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Yu L, Chen Z, Zhou X, Teng F, Bai QR, Li L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Xu Y, Tang X, Wang X. KARS Mutations Impair Brain Myelination by Inducing Oligodendrocyte Deficiency: One Potential Mechanism and Improvement by Melatonin. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12998. [PMID: 39087379 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
It is very crucial to investigate key molecules that are involved in myelination to gain an understanding of brain development and injury. We have reported for the first time that pathogenic variants p.R477H and p.P505S in KARS, which encodes lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), cause leukoencephalopathy with progressive cognitive impairment in humans. The role and action mechanisms of KARS in brain myelination during development are unknown. Here, we first generated Kars knock-in mouse models through the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Kars knock-in mice displayed significant cognitive deficits. These mice also showed significantly reduced myelin density and content, as well as significantly decreased myelin thickness during development. In addition, Kars mutations significantly induced oligodendrocyte differentiation arrest and reduction in the brain white matter of mice. Mechanically, oligodendrocytes' significantly imbalanced expression of differentiation regulators and increased capase-3-mediated apoptosis were observed in the brain white matter of Kars knock-in mice. Furthermore, Kars mutations significantly reduced the aminoacylation and steady-state level of mitochondrial tRNALys and decreased the protein expression of subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in the brain white matter. Kars knock-in mice showed decreased activity of complex IV and significantly reduced ATP production and increased reactive oxygen species in the brain white matter. Significantly increased percentages of abnormal mitochondria and mitochondrion area were observed in the oligodendrocytes of Kars knock-in mouse brain. Finally, melatonin (a mitochondrion protectant) significantly attenuated mitochondrion and oligodendrocyte deficiency in the brain white matter of KarsR504H/P532S mice. The mice treated with melatonin also showed significantly restored myelination and cognitive function. Our study first establishes Kars knock-in mammal models of leukoencephalopathy and cognitive impairment and indicates important roles of KARS in the regulation of mitochondria, oligodendrocyte differentiation and survival, and myelination during brain development and application prospects of melatonin in KARS (or even aaRS)-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ran Bai
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery & Neurocritical Care, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Meyer-Schuman R, Cale AR, Pierluissi JA, Jonatzke KE, Park YN, Lenk GM, Oprescu SN, Grachtchouk MA, Dlugosz AA, Beg AA, Meisler MH, Antonellis A. A model organism pipeline provides insight into the clinical heterogeneity of TARS1 loss-of-function variants. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100324. [PMID: 38956874 PMCID: PMC11284558 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that complete the first step of protein translation: ligation of amino acids to cognate tRNAs. Genes encoding ARSs have been implicated in myriad dominant and recessive phenotypes, the latter often affecting multiple tissues but with frequent involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems, liver, and lungs. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS1) encodes the enzyme that ligates threonine to tRNATHR in the cytoplasm. To date, TARS1 variants have been implicated in a recessive brittle hair phenotype. To better understand TARS1-related recessive phenotypes, we engineered three TARS1 missense variants at conserved residues and studied these variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans models. This revealed two loss-of-function variants, including one hypomorphic allele (R433H). We next used R433H to study the effects of partial loss of TARS1 function in a compound heterozygous mouse model (R432H/null). This model presents with phenotypes reminiscent of patients with TARS1 variants and with distinct lung and skin defects. This study expands the potential clinical heterogeneity of TARS1-related recessive disease, which should guide future clinical and genetic evaluations of patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison R Cale
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kira E Jonatzke
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Young N Park
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Andrzej A Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asim A Beg
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Meyer-Schuman R, Cale AR, Pierluissi JA, Jonatzke KE, Park YN, Lenk GM, Oprescu SN, Grachtchouk MA, Dlugosz AA, Beg AA, Meisler MH, Antonellis A. Predictive modeling provides insight into the clinical heterogeneity associated with TARS1 loss-of-function mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586600. [PMID: 38585737 PMCID: PMC10996635 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that complete the first step of protein translation: ligation of amino acids to cognate tRNAs. Genes encoding ARSs have been implicated in myriad dominant and recessive phenotypes, the latter often affecting multiple tissues but with frequent involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system, liver, and lungs. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS1) encodes the enzyme that ligates threonine to tRNATHR in the cytoplasm. To date, TARS1 variants have been implicated in a recessive brittle hair phenotype. To better understand TARS1-related recessive phenotypes, we engineered three TARS1 missense mutations predicted to cause a loss-of-function effect and studied these variants in yeast and worm models. This revealed two loss-of-function mutations, including one hypomorphic allele (R433H). We next used R433H to study the effects of partial loss of TARS1 function in a compound heterozygous mouse model (R433H/null). This model presents with phenotypes reminiscent of patients with TARS1 variants and with distinct lung and skin defects. This study expands the potential clinical heterogeneity of TARS1-related recessive disease, which should guide future clinical and genetic evaluations of patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison R. Cale
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Kira E. Jonatzke
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Young N. Park
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guy M. Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Andrzej A. Dlugosz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asim A. Beg
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miriam H. Meisler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Khan D, Fox PL. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase interactions in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2127-2141. [PMID: 38108455 PMCID: PMC10754286 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ancient enzymes that serve a foundational role in the efficient and accurate translation of genetic information from messenger RNA to proteins. These proteins play critical, non-canonical functions in a multitude of cellular processes. Multiple viruses are known to hijack the functions of aaRSs for proviral outcomes, while cells modify antiviral responses through non-canonical functions of certain synthetases. Recent findings have revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronaviral disease 19 (COVID-19), utilizes canonical and non-canonical functions of aaRSs, establishing a complex interplay of viral proteins, cellular factors and host aaRSs. In a striking example, an unconventional multi-aaRS complex consisting of glutamyl-prolyl-, lysyl-, arginyl- and methionyl-tRNA synthetases interact with a previously unknown RNA-element in the 3'-end of SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNAs. This review aims to highlight the aaRS-SARS-CoV-2 interactions identified to date, with possible implications for the biology of host aaRSs in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Paul L. Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
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Guo M, Qiao X, Wang Y, Li ZH, Shi C, Chen Y, Kang L, Chen C, Zhou XL. Mitochondrial translational defect extends lifespan in C. elegans by activating UPR mt. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102722. [PMID: 37167879 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are indispensable players in translation. Usually, two or three genes encode cytoplasmic and mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetases (ThrRSs) in eukaryotes. Here, we reported that Caenorhabditis elegans harbors only one tars-1, generating cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ThrRSs via translational reinitiation. Mitochondrial tars-1 knockdown decreased mitochondrial tRNAThr charging and translation and caused pleotropic phenotypes of delayed development, decreased motor ability and prolonged lifespan, which could be rescued by replenishing mitochondrial tars-1. Mitochondrial tars-1 deficiency leads to compromised mitochondrial functions including the decrease in oxygen consumption rate, complex Ⅰ activity and the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which contributes to longevity. Furthermore, deficiency of other eight mitochondrial aaRSs in C. elegans and five in mammal also caused activation of the UPRmt. In summary, we deciphered the mechanism of one tars-1, generating two aaRSs, and elucidated the biochemical features and physiological function of C. elegans tars-1. We further uncovered a conserved connection between mitochondrial translation deficiency and UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zi-Han Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lu Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chang Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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6
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Zeng QY, Zhang F, Zhang JH, Hei Z, Li ZH, Huang MH, Fang P, Wang ED, Sun XJ, Zhou XL. Loss of threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like protein Tarsl2 has little impact on protein synthesis but affects mouse development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104704. [PMID: 37059185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential components for mRNA translation. Two sets of aaRSs are required for cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translation in vertebrates. Interestingly, TARSL2 is a recently evolved duplicated gene of TARS1 (encoding cytoplasmic threonyl-tRNA synthetase) and represents the only duplicated aaRS gene in vertebrates. Although TARSL2 retains the canonical aminoacylation and editing activities in vitro, whether it is a true tRNA synthetase for mRNA translation in vivo is unclear. In this study, we showed that Tars1 is an essential gene since homozygous Tars1 knockout mice were lethal. In contrast, when Tarsl2 was deleted in mice and zebrafish, neither the abundance nor the charging levels of tRNAThrs were changed, indicating that cells relied on Tars1 but not on Tarsl2 for mRNA translation. Furthermore, Tarsl2 deletion did not influence the integrity of the multiple tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), suggesting that Tarsl2 is a peripheral member of the MSC. Finally, we observed that Tarsl2-deleted mice exhibited severe developmental retardation, elevated metabolic capacity, and abnormal bone and muscle development after 3 weeks. Collectively, these data suggest that, despite its intrinsic activity, loss of Tarsl2 has little influence on protein synthesis but does affect mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031
| | - Fan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010
| | - Jian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024
| | - Zhoufei Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zi-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031
| | - Meng-Han Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031.
| | - Xiao-Jian Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200010.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024.
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Peng GX, Mao XL, Cao Y, Yao SY, Li QR, Chen X, Wang ED, Zhou XL. RNA granule-clustered mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases form multiple complexes with the potential to fine-tune tRNA aminoacylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12951-12968. [PMID: 36503967 PMCID: PMC9825176 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial RNA metabolism is suggested to occur in identified compartmentalized foci, i.e. mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs). Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mito aaRSs) catalyze tRNA charging and are key components in mitochondrial gene expression. Mutations of mito aaRSs are associated with various human disorders. However, the suborganelle distribution, interaction network and regulatory mechanism of mito aaRSs remain largely unknown. Here, we found that all mito aaRSs partly colocalize with MRG, and this colocalization is likely facilitated by tRNA-binding capacity. A fraction of human mitochondrial AlaRS (hmtAlaRS) and hmtSerRS formed a direct complex via interaction between catalytic domains in vivo. Aminoacylation activities of both hmtAlaRS and hmtSerRS were fine-tuned upon complex formation in vitro. We further established a full spectrum of interaction networks via immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry for all mito aaRSs and discovered interactions between hmtSerRS and hmtAsnRS, between hmtSerRS and hmtTyrRS and between hmtThrRS and hmtArgRS. The activity of hmtTyrRS was also influenced by the presence of hmtSerRS. Notably, hmtSerRS utilized the same catalytic domain in mediating several interactions. Altogether, our results systematically analyzed the suborganelle localization and interaction network of mito aaRSs and discovered several mito aaRS-containing complexes, deepening our understanding of the functional and regulatory mechanisms of mito aaRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yating Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shi-Ying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-Run Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- Correspondence may also be addressed to En-Duo Wang. Tel: +86 21 5492 1241; Fax: +86 21 5492 1011;
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 21 5492 1247; Fax: +86 21 5492 1011;
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Zheng T, Luo Q, Han C, Zhou J, Gong J, Chun L, Xu XZS, Liu J. Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases differentially regulate lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. iScience 2022; 25:105266. [PMID: 36304099 PMCID: PMC9593246 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing the rate of translation promotes longevity in multiple organisms, representing a conserved mechanism for lifespan extension. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the loading of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs, thereby playing an essential role in translation. Mutations in ARS genes are associated with various human diseases. However, little is known about the role of ARSs in aging, particularly whether and how these genes regulate lifespan. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we systematically characterized the role of all three types of ARS genes in lifespan regulation, including mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and cyto-mito bifunctional ARS genes. We found that, as expected, RNAi knockdown of mitochondrial ARS genes extended lifespan. Surprisingly, knocking down cytoplasmic or cyto-mito bifunctional ARS genes shortened lifespan, though such treatment reduced the rate of translation. These results reveal opposing roles of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ARSs in lifespan regulation, demonstrating that inhibiting translation may not always extend lifespan. RNAi knockdown of mitochondrial ARS genes extends lifespan via UPRmt RNAi knockdown of cytoplasmic or cyto-mito bifunctional ARS genes shortens lifespan Inhibiting translation may not always extend lifespan
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chengxuan Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiejun Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lei Chun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - X Z Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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9
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Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, a target for urgently needed M. tuberculosis drugs. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5992. [PMID: 36220877 PMCID: PMC9552147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major global cause of both mortality and financial burden mainly in low and middle-income countries. Given the significant and ongoing rise of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the clinical setting, there is an urgent need for the development of new, safe and effective treatments. Here the development of a drug-like series based on a fused dihydropyrrolidino-pyrimidine scaffold is described. The series has been developed against M. tuberculosis lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and cellular studies support this mechanism of action. DDD02049209, the lead compound, is efficacious in mouse models of acute and chronic tuberculosis and has suitable physicochemical, pharmacokinetic properties and an in vitro safety profile that supports further development. Importantly, preliminary analysis using clinical resistant strains shows no pre-existing clinical resistance towards this scaffold.
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Cantara WA, Pathirage C, Hatterschide J, Olson ED, Musier-Forsyth K. Phosphomimetic S207D Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Binds HIV-1 5'UTR in an Open Conformation and Increases RNA Dynamics. Viruses 2022; 14:1556. [PMID: 35891536 PMCID: PMC9315659 DOI: 10.3390/v14071556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and HIV-1 Gag facilitate selective packaging of the HIV-1 reverse transcription primer, tRNALys3. During HIV-1 infection, LysRS is phosphorylated at S207, released from a multi-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex and packaged into progeny virions. LysRS is critical for proper targeting of tRNALys3 to the primer-binding site (PBS) by specifically binding a PBS-adjacent tRNA-like element (TLE), which promotes release of the tRNA proximal to the PBS. However, whether LysRS phosphorylation plays a role in this process remains unknown. Here, we used a combination of binding assays, RNA chemical probing, and small-angle X-ray scattering to show that both wild-type (WT) and a phosphomimetic S207D LysRS mutant bind similarly to the HIV-1 genomic RNA (gRNA) 5'UTR via direct interactions with the TLE and stem loop 1 (SL1) and have a modest preference for binding dimeric gRNA. Unlike WT, S207D LysRS bound in an open conformation and increased the dynamics of both the PBS region and SL1. A new working model is proposed wherein a dimeric phosphorylated LysRS/tRNA complex binds to a gRNA dimer to facilitate tRNA primer release and placement onto the PBS. Future anti-viral strategies that prevent this host factor-gRNA interaction are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Cantara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chathuri Pathirage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua Hatterschide
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Erik D. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.H.); (E.D.O.)
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase: A Non-Negligible Molecule in RNA Viral Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030613. [PMID: 35337020 PMCID: PMC8955326 DOI: 10.3390/v14030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to have a huge impact on global health, and the host-virus interaction remains incompletely understood. To address the global threat, in-depth investigations in pathogenesis are essential for interventions in infectious diseases and vaccine development. Interestingly, aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs), an ancient enzyme family that was once considered to play housekeeping roles in protein synthesis, are involved in multiple viral infectious diseases. Many aaRSs in eukaryotes present as the components of a cytoplasmic depot system named the multi-synthetase complex (MSC). Upon viral infections, several components of the MSC are released and exert nonenzymatic activities. Host aaRSs can also be utilized to facilitate viral entry and replication. In addition to their intracellular roles, some aaRSs and aaRS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) are secreted as active cytokines or function as “molecule communicators” on the cell surface. The interactions between aaRSs and viruses ultimately affect host innate immune responses or facilitate virus invasion. In this review, we summarized the latest advances of the interactions between aaRSs and RNA viruses, with a particular emphasis on the therapeutic potentials of aaRSs in viral infectious diseases.
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12
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Liu M, Liang Y, Huang B, Sun J, Chen K. Report of rare and novel mutations in candidate genes in a cohort of hearing-impaired patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1887. [PMID: 35106950 PMCID: PMC9000930 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many hearing-impaired patients carry mutations in rare or novel genes undetected in regular genetic hot regions/genes screening. METHODS We collected clinical and genetic data from subjects with hearing loss who visited our department for genetic counseling. Next-generation sequencing was conducted after 154 deafness-related genes were captured using a designed genes panels in 14 unrelated families (37 participants). The results were filtered and assessed with in silico tools, in combination with pedigree mapping. RESULTS Ten mutations in regular deafness genes (GJB2, SLC26A4) and uncommon genes (OTOF, MYO7A, MYO15A, and KARS) were detected, which constituted 57.2% of yielded rate. In particular, two patients with nonsyndromic deafness carried biallelic KARS mutations. In addition, we identified an unreported digenic mutational inheritance in GRP98/USH2A genes in a proband with isolated hearing loss. Functional analyses and molecular modeling suggested the damaging consequence of these variants on encoded proteins. According to the variant pathogenicity guidelines, the 17 identified variants in total were classified as "pathogenic" or "likely pathogenic." CONCLUSION The candidate mutations in deafness genes were suggested to be co-segregated in at least 57.2% of the studied pedigrees. This is the new report of rare/novel mutations causing inherited hearing loss in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixue Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincangjian Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitian Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Lin SJ, Vona B, Barbalho PG, Kaiyrzhanov R, Maroofian R, Petree C, Severino M, Stanley V, Varshney P, Bahena P, Alzahrani F, Alhashem A, Pagnamenta AT, Aubertin G, Estrada-Veras JI, Hernández HAD, Mazaheri N, Oza A, Thies J, Renaud DL, Dugad S, McEvoy J, Sultan T, Pais LS, Tabarki B, Villalobos-Ramirez D, Rad A, Galehdari H, Ashrafzadeh F, Sahebzamani A, Saeidi K, Torti E, Elloumi HZ, Mora S, Palculict TB, Yang H, Wren JD, Ben Fowler, Joshi M, Behra M, Burgess SM, Nath SK, Hanna MG, Kenna M, Merritt JL, Houlden H, Karimiani EG, Zaki MS, Haaf T, Alkuraya FS, Gleeson JG, Varshney GK. Biallelic variants in KARS1 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and hearing loss recapitulated by the knockout zebrafish. Genet Med 2021; 23:1933-1943. [PMID: 34172899 PMCID: PMC8956360 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathogenic variants in Lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (KARS1) have increasingly been recognized as a cause of early-onset complex neurological phenotypes. To advance the timely diagnosis of KARS1-related disorders, we sought to delineate its phenotype and generate a disease model to understand its function in vivo. METHODS Through international collaboration, we identified 22 affected individuals from 16 unrelated families harboring biallelic likely pathogenic or pathogenic in KARS1 variants. Sequencing approaches ranged from disease-specific panels to genome sequencing. We generated loss-of-function alleles in zebrafish. RESULTS We identify ten new and four known biallelic missense variants in KARS1 presenting with a moderate-to-severe developmental delay, progressive neurological and neurosensory abnormalities, and variable white matter involvement. We describe novel KARS1-associated signs such as autism, hyperactive behavior, pontine hypoplasia, and cerebellar atrophy with prevalent vermian involvement. Loss of kars1 leads to upregulation of p53, tissue-specific apoptosis, and downregulation of neurodevelopmental related genes, recapitulating key tissue-specific disease phenotypes of patients. Inhibition of p53 rescued several defects of kars1-/- knockouts. CONCLUSION Our work delineates the clinical spectrum associated with KARS1 defects and provides a novel animal model for KARS1-related human diseases revealing p53 signaling components as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barbara Vona
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patricia G Barbalho
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Valentina Stanley
- Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pratishtha Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Paulina Bahena
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fatema Alzahrani
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gudrun Aubertin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Island Health, Victoria General Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Juvianee I Estrada-Veras
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Pediatric Subspecialty Genetics Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Murtha Cancer Center / Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Héctor Adrián Díaz Hernández
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neda Mazaheri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Narges Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics Laboratory, East Mihan Ave., Kianpars, Iran
| | - Andrea Oza
- Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, and Dept. of Otolaryngology, Harvard medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jenny Thies
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah L Renaud
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sanmati Dugad
- Bioinformatics Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Jennifer McEvoy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lynn S Pais
- Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brahim Tabarki
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aboulfazl Rad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Sahebzamani
- Pediatric and Genetic Counselling Center, Kerman Welfare Organization, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kolsoum Saeidi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Erin Torti
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Houda Z Elloumi
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sara Mora
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Hui Yang
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway Gaithersburg, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Wren
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ben Fowler
- Imaging core facility, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Centre, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Martine Behra
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational & Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret Kenna
- Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, and Dept. of Otolaryngology, Harvard medical School, Boston, USA
| | - J Lawrence Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace London, London, UK.,Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azdad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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14
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Human Mitochondrial RNA Processing and Modifications: Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157999. [PMID: 34360765 PMCID: PMC8348895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouses of cells, are vital organelles that are present in almost all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. They are the key energy suppliers as the site of adenosine triphosphate production, and are involved in apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and regulation of the innate immune response. Abnormalities occurring in mitochondria, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and disturbances at any stage of mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) processing and translation, usually lead to severe mitochondrial diseases. A fundamental line of investigation is to understand the processes that occur in these organelles and their physiological consequences. Despite substantial progress that has been made in the field of mtRNA processing and its regulation, many unknowns and controversies remain. The present review discusses the current state of knowledge of RNA processing in human mitochondria and sheds some light on the unresolved issues.
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15
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Parrot C, Moulinier L, Bernard F, Hashem Y, Dupuy D, Sissler M. Peculiarities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from trypanosomatids. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100913. [PMID: 34175310 PMCID: PMC8319005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites are responsible for various human diseases, such as sleeping sickness, animal trypanosomiasis, or cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases. The few available drugs to fight related parasitic infections are often toxic and present poor efficiency and specificity, and thus, finding new molecular targets is imperative. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential components of the translational machinery as they catalyze the specific attachment of an amino acid onto cognate tRNA(s). In trypanosomatids, one gene encodes both cytosolic- and mitochondrial-targeted aaRSs, with only three exceptions. We identify here a unique specific feature of aaRSs from trypanosomatids, which is that most of them harbor distinct insertion and/or extension sequences. Among the 26 identified aaRSs in the trypanosome Leishmania tarentolae, 14 contain an additional domain or a terminal extension, confirmed in mature mRNAs by direct cDNA nanopore sequencing. Moreover, these RNA-Seq data led us to address the question of aaRS dual localization and to determine splice-site locations and the 5'-UTR lengths for each mature aaRS-encoding mRNA. Altogether, our results provided evidence for at least one specific mechanism responsible for mitochondrial addressing of some L. tarentolae aaRSs. We propose that these newly identified features of trypanosomatid aaRSs could be developed as relevant drug targets to combat the diseases caused by these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Parrot
- ARNA - UMR5320 CNRS - U1212 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Luc Moulinier
- CSTB Complex Systems and Translational Bioinformatics, ICube laboratory and Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (FMTS), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Bernard
- ARNA - UMR5320 CNRS - U1212 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Yaser Hashem
- ARNA - UMR5320 CNRS - U1212 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Denis Dupuy
- ARNA - UMR5320 CNRS - U1212 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Marie Sissler
- ARNA - UMR5320 CNRS - U1212 INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, IECB, Pessac, France.
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16
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Figuccia S, Degiorgi A, Ceccatelli Berti C, Baruffini E, Dallabona C, Goffrini P. Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase and Disease: The Yeast Contribution for Functional Analysis of Novel Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094524. [PMID: 33926074 PMCID: PMC8123711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, mitochondrial protein synthesis is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as some subunits of the respiratory chain complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations affecting the mitochondrial translation apparatus have been identified as a major cause of mitochondrial diseases. These mutations include either heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations in genes encoding for the mitochondrial rRNA (mtrRNA) and tRNAs (mttRNAs) or mutations in nuclear genes encoding ribosomal proteins, initiation, elongation and termination factors, tRNA-modifying enzymes, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs). Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the attachment of specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Differently from most mttRNAs, which are encoded by mitochondrial genome, mtARSs are encoded by nuclear genes and then imported into the mitochondria after translation in the cytosol. Due to the extensive use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), an increasing number of mtARSs variants associated with large clinical heterogeneity have been identified in recent years. Being most of these variants private or sporadic, it is crucial to assess their causative role in the disease by functional analysis in model systems. This review will focus on the contributions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the functional validation of mutations found in mtARSs genes associated with human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Dallabona
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
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17
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tRNA-Dependent Import of a Transit Sequence-Less Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase (LeuRS2) into the Mitochondria of Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083808. [PMID: 33916944 PMCID: PMC8067559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRS) charge tRNAs with amino acids for protein translation. In plants, cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and chloroplast AaRS exist that are all coded for by nuclear genes and must be imported from the cytosol. In addition, only a few of the mitochondrial tRNAs needed for translation are encoded in mitochondrial DNA. Despite considerable progress made over the last few years, still little is known how the bulk of cytosolic AaRS and respective tRNAs are transported into mitochondria. Here, we report the identification of a protein complex that ties AaRS and tRNA import into the mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana. Using leucyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (LeuRS2) as a model for a mitochondrial signal peptide (MSP)-less precursor, a ≈30 kDa protein was identified that interacts with LeuRS2 during import. The protein identified is identical with a previously characterized mitochondrial protein designated HP30-2 (encoded by At3g49560) that contains a sterile alpha motif (SAM) similar to that found in RNA binding proteins. HP30-2 is part of a larger protein complex that contains with TIM22, TIM8, TIM9 and TIM10 four previously identified components of the translocase for MSP-less precursors. Lack of HP30-2 perturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and function and caused seedling lethality during greening, suggesting an essential role of HP30-2 in planta.
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18
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Structural analyses of a human lysyl-tRNA synthetase mutant associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 554:83-88. [PMID: 33784510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs and therefore play an essential role in protein biosynthesis in all living cells. The KARS gene in human encodes both cytosolic and mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS). A recent study identified a missense mutation in KARS gene (c.517T > C) that caused autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss. This mutation led to a tyrosine to histidine (YH) substitution in both cytosolic and mitochondrial LysRS proteins, and decreased their aminoacylation activity to different levels. Here, we report the crystal structure of LysRS YH mutant at a resolution of 2.5 Å. We found that the mutation did not interfere with the active center, nor did it cause any significant conformational changes in the protein. The loops involved in tetramer interface and tRNA anticodon binding site showed relatively bigger variations between the mutant and wild type proteins. Considering the differences between the cytosolic and mitochondrial tRNAlyss, we suggest that the mutation triggered subtle changes in the tRNA anticodon binding region, and the interferences were further amplified by the different D and T loops in mitochondrial tRNAlys, and led to a complete loss of the aminoacylation of mitochondrial tRNAlys.
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19
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Li G, Eriani G, Wang ED, Zhou XL. Distinct pathogenic mechanisms of various RARS1 mutations in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1645-1660. [PMID: 33515434 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the genes encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are highly associated with various central nervous system disorders. Recurrent mutations, including c.5A>G, p.D2G; c.1367C>T, p.S456L; c.1535G>A, p.R512Q and c.1846_1847del, p. Y616Lfs*6 of RARS1 gene, which encodes two forms of human cytoplasmic arginyl-tRNA synthetase (hArgRS), are linked to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease (PMLD) with unclear pathogenesis. Among these mutations, c.5A>G is the most extensively reported mutation, leading to a p.D2G mutation in the N-terminal extension of the long-form hArgRS. Here, we showed the detrimental effects of R512Q substitution and ΔC mutations on the structure and function of hArgRS, while the most frequent mutation c.5A>G, p.D2G acted in a different manner without impairing hArgRS activity. The nucleotide substitution c.5A>G reduced translation of hArgRS mRNA, and an upstream open reading frame contributed to the suppressed translation of the downstream main ORF. Taken together, our results elucidated distinct pathogenic mechanisms of various RARS1 mutations in PMLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Gilbert Eriani
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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20
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Peluso F, Palazzo V, Indolfi G, Mari F, Pasqualetti R, Procopio E, Nesti C, Guerrini R, Santorelli F, Giglio S. Leopard-like retinopathy and severe early-onset portal hypertension expand the phenotype of KARS1-related syndrome: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:25. [PMID: 33478492 PMCID: PMC7818779 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00863-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KARS1), an enzyme that charges tRNA with the amino acid lysine in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria, have been associated thus far with autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type CMTRIB, hearing loss type DFNB89, and mitochondrial encephalohepatopathy (MEH) featuring neurodevelopmental disorders with microcephaly, white matter changes, and cardiac and hepatic failure in less than 30 patients. CASE PRESENTATION We report the clinical, biochemical and molecular findings of a 14-month-old girl with severe MEH compatible clinical features, profound sensorineural hearing loss, leopard spot retinopathy, pancytopenia, and advanced liver disease with portal hypertension leading to death at the age of 30 months. CONCLUSIONS Whole exome sequencing identified two rare variants in KARS1 gene. Our report expands the allelic and clinical features of tRNA synthase disorders. Moreover, with our report we confirm the usefulness of WES as first tier diagnostic method in infants with complex multisystem phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Palazzo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Indolfi
- Paediatric and Liver Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Paediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Pasqualetti
- Paediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Procopio
- Metabolic and Muscular Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Nesti
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Paediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Giglio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
- Sabrina Giglio MD, PhD Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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21
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Mutation in KARS: A novel mechanism for severe anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:1855-1864.e9. [PMID: 33385443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be lethal if not treated adequately. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the severity are mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE This study is based on a clinical case of a patient with extremely severe anaphylaxis to paper wasp venom. This patient has a mutation in the KARS gene, which encodes lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), a moonlight protein with a canonical function in protein synthesis and a noncanonical function in antigen dependent-FcεRI activation in mast cells. In this study, the objective was to characterize the mutation at the molecular level. METHODS Analysis of the KARS mutation was carried out using biochemical and functional approaches, cell transfection, Western blot, confocal microscopy, cell degranulation, prostaglandin D2 secretion, and proteases gene transcription. Structural analysis using molecular dynamics simulations and well-tempered metadynamics was also performed. RESULTS The mutation found, P542R (proline was replaced by arginine at aminoacid 542), affects the location of the protein as we show in biochemical and structural analyses. The mutation resembles active LysRS and causes a constitutive activation of the microphthalmia transcription factor, which is involved in critical mast cell functions such as synthesis of mediators and granule biogenesis. Moreover, the structural analysis provides insights into how LysRS works in mast cell activation. CONCLUSIONS A link between the aberrant LysRS-P542R function and mast cell-exacerbated activation with increase in proinflammatory mediator release after antigen-IgE-dependent response could be established.
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22
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Vargas A, Rojas J, Aivasovsky I, Vergara S, Castellanos M, Prieto C, Celis L. Progressive Early-Onset Leukodystrophy Related to Biallelic Variants in the KARS Gene: The First Case Described in Latin America. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121437. [PMID: 33260297 PMCID: PMC7759888 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The KARS gene encodes the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS), which activates and joins the lysin with its corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA) through the ATP-dependent aminoacylation of the amino acid. KARS gene mutations have been linked to diverse neurologic phenotypes, such as neurosensorial hearing loss, leukodystrophy, microcephaly, developmental delay or regression, peripheral neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, the impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and hyperlactatemia, among others. This article presents the case of a Colombian pediatric patient with two pathological missense variants in a compound heterozygous state in the KARS gene and, in addition to the case report, the paper reviews the literature for other cases of KARS1-associated leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vargas
- Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía 250001, Colombia
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (I.A.); Tel.: +1-647-238-4827 (A.V.); +57-304-342-1616 (I.A.)
| | - Jorge Rojas
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cra 7a N° 40 B-36, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Ivan Aivasovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía 250001, Colombia; (S.V.); (M.C.); (C.P.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (I.A.); Tel.: +1-647-238-4827 (A.V.); +57-304-342-1616 (I.A.)
| | - Sergio Vergara
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía 250001, Colombia; (S.V.); (M.C.); (C.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Marianna Castellanos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía 250001, Colombia; (S.V.); (M.C.); (C.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Carolina Prieto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía 250001, Colombia; (S.V.); (M.C.); (C.P.); (L.C.)
| | - Luis Celis
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Km 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía 250001, Colombia; (S.V.); (M.C.); (C.P.); (L.C.)
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23
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Phongsavanh X, Al-Qatabi N, Shaban MS, Khoder-Agha F, El Asri M, Comisso M, Guérois R, Mirande M. How HIV-1 Integrase Associates with Human Mitochondrial Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101202. [PMID: 33096929 PMCID: PMC7589778 DOI: 10.3390/v12101202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires the packaging of tRNALys,3 from the host cell into the new viral particles. The GagPol viral polyprotein precursor associates with mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase (mLysRS) in a complex with tRNALys, an essential step to initiate reverse transcription in the virions. The C-terminal integrase moiety of GagPol is essential for its association with mLysRS. We show that integrases from HIV-1 and HIV-2 bind mLysRS with the same efficiency. In this work, we have undertaken to probe the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the complex of integrase with mLysRS. We first established that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of integrase is the major interacting domain with mLysRS. Using the pBpa-photo crosslinking approach, inter-protein cross-links were observed involving amino acid residues located at the surface of the catalytic domain of mLysRS and of the CTD of integrase. In parallel, using molecular docking simulation, a single structural model of complex was found to outscore other alternative conformations. Consistent with crosslinking experiments, this structural model was further probed experimentally. Five compensatory mutations in the two partners were successfully designed which supports the validity of the model. The complex highlights that binding of integrase could stabilize the tRNALys:mLysRS interaction.
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24
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Garin S, Levi O, Cohen B, Golani-Armon A, Arava YS. Localization and RNA Binding of Mitochondrial Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101185. [PMID: 33053729 PMCID: PMC7600831 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria contain a complete translation machinery that is used to translate its internally transcribed mRNAs. This machinery uses a distinct set of tRNAs that are charged with cognate amino acids inside the organelle. Interestingly, charging is executed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) that are encoded by the nuclear genome, translated in the cytosol, and need to be imported into the mitochondria. Here, we review import mechanisms of these enzymes with emphasis on those that are localized to both mitochondria and cytosol. Furthermore, we describe RNA recognition features of these enzymes and their interaction with tRNA and non-tRNA molecules. The dual localization of mitochondria-destined aaRSs and their association with various RNA types impose diverse impacts on cellular physiology. Yet, the breadth and significance of these functions are not fully resolved. We highlight here possibilities for future explorations.
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25
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Karakaidos P, Rampias T. Mitonuclear Interactions in the Maintenance of Mitochondrial Integrity. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090173. [PMID: 32878185 PMCID: PMC7555762 DOI: 10.3390/life10090173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria originated in an α-proteobacterial endosymbiont. Although these organelles harbor their own genome, the large majority of genes, originally encoded in the endosymbiont, were either lost or transferred to the nucleus. As a consequence, mitochondria have become semi-autonomous and most of their processes require the import of nuclear-encoded components to be functional. Therefore, the mitochondrial-specific translation has evolved to be coordinated by mitonuclear interactions to respond to the energetic demands of the cell, acquiring unique and mosaic features. However, mitochondrial-DNA-encoded genes are essential for the assembly of the respiratory chain complexes. Impaired mitochondrial function due to oxidative damage and mutations has been associated with numerous human pathologies, the aging process, and cancer. In this review, we highlight the unique features of mitochondrial protein synthesis and provide a comprehensive insight into the mitonuclear crosstalk and its co-evolution, as well as the vulnerabilities of the animal mitochondrial genome.
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26
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Zhou JB, Wang Y, Zeng QY, Meng SX, Wang ED, Zhou XL. Molecular basis for t6A modification in human mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3181-3194. [PMID: 32047918 PMCID: PMC7102964 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-Threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) is a universal tRNA modification essential for translational accuracy and fidelity. In human mitochondria, YrdC synthesises an l-threonylcarbamoyl adenylate (TC-AMP) intermediate, and OSGEPL1 transfers the TC-moiety to five tRNAs, including human mitochondrial tRNAThr (hmtRNAThr). Mutation of hmtRNAs, YrdC and OSGEPL1, affecting efficient t6A modification, has been implicated in various human diseases. However, little is known about the tRNA recognition mechanism in t6A formation in human mitochondria. Herein, we showed that OSGEPL1 is a monomer and is unique in utilising C34 as an anti-determinant by studying the contributions of individual bases in the anticodon loop of hmtRNAThr to t6A modification. OSGEPL1 activity was greatly enhanced by introducing G38A in hmtRNAIle or the A28:U42 base pair in a chimeric tRNA containing the anticodon stem of hmtRNASer(AGY), suggesting that sequences of specific hmtRNAs are fine-tuned for different modification levels. Moreover, using purified OSGEPL1, we identified multiple acetylation sites, and OSGEPL1 activity was readily affected by acetylation via multiple mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we systematically elucidated the nucleotide requirement in the anticodon loop of hmtRNAs, and revealed mechanisms involving tRNA sequence optimisation and post-translational protein modification that determine t6A modification levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shi-Xin Meng
- Biology Department, College of Science, Purdue University, 150 N. University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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27
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Felhi R, Charif M, Sfaihi L, Mkaouar-Rebai E, Desquiret-Dumas V, Kallel R, Bris C, Goudenège D, Guichet A, Bonneau D, Procaccio V, Reynier P, Amati-Bonneau P, Hachicha M, Fakhfakh F, Lenaers G. Mutations in aARS genes revealed by targeted next-generation sequencing in patients with mitochondrial diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3779-3787. [PMID: 32319008 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a clinically heterogeneous group of multisystemic disorders that arise as a result of various mitochondrial dysfunctions. Autosomal recessive aARS deficiencies represent a rapidly growing group of severe rare inherited mitochondrial diseases, involving multiple organs, and currently without curative option. They might be related to defects of mitochondrial aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases (mtARS) that are ubiquitous enzymes involved in mitochondrial aminoacylation and the translation process. Here, using NGS analysis of 281 nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, we identified 4 variants in different mtARS in three patients from unrelated Tunisian families, with clinical features of mitochondrial disorders. Two homozygous variants were found in KARS (c.683C>T) and AARS2 (c.1150-4C>G), respectively in two patients, while two heterozygous variants in EARS2 (c.486-7C>G) and DARS2 (c.1456C>T) were concomitantly found in the third patient. Bio-informatics investigations predicted their pathogenicity and deleterious effects on pre-mRNA splicing and on protein stability. Thus, our results suggest that mtARS mutations are common in Tunisian patients with mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Felhi
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, Km 3, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Majida Charif
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Genetics and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Lamia Sfaihi
- Departments of Pediatry, University Hospital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Mkaouar-Rebai
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, Km 3, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Valerie Desquiret-Dumas
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Rim Kallel
- Departments of Pathology, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Céline Bris
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - David Goudenège
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Agnès Guichet
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Genetics, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - Mongia Hachicha
- Departments of Pediatry, University Hospital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Molecular and Functional Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, Km 3, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab Team, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, Angers, France
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28
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Warren JM, Sloan DB. Interchangeable parts: The evolutionarily dynamic tRNA population in plant mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:144-156. [PMID: 32184120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) remain one of the very few classes of genes still encoded in the mitochondrial genome. These key components of the protein translation system must interact with a large enzymatic network of nuclear-encoded gene products to maintain mitochondrial function. Plants have an evolutionarily dynamic mitochondrial tRNA population, including ongoing tRNA gene loss and replacement by both horizontal gene transfer from diverse sources and import of nuclear-expressed tRNAs from the cytosol. Thus, plant mitochondria represent an excellent model for understanding how anciently divergent genes can act as "interchangeable parts" during the evolution of complex molecular systems. In particular, understanding the integration of the mitochondrial translation system with elements of the corresponding machinery used in cytosolic protein synthesis is a key area for eukaryotic cellular evolution. Here, we review the increasingly detailed phylogenetic data about the evolutionary history of mitochondrial tRNA gene loss, transfer, and functional replacement that has created extreme variation in mitochondrial tRNA populations across plant species. We describe emerging tRNA-seq methods with promise for refining our understanding of the expression and subcellular localization of tRNAs. Finally, we summarize current evidence and identify open questions related to coevolutionary changes in nuclear-encoded enzymes that have accompanied turnover in mitochondrial tRNA populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Warren
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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29
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Wang Y, Zhou JB, Zeng QY, Wu S, Xue MQ, Fang P, Wang ED, Zhou XL. Hearing impairment-associated KARS mutations lead to defects in aminoacylation of both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNA Lys. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1227-1239. [PMID: 32189241 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes, synthesizing aminoacyl-tRNAs for protein synthesis. Functional defects of aaRSs frequently cause various human disorders. Human KARS encodes both cytosolic and mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetases (LysRSs). Previously, two mutations (c.1129G>A and c.517T>C) were identified that led to hearing impairment; however, the underlying biochemical mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we found that the two mutations have no impact on the incorporation of LysRS into the multiple-synthetase complex in the cytosol, but affect the cytosolic LysRS level, its tertiary structure, and cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation in vitro. As for mitochondrial translation, the two mutations have little effect on the steady-state level, mitochondrial targeting, and tRNA binding affinity of mitochondrial LysRS. However, they exhibit striking differences in charging mitochondrial tRNALys, with the c.517T>C mutant being completely deficient in vitro and in vivo. We constructed two yeast genetic models, which are powerful tools to test the in vivo aminoacylation activity of KARS mutations at both the cytosolic and mitochondrial levels. Overall, our data provided biochemical insights into the potentially molecular pathological mechanism of KARS c.1129G>A and c.517T>C mutations and provided yeast genetic bases to investigate other KARS mutations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mei-Qin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - En-Duo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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30
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Human diseases linked to cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. BIOLOGY OF AMINOACYL-TRNA SYNTHETASES 2020; 48:277-319. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Kuo ME, Antonellis A. Ubiquitously Expressed Proteins and Restricted Phenotypes: Exploring Cell-Specific Sensitivities to Impaired tRNA Charging. Trends Genet 2019; 36:105-117. [PMID: 31839378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS) are ubiquitously expressed, essential enzymes that charge tRNA with cognate amino acids. Variants in genes encoding ARS enzymes lead to myriad human inherited diseases. First, missense alleles cause dominant peripheral neuropathy. Second, missense, nonsense, and frameshift alleles cause recessive multisystem disorders that differentially affect tissues depending on which ARS is mutated. A preponderance of evidence has shown that both phenotypic classes are associated with loss-of-function alleles, suggesting that tRNA charging plays a central role in disease pathogenesis. However, it is currently unclear how perturbation in the function of these ubiquitously expressed enzymes leads to tissue-specific or tissue-predominant phenotypes. Here, we review our current understanding of ARS-associated disease phenotypes and discuss potential explanations for the observed tissue specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Kuo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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32
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Scheidecker S, Bär S, Stoetzel C, Geoffroy V, Lannes B, Rinaldi B, Fischer F, Becker HD, Pelletier V, Pagan C, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Kremer S, Mirande M, Tranchant C, Muller J, Friant S, Dollfus H. Mutations in KARS cause a severe neurological and neurosensory disease with optic neuropathy. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1826-1840. [PMID: 31116475 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been reported in several neurological disorders. KARS is a dual localized lysyl-tRNA synthetase and its cytosolic isoform belongs to the multiple aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). Biallelic mutations in the KARS gene were described in a wide phenotypic spectrum ranging from nonsyndromic deafness to complex impairments. Here, we report on a patient with severe neurological and neurosensory disease investigated by whole-exome sequencing and found to carry biallelic mutations c.683C>T (p.Pro228Leu) and c.871T>G (p.Phe291Val), the second one being novel, in the KARS gene. The patient presented with an atypical clinical presentation with an optic neuropathy not previously reported. At the cellular level, we show that cytoplasmic KARS was expressed at a lower level in patient cells and displayed decreased interaction with MSC. In vitro, these two KARS variants have a decreased aminoacylation activity compared with wild-type KARS, the p.Pro228Leu being the most affected. Our data suggest that dysfunction of cytoplasmic KARS resulted in a decreased level of translation of the nuclear-encoded lysine-rich proteins belonging to the respiratory chain complex, thus impairing mitochondria functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Scheidecker
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Séverine Bär
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Béatrice Lannes
- Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Rinaldi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Fischer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hubert D Becker
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), UMR7156, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Pelletier
- Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cécile Pagan
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Kremer
- Service de Neuroradiologie/Imagerie 2, CHU de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Mirande
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Service de Neurologie Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Friant
- Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM U1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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González-Serrano LE, Chihade JW, Sissler M. When a common biological role does not imply common disease outcomes: Disparate pathology linked to human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5309-5320. [PMID: 30647134 PMCID: PMC6462531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) are essential components of the mitochondrial translation machinery. The correlation of mitochondrial disorders with mutations in these enzymes has raised the interest of the scientific community over the past several years. Most surprising has been the wide-ranging presentation of clinical manifestations in patients with mt-aaRS mutations, despite the enzymes' common biochemical role. Even among cases where a common physiological system is affected, phenotypes, severity, and age of onset varies depending on which mt-aaRS is mutated. Here, we review work done thus far and propose a categorization of diseases based on tissue specificity that highlights emerging patterns. We further discuss multiple in vitro and in cellulo efforts to characterize the behavior of WT and mutant mt-aaRSs that have shaped hypotheses about the molecular causes of these pathologies. Much remains to do in order to complete our understanding of these proteins. We expect that futher work is likely to result in the discovery of new roles for the mt-aaRSs in addition to their fundamental function in mitochondrial translation, informing the development of treatment strategies and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Elena González-Serrano
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Joseph W Chihade
- the Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057
| | - Marie Sissler
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France and
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Uittenbogaard M, Wang H, Zhang VW, Wong LJ, Brantner CA, Gropman A, Chiaramello A. The nuclear background influences the penetrance of the near-homoplasmic m.1630 A > G MELAS variant in a symptomatic proband and asymptomatic mother. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:429-438. [PMID: 30709774 PMCID: PMC6773428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the metabolic consequences of the m.1630 A > G variant in fibroblasts from the symptomatic proband affected with the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episode Syndrome and her asymptomatic mother. By long-range PCR followed by massively parallel sequencing of the mitochondrial genome, we accurately measured heteroplasmy in fibroblasts from the proband (89.6%) and her mother (94.8%). Using complementary experimental approaches, we show a functional correlation between manifestation of clinical symptoms and bioenergetic potential. Our mitochondrial morphometric analysis reveals a link between defects of mitochondrial cristae ultrastructure and symptomatic status. Despite near-homoplasmic level of the m.1630A > G variant, the mother's fibroblasts have a normal OXPHOS metabolism, which stands in contrast to the severely impaired OXPHOS response of the proband's fibroblasts. The proband's fibroblasts also exhibit glycolysis at near constitutive levels resulting in a stunted compensatory glycolytic response to offset the severe OXPHOS defect. Whole exome sequencing reveals the presence of a heterozygous nonsense VARS2 variant (p.R334X) exclusively in the proband, which removes two thirds of the VARS2 protein containing key domains interacting with the mt-tRNAval and may play a role in modulating the penetrance of the m.1630A > G variant despite similar near homoplasmic levels. Our transmission electron microscopy study also shows unexpected ultrastructural changes of chromatin suggestive of differential epigenomic regulation between the proband and her mother that may explain the differential OXPHOS response between the proband and her mother. Future study will decipher by which molecular mechanisms the nuclear background influences the penetrance of the m.1630 A > G variant causing MELAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victor Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; AmCare Genomics Laboratory, GuangZhou 510300, China
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Andrea Gropman
- Children's National Medical Center, Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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35
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Sun C, Song J, Jiang Y, Zhao C, Lu J, Li Y, Wang Y, Gao M, Xi J, Luo S, Li M, Donaldson K, Oprescu SN, Slavin TP, Lee S, Magoulas PL, Lewis AM, Emrick L, Lalani SR, Niu Z, Landsverk ML, Walkiewicz M, Person RE, Mei H, Rosenfeld JA, Yang Y, Antonellis A, Hou YM, Lin J, Zhang VW. Loss-of-function mutations in Lysyl-tRNA synthetase cause various leukoencephalopathy phenotypes. Neurol Genet 2019; 5:e565. [PMID: 31192300 PMCID: PMC6515944 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To expand the clinical spectrum of lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KARS) gene-related diseases, which so far includes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, congenital visual impairment and microcephaly, and nonsyndromic hearing impairment. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on index patients from 4 unrelated families with leukoencephalopathy. Candidate pathogenic variants and their cosegregation were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Effects of mutations on KARS protein function were examined by aminoacylation assays and yeast complementation assays. RESULTS Common clinical features of the patients in this study included impaired cognitive ability, seizure, hypotonia, ataxia, and abnormal brain imaging, suggesting that the CNS involvement is the main clinical presentation. Six previously unreported and 1 known KARS mutations were identified and cosegregated in these families. Two patients are compound heterozygous for missense mutations, 1 patient is homozygous for a missense mutation, and 1 patient harbored an insertion mutation and a missense mutation. Functional and structural analyses revealed that these mutations impair aminoacylation activity of lysyl-tRNA synthetase, indicating that defective KARS function is responsible for the phenotypes in these individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that patients with loss-of-function KARS mutations can manifest CNS disorders, thus broadening the phenotypic spectrum associated with KARS-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Sun
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshi Gao
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Xi
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Li
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Kevin Donaldson
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie N Oprescu
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas P Slavin
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sansan Lee
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Pilar L Magoulas
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrea M Lewis
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisa Emrick
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Megan L Landsverk
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Magdalena Walkiewicz
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard E Person
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Mei
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ming Hou
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
| | - Victor W Zhang
- Department of Neurology (C.S., J.S., C.Z., J. Lu, J.X., S. Luo, J. Lin), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Baylor Genetic Laboratories (Y.J., Z.N., M.L.L., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., Y.Y.), Houston, TX; Department of Radiology (Y.L.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Department of Pathology (Y.W., M.G.), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (M.L., K.D., Y.-M.H.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Genetics (S.N.O., A.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI; Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research (T.P.S.), Division of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (P.L.M., A.L.M., L.E., S.R.L., Z.N., M.L.L., J.A.R., M.W., R.E.P., H.M., J.A.R., Y.Y., V.W.Z.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and AmCare Genomics Lab (V.W.Z.), Guangzhou, China
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Rebelo-Guiomar P, Powell CA, Van Haute L, Minczuk M. The mammalian mitochondrial epitranscriptome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:429-446. [PMID: 30529456 PMCID: PMC6414753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Correct expression of the mitochondrially-encoded genes is critical for the production of the components of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. Post-transcriptional modifications of mitochondrial transcripts have been emerging as an important regulatory feature of mitochondrial gene expression. Here we review the current knowledge on how the mammalian mitochondrial epitranscriptome participates in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. In particular, we focus on the latest breakthroughs made towards understanding the roles of the modified nucleotides in mitochondrially-encoded ribosomal and transfer RNAs, the enzymes responsible for introducing these modifications and on recent transcriptome-wide studies reporting modifications to mitochondrial messenger RNAs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: mRNA modifications in gene expression control edited by Dr. Matthias Soller and Dr. Rupert Fray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rebelo-Guiomar
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Lindsey Van Haute
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michal Minczuk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Jin D, Musier-Forsyth K. Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5352-5364. [PMID: 30700559 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lifecycle of retroviruses and retrotransposons includes a reverse transcription step, wherein dsDNA is synthesized from genomic RNA for subsequent insertion into the host genome. Retroviruses and retrotransposons commonly appropriate major components of the host cell translational machinery, including cellular tRNAs, which are exploited as reverse transcription primers. Nonpriming functions of tRNAs have also been proposed, such as in HIV-1 virion assembly, and tRNA-derived fragments may also be involved in retrovirus and retrotransposon replication. Moreover, host cellular proteins regulate retroviral replication by binding to tRNAs and thereby affecting various steps in the viral lifecycle. For example, in some cases, tRNA primer selection is facilitated by cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), which bind tRNAs and ligate them to their corresponding amino acids, but also have many known nontranslational functions. Multi-omic studies have revealed that ARSs interact with both viral proteins and RNAs and potentially regulate retroviral replication. Here, we review the currently known roles of tRNAs and their derivatives in retroviral and retrotransposon replication and shed light on the roles of tRNA-binding proteins such as ARSs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Jin
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retrovirus Research, and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retrovirus Research, and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Wei N, Zhang Q, Yang XL. Neurodegenerative Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease as a case study to decipher novel functions of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5321-5339. [PMID: 30643024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the first reaction in protein biosynthesis, namely the charging of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) with their cognate amino acids. aaRSs have been increasingly implicated in dominantly and recessively inherited human diseases. The most common aaRS-associated monogenic disorder is the incurable neurodegenerative disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT), caused by dominant mono-allelic mutations in aaRSs. With six currently known members (GlyRS, TyrRS, AlaRS, HisRS, TrpRS, and MetRS), aaRSs represent the largest protein family implicated in CMT etiology. After the initial discovery linking aaRSs to CMT, the field has progressed from understanding whether impaired tRNA charging is a critical component of this disease to elucidating the specific pathways affected by CMT-causing mutations in aaRSs. Although many aaRS CMT mutants result in loss of tRNA aminoacylation function, animal genetics studies demonstrated that dominant mutations in GlyRS cause CMT through toxic gain-of-function effects, which also may apply to other aaRS-linked CMT subtypes. The CMT-causing mechanism is likely to be multifactorial and involves multiple cellular compartments, including the nucleus and the extracellular space, where the normal WT enzymes also appear. Thus, the association of aaRSs with neuropathy is relevant to discoveries indicating that aaRSs also have nonenzymatic regulatory functions that coordinate protein synthesis with other biological processes. Through genetic, functional, and structural analyses, commonalities among different mutations and different aaRS-linked CMT subtypes have begun to emerge, providing insights into the nonenzymatic functions of aaRSs and the pathogenesis of aaRS-linked CMT to guide therapeutic development to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Qian Zhang
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- From the Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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39
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Friederich MW, Timal S, Powell CA, Dallabona C, Kurolap A, Palacios-Zambrano S, Bratkovic D, Derks TGJ, Bick D, Bouman K, Chatfield KC, Damouny-Naoum N, Dishop MK, Falik-Zaccai TC, Fares F, Fedida A, Ferrero I, Gallagher RC, Garesse R, Gilberti M, González C, Gowan K, Habib C, Halligan RK, Kalfon L, Knight K, Lefeber D, Mamblona L, Mandel H, Mory A, Ottoson J, Paperna T, Pruijn GJM, Rebelo-Guiomar PF, Saada A, Sainz B, Salvemini H, Schoots MH, Smeitink JA, Szukszto MJ, Ter Horst HJ, van den Brandt F, van Spronsen FJ, Veltman JA, Wartchow E, Wintjes LT, Zohar Y, Fernández-Moreno MA, Baris HN, Donnini C, Minczuk M, Rodenburg RJ, Van Hove JLK. Pathogenic variants in glutamyl-tRNA Gln amidotransferase subunits cause a lethal mitochondrial cardiomyopathy disorder. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4065. [PMID: 30283131 PMCID: PMC6170436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein synthesis requires charging a mitochondrial tRNA with its amino acid. Here, the authors describe pathogenic variants in the GatCAB protein complex genes required for the generation of glutaminyl-mt-tRNAGln, that impairs mitochondrial translation and presents with cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial protein synthesis requires charging mt-tRNAs with their cognate amino acids by mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, with the exception of glutaminyl mt-tRNA (mt-tRNAGln). mt-tRNAGln is indirectly charged by a transamidation reaction involving the GatCAB aminoacyl-tRNA amidotransferase complex. Defects involving the mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery cause a broad spectrum of disorders, with often fatal outcome. Here, we describe nine patients from five families with genetic defects in a GatCAB complex subunit, including QRSL1, GATB, and GATC, each showing a lethal metabolic cardiomyopathy syndrome. Functional studies reveal combined respiratory chain enzyme deficiencies and mitochondrial dysfunction. Aminoacylation of mt-tRNAGln and mitochondrial protein translation are deficient in patients’ fibroblasts cultured in the absence of glutamine but restore in high glutamine. Lentiviral rescue experiments and modeling in S. cerevisiae homologs confirm pathogenicity. Our study completes a decade of investigations on mitochondrial aminoacylation disorders, starting with DARS2 and ending with the GatCAB complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa W Friederich
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Sharita Timal
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A Powell
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Alina Kurolap
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Sara Palacios-Zambrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- SA Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - David Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Katelijne Bouman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nadine Damouny-Naoum
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Megan K Dishop
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Fuad Fares
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Ayalla Fedida
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel
| | - Ileana Ferrero
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Renata C Gallagher
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Rafael Garesse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Micol Gilberti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Cristina González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Katherine Gowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Clair Habib
- Department of Pediatrics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, 3339419, Israel
| | - Rebecca K Halligan
- SA Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Limor Kalfon
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel
| | - Kaz Knight
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Dirk Lefeber
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mamblona
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Hanna Mandel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, 22100, Israel.,Metabolic Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Adi Mory
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - John Ottoson
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Tamar Paperna
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Ger J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro F Rebelo-Guiomar
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Ann Saada
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research and the Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Hayley Salvemini
- SA Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital Adelaide, Adelaide, 5006, Australia
| | - Mirthe H Schoots
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Smeitink
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Maciej J Szukszto
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik J Ter Horst
- Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Frans van den Brandt
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Francjan J van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA
| | - Liesbeth T Wintjes
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- Institute of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, 3109601, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miguel A Fernández-Moreno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER). Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, 28041, Spain
| | - Hagit N Baris
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 3109601, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3109601, Israel
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Michal Minczuk
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, 80045, CO, USA.
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Ruzzenente B, Assouline Z, Barcia G, Rio M, Boddaert N, Munnich A, Rötig A, Metodiev MD. Inhibition of mitochondrial translation in fibroblasts from a patient expressing the KARS p.(Pro228Leu) variant and presenting with sensorineural deafness, developmental delay, and lactic acidosis. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:2047-2059. [PMID: 30252186 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are ubiquitous enzymes, which universally charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids for use in cytosolic or organellar translation. In humans, mutations in mitochondrial tRNA synthetases have been linked to different tissue-specific pathologies. Mutations in the KARS gene, which encodes both the cytosolic and mitochondrial isoform of lysyl-tRNA synthetase, cause predominantly neurological diseases that often involve deafness, but have also been linked to cardiomyopathy, developmental delay, and lactic acidosis. Using whole exome sequencing, we identified two compound heterozygous mutations, NM_001130089.1:c.683C>T p.(Pro228Leu) and NM_001130089.1:c.1438del p.(Leu480TrpfsX3), in a patient presenting with sensorineural deafness, developmental delay, hypotonia, and lactic acidosis. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay eliminated the truncated mRNA transcript, rendering the patient hemizygous for the missense mutation. The c.683C>T mutation was previously described, but its pathogenicity remained unexamined. Molecular characterization of patient fibroblasts revealed a multiple oxidative phosphorylation deficiency due to impaired mitochondrial translation, but no evidence of inhibition of cytosolic translation. Reintroduction of wild-type mitochondrial KARS, but not the cytosolic isoform, rescued this phenotype confirming the disease-causing nature of p.(Pro228Leu) exchange and demonstrating the mitochondrial etiology of the disease. We propose that mitochondrial translation deficiency is the probable disease culprit in this and possibly other patients with mutations in KARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Ruzzenente
- INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Zahra Assouline
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Department of pediatric radiology, INSERM 1000 and INSERM UMR1136, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Rötig
- INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Metodi D Metodiev
- INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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41
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Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:309-320. [PMID: 30030363 PMCID: PMC6056719 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major source of ATP in the cell. Five multi-subunit complexes in the inner membrane of the organelle are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation required for ATP production. Thirteen subunits of these complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial genome often referred to as mtDNA. For this reason, the expression of mtDNA is vital for the assembly and functioning of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Defects of the mechanisms regulating mtDNA gene expression have been associated with deficiencies in assembly of these complexes, resulting in mitochondrial diseases. Recently, numerous factors involved in these processes have been identified and characterized leading to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie mitochondrial diseases.
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42
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Vantroys E, Smet J, Vanlander AV, Vergult S, De Bruyne R, Roels F, Stepman H, Roeyers H, Menten B, Van Coster R. Severe hepatopathy and neurological deterioration after start of valproate treatment in a 6-year-old child with mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:80. [PMID: 29783990 PMCID: PMC5963168 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first subjects with deficiency of mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS2) were reported in 2017. Their clinical characteristics can be subdivided into three phenotypes (neonatal phenotype, severe infantile onset phenotype, Parkinson-like phenotype). Results Here, we report on a subject who presented with early developmental delay, motor weakness and intellectual disability and who was considered during several years as having a non-progressive encephalopathy. At the age of six years, she had an epileptic seizure which was treated with sodium valproate. In the months after treatment was started, she developed acute liver failure and severe progressive encephalopathy. Although valproate was discontinued, she died six months later. Spectrophotometric analysis of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes in liver revealed a deficient activity of complex III and low normal activities of the complexes I and IV. Activity staining in the BN-PAGE gel confirmed the low activities of complex I, III and IV and, in addition, showed the presence of a subcomplex of complex V. Histochemically, a mosaic pattern was seen in hepatocytes after cytochrome c oxidase staining. Using Whole Exome Sequencing two known pathogenic variants were detected in WARS2 (c.797delC, p.Pro266ArgfsTer10/ c.938 A > T, p.Lys313Met). Conclusion This is the first report of severe hepatopathy in a subject with WARS2 deficiency. The hepatopathy occurred soon after start of sodium valproate treatment. In the literature, valproate-induced hepatotoxicity was reported in the subjects with pathogenic mutations in POLG and TWNK. This case report illustrates that the course of the disease in the subjects with a mitochondrial defect can be non-progressive during several years. The subject reported here was first diagnosed as having cerebral palsy. Only after a mitochondriotoxic medication was started, the disease became progressive, and the diagnosis of a mitochondrial defect was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Vantroys
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joél Smet
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnaud V Vanlander
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vergult
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth De Bruyne
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Roels
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hedwig Stepman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herbert Roeyers
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolism, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
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43
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Ardissone A, Tonduti D, Legati A, Lamantea E, Barone R, Dorboz I, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Nebbia G, Maggioni M, Garavaglia B, Moroni I, Farina L, Pichiecchio A, Orcesi S, Chiapparini L, Ghezzi D. KARS-related diseases: progressive leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord calcifications as new phenotype and a review of literature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:45. [PMID: 29615062 PMCID: PMC5883414 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KARS encodes lysyl- transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase, which catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA-Lys in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Eleven families/sporadic patients and 16 different mutations in KARS have been reported to date. The associated clinical phenotype is heterogeneous ranging from early onset encephalopathy to isolated peripheral neuropathy or nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Recently additional presentations including leukoencephalopathy as predominant cerebral involvement or cardiomyopathy, isolated or associated with muscular and cerebral involvement, have been reported. A progressive Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord calcifications was previously described in a singleton patient and in two siblings, without the identification of the genetic cause. We reported here about a new severe phenotype associated with biallelic KARS mutations and sharing some common points with the other already reported phenotypes, but with a distinct clinical and neuroimaging picture. Review of KARS mutant patients published to date will be also discussed. Results Herein, we report the clinical, biochemical and molecular findings of 2 unreported Italian patients affected by developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, spastic tetraparesis, epilepsy, sensory-neural hypoacusia, visual impairment, microcytic hypochromic anaemia and signs of hepatic dysfunction. MRI pattern in our patients was characterized by progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy and calcifications extending in cerebral, brainstem and cerebellar white matter, with spinal cord involvement. Genetic analysis performed on these 2 patients and in one subject previously described with similar MRI pattern revealed the presence of biallelic mutations in KARS in all 3 subjects. Conclusions With our report we define the molecular basis of the previously described Leukoencephalopathy with Brainstem and Spinal cord Calcification widening the spectrum of KARS related disorders, particularly in childhood onset disease suggestive for mitochondrial impairment. The review of previous cases does not suggest a strict and univocal genotype/phenotype correlation for this highly heterogeneous entity. Moreover, our cases confirm the usefulness of search for common brain and spine MR imaging pattern and of broad genetic screening, in syndromes clinically resembling mitochondrial disorders in spite of normal biochemical assay. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0788-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ardissone
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine DIMET, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Legati
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Imen Dorboz
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, Paris 06, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Diseases, National Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Nebbia
- Service of Paediatric Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- Neuroradiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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44
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Khoder-Agha F, Dias JM, Comisso M, Mirande M. Characterization of association of human mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase with HIV-1 Pol and tRNA 3Lys. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 19:2. [PMID: 29562886 PMCID: PMC5863373 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-018-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background An important step in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication is the packaging of tRNA3Lys from the host cell, which plays the role of primer RNA in the process of initiation of reverse transcription. The viral GagPol polyprotein precursor, and the human mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase (mLysRS) from the host cell, have been proposed to be involved in the packaging process. More specifically, the catalytic domain of mLysRS is supposed to interact with the transframe (TF or p6*) and integrase (IN) domains of the Pol region of the GagPol polyprotein. Results In this work, we report a quantitative characterization of the protein:protein interactions between mLysRS and its viral partners, the Pol polyprotein, and the isolated integrase and transframe domains of Pol. A dissociation constant of 1.3 ± 0.2 nM was determined for the Pol:mLysRS interaction, which exemplifies the robustness of this association. The protease and reverse transcriptase domains of GagPol are dispensable in this association, but the TF and IN domains have to be connected by a linker polypeptide to recapitulate a high affinity partner for mLysRS. The binding of the viral proteins to mLysRS does not dramatically enhance the binding affinity of mLysRS for tRNA3Lys. Conclusions These data support the conclusion that the complex formed between GagPol, mLysRS and tRNA3Lys, which involves direct interactions between the IN and TF domains of Pol with mLysRS, is more robust than suggested by the previous models supposed to be involved in the packaging of tRNA3Lys into HIV-1 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Khoder-Agha
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - José M Dias
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martine Comisso
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Mirande
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Yakobov N, Debard S, Fischer F, Senger B, Becker HD. Cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Unanticipated relocations for unexpected functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1861:387-400. [PMID: 29155070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are essentially known for their conventional function of generating the full set of aminoacyl-tRNA species that are needed to incorporate each organism's repertoire of genetically-encoded amino acids during ribosomal translation of messenger RNAs. However, bacterial and eukaryotic cytosolic aaRSs have been shown to exhibit other essential nonconventional functions. Here we review all the subcellular compartments that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytosolic aaRSs can reach to exert either a conventional or nontranslational role. We describe the physiological and stress conditions, the mechanisms and the signaling pathways that trigger their relocation and the new functions associated with these relocating cytosolic aaRS. Finally, given that these relocating pools of cytosolic aaRSs participate to a wide range of cellular pathways beyond translation, but equally important for cellular homeostasis, we mention some of the pathologies and diseases associated with the dis-regulation or malfunctioning of these nontranslational functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Yakobov
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Debard
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Fischer
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Senger
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hubert Dominique Becker
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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A single Danio rerio hars gene encodes both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial histidyl-tRNA synthetases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185317. [PMID: 28934368 PMCID: PMC5608375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidyl tRNA Synthetase (HARS) is a member of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) family of enzymes. This family of 20 enzymes is responsible for attaching specific amino acids to their cognate tRNA molecules, a critical step in protein synthesis. However, recent work highlighting a growing number of associations between ARS genes and diverse human diseases raises the possibility of new and unexpected functions in this ancient enzyme family. For example, mutations in HARS have been linked to two different neurological disorders, Usher Syndrome Type IIIB and Charcot Marie Tooth peripheral neuropathy. These connections raise the possibility of previously undiscovered roles for HARS in metazoan development, with alterations in these functions leading to complex diseases. In an attempt to establish Danio rerio as a model for studying HARS functions in human disease, we characterized the Danio rerio hars gene and compared it to that of human HARS. Using a combination of bioinformatics, molecular biology, and cellular approaches, we found that while the human genome encodes separate genes for cytoplasmic and mitochondrial HARS protein, the Danio rerio genome encodes a single hars gene which undergoes alternative splicing to produce the respective cytoplasmic and mitochondrial versions of Hars. Nevertheless, while the HARS genes of humans and Danio differ significantly at the genomic level, we found that they are still highly conserved at the amino acid level, underscoring the potential utility of Danio rerio as a model organism for investigating HARS function and its link to human diseases in vivo.
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Genetic Validation of Leishmania donovani Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Shows that It Is Indispensable for Parasite Growth and Infectivity. mSphere 2017; 2:mSphere00340-17. [PMID: 28875178 PMCID: PMC5577655 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00340-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis. Increasing resistance and severe side effects of existing drugs have led to the need to identify new chemotherapeutic targets. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitous and are required for protein synthesis. aaRSs are known drug targets for bacterial and fungal pathogens. Here, we have characterized and evaluated the essentiality of L. donovani lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LdLysRS). Two different coding sequences for lysyl-tRNA synthetases are annotated in the Leishmania genome database. LdLysRS-1 (LdBPK_150270.1), located on chromosome 15, is closer to apicomplexans and eukaryotes, whereas LdLysRS-2 (LdBPK_300130.1), present on chromosome 30, is closer to bacteria. In the present study, we have characterized LdLysRS-1. Recombinant LdLysRS-1 displayed aminoacylation activity, and the protein localized to the cytosol. The LdLysRS-1 heterozygous mutants had a restrictive growth phenotype and attenuated infectivity. LdLysRS-1 appears to be an essential gene, as a chromosomal knockout of LdLysRS-1 could be generated when the gene was provided on a rescuing plasmid. Cladosporin, a fungal secondary metabolite and a known inhibitor of LysRS, was more potent against promastigotes (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 4.19 µM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50, 1.09 µM) than were isomers of cladosporin (3-epi-isocladosporin and isocladosporin). These compounds exhibited low toxicity to mammalian cells. The specificity of inhibition of parasite growth caused by these inhibitors was further assessed using LdLysRS-1 heterozygous mutant strains and rescue mutant promastigotes. These inhibitors inhibited the aminoacylation activity of recombinant LdLysRS. Our data provide a framework for the development of a new class of drugs against this parasite. IMPORTANCE Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are housekeeping enzymes essential for protein translation, providing charged tRNAs for the proper construction of peptide chains. These enzymes provide raw materials for protein translation and also ensure fidelity of translation. L. donovani is a protozoan parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis. It is a continuously proliferating parasite that depends heavily on efficient protein translation. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is one of the aaRSs which charges lysine to its cognate tRNA. Two different coding sequences for lysyl-tRNA synthetases (LdLysRS) are present in this parasite. LdLysRS-1 is closer to apicomplexans and eukaryotes, whereas LdLysRS-2 is closer to bacteria. Here, we have characterized LdLysRS-1 of L. donovani. LdLysRS-1 appears to be an essential gene, as the chromosomal null mutants did not survive. The heterozygous mutants showed slower growth kinetics and exhibited attenuated virulence. This study also provides a platform to explore LdLysRS-1 as a potential drug target.
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Sissler M, González-Serrano LE, Westhof E. Recent Advances in Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:693-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Verrigni D, Diodato D, Di Nottia M, Torraco A, Bellacchio E, Rizza T, Tozzi G, Verardo M, Piemonte F, Tasca G, D'Amico A, Bertini E, Carrozzo R. Novel mutations in KARS cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and combined mitochondrial respiratory chain defect. Clin Genet 2017; 91:918-923. [PMID: 27891585 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in KARS, which encodes for both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic lysyl-tRNA synthetase, have been so far associated with three different phenotypes: the recessive form of Charcot-Mary-Tooth polyneuropathy, the autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss and the last recently described condition related to congenital visual impairment and progressive microcephaly. Here we report the case of a 14-year-old girl with severe cardiomyopathy associated to mild psychomotor delay and mild myopathy; moreover, a diffuse reduction of cytochrome C oxidase (COX, complex IV) and a combined enzymatic defect of complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV) was evident in muscle biopsy. Using the TruSight One sequencing panel we identified two novel mutations in KARS. Both mutations, never reported previously, occur in a highly conserved region of the catalytic domain and displayed a dramatic effect on KARS stability. Structural analysis confirmed the pathogenic role of the identified variants. Our findings confirm and emphasize that mt-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-ARSs) enzymes are related to a broad clinical spectrum due to their multiple and still unknown functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Verrigni
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - D Diodato
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Di Nottia
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - A Torraco
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - E Bellacchio
- Research Laboratories, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - T Rizza
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tozzi
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - M Verardo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - F Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tasca
- Institute of Neurology, Policlinico 'A. Gemelli' Foundation University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - E Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - R Carrozzo
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rome, Italy
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Debard S, Bader G, De Craene JO, Enkler L, Bär S, Laporte D, Hammann P, Myslinski E, Senger B, Friant S, Becker HD. Nonconventional localizations of cytosolic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in yeast and human cells. Methods 2017; 113:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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