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In Search of a Mechanistic Link between Chlamydia trachomatis-Induced Cellular Pathophysiology and Oncogenesis. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0044322. [PMID: 36695575 PMCID: PMC9933725 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00443-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome duplication and cell cycle progression are essential cellular processes that must be tightly controlled to ensure cellular integrity. Despite their complex regulatory mechanisms, microbial pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to co-opt these processes to promote infection. While misregulation of these processes can greatly benefit the pathogen, the consequences to the host cell can be devastating. During infection, the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis induces gross cellular abnormalities, including supernumerary centrosomes, multipolar spindles, and defects in cytokinesis. While these observations were made over 15 years ago, identification of the bacterial factors responsible has been elusive due to the genetic intractability of Chlamydia. Recent advances in techniques of genetic manipulation now allows for the direct linking of bacterial virulence factors to manipulation of centrosome duplication and cell cycle progression. In this review, we discuss the impact, both immediate and downstream, of C. trachomatis infection on the host cell cycle regulatory apparatus and centrosome replication. We highlight links between C. trachomatis infection and cervical and ovarian cancers and speculate whether perturbations of the cell cycle and centrosome are sufficient to initiate cellular transformation. We also explore the biological mechanisms employed by Inc proteins and other secreted effector proteins implicated in the perturbation of these host cell pathways. Future work is needed to better understand the nuances of each effector's mechanism and their collective impact on Chlamydia's ability to induce host cellular abnormalities.
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Song S, Deng X, Jiang S, Tian C, Han J, Chai J, Li N, Yan Y, Luo Z. GRAP2 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24662. [PMID: 36181310 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GRAP2 is an adaptor protein involved in leukocyte signal activation; however, the prognostic value of GRAP2 and its correlation with immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are unclear. METHODS Original data were downloaded from the TCGA database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GRAP2 expression was analyzed with the TCGA and TIMER databases. We evaluated the influence of GRAP2 on clinical prognosis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEO, and GEPIA database. The TIMER and TISIDB databases were used to investigate correlations between GRAP2 expression and cancer immune characteristics. Finally, we confirmed the expression of GRAP2 in LUAD by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS The transcription levels of GRAP2 were significantly lower in several human cancer types, including LUAD, than in adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that LUAD tumor tissues had lower GRAP2 protein expression levels than adjacent normal tissues. GRAP2 downregulation was associated with poorer overall survival, pathologic stage, T stage, N stage, and primary therapy outcome in LUAD. Mechanistically, we found a hub gene set that included a total of 91 genes coexpressed with GRAP2, which were closely related to the immune response in LUAD. The expression levels of GRAP2 were positively correlated with the infiltration levels of multiple immune cells and the cumulative survival time of a few immune cells. GRAP2 expression was found to be positively correlated with that of multiple immune markers, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and MHC molecules in LUAD. CONCLUSIONS GRAP2 can be used as a biomarker for assessing prognosis and immune infiltration levels in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimao Song
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinzhou Deng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- The First Clinical College of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Tian
- The First Clinical College of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiahui Han
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Union Training Base, Shiyan, China
| | - Jingjing Chai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Na Li
- The First Clinical College of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yutao Yan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Involvement of DNA Damage Response via the Ccndbp1–Atm–Chk2 Pathway in Mice with Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate-Induced Colitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133674. [PMID: 35806959 PMCID: PMC9267230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model has been widely utilized for human colitis research. While its mechanism involves a response to double-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm)–checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) pathway activation related to such response remains unreported. Recently, we reported that cyclin D1-binding protein 1 (Ccndbp1) activates the pathway reflecting DNA damage in its knockout mice. Thus, this study aimed to examine the contribution of Ccndbp1 and the Atm–Chk2 pathway in DSS-induced colitis. We assessed the effect of DSS-induced colitis on colon length, disease activity index, and histological score and on the Atm–Chk2 pathway and the subsequent apoptosis in Ccndbp1-knockout mice. DSS-induced colitis showed distal colon-dominant Atm and Chk2 phosphorylation, increase in TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and cleaved caspase 3-positive cells, and histological score increase, causing disease activity index elevation and colon length shortening. These changes were significantly ameliorated in Ccndbp1-knockout mice. In conclusion, Ccndbp1 contributed to Atm–Chk2 pathway activation in the DSS-induced colitis mouse model, causing inflammation and apoptosis of mucosal cells in the colon.
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Niwa Y, Kamimura K, Ogawa K, Oda C, Tanaka Y, Horigome R, Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Fujisawa K, Yamamoto N, Takami T, Okuda S, Ko M, Owaki T, Kimura A, Shibata O, Morita S, Sakai N, Abe H, Yokoo T, Sakamaki A, Kamimura H, Terai S. Cyclin D1 Binding Protein 1 Responds to DNA Damage through the ATM–CHK2 Pathway. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030851. [PMID: 35160302 PMCID: PMC8836734 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 binding protein 1 (CCNDBP1) is considered a tumor suppressor, and when expressed in tumor cells, CCNDBP1 can contribute to the viability of cancer cells by rescuing these cells from chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the function of CCNDBP1, which is directly related to the survival of cancer cells by escaping DNA damage and chemoresistance. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and tissues obtained from Ccndbp1 knockout mice were used for the in vitro and in vivo examination of the molecular mechanisms of CCNDBP1 associated with the recovery of cells from DNA damage. Subsequently, gene and protein expression changes associated with the upregulation, downregulation, and irradiation of CCNDBP1 were assessed. The overexpression of CCNDBP1 in HCC cells stimulated cell growth and showed resistance to X-ray-induced DNA damage. Gene expression analysis of CCNDBP1-overexpressed cells and Ccndbp1 knockout mice revealed that Ccndbp1 activated the Atm–Chk2 pathway through the inhibition of Ezh2 expression, accounting for resistance to DNA damage. Our study demonstrated that by inhibiting EZH2, CCNDBP1 contributed to the activation of the ATM–CHK2 pathway to alleviate DNA damage, leading to chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Niwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(25)-227-2207
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Chiyumi Oda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Yuto Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Ryoko Horigome
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Masato Ohtsuka
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiromi Miura
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Koichi Fujisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan; (K.F.); (N.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan; (K.F.); (N.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Yamaguchi, Japan; (K.F.); (N.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan;
| | - Masayoshi Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Takashi Owaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinichi Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Norihiro Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Niigata, Japan; (Y.N.); (K.O.); (C.O.); (Y.T.); (R.H.); (M.K.); (T.O.); (A.K.); (O.S.); (S.M.); (N.S.); (H.A.); (T.Y.); (A.S.); (H.K.); (S.T.)
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Genetic program activity delineates risk, relapse, and therapy responsiveness in multiple myeloma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:60. [PMID: 34183722 PMCID: PMC8239045 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), nearly all patients ultimately relapse and many become refractory to multiple lines of therapies. Therefore, we not only need the ability to predict which patients are at high risk for disease progression but also a means to understand the mechanisms underlying their risk. Here, we report a transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) for MM inferred from cross-sectional multi-omics data from 881 patients that predicts how 124 chromosomal abnormalities and somatic mutations causally perturb 392 transcription regulators of 8549 genes to manifest in distinct clinical phenotypes and outcomes. We identified 141 genetic programs whose activity profiles stratify patients into 25 distinct transcriptional states and proved to be more predictive of outcomes than did mutations. The coherence of these programs and accuracy of our network-based risk prediction was validated in two independent datasets. We observed subtype-specific vulnerabilities to interventions with existing drugs and revealed plausible mechanisms for relapse, including the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Investigation of the t(4;14) clinical subtype using the TRN revealed that 16% of these patients exhibit an extreme-risk combination of genetic programs (median progression-free survival of 5 months) that create a distinct phenotype with targetable genes and pathways.
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Liang RY, Liu BH, Huang CJ, Lin KT, Ko CC, Huang LL, Hsu B, Wu CY, Chuang SM. MEK2 is a critical modulating mechanism to down-regulate GCIP stability and function in cancer cells. FASEB J 2019; 34:1958-1969. [PMID: 31907980 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901911r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of tumor suppressor activity and upregulation of oncogenic pathways simultaneously contribute to tumorigenesis. Expression of the tumor suppressor, GCIP (Grap2- and cyclin D1-interacting protein), is usually reduced or lost in advanced cancers, as seen in both mouse tumor models and human cancer patients. However, no previous study has examined how cancer cells down-regulate GCIP expression. In this study, we first validate the tumor suppressive function of GCIP using clinical gastric cancer tissues and online database analysis. We then reveal a novel mechanism whereby MEK2 directly interacts with and phosphorylates GCIP at its Ser313 and Ser356 residues to promote the turnover of GCIP by ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. We also reveal that decreased GCIP stability enhances cell proliferation and promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Taken together, these findings provide a more comprehensive view of GCIP in tumorigenesis and suggest that the oncogenic MEK/ERK signaling pathway negatively regulates the protein level of GCIP to promote cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Yue Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Lun Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bin Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sarath Babu N, Krishnan S, Brahmendra Swamy CV, Venkata Subbaiah GP, Gurava Reddy AV, Idris MM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of normal and degenerated human intervertebral disc. Spine J 2016; 16:989-1000. [PMID: 27125197 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the most common disease of aging in humans. DDD is characterized by the gradual damage of the intervertebral discs. The disease is characterized by progressive dehydration of nucleus pulposus and disruption of annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disc. PURPOSE Even though it is highly prevalent, there is no effective therapy to regenerate the degenerated disc, or decrease or halt the disease progression. Therefore, novel monitoring and diagnostic tests are essential to develop an alternative therapeutic strategies which can prevent further progression of disc degeneration. STUDY DESIGN The study was designed to understand the proteome map of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues of intervertebral disc and its differential expression in patients with DDD. METHODS The proteome map of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues of intervertebral disc was cataloged involving one-dimensional gel electrophoresis-Fourier transform mass spectrometry/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (FTMS/ITMSMS) analysis. The altered proteome patterns of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues for DDD were identified using Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics coupled with FTMS/ITMSMS and network pathway analysis. RESULTS The study identified a total of 759 and 692 proteins from the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus tissues of the disc based on FTMS/ITMSMS analysis, which includes 118 proteins commonly identified between the two tissues. Vibrant changes were observed between the normal and the degenerating annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus tissues. A total of 73 and 54 proteins were identified as differentially regulated in the annulus and the nucleus tissues, respectively, between the normal and the degenerated tissues independently. Network pathway analysis mapped the differentially expressed proteins to cell adhesion, cell migration, and interleukin13 signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the current study provides a novel vision in the biomechanism of human disc degeneration and a certain number of proteins with the potential biomarker value for the preliminary diagnosis and scenario of DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Goli P Venkata Subbaiah
- Sunshine Hospitals, SMART (Sunshine Medical Academy For Research and Training), Penderghast Rd, Secunderabad, 500003, India
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Huang Y, Chen B, Ye M, Liang P, Zhangfang Y, Huang J, Liu M, Songyang Z, Ma W. Ccndbp1 is a new positive regulator of skeletal myogenesis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2767-77. [PMID: 27235421 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal myogenesis is a multistep process in which basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, such as MyoD (also known as MyoD1), bind to E-boxes and activate downstream genes. Ccndbp1 is a HLH protein that lacks a DNA-binding region, and its function in skeletal myogenesis is currently unknown. We generated Ccndbp1-null mice by using CRISPR-Cas9. Notably, in Ccndbp1-null mice, the cross sectional area of the skeletal tibialis anterior muscle was smaller, and muscle regeneration ability and grip strength were impaired, compared with those of wild type. This phenotype resembled that of myofiber hypotrophy in some human myopathies or amyoplasia. Ccndbp1 expression was upregulated during C2C12 myogenesis. Ccndbp1 overexpression promoted myogenesis, whereas knockdown of Ccndbp1 inhibited myogenic differentiation. Co-transfection of Ccndbp1 with MyoD and/or E47 (encoded by TCF3) significantly enhanced E-box-dependent transcription. Furthermore, Ccndbp1 physically associated with MyoD but not E47. These data suggest that Ccndbp1 regulates muscle differentiation by interacting with MyoD and enhancing its binding to target genes. Our study newly identifies Ccndbp1 as a positive modulator of skeletal myogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro, providing new insights in order to decipher the complex network involved in skeletal myogenic development and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Miaoman Ye
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Puping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Yingnan Zhangfang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 51006, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zhu SW, Li JP, Ma XL, Ma JX, Yang Y, Chen Y, Liu W. miR-9 Modulates Osteosarcoma Cell Growth by Targeting the GCIP Tumor Suppressor. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4509-13. [PMID: 26107195 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.11.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in humans, especially in childhood. However, the genetic etiology for its pathogenesis remains elusive. It is known that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of tumor progression. Here we show that microRNA-9 (miR-9) is a potential oncogene upregulated in osteosarcoma cells. Knockdown of miR-9 in osteosarcoma resulted in suppressed colony formation and cell proliferation. Further study identified GCIP, a Grap2 and cyclin D interacting protein, as a direct target of miR- 9. In addition, GCIP overexpression activated retinoblastoma 1 (Rb) and suppressed E2F transcriptional target expression in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, GCIP depletion reversed miR-9 knockdown induced colony formation and cell proliferation suppression. In sum, these results highlight the importance of miR-9 as an oncogene in regulating the proliferation of osteosarcoma by directly targeting GCIP and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China E-mail :
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10
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Sulforaphane Preconditioning Sensitizes Human Colon Cancer Cells towards the Bioreductive Anticancer Prodrug PR-104A. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150219. [PMID: 26950072 PMCID: PMC4780774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemoprotective properties of sulforaphane (SF), derived from cruciferous vegetables, are widely acknowledged to arise from its potent induction of xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes. However, much less is known about the impact of SF on the efficacy of cancer therapy through the modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes. To identify proteins modulated by a low concentration of SF, we treated HT29 colon cancer cells with 2.5 μM SF. Protein abundance changes were detected by stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture. Among 18 proteins found to be significantly up-regulated, aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), bioactivating the DNA cross-linking prodrug PR-104A, was further characterized. Preconditioning HT29 cells with SF reduced the EC50 of PR-104A 3.6-fold. The increase in PR-104A cytotoxicity was linked to AKR1C3 abundance and activity, both induced by SF in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was reproducible in a second colon cancer cell line, SW620, but not in other colon cancer cell lines where AKR1C3 abundance and activity were absent or barely detectable and could not be induced by SF. Interestingly, SF had no significant influence on PR-104A cytotoxicity in non-cancerous, immortalized human colonic epithelial cell lines expressing either low or high levels of AKR1C3. In conclusion, the enhanced response of PR-104A after preconditioning with SF was apparent only in cancer cells provided that AKR1C3 is expressed, while its expression in non-cancerous cells did not elicit such a response. Therefore, a subset of cancers may be susceptible to combined food-derived component and prodrug treatments with no harm to normal tissues.
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11
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García-Marqués F, Trevisan-Herraz M, Martínez-Martínez S, Camafeita E, Jorge I, Lopez JA, Méndez-Barbero N, Méndez-Ferrer S, Del Pozo MA, Ibáñez B, Andrés V, Sánchez-Madrid F, Redondo JM, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Vázquez J. A Novel Systems-Biology Algorithm for the Analysis of Coordinated Protein Responses Using Quantitative Proteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1740-60. [PMID: 26893027 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.055905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated behavior of proteins is central to systems biology. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly known and methods to analyze coordination by conventional quantitative proteomics are still lacking. We present the Systems Biology Triangle (SBT), a new algorithm that allows the study of protein coordination by pairwise quantitative proteomics. The Systems Biology Triangle detected statistically significant coordination in diverse biological models of very different nature and subjected to different kinds of perturbations. The Systems Biology Triangle also revealed with unprecedented molecular detail an array of coordinated, early protein responses in vascular smooth muscle cells treated at different times with angiotensin-II. These responses included activation of protein synthesis, folding, turnover, and muscle contraction - consistent with a differentiated phenotype-as well as the induction of migration and the repression of cell proliferation and secretion. Remarkably, the majority of the altered functional categories were protein complexes, interaction networks, or metabolic pathways. These changes could not be detected by other algorithms widely used by the proteomics community, and the vast majority of proteins involved have not been described before to be regulated by AngII. The unique capabilities of The Systems Biology Triangle to detect functional protein alterations produced by the coordinated action of proteins in pairwise quantitative proteomics experiments make this algorithm an attractive choice for the biological interpretation of results on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Marqués
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Trevisan-Herraz
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Del Pozo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- From the ‡Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Fujisawa K, Terai S, Matsumoto T, Takami T, Yamamoto N, Nishina H, Furutani-Seiki M, Sakaida I. Evidence for a Role of the Transcriptional Regulator Maid in Tumorigenesis and Aging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129950. [PMID: 26107180 PMCID: PMC4479567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maid is a helix-loop-helix protein that is involved in cell proliferation. In order to further elucidate its physiological functions, we studied Maid activity in two small fish model systems. We found that Maid expression was greatest in zebrafish liver and that it increased following partial hepatectomy. Maid levels were also high in hepatic preneoplastic foci induced by treatment of zebrafish with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), but low in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), mixed tumors, and cholangiocarcinomas developing in these animals. In DEN-treated transgenic medaka overexpressing Maid, hepatic BrdU uptake and proliferation were reduced. After successive breedings, Maid transgenic medaka exhibited decreased movement and a higher incidence of abnormal spine curvature, possibly due to the senescence of spinal cord cells. Taken together, our results suggest that Maid levels can influence the progression of liver cancer. In conclusion, we found that Maid is important regulator of hepatocarconogenesis and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Fujisawa
- Center for Reparative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1–757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951–8510, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshihiko Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Taro Takami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Furutani-Seiki
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Center for Reparative Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755–8505, Japan
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13
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Motizuki M, Saitoh M, Miyazawa K. Maid is a negative regulator of transforming growth factor-β-induced cell migration. J Biochem 2015; 158:435-44. [PMID: 26002959 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal Id-like molecule (Maid) is a dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein that has been implicated in regulating gene expression as well as cell-cycle progression. Overexpressed Maid was previously shown to inhibit certain cellular responses induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), such as TGF-β-induced cytostasis and cell motility, but not epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role of endogenous Maid in regulating TGF-β signalling, however, has not been elucidated. We have found evidence that endogenous Maid negatively regulates TGF-β-induced cell motility. Maid knockdown enhanced TGF-β-induced cell motility as measured by chamber migration and wound healing assays but did not affect cell motility induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4. Endogenous Maid does not appear to be involved in regulating TGF-β-induced cytostasis, resistance to apoptosis or EMT. Notably, Maid expression was induced in the delayed phase (later than 24 h) after TGF-β stimulation whereas the expression of two other negative feedback regulators, Smad7 and SnoN, was induced as early as 1 h after stimulation. These findings indicate that Maid is a unique negative feedback regulator of TGF-β signalling in its mode of action as well as the timing of its induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Motizuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masao Saitoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Keiji Miyazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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14
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Chen KY, Chen CC, Tseng YL, Chang YC, Chang MC. GCIP functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer by suppressing Id1-mediated tumor promotion. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5017-28. [PMID: 24970809 PMCID: PMC4148118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Grap2 and cyclin D1 interacting protein (GCIP) has been recognized as a putative tumor suppressor, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-tumor properties remain undefined. Here, we report that GCIP is frequently downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Binding assays indicated that inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 1 (Id1) interacts with GCIP in the nucleus. Ectopic GCIP expression in the highly invasive NSCLC cell line, H1299, inhibited proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration, and increased susceptibility to anticancer drugs. Conversely, silencing GCIP expression in the minimally invasive NSCLS cell line, A549, increased proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and migration in vitro, and increased survival and resistance to anticancer drugs. GCIP also suppresses tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells in vivo and GCIP suppresses NSCLC progression is mediated in part by interfering with Id1 signaling, which was confirmed in conditionally induced stable cell lines. In addition, GCIP downregulates the expression of Id1, and GCIP and Id1 are inversely expressed in NSCLC cell lines and specimens. Taken together, these results suggest that GCIP is a potential tumor suppressor in NSCLC and that suppression of Id1-mediated oncogenic properties may be a key mechanism by which GCIP can potently suppress NSCLC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-chung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Tainan
| | - Yau-lin Tseng
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-chien Chang
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-chung Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Department of Nutrition, College of Medicine and Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Tainan
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15
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Wang H, Wang X, Archer TK, Zwaka TP, Cooney AJ. GCNF-dependent activation of cyclin D1 expression via repression of Mir302a during ESC differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1527-37. [PMID: 24578347 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and its expression is activated during gastrulation in the mouse; however, it remains unknown how cyclin D1 expression is regulated during early embryonic development. Here, we define the role of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in the activation of cyclin D1 expression during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation as a model of early development. During our study of GCNF knockout (GCNF(-) (/) (-) ) ESC, we discovered that loss of GCNF leads to the repression of cyclin D1 activation during ESC differentiation. This was determined to be an indirect effect of deregulation Mir302a, which is a cyclin D1 suppressor via binding to the 3'UTR of cyclin D1 mRNA. Moreover, we showed that Mir302 is a target gene of GCNF that inhibits Mir302 expression by binding to a DR0 element within its promoter. Inhibition of Mir302a using Mir302 inhibitor during differentiation of GCNF(-) (/) (-) ESCs restored cyclin D1 expression. Similarly over-expression of GCNF during differentiation of GCNF(-) (/) (-) ESCs rescued the inhibition of Mir302a expression and the activation of cyclin D1. These results reveal that GCNF plays a key role in regulating activation of cyclin D1 expression via inhibition of Mir302a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Yeom SY, Nam DH, Park C. RRAD promotes EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation and induces temozolomide resistance of malignant glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:3049-61. [PMID: 25313011 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive brain cancer with a median survival of less than 2 years. GBM is characterized by abnormal activation of receptor tyrosine kinase and constitutively activated STAT3. Although EGFR phosphorylation and STAT3 activation are essential for the maintenance of GBM cancer stem cells, the molecular mechanism underlying endosome-mediated STAT3 activation is not fully understood. In the current study, we showed that GTP-binding protein RRAD (RAS associated with diabetes, RAD) physically associates with EGFR, and EEA1, enhancing the stability and endosome-associated nuclear translocation of EGFR. Functionally, RRAD contributes to the activation of STAT3 and expression of the stem cell factors OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, thereby enhancing self-renewing ability, tumor sphere formation, EMT, and in vivo tumorigenesis. Most importantly, RRAD contributes to poor survival in patients with GBM. RRAD expression is correlated with temozolomide resistance, and, conversely, depletion of RRAD leads to sensitization of highly temozolomide-resistant GBM cells. Our data collectively support a novel function of RRAD in STAT3 activation and provide evidence that RRAD acts as a positive regulator in the EGFR signaling pathway. These results demonstrate a critical role for RRAD in GBM tumorigenesis and provide a rationale for the development of pharmacologic inhibitors of RRAD in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yong Yeom
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Park
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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Analysis of dormant bud (Banjhi) specific transcriptome of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) from cDNA library revealed dormancy-related genes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1405-17. [PMID: 23315209 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is of ecological and economical interest due to its impact on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) plant growth and yield. Growth regulation associated with dormancy is an essential element in plant's life cycle that leads to changes in expression of large number of genes. In order to identify and provide a picture of the transcriptome profile, cDNA library was constructed from dormant bud (banjhi) of tea. Sequence and gene ontology analysis of 3,500 clones, in many cases, enabled their functional categorization concerning the bud growth. Based on the cDNA library data, the putative role of identified genes from tea is discussed in relation to growth and dormancy, which includes morphogenesis, cellular differentiation, tropism, cell cycle, signaling, and various metabolic pathways. There was a higher representation of unknown processes such as unknown molecular functions (65.80 %), unknown biological processes (62.46 %), and unknown cellular components (67.42 %). However, these unknown transcripts represented a novel component of transcripts in tea plant bud growth and/or dormancy development. The identified transcripts and expressed sequence tags provides a valuable public resource and preliminary insights into the molecular mechanisms of bud dormancy regulation. Further, the findings will be the target of future expression experiments, particularly for further identification of dormancy-related genes in this species.
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18
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Cheng S, Zhang M, Li W, Wang Y, Liu Y, He Q. Proteomic analysis of porcine alveolar macrophages infected with porcine circovirus type 2. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3258-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Structure of a dominant-negative helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator suggests mechanisms of autoinhibition. EMBO J 2012; 31:2541-52. [PMID: 22453338 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Helix-loop-helix (HLH) family transcription factors regulate numerous developmental and homeostatic processes. Dominant-negative HLH (dnHLH) proteins lack DNA-binding ability and capture basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factors to inhibit cellular differentiation and enhance cell proliferation and motility, thus participating in patho-physiological processes. We report the first structure of a free-standing human dnHLH protein, HHM (Human homologue of murine maternal Id-like molecule). HHM adopts a V-shaped conformation, with N-terminal and C-terminal five-helix bundles connected by the HLH region. In striking contrast to the common HLH, the HLH region in HHM is extended, with its hydrophobic dimerization interfaces embedded in the N- and C-terminal helix bundles. Biochemical and physicochemical analyses revealed that HHM exists in slow equilibrium between this V-shaped form and the partially unfolded, relaxed form. The latter form is readily available for interactions with its target bHLH transcription factors. Mutations disrupting the interactions in the V-shaped form compromised the target transcription factor specificity and accelerated myogenic cell differentiation. Therefore, the V-shaped form of HHM may represent an autoinhibited state, and the dynamic conformational equilibrium may control the target specificity.
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20
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Allen WL, Stevenson L, Coyle VM, Jithesh PV, Proutski I, Carson G, Gordon MA, Lenz HJD, Van Schaeybroeck S, Longley DB, Johnston PG. A systems biology approach identifies SART1 as a novel determinant of both 5-fluorouracil and SN38 drug resistance in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:119-31. [PMID: 22027693 PMCID: PMC3272421 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy response rates for advanced colorectal cancer remain disappointingly low, primarily because of drug resistance, so there is an urgent need to improve current treatment strategies. To identify novel determinants of resistance to the clinically relevant drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and SN38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan), transcriptional profiling experiments were carried out on pretreatment metastatic colorectal cancer biopsies and HCT116 parental and chemotherapy-resistant cell line models using a disease-specific DNA microarray. To enrich for potential chemoresistance-determining genes, an unsupervised bioinformatics approach was used, and 50 genes were selected and then functionally assessed using custom-designed short interfering RNA (siRNA) screens. In the primary siRNA screen, silencing of 21 genes sensitized HCT116 cells to either 5-FU or SN38 treatment. Three genes (RAPGEF2, PTRF, and SART1) were selected for further analysis in a panel of 5 colorectal cancer cell lines. Silencing SART1 sensitized all 5 cell lines to 5-FU treatment and 4/5 cell lines to SN38 treatment. However, silencing of RAPGEF2 or PTRF had no significant effect on 5-FU or SN38 sensitivity in the wider cell line panel. Further functional analysis of SART1 showed that its silencing induced apoptosis that was caspase-8 dependent. Furthermore, silencing of SART1 led to a downregulation of the caspase-8 inhibitor, c-FLIP, which we have previously shown is a key determinant of drug resistance in colorectal cancer. This study shows the power of systems biology approaches for identifying novel genes that regulate drug resistance and identifies SART1 as a previously unidentified regulator of c-FLIP and drug-induced activation of caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Allen
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Leanne Stevenson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Vicky M. Coyle
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Puthen V. Jithesh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Irina Proutski
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Gail Carson
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael A Gordon
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef D Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Daniel B. Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Patrick G. Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Majerská J, Sýkorová E, Fajkus J. Non-telomeric activities of telomerase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1013-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00268b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Lee I, Yeom SY, Lee SJ, Kang WK, Park C. A novel senescence-evasion mechanism involving Grap2 and Cyclin D interacting protein inactivation by Ras associated with diabetes in cancer cells under doxorubicin treatment. Cancer Res 2010; 70:4357-65. [PMID: 20460530 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ras associated with diabetes (Rad) is a Ras-related GTPase that promotes cell growth by accelerating cell cycle transitions. Rad knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and premature senescence without additional cellular stress in multiple cancer cell lines, indicating that Rad expression might be critical for the cell cycle in these cells. To investigate the precise function of Rad in this process, we used human Rad as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening system and sought Rad-interacting proteins. We identified the Grap2 and cyclin D interacting protein (GCIP)/DIP1/CCNDBP1/HHM, a cell cycle-inhibitory molecule, as a binding partner of Rad. Further analyses revealed that Rad binds directly to GCIP in vitro and coimmunoprecipitates with GCIP from cell lysates. Rad translocates GCIP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting the tumor suppressor activity of GCIP, which occurs in the nucleus. Furthermore, in the presence of Rad, GCIP loses its ability to reduce retinoblastoma phosphorylation and inhibit cyclin D1 activity. The function of Rad in transformation is also evidenced by increased telomerase activity and colony formation according to Rad expression level. In vivo tumorigenesis analyses revealed that tumors derived from Rad knockdown cells were significantly smaller than those from control cells (P = 0.0131) and the preestablished tumors are reduced in size after the injection of siRad (P = 0.0064). Therefore, we propose for the first time that Rad may promote carcinogenesis at least in part by inhibiting GCIP-mediated tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyoung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chen WC, Su PF, Jin YT, Chang MC, Chang TW. Immunohistochemical expression of GCIP in breast carcinoma: relationship with tumour grade, disease-free survival, mucinous differentiation and response to chemotherapy. Histopathology 2009; 53:554-60. [PMID: 18983464 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Grap2 and cyclin-D interacting protein (GCIP) is a putative tumour suppressor in human cancer. The aim was to investigate its prognostic significance in human breast carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of breast carcinoma specimens from 107 female patients was performed. Decreased cytoplasmic expression of GCIP was detected in breast carcinomas compared with normal ductal epithelium (P < 0.001). Higher GCIP scores were observed in patients with lower histological grade, mucinous carcinomas and better clinical outcome (P < 0.05). Disease-free survival was significantly longer in patients with high GCIP scores than in those with low GCIP scores (P = 0.010). However, GCIP expression was independent of the status of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Her-2/neu and cancer stage. Moreover, in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, those with higher GCIP scores showed potentially more reduction of tumour size compared with those with lower GCIP scores (borderline significance, P = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS The current data provide evidence that decreased expression of GCIP in vivo is present in human breast carcinoma and indicate that GCIP is a potential indicator of good prognosis. In patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, it may also have predictive value for the chemotherapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Chen
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Behbod F, Xian W, Shaw CA, Hilsenbeck SG, Tsimelzon A, Rosen JM. Transcriptional Profiling of Mammary Gland Side Population Cells. Stem Cells 2009; 24:1065-74. [PMID: 16282442 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Similar to the bone marrow, the mammary gland contains a distinct population of Hoechst-effluxing side population cells, mammary gland side population cells (MG-SPs). To better characterize MG-SPs, their microarray gene profiles were compared to the remaining cells, which retain Hoechst dye (mammary gland non-side population cells [MG-NSPs]). For analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) that describes genes in terms of biological processes and Ontology Traverser (OT) that performs enrichment analysis were used. OT showed that MG-SP-specific genes were enriched in the GO categories of cell cycle regulation and checkpoints, multidrug-resistant transporters, organogenesis, and vasculogenesis. The MG-NSP-upregulated genes were enriched in the GO category of cellular organization and biogenesis, which includes basal epithelial markers, p63, smooth muscle actin, myosin, alpha6 integrin, cytokeratin (CK) 14, and luminal markers CK8 and CD24. Additional studies showed that a higher percentage of MG-SPs exist in the G1 phase of the cell cycle compared with the MG-NSPs. G1 cell cycle block of MG-SPs may be explained by higher expression of cell cycle-negative regulatory genes such as transforming growth factor-beta2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5, P18(INK4C), and wingless-5a (Wnt-5a). Accordingly, a smaller percentage of MG-SPs expressed nuclear beta-catenin, possibly as a consequence of the higher expression of Wnt-5a. In conclusion, microarray gene profiling suggests that MG-SPs are a lineage-deficient mammary gland subpopulation expressing key genes involved in cell cycle regulation, development, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Behbod
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, DeBakey Building, M638a, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030-3498, USA
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25
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Ikushima H, Komuro A, Isogaya K, Shinozaki M, Hellman U, Miyazawa K, Miyazono K. An Id-like molecule, HHM, is a synexpression group-restricted regulator of TGF-beta signalling. EMBO J 2008; 27:2955-65. [PMID: 18923419 PMCID: PMC2570476 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces various cellular responses principally through Smad-dependent transcriptional regulation. Activated Smad complexes cooperate with transcription factors in regulating a group of target genes. The target genes controlled by the same Smad-cofactor complexes are denoted a synexpression group. We found that an Id-like helix-loop-helix protein, human homologue of Maid (HHM), is a synexpression group-restricted regulator of TGF-β signalling. HHM suppressed TGF-β-induced growth inhibition and cell migration but not epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In addition, HHM inhibited TGF-β-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1), PDGF-B, and p21WAF, but not Snail. We identified a basic-helix-loop-helix protein, Olig1, as one of the Smad-binding transcription factors affected by HHM. Olig1 interacted with Smad2/3 in response to TGF-β stimulation, and was involved in transcriptional activation of PAI-1 and PDGF-B. HHM, but not Id proteins, inhibited TGF-β signalling-dependent association of Olig1 with Smad2/3 through physical interaction with Olig1. HHM thus appears to regulate a subset of TGF-β target genes including the Olig1-Smad synexpression group. HHM is the first example of a cellular response-selective regulator of TGF-β signalling with clearly determined mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikushima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Chu PC, Yang YC, Lu YT, Chen HT, Yu LC, Chang MS. Silencing of p29 affects DNA damage responses with UV irradiation. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8484-91. [PMID: 16951160 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human p29 is a newly identified nuclear protein whose function is largely undetermined. We found that p29 associated with chromatin, interacted with MCM3, and localized with proliferating cell nuclear antigen foci in the S phase. Silencing of p29 using small interfering RNA duplexes reduced DNA synthesis and increased the expression of p107, a member of the RB family, and of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, accompanied with a decreased expression of DNA polymerase alpha. Lethal events consisting of premature chromatin condensation with a reduced Chk1 phosphorylation were observed in p29-depleted cells in response to UV irradiation. Intriguingly, the phosphorylation of ataxia telangectasia-mutated kinases at S1981 was suppressed in p29-depleted HeLa cells with UV irradiation, but not in hydroxyurea- and ionizing radiation-treated cells. Taken together, these results reveal a novel function of p29 in the regulation of DNA replication checkpoint responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chen Chu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Ma W, Stafford LJ, Li D, Luo J, Li X, Ning G, Liu M. GCIP/CCNDBP1, a helix-loop-helix protein, suppresses tumorigenesis. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1376-86. [PMID: 17131381 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deletions and/or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 15 (15q15 and 15q21) have been found in several human tumors, including carcinomas of the colorectum, breast, lung, prostate, and bladder, suggesting the presence of potential tumor suppressor gene(s) in this particular region of chromosome 15. GCIP also called CCNDBP1, DIP1, or HHM, localized at chromosome 15q15, is a recently identified helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (HLH-ZIP) protein without a basic region like the Id family of proteins. In this study, we reported that the expression of GCIP was significantly downregulated in several different human tumors, including breast tumor, prostate tumor, and colon tumors. In human colon tumors, both mRNA and protein expression levels of GCIP were decreased significantly compared to the normal tissues. Treatment of colon cancer cells SW480 with sodium butyrate (NaB), which induces colon cancer cell differentiation, can induce the upregulation of GCIP expression, suggesting that the protein functions as a negative regulator in cell proliferation. Overexpression of GCIP in SW480 colon cancer cell line resulted in a significant inhibition on tumor cell colony formation, while silencing of GCIP expression by siRNA can promote cell colony formation. Furthermore, overexpression of GCIP inhibited the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1 promoter and the expression of cyclin D1 protein in the cell. Finally, we demonstrate that GCIP specifically interacts with one of the class III HDAC proteins, SirT6, which is important for maintaining genome stability. Together, our data suggest a possible function of GCIP in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ma
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A and M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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28
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Chang TW, Chen CC, Chen KY, Su JH, Chang JH, Chang MC. Ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 interacts with GCIP and overexpression of P0 is associated with cellular proliferation in breast and liver carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:332-8. [PMID: 17621266 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ribosomal acidic P0 protein, an essential component of the eukaryotic ribosomal stalk, was found to interact with the helix-loop-helix protein human Grap2 and cyclin D interacting protein (GCIP)/D-type cyclin-interacting protein 1/human homolog of MAID protein. Using in vivo and in vitro binding assays, we show that P0 can interact with the N and C termini of GCIP via its N-terminal 39-114 amino-acid residues. Although the P0-GCIP complex was detected mainly in cytoplasmic fraction, polysome profile analysis indicated that the P0-GCIP complex did not coelute with either polysomes or 60S ribosomes, suggesting that GCIP associates with the free form of P0 in the cytoplasm. Transfection of GCIP into MCF-7 cells resulted in decreased levels of pRb phosphorylation. Cotransfection of P0 with GCIP, however, resulted in GCIP-mediated reduction of pRb phosphorylation level which was repressed by P0. Furthermore, overexpression of P0 in breast cancer and hepatocellular cancer cell lines promoted cell growth and colony formation compared to control transfectants. Overexpression of P0 also increased cyclin D1 expression and phosphorylation of pRb at Ser780. Interestingly, P0 mRNA was overexpressed in 12 of 20 pairs of breast cancer/ normal breast specimens (60%). Together, these data indicate that P0 overexpression may cause tumorigenesis in breast and liver tissues at least in part by inhibiting GCIP-mediated tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-W Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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29
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Chellas-Géry B, Linton CN, Fields KA. Human GCIP interacts with CT847, a novel Chlamydia trachomatis type III secretion substrate, and is degraded in a tissue-culture infection model. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9:2417-30. [PMID: 17532760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis occupies a parasitophorous vacuole and employs a type III secretion mechanism to translocate host-interactive proteins. These proteins most likely contribute to pathogenesis through modulation of host cell mechanisms crucial for the establishment and maintenance of a permissive intracellular environment. Using a surrogate Yersinia type III secretion system (T3SS), we have identified the conserved gene product CT847 as a chlamydial T3SS substrate. Yeast two-hybrid studies using CT847 as bait to screen a HeLa cell cDNA library identified an interaction with mammalian Grap2 cyclin D-interacting protein (GCIP). Immunoblot analyses of C. trachomatis-infected HeLa cells showed that GCIP levels begin to decrease (as compared with mock-infected HeLa cells) between 8 h and 12 h post infection. GCIP was virtually undetectable in 24 h time point material. This decrease was inhibited by proteasome inhibitors lactacystin and MG-132, and the T3SS inhibitor Compound 1. CT847 was detectible in purified reticulate body but not elementary body lysates, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) expression analyses indicate a mid-cycle expression pattern. Both of these findings are consistent with CT847 contributing to the observed effect on GCIP. Given the established roles of GCIP, we believe that we have discovered a novel C. trachomatis antihost protein whose activity is relevant to chlamydial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Chellas-Géry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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30
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Sonnenberg-Riethmacher E, Wüstefeld T, Miehe M, Trautwein C, Riethmacher D. Maid (GCIP) is involved in cell cycle control of hepatocytes. Hepatology 2007; 45:404-11. [PMID: 17256742 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The function of Maid (GCIP), a cyclinD-binding helix-loop-helix protein, was analyzed by targeted disruption in mice. We show that Maid function is not required for normal embryonic development. However, older Maid-deficient mice-in contrast to wild-type controls--develop hepatocellular carcinomas. Therefore, we studied the role of Maid during cell cycle progression after partial hepatectomy (PH). Lack of Maid expression after PH was associated with a delay in G1/S-phase progression as evidenced by delayed cyclinA expression and DNA replication in Maid-deficient mice. However, at later time points liver mass was restored normally. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Maid is involved in G1/S-phase progression of hepatocytes, which in older animals is associated with the development of liver tumors.
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31
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Ma W, Xia X, Stafford LJ, Yu C, Wang F, LeSage G, Liu M. Expression of GCIP in transgenic mice decreases susceptibility to chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncogene 2006; 25:4207-16. [PMID: 16501603 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors with helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif play critical roles in controlling the expression of genes involved in lineage commitment, cell fate determination, proliferation, and tumorigenesis. To examine whether the newly identified HLH protein GCIP/CCNDBP1 modulates cell fate determination and plays a role in hepatocyte growth, proliferation, and hepatocarcinogenesis, we generated transgenic mice with human GCIP gene driven by a liver-specific albumin promoter. We demonstrated that in GCIP transgenic mice, the overall liver growth and regeneration occurred normally after liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). In the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced mouse hepatocarcinogenesis, we demonstrated that overexpression of GCIP in mouse liver suppressed DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis at an early stage of tumor development. The number of hepatic adenomas at 24 weeks was significantly lower or not detected in GCIP transgenic male mice compared to the control mice under the same treatment. Although GCIP has little inhibition on the number of hepatic tumors at later stages (40 weeks), hepatocellular tumors in GCIP transgenic mice are smaller and well-differentiated compared to the poorly differentiated tumors in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GCIP functions as a transcriptional suppressor, regulates the expression of cyclin D1, and inhibits anchorage-independent cell growth and colony formation in HepG2 cells, suggesting a significant role of GCIP in tumor initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Alkek Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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32
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Bonome T, Lee JY, Park DC, Radonovich M, Pise-Masison C, Brady J, Gardner GJ, Hao K, Wong WH, Barrett JC, Lu KH, Sood AK, Gershenson DM, Mok SC, Birrer MJ. Expression profiling of serous low malignant potential, low-grade, and high-grade tumors of the ovary. Cancer Res 2005; 65:10602-12. [PMID: 16288054 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Papillary serous low malignant potential (LMP) tumors are characterized by malignant features and metastatic potential yet display a benign clinical course. The role of LMP tumors in the development of invasive epithelial cancer of the ovary is not clearly defined. The aim of this study is to determine the relationships among LMP tumors and invasive ovarian cancers and identify genes contributing to their phenotypes. Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (Santa Clara, CA) were used to interrogate 80 microdissected serous LMP tumors and invasive ovarian malignancies along with 10 ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) brushings. Gene expression profiles for each tumor class were used to complete unsupervised hierarchical clustering analyses and identify differentially expressed genes contributing to these associations. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a distinct separation between clusters containing borderline and high-grade lesions. The majority of low-grade tumors clustered with LMP tumors. Comparing OSE with high-grade and LMP expression profiles revealed enhanced expression of genes linked to cell proliferation, chromosomal instability, and epigenetic silencing in high-grade cancers, whereas LMP tumors displayed activated p53 signaling. The expression profiles of LMP, low-grade, and high-grade papillary serous ovarian carcinomas suggest that LMP tumors are distinct from high-grade cancers; however, they are remarkably similar to low-grade cancers. Prominent expression of p53 pathway members may play an important role in the LMP tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bonome
- Cell and Cancer Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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33
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Takami T, Terai S, Yokoyama Y, Tanimoto H, Tajima K, Uchida K, Yamasaki T, Sakaida I, Nishina H, Thorgeirsson SS, Okita K. Human homologue of maid is a useful marker protein in hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2005; 128:1369-80. [PMID: 15887118 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Human homologue of maid (HHM) is a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulatory protein that is involved in the hepatic stem cell development and differentiation. We analyzed the potential involvement of HHM in hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS We analyzed HHM expression in the choline-deficient L-amino acid defined (CDAA) diet model of rat hepatocarcinogenesis and in human adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biopsy samples. We assessed the effects of HHM on cell proliferation. We screened proteins that bind to HHM protein using a yeast 2-hybrid screen. RESULTS High HHM expression was seen in foci and HCC induced in the rat CDAA diet model. HHM protein was expressed in 23 of 32 AH samples (72%), 19 of 28 well-differentiated HCC samples (68%), and 9 of 18 poorly-moderately differentiated HCC samples (50%). Over-expressed HHM enhanced the S phase. HHM interference RNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation. A yeast 2-hybrid screen identified Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1) as a binding partner for HHM. We confirmed HHM and Jab1 binding by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent histochemistry. The expression of Jab1 was found in human AH and HCC samples. We found an association between levels of expression of HHM and those of Jab1 in AH and HCC tissues examined (P = .027 by chi2 test). CONCLUSIONS High-level HHM expression was found from the very early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting that HHM may be a useful marker protein to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Takami
- Department of Molecular Science and Applied Medicine (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Wang C, Li Z, Fu M, Bouras T, Pestell RG. Signal transduction mediated by cyclin D1: from mitogens to cell proliferation: a molecular target with therapeutic potential. Cancer Treat Res 2004; 119:217-37. [PMID: 15164880 DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-7847-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Harkiolaki M, Lewitzky M, Gilbert RJC, Jones EY, Bourette RP, Mouchiroud G, Sondermann H, Moarefi I, Feller SM. Structural basis for SH3 domain-mediated high-affinity binding between Mona/Gads and SLP-76. EMBO J 2003; 22:2571-82. [PMID: 12773374 PMCID: PMC156755 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SH3 domains are protein recognition modules within many adaptors and enzymes. With more than 500 SH3 domains in the human genome, binding selectivity is a key issue in understanding the molecular basis of SH3 domain interactions. The Grb2-like adaptor protein Mona/Gads associates stably with the T-cell receptor signal transducer SLP-76. The crystal structure of a complex between the C-terminal SH3 domain (SH3C) of Mona/Gads and a SLP-76 peptide has now been solved to 1.7 A. The peptide lacks the canonical SH3 domain binding motif P-x-x-P and does not form a frequently observed poly-proline type II helix. Instead, it adopts a clamp-like shape around the circumfence of the SH3C beta-barrel. The central R-x-x-K motif of the peptide forms a 3(10) helix and inserts into a negatively charged double pocket on the SH3C while several other residues complement binding through hydrophobic interactions, creating a short linear SH3C binding epitope of uniquely high affinity. Interestingly, the SH3C displays ion-dependent dimerization in the crystal and in solution, suggesting a novel mechanism for the regulation of SH3 domain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Harkiolaki
- Cancer Research UK Cell Signalling Group and Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
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36
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Guo X, Stafford LJ, Bryan B, Xia C, Ma W, Wu X, Liu D, Songyang Z, Liu M. A Rac/Cdc42-specific exchange factor, GEFT, induces cell proliferation, transformation, and migration. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:13207-15. [PMID: 12547822 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208896200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases, including Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, play essential roles in diverse cellular functions. The ability of Rho family GTPases to participate in signaling events is determined by the ratio of inactive (GDP-bound) and active (GTP-bound) forms in the cell. The activation of Rho family proteins requires the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, a process catalyzed by the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The GEFs have high affinity for the guanine nucleotide-free state of the GTPases and are thought to promote GDP release by stabilizing an intermediate transition state. In this study, we have identified and characterized a new Rac/Cdc42-specific Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor, named GEFT. GEFT is highly expressed in the excitable tissues, including brain, heart, and muscle. Low or very little expression was detected in other nonexcitable tissues. GEFT has specific exchange activity for Rac and Cdc42 in our in vitro GTPase exchange assays and glutathione S-transferase-PAK pull-down assays with GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42. Overexpression of GEFT leads to changes in cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton re-organization, including the formation of membrane microspikes, filopodia, and lamilliopodia. Furthermore, expression of GEFT in NIH3T3 cells promotes foci formation, cell proliferation, and cell migration, possibly through the activation of transcriptional factors involved in cell growth and proliferation. Together, our data suggest that GEFT is a Rac/Cdc42-specific GEF protein that regulates cell morphology, cell proliferation, and transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Guo
- Center for Cancer Biology and Nutrition, Alkek Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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37
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Chang MS, Chen CY, Yeh HI, Fan CC, Huang CJ, Yang YC. Cloning, expression, and genomic organization of mouse mp29 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 299:241-6. [PMID: 12437976 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human p29 has been demonstrated in the yeast two-hybrid method and in vitro GST pull-down assay to associate with GCIP, a cyclin D interacting protein. In this study, we describe the cloning and genomic structure of the mouse homologue, mp29. The overall mouse mp29 amino acid sequence is highly identical (91%) to human p29. Polyclonal antibody against mp29 was raised and the subcellular localization of mp29 was identified to be in the nucleus. Genomic clones containing mp29 gene were isolated and this gene was divided into seven exons spanning 9kb of genomic DNA. The transcription initiation site of mp29 gene was determined to be 94bp upstream of the translation initiation codon and the first 140bp proximal TATA-less promoter region is required to activate minimal transcription of mouse mp29 gene in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mau Sun Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 45 Ming-San Road, Tamshui, Taipei, Taiwan
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38
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Bourgin C, Bourette RP, Arnaud S, Liu Y, Rohrschneider LR, Mouchiroud G. Induced expression and association of the Mona/Gads adapter and Gab3 scaffolding protein during monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:3744-56. [PMID: 11997510 PMCID: PMC133813 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.11.3744-3756.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mona/Gads is a Grb2-related, Src homology 3 (SH3) and SH2 domain-containing adapter protein whose expression is restricted to cells of hematopoietic lineage (i.e., monocytes and T lymphocytes). During monocyte/macrophage differentiation, Mona is induced and interacts with the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor, M-CSFR (also called Fms), suggesting that Mona could be involved in developmental signaling downstream of the M-CSFR by recruiting additional signaling proteins to the activated receptor. Our present results identify Mona as a specific partner protein for the DOS/Gab family member Gab3 in monocytic/macrophage development. Mona does not interact with Gab2; however, Gab3 also forms a complex with the Mona-related adapter Grb2. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrate that the Mona and Gab3 interaction utilizes the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Mona and the atypical proline-rich domain of Gab3. Mona is known to interact with the phosphorylated Y697 site of the M-CSFR. The M-CSFR mutation Y697F exhibited qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in receptor and Gab3 tyrosine phosphorylation, and Mona induction was greatly reduced. The Y807F M-CSFR mutation is defective in differentiation signaling, but not growth signaling, and also fails to induce Mona protein expression. During M-CSF-stimulated macrophage differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells, Mona and Gab3 expression is coinduced, these proteins interact, and Mona engages in multimolecular complexes. These data suggest that association of Mona and Gab3 plays a specific role in mediating the M-CSFR differentiation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bourgin
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR CNRS 5534, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Xiang H, Wang J, Mao Y, Liu M, Reddy VN, Li DWC. Human telomerase accelerates growth of lens epithelial cells through regulation of the genes mediating RB/E2F pathway. Oncogene 2002; 21:3784-91. [PMID: 12032846 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2001] [Revised: 02/15/2002] [Accepted: 02/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase is a specialized reverse transcriptase that extends telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes. The catalytic core of human telomerase is composed of an RNA template known as hTER (human telomerase RNA) and a protein subunit named hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase). We have been studying other functions of the telomerase besides its major role in telomere maintenance. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that the hTERT can functionally interact with a rabbit TER to regulate expression of other genes and also attenuate the induced apoptosis. Here we report that overexpression of hTERT in a human lens epithelial cell line accelerates growth of the transfected lens epithelial cells. Associated with the acceleration of cell growth, expression of p53, p21 and GCIP (Grap2 cyclin-D interacting protein) is downregulated in the hTERT-transfected cells. With the downregulation of p21 and GCIP, the retinoblastoma protein (RB) is completely hyperphosphorylated in the hTERT-transfected cells. As expected, in the presence of RB hyperphosphorylation, the E2F transactivity is upregulated. Inhibition of telomerase activity abolishes the observed growth acceleration and also the related molecular changes. Furthermore, expression of hTERT in telomerase-negative human lens epithelial cells derived from primary cultures also accelerates growth of the transfected cells. Taken together, our results suggest that hTERT, when overexpressed in human lens epithelial cells, accelerates cell growth rate through regulation of RB/E2F pathway and possibly other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xiang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, NJ 08084, USA
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Ma W, Xia C, Ling P, Qiu M, Luo Y, Tan TH, Liu M. Leukocyte-specific adaptor protein Grap2 interacts with hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) to activate JNK signaling pathway in T lymphocytes. Oncogene 2001; 20:1703-14. [PMID: 11313918 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2000] [Revised: 12/21/2000] [Accepted: 01/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell-specific adaptor proteins create various combinations of multiprotein complexes and integrate signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus, modulating the specificity and selectivity of intracellular signal transduction. Grap2 is a newly identified adaptor protein specifically expressed in lymphoid tissues. This protein shares 40--50% sequence homology in the SH3 and the SH2 domain with Grb2 and Grap. However, the Grap2 protein has a unique 120-amino acid glutamine- and proline-rich domain between the SH2 and C-terminal SH3 domains. The expression of Grap2 is highly restricted to lymphoid organs and T lymphocytes. In order to understand the role of this specific adaptor protein in immune cell signaling and activation, we searched for the Grap2 interacting protein in T lymphocytes. We found that Grap2 interacted with the hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) in vitro and in Jurkat T cells. The interaction was mediated by the carboxyl-terminal SH3 domain of Grap2 with the second proline-rich motif of HPK1. Coexpression of Grap2 with HPK1 not only increased the kinase activity of HPK1 in the cell, but also had an additive effect on HPK1 mediated JNK activation. Furthermore, over expression of Grap2 and HPK1 induced significant transcriptional activation of c-Jun in the JNK signaling pathway and IL-2 gene reporter activity in stimulated Jurkat T cells. Therefore, our data suggest that the hematopoietic specific proteins Grap2 and HPK1 form a signaling complex to mediate the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, Center for Cancer Biology and Nutrition, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas, TX 77030, USA
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Chang MS, Chang CL, Huang CJ, Yang YC. p29, a novel GCIP-interacting protein, localizes in the nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 279:732-7. [PMID: 11118353 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
GCIP, a newly identified cyclin D-interacting protein, was found to reduce the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and inhibit E2F1-mediated transcriptional activity. To explore more GCIP interacting proteins, the yeast two-hybrid screening using GCIP as a bait protein was performed. One novel gene, p29, was demonstrated to associate with GCIP in the yeast two-hybrid method and in vitro GST pull-down assay. Multiple tissue Northern blot analysis showed that p29 was abundantly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney relative to other tissues. The transient expression of HA-tagged p29 in HeLa cells localized in the nucleus. Taken together, we have isolated a novel protein, p29, which may be involved in the functional regulation of GCIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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