1
|
Debarba LK, Jayarathne HSM, Stilgenbauer L, Terra Dos Santos AL, Koshko L, Scofield S, Sullivan R, Mandal A, Klueh U, Sadagurski M. Microglial NF-κB Signaling Deficiency Protects Against Metabolic Disruptions Caused by Volatile Organic Compound via Modulating the Hypothalamic Transcriptome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566279. [PMID: 38014216 PMCID: PMC10680567 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to benzene, a prevalent volatile organic compound (VOC), at concentrations found in smoke, triggers hyperglycemia, and inflammation in mice. Corroborating this with existing epidemiological data, we show a strong correlation between environmental benzene exposure and metabolic impairments in humans. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we employed a controlled exposure system and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), revealing rapid blood glucose surges and disturbances in energy homeostasis in mice. These effects were attributed to alterations in the hypothalamic transcriptome, specifically impacting insulin and immune response genes, leading to hypothalamic insulin resistance and neuroinflammation. Moreover, benzene exposure activated microglial transcription characterized by heightened expression of IKKβ/NF-κB-related genes. Remarkably, selective removal of IKKβ in immune cells or adult microglia in mice alleviated benzene-induced hypothalamic gliosis, and protected against hyperglycemia. In summary, our study uncovers a crucial pathophysiological mechanism, establishing a clear link between airborne toxicant exposure and the onset of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Murray MJ, Bradley E, Ng Y, Thomas O, Patel K, Angus C, Atkinson C, Reeves MB. In silico interrogation of the miRNAome of infected hematopoietic cells to predict processes important for human cytomegalovirus latent infection. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104727. [PMID: 37080390 PMCID: PMC10206818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) latency in CD34+ progenitor cells is the outcome of a complex and continued interaction of virus and host that is initiated during very early stages of infection and reflects pro- and anti-viral activity. We hypothesized that a key event during early infection could involve changes to host miRNAs, allowing for rapid modulation of the host proteome. Here, we identify 72 significantly upregulated miRNAs and three that were downregulated by 6hpi of infection of CD34+ cells which were then subject to multiple in silico analyses to identify potential genes and pathways important for viral infection. The analyses focused on the upregulated miRNAs and were used to predict potential gene hubs or common mRNA targets of multiple miRNAs. Constitutive deletion of one target, the transcriptional regulator JDP2, resulted in a defect in latent infection of myeloid cells; interestingly, transient knockdown in differentiated dendritic cells resulted in increased viral lytic IE gene expression, arguing for subtle differences in the role of JDP2 during latency establishment and reactivation of HCMV. Finally, in silico predictions identified clusters of genes with related functions (such as calcium signaling, ubiquitination, and chromatin modification), suggesting potential importance in latency and reactivation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrate that viral IE gene expression is sensitive to calcium channel inhibition in reactivating dendritic cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate HCMV alters the miRNAome rapidly upon infection and that in silico interrogation of these changes reveals new insight into mechanisms controlling viral gene expression during HCMV latency and, intriguingly, reactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Murray
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom.
| | - E Bradley
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ng
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Thomas
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Patel
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Angus
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Atkinson
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - M B Reeves
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, Royal Free Campus, UCL, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng X, Yang M, Ye T, Feng J, Xu X, Yang H, Wang X, Bao L, Li R, Xue B, Zang J, Huang Y. Mitochondrial GRIM-19 loss in parietal cells promotes spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia through NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated IL-33 activation via a reactive oxygen species (ROS) -NRF2- Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)-NF-кB axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 202:46-61. [PMID: 36990300 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), as a pre-neoplastic precursor of intestinal metaplasia (IM), plays critical roles in the development of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and gastric cancer (GC). However, the pathogenetic targets responsible for the SPEM pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19), an essential subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, was progressively lost along with malignant transformation of human CAG, little is known about the potential link between GRIM-19 loss and CAG pathogenesis. Here, we show that lower GRIM-19 is associated with higher NF-кB RelA/p65 and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) levels in CAG lesions. Functionally, GRIM-19 deficiency fails to drive direct differentiation of human GES-1 cells into IM or SPEM-like cell lineages in vitro, whereas parietal cells (PCs)-specific GRIM-19 knockout disturbs gastric glandular differentiation and promotes spontaneous gastritis and SPEM pathogenesis without intestinal characteristics in mice. Mechanistically, GRIM-19 loss causes chronic mucosal injury and aberrant NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)- HO-1 (Heme oxygenase-1) activation via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress, resulting in aberrant NF-кB activation by inducing p65 nuclear translocation via an IKK/IкB partner, while NRF2-HO-1 activation contributes to GRIM-19 loss-driven NF-кB activation via a positive feedback NRF2-HO-1 loop. Furthermore, GRIM-19 loss did not cause obvious PCs loss but triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation in PCs via a ROS-NRF2-HO-1-NF-кB axis, leading to NLRP3-dependent IL-33 expression, a key mediator for SPEM formation. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 drastically attenuates GRIM-19 loss-driven gastritis and SPEM in vivo. Our study suggests that mitochondrial GRIM-19 maybe a potential pathogenetic target for the SPEM pathogenesis, and its deficiency promotes SPEM through NLRP3/IL-33 pathway via a ROS-NRF2-HO-1-NF-кB axis. This finding not only provides a causal link between GRIM-19 loss and SPEM pathogenesis, but offers potential therapeutic strategies for the early prevention of intestinal GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- Institute of Paediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Saint Louis, 63110, MO, USA
| | - Tingbo Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jinmei Feng
- Institute of Paediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Institute of Paediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Huaan Yang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Yubei District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 40016, China
| | - Liming Bao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Bingqian Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jinbao Zang
- Institute of Paediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Institute of Paediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li F, Niu A, Zhao K, Feng J, Chen Y. GRIM-19 in asthenozoospermia regulates GC-2 spd cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3106. [PMID: 36813832 PMCID: PMC9947114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthenozoospermia (AZS) is a severe form of male infertility with no clear pathogenesis, despite numerous research efforts, there is no consensus on this. This study was to investigate the expression of gene-associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in the sperm of patients with asthenozoospermia and the regulation of GC-2 spd cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. We analyzed the sperm samples from 82 asthenozoospermia and normal patients were collected in the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Immunofluorescence, western blots and RT-qPCR analyses were used to verify the expressions of GRIM-19. MTT assays were used to assess cell proliferations, flow cytometry was performed to assess cell apoptosis, wound‑healing was performed to measure cell migration. Immunofluorescence showed that GRIM-19 is predominantly expressed in the sperm mid-piece, the mRNA expressions of GRIM-19 in sperms of the asthenozoospermia group were significantly low, relative to the normal group (OR 0.266; 95% CI = 0.081-0.868; P = 0.028). The protein expressions of GRIM-19 in sperms of the asthenozoospermia group were significantly lower than that of the normal group as well (GRIM-19/GAPDH: 0.827 ± 0.063 vs 0.458 ± 0.033; P < 0.001). GRIM-19 overexpression promotes GC-2 spd cell proliferation and migration and reduces apoptosis, while GRIM-19-silenced reduces GC-2 spd cell proliferation and migration and increased apoptosis. GRIM-19 is closely related to the occurrence of asthenozoospermia and promotes GC-2 spd cell proliferation and migration and reduces apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- grid.440265.10000 0004 6761 3768Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, 292 Kaixuan South Road, Shangqiu, Henan China
| | - Aiqin Niu
- grid.440265.10000 0004 6761 3768Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, 292 Kaixuan South Road, Shangqiu, Henan China
| | - Kangjun Zhao
- The First Clinical College of Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Jianbing Feng
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, 292 Kaixuan South Road, Shangqiu, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grim-19 plays a key role in mitochondrial steroidogenic acute regulatory protein stability and ligand-binding properties in Leydig cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102671. [PMID: 36334625 PMCID: PMC9768377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Grim-19 (gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality 19), the essential component of complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain, functions as a noncanonical tumor suppressor by controlling apoptosis and energy metabolism. However, additional biological actions of Grim-19 have been recently suggested in male reproduction. We investigated here the expression and functional role of Grim-19 in murine testis. Testicular Grim-19 expression was detected from mouse puberty and increased progressively thereafter, and GRIM-19 protein was observed to be expressed exclusively in interstitial Leydig cells (LCs), with a prominent mitochondrial localization. In vivo lentiviral vector-mediated knockdown of Grim-19 resulted in a significant decrease in testosterone production and triggered aberrant oxidative stress in testis, thus impairing male fertility by inducing germ cell apoptosis and oligozoospermia. The control of testicular steroidogenesis by GRIM-19 was validated using the in vivo knockdown model with isolated primary LCs and in vitro experiments with MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. Mechanistically, we suggest that the negative regulation exerted by GRIM-19 deficiency-induced oxidative stress on steroidogenesis may be the result of two phenomena: a direct effect through inhibition of phosphorylation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and subsequent impediment to StAR localization in mitochondria and an indirect pathway that is to facilitate the inhibiting role exerted by the extracellular matrix on the steroidogenic capacity of LCs via promotion of integrin activation. Altogether, our observations suggest that Grim-19 plays a potent role in testicular steroidogenesis and that its alterations may contribute to testosterone deficiency-related disorders linked to metabolic stress and male infertility.
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang Y, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang Y, Cheng L, Deng X, Chao L. Decreased expression of GRIM-19 induces autophagy through the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway during adenomyosis. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:956-966. [PMID: 35908189 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes underlying adenomyosis are similar to those of tumor metastasis, and it is defined as progressive invasion by the endometrium and the subsequent creation of ectopic lesions. GRIM-19 regulates cell death via the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Stress following oxygen deprivation can induce tumor cell autophagy, leading to cell invasion and migration. Here, we revealed that GRIM-19 negatively regulates autophagy, and, at least in adenomyosis, decreased expression of GRIM-19 is accompanied by an increased level of autophagy and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (AMPK-ULK1) activation. Upregulation of GRIM-19 expression in human primary endometrial cells and ISHIKAWA cells inhibits autophagy via the AMPK-ULK1 pathway and helps control cell invasion and migration. In addition, we also identified increased expression of AMPK and ULK1, and higher levels of autophagy in the uterine tissues of GRIM-19+/- mice. Importantly, the function of the GRIM-19-AMPK-ULK1 axis in regulating autophagy in adenomyosis is similar to that of tumor tissues, which may help elucidate the regulation of adenomyosis tumor-like behavior, and is expected to help identify novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of adenomyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuFei Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - HaoRan Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - LaiYang Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - XiaoHui Deng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Lan Chao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie Y, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zheng Y, Lai W. Identification of Lactate-Related Gene Signature for Prediction of Progression and Immunotherapeutic Response in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818868. [PMID: 35265521 PMCID: PMC8898832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a skin cancer type characterized by a high degree of immune cell infiltration. The potential function of lactate, a main metabolic product in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of SKCM, remains unclear. In this study, we systemically analyzed the predictive value of lactate-related genes (LRGs) for prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in SKCM patients included from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cluster 3, by consensus clustering for 61 LRGs, manifested a worse clinical outcome, attributed to the overexpression of malignancy marks. In addition, we created a prognostic prediction model for high- and low-risk patients and verified its performance in a validation cohort, GSE65904. Between TME and the risk model, we found a negative relation of the immunocyte infiltration levels with patients’ risk scores. The low-risk cases had higher ICI expression and could benefit better from ICIs relative to the high-risk cases. Thus, the lactate-related prognosis risk signature may comprehensively provide a basis for future investigations on immunotherapeutic treatment for SKCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Zheng
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Yue Zheng,
| | - Wei Lai
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Yue Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kurane T, Matsunaga T, Ida T, Sawada K, Nishimura A, Fukui M, Umemura M, Nakayama M, Ohara N, Matsumoto S, Akaike T, Matsuzaki G, Takaesu G. GRIM-19 is a target of mycobacterial Zn 2+ metalloprotease 1 and indispensable for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22096. [PMID: 34907600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101074rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which primarily infects macrophages and establishes intracellular parasitism. A mycobacterial virulence factor Zn2+ metalloprotease 1 (Zmp1) is known to suppress interleukin (IL)-1β production by inhibiting caspase-1 resulting in phagosome maturation arrest. However, the molecular mechanism of caspase-1 inhibition by Zmp1 is still elusive. Here, we identified GRIM-19 (also known as NDUFA13), an essential subunit of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, as a novel Zmp1-binding protein. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated GRIM-19 knockout murine macrophage cell line J774.1 and found that GRIM-19 is essential for IL-1β production during mycobacterial infection as well as in response to NLRP3 inflammasome-activating stimuli such as extracellular ATP or nigericin. We also found that GRIM-19 is required for the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and NLRP3-dependent activation of caspase-1. Loss of GRIM-19 or forced expression of Zmp1 resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study revealed a previously unrecognized role of GRIM-19 as an essential regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome and a molecular mechanism underlying Zmp1-mediated suppression of IL-1β production during mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kurane
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sawada
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fukui
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoya Ohara
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Giichi Takaesu
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Molecular Microbiology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mishra S, Kumar S, Choudhuri KSR, Longkumer I, Koyyada P, Kharsyiemiong ET. Structural exploration with AlphaFold2-generated STAT3α structure reveals selective elements in STAT3α-GRIM-19 interactions involved in negative regulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23145. [PMID: 34848745 PMCID: PMC8633360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3, an important transcription factor constitutively activated in cancers, is bound specifically by GRIM-19 and this interaction inhibits STAT3-dependent gene expression. GRIM-19 is therefore, considered as an inhibitor of STAT3 and may be an effective anti-cancer therapeutic target. While STAT3 exists in a dimeric form in the cytoplasm and nucleus, it is mostly present in a monomeric form in the mitochondria. Although GRIM-19-binding domains of STAT3 have been identified in independent experiments, yet the identified domains are not the same, and hence, discrepancies exist. Human STAT3-GRIM-19 complex has not been crystallised yet. Dictated by fundamental biophysical principles, the binding region, interactions and effects of hotspot mutations can provide us a clue to the negative regulatory mechanisms of GRIM-19. Prompted by the very nature of STAT3 being a challenging molecule, and to understand the structural basis of binding and interactions in STAT3α-GRIM-19 complex, we performed homology modelling and ab-initio modelling with evolutionary information using I-TASSER and avant-garde AlphaFold2, respectively, to generate monomeric, and subsequently, dimeric STAT3α structures. The dimeric form of STAT3α structure was observed to potentially exist in an anti-parallel orientation of monomers. We demonstrate that during the interactions with both unphosphorylated and phosphorylated STAT3α, the NTD of GRIM-19 binds most strongly to the NTD of STAT3α, in direct contrast to the earlier works. Key arginine residues at positions 57, 58 and 68 of GRIM-19 are mainly involved in the hydrogen-bonded interactions. An intriguing feature of these arginine residues is that these display a consistent interaction pattern across unphosphorylated and phosphorylated monomers as well as unphosphorylated dimers in STAT3α-GRIM-19 complexes. MD studies verified the stability of these complexes. Analysing the binding affinity and stability through free energy changes upon mutation, we found GRIM-19 mutations Y33P and Q61L and among GRIM-19 arginines, R68P and R57M, to be one of the top-most major and minor disruptors of binding, respectively. The proportionate increase in average change in binding affinity upon mutation was inclined more towards GRIM-19 mutants, leading to the surmise that GRIM-19 may play a greater role in the complex formation. These studies propound a novel structural perspective of STAT3α-GRIM-19 binding and inhibitory mechanisms in both the monomeric and dimeric forms of STAT3α as compared to that observed from the earlier experiments, these experimental observations being inconsistent among each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Imliyangla Longkumer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Praveena Koyyada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu H, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Huang W, Chao L. GRIM19 downregulation-induced pyroptosis of macrophages through NLRP3 pathway in adenomyosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:211-219. [PMID: 34906422 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does the absence of GRIM19 affect pyroptosis of macrophages? Is the release of IL-1β caused by pyroptosis a relevant factor in the regulation of adenomyosis progression? DESIGN Endometrial tissues were collected from patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 12) adenomyosis. GRIM19 expression of adenomyosis tissues was analysed by western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In GRIM19 knockdown macrophages, pyroptosis-related factors expressions were also measured by western blot and RT-PCR. The human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) were co-cultured with GRIM19-depleted macrophages and IL-1β neutralizing antibody to detect the effects of pyroptosis of macrophages on apoptosis, proliferation and migration of HESC. RESULTS The expression of GRIM19 was significantly lower in adenomyosis (P = 0.0002). In THP-1-derived macrophages, the expression of NLRP3 (P < 0.0001), ASC (P = 0.0176), caspase-1 (P = 0.0368), GSDMD (P = 0.0453) and IL-1β (P = 0.0208) are increased after downregulation of GRIM19. GRIM19 knockdown induced the release of IL-1β (P = 0.0195) in THP-1-derived macrophages. The apoptosis of HESC co-cultured with GRIM19 knockdown macrophages was significantly inhibited (P < 0.0001), the proliferation (P = 0.0254) and migration (P < 0.0001) were markedly promoted. Existence of IL-1β neutralizing antibody in supernatants recovered the effects (P < 0.0001) of GRIM19 knockdown macrophages on HESC. CONCLUSIONS GRIM19 downregulation induces pyroptosis of macrophages through NLRP3 pathway, increases the secretion of IL-1β and promotes adenomyosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Wenqian Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Lan Chao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diallo M, Herrera F. The role of understudied post-translational modifications for the behavior and function of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3. FEBS J 2021; 289:6235-6255. [PMID: 34235865 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors is involved in inflammation, immunity, development, cancer, and response to injury, among other biological phenomena. Canonical STAT signaling is often represented as a 3-step pathway involving the sequential activation of a membrane receptor, an intermediate kinase, and a STAT transcription factor. The rate-limiting phosphorylation at a highly conserved C-terminal tyrosine residue determines the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STATs. This apparent simplicity is actually misleading and can hardly explain the pleiotropic nature of STATs, the existence of various noncanonical STAT pathways, or the key role of the N-terminal domain in STAT functions. More than 80 post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been identified for STAT3, but their functions remain barely understood. Here, we provide a brief but comprehensive overview of these underexplored PTMs and their role on STAT3 canonical and noncanonical functions. A less tyrosine-centric point of view may be required to advance our understanding of STAT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Diallo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Federico Herrera
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Cell Structure and Dynamics Laboratory, BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências integrativas, Lisbon, Portugal.,MOSTMICRO Research Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
GRIM19 Impedes Obesity by Regulating Inflammatory White Fat Browning and Promoting Th17/Treg Balance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010162. [PMID: 33467683 PMCID: PMC7829987 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, is a metabolic disorder related to an increased risk of chronic inflammation. Obesity is mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, which is regulated by genes associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality (GRIM) 19, a protein ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues. In this study, we investigated the role of GRIM19 in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice via intravenous or intramuscular administration of a plasmid encoding GRIM19. Splenocytes from wild-type and GRIM19-overexpressing mice were compared using enzyme-linked immunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and histological analyses. GRIM19 attenuated the progression of obesity by regulating STAT3 activity and enhancing brown adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation. GRIM19 regulated the differentiation of mouse-derived 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes, while modulating gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT. GRIM19 overexpression reduced diet-induced obesity and enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. Moreover, GRIM19 overexpression reduced WAT differentiation and induced BAT differentiation in obese mice. GRIM19-transgenic mice exhibited reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels and a reciprocal balance between Th17 and Treg cells. These results suggest that GRIM19 attenuates the progression of obesity by controlling adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi YB, Cousins E, Nicholas J. Novel Functions and Virus-Host Interactions Implicated in Pathogenesis and Replication of Human Herpesvirus 8. Recent Results Cancer Res 2021; 217:245-301. [PMID: 33200369 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57362-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is classified as a γ2-herpesvirus and is related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ1-herpesvirus. One important aspect of the γ-herpesviruses is their association with neoplasia, either naturally or in animal model systems. HHV-8 is associated with B-cell-derived primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), endothelial-derived Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). EBV is also associated with a number of B-cell malignancies, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, in addition to epithelial nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. Despite the similarities between these viruses and their associated malignancies, the particular protein functions and activities involved in key aspects of virus biology and neoplastic transformation appear to be quite distinct. Indeed, HHV-8 specifies a number of proteins for which counterparts had not previously been identified in EBV, other herpesviruses, or even viruses in general, and these proteins are believed to play vital functions in virus biology and to be involved centrally in viral pathogenesis. Additionally, a set of microRNAs encoded by HHV-8 appears to modulate the expression of multiple host proteins to provide conditions conductive to virus persistence within the host and possibly contributing to HHV-8-induced neoplasia. Here, we review the molecular biology underlying these novel virus-host interactions and their potential roles in both virus biology and virus-associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Bong Choi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Emily Cousins
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - John Nicholas
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Ye T, Xue B, Yang M, Li R, Xu X, Zeng X, Tian N, Bao L, Huang Y. Mitochondrial GRIM-19 deficiency facilitates gastric cancer metastasis through oncogenic ROS-NRF2-HO-1 axis via a NRF2-HO-1 loop. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:117-132. [PMID: 32770429 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NRF2, a prime target of cellular defense against oxidative stress, has shown a dark side profile in cancer progression. GRIM-19, an essential subunit of the mitochondrial MRC complex I, was recently identified as a suppressive role in tumorigenesis of human gastric cancer (GC). However, little information is available on the role of GRIM-19 and its cross-talk with NRF2 in GC metastasis. METHODS Online GC database was used to investigate DNA methylation and survival outcomes of GRIM-19. CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus-mediated gene editing, metastasis mice models and pharmacological intervention were applied to investigate the role of GRIM-19 deficiency in GC metastasis. Quantitative RT-PCR, FACS, Western blot, IHC, IF and reporter gene assay were performed to explore underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Low GRIM-19 is correlated with poor survival outcome of GC patients while DNA hypermethylation is associated with GRIM-19 downregulation. GRIM-19 deficiency facilitates GC metastasis and triggers aberrant oxidative stress as well as ROS-dependent NRF2-HO-1 activation. Experimental interventions of specific ROS, NRF2 or HO-1 inhibitor significantly abrogate GRIM-19 deficiency-driven GC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, HO-1 inhibition not only reverses GRIM-19 deficiency-driven NRF2 activation, but also feedback blocks NRF2 activator-induced NRF2 signaling, resulting in decreased metastasis-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GRIM-19 deficiency accelerates GC metastasis through the oncogenic ROS-NRF2-HO-1 axis via a positive-feedback NRF2-HO-1 loop. Therefore, this study not only offers novel insights into the role of oncogenic NRF2 in tumor progression, but also provides new strategies to alleviate the dark side of NRF2 by targeting HO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Tingbo Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Bingqian Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Rui Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Na Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Liming Bao
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshan Erd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thyroid Hürthle Cell Carcinoma: Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Features. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010026. [PMID: 33374707 PMCID: PMC7793513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) represents 3–4% of thyroid carcinoma cases. It is characterized by its large, granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm, due to an excessive number of mitochondria. Hürthle cells can be identified only after fine needle aspiration cytology biopsy or by histological diagnosis after the surgical operation. Published studies on HCC indicate its putative high aggressiveness. In this article, current knowledge of HCC focusing on clinical features, cytopathological features, genetic changes, as well as pitfalls in diagnosis are reviewed in order to improve clinical management. Abstract Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) represents 3–4% of thyroid carcinoma cases. It is considered to be more aggressive than non-oncocytic thyroid carcinomas. However, due to its rarity, the pathological characteristics and biological behavior of HCC remain to be elucidated. The Hürthle cell is characterized cytologically as a large cell with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm, and a large hyperchromatic nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. Cytoplasmic granularity is due to the presence of numerous mitochondria. These mitochondria display packed stacking cristae and are arranged in the center. HCC is more often observed in females in their 50–60s. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging, but indicators of malignancy are male, older age, tumor size > 4 cm, a solid nodule with an irregular border, or the presence of psammoma calcifications according to ultrasound. Thyroid lobectomy alone is sufficient treatment for small, unifocal, intrathyroidal carcinomas, or clinically detectable cervical nodal metastases, but total thyroidectomy is recommended for tumors larger than 4 cm. The effectiveness of radioactive iodine is still debated. Molecular changes involve cellular signaling pathways and mitochondria-related DNA. Current knowledge of Hürthle cell carcinoma, including clinical, pathological, and molecular features, with the aim of improving clinical management, is reviewed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Moon J, Lee SH, Lee SY, Ryu J, Jhun J, Choi J, Kim GN, Roh S, Park SH, Cho ML. GRIM-19 Ameliorates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis with Reciprocal Regulation of IFNγ/Th1 and IL-17A/Th17 Cells. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e40. [PMID: 33163248 PMCID: PMC7609166 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein encoded by the Gene Associated with Retinoid-Interferon-Induced Mortality-19 (GRIM-19) is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is homologous to the NADH dehydrogenase 1-alpha subcomplex subunit 13 of the electron transport chain. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease that damages the brain and spinal cord. Although both the cause and mechanism of MS progression remain unclear, it is accepted that an immune disorder is involved. We explored whether GRIM-19 ameliorated MS by increasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells; we used a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to this end. Six-to-eight-week-old male C57BL/6, IFNγ-knockout (KO), and GRIM-19 transgenic mice were used; EAE was induced in all strains. A GRIM-19 overexpression vector (GRIM19 OVN) was electrophoretically injected intravenously. The levels of Th1 and Th17 cells were measured via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. IL-17A and IFNγ expression levels were assessed via ELISA and quantitative PCR. IL-17A expression decreased and IFNγ expression increased in EAE mice that received injections of the GRIM19 OVN. GRIM-19 transgenic mice expressed more IFNγ than did wild-type mice; this inhibited EAE development. However, the effect of GRIM-19 overexpression on the EAE of IFNγ-KO mice did not differ from that of the empty vector. GRIM-19 expression was therapeutic for EAE mice, elevating the IFNγ level. GRIM-19 regulated the Th17/Treg cell balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Moon
- Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Dental Life Science, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Ryu
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jhun
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Gyoung Nyun Kim
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Dental Life Science, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Network, Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang B, Yang Y, Deng X, Ban Y, Chao L. Interaction of M2 macrophages and endometrial cells induces downregulation of GRIM-19 in endometria of adenomyosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:790-800. [PMID: 32896475 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does the aggregation of M2 macrophages affect the expression of gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in adenomyosis? DESIGN Endometrial tissues were collected from patients with (n = 15) and without (n = 15) adenomyosis. Tissues were analysed for GRIM-19 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Apoptosis was analysed by TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) were transfected with GRIM-19 small interfering RNA (SiRNA) to knockdown GRIM-19 expression. The HESC were co-cultured with M2 macrophages to detect the influence of M2 macrophages in HESC cells. Analyses included GRIM-19, caspase-3 and TLR4 expression by western blotting, and GRIM-19 and TLR4 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Cell proliferation (Cell Counting Kit-8 assay) and migration assays were carried out. RESULTS The expression of GRIM-19 was significantly lower in adenomyosis lesions compared with controls (P < 0.001). Deficiency of GRIM-19 induced by siRNA decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation and migration in HESC. A significant decrease in GRIM-19 expression occurred in HESC after co-culture with M2 macrophages (P = 0.018). After co-culture with M2 macrophage, apoptosis decreased and proliferation and cell invasion in HESC increased. Protein (P = 0.006) and mRNA (P = 0.013) expression of TLR4 in HESC also reduced after this co-culture. Up-regulation of GRIM-19 occurred in HESC treated with the activator TLR4 (P = 0.016). Up-regulation of GRIM-19 was significantly reversed in cells treated with the TLR4 inhibitor (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION M2 macrophages may be involved in regulating the expression of GRIM-19 partly through the TLR4 signalling axis in adenomyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yanli Ban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Lan Chao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Novel NDUFA13 Mutations Associated with OXPHOS Deficiency and Leigh Syndrome: A Second Family Report. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080855. [PMID: 32722639 PMCID: PMC7465247 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (LS) usually presents as an early onset mitochondrial encephalopathy characterized by bilateral symmetric lesions in the basal ganglia and cerebral stem. More than 75 genes have been associated with this condition, including genes involved in the biogenesis of mitochondrial complex I (CI). In this study, we used a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to identify two novel biallelic variants in the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13 (NDUFA13) gene in a patient with isolated CI deficiency in skeletal muscle. Our patient, who represents the second family report with mutations in the CI NDUFA13 subunit, presented with LS lesions in brain magnetic resonance imaging, mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and progressive spastic tetraparesis. This phenotype manifestation is different from that previously described in the first NDUFA13 family, which was predominantly characterized by neurosensorial symptoms. Both in silico pathogenicity predictions and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) functional findings in patient’s skin fibroblasts (delayed cell growth, isolated CI enzyme defect, decreased basal and maximal oxygen consumption and as well as ATP production, together with markedly diminished levels of the NDUFA13 protein, CI, and respirasomes) suggest that these novel variants in the NDUFA13 gene are the underlying cause of the CI defect, expanding the genetic heterogeneity of LS.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yan N, Feng X, Jiang S, Sun W, Sun MZ, Liu S. GRIM-19 deficiency promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression and is associated with high TNM stage and Fuhrman grade. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:4115-4121. [PMID: 32382350 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) exhibits the highest mortality among all urological malignancies. The investigation of the potential disease progression markers can improve ccRCC diagnosis and treatment. Gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) is involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression in a variety of cancer types including RCC. While, its role in ccRCC remains unclear, this cancer type is considered the most aggressive RCC subtype. In the present study, RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays demonstrated that GRIM-19 protein and mRNA levels were downregulated in ccRCC tumor tissues compared with the corresponding levels noted in paracancerous non-tumor tissues. The deficiency of this protein contributed in relaxed and/or collapsed structures of the kidney tubules and collecting duct noted in tumor tissues. Moreover, the reduction in GRIM-19 expression was associated with high tumor, lymph nodes and metastasis (TNM) stage and Fuhrman grade of ccRCC tumors. The data suggested that GRIM-19 acted as a tumor suppressor and that its deficiency promoted ccRCC development and progression. GRIM-19 can be considered a potential tumor marker for ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naimeng Yan
- College of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- College of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Sixiong Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Weibin Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- College of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- College of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ohkuma R, Yada E, Ishikawa S, Komura D, Ishizaki H, Tamada K, Kubota Y, Hamada K, Ishida H, Hirasawa Y, Ariizumi H, Satoh E, Shida M, Watanabe M, Onoue R, Ando K, Tsurutani J, Yoshimura K, Yokobori T, Sasada T, Aoki T, Murakami M, Norose T, Ohike N, Takimoto M, Izumizaki M, Kobayashi S, Tsunoda T, Wada S. High expression of olfactomedin-4 is correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226707. [PMID: 31923206 PMCID: PMC6953839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor prognosis, and identification of novel predictors of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis is urgently needed. Chemoresistance-related molecules are correlated with poor prognosis and may be effective targets for cancer treatment. Here, we aimed to identify novel molecules correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. We established 10 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines from patients with pancreatic cancer and performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of tumor tissues from PDXs after treatment with standard drugs. We established a gene-transferred tumor cell line to express chemoresistance-related molecules and analyzed the chemoresistance of the established cell line against standard drugs. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of chemoresistance-related molecules using 80 pancreatic cancer tissues. From NGS analysis, we identified olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) as having high expression in the PDX group treated with anticancer drugs. In IHC analysis, OLFM4 expression was also high in PDXs administered anticancer drugs compared with that in untreated PDXs. Chemoresistance was observed by in vitro analysis of tumor cell lines with forced expression of OLFM4. In an assessment of tissue specimens from 80 patients with pancreatic cancer, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients in the low OLFM4 expression group had a better survival rate than patients in the high OLFM4 expression group. Additionally, multivariate analysis showed that high expression of OLFM4 was an independent prognostic factor predicting poor outcomes. Overall, our study revealed that high expression of OLFM4 was involved in chemoresistance and was an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer. OLFM4 may be a candidate therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Ohkuma
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erica Yada
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hamada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ishida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hirasawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immuno Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ariizumi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Satoh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Shida
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Onoue
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Ando
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tsurutani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Immuno Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Innovative Immune-Oncology Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aoki
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Division of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Norose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohike
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Izumizaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kobayashi
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsunoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Oncology, Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Research Institute for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu Y, Wang X, Guo B, Wang D, Kalvakolanu DV, Chen X, Tang J, Zhang L, Yang Q. Nonviral Delivery of GRIM-19 Gene Inhibits Tumor Growth with Reduced Local and Systemic Complications. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1419-1430. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dhan V. Kalvakolanu
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Biology Program, University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Departments of Pathogenobiology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hwang SN, Kim JC, Kim SY. Heterogeneity of GRIM-19 Expression in the Adult Mouse Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:935-951. [PMID: 31111264 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) is a subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I that has a significant effect on ATP production. The brain is particularly susceptible to ATP deficiency due to its limited energy storage capability and its high rate of oxygen consumption. Thus, GRIM-19 might be involved in regulating ATP level in the brain or cell death caused by several neurological disorders. To understand the physiological and pathophysiological roles of GRIM-19 in the brain, a thorough investigation of the neuroanatomic distribution of GRIM-19 in the normal brain is necessary. Therefore, the present study examined the distribution patterns of GRIM-19 in the adult C57BL/6 mouse brain using immunohistochemistry and identified cell types expressing GRIM-19 using double immunofluorescence staining. We found that GRIM-19 was ubiquitously but not homogenously expressed throughout the brain. GRIM-19 immunoreactivity was predominantly observed in neurons, but not in astrocytes, microglia, or oligodendrocytes under normal physiological conditions. Following transient global cerebral ischemia, GRIM-19-positive immunoreactivity was, however, observed in neurons as well as glial cells including astrocytes in the hippocampus. Furthermore, GRIM-19 was weakly expressed in the hippocampal subgranular zone, in which neural stem and progenitor cells are abundant, but highly expressed in the immature and mature neuronal cells in the granular cell layer of the normal brain, suggesting an inverse correlation between expression of GRIM-19 and stemness activity. Collectively, our study demonstrating widespread and differential distribution of GRIM-19 in the adult mouse brain contributes to investigating the functional and pathophysiological roles of this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Nyoung Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang Y, Cheng L, Deng X, Yu H, Chao L. Expression of GRIM-19 in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and possible pathogenesis. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:366-374. [PMID: 29741731 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is aberrant expression of gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) associated with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA)? SUMMARY ANSWER GRIM-19 deficiency may regulate regulatory T cell/T helper 17 cell (Treg/Th17) balance partly through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis in URSA. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Immunological disorders may cause impaired maternal immune tolerance to the fetus and result in fetal rejection. The differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells is controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. GRIM-19 participates in the immune response, but its role in URSA is largely unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The current study included 28 URSA patients and 30 non-pregnant healthy women. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The proportion of Treg and Th17 cells in peripheral blood of URSA patients and control subjects were assessed with flow cytometry. The expression of GRIM-19 in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was measured with quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the ROS level in the PBLs of URSA patients and control subjects were assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Then, Akt/mTOR expression in the PBLs was measured. Downregulation of GRIM-19 in Jurkat cells was performed by specific siRNA. Then, intracellular ROS production and the expression of p-mTOR, which is known to enhance Th17 differentiation and decrease Treg cell differentiation, were detected. Finally, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used to decrease the intracellular ROS level, and the expression of p-mTOR was measured. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The proportion of Treg cells was reduced in URSA patients, whereas the proportion of Th17 cells was increased. The expression of GRIM-19 was significantly lower in PBLs of URSA patients. Furthermore, there is a considerable increase in intracellular ROS production and a high level of p-Akt and p-mTOR expression in the PBLs of URSA patients compared with the control subjects. In parallel to this, downregulation of GRIM-19 in the Jurkat cells by siRNA results in an increased ROS production and an increased expression of p-mTOR. Importantly, the upregulation of p-mTOR resulting from GRIM-19 loss was significantly reversed in the cells treatment with ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), indicating that ROS was indeed required for GRIM-19 depletion induced p-mTOR expression. LARGE SCALE DATA None. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A large number of researches have confirmed that the differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells is controlled by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. We have not shown the regulatory role of ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTOR in Treg and Th17 differentiation in this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study has demonstrated that GRIM-19 deficiency may play a role in regulating Treg/Th17 balance partly through ROS-mTOR signaling axis in URSA. The present study offers a new perspective to the roles of GRIM-19 in immunoregulation. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 81571511, 81701528, 81370711 and 30901603), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant numbers ZR2017PH052 and ZR2013HM090) and the Science Foundation of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Grant numbers 2015QLQN50 and 2015QLMS24). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could prejudice the impartiality of the present research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Laiyang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongling Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lan Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cui L, Meng Q, Wen J, Yan Z, Gao Z, Tian Y, Xu P, Lian P, Yu H. The effect of a gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) on STAT3-induced gene expression in renal carcinoma. J Biochem 2018; 164:285-294. [PMID: 29961871 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the exact regulatory mechanisms of retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in renal carcinoma. Tumour tissue samples from patients with renal carcinoma (n = 30, there were seven cases of Stage I, eight cases of Stage II, eight cases of Stage III, seven cases of Stage IV) and control subjects were selected from adjacent normal tissue (n = 10). Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to assess the level of GRIM-19, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and its downstream molecules. CD31 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The MTT assay was used to measure cell proliferation. The amount of apoptosis cells was analysed by Flow cytometry. The results showed that expression of GRIM-19 was decreased in renal carcinoma. However, in tumour tissue, STAT3 and its downstream signalling molecules showed the higher expression compared with control. Overexpression of GRIM-19, inhibited tumour growth apoptosis by mediating activators of STAT3 signal. In addition, interferon-β and all-trans-retinoic acid inhibited the renal carcinoma cell growth and induced apoptosis, and effect of drug combinations was particularly evident. In conclusion, GRIM-19 expression is associated with hyperactivation of STAT3-induced gene expression in renal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingang Cui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingjun Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zechen Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yudong Tian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengchao Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pengchao Lian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Haizhou Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The Oncojanus Paradigm of Respiratory Complex I. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050243. [PMID: 29735924 PMCID: PMC5977183 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory function is now recognized as a pivotal player in all the aspects of cancer biology, from tumorigenesis to aggressiveness and chemotherapy resistance. Among the enzymes that compose the respiratory chain, by contributing to energy production, redox equilibrium and oxidative stress, complex I assumes a central role. Complex I defects may arise from mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, in both structural genes or assembly factors, from alteration of the expression levels of its subunits, or from drug exposure. Since cancer cells have a high-energy demand and require macromolecules for proliferation, it is not surprising that severe complex I defects, caused either by mutations or treatment with specific inhibitors, prevent tumor progression, while contributing to resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, enhanced oxidative stress due to mild complex I dysfunction drives an opposite phenotype, as it stimulates cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. We here review the current knowledge on the contribution of respiratory complex I to cancer biology, highlighting the double-edged role of this metabolic enzyme in tumor progression, metastasis formation, and response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mitochondrial GRIM-19 as a potential therapeutic target for STAT3-dependent carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41404-41420. [PMID: 27167343 PMCID: PMC5173068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant STAT3 activation occurs in most human gastric cancers (GCs) and contributes to the malignant progression of GC, but mechanism(s) underlying aberrant STAT3 remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrated that the gene associated with retinoid interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) was severely depressed or lost in GC and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) tissues and its loss contributed to GC tumorigenesis partly by activating STAT3 signaling. In primary human GC tissues, GRIM-19 was frequently depressed or lost and this loss correlated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, H. pylori infection and poor overall survival of GC patients. In CAG tissues, GRIM-19 was progressively decreased along with its malignant transformation. Functionally, we indentified an oncogenic role of GRIM-19 loss in promoting GC tumorigenesis. Ectopic GRIM-19 expression suppressed GC tumor formation in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, we revealed that GRIM-19 inhibited STAT3 transcriptional activation and its downstream targets by reducing STAT3 nuclear distribution. Conversely, knockdown of GRIM-19 induced aberrant STAT3 activation and accelerated GC cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and this could be partly attenuated by the blockage of STAT3 activation. In addition, we observed subcellular redistributions of GRIM-19 characterized by peri-nuclear aggregates, non-mitochondria cytoplasmic distribution and nuclear invasion, which should be responsible for reduced STAT3 nuclear distribution. Our studies suggest that mitochondrial GRIM-19 could not only serve as an valuable prognostic biomarker for GC development, but also as a potential therapeutic target for STAT3-dependent carcinogenesis of GC.
Collapse
|
27
|
miR-6743-5p, as a direct upstream regulator of GRIM-19, enhances proliferation and suppresses apoptosis in glioma cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171038. [PMID: 29074558 PMCID: PMC5725612 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19) has been recognized as a tumor suppressor protein, which regulates cell growth, apoptosis, and migration by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway and non-STAT3 pathway in glioma cells. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that regulated GRIM-19 expression in glioma cells. By the TargetScan algorithm, four miRNAs, hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-423-5p, hsa-miR-3184-5p, and hsa-miR-6743-5p, were identified with the potential to bind with 3′-UTR of GRIM-19. Further miRNA inhibitor transfection and luciferase assays revealed that miR-6743-5p was able to directly target the 3′-UTR of GRIM-19. Additionally, miR-6743-5p expression was inversely related with GRIM-19 expression in glioma specimens and cell lines. Moreover, the inhibition of miR-6743-5p caused a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and a marked promotion of cell apoptosis in glioma cells, and this phenotype was rescued by GRIM-19 knockdown. Finally, the inhibition of miR-6743-5p expression suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3, and the mRNA expression of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, two target genes of STAT3, while miR-6743-5p mimic had the inversed effects. Treatment with STAT3 inhibitor AG490 partially rescued the proliferation-promoting and anti-apoptosis effects of miR-6743-5p overexpression or GRIM-19 knockdown. Collectively, miR-6743-5p may act as an oncomiRNA in glioma by targetting GRIM-19 and STAT3.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ilelis F, do Amaral NS, Alves MR, da Costa AABA, Calsavara VF, Lordello L, De Brot L, Soares FA, Rodrigues IS, Rocha RM. Prognostic value of GRIM-19, NF-κB and IKK2 in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 214:187-194. [PMID: 29254797 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is an aggressive tumour, and most patients relapse after treatment, acquiring resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. One of the resistance mechanisms proposed is apoptosis evasion triggered by drug-related cytotoxic effect in the cell. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the protein expression of GRIM-19, NF-κB and IKK2, their association with chemotherapy response and to determine their prognostic values in HGSC. METHODS GRIM-19, NF-κB and IKK2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 71 patients with HGSC selected between 2003 and 2013, whose underwent primary debulking surgery with complete cytoreduction. Protein expression was analyzed in relation to platinum response groups, tumour progression, clinicopathological data and survival. RESULTS Positive IKK2 expression was related to resistance (p = 0.011), shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.026) and was also a risk factor for relapse (p = 0.002) and death (p = 0.032). The association between IKK2 and NF-κB positivity predicted a subgroup with shorter overall survival (p = 0.004), disease-free survival (p = 0.003) and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy (p = 0.036). NF-κB positivity was associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.005) and disease-free survival (p = 0.027) and was a positive predictor for relapse (p = 0.032) and death (p = 0.008). Higher expression of GRIM-19 was associated with higher disease-free survival (p = 0.039) and was a negative predictor for relapse (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS GRIM-19 is a potential predictor of prognosis and disease recurrence in HGSC. IKK2 and NF-κB are related to poor prognosis and are potential predictors of response to platinum-based chemotherapy in HGSC. IHC analyses of GRIM19, IKK2 and NF-κB may be important in the attempt to provide prognostic values for relapse and response to treatment in patients with HGSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ilelis
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Investigative Pathology,A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil.
| | - Nayra Soares do Amaral
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Investigative Pathology,A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rezende Alves
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Investigative Pathology,A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Louise De Brot
- Department of Anatomic Pathology,A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
| | | | - Iara Sant'Ana Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Investigative Pathology,A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
| | - Rafael Malagoli Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
GRIM-19 represses the proliferation and invasion of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells associated with downregulation of STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1169-1176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
30
|
Electron leak from NDUFA13 within mitochondrial complex I attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury via dimerized STAT3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11908-11913. [PMID: 29078279 PMCID: PMC5692532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704723114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to electron leak from the mitochondria may be involved in physiological or pathological processes. NDUFA13 is an accessory subunit of mitochondria complex I with a unique molecular structure and is located close to FeS clusters with low electrochemical potentials. Here, we generated cardiac-specific conditional NDUFA13 heterozygous knockout mice. At the basal state, a moderate down-regulation of NDUFA13 created a leak within complex I, resulting in a mild increase in cytoplasm localized H2O2, but not superoxide. The resultant ROS served as a second messenger and was responsible for the STAT3 dimerization and, hence, the activation of antiapoptotic signaling, which eventually significantly suppressed the superoxide burst and decreased the infarct size during the ischemia-reperfusion process. The causative relationship between specific mitochondrial molecular structure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has attracted much attention. NDUFA13 is a newly identified accessory subunit of mitochondria complex I with a unique molecular structure and a location that is very close to the subunits of complex I of low electrochemical potentials. It has been reported that down-regulated NDUFA13 rendered tumor cells more resistant to apoptosis. Thus, this molecule might provide an ideal opportunity for us to investigate the profile of ROS generation and its role in cell protection against apoptosis. In the present study, we generated cardiac-specific tamoxifen-inducible NDUFA13 knockout mice and demonstrated that cardiac-specific heterozygous knockout (cHet) mice exhibited normal cardiac morphology and function in the basal state but were more resistant to apoptosis when exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. cHet mice showed a preserved capacity of oxygen consumption rate by complex I and II, which can match the oxygen consumption driven by electron donors of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD)+ascorbate. Interestingly, at basal state, cHet mice exhibited a higher H2O2 level in the cytosol, but not in the mitochondria. Importantly, increased H2O2 served as a second messenger and led to the STAT3 dimerization and, hence, activation of antiapoptotic signaling, which eventually significantly suppressed the superoxide burst and decreased the infarct size during the I/R process in cHet mice.
Collapse
|
31
|
Correia M, Pinheiro P, Batista R, Soares P, Sobrinho-Simões M, Máximo V. Etiopathogenesis of oncocytomas. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:82-94. [PMID: 28687249 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oncocytomas are distinct tumors characterized by an abnormal accumulation of defective and (most probably) dysfunctional mitochondria in cell cytoplasm of such tumors. This particular phenotype has been studied for the last decades and the clarification of the etiopathogenic causes are still needed. Several mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of oncocytomas are accepted as reasonable causes, but the relevance and contribution of each one for oncocytic transformation may depend on different cancer etiopathogenic contexts. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the etiopathogenic events that may lead to oncocytic transformation and discuss their contribution for tumor progression and mitochondrial accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Correia
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pinheiro
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Batista
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valdemar Máximo
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde - i3S (Institute for Research and Innovation in Health), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - FMUP (Medical Faculty of University of Porto), Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim JH, Sung PS, Lee EB, Hur W, Park DJ, Shin EC, Windisch MP, Yoon SK. GRIM-19 Restricts HCV Replication by Attenuating Intracellular Lipid Accumulation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:576. [PMID: 28443075 PMCID: PMC5387058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) targets multiple signaling pathways involved in cell death and growth. However, the role of GRIM-19 in the pathogenesis of hepatitis virus infections remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the restrictive effects of GRIM-19 on the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We found that GRIM-19 protein levels were reduced in HCV-infected Huh7 cells and Huh7 cells harboring HCV replicons. Moreover, ectopically expressed GRIM-19 caused a reduction in both intracellular viral RNA levels and secreted viruses in HCVcc-infected cell cultures. The restrictive effect on HCV replication was restored by treatment with siRNA against GRIM-19. Interestingly, GRIM-19 overexpression did not alter the level of phosphorylated STAT3 or its subcellular distribution. Strikingly, forced expression of GRIM-19 attenuated an increase in intracellular lipid droplets after oleic acid (OA) treatment or HCVcc infection. GRIM-19 overexpression abrogated fatty acid-induced upregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1c), resulting in attenuated expression of its target genes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). Treatment with OA or overexpression of SREBP-1c in GRIM-19-expressing, HCVcc-infected cells restored HCV replication. Our results suggest that GRIM-19 interferes with HCV replication by attenuating intracellular lipid accumulation and therefore is an anti-viral host factor that could be a promising target for HCV treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, South Korea
| | - Pil S Sung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun B Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, South Korea
| | - Wonhee Hur
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, South Korea
| | - Dong J Park
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, South Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Marc P Windisch
- Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Discovery Biology Department, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-siGyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seung K Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Papa F, Lippolis R, Sardaro N, Gnoni A, Scacco S. All trans retinoic acid depresses the content and activity of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:301-304. [PMID: 27856255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis shows that treatment of keratinocytes cultures with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), under condition in which it inhibits cell growth, results in marked decrease of the level of the F1-β subunit of the catalytic sector of the mitochondrial FoF1 ATP synthase complex. Enzymatic analysis shows in ATRA-treated keratinocytes a consistent depression of the ATPase activity, with decreased olygomycin sensitivity, indicating an overall alteration of the ATP synthase complex. These findings, together with the previously reported inhibition of respiratory complex I, show that depression of the activity of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes is involved in the cell growth inhibitory action of ATRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - R Lippolis
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, Italy
| | - N Sardaro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - A Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - S Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang Y, Sun Y, Cheng L, Li A, Shen Y, Jiang L, Deng X, Chao L. GRIM-19, a gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality, affects endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1447-1455. [DOI: 10.1071/rd16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
GRIM-19 is associated with apoptosis, abnormal proliferation, immune tolerance and malignant transformation, and it also plays an important role in early embryonic development. Although the homologous deletion of GRIM-19 causes embryonic lethality in mice, the precise role of GRIM-19 in embryo implantation has not been elucidated. Here we show that GRIM-19 plays an important role in endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Day 1 to Day 6 pregnant mouse uteri were collected. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed the presence of GRIM-19 on the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium throughout the implantation period in pregnant mice. The protein and mRNA levels of GRIM-19 were markedly decreased on Day 4 of pregnancy in pregnant mice, but there was no change in GRIM-19 levels in a group of pseudopregnant mice. Overexpression of GRIM-19 decreased the adhesion rate of RL95–2–BeWo co-cultured spheroids and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, STAT3 and IL-11 mRNA and protein levels were reduced by overexpressing GRIM-19, but protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α were increased. These findings indicate the involvement of GRIM-19 in the embryo implantation process by regulating adhesion, apoptosis and immune tolerance.
Collapse
|
35
|
Expression of NDUFA13 in asthenozoospermia and possible pathogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 34:66-74. [PMID: 27789183 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility, which is characterized by reduced forward motility of spermatozoa. The cause and pathogenesis of asthenozoospermia are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 13 (NDUFA13) in the spermatozoa of men with asthenozoospermia and its possible pathogenesis. Protein content of NDUFA13 in spermatozoa was measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that NDUFA13 expression in spermatozoa was significantly lower in men with asthenozoospermic than in men with normozoospermia (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence experiments showed that NDUFA13 was expressed predominantly in the sperm mid-piece. A lower mitochondrial membrane potential, a higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and more apoptotic cells were also detected in men with asthenozoospermia. NDUFA13-specific small interfering RNA was used in the mouse spermatocyte GC2-spd cell line to down-regulate the expression of NDUFA13. The knockdown of NDUFA13 in the GC2-spd cells caused a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in ROS level and more apoptotic cells. Our study showed that NDUFA13 deficiency may be associated with asthenozoospermia through the disturbance of spermatozoa mitochondrial membrane potential and by increasing apoptosis and intracellular ROS.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dong CJ, Wu AM, Du SJ, Tang K, Wang Y, Liu JY. GhMCS1, the Cotton Orthologue of Human GRIM-19, Is a Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex I and Associated with Cotton Fibre Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162928. [PMID: 27632161 PMCID: PMC5025012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GRIM-19 (Gene associated with Retinoid-Interferon-induced Mortality 19) is a subunit of mitochondrial respiratory complex I in mammalian systems, and it has been demonstrated to be a multifunctional protein involved in the cell cycle, cell motility and innate immunity. However, little is known about the molecular functions of its homologues in plants. Here, we characterised GhMCS1, an orthologue of human GRIM-19 from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and found that it was essential for maintaining complex integrity and mitochondrial function in cotton. GhMCS1 was detected in various cotton tissues, with high levels expressed in developing fibres and flowers and lower levels in leaves, roots and ovules. In fibres at different developmental stages, GhMCS1 expression peaked at 5-15 days post anthesis (dpa) and then decreased at 20 dpa and diminished at 25 dpa. By Western blot analysis, GhMCS1 was observed to be localised to the mitochondria of cotton leaves and to colocalise with complex I. In Arabidopsis, GhMCS1 overexpression enhanced the assembly of complex I and thus respiratory activity, whereas the GhMCS1 homologue (At1g04630) knockdown mutants showed significantly decreased respiratory activities. Furthermore, the mutants presented with some phenotypic changes, such as smaller whole-plant architecture, poorly developed seeds and fewer trichomes. More importantly, in the cotton fibres, both the GhMCS1 transcript and protein levels were correlated with respiratory activity and fibre developmental phase. Our results suggest that GhMCS1, a functional ortholog of the human GRIM-19, is an essential subunit of mitochondrial complex I and is involved in cotton fibre development. The present data may deepen our knowledge on the potential roles of mitochondria in fibre morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Juan Dong
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Jun Du
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nallar SC, Kalvakolanu DV. GRIM-19: A master regulator of cytokine induced tumor suppression, metastasis and energy metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 33:1-18. [PMID: 27659873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines induce cell proliferation or growth suppression depending on the context. It is increasingly becoming clear that success of standard radiotherapy and/or chemotherapeutics to eradicate solid tumors is dependent on IFN signaling. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms of tumor growth suppression by a gene product isolated in our laboratory using a genome-wide expression knock-down strategy. Gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality -19 (GRIM-19) functions as non-canonical tumor suppressor by antagonizing oncoproteins. As a component of mitochondrial respiratory chain, GRIM-19 influences the degree of "Warburg effect" in cancer cells as many advanced and/or aggressive tumors show severely down-regulated GRIM-19 levels. In addition, GRIM-19 appears to regulate innate and acquired immune responses in mouse models. Thus, GRIM-19 is positioned at nodes that favor cell protection and/or prevent aberrant cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Park MJ, Lee SH, Lee SH, Kim EK, Lee EJ, Moon YM, La Cho M. GRIM19 ameliorates acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by modulating Th17 and Treg cell balance through down-regulation of STAT3 and NF-AT activation. J Transl Med 2016; 14:206. [PMID: 27391226 PMCID: PMC4938933 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper (Th) 17 cells are a subset of T helper cells that express interleukin (IL)-17 and initiate the inflammatory response in autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of T cells that produce forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and inhibit the immune response. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a complication of allogeneic tissue transplantation, and Th17 cells and their proinflammatory activity play a central role in the pathogenesis of GVHD. Gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality (GRIM) 19, originally identified as a nuclear protein, is expressed ubiquitously in various human tissues and regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activity. METHODS Splenoytes and bone marrow cells were transplanted into mice with GVHD. The alloresponse of T cells and GVHD clinical score was measured. Realtime-polymerase chain reaction (realtime-PCR) was used to examine mRNA level. Flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate protein expression. RESULTS A GRIM19 transgenic cell transplant inhibited Th17 cell differentiation, alloreactive T cell responses, and STAT3 expression in mice with GVHD. On the other hand, the differentiation of Tregs and STAT5 production were enhanced by GRIM19. Overall, the severity of GVHD was decreased in mice that had received GRIM19 transgenic bone marrow and spleen transplants. Transplantation from GRIM19-overexpressing cells downregulated the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1) but promoted the expression of regulator of calcineurin (RCAN)3 while downregulating NFAT-dependent cytokine gene expression. This complex mechanism underlies the therapeutic effect of GRIM19. CONCLUSIONS We observed that GRIM19 can reduce Th17 cell differentiation and alloreactive T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, GRIM19 suppressed the severity of GVHD by modulating STAT3 activity and controlling Th17 and Treg cell differentiation. These results suggest that GRIM19 attenuates acute GVHD through the inhibition of the excessive inflammatory response mediated by T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Mee Moon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi- La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, South Korea. .,Conversant Research Consortium in Immunologic Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea 505 Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, 137-040, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Grim19 Attenuates DSS Induced Colitis in an Animal Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155853. [PMID: 27258062 PMCID: PMC4892643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DSS induced colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which destabilizes the gut and induces an uncontrolled immune response. Although DSS induced colitis is generally thought to develop as a result of an abnormally active intestinal immune system, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Gene associated with retinoid interferon induced mortality (Grim) 19 is an endogenous specific inhibitor of STAT3, which regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the influence of GRIM19 in a DSS induced colitis mouse model. We hypothesized that Grim19 would ameliorate DSS induced colitis by altering STAT3 activity and intestinal inflammation. Grim19 ameliorated DSS induced colitis severity and protected intestinal tissue. The expression of STAT3 and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α in colon and lymph nodes was decreased significantly by Grim19. Moreover, DSS induced colitis progression in a Grim19 transgenic mouse line was inhibited in association with a reduction in STAT3 and IL-17 expression. These results suggest that Grim19 attenuates DSS induced colitis by suppressing the excessive inflammatory response mediated by STAT3 activation.
Collapse
|
40
|
The Effect of Aging on Mitochondrial Complex I and the Extent of Oxidative Stress in the Rat Brain Cortex. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2160-72. [PMID: 27161369 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of the aging is dysfunction of mitochondria. Its role in the regulation of metabolism and apoptosis suggests a possible link between these cellular processes. This study investigates the relationship of respiratory complex I with aging-related oxidative stress in the cerebral mitochondria. Deterioration of complex I seen in senescent (26-months old) mitochondria was accompanied by decline in total thiol group content, increase of HNE and HNE-protein adducts as well as decreased content of complex I subunits, GRIM-19 and NDUFV2. On the other hand, decline of complex I might be related with the mitochondrial apoptosis through increased Bax/Bcl-2 cascade in 15-month old animal brains. Higher amount of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL with the lower content of GRIM-19 could maintain to some extent elevated oxidative stress in mitochondria as seen in the senescent group. In the cortical M1 region increased presence of TUNEL+ cells and more than 20-times higher density of Fluoro-Jade C+ cells in 26-months old was observed, suggesting significant neurodegenerative effect of aging in the neuronal cells. Our study supports a scenario in which the age-related decline of complex I might sensitize neurons to the action of death agonists, such as Bax through lipid and protein oxidative stimuli in mitochondria. Although aging is associated with oxidative stress, these changes did not increase progressively with age, as similar extent of lesions was observed in oxidative stress markers of the both aged groups.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou Y, Xu F, Tao F, Feng D, Ling B, Qian L, Yang X, Wang Q, Wang H, Zhao W, Cheng Y, Shan G, Kalvakolanu DV, Xiao W. GRIM-19 Restores Cervical Cancer Cell Senescence by Repressing hTERT Transcription. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:506-15. [PMID: 27142689 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
High telomerase activity promotes tumor growth by stabilizing damaged chromosomes and their mitotic replication. Overactivation of telomerase activity has been reported in cervical cancer, a malignancy caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs). The HR-HPV E6 can activate hTERT promoter by interacting with E6AP or other binding proteins and by stabilizing the interaction between hTERT and E6AP. GRIM-19 is a novel tumor suppressor that affects multiple targets in a cell to regulate growth. We have previously reported the interaction of GRIM-19 with 18E6 and E6AP to disrupt the E6/E6AP complex and increase the autoubiquitination of E6AP. In this study, we characterized the interaction of GRIM-19 with 16E6 (an oncoprotein produced by HPV16) and identified the binding sites that mediate this interaction. We also found that GRIM-19 expression in cervical cancer cells could inhibit telomerase activity by inhibiting the transactivation of the hTERT promoter by E6, thereby promoting cervical cancer cell senescence. Moreover, we identified a negative correlation between GRIM-19 and hTERT expression in cervical cancer tissues. Suppression of GRIM-19 and induction of hTERT levels were associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and poor prognosis. This study identified another important novel antitumor molecular link associated with GRIM-19 in the tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Fei Xu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Feng Tao
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Bin Ling
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Lili Qian
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Xia Yang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- 2 Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China
| | - Ge Shan
- 3 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- 4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Weihua Xiao
- 3 Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Peng T, Gu MM, Zhao CS, Wang WN, Huang MZ, Xie CY, Xiao YC, Cha GH, Liu Y. The GRIM-19 plays a vital role in shrimps' responses to Vibrio alginolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:34-44. [PMID: 26702559 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
GRIM-19 (gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19), a novel cell death regulatory gene, plays important roles in cell apoptosis, mitochondrial respiratory chain and immune response. It has been reported to interact physically with STAT3 and inhibit STAT3-dependent signal transduction. In this study, a new GRIM-19 gene, which is a 789-bp gene encoding a 149 amino acids protein, is identified and characterized from Litopenaeus vannamei. The tissue distribution patterns showed that LvGRIM-19 was widely expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression in muscle. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that LvGRIM-19 was down-regulated in hepatopancreas after infection with the Vibrio alginolyticus. Knockdown of LvGRIM-19 by RNA interference resulted in a lower mortality of L. vannamei under V. alginolyticus infection, as well as an enhancement in the protein expression of STAT gene and JAK gene. V. alginolyticus infection caused an increase apoptotic cell ratio and ROS production of L. vannamei, while LvGRIM-19 silenced shrimps showed significantly lower than GFP group. Our results suggest that the GRIM-19 plays a vital role in shrimps' responses to V. alginolyticus. Interferenced LvGRIM-19 treatment during V. alginolyticus infection could increase 12 h survival rate, which might indicated that LvGRIM-19 is closely related to death of shrimps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Mei-Mei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Wei-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Ming-Zhu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chen-Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yu-Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Gui-Hong Cha
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Donatini G, Beaulieu A, Castagnet M, Kraimps JL, Levillain P, Fromont G. Thyroid Hürthle cell tumors: research of potential markers of malignancy. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:153-8. [PMID: 26188382 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hurthle cell tumors (HCTs) are rare thyroid neoplasia. To date, capsular and/or vascular invasion are the only findings predicting malignancy. Recently, mutation of 19p13, encoding two proteins involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis (GRIM-19 and p19), has been described. The aim of our study is to evaluate the cellular proliferation index (Ki67), GRIM-19 and p19 expression as diagnostic markers of malignancy in HCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty patients with HCT (32 carcinomas, 48 adenomas) whom underwent surgery in our center were included. Samples of both neoplastic lesions and adjacent normal thyroid tissue were analyzed by means of tissue micro-arrays. Correlations between expressions of Ki67, GRIM-19 and p19 and final histology were analyzed. RESULTS Mean size of the lesion was higher in carcinomas than in adenomas (p = 0.01). GRIM-19 and p19 were significantly underexpressed in Hurthle cells tumors compared to normal tissue (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Ki67 and GRIM-19 were, respectively, higher and down-expressed in carcinomas compared to adenomas (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.005, respectively). On multivariate analysis, size correlates with carcinoma diagnosis. Neither GRIM-19 nor Ki67 index was related to size. The expression of p19 was reduced in both adenoma and carcinoma but differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggest that Ki67 and GRIM-19 correlate with malignancy in HCT. The expression of p19 is down-regulated in HCT, but it is not diagnostic of carcinoma. Ki67 and GRIM-19 may potentially help as cytological markers of malignancy in HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Donatini
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, CHU Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, 86021, Poitiers, France.
| | - A Beaulieu
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, CHU Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - M Castagnet
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, CHU Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - J-L Kraimps
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, CHU Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - P Levillain
- Department of Pathology, CHU Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, 86021, Poitiers, France
| | - G Fromont
- Department of Pathology, CHU Poitiers, 2 Rue de la Miletrie, 86021, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yue X, Zhao P, Wu K, Huang J, Zhang W, Wu Y, Liang X, He X. GRIM-19 inhibition induced autophagy through activation of ERK and HIF-1α not STAT3 in Hela cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9789-96. [PMID: 26810068 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality (GRIM-19), an important subunit of mitochondrial complex I, has been identified as a tumor suppressor, and its reduced expression has been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Autophagy has been proposed as a protective mechanism for cell survival under various stresses, including chemotherapy. However, it remains unknown whether GRIM-19 is linked to autophagy and chemotherapy resistance. Here, we showed that suppression of GRIM-19 by shRNA enhanced cell-type-dependent autophagy by activating extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and hypoxia inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated manner, and thereby conferred resistance to paclitaxel. Besides, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could in part overcome this resistance. We also found that GRIM-19 expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage and grade in patients with cervical cancers. Taken together, our results indicated that GRIM-19 inhibition induced autophagy and chemotherapy resistance, which could affect prognosis of cervical cancers. Our study has identified new function of GRIM-19 and its underlying mechanism, and it will provide possible avenues for therapeutic targeting in cervical cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Follow-Up Studies
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, No. 100 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peiwei Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, No. 100 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaogui Wu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelian He
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, No. 100 Hongkong Rd, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Expression of GRIM-19 in adenomyosis and its possible role in pathogenesis. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1093-101. [PMID: 26769301 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of the gene associated with retinoid-interferon (IFN)-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in the endometrial tissue of patients with adenomyosis and to describe the possible pathogenic mechanisms of this phenomenon. DESIGN Experimental study using human samples and cell lines. SETTING University-affiliated hospital. PATIENT(S) Ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissues were obtained from 30 patients with adenomyosis, whereas normal endometrial specimens were obtained from 10 control patients without adenomyosis. INTERVENTION(S) Patients with rapid pathology report-confirmed adenomyosis were recruited, and eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue samples were collected from patients who had undergone hysterectomies by either the transabdominal or laparoscopic method at Qilu Hospital. Normal endometrial tissue was collected from a group of control patients without adenomyosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of GRIM-19, phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Y705) (Y705) (pSTAT3(Y705)), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrial tissue samples. The protein levels of GRIM-19, pSTAT3(Y705), STAT3, and VEGF were detected by Western blot. Apoptosis in endometrial specimens was assayed by TUNEL. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody directed against CD34 was performed to detect new blood vessels in the endometrial tissue. GRIM-19 small interfering RNA and a recombinant plasmid carrying GRIM-19 were constructed to evaluate the effects of GRIM-19 on the downstream factors pSTAT3(Y705), STAT3, and VEGF in Ishikawa cells. RESULT(S) The expression of GRIM-19 was down-regulated in the eutopic endometria of patients with adenomyosis compared with the endometria of patients in the control group, and it was further reduced in the endometrial glandular epithelial cells of adenomyotic lesions. Apoptosis was reduced in the eutopic endometrium compared with the control group, and it was significantly reduced in ectopic endometrial tissues. In addition, the ectopic and eutopic endometria of patients with adenomyosis displayed a much higher microvessel density. In the eutopic and ectopic endometria of patients with adenomyosis, the expression levels of pSTAT3(Y705) and VEGF were significantly higher than in the controls. Furthermore, down-regulation of GRIM-19 in Ishikawa cells significantly promoted the activation of both pSTAT3(Y705) and its dependent gene VEGF. CONCLUSION(S) Aberrant expression of GRIM-19 may be associated with adenomyosis through the regulation of apoptosis and angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Hao M, Shu Z, Sun H, Sun R, Wang Y, Liu T, Ji D, Cong X. GRIM-19 expression is a potent prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1815-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
Zhang W, Shao Y, Du Y, Geng W, Jiang T, Liu H, Zhang D. Additive effects of eukaryotic co‑expression plasmid carrying GRIM‑19 and LKB1 genes on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7665-72. [PMID: 26458553 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene associated with retinoid‑interferon‑induced mortality 19 (GRIM‑19) and the liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene, two types of tumor suppressor gene, have been demonstrated to have important roles in breast carcinogenesis. The present study developed a dual expression plasmid that co‑expressed GRIM‑19 and LKB1, and evaluated the combined effects of the two genes against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Transfection with a plasmid for the simultaneous expression of GRIM‑19 and LKB1 (pGRIM19‑LKB1) into MCF‑7 breast cancer cells significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion compared with the effects of transfection with either pGRIM‑19 or pLKB1 alone. Furthermore, transfection with pGRIM19‑LKB1 induced enhanced levels of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 stage in MCF7 cells compared to the effects of pGRIM‑19 or pLKB1 alone. An in vivo experiment using an MCF‑7 xenograft tumor model demonstrated that intravenous injection of pGRIM19‑LKB1 had an enhanced effect on tumor growth inhibition compared to that of pGRIM‑19 or pLKB1 alone. In conclusion the findings of the present study suggested that transfection with eukaryotic plasmid for the simultaneous expression of GRIM‑19 and LKB1 more effectively suppressed the growth of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, and may therefore have therapeutic potential for the treatment of human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Cosmetology Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ye Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Geng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Cosmetology Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang XY, Li M, Sun K, Chen XJ, Meng J, Wu L, Zhang P, Tong X, Jiang WW. Decreased expression of GRIM-19 by DNA hypermethylation promotes aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 6:101-15. [PMID: 25575809 PMCID: PMC4381581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel tumor suppressor genes that are down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), genome-wide methylation profiling was performed using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) array in HNSCC and normal mucosa tissue samples. Promoter hypermethylation of the candidate gene, gene associated with retinoid-interferon induced mortality-19 (GRIM-19), was confirmed in HNSCC cell lines. Multivariate regression analysis determined that GRIM-19 hypermethylation was an independent significant factor for HNSCC diagnosis (OR:125.562; P < 0.001). HNSCC patients with lower ratio of GRIM-19/ACTB hypermethylation had increased overall and disease free survival. Furthermore, the optimal cutoff provided 90% sensitivity and 77% specificity of GRIM-19 hypermethylation as a diagnostic marker for HNSCC. Ectopic expression of GRIM-19 in HNSCC cells led to increased oxygen consumption, reduced glycolysis and decreased cell proliferation. HNSCC cells ectopically expressing GRIM-19 displayed increased p53 activity as well as decreased Stat3 and HIF-1α activities. Moreover, GRIM-19 knockdown not only resulted in decreased oxygen consumption and increased aerobic glycolysis but also promoted cell proliferation and tumorigenic capacity in HNSCC cells. Our data indicate that decreased GRIM-19 expression due to promoter hypermethylation may be important in head and neck carcinogenesis by promoting cell proliferation and regulating metabolic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Minle Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei-Wen Jiang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
ZHANG WEI, DU YE, JIANG TONG, GENG WEI, YUAN JIULI, ZHANG DUO. Upregulation of GRIM-19 inhibits the growth and invasion of human breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2919-25. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
50
|
Nallar SC, Kalvakolanu DV. Interferons, signal transduction pathways, and the central nervous system. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:559-76. [PMID: 25084173 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) family of cytokines participates in the development of innate and acquired immune defenses against various pathogens and pathogenic stimuli. Discovered originally as a proteinaceous substance secreted from virus-infected cells that afforded immunity to neighboring cells from virus infection, these cytokines are now implicated in various human pathologies, including control of tumor development, cell differentiation, and autoimmunity. It is now believed that the IFN system (IFN genes and the genes induced by them, and the factors that regulate these processes) is a generalized alarm of cellular stress, including DNA damage. IFNs exert both beneficial and deleterious effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Our knowledge of the IFN-regulated processes in the CNS is far from being clear. In this article, we reviewed the current understanding of IFN signal transduction pathways and gene products that might have potential relevance to diseases of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|