1
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Mathiowetz AJ, Meymand ES, Deol KK, Parlakgül G, Lange M, Pang SP, Roberts MA, Torres EF, Jorgens DM, Zalpuri R, Kang M, Boone C, Zhang Y, Morgens DW, Tso E, Zhou Y, Talukdar S, Levine TP, Ku G, Arruda AP, Olzmann JA. CLCC1 promotes hepatic neutral lipid flux and nuclear pore complex assembly. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597858. [PMID: 38895340 PMCID: PMC11185754 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Imbalances in lipid storage and secretion lead to the accumulation of hepatocyte lipid droplets (LDs) (i.e., hepatic steatosis). Our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the channeling of hepatocyte neutral lipids towards cytosolic LDs or secreted lipoproteins remains incomplete. Here, we performed a series of CRISPR-Cas9 screens under different metabolic states to uncover mechanisms of hepatic neutral lipid flux. Clustering of chemical-genetic interactions identified CLIC-like chloride channel 1 (CLCC1) as a critical regulator of neutral lipid storage and secretion. Loss of CLCC1 resulted in the buildup of large LDs in hepatoma cells and knockout in mice caused liver steatosis. Remarkably, the LDs are in the lumen of the ER and exhibit properties of lipoproteins, indicating a profound shift in neutral lipid flux. Finally, remote homology searches identified a domain in CLCC1 that is homologous to yeast Brl1p and Brr6p, factors that promote the fusion of the inner and outer nuclear envelopes during nuclear pore complex assembly. Loss of CLCC1 lead to extensive nuclear membrane herniations, consistent with impaired nuclear pore complex assembly. Thus, we identify CLCC1 as the human Brl1p/Brr6p homolog and propose that CLCC1-mediated membrane remodeling promotes hepatic neutral lipid flux and nuclear pore complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Mathiowetz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emily S. Meymand
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirandeep K. Deol
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Güneş Parlakgül
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mike Lange
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephany P. Pang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa A. Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emily F. Torres
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Danielle M. Jorgens
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Reena Zalpuri
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Misun Kang
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Casadora Boone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yaohuan Zhang
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David W. Morgens
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emily Tso
- Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Tim P. Levine
- University College London InsYtute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Gregory Ku
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ana Paula Arruda
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James A. Olzmann
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of NutriYonal Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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2
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Guo L, Mao Q, He J, Liu X, Piao X, Luo L, Hao X, Yu H, Song Q, Xiao B, Fan D, Gao Z, Jia Y. Disruption of ER ion homeostasis maintained by an ER anion channel CLCC1 contributes to ALS-like pathologies. Cell Res 2023; 33:497-515. [PMID: 37142673 PMCID: PMC10313822 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00798-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although anion channel activities have been demonstrated in sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER), their molecular identities and functions remain unclear. Here, we link rare variants of Chloride Channel CLIC Like 1 (CLCC1) to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like pathologies. We demonstrate that CLCC1 is a pore-forming component of an ER anion channel and that ALS-associated mutations impair channel conductance. CLCC1 forms homomultimers and its channel activity is inhibited by luminal Ca2+ but facilitated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). We identified conserved residues D25 and D181 in CLCC1 N-terminus responsible for Ca2+ binding and luminal Ca2+-mediated inhibition on channel open probability and K298 in CLCC1 intraluminal loop as the critical PIP2-sensing residue. CLCC1 maintains steady-state [Cl-]ER and [K+]ER and ER morphology and regulates ER Ca2+ homeostasis, including internal Ca2+ release and steady-state [Ca2+]ER. ALS-associated mutant forms of CLCC1 increase steady-state [Cl-]ER and impair ER Ca2+ homeostasis, and animals with the ALS-associated mutations are sensitized to stress challenge-induced protein misfolding. Phenotypic comparisons of multiple Clcc1 loss-of-function alleles, including ALS-associated mutations, reveal a CLCC1 dosage dependence in the severity of disease phenotypes in vivo. Similar to CLCC1 rare variations dominant in ALS, 10% of K298A heterozygous mice developed ALS-like symptoms, pointing to a mechanism of channelopathy dominant-negatively induced by a loss-of-function mutation. Conditional knockout of Clcc1 cell-autonomously causes motor neuron loss and ER stress, misfolded protein accumulation, and characteristic ALS pathologies in the spinal cord. Thus, our findings support that disruption of ER ion homeostasis maintained by CLCC1 contributes to ALS-like pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionglei Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia and Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Piao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia and Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanzhi Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Song
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bailong Xiao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia and Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yichang Jia
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Beijing, China.
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3
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Bianchi L. Identity revealed for a long-sought ER anion channel. Cell Res 2023; 33:487-488. [PMID: 37142672 PMCID: PMC10313801 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bianchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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4
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Gonzalez-Garcia P, Fiorillo Moreno O, Zarate Peñata E, Calderon-Villalba A, Pacheco Lugo L, Acosta Hoyos A, Villarreal Camacho JL, Navarro Quiroz R, Pacheco Londoño L, Aroca Martinez G, Moares N, Gabucio A, Fernandez-Ponce C, Garcia-Cozar F, Navarro Quiroz E. From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098290. [PMID: 37175995 PMCID: PMC10179575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given the molecular diversity characteristic of each cellular phenotype, the possible cytopathic, tissue and clinical effects are difficult to predict, which determines the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various cell types, focusing on the development of COVID-19, which in turn may lead, in some patients, to a persistence of symptoms after recovery from the disease, a condition known as long COVID. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations in protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and immune responses. In particular, the article highlights the potential impact of these cytopathies on cellular function and clinical outcomes, such as immune dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and organ damage. The article concludes by discussing future directions for research and implications for the management and treatment of COVID-19 and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ornella Fiorillo Moreno
- Clínica Iberoamerica, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Eloina Zarate Peñata
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Lisandro Pacheco Lugo
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta Hoyos
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | - Roberto Navarro Quiroz
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Aroca Martinez
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Noelia Moares
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Gabucio
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Garcia-Cozar
- Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simon Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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5
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Gruner HN, Zhang Y, Shariati K, Yiv N, Hu Z, Wang Y, Hejtmancik JF, McManus MT, Tharp K, Ku G. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3A interacts with the Clic-like chloride channel-1 ( CLCC1) and triggers an unfolded protein response. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15077. [PMID: 37033725 PMCID: PMC10078464 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and host cell machinery may reveal new targets to treat COVID-19. We focused on an interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 ORF3A accessory protein and the CLIC-like chloride channel-1 (CLCC1). We found that ORF3A partially co-localized with CLCC1 and that ORF3A and CLCC1 could be co-immunoprecipitated. Since CLCC1 plays a role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), we hypothesized that ORF3A may also play a role in the UPR. Indeed, ORF3A expression triggered a transcriptional UPR that was similar to knockdown of CLCC1. ORF3A expression in 293T cells induced cell death and this was rescued by the chemical chaperone taurodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Cells with CLCC1 knockdown were partially protected from ORF3A-mediated cell death. CLCC1 knockdown upregulated several of the homeostatic UPR targets induced by ORF3A expression, including HSPA6 and spliced XBP1, and these were not further upregulated by ORF3A. Our data suggest a model where CLCC1 silencing triggers a homeostatic UPR that prevents cell death due to ORF3A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N. Gruner
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Yaohuan Zhang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Yiv
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Michael T. McManus
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Ku
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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6
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Ma Y, Wang X, Shoshany N, Jiao X, Lee A, Ku G, Baple EL, Fasham J, Nadeem R, Naeem MA, Riazuddin S, Riazuddin SA, Crosby AH, Hejtmancik JF. CLCC1 c. 75C>A Mutation in Pakistani Derived Retinitis Pigmentosa Families Likely Originated With a Single Founder Mutation 2,000-5,000 Years Ago. Front Genet 2022; 13:804924. [PMID: 35391798 PMCID: PMC8980549 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.804924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A CLCC1 c. 75C > A (p.D25E) mutation has been associated with autosomal recessive pigmentosa in patients in and from Pakistan. CLCC1 is ubiquitously expressed, and knockout models of this gene in zebrafish and mice are lethal in the embryonic period, suggesting that possible retinitis pigmentosa mutations in this gene might be limited to those leaving partial activity. In agreement with this hypothesis, the mutation is the only CLCC1 mutation associated with retinitis pigmentosa to date, and all identified patients with this mutation share a common SNP haplotype surrounding the mutation, suggesting a common founder. Methods: SNPs were genotyped by a combination of WGS and Sanger sequencing. The original founder haplotype, and recombination pathways were delineated by examination to minimize recombination events. Mutation age was estimated by four methods including an explicit solution, an iterative approach, a Bayesian approach and an approach based solely on ancestral segment lengths using high density SNP data. Results: All members of each of the nine families studied shared a single autozygous SNP haplotype for the CLCC1 region ranging from approximately 1–3.5 Mb in size. The haplotypes shared by the families could be derived from a single putative ancestral haplotype with at most two recombination events. Based on the haplotype and Gamma analysis, the estimated age of the founding mutation varied from 79 to 196 generations, or approximately 2,000–5,000 years, depending on the markers used in the estimate. The DMLE (Bayesian) estimates ranged from 2,160 generations assuming a population growth rate of 0–309 generations assuming a population growth rate of 2% with broad 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: These results provide insight into the origin of the CLCC1 mutation in the Pakistan population. This mutation is estimated to have occurred 2000–5,000 years ago and has been transmitted to affected families of Pakistani origin in geographically dispersed locations around the world. This is the only mutation in CLCC1 identified to date, suggesting that the CLCC1 gene is under a high degree of constraint, probably imposed by functional requirements for this gene during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xun Wang
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nadav Shoshany
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetic Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zeriffin, Israel
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adrian Lee
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gregory Ku
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emma L Baple
- Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - James Fasham
- Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Raheela Nadeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Zhang M, Li B, Liu Y, Tang R, Lang Y, Huang Q, He J. Different Modes of Low-Frequency Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Attenuation of Epilepsy Based on the Topological Theory. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12081001. [PMID: 34442623 PMCID: PMC8399944 DOI: 10.3390/mi12081001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is common brain dysfunction, where abnormal synchronized activities can be observed across multiple brain regions. Low-frequency focused pulsed ultrasound has been proven to modulate the epileptic brain network. In this study, we used two modes of low-intensity focused ultrasound (pulsed-wave and continuous-wave) to sonicate the brains of KA-induced epileptic rats, analyzed the EEG functional brain connections to explore their respective effect on the epileptic brain network, and discuss the mechanism of ultrasound neuromodulation. By comparing the brain network characteristics before and after sonication, we found that two modes of ultrasound both significantly affected the functional brain network, especially in the low-frequency band below 12 Hz. After two modes of sonication, the power spectral density of the EEG signals and the connection strength of the brain network were significantly reduced, but there was no significant difference between the two modes. Our results indicated that the ultrasound neuromodulation could effectively regulate the epileptic brain connections. The ultrasound-mediated attenuation of epilepsy was independent of modes of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Bo Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Yafei Liu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Rongyu Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiran Lang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (R.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jiping He
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (M.Z.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-68917396
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8
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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Wulff T, Voldborg BG, Altamirano C, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Compartmentalized Proteomic Profiling Outlines the Crucial Role of the Classical Secretory Pathway during Recombinant Protein Production in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12439-12458. [PMID: 34056395 PMCID: PMC8154153 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Different cellular processes that contribute to protein production in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been previously investigated by proteomics. However, although the classical secretory pathway (CSP) has been well documented as a bottleneck during recombinant protein (RP) production, it has not been well represented in previous proteomic studies. Hence, the significance of this pathway for production of RP was assessed by identifying its own proteins that were associated to changes in RP production, through subcellular fractionation coupled to shot-gun proteomics. Two CHO cell lines producing a monoclonal antibody with different specific productivities were used as cellular models, from which 4952 protein groups were identified, which represent a coverage of 59% of the Chinese hamster proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021014. By using SAM and ROTS algorithms, 493 proteins were classified as differentially expressed, of which about 80% was proposed as novel targets and one-third were assigned to the CSP. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response, calcium homeostasis, vesicle traffic, glycosylation, autophagy, proteasomal activity, protein synthesis and translocation into ER lumen, and secretion of extracellular matrix components were some of the affected processes that occurred in the secretory pathway. Processes from other cellular compartments, such as DNA replication, transcription, cytoskeleton organization, signaling, and metabolism, were also modified. This study gives new insights into the molecular traits of higher producer cells and provides novel targets for development of new sub-lines with improved phenotypes for RP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumel Pérez-Rodriguez
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Tune Wulff
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Bjørn G. Voldborg
- The
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Laboratorio
de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2085 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa
de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas,
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 Ciudad de
México, México
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9
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Appelman MD, Robin MJ, Vogels EW, Wolzak C, Vos WG, Vos HR, Van Es RM, Burgering BM, Van de Graaf SF. The Lipid Raft Component Stomatin Interacts with the Na + Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and Modulates Bile Salt Uptake. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040986. [PMID: 32316189 PMCID: PMC7226988 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, where it mediates the uptake of conjugated bile acids and forms the hepatocyte entry receptor for the hepatitis B and D virus. Here, we aimed to identify novel protein–protein interactions that could play a role in the regulation of NTCP. To this end, NTCP was precipitated from HA-tagged hNTCP-expressing HepG2 cells, and chloride channel CLIC-like 1 (CLCC1) and stomatin were identified as interacting proteins by mass spectrometry. Interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. NTCP, CLCC1 and stomatin were found at the plasma membrane in lipid rafts, as demonstrated by a combination of immunofluorescence, cell surface biotinylation and isolation of detergent-resistant membranes. Neither CLCC1 overexpression nor its knockdown had an effect on NTCP function. However, both stomatin overexpression and knockdown increased NTCP-mediated taurocholate uptake while NTCP abundance at the plasma membrane was only increased in stomatin depleted cells. These findings identify stomatin as an interactor of NTCP and show that the interaction modulates bile salt transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique D. Appelman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J.D. Robin
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther W.M. Vogels
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christie Wolzak
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winnie G. Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R. Vos
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M. Van Es
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M.T. Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. Van de Graaf
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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10
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Abstract
Maintenance of the main Golgi functions, glycosylation and sorting, is dependent on the unique Golgi pH microenvironment that is thought to be set by the balance between the rates of V-ATPase-mediated proton pumping and its leakage back to the cytoplasm via an unknown pathway. The concentration of other ions, such as chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese, is also important for Golgi homeostasis and dependent on the transport activity of other ion transporters present in the Golgi membranes. During the last decade, several new disorders have been identified that are caused by, or are associated with, dysregulated Golgi pH and ion homeostasis. Here, we will provide an updated overview on these disorders and the proteins involved. We will also discuss other disorders for which the molecular defects remain currently uncertain but which potentially involve proteins that regulate Golgi pH or ion homeostasis.
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11
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Chu Q, Martinez TF, Novak SW, Donaldson CJ, Tan D, Vaughan JM, Chang T, Diedrich JK, Andrade L, Kim A, Zhang T, Manor U, Saghatelian A. Regulation of the ER stress response by a mitochondrial microprotein. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4883. [PMID: 31653868 PMCID: PMC6814811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis relies on having dedicated and coordinated responses to a variety of stresses. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a common stress that triggers a conserved pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR) that mitigates damage, and dysregulation of UPR underlies several debilitating diseases. Here, we discover that a previously uncharacterized 54-amino acid microprotein PIGBOS regulates UPR. PIGBOS localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane where it interacts with the ER protein CLCC1 at ER–mitochondria contact sites. Functional studies reveal that the loss of PIGBOS leads to heightened UPR and increased cell death. The characterization of PIGBOS reveals an undiscovered role for a mitochondrial protein, in this case a microprotein, in the regulation of UPR originating in the ER. This study demonstrates microproteins to be an unappreciated class of genes that are critical for inter-organelle communication, homeostasis, and cell survival. Cells trigger an unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum, but its regulation by mitochondria is unclear. Here, the authors report a 54-residue microprotein PIGBOS that participates in inter-organelle contact between the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria and may regulate UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas F Martinez
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sammy Weiser Novak
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Cynthia J Donaldson
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dan Tan
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joan M Vaughan
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tina Chang
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Leo Andrade
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Kim
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, 10010N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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12
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Khayat W, Hackett A, Shaw M, Ilie A, Dudding-Byth T, Kalscheuer VM, Christie L, Corbett MA, Juusola J, Friend KL, Kirmse BM, Gecz J, Field M, Orlowski J. A recurrent missense variant in SLC9A7 causes nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability with alteration of Golgi acidification and aberrant glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:598-614. [PMID: 30335141 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two unrelated families with multigenerational nonsyndromic intellectual disability (ID) segregating with a recurrent de novo missense variant (c.1543C>T:p.Leu515Phe) in the alkali cation/proton exchanger gene SLC9A7 (also commonly referred to as NHE7). SLC9A7 is located on human X chromosome at Xp11.3 and has not yet been associated with a human phenotype. The gene is widely transcribed, but especially abundant in brain, skeletal muscle and various secretory tissues. Within cells, SLC9A7 resides in the Golgi apparatus, with prominent enrichment in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and post-Golgi vesicles. In transfected Chinese hamster ovary AP-1 cells, the Leu515Phe mutant protein was correctly targeted to the TGN/post-Golgi vesicles, but its N-linked oligosaccharide maturation as well as that of a co-transfected secretory membrane glycoprotein, vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSVG) glycoprotein, was reduced compared to cells co-expressing SLC9A7 wild-type and VSVG. This correlated with alkalinization of the TGN/post-Golgi compartments, suggestive of a gain-of-function. Membrane trafficking of glycosylation-deficient Leu515Phe and co-transfected VSVG to the cell surface, however, was relatively unaffected. Mass spectrometry analysis of patient sera also revealed an abnormal N-glycosylation profile for transferrin, a clinical diagnostic marker for congenital disorders of glycosylation. These data implicate a crucial role for SLC9A7 in the regulation of TGN/post-Golgi pH homeostasis and glycosylation of exported cargo, which may underlie the cellular pathophysiology and neurodevelopmental deficits associated with this particular nonsyndromic form of X-linked ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujood Khayat
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anna Hackett
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Shaw
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alina Ilie
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tracy Dudding-Byth
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Louise Christie
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Corbett
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Kathryn L Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian M Kirmse
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - John Orlowski
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Kellokumpu S. Golgi pH, Ion and Redox Homeostasis: How Much Do They Really Matter? Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:93. [PMID: 31263697 PMCID: PMC6584808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytic and endocytic compartments each have their own unique luminal ion and pH environment that is important for their normal functioning. A failure to maintain this environment - the loss of homeostasis - is not uncommon. In the worst case, all the main Golgi functions, including glycosylation, membrane trafficking and protein sorting, can be perturbed. Several factors contribute to Golgi homeostasis. These include not only ions such as H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, but also Golgi redox state and nitric oxide (NO) levels, both of which are dependent on the oxygen levels in the cells. Changes to any one of these factors have consequences on Golgi functions, the nature of which can be dissimilar or similar depending upon the defects themselves. For example, altered Golgi pH homeostasis gives rise to Cutis laxa disease, in which glycosylation and membrane trafficking are both affected, while altered Ca2+ homeostasis due to the mutated SCPA1 gene in Hailey-Hailey disease, perturbs various protein sorting, proteolytic cleavage and membrane trafficking events in the Golgi. This review gives an overview of the molecular machineries involved in the maintenance of Golgi ion, pH and redox homeostasis, followed by a discussion of the organelle dysfunction and disease that frequently result from their breakdown. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are discussed only when they contribute directly to Golgi pH, ion or redox homeostasis. Current evidence emphasizes that, rather than being mere supporting factors, Golgi pH, ion and redox homeostasis are in fact key players that orchestrate and maintain all Golgi functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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14
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Elbeltagy AR, Bertolini F, Fleming DS, Van Goor A, Ashwell CM, Schmidt CJ, Kugonza DR, Lamont SJ, Rothschild MF. Natural Selection Footprints Among African Chicken Breeds and Village Ecotypes. Front Genet 2019; 10:376. [PMID: 31139205 PMCID: PMC6518202 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection is likely a major factor in shaping genomic variation of the African indigenous rural chicken, driving the development of genetic footprints. Selection footprints are expected to be associated with adaptation to locally prevailing environmental stressors, which may include diverse factors as high altitude, disease resistance, poor nutrition, oxidative and heat stresses. To determine the existence of a selection footprint, 268 birds were randomly sampled from three indigenous ecotypes from East Africa (Rwanda and Uganda) and North Africa (Baladi), and two registered Egyptian breeds (Dandarawi and Fayoumi). Samples were genotyped using the chicken Affymetrix 600K Axiom® Array. A total of 494,332 SNPs were utilized in the downstream analysis after implementing quality control measures. The intra-population runs of homozygosity (ROH) that occurred in >50% of individuals of an ecotype or in >75% of a breed were studied. To identify inter-population differentiation due to genetic structure, FST was calculated for North- vs. East-African populations and Baladi and Fayoumi vs. Dandarawi for overlapping windows (500 kb with a step-size of 250 kb). The ROH and FST mapping detected several selective sweeps on different autosomes. Results reflected selection footprints of the environmental stresses, breed behavior, and management. Intra-population ROH of the Egyptian chickens showed selection footprints bearing genes for adaptation to heat, solar radiation, ion transport and immunity. The high-altitude-adapted East-African populations' ROH showed a selection signature with genes for angiogenesis, oxygen-heme binding and transport. The neuroglobin gene (GO:0019825 and GO:0015671) was detected on a Chromosome 5 ROH of Rwanda-Uganda ecotypes. The sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, SLC6A2 on a Chromosome 11 ROH in Fayoumi breed may reflect its active behavior. Inter-population FST among Egyptian populations reflected genetic mechanisms for the Fayoumi resistance to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), while FST between Egyptian and Rwanda-Uganda populations indicated the Secreted frizzled related protein 2, SFRP2, (GO:0009314) on Chromosome 4, that contributes to melanogenic activity and most likely enhances the Dandarawi chicken adaptation to high-intensity of solar radiation in Southern Egypt. These results enhance our understanding of the natural selection forces role in shaping genomic structure for adaptation to the stressful African conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Elbeltagy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Production Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Damarius S Fleming
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Institute of Food Production and Sustainability, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chris M Ashwell
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Carl J Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Donald R Kugonza
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Max F Rothschild
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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15
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Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Kietzmann T. Hypoxia and Reactive Oxygen Species as Modulators of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:113-137. [PMID: 29717631 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Eukaryotic cells execute various functions in subcellular compartments or organelles for which cellular redox homeostasis is of importance. Apart from mitochondria, hypoxia and stress-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GA) functions. Recent Advances: Research during the last decade has improved our understanding of disulfide bond formation, protein glycosylation and secretion, as well as pH and redox homeostasis in the ER and GA. Thus, oxygen (O2) itself, NADPH oxidase (NOX) formed ROS, and pH changes appear to be of importance and indicate the intricate balance of intercompartmental communication. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the interplay between hypoxia, ER stress, and Golgi function is evident, the existence of more than 20 protein disulfide isomerase family members and the relative mild phenotypes of, for example, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1)- and NOX4-knockout mice clearly suggest the existence of redundant and alternative pathways, which remain largely elusive. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of these pathways and the key players involved in intercompartmental communication needs suitable animal models, genome-wide association, as well as proteomic studies in humans. The results of those studies will be beneficial for the understanding of the etiology of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, which are associated with ROS, protein aggregation, and glycosylation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
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16
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Li L, Jiao X, D’Atri I, Ono F, Nelson R, Chan CC, Nakaya N, Ma Z, Ma Y, Cai X, Zhang L, Lin S, Hameed A, Chioza BA, Hardy H, Arno G, Hull S, Khan MI, Fasham J, Harlalka GV, Michaelides M, Moore AT, Coban Akdemir ZH, Jhangiani S, Lupski JR, Cremers FPM, Qamar R, Salman A, Chilton J, Self J, Ayyagari R, Kabir F, Naeem MA, Ali M, Akram J, Sieving PA, Riazuddin S, Baple EL, Riazuddin SA, Crosby AH, Hejtmancik JF. Mutation in the intracellular chloride channel CLCC1 associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007504. [PMID: 30157172 PMCID: PMC6133373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified a homozygous missense alteration (c.75C>A, p.D25E) in CLCC1, encoding a presumptive intracellular chloride channel highly expressed in the retina, associated with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) in eight consanguineous families of Pakistani descent. The p.D25E alteration decreased CLCC1 channel function accompanied by accumulation of mutant protein in granules within the ER lumen, while siRNA knockdown of CLCC1 mRNA induced apoptosis in cultured ARPE-19 cells. TALEN KO in zebrafish was lethal 11 days post fertilization. The depressed electroretinogram (ERG) cone response and cone spectral sensitivity of 5 dpf KO zebrafish and reduced eye size, retinal thickness, and expression of rod and cone opsins could be rescued by injection of wild type CLCC1 mRNA. Clcc1+/- KO mice showed decreased ERGs and photoreceptor number. Together these results strongly suggest that intracellular chloride transport by CLCC1 is a critical process in maintaining retinal integrity, and CLCC1 is crucial for survival and function of retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ilaria D’Atri
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Fumihito Ono
- Section on Model Synaptic Systems, Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Ralph Nelson
- Unit on Neural Circuits, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Section of Molecular Mechanisms of Glaucoma, Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhiwei Ma
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yan Ma
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Siying Lin
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Hameed
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Barry A. Chioza
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Hardy
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Arno
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hull
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - James Fasham
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav V. Harlalka
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony T. Moore
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Ophthalmology Department, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zeynep Hande Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shalini Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Frans P. M. Cremers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Salman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Chilton
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Self
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Radha Ayyagari
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Firoz Kabir
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Javed Akram
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Paul A. Sieving
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- National Centre for Genetic Diseases, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Emma L. Baple
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - S. Amer Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Crosby
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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17
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Abstract
Folding of transmembrane and secretory proteins occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before transportation to the cell surface and is monitored by the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway. The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER activates the UPR that restores ER homeostasis by regulating gene expression that leads to an increase in the protein-folding capacity of the ER and a decrease in the ER protein-folding load. However, prolonged UPR activity has been associated with cell death in multiple pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration. Here, we report a spontaneous recessive mouse mutation that causes progressive cerebellar granule cell death and peripheral motor axon degeneration. By positional cloning, we identify the mutation in this strain as a retrotransposon insertion in the Clcc1 gene, which encodes a putative chloride channel localized to the ER. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the C3H/HeSnJ inbred strain has late onset cerebellar degeneration due to this mutation. Interestingly, acute knockdown of Clcc1 expression in cultured cells increases sensitivity to ER stress. In agreement, GRP78, the major HSP70 family chaperone in the ER, is upregulated in Clcc1-deficient granule cells in vivo, and ubiquitinated proteins accumulate in these neurons before their degeneration. These data suggest that disruption of chloride homeostasis in the ER disrupts the protein-folding capacity of the ER, leading to eventual neuron death.
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Falola MI, Wiener HW, Wineinger NE, Cutter GR, Kimberly RP, Edberg JC, Arnett DK, Kaslow RA, Tang J, Shrestha S. Genomic copy number variants: evidence for association with antibody response to anthrax vaccine adsorbed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64813. [PMID: 23741398 PMCID: PMC3669407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anthrax and its etiologic agent remain a biological threat. Anthrax vaccine is highly effective, but vaccine-induced IgG antibody responses vary widely following required doses of vaccinations. Such variation can be related to genetic factors, especially genomic copy number variants (CNVs) that are known to be enriched among genes with immunologic function. We have tested this hypothesis in two study populations from a clinical trial of anthrax vaccination. Methods We performed CNV-based genome-wide association analyses separately on 794 European Americans and 200 African-Americans. Antibodies to protective antigen were measured at week 8 (early response) and week 30 (peak response) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used DNA microarray data (Affymetrix 6.0) and two CNV detection algorithms, hidden markov model (PennCNV) and circular binary segmentation (GeneSpring) to determine CNVs in all individuals. Multivariable regression analyses were used to identify CNV-specific associations after adjusting for relevant non-genetic covariates. Results Within the 22 autosomal chromosomes, 2,943 non-overlapping CNV regions were detected by both algorithms. Genomic insertions containing HLA-DRB5, DRB1 and DQA1/DRA genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (chromosome 6p21.3) were moderately associated with elevated early antibody response (β = 0.14, p = 1.78×10−3) among European Americans, and the strongest association was observed between peak antibody response and a segmental insertion on chromosome 1, containing NBPF4, NBPF5, STXMP3, CLCC1, and GPSM2 genes (β = 1.66, p = 6.06×10−5). For African-Americans, segmental deletions spanning PRR20, PCDH17 and PCH68 genes on chromosome 13 were associated with elevated early antibody production (β = 0.18, p = 4.47×10−5). Population-specific findings aside, one genomic insertion on chromosome 17 (containing NSF, ARL17 and LRRC37A genes) was associated with elevated peak antibody response in both populations. Conclusion Multiple CNV regions, including the one consisting of MHC genes that is consistent with earlier research, can be important to humoral immune responses to anthrax vaccine adsorbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Falola
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Wineinger
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Kimberly
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Edberg
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Kaslow
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Luminal acidification is of pivotal importance for the physiology of the secretory and endocytic pathways and its diverse trafficking events. Acidification by the proton-pumping V-ATPase requires charge compensation by counterion currents that are commonly attributed to chloride. The molecular identification of intracellular chloride transporters and the improvement of methodologies for measuring intraorganellar pH and chloride have facilitated the investigation of the physiology of vesicular chloride transport. New data question the requirement of chloride for pH regulation of various organelles and furthermore ascribe functions to chloride that are beyond merely electrically shunting the proton pump. This review surveys the currently established and proposed intracellular chloride transporters and gives an overview of membrane-trafficking steps that are affected by the perturbation of chloride transport. Finally, potential mechanisms of membrane-trafficking modulation by chloride are discussed and put into the context of organellar ion homeostasis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stauber
- Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
Most organelles within the exocytic and endocytic pathways typically acidify their interiors, a phenomenon that is known to be crucial for their optimal functioning in eukaryotic cells. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how Golgi acidity is maintained and regulated, and how its misregulation contributes to organelle dysfunction and disease. Both its biosynthetic products (glycans) and protein-sorting events are highly sensitive to changes in Golgi luminal pH and are affected in certain human disease states such as cancers and cutis laxa. Other potential disease states that are caused by, or are associated with, Golgi pH misregulation will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Rivinoja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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21
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Irvin MR, Shrestha S, Chen YDI, Wiener HW, Haritunians T, Vaughan LK, Tiwari HK, Taylor KD, Scherzer R, Saag MS, Grunfeld C, Rotter JI, Arnett DK. Genes linked to energy metabolism and immunoregulatory mechanisms are associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution in HIV-infected men. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2012; 21:798-807. [PMID: 21897333 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32834b68f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic studies may help explain abnormalities of fat distribution in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ARV). METHODS Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume measured by MRI in the leg, the lower trunk, the upper trunk, and the arm was examined in 192 HIV-infected White men, ARV-treated from the Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV infection study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assayed using the Illumina Human CNV370-quad beadchip. Multivariate and univariate genome-wide association analyses of the four SAT depots were implemented in PLINK software adjusted for age and ARV duration. Functional annotation analysis using Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis tool was carried out for markers with P lower than 10(-3) near known genes identified by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Loci (rs10504906, rs13267998, rs921231) in or near the anion exchanger solute carrier family 26, member 7 isoform a (SLC26A7) were strongly associated with the upper trunk and the arm SAT (9.8×10(-7) ≤P<7.8×10(-6)). Loci (rs193139, rs7523050, rs1761621) in and near a gene-rich region including G-protein-signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2) and syntaxin-binding protein 3 (STXBP3) were significantly associated with the lower body SAT depots (9.9×10(-7) ≤P<9.5×10(-6)). GPSM2 is associated with cell division and cancer whereas STXBP3 is associated with glucose metabolism in adipoctyes. Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis identified atherosclerosis, mitochondrial function, and T-cell-mediated apoptosis as processes related to SAT volume in HIV-infected individuals (P<5×10(-3)). CONCLUSION Our results are limited by the small sample size and replication is needed; however, this genomic scan uncovered new genes associated with metabolism and inflammatory pathways that may affect SAT volume in ARV-treated HIV-infected patients.
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22
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Ahmad A, Khundmiri SJ, Pribble F, Merchant ML, Ameen M, Klein JB, Levi M, Lederer ED. Role of vacuolar ATPase in the trafficking of renal type IIa sodium-phosphate cotransporter. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:703-14. [PMID: 21691088 DOI: 10.1159/000330079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Total body phosphate homeostasis is regulated by expression of type IIa sodium phosphate cotransporter (NpT2a) in the apical membrane (BBM) of renal proximal tubule cells. NpT2a expression is regulated by dietary phosphate and PTH but the mechanisms for trafficking of the protein are unknown. Based on 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy data that changes in dietary phosphate stimulated changes in BBM expression of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, we hypothesized that vacuolar H(+)-ATPase plays a significant role in regulation of NpT2a in opossum kidney (OK) cells, a model for renal proximal tubule transport. METHODS Role of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase was studied in opossum kidney (OK) cells by examining the effect of inhibition of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase on Pi uptake and NpT2a expression. RESULTS Pretreatment of OK cells with bafilomycin A(1) and concanamycin A, inhibitors of vacuolar H(+)-ATPases, blocked high phosphate- and PTH-induced degradation of NpT2a, but had no effect on high phosphate or PTH induced inhibition of sodium-dependent phosphate transport. Exposure of the cells to bafilomycin A(1) significantly decreased phosphate transport and apical membrane expression of NpT2a. Treatment with brefeldin A, an inhibitor of Golgi transport, decreased phosphate transport and apical membrane expression of NpT2a while treatment of cells with both brefeldin A and bafilomycin A(1) had no additive effect. CONCLUSION We conclude that vacuolar H(+)-ATPase plays a significant role in exocytosis of NpT2a into the apical membrane and in degradation of NpT2a but has no role in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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23
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Min BK, Bystritsky A, Jung KI, Fischer K, Zhang Y, Maeng LS, In Park S, Chung YA, Jolesz FA, Yoo SS. Focused ultrasound-mediated suppression of chemically-induced acute epileptic EEG activity. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:23. [PMID: 21375781 PMCID: PMC3061951 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, which is attributed to uncontrollable abnormal hyper-excitability of neurons. We investigated the feasibility of using low-intensity, pulsed radiation of focused ultrasound (FUS) to non-invasively suppress epileptic activity in an animal model (rat), which was induced by the intraperitonial injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). RESULTS After the onset of induced seizures, FUS was transcranially administered to the brain twice for three minutes each while undergoing electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. An air-backed, spherical segment ultrasound transducer (diameter: 6 cm; radius-of-curvature: 7 cm) operating at a fundamental frequency of 690 KHz was used to deliver a train of 0.5 msec-long pulses of sonication at a repetitive rate of 100 Hz to the thalamic areas of the brain. The acoustic intensity (130 mW/cm2) used in the experiment was sufficiently within the range of safety guidelines for the clinical ultrasound imaging. The occurrence of epileptic EEG bursts from epilepsy-induced rats significantly decreased after sonication when it was compared to the pre-sonication epileptic state. The PTZ-induced control group that did not receive any sonication showed a sustained number of epileptic EEG signal bursts. The animals that underwent sonication also showed less severe epileptic behavior, as assessed by the Racine score. Histological analysis confirmed that the sonication did not cause any damage to the brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that low-intensity, pulsed FUS sonication suppressed the number of epileptic signal bursts using acute epilepsy model in animal. Due to its non-invasiveness and spatial selectivity, FUS may offer new perspectives for a possible non-invasive treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Kyong Min
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bystritsky
- The Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kwang-Ik Jung
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Medical College of Hallym University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Krisztina Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang In Park
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Institute of Catholic Integrative Medicine (ICIM), Incheon Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ferenc A Jolesz
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Fedorenko OA, Marchenko SM. Spontaneously active ion channels of the nuclear envelope membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.15407/fz56.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Fedorenko O, Yarotskyy V, Duzhyy D, Marchenko S. The large-conductance ion channels in the nuclear envelope of central neurons. Pflugers Arch 2010; 460:1045-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Restrepo-Angulo I, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Camacho J. Ion channels in toxicology. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:497-512. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Maeda Y, Ide T, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Kinoshita T. GPHR is a novel anion channel critical for acidification and functions of the Golgi apparatus. Nat Cell Biol 2008; 10:1135-45. [PMID: 18794847 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The organelles within secretory and endocytotic pathways in mammalian cells have acidified lumens, and regulation of their acidic pH is critical for the trafficking, processing and glycosylation of cargo proteins and lipids, as well as the morphological integrity of the organelles. How organelle lumen acidification is regulated, and how luminal pH elevation disturbs these fundamental cellular processes, is largely unknown. Here, we describe a novel molecule involved in Golgi acidification. First, mutant cells defective in Golgi acidification were established that exhibited delayed protein transport, impaired glycosylation and Golgi disorganization. Using expression cloning, a novel Golgi-resident multi-transmembrane protein, named Golgi pH regulator (GPHR), was identified as being responsible for the mutant cells. After reconstitution in planar lipid bilayers, GPHR exhibited a voltage-dependent anion-channel activity that may function in counterion conductance. Thus, GPHR modulates Golgi functions through regulation of acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Maeda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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28
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Goytain A, Quamme GA. Identification and characterization of a novel family of membrane magnesium transporters, MMgT1 and MMgT2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 294:C495-502. [PMID: 18057121 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00238.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential metal, but few selective transporters have been identified at the molecular level. Microarray analysis was used to identify two similar transcripts that are upregulated with low extracellular Mg(2+). The corresponding cDNAs encode proteins of 131 and 123 amino acids with two predicted transmembrane domains. The two separate gene products comprise the family that we have termed "membrane Mg(2+) transporters" (MMgTs), because the proteins reside in the membrane and mediate Mg(2+) transport. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, MMgT1 and MMgT2 mediate Mg(2+) transport as determined with two-electrode voltage-clamp analysis and fluorescence measurements. Transport is saturable Mg(2+) uptake with Michaelis constants of 1.47 +/- 0.17 and 0.58 +/- 0.07 mM, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that MMgT mRNAs are present in a wide variety of cells. Subcellular localization with immunohistochemistry determined that the MMgT1-hemagglutinin (HA) and MMgT2-V5 fusion proteins reside in the Golgi complex and post-Golgi vesicles, including the early endosomes in COS-7 cells transfected with the respective tagged constructs. Interestingly, MMgT1-HA and MMgT2-V5 were found in separate populations of post-Golgi vesicles. MMgT1 and MMgT2 mRNA increased by about threefold, respectively, in kidney epithelial cells cultured in low-magnesium media relative to normal media and in the kidney cortex of mice maintained on low-magnesium diets compared with those animals consuming normal diets. With the increase in transcripts, there was an apparent increase in MMgT1 and MMgT2 protein in the Golgi and post-Golgi vesicles. These experiments suggest that MMgT proteins may provide regulated pathways for Mg(2+) transport in the Golgi and post-Golgi organelles of epithelium-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Goytain
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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29
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Fedorenko EA, Dyzhii DE, Marchenko SM. Large-conductance cationic channels in the nuclear envelope of Purkinje neurons from the rat cerebellum. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-007-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Kuzuhara T, Suganuma M, Kurusu M, Fujiki H. Helicobacter pylori-secreting protein Tipalpha is a potent inducer of chemokine gene expressions in stomach cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2006; 133:287-96. [PMID: 17393199 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-006-0169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stomach cancer has a high mortality rate in East Asia, and is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori is known to express chemokine genes in the gastric mucosa, chemokines that are important host immune factors facilitating inflammation and tumor growth. To investigate the mechanism of carcinogenesis in the stomach, it is essential to determine which molecule of H. pylori is involved in induction of chemokines, but this has remained unclear. We previously reported that a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inducing protein (Tipalpha) secreted from H. pylori acts as a tumor promoter in stomach cancer development, and thus started to investigate whether Tipalpha is involved in induction of chemokine genes. METHODS Comprehensive gene expression analysis was conducted using DNA microarray and KeyMolnet analyses. The gene expression was quantitatively analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Comprehensive and quantitative gene expression analyses revealed that Tipalpha induces gene expression of the chemokines Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl20, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl5 and Cxcl10 extensively and simultaneously in mouse stomach cancer cells, MGT-40. Tipalpha induced high levels of chemokine gene expression, whereas inactive deleted Tipalpha, del-Tipalpha, showed only marginal expression, suggesting a correlation between tumor promotion and chemokine gene expression by Tipalpha. MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor which represses NF-kappaB-activation, inhibited chemokine gene expressions. CONCLUSION We report here that Tipalpha of H. pylori gene product is a strong inducer of chemokine gene expressions, providing a new model for stomach cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
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Abstract
Cl(-) channels are widely found anion pores that are regulated by a variety of signals and that play various roles. On the basis of molecular biologic findings, ligand-gated Cl(-) channels in synapses, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductors (CFTRs) and ClC channel types have been established, followed by bestrophin and possibly by tweety, which encode Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels. The ClC family has been shown to possess a variety of functions, including stabilization of membrane potential, excitation, cell-volume regulation, fluid transport, protein degradation in endosomal vesicles and possibly cell growth. The molecular structure of Cl(-) channel types varies from 1 to 12 transmembrane segments. By means of computer-based prediction, functional Cl(-) channels have been synthesized artificially, revealing that many possible ion pores are hidden in channel, transporter or unidentified hydrophobic membrane proteins. Thus, novel Cl(-)-conducting pores may be occasionally discovered, and evidence from molecular biologic studies will clarify their physiologic and pathophysiologic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
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Ritzka M, Stanke F, Jansen S, Gruber AD, Pusch L, Woelfl S, Veeze HJ, Halley DJ, Tümmler B. The CLCA gene locus as a modulator of the gastrointestinal basic defect in cystic fibrosis. Hum Genet 2004; 115:483-91. [PMID: 15490240 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-004-1190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the CLCA gene family of calcium-activated chloride channels is a modulator of the basic defect of cystic fibrosis (CF), an association study was performed with polymorphic microsatellite markers covering a 40-Mbp region spanning the CLCA gene locus on human chromosome 1p in CF patients displaying CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-independent residual chloride conductance in gastrointestinal epithelia. Statistically significant association of the electrophysiological phenotype with the allele distribution of markers 5' of and within the CLCA locus was observed. Transmission disequilibrium and the significance of the association decreased within the locus from hCLCA2 towards hCLCA4. Expression of hCLCA1 and hCLCA4 in human rectal mucosa was proven by microarray analysis. The CLCA gene region was identified to encode mediators of DIDS-sensitive anion conductance in the human gastrointestinal tract that modulate the CF basic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Ritzka
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical CF Research Group, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Paroutis P, Touret N, Grinstein S. The pH of the secretory pathway: measurement, determinants, and regulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2004; 19:207-15. [PMID: 15304635 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00005.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The luminal pH of the secretory pathway plays a critical role in the posttranslational modification and sorting of proteins and lipids. The pH of each one of the organelles that constitute the pathway is unique, becoming more acidic as the biosynthetic cargo approaches its destination. The methods used for measurement of pH in the secretory pathway, its determinants, and its regulation are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Paroutis
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8 Ontario, Canada
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34
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Abstract
AIM This review describes molecular and functional properties of the following Cl- channels: the ClC family of voltage-dependent Cl- channels, the cAMP-activated transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), Ca2+ activated Cl- channels (CaCC) and volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). If structural data are available, their relationship with the function of Cl- channels will be discussed. We also describe shortly some recently discovered channels, including high conductance Cl- channels and the family of bestrophins. We illustrate the growing physiological importance of these channels in the plasma membrane and in intracellular membranes, including their involvement in transepithelial transport, pH regulation of intracellular organelles, regulation of excitability and volume regulation. Finally, we discuss the role of Cl- channels in various diseases and describe the pathological phenotypes observed in knockout mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nilius
- KU Leuven, Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Abstract
An acidic lumenal pH is vital for the proper posttranslational modifications and sorting of proteins and lipids from the Golgi complex. We characterized ion channels present in Golgi fractions that have been cleared of transiting proteins. A large conductance anion channel was observed in approximately 30% of successful channel incorporations into the planar lipid bilayer. The channel, GOLAC-2, has six levels (one closed and five open). The open states are each approximately 20% increments of the maximal, 325 pS conductance. The channel was approximately 6 times more selective for Cl(-) over K(+). Binomial analysis of percent occupancy for each conducting level supports the hypothesis of five independent conducting pathways. The conducting levels can coordinately gate because full openings and closings were often observed. Addition of 3 to 5 mM reduced glutathione to the cis chamber caused dose-dependent increases in single channel conductance, indicating that the channel may be regulated by the oxidation-reduction state of the cell. We propose that GOLAC-2 is a co-channel complex consisting of five identical pores that have a coordinated gating mechanism. GOALC-2 may function as a source of counter anions for the H(+)-ATPase and may be involved in regulating charge balance and membrane potential of the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Thompson
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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36
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Abstract
Hepatocytes possess chloride channels at the plasma membrane and in multiple intracellular compartments. These channels are required for cell volume regulation and acidification of intracellular organelles. Evidence also supports a role of chloride channels in modulation of apoptosis and cell growth. Swelling- and Ca(2+)-activated chloride channels have been identified in hepatocyte plasma membranes, and chloride channels have been observed in the membranes of lysosomes, endosomes, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and the nucleus. This review summarizes the functions of these channels and discusses the specific channel molecules they may represent. Chloride channel molecules shown to be expressed in hepatocytes include members of the ClC channel family (ClC-2, ClC-3, ClC-5, and ClC-7), members of the newly identified CLIC family of intracellular chloride channels (CLIC-1 and CLIC-4), the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel, and a newly identified intracellular channel, MCLC (Mid-1 related chloride channel). Current understanding does not include a molecular identification of most of the observed channel functions, but details of the molecular properties of these channel molecules should allow future identification and further understanding of chloride channel function in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0641, USA.
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