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Sukocheva OA, Neganova ME, Aleksandrova Y, Burcher JT, Chugunova E, Fan R, Tse E, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Liu J. Signaling controversy and future therapeutical perspectives of targeting sphingolipid network in cancer immune editing and resistance to tumor necrosis factor-α immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:251. [PMID: 38698424 PMCID: PMC11064425 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immune surveillance and immunotherapies trigger activation of cytotoxic cytokine signaling, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathways. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α may be secreted by stromal cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and by cancer cells, indicating a prominent role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, tumors manage to adapt, escape immune surveillance, and ultimately develop resistance to the cytotoxic effects of TNF-α. The mechanisms by which cancer cells evade host immunity is a central topic of current cancer research. Resistance to TNF-α is mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms, such as mutation or downregulation of TNF/TRAIL receptors, as well as activation of anti-apoptotic enzymes and transcription factors. TNF-α signaling is also mediated by sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2), which are responsible for synthesis of the growth-stimulating phospholipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Multiple studies have demonstrated the crucial role of S1P and its transmembrane receptors (S1PR) in both the regulation of inflammatory responses and progression of cancer. Considering that the SphK/S1P/S1PR axis mediates cancer resistance, this sphingolipid signaling pathway is of mechanistic significance when considering immunotherapy-resistant malignancies. However, the exact mechanism by which sphingolipids contribute to the evasion of immune surveillance and abrogation of TNF-α-induced apoptosis remains largely unclear. This study reviews mechanisms of TNF-α-resistance in cancer cells, with emphasis on the pro-survival and immunomodulatory effects of sphingolipids. Inhibition of SphK/S1P-linked pro-survival branch may facilitate reactivation of the pro-apoptotic TNF superfamily effects, although the role of SphK/S1P inhibitors in the regulation of the TME and lymphocyte trafficking should be thoroughly assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Elena Chugunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Schuurman AR, Chouchane O, Butler JM, Peters-Sengers H, Joosten S, Brands X, Haak BW, Otto NA, Uhel F, Klarenbeek A, van Linge CC, van Kampen A, Pras-Raves M, van Weeghel M, van Eijk M, Ferraz MJ, Faber DR, de Vos A, Scicluna BP, Vaz FM, Wiersinga WJ, van der Poll T. The shifting lipidomic landscape of blood monocytes and neutrophils during pneumonia. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e164400. [PMID: 38385743 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipidome of immune cells during infection has remained unexplored, although evidence of the importance of lipids in the context of immunity is mounting. In this study, we performed untargeted lipidomic analysis of blood monocytes and neutrophils from patients hospitalized for pneumonia and age- and sex-matched noninfectious control volunteers. We annotated 521 and 706 lipids in monocytes and neutrophils, respectively, which were normalized to an extensive set of internal standards per lipid class. The cellular lipidomes were profoundly altered in patients, with both common and distinct changes between the cell types. Changes involved every level of the cellular lipidome: differential lipid species, class-wide shifts, and altered saturation patterns. Overall, differential lipids were mainly less abundant in monocytes and more abundant in neutrophils from patients. One month after hospital admission, lipidomic changes were fully resolved in monocytes and partially in neutrophils. Integration of lipidomic and concurrently collected transcriptomic data highlighted altered sphingolipid metabolism in both cell types. Inhibition of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis in healthy monocytes and neutrophils resulted in blunted cytokine responses upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. These data reveal major lipidomic remodeling in immune cells during infection, and link the cellular lipidome to immune functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Schuurman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Osoul Chouchane
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joe M Butler
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hessel Peters-Sengers
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Joosten
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xanthe Brands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan W Haak
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Natasja A Otto
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Uhel
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, Colombes, France
| | - Augustijn Klarenbeek
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christine Ca van Linge
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antoine van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mia Pras-Raves
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria J Ferraz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, University of Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daniël R Faber
- Department of Internal Medicine, BovenIJ Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, and
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - W Joost Wiersinga
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Abdel Baky NA, Al-Najjar AH, Elariny HA, Sallam AS, Mohammed AA. Pramipexole and Lactoferrin ameliorate Cyclophosphamide-Induced haemorrhagic cystitis via targeting Sphk1/S1P/MAPK, TLR-4/NF-κB, and NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signalling pathways and modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xu L, Lu P, Wang Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and other immune-mediated diseases. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ogasawara A, Takeuchi H, Komiya H, Ogawa Y, Nishimura K, Kubota S, Hashiguchi S, Takahashi K, Kunii M, Tanaka K, Tada M, Doi H, Tanaka F. Anti-inflammatory effects of siponimod on astrocytes. Neurosci Res 2022; 184:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Zhang CS, Zhang B, Li M, Wei X, Gong K, Li Z, Yao X, Wu J, Zhang C, Zhu M, Zhang L, Sun X, Zhan YH, Jiang Z, Zhao W, Zhong W, Zhuang X, Zhou D, Piao HL, Lin SC, Wang Z. Identification of serum metabolites enhancing inflammatory responses in COVID-19. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1971-1984. [PMID: 35508791 PMCID: PMC9068507 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by a strong production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-6, which underlie the severity of the disease. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for such a strong immune response remains unclear. Here, utilizing targeted tandem mass spectrometry to analyze serum metabolome and lipidome in COVID-19 patients at different temporal stages, we identified that 611 metabolites (of 1,039) were significantly altered in COVID-19 patients. Among them, two metabolites, agmatine and putrescine, were prominently elevated in the serum of patients; and 2-quinolinecarboxylate was changed in a biphasic manner, elevated during early COVID-19 infection but levelled off. When tested in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and macrophages, these 3 metabolites were found to activate the NF-κB pathway that plays a pivotal role in governing cytokine production. Importantly, these metabolites were each able to cause strong increase of TNF and IL-6 levels when administered to wildtype mice, but not in the mice lacking NF-κB. Intriguingly, these metabolites have little effects on the activation of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) for the production of type I interferons (IFNs) for antiviral defenses. These data suggest that circulating metabolites resulting from COVID-19 infection may act as effectors to elicit the peculiar systemic inflammatory responses, exhibiting severely strong proinflammatory cytokine production with limited induction of the interferons. Our study may provide a rationale for development of drugs to alleviate inflammation in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bingchang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiangyang Yao
- Department of pulmonary diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiufeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yi-Hong Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhengye Jiang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xinguo Zhuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- Scientific Research Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Lysophospholipids in Lung Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:373-391. [PMID: 33788203 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lysophospholipids (LPLs) belong to a group of bioactive lipids that play pivotal roles in several physiological and pathological processes. LPLs are derivatives of phospholipids and consist of a single hydrophobic fatty acid chain, a hydrophilic head, and a phosphate group with or without a large molecule attached. Among the LPLs, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are the simplest, and have been shown to be involved in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases such as acute lung injury, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate LPA and S1P signaling. In this chapter, we will discuss on the role of LPA, S1P, their metabolizing enzymes, inhibitors or agonists of their receptors, and their GPCR-mediated signaling in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases, focusing specially on acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Kim JH, Afridi R, Han J, Jung HG, Kim SC, Hwang EM, Shim HS, Ryu H, Choe Y, Hoe HS, Suk K. Gamma subunit of complement component 8 is a neuroinflammation inhibitor. Brain 2021; 144:528-552. [PMID: 33382892 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is part of the innate immune system that comprises several small proteins activated by sequential cleavages. The majority of these complement components, such as components 3a (C3a) and C5a, are chemotactic and pro-inflammatory. However, in this study, we revealed an inhibitory role of complement component 8 gamma (C8G) in neuroinflammation. In patients with Alzheimer's disease, who exhibit strong neuroinflammation, we found higher C8G levels in brain tissue, CSF, and plasma. Our novel findings also showed that the expression level of C8G increases in the inflamed mouse brain, and that C8G is mainly localized to brain astrocytes. Experiments using recombinant C8G protein and shRNA-mediated knockdown showed that C8G inhibits glial hyperactivation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline in acute and chronic animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, we identified sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a novel interaction protein of C8G and demonstrated that astrocyte-derived C8G interacts with S1PR2 to antagonize the pro-inflammatory action of S1P in microglia. Taken together, our results reveal the previously unrecognized role of C8G as a neuroinflammation inhibitor. Our findings pave the way towards therapeutic containment of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Gug Jung
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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9
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Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Su MH, Yang CM. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Induces Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin E 2 Expression via PKCα-dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and NF-κB Cascade in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:569802. [PMID: 33192511 PMCID: PMC7662885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.569802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the regions of tissue injuries and inflammatory diseases, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a proinflammatory mediator, is increased. S1P may induce the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system in various types of cells to exacerbate heart inflammation. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which S1P induces COX-2 expression in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) remain unknown. HCFs were incubated with S1P and analyzed by Western blotting, real time-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescent staining. Our results indicated that S1P activated S1PR1/3-dependent transcriptional activity to induce COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. S1P recruited and activated PTX-sensitive Gi or -insensitive Gq protein-coupled S1PR and then stimulated PKCα-dependent phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, and JNK1/2, leading to activating transcription factor NF-κB. Moreover, S1P-activated NF-κB was translocated into the nucleus and bound to its corresponding binding sites on COX-2 promoters determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and promoter-reporter assays, thereby turning on COX-2 gene transcription associated with PGE2 production in HCFs. These results concluded that in HCFs, activation of NF-κB by PKCα-mediated MAPK cascades was essential for S1P-induced up-regulation of the COX-2/PGE2 system. Understanding the mechanisms of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production regulated by the S1P/S1PRs system on cardiac fibroblasts may provide rationally therapeutic interventions for heart injury or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsiu Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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Schneider G. S1P Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:129-153. [PMID: 32030688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), together with other phosphosphingolipids, has been found to regulate complex cellular function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where it acts as a signaling molecule that participates in cell-cell communication. S1P, through intracellular and extracellular signaling, was found to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis; it also regulates anticancer immune response, modulates inflammation, and promotes angiogenesis. Interestingly, cancer cells are capable of releasing S1P and thus modifying the behavior of the TME components in a way that contributes to tumor growth and progression. Therefore, S1P is considered an important therapeutic target, and several anticancer therapies targeting S1P signaling are being developed and tested in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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11
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Park SJ, Kim JM, Kim J, Hur J, Park S, Kim K, Shin HJ, Chwae YJ. Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis of apoptotic exosome-like vesicles and their roles as damage-associated molecular patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11721-E11730. [PMID: 30463946 PMCID: PMC6294905 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811432115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has led to contradictory notions regarding the conventional theory that apoptotic cell death can evoke inflammatory or immunogenic responses orchestrated by released damage-associated patterns (DAMPs). By inducing IL-1β from bone marrow-derived macrophages in an effort to determine the inflammatory mediators released from apoptotic cells, we found that exosomal fractions called "apoptotic exosome-like vesicles" (AEVs) prepared from apoptotic-conditioned medium were the main inflammatory factors. These AEVs showed characteristics of exosomes in their size, density, morphology, and protein expression but had unique marker proteins, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1 and 3 (S1PR1 and 3). Their biogenesis was completely dependent on cellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/S1PRs signaling from multiple fine spindles of plasma membrane accompanied by F-actin, S1PR1, S1PR3, and CD63 at the early apoptotic phase and progressing to the maturation of F-actin-guided multivesicular endosomes mediated by Gβγ subunits of S1PRs downstream. S1P-loaded S1PRs on AEVs were critical factors for inducing IL-1β via NF-κB transcriptional factor and p38 MAPK, possibly through the RHOA/NOD2 axis, in differentiating macrophages. The AEVs induced genes of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and mediators in both in vitro and in vivo models. In conclusion, AEVs could be key inflammatory mediators, acting as DAMPs that could explain the pathogeneses of various chronic inflammations, autoimmune diseases, or cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jeong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jihyo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jaehark Hur
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ho-Joon Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Chwae
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, 16499 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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12
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Sukocheva OA. Expansion of Sphingosine Kinase and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Function in Normal and Cancer Cells: From Membrane Restructuring to Mediation of Estrogen Signaling and Stem Cell Programming. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020420. [PMID: 29385066 PMCID: PMC5855642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes, and their receptors network are being recognized as part of the signaling mechanisms, which govern breast cancer cell growth, migration, and survival during chemotherapy treatment. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and, thus, rely on estrogen signaling. Estrogen activates an intracellular network composed of many cytoplasmic and nuclear mediators. Some estrogen effects can be mediated by sphingolipids. Estrogen activates sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and amplifies the intracellular concentration of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in breast cancer cells during stimulation of proliferation and survival. Specifically, Estrogen activates S1P receptors (S1PR) and induces growth factor receptor transactivation. SphK, S1P, and S1PR expression are causally associated with endocrine resistance and progression to advanced tumor stages in ER-positive breast cancers in vivo. Recently, the network of SphK/S1PR was shown to promote the development of ER-negative cancers and breast cancer stem cells, as well as stimulating angiogenesis. Novel findings confirm and broaden our knowledge about the cross-talk between sphingolipids and estrogen network in normal and malignant cells. Current S1PRs therapeutic inhibition was indicated as a promising chemotherapy approach in non-responsive and advanced malignancies. Considering that sphingolipid signaling has a prominent role in terminally differentiated cells, the impact should be considered when designing specific SphK/S1PR inhibitors. This study analyzes the dynamic of the transformation of sphingolipid axis during a transition from normal to pathological condition on the level of the whole organism. The sphingolipid-based mediation and facilitation of global effects of estrogen were critically accented as a bridging mechanism that should be explored in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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13
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Pellegrinelli V, Campbell M, Oresic M, Vidal-Puig A. Sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids - The "ying and yang" of lipotoxicity in metabolic diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:14-29. [PMID: 28104532 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids in general and ceramides in particular, contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms by modifying signalling and metabolic pathways. Here, we present the available evidence for a bidirectional homeostatic crosstalk between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids, whose dysregulation contributes to lipotoxicity induced metabolic stress. The initial evidence for this crosstalk originates from simulated models designed to investigate the biophysical properties of sphingolipids in plasma membrane representations. In this review, we reinterpret some of the original findings and conceptualise them as a sort of "ying/yang" interaction model of opposed/complementary forces, which is consistent with the current knowledge of lipid homeostasis and pathophysiology. We also propose that the dysregulation of the balance between sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids results in a lipotoxic insult relevant in the pathophysiology of common metabolic diseases, typically characterised by their increased ceramide/sphingosine pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK.
| | - V Pellegrinelli
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK
| | - M Campbell
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK
| | - M Oresic
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI -20520 Turku, Finland
| | - A Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge. Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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14
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Gu TT, Song L, Chen TY, Wang X, Zhao XJ, Ding XQ, Yang YZ, Pan Y, Zhang DM, Kong LD. Fructose downregulates miR-330 to induce renal inflammatory response and insulin signaling impairment: Attenuation by morin. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing P. R. China
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15
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Blankenbach KV, Schwalm S, Pfeilschifter J, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Antagonists: Therapeutic Potential and Potential Risks. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:167. [PMID: 27445808 PMCID: PMC4914510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling system with its specific G-protein-coupled S1P receptors, the enzymes of S1P metabolism and the S1P transporters, offers a multitude of promising targets for drug development. Until today, drug development in this area has nearly exclusively focused on (functional) antagonists at the S1P1 receptor, which cause a unique phenotype of immunomodulation. Accordingly, the first-in class S1P1 receptor modulator, fingolimod, has been approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and novel S1P1 receptor (functional) antagonists are being developed for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus erythematodes, or polymyositis. Besides the S1P1 receptor, also S1P2 and S1P3 are widely expressed and regulate many diverse functions throughout the body. The S1P2 receptor, in particular, often exerts cellular functions which are opposed to the functions of the S1P1 receptor. As a consequence, antagonists at the S1P2 receptor have the potential to be useful in a contrasting context and different areas of indication compared to S1P1 antagonists. The present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of S1P2 receptor antagonists and discuss their opportunities as well as their potential risks. Open questions and areas which require further investigations will be emphasized in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Blankenbach
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Zhou K, Blom T. Trafficking and Functions of Bioactive Sphingolipids: Lessons from Cells and Model Membranes. Lipid Insights 2015; 8:11-20. [PMID: 26715852 PMCID: PMC4685176 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingosine and their phosphorylated counterparts are recognized as "bioactive sphingolipids" and modulate membrane integrity, the activity of enzymes, or act as ligands of G protein-coupled receptors. The subcellular distribution of the bioactive sphingolipids is central to their function as the same lipid can mediate diametrically opposite effects depending on its location. To ensure that these lipids are present in the right amount and in the appropriate organelles, cells employ selective lipid transport and compartmentalize sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes to characteristic subcellular sites. Our knowledge of key mechanisms involved in sphingolipid signaling and trafficking has increased substantially in the past decades-thanks to advances in biochemical and cell biological methods. In this review, we focus on the bioactive sphingolipids and discuss how the combination of studies in cells and in model membranes have contributed to our understanding of how they behave and function in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Blom
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Filamin A Expression Negatively Regulates Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Induced NF-κB Activation in Melanoma Cells by Inhibition of Akt Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:320-9. [PMID: 26552704 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00554-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator that regulates many processes in inflammation and cancer. S1P is a ligand for five G-protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1 to -5, and also has important intracellular actions. Previously, we showed that intracellular S1P is involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced NF-κB activation in melanoma cell lines that express filamin A (FLNA). Here, we show that extracellular S1P activates NF-κB only in melanoma cells that lack FLNA. In these cells, S1P, but not TNF, promotes IκB kinase (IKK) and p65 phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NF-κB reporter activity. NF-κB activation induced by S1P was mediated via S1PR1 and S1PR2. Exogenous S1P enhanced the phosphorylation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), and its downregulation reduced S1P-induced the phosphorylation of IKK and p65. In addition, silencing of Bcl10 also inhibited S1P-induced IKK phosphorylation. Surprisingly, S1P reduced Akt activation in melanoma cells that express FLNA, whereas in the absence of FLNA, high phosphorylation levels of Akt were maintained, enabling S1P-mediated NF-κB signaling. In accord, inhibition of Akt suppressed S1P-mediated IKK and p65 phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. Hence, these results support a negative role of FLNA in S1P-mediated NF-κB activation in melanoma cells through modulation of Akt.
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18
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Role of Ceramide from Glycosphingolipids and Its Metabolites in Immunological and Inflammatory Responses in Humans. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:120748. [PMID: 26609196 PMCID: PMC4644562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/120748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of hydrophobic ceramide and hydrophilic sugar chains. GSLs cluster to form membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) on plasma membranes, along with several kinds of transducer molecules, including Src family kinases and small G proteins. However, GSL-mediated biological functions remain unclear. Lactosylceramide (LacCer, CDw17) is highly expressed on the plasma membranes of human phagocytes and mediates several immunological and inflammatory reactions, including phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation. LacCer forms membrane microdomains with the Src family tyrosine kinase Lyn and the Gαi subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. The very long fatty acids C24:0 and C24:1 are the main ceramide components of LacCer in neutrophil plasma membranes and are directly connected with the fatty acids of Lyn and Gαi. These observations suggest that the very long fatty acid chains of ceramide are critical for GSL-mediated outside-in signaling. Sphingosine is another component of ceramide, with the hydrolysis of ceramide by ceramidase producing sphingosine and fatty acids. Sphingosine is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to sphingosine-1-phosphate, which is involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including growth, differentiation, survival, chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and embryogenesis, in various types of cells. This review describes the role of ceramide moiety of GSLs and its metabolites in immunological and inflammatory reactions in human.
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19
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Binder BYK, Williams PA, Silva EA, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Concise Review of Biological Function and Applications for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:531-42. [PMID: 26035484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and controlled release of bioactive signals to direct cellular growth and differentiation represents a widely used strategy in tissue engineering. Historically, work in this field has primarily focused on the delivery of large cytokines and growth factors, which can be costly to manufacture and difficult to deliver in a sustained manner. There has been a marked increase over the past decade in the pursuit of lipid mediators due to their wide range of effects over multiple cell types, low cost, and ease of scale-up. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are two bioactive lysophospholipids (LPLs) that have gained attention for use as pharmacological agents in tissue engineering applications. While these lipids can have similar effects on cellular response, they possess distinct chemical backbones, mechanisms of synthesis and degradation, and signaling pathways using a discrete set of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA and S1P predominantly act extracellularly on their GPCRs and can directly regulate cell survival, differentiation, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and migration--each of the important functions that must be considered in regenerative medicine. In addition to these potent physiological functions, these LPLs play pivotal roles in a number of pathophysiological processes. To capitalize on the promise of these molecules in tissue engineering, these lipids have been incorporated into biomaterials for in vivo delivery. Here, we survey the effects of LPA and S1P on both cellular- and tissue-level phenotypes, with an eye toward regulating stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation. In particular, we examine work that has translational applications for cell-based tissue engineering strategies in promoting cell survival, bone and cartilage engineering, and therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y K Binder
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Priscilla A Williams
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kent Leach
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
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20
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Yu OM, Brown JH. G Protein-Coupled Receptor and RhoA-Stimulated Transcriptional Responses: Links to Inflammation, Differentiation, and Cell Proliferation. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:171-80. [PMID: 25904553 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.097857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The low molecular weight G protein RhoA (rat sarcoma virus homolog family member A) serves as a node for transducing signals through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Activation of RhoA occurs through coupling of G proteins, most prominently, G12/13, to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. The GPCR ligands that are most efficacious for RhoA activation include thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and thromboxane A2. These ligands also stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation in a variety of cell and tissues types. The molecular events underlying these responses are the activation of transcription factors, transcriptional coactivators, and downstream gene programs. This review describes the pathways leading from GPCRs and RhoA to the regulation of activator protein-1, NFκB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), myocardin-related transcription factor A, and Yes-associated protein. We also focus on the importance of two prominent downstream transcriptional gene targets, the inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase 2, and the matricellular protein cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1). Finally, we describe the importance of GPCR-induced activation of these pathways in the pathophysiology of cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (O.Y., J.H.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California (O.Y.)
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (O.Y., J.H.B.) and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California (O.Y.)
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21
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Minashima T, Campbell KA, Hadley SR, Zhang Y, Kirsch T. The role of ANK interactions with MYBBP1a and SPHK1 in catabolic events of articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:852-61. [PMID: 24747173 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of progressive ankylosis protein (ANK)/Myb-binding protein 1a (MYBBP1a) and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) interactions in catabolic events of articular chondrocytes. METHOD ANK/MYBBP1a and SPHK1 interactions were identified using yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation. To determine the role of these interactions in catabolic events of articular chondrocytes, ank/ank and wild type (WT) mouse chondrocytes transfected with full-length or mutant ank expression vectors (EVs) or femoral heads were treated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) in the absence or presence of SPHK inhibitor. Catabolic marker mRNA levels were analyzed by real time PCR; proteoglycan loss using safranin O staining and MMP-13 immunostaining were determined in femoral head explants; NF-κB activity was determined by transfecting chondrocytes with an NF-κB-specific luciferase reporter and analyzing nuclear translocation of p65 by immunoblotting; MYBBP1a nuclear or cytoplasmic amounts were determined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. RESULTS The ANK N-terminal region interacted with SPHK1, whereas a cytoplasmic C-terminal loop interacted with MYBBP1a. Lack of ANK/MYBBP1a and SPHK1 interactions in ank/ank chondrocytes resulted in increased MYBBP1a nuclear amounts and decreased SPHK1 activity, and consequently decreased NF-κB activity, catabolic marker mRNA levels, proteoglycan loss, and MMP-13 immunostaining in IL-1β-treated articular chondrocytes or femoral heads. Transfection with full-length ank EV reduced nuclear MYBBP1a amounts and fully restored SPHK and NF-κB activities in IL-1β-treated ank/ank chondrocytes, whereas transfection with P5L or F376del mutant ank reduced nuclear MYBBP1a or increased SPHK activity, respectively, and consequently either transfection only partially restored NF-κB activity. CONCLUSION ANK/MYBBP1a and SPHK1 interactions stimulate catabolic events in IL-1β-mediated cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Minashima
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - K A Campbell
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - S R Hadley
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Y Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - T Kirsch
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
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22
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Sayyah J, Bartakova A, Nogal N, Quilliam LA, Stupack DG, Brown JH. The Ras-related protein, Rap1A, mediates thrombin-stimulated, integrin-dependent glioblastoma cell proliferation and tumor growth. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17689-98. [PMID: 24790104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.536227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1 is a Ras family GTPase with a well documented role in ERK/MAP kinase signaling and integrin activation. Stimulation of the G-protein-coupled receptor PAR-1 with thrombin in human 1321N1 glioblastoma cells led to a robust increase in Rap1 activation. This response was sustained for up to 6 h and mediated through RhoA and phospholipase D (PLD). Thrombin treatment also induced a 5-fold increase in cell adhesion to fibronectin, which was blocked by down-regulating PLD or Rap1A or by treatment with a β1 integrin neutralizing antibody. In addition, thrombin treatment led to increases in phospho-focal adhesion kinase (tyrosine 397), ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation, which were significantly inhibited in cells treated with β1 integrin antibody or Rap1A siRNA. To assess the role of Rap1A in tumor formation in vivo, we compared growth of 1321N1 cells stably expressing control, Rap1A or Rap1B shRNA in a mouse xenograft model. Deletion of Rap1A, but not of Rap1B, reduced tumor mass by >70% relative to control. Similar observations were made with U373MG glioblastoma cells in which Rap1A was down-regulated. Collectively, these findings implicate a Rap1A/β1 integrin pathway, activated downstream of G-protein-coupled receptor stimulation and RhoA, in glioblastoma cell proliferation. Moreover, our data demonstrate a critical role for Rap1A in glioblastoma tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Bartakova
- Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 and
| | | | - Lawrence A Quilliam
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Dwayne G Stupack
- Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 and
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Giussani P, Tringali C, Riboni L, Viani P, Venerando B. Sphingolipids: key regulators of apoptosis and pivotal players in cancer drug resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4356-92. [PMID: 24625663 PMCID: PMC3975402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance elicited by cancer cells still constitutes a huge problem that frequently impairs the efficacy of both conventional and novel molecular therapies. Chemotherapy usually acts to induce apoptosis in cancer cells; therefore, the investigation of apoptosis control and of the mechanisms used by cancer cells to evade apoptosis could be translated in an improvement of therapies. Among many tools acquired by cancer cells to this end, the de-regulated synthesis and metabolism of sphingolipids have been well documented. Sphingolipids are known to play many structural and signalling roles in cells, as they are involved in the control of growth, survival, adhesion, and motility. In particular, in order to increase survival, cancer cells: (a) counteract the accumulation of ceramide that is endowed with pro-apoptotic potential and is induced by many drugs; (b) increase the synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate and glucosylceramide that are pro-survivals signals; (c) modify the synthesis and the metabolism of complex glycosphingolipids, particularly increasing the levels of modified species of gangliosides such as 9-O acetylated GD3 (αNeu5Ac(2-8)αNeu5Ac(2-3)βGal(1-4)βGlc(1-1)Cer) or N-glycolyl GM3 (αNeu5Ac (2-3)βGal(1-4)βGlc(1-1)Cer) and de-N-acetyl GM3 (NeuNH(2)βGal(1-4)βGlc(1-1)Cer) endowed with anti-apoptotic roles and of globoside Gb3 related to a higher expression of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1. In light of this evidence, the employment of chemical or genetic approaches specifically targeting sphingolipid dysregulations appears a promising tool for the improvement of current chemotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Cristina Tringali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Bruno Venerando
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
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24
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Oizumi A, Nakayama H, Okino N, Iwahara C, Kina K, Matsumoto R, Ogawa H, Takamori K, Ito M, Suga Y, Iwabuchi K. Pseudomonas-derived ceramidase induces production of inflammatory mediators from human keratinocytes via sphingosine-1-phosphate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89402. [PMID: 24586752 PMCID: PMC3934885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is important for water retention and permeability barrier functions in the stratum corneum, and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). A Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived neutral ceramidase (PaCDase) isolated from a patient with AD was shown to effectively degrade ceramide in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus-derived lipids or neutral detergents. However, the effect of ceramide metabolites on the functions of differentiating keratinocytes is poorly understood. We found that the ceramide metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) stimulated the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-8 from three-dimensionally cultured human primary keratinocytes (termed "3D keratinocytes"), which form a stratum corneum. PaCDase alone did not affect TNF-α gene expression in 3D keratinocytes. In the presence of the detergent Triton X-100, which damages stratum corneum structure, PaCDase, but not heat-inactivated PaCDase or PaCDase-inactive mutant, induced the production of TNF-α, endothelin-1, and IL-8, indicating that this production was dependent on ceramidase activity. Among various ceramide metabolites, sphingosine and S1P enhanced the gene expression of TNF-α, endothelin-1, and IL-8. The PaCDase-enhanced expression of these genes was inhibited by a sphingosine kinase inhibitor and by an S1P receptor antagonist VPC 23019. The TNF-α-binding antibody infliximab suppressed the PaCDase-induced upregulation of IL-8, but not TNF-α, mRNA. PaCDase induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. The NF-κB inhibitor curcumin significantly inhibited PaCDase-induced expression of IL-8 and endothelin-1. VPC 23019 and infliximab inhibited PaCDase-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and reduction in the protein level of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. Collectively, these findings suggest that (i) 3D keratinocytes produce S1P from sphingosine, which is produced through the hydrolysis of ceramide by PaCDase, (ii) S1P induces the production of TNF-α via S1P receptors, and (iii) released TNF-α stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators such as IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Oizumi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan ; Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakayama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan ; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Iwahara
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Katsunari Kina
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsumoto
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan ; Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Japan ; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Health Care and Nursing, Urayasu, Japan
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Tsai CY, Chang AYW, Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling in rostral ventrolateral medulla impairs brain stem cardiovascular regulation that underpins circulatory depression during mevinphos intoxication. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:75-85. [PMID: 24462917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As the most widely used pesticides in the globe, the organophosphate compounds are understandably linked with the highest incidence of suicidal poisoning. Whereas the elicited toxicity is often associated with circulatory depression, the underlying mechanisms require further delineation. Employing the pesticide mevinphos as our experimental tool, we evaluated the hypothesis that transcriptional upregulation of nitric oxide synthase II (NOS II) by NF-κB on activation of the PI3K/Akt cascade in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the brain stem site that maintains blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor tone, underpins the circulatory depressive effects of organophosphate poisons. Microinjection of mevinphos (10 nmol) bilaterally into the RVLM of anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats induced a progressive hypotension that was accompanied sequentially by an increase (Phase I) and a decrease (Phase II) of an experimental index for the baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone. There were also progressive augmentations in PI3K or Akt enzyme activity and phosphorylation of p85 or Akt(Thr308) subunit in the RVLM that were causally related to an increase in NF-κB transcription activity and elevation in NOS II or peroxynitrite expression. Loss-of-function manipulations of PI3K or Akt in the RVLM significantly antagonized the reduced baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone and hypotension during Phase II mevinphos intoxication, and blunted the increase in NF-κB/NOS II/peroxynitrite signaling. We conclude that activation of the PI3K/Akt cascade, leading to upregulation of NF-κB/NOS II/peroxynitrite signaling in the RVLM, elicits impairment of brain stem cardiovascular regulation that underpins circulatory depression during mevinphos intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Tsai
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Alice Y W Chang
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan, ROC.
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de la Garza-Rodea AS, Baldwin DM, Oskouian B, Place RF, Bandhuvula P, Kumar A, Saba JD. Sphingosine phosphate lyase regulates myogenic differentiation via S1P receptor-mediated effects on myogenic microRNA expression. FASEB J 2013; 28:506-19. [PMID: 24158395 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-233155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
S1P lyase (SPL) catalyzes the irreversible degradation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid whose signaling activities regulate muscle differentiation, homeostasis, and satellite cell (SC) activation. By regulating S1P levels, SPL also controls SC recruitment and muscle regeneration, representing a potential therapeutic target for muscular dystrophy. We found that SPL is induced during myoblast differentiation. To investigate SPL's role in myogenesis at the cellular level, we generated and characterized a murine myoblast SPL-knockdown (SPL-KD) cell line lacking SPL. SPL-KD cells accumulated intracellular and extracellular S1P and failed to form myotubes under conditions that normally stimulate myogenic differentiation. Under differentiation conditions, SPL-KD cells also demonstrated delayed induction of 3 myogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-1, miR-206, and miR-486. SPL-KD cells successfully differentiated when treated with an S1P1 agonist, S1P2 antagonist, and combination treatments, which also increased myogenic miRNA levels. SPL-KD cells transfected with mimics for miR-1 or miR-206 also overcame the differentiation block. Thus, we show for the first time that the S1P/SPL/S1P-receptor axis regulates the expression of a number of miRNAs, thereby contributing to myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel S de la Garza-Rodea
- 1Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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Young MM, Kester M, Wang HG. Sphingolipids: regulators of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:5-19. [PMID: 23152582 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are two evolutionarily conserved processes that maintain homeostasis during stress. Although the two pathways utilize fundamentally distinct machinery, apoptosis and autophagy are highly interconnected and share many key regulators. The crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is complex, as autophagy can function to promote cell survival or cell death under various cellular conditions. The molecular mechanisms of crosstalk are beginning to be elucidated and have critical implications for the treatment of various diseases, such as cancer. Sphingolipids are a class of bioactive lipids that mediate many key cellular processes, including apoptosis and autophagy. By targeting several of the shared regulators, sphingolipid metabolites differentially regulate the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Importantly, individual sphingolipid species appear to "switch" autophagy toward cell survival (e.g., sphingosine-1-phosphate) or cell death (e.g., ceramide, gangliosides). This review assesses the current understanding of sphingolipid-induced apoptosis and autophagy to address how sphingolipids mediate the "switch" between the cell survival and cell death. As sphingolipid metabolism is frequently dysregulated in cancer, sphingolipid-modulating agents, or sphingomimetics, have emerged as a novel chemotherapeutic strategy. Ultimately, a greater understanding of sphingolipid-mediated crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy may be critical for enhancing the chemotherapeutic efficacy of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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28
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Pan Z, Guo Y, Qi H, Fan K, Wang S, Zhao H, Fan Y, Xie J, Guo F, Hou Y, Wang N, Huo R, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Du Z. M3 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor promotes cardioprotection via the suppression of miR-376b-5p. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32571. [PMID: 22396777 PMCID: PMC3292572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The M3 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M3-mAChR) plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia and microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in many cardiac pathophysiological processes, including ischemia-induced cardiac injury. However, the role of miRNAs in M3-mAChR mediated cardioprotection remains unexplored. The present study was designed to identify miRNAs that are involved in cardioprotective effects of M3-mAChR against myocardial ischemia and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We established rat model of myocardial ischemia and performed miRNA microarray analysis to identify miRNAs involved in the cardioprotection of M3-mAChR. In H9c2 cells, the viability, intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), miR-376b-5p expression level, brain derived neurophic factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) levels were measured. Our results demonstrated that M3-mAChR protected myocardial ischemia injury. Microarray analysis and qRT-PCR revealed that miR-376b-5p was significantly up-regulated in ischemic heart tissue and the M3-mAChRs agonist choline reversed its up-regulation. In vitro, miR-376b-5p promoted H2O2-induced H9c2 cell injuries measured by cells viability, [Ca2+]i and ROS. Western blot and luciferase assay identified BDNF as a direct target of miR-376b-5p. M3-mAChR activated NF-κB and thereby inhibited miR-376b-5p expression. Our data show that a novel M3-mAChR/NF-κB/miR-376b-5p/BDNF axis plays an important role in modulating cardioprotection. MiR-376b-5p promotes myocardial ischemia injury possibly by inhibiting BDNF expression and M3-mAChR provides cardioprotection at least partially mediated by the downregulation of miR-376b-5p through NF-κB. These findings provide new insight into the potential mechanism by which M3-mAChR provides cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yueping Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Rong Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZD)
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People′s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZD)
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Kim ES, Kim JS, Kim SG, Hwang S, Lee CH, Moon A. Sphingosine 1-phosphate regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and breast cell invasion through S1P3-Gαq coupling. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2220-30. [PMID: 21652634 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.076794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in malignant progression of breast cancer. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), acting on the G-protein-coupled receptors, is known as a potent inflammatory mediator. In this study, the effect of the inflammatory lipid S1P on the regulation of invasive/migratory phenotypes of MCF10A human breast epithelial cells was investigated to elucidate a causal relationship between inflammation and the control of invasiveness of breast cells. We show that S1P causes induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in vitro and in vivo, and thus enhances invasion and migration. We also show that fos plays a crucial role in the transcriptional activation of MMP-9 by S1P. In addition, activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 and alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) are involved in the process of S1P-mediated induction of MMP-9 expression and invasion. Activation of the S1P receptor S1P₃ and G(αq) are required for S1P-induced invasive/migratory responses, suggesting that the enhancement of S1P-mediated invasiveness is triggered by the specific coupling of S1P₃ to the heterotrimeric G(αq) subunit. Activation of phospholipase C-β₄ and intracellular Ca²⁺ release are required for S1P-induced MMP-9 upregulation. Taken together, this study demonstrated that S1P regulates MMP-9 induction and invasiveness through coupling of S1P₃ and G(αq) in MCF10A cells, thus providing a molecular basis for the crucial role of S1P in promoting breast cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Korea
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30
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Spiegel S, Milstien S. The outs and the ins of sphingosine-1-phosphate in immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:403-15. [PMID: 21546914 DOI: 10.1038/nri2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potent lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is produced inside cells by two closely related kinases, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and SPHK2, and has emerged as a crucial regulator of immunity. Many of the actions of S1P in innate and adaptive immunity are mediated by its binding to five G protein-coupled receptors, designated S1PR1-5, but recent findings have also identified important roles for S1P as a second messenger during inflammation. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the roles of S1P receptors and describe the newly identified intracellular targets of S1P that are crucial for immune responses. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of new drugs that target S1P signalling and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
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Atwood BK, Lopez J, Wager-Miller J, Mackie K, Straiker A. Expression of G protein-coupled receptors and related proteins in HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18 cell lines as revealed by microarray analysis. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:14. [PMID: 21214938 PMCID: PMC3024950 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most widely studied gene superfamilies. Thousands of GPCR research studies have utilized heterologous expression systems such as human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). Though often treated as 'blank slates', these cell lines nevertheless endogenously express GPCRs and related signaling proteins. The outcome of a given GPCR study can be profoundly influenced by this largely unknown complement of receptors and/or signaling proteins. Little easily accessible information exists that describes the expression profiles of the GPCRs in cell lines. What is accessible is often limited in scope - of the hundreds of GPCRs and related proteins, one is unlikely to find information on expression of more than a dozen proteins in a given cell line. Microarray technology has allowed rapid analysis of mRNA levels of thousands of candidate genes, but though often publicly available, the results can be difficult to efficiently access or even to interpret. RESULTS To bridge this gap, we have used microarrays to measure the mRNA levels of a comprehensive profile of non-chemosensory GPCRs and over a hundred GPCR signaling related gene products in four cell lines frequently used for GPCR research: HEK293, AtT20, BV2, and N18. CONCLUSIONS This study provides researchers an easily accessible mRNA profile of the endogenous signaling repertoire that these four cell lines possess. This will assist in choosing the most appropriate cell line for studying GPCRs and related signaling proteins. It also provides a better understanding of the potential interactions between GPCRs and those signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady K Atwood
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, The Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Blom T, Bergelin N, Meinander A, Löf C, Slotte JP, Eriksson JE, Törnquist K. An autocrine sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling loop enhances NF-kappaB-activation and survival. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:45. [PMID: 20573281 PMCID: PMC2906432 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that regulates a multitude of cellular functions, including cell proliferation, survival, migration and angiogenesis. S1P mediates its effects either by signaling through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or through an intracellular mode of action. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism behind S1P-induced survival signalling. RESULTS We found that S1P protected cells from FasL-induced cell death in an NF-kappaB dependent manner. NF-kappaB was activated by extracellular S1P via S1P2 receptors and Gi protein signaling. Our study also demonstrates that extracellular S1P stimulates cells to rapidly produce and secrete additional S1P, which can further amplify the NF-kappaB activation. CONCLUSIONS We propose a self-amplifying loop of autocrine S1P with capacity to enhance cell survival. The mechanism provides increased understanding of the multifaceted roles of S1P in regulating cell fate during normal development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Blom
- Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Gossens K, Naus S, Corbel SY, Lin S, Rossi FMV, Kast J, Ziltener HJ. Thymic progenitor homing and lymphocyte homeostasis are linked via S1P-controlled expression of thymic P-selectin/CCL25. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:761-78. [PMID: 19289576 PMCID: PMC2715120 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thymic T cell progenitor (TCP) importation is a periodic, gated event that is dependent on the expression of functional P-selectin ligands on TCPs. Occupancy of intrathymic TCP niches is believed to negatively regulate TCP importation, but the nature of this feedback mechanism is not yet resolved. We show that P-selectin and CCL25 are periodically expressed in the thymus and are essential parts of the thymic gate-keeping mechanism. Periodicity of thymic TCP receptivity and the size of the earliest intrathymic TCP pool were dependent on the presence of functional P-selectin ligand on TCPs. Furthermore, we show that the numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes directly affected thymic P-selectin expression and TCP receptivity. We identified sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as one feedback signal that could mediate influence of the peripheral lymphocyte pool on thymic TCP receptivity. Our findings suggest a model whereby thymic TCP importation is controlled by both early thymic niche occupancy and the peripheral lymphocyte pool via S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gossens
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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beta-Arrestin1 interacts with the G-protein subunits beta1gamma2 and promotes beta1gamma2-dependent Akt signalling for NF-kappaB activation. Biochem J 2009; 417:287-96. [PMID: 18729826 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
beta-Arrestins are known to regulate G-protein signalling through interactions with their downstream effectors. In the present study, we report that beta-arrestin1 associates with the G-protein beta1gamma2 subunits in transfected cells, and purified beta-arrestin1 interacts with G(beta1gamma2) derived from in vitro translation. Deletion mutagenesis of beta-arrestin1 led to the identification of a region, comprising amino acids 181-280, as being responsible for its interaction with G(beta1gamma2). Overexpression of beta-arrestin1 facilitates G(beta1gamma2)-mediated Akt phosphorylation, and inhibition of endogenous beta-arrestin1 expression by siRNA (small interfering RNA) diminishes this effect. Through investigation of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB), a transcription factor regulated by Akt signalling, we have found that overexpression of beta-arrestin1 significantly enhances G(beta1gamma2)-mediated nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB proteins and expression of a NF-kappaB-directed luciferase reporter. Overexpression of beta-arrestin1 also promotes bradykinin-induced, G(betagamma)-mediated NF-kappaB luciferase-reporter expression, which is reverted by silencing the endogenous beta-arrestin1 with a specific siRNA. These results identify novel functions of beta-arrestin1 in binding to the beta1gamma2 subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins and promoting G(betagamma)-mediated Akt signalling for NF-kappaB activation.
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35
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Chung C, Kim I, Jung Y. Considering cell‐based assays and factors for genome‐wide high‐content functional screening. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2009.9647199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Siehler S, Guerini D. Novel GPCR Screening Approach: Indirect Identification of S1P Receptor Agonists in Antagonist Screening Using a Calcium Assay. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2008; 26:549-75. [PMID: 17118798 DOI: 10.1080/10799890600932246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the physiological function of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1-3 (S1P1-3) we aimed to identify selective ligands for these GPCRs. S1P2 and S1P3 are coupled to Gq, and are, therefore, linked to the phospholipase C/IP3/calcium pathway. S1P1 is solely coupled to Gi and was artificially linked to calcium signaling by coexpression of Galpha 16. The three receptors desensitized on challenge of cells with an agonist (i.e., agonists appeared as antagonists in a second calcium measurement). We screened a compound library for inhibitors of S1P-stimulated calcium signals, and we could identify agonists and antagonists with a single measurement. Agonism and antagonism were confirmed by recording compound-and S1P-induced calcium signals from the same assay well. For the three receptors, we found a reciprocal correlation of agonism and "apparent" antagonism of agonists. In addition, agonists indirectly discovered by this approach do not promote calcium mobilization through endogenous GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Siehler
- Discovery Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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Hsieh HL, Sun CC, Wu CB, Wu CY, Tung WH, Wang HH, Yang CM. Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces EGFR expression via Akt/NF-kappaB and ERK/AP-1 pathways in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 103:1732-46. [PMID: 17902169 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to regulate expression of several genes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and contributes to arteriosclerosis. However, the mechanisms regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression by S1P in aortic VSMCs remain unclear. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses showed that S1P induced EGFR mRNA and protein expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, which was attenuated by inhibitors of MEK1/2 (U0126) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin), and transfection with dominant negative mutants of ERK and Akt, respectively. These results suggested that S1P-induced EGFR expression was mediated through p42/p44 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in VSMCs. In accordance with these findings, S1P stimulated phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK and Akt which was attenuated by U0126 and wortmannin, respectively. Furthermore, S1P-induced EGFR upregulation was blocked by a selective NF-kappaB inhibitor helenalin. Immunofluorescent staining and reporter gene assay revealed that S1P-induced activation of NF-kappaB was blocked by wortmannin, but not by U0126, suggesting that activation of NF-kappaB was mediated through PI3K/Akt. Moreover, S1P-induced EGFR expression was inhibited by an AP-1 inhibitor curcumin and tanshinone IIA. S1P-stimulated AP-1 subunits (c-Jun and c-Fos mRNA) expression was attenuated by U0126 and wortmannin, suggesting that MEK and PI3K/ERK cascade linking to AP-1 was involved in EGFR expression. Upregulation of EGFR by S1P may exert a phenotype modulation of VSMCs. This hypothesis was supported by pretreatment with AG1478 or transfection with shRNA of EGFR that attenuated EGF-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs pretreated with S1P, determined by XTT assay. These results demonstrated that in VSMCs, activation of Akt/NF-kappaB and ERK/AP-1 pathways independently regulated S1P-induced EGFR expression in VSMCs. Understanding the mechanisms involved in S1P-induced EGFR expression on VSMCs may provide potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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38
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G-protein-dependent and -independent pathways regulate proteinase-activated receptor-2 mediated p65 NFκB serine 536 phosphorylation in human keratinocytes. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1267-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals into the intracellular space, and play key roles in the physiological regulation of virtually every cell and tissue. Characteristic for the GPCR superfamily of cell surface receptors are their seven transmembrane-spanning alpha-helices, an extracellular N terminus and intracellular C-terminal tail. Besides transmission of extracellular signals, their activity is modulated by cellular signals in an auto- or transregulatory fashion. The molecular complexity of GPCRs and their regulated signaling networks triggered the interest in academic research groups to explore them further, and their drugability and role in pathophysiology triggers pharmaceutical research towards small molecular weight ligands and therapeutic antibodies. About 30% of marketed drugs target GPCRs, which underlines the importance of this target class. This review describes current and emerging cellular assays for the ligand discovery of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Siehler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel, Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its analogue FTY720 diminish acute pulmonary injury in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 2008; 36:e10-5. [PMID: 18362832 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31815f3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its analogue FTY720 on the lung injury induced by acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. METHODS Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by retrogradely injection of 5% sodium taurocholate of biliopancreatic duct in rats. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (100 microg/kg) or FTY720 (1 mg/kg) was administered immediately after the model induction by peritoneal injection. Six hours after the model induction, bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration, total cell count, polymorphonuclear neutrophil percentage, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), nuclear factor kappaB activation of alveolar macrophages, and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were examined. Serum amylase and lipase were tested. In addition, histopathological changes of the pancreas and lung were observed. RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentration, total cell count, PMN percentage, proinflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappaB activation, lung capillary leakage, and lung myeloperoxidase were all reduced significantly in both S1P and FTY720 groups. The pulmonary pathological injury in both S1P and FTY720 groups was ameliorated obviously. Nevertheless, the serum amylase, lipase, and the pancreatic pathological damages were not decreased. CONCLUSIONS Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its analogue FTY720 significantly decreased pulmonary inflammation and injury in a rat model of acute lung injury caused by acute necrotizing pancreatitis and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the acute necrotizing pancreatitis-associated lung injury.
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41
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Dual and distinct roles for sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine 1 phosphate in the response to inflammatory stimuli in RAW macrophages. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2007; 85:107-14. [PMID: 18166496 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes including growth regulation, protection from apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and most recently as mediators of the TNF-alpha inflammatory response. In this study we set out to examine the role of SK1/S1P in the RAW macrophage response to the potent inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show that LPS increases cellular levels of SK1 message and protein. This increase is at the transcriptional level and is accompanied by increased SK activity and generation of S1P. S1P is able to cause increases in COX-2 and PGE2 levels in RAW cells. Knockdown of SK1 using siRNA is able to inhibit the TNF but not the LPS inflammatory response. Moreover, knockdown of SK1 enhances both TNF- and LPS-induced apoptosis. These data indicate that there is a dual and distinct role for SK1 and S1P in the TNF and the LPS inflammatory pathways.
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42
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Song J, Matsuda C, Kai Y, Nishida T, Nakajima K, Mizushima T, Kinoshita M, Yasue T, Sawa Y, Ito T. A novel sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist, 2-amino-2-propanediol hydrochloride (KRP-203), regulates chronic colitis in interleukin-10 gene-deficient mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:276-83. [PMID: 17898319 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.119172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are based on recent advances in elucidating the pathophysiology of the disease. A satisfactory therapeutic strategy has not been well established. A new sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist, 2-amino-2-propanediol hydrochloride (KRP-203), has been developed for immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and potency of KRP-203 on the treatment of chronic colitis in an interleukin (IL)-10 gene-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mouse model. KRP-203 agonistic activity on S1P receptor was assessed in vitro. KRP-203 was administered for 1 or 4 weeks to IL-10(-/-) mice with clinical signs of colitis. The histological appearance of the colon and the numbers, phenotype, and cytokine production of lymphocytes were compared with a control group. KRP-203 treatment was effective in preventing body weight loss in the IL-10(-/-) colitis model. One-week administration resulted in the sequestration of circulating lymphocytes within the secondary lymphoid tissues. After 4 weeks of treatment, highly significant reductions were observed in number of CD4(+) T cell and B220(+) B cell subpopulations in the lamina propria of the colon and peripheral blood. KRP-203 obviously inhibited the production of interferon-gamma, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by the colonic lymphocytes, but had no influence on IL-4 production. KRP-203 significantly inhibits ongoing IL-10(-/-) colitis in part through decreasing the infiltration of lymphocytes at inflammatory sites and by blocking T-helper 1 cytokine production in the colonic mucosa. Therefore, the possibility arises that KRP-203 plays a potential role in control of chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Song
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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43
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Dev KK, Mullershausen F, Mattes H, Kuhn RR, Bilbe G, Hoyer D, Mir A. Brain sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors: implication for FTY720 in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 117:77-93. [PMID: 17961662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, neurological disability with unknown etiology. The current therapies available for MS work by an immunomodulatory action, preventing T-cell- and macrophage-mediated destruction of brain-resident oligodendrocytes and axonal loss. Recently, FTY720 (fingolimod) was shown to significantly reduce relapse rates in MS patients and is currently in Phase III clinical trials. This drug attenuates trafficking of harmful T cells entering the brain by regulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Here, we outline the direct roles that S1P receptors play in the central nervous system (CNS) and discuss additional modalities by which FTY720 may provide direct neuroprotection in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumlesh K Dev
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Windle Building, Cork, Ireland.
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44
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Weigert A, Tzieply N, von Knethen A, Johann AM, Schmidt H, Geisslinger G, Brüne B. Tumor cell apoptosis polarizes macrophages role of sphingosine-1-phosphate. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3810-9. [PMID: 17652460 PMCID: PMC1995721 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-12-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization contributes to a number of human pathologies. This is exemplified for tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which display a polarized M2 phenotype, closely associated with promotion of angiogenesis and suppression of innate immune responses. We present evidence that induction of apoptosis in tumor cells and subsequent recognition of apoptotic debris by macrophages participates in the macrophage phenotype shift. During coculture of human primary macrophages with human breast cancer carcinoma cells (MCF-7) the latter ones were killed, while macrophages acquired an alternatively activated phenotype. This was characterized by decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL) 12-p70 production, but increased formation of IL-8 and -10. Alternative macrophage activation required tumor cell death because a coculture with apoptosis-resistant colon carcinoma cells (RKO) or Bcl-2-overexpressing MCF-7 cells failed to induce phenotype alterations. Interestingly, phenotype alterations were achieved with conditioned media from apoptotic tumor cells, arguing for a soluble factor. Knockdown of sphingosine kinase (Sphk) 2, but not Sphk1, to attenuate S1P formation in MCF-7 cells, restored classical macrophage responses during coculture. Furthermore, macrophage polarization achieved by tumor cell apoptosis or substitution of authentic S1P suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling. These findings suggest that tumor cell apoptosis-derived S1P contributes to macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weigert
- Institutes of *Biochemistry I/Center for Drug Research, Development and Safety (ZAFES) and
| | - Nico Tzieply
- Institutes of *Biochemistry I/Center for Drug Research, Development and Safety (ZAFES) and
| | - Andreas von Knethen
- Institutes of *Biochemistry I/Center for Drug Research, Development and Safety (ZAFES) and
| | - Axel M. Johann
- Institutes of *Biochemistry I/Center for Drug Research, Development and Safety (ZAFES) and
| | - Helmut Schmidt
- Clinical Pharmacology/ZAFES, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Clinical Pharmacology/ZAFES, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institutes of *Biochemistry I/Center for Drug Research, Development and Safety (ZAFES) and
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45
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Chan JYH, Wu CHY, Tsai CY, Cheng HL, Dai KY, Chan SHH, Chang AYW. Transcriptional up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase II by nuclear factor-kappaB at rostral ventrolateral medulla in a rat mevinphos intoxication model of brain stem death. J Physiol 2007; 581:1293-307. [PMID: 17395621 PMCID: PMC2170851 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.130872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the origin of a 'life-and-death' signal that reflects central cardiovascular regulatory failure during brain stem death, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a suitable neural substrate for mechanistic delineation of this vital phenomenon. Using a clinically relevant animal model that employed the organophosphate pesticide mevinphos (Mev) as the experimental insult, we evaluated the hypothesis that transcriptional up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase I or II (NOS I or II) gene expression by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) on activation of muscarinic receptors in the RVLM underlies brain stem death. In Sprague-Dawley rats maintained under propofol anaesthesia, co-microinjection of muscarinic M2R (methoctramine) or M4R (tropicamide), but not M1R (pirenzepine) or M3R (4-diphenylacetoxy-N-dimethylpiperidinium) antagonist significantly reduced the enhanced NOS I-protein kinase G signalling ('pro-life' phase) or augmented NOS II-peroxynitrite cascade ('pro-death' phase) in ventrolateral medulla, blunted the biphasic increase and decrease in baroreceptor reflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone that reflect the transition from life to death, and diminished the elevated DNA binding activity or nucleus-bound translocation of NF-kappaB in RVLM neurons induced by microinjection of Mev into the bilateral RVLM. However, NF-kappaB inhibitors (diethyldithiocarbamate or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) or double-stranded kappaB decoy DNA preferentially antagonized the augmented NOS II-peroxynitrite cascade and the associated cardiovascular depression exhibited during the 'pro-death' phase. We conclude that transcriptional up-regulation of NOS II gene expression by activation of NF-kappaB on selective stimulation of muscarinic M2 or M4 subtype receptors in the RVLM underlies the elicited cardiovascular depression during the 'pro-death' phase in our Mev intoxication model of brain stem death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, and Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Republic of China
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46
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Soares R, Azevedo I. Inhibition of S1P by polyphenols prevents inflammation and angiogenesis: NFkappaB, a downstream effector? Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 42:311. [PMID: 17189836 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Ho G, Wang Y, Jones PG, Young KH. Activation of serum response element by D2 dopamine receptor is governed by Gbetagamma-mediated MAPK and Rho pathways and regulated by RGS proteins. Pharmacology 2006; 79:114-21. [PMID: 17179741 DOI: 10.1159/000098097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the activation of the serum response element (SRE) by the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) agonist quinpirole. Stimulation of CHO cells expressing the D2R by quinpirol evoked a dose-dependent SRE activation, which was completely blocked by overnight treatment of pertussis toxin or by co-expression of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase C-terminus, implicating the involvement of Galpha(i )and Gbetagamma in the signal transduction. Furthermore, using MEK inhibitors and dominant negative mutants of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, we showed that the Gbetagamma-mediated activation of the SRE in CHO cells utilizes both MAPK and Rho pathways. Expression of either regulator of G protein signaling 2 or 4 (RGS2 or RGS4) proteins significantly attenuated the quinpirole-induced SRE activation. These results delineate the signaling pathways which couple D2 receptor to the transcriptional activation of SRE and demonstrate a modulatory role for RGS proteins in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyu Ho
- Wyeth Neuroscience Research, Wyeth Research, Princeton, N.J., USA
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48
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Kimura T, Tomura H, Mogi C, Kuwabara A, Damirin A, Ishizuka T, Sekiguchi A, Ishiwara M, Im DS, Sato K, Murakami M, Okajima F. Role of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors in High Density Lipoprotein-induced Inhibition of Adhesion Molecule Expression in Endothelial Cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:37457-67. [PMID: 17046831 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605823200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the molecular mechanisms by which high density lipoprotein (HDL) inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha in endothelial cells. HDL inhibited S1P-induced nuclear factor kappaB activation and adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The inhibitory HDL actions were associated with nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) activation and were reversed by inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NOS. The HDL-induced inhibitory actions were also attenuated by the down-regulation of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and its associated protein PDZK1. When TNFalpha was used as a stimulant, the HDL-induced NOS activation and the inhibitory action on adhesion molecule expression were, in part, attenuated by the down-regulation of the expression of S1P receptors, especially S1P(1), in addition to SR-BI. Reconstituted HDL composed mainly of apolipoprotein A-I and phosphatidylcholine mimicked the SR-BI-sensitive part of HDL-induced actions. Down-regulation of S1P(3) receptors severely suppressed the stimulatory actions of S1P. Although G(i/o) proteins may play roles in either stimulatory or inhibitory S1P actions, as judged from pertussis toxin sensitivity, the coupling of S1P(3) receptors to G(12/13) proteins may be critical to distinguish the stimulatory pathways from the inhibitory ones. In conclusion, even though S1P alone stimulates adhesion molecule expression, HDL overcomes S1P(3) receptor-mediated stimulatory actions through SR-BI/PDZK1-mediated signaling pathways involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and NOS. In addition, the S1P component of HDL plays a role in the inhibition of TNFalpha-induced actions through S1P receptors, especially S1P(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kimura
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
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49
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Ki SH, Choi MJ, Lee CH, Kim SG. Galpha12 specifically regulates COX-2 induction by sphingosine 1-phosphate. Role for JNK-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of IkappaBalpha. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:1938-47. [PMID: 17098744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606080200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a critical role in vasodilatation and local inflammatory responses during platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid released from activated platelets, stimulates COX-2 induction and activates G-protein-coupled receptors coupled to Galpha family members. In this study, we investigated whether Galpha(12) family regulates COX-2 induction by S1P and investigated the molecular basis of this COX-2 regulation. Gene knock-out and chemical inhibitor experiments revealed that the S1P induction of COX-2 requires Galpha(12) but not Galpha(13), Galpha(q), or Galpha(i/o). The specific role of Galpha(12) in COX-2 induction by S1P was verified by promoter luciferase assay, Galpha(12) transfection, and knockdown experiments. Experiments using siRNAs specifically directed against S1P(1-5) showed that S1P(1), S1P(3), and S1P(5) are necessary for the full activation of COX-2 induction. Gel shift, immunocytochemistry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and NF-kappaB site mutation analyses revealed the role of NF-kappaBin COX-2 gene transcription by S1P. Galpha(12) deficiency did not affect S1P-mediated IkappaBalpha phosphorylation but abrogated IkappaBalpha ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, the inhibition of S1P activation of JNK abolished IkappaBalpha ubiquitination. Consistently, JNK transfection restored the ability of S1P to degrade IkappaBalpha during Galpha(12) deficiency. S1P injection induced COX-2 in the lungs and livers of mice and increased plasma prostaglandin E(2), and these effects were prevented by Galpha(12) deficiency. Our data indicate that, of the Galpha proteins coupled to S1P receptors, Galpha(12) specifically regulates NF-kappaB-mediated COX-2 induction by S1P downstream of S1P(1), S1P(3), and S1P(5), in a process mediated by the JNK-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of IkappaBalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Ki
- National Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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50
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Hsieh HL, Wu CB, Sun CC, Liao CH, Lau YT, Yang CM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces COX-2 expression via PI3K/Akt and p42/p44 MAPK pathways in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2006; 207:757-66. [PMID: 16508949 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to regulate smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and vascular maturation. S1P increases the expression of several proteins including COX-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and contributes to arteriosclerosis. However, the mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression by S1P in VSMCs remain unclear. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses showed that S1P induced the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, which was attenuated by inhibitors of MEK1/2 (U0126) and PI3K (wortmannin), and transfection with dominant negative mutants of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK2) or Akt. These results suggested that both p42/p44 MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways participated in COX-2 expression induced by S1P in VSMCs. In accordance with these findings, S1P stimulated phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK and Akt, which was attenuated by U0126, LY294002, or wortmannin, respectively. Furthermore, this up-regulation of COX-2 mRNA and protein was blocked by a selective NF-kappaB inhibitor helenalin. Consistently, S1P-stimulated translocation of NF-kappaB into the nucleus was revealed by immnofluorescence staining. Moreover, S1P-stimulated activation of NF-kappaB promoter activity was blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and helenalin, but not by U0126, suggesting that involvement of PI3K/Akt in the activation of NF-kappaB. COX-2 promoter assay showed that S1P induced COX-2 promoter activity mediated through p42/p44 MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-kappaB. These results suggested that in VSMCs, activation of p42/p44 MAPK, Akt and NF-kappaB pathways was essential for S1P-induced COX-2 gene expression. Understanding the mechanisms involved in S1P-induced COX-2 expression on VSMCs may provide potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of arteriosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Butadienes/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Lysophospholipids/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Transport
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
- Sphingosine/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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