human keratinocytes, only TRAIL potently induces apoptosis. However, when induction of NF-kappaB was inhibited with a kinase dead IKK2 mutant (IKK2-KD), TNF- but not TRAIL-induced apoptosis was dramatically enhanced. Acquired susceptibility to TNF-induced apoptosis was due to increased caspase-8 activation. To investigate the mechanism of resistance of HaCaT keratinocytes to TNF-induced apoptosis, we analyzed a panel of NF-kappaB-regulated effector molecules. Interestingly, the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member cIAP2, but not cIAP1, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-1, or TRAF2, was downregulated in sensitive but not in resistant HaCaT keratinocytes. Surprisingly, however, stable inducible expression of cIAP2 was not sufficient to render IKK2-KD-sensitized keratinocytes resistant to TNF, and reduction of cIAP2 alone did not increase the sensitivity of HaCaT keratinocytes to TNF. In conclusion, we demonstrate that inhibition of NF-kappaB dramatically sensitizes human keratinocytes to TNF- but not to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and that this sensitization for TNF was largely independent of cIAP2. Our data thus clearly exclude the candidates proposed to date to confer TNF apoptosis resistance and suggest the function of an unanticipated effector of NF-kappaB critical for the survival of HaCaT keratinocytes upstream or at the level of caspase-8 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Diessenbacher
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Altemeier WA, Zhu X, Berrington WR, Harlan JM, Liles WC. Fas (CD95) induces macrophage proinflammatory chemokine production via a MyD88-dependent, caspase-independent pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:721-8. [PMID: 17576821 PMCID: PMC4492281 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1006652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the prototypical death receptor, Fas (CD95), can induce both caspase-dependent cell death and production of proinflammatory chemokines, leading to neutrophil recruitment and end-organ injury. The precise mechanism(s) by which Fas up-regulates chemokine production and release, is currently unclear. We hypothesized that Fas-induced chemokine release by macrophages is dependent on the MyD88 adaptor molecule and independent of caspase activity. To test this hypothesis, we measured chemokine response to Fas activation both in RAW 264.7 cells with RNAi-attenuated MyD88 expression and in MyD88-deficient primary macrophages. We found that Fas-induced chemokine release was abrogated in the absence of MyD88. In vivo, MyD88(-/-) mice had impaired CXCL1/KC release and polymorphonuclear cell recruitment in response to intratracheal treatment with the Fas-activating monoclonal antibody, Jo-2. Furthermore, Fas-induced chemokine release was not dependent on either IL-1 receptor signaling or on caspase activity. We conclude that MyD88 plays an integral role in Fas-induced macrophage-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98105-6522, USA.
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