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Kim HJ, Jeong MS, Jang SB. Identification and structure of AIMP2-DX2 for therapeutic perspectives. BMB Rep 2024; 57:318-323. [PMID: 38835119 PMCID: PMC11289502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell fate and lung cell differentiation is associated with Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS)-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2), which acts as a non-enzymatic component required for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. In response to DNA damage, a component of AIMP2 separates from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, binds to p53, and prevents its degradation by MDM2, inducing apoptosis. Additionally, AIMP2 reduces proliferation in TGF-β and Wnt pathways, while enhancing apoptotic signaling induced by tumor necrosis factor-β. Given the crucial role of these pathways in tumorigenesis, AIMP2 is expected to function as a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor. The full-length AIMP2 transcript consists of four exons, with a small section of the pre-mRNA undergoing alternative splicing to produce a variant (AIMP2-DX2) lacking the second exon. AIMP2-DX2 binds to FBP, TRAF2, and p53 similarly to AIMP2, but competes with AIMP2 for binding to these target proteins, thereby impairing its tumor-suppressive activity. AIMP2-DX2 is specifically expressed in a diverse range of cancer cells, including breast cancer, liver cancer, bone cancer, and stomach cancer. There is growing interest in AIMP2-DX2 as a promising biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis, with AIMP2-DX2 inhibition attracting significant interest as a potentially effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung, ovarian, prostate, and nasopharyngeal cancers. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 318-323].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Kim
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Gupta S, Jani J, Vijayasurya, Mochi J, Tabasum S, Sabarwal A, Pappachan A. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - a molecular multitasker. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23219. [PMID: 37776328 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202024rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRSs) are valuable "housekeeping" enzymes that ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information in living cells, where they aminoacylated tRNA molecules with their cognate amino acid and provide substrates for protein biosynthesis. In addition to their translational or canonical function, they contribute to nontranslational/moonlighting functions, which are mediated by the presence of other domains on the proteins. This was supported by several reports which claim that AaRS has a significant role in gene transcription, apoptosis, translation, and RNA splicing regulation. Noncanonical/ nontranslational functions of AaRSs also include their roles in regulating angiogenesis, inflammation, cancer, and other major physio-pathological processes. Multiple AaRSs are also associated with a broad range of physiological and pathological processes; a few even serve as cytokines. Therefore, the multifunctional nature of AaRSs suggests their potential as viable therapeutic targets as well. Here, our discussion will encompass a range of noncanonical functions attributed to Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (AaRSs), highlighting their links with a diverse array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadha Gupta
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Jaykumar Jani
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vijayasurya
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Jigneshkumar Mochi
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Saba Tabasum
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anju Pappachan
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
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Yuan C, Liu X, Cai S, Zhang L, Guo R, Jia Z, Sun Y, Li B. Secreted aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) is a promising predictor for the severity of acute AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 70:104504. [PMID: 36623394 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex interacting with multifunctional protein-1 (AIMP1) has been reported to carry pro-inflammatory properties and anti-angiogenesis effects. However, the exact role of AIMP1 in patients with NMOSD is not yet clear. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between plasma AIMP1 levels and disease severity in patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD from North China based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. METHODS Plasma AIMP1 levels were measured using ELISA kits in 94 patients with AQP4-IgG+NMOSD (48 in the acute phase before high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) therapy, 21 in the acute phase after IVMP therapy, 25 in the clinical remission-phase)as well as 33 healthy controls (HCs). The disability function of NMOSD patients was evaluated using the EDSS score. Furthermore, the clinical characteristics of the patients were also evaluated, and laboratory tests were performed on blood samples. RESULTS The plasma AIMP1 levels in AQP4-IgG+NMOSD patients with acute phase before IVMP therapy were significantly higher as compared to those in patients after the IVMP therapy (p < 0.001) as well as those in the clinical remission phase (p = 0.021) or HCs (p < 0.001). Plasma AIMP1 levels were positively correlated with EDSS scores (r = 0.485, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with serum complement 3 concentrations (r =-0.452, p = 0.001). AIMP1 exhibited the potential to distinguish NMOSD from HCs (AUROC 0.820, p < 0.0001) and could differentiate mild and moderate-severe NMOSD (AUROC 0.790, p = 0.0006). Furthermore, plasma AIMP1 levels of ≥49.55pg/mL were found to be an independent predictor of the risk for moderate-severe NMOSD (with OR 0.03, 95%CI 0.001-0.654, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION AIMP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD disease and predict the disease activity, severity, or effect of treatment in patients with NMOSD. Further studies should be performed to reveal the precise mechanisms of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China; Department of Neurology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xueyu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China.
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Oh Y, Jung HJ, Hong S, Cho Y, Park J, Cho D, Kim TS. Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 induces microglial activation and M1 polarization via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:977205. [PMID: 36159396 PMCID: PMC9491728 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.977205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of microglia, which is the primary immune cell of the central nervous system, plays an important role in neuroinflammation associated with several neuronal diseases. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1), a structural component of the multienzyme ARS complex, is secreted to trigger a pro-inflammatory function and has been associated with several inflammatory diseases. However, the effect of AIMP1 on microglial activation remains unknown. AIMP1 elevated the expression levels of activation-related cell surface markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary and BV-2 microglial cells. In addition to the AIMP1-mediated increase in the expression levels of M1 markers [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-1β], the expression levels of CD68, an M1 cell surface molecule, were also increased in AIMP-1-treated microglial cells, while those of CD206, an M2 cell surface molecule, were not, indicating that AIMP1 triggers the polarization of microglial cells into the M1 state but not the M2 state. AIMP1 treatment induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), while MAPK inhibitors suppressed the AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation. AIMP1 also induced the phosphorylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) components and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in microglial cells. Furthermore, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 inhibitors markedly suppressed the AIMP1-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB components as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, suggesting the involvement of JNK and p38 as upstream regulators of NF-κB in AIMP1-induced microglial cell activation. The NF-κB inhibitor suppressed the AIMP1-induced M1 polarization of the microglial cells. Taken together, AIMP1 effectively induces M1 microglial activation via the JNK and p38/NF-κB-dependent pathways. These results suggest that AIMP1 released under stress conditions may be a pathological factor that induces neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak-Jun Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungwon Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yerim Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeong Park
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Institute of Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Tae Sung Kim,
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Wei R, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Yu X, Wang L, Gu C, Gu X, Yang Y. AIMP1 promotes multiple myeloma malignancy through interacting with ANP32A to mediate histone H3 acetylation. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1185-1206. [PMID: 36042007 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. An overwhelming majority of patients with MM progress to serious osteolytic bone disease. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) participates in several steps during cancer development and osteoclast differentiation. This study aimed to explore its role in MM. METHODS The gene expression profiling cohorts of MM were applied to determine the expression of AIMP1 and its association with MM patient prognosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were used to detect AIMP1 expression. Protein chip analysis, RNA-sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing were employed to screen the interacting proteins and key downstream targets of AIMP1. The impact of AIMP1 on cellular proliferation was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro and a xenograft model in vivo. Bone lesions were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining in vitro. A NOD/SCID-TIBIA mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of siAIMP1-loaded exosomes on bone lesion formation in vivo. RESULTS AIMP1 expression was increased in MM patients and strongly associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased AIMP1 expression promoted MM cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Protein chip assays and subsequent experiments revealed that AIMP1 interacted with acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A (ANP32A) to regulate histone H3 acetylation. In addition, AIMP1 increased histone H3 acetylation enrichment function of GRB2-associated and regulator of MAPK protein 2 (GAREM2) to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Furthermore, AIMP1 promoted osteoclast differentiation by activating nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) in vitro. In contrast, exosome-coated small interfering RNA of AIMP1 effectively suppressed MM progression and osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that AIMP1 is a novel regulator of histone H3 acetylation interacting with ANP32A in MM, which accelerates MM malignancy via activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Wei
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210001, P. R. China.,School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiao Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wene Zhao
- Department of Analytical and Testing Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211112, P. R. China
| | - Xichao Yu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210001, P. R. China.,School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210001, P. R. China.,School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
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T helper cell-mediated epitranscriptomic regulation via m6A RNA methylation bridges link between coronary artery disease and invasive ductal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3421-3436. [PMID: 35776197 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and coronary artery disease (CAD), remains the greatest cause of death annually in women, driven by complex signalling pathways and shared several predisposing risk factors together. Therefore, it is important to find out the common epigenetic modifications which are responsible for possible disease progression from CAD to IDC. METHODS CD4+T cell isolation by MACS, RT2 profiler PCR array, Gene ontology study, m6A RNA methylation, ChIP-qPCR, Q-PCR, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout/overexpression, Lactate dehydrogenase release assay, RDIP-qPCR. RESULTS We have identified several epigenetic regulators (e.g., VEGFA, AIMP1, etc.) which are mainly involved in inflammatory pathways in both the diseased conditions. Epitranscriptomic alterations such as m6A RNA methylation found abnormal in CD4+T helper cells in both IDC as well as CAD. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout/overexpression of specific gene (BRCA1) are promising therapeutic approaches in diseased conditions by regulating m6A RNA methylation and also tumor suppressor gene P53. It also affected the R-loop formation which is vulnerable to DNA damage and BRCA1 can also induce CTL mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, by understanding the modifications of epigenetic mechanisms, their alterations and interactions will aid in the development of newer therapeutic approaches to stop the possible spread from one disease to another.
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Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase: A Non-Negligible Molecule in RNA Viral Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030613. [PMID: 35337020 PMCID: PMC8955326 DOI: 10.3390/v14030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to have a huge impact on global health, and the host-virus interaction remains incompletely understood. To address the global threat, in-depth investigations in pathogenesis are essential for interventions in infectious diseases and vaccine development. Interestingly, aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs), an ancient enzyme family that was once considered to play housekeeping roles in protein synthesis, are involved in multiple viral infectious diseases. Many aaRSs in eukaryotes present as the components of a cytoplasmic depot system named the multi-synthetase complex (MSC). Upon viral infections, several components of the MSC are released and exert nonenzymatic activities. Host aaRSs can also be utilized to facilitate viral entry and replication. In addition to their intracellular roles, some aaRSs and aaRS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) are secreted as active cytokines or function as “molecule communicators” on the cell surface. The interactions between aaRSs and viruses ultimately affect host innate immune responses or facilitate virus invasion. In this review, we summarized the latest advances of the interactions between aaRSs and RNA viruses, with a particular emphasis on the therapeutic potentials of aaRSs in viral infectious diseases.
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Khan K, Gogonea V, Fox PL. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex and their role in tumorigenesis. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101392. [PMID: 35278792 PMCID: PMC8914993 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) catalyze the ligation of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs to generate aminoacylated-tRNAs. In higher eukaryotes, 9 of the 20 AARSs, along with 3 auxiliary proteins, join to form the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The complex is absent in prokaryotes, but evolutionary expansion of MSC constituents, primarily by addition of novel interacting domains, facilitates formation of subcomplexes that join to establish the holo-MSC. In some cases, environmental cues direct the release of constituents from the MSC which enables the execution of non-canonical, i.e., "moonlighting", functions distinct from their essential activities in protein translation. These activities are generally beneficial, but can also be deleterious to the cell. Elucidation of the non-canonical activities of several AARSs residing in the MSC suggest they are potential therapeutic targets for cancer, as well as metabolic and neurologic diseases. Here, we describe the role of MSC-resident AARSs in cancer progression, and the factors that regulate their release from the MSC. Also, we highlight recent developments in therapeutic modalities that target MSC AARSs for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States of America
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States of America.
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Tandon S, Muthuswami R, Madhubala R. Role of two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase associated proteins (Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptides 1 and 2) of Leishmania donovani in chemotaxis of human monocytes. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106128. [PMID: 34509454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. It is a fatal form of leishmaniasis prevalent in Indian subcontinent. Since there are no human licensed vaccines available for leishmaniasis, chemotherapeutic drugs remain the only means for combating parasitic infections. We have earlier identified a total of 26 amino-acyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) along with five stand-alone editing domains and two aaRS-associated proteins in Leishmania donovani. In addition to their canonical role of tRNA aminoacylation, aaRS have been involved in novel functions by acquiring novel domains during evolution. The aaRS-associated proteins have been reported to be analogous to a human cytokine, EMAP II, as they possess a modified version of the heptapeptide motif responsible for the cytokine activity. In this manuscript, we report the characterization of two L. donovani aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase associated proteins which showed a human chemokine like activity. Both the proteins, L. donovani EMAP-1 and EMAP-2, possess a modified form of the heptapeptide motif, which is responsible for cytokine activity in human EMAP-2. LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 were cloned, expressed, and purified. Both LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 proteins in the promastigote stage were found to be localized in cytoplasm as confirmed by immunofluorescence. In case of L. donovani infected human THP-1 derived macrophages, secretion of LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 proteins in the cytosol of the macrophages was observed. The role of LdEMAP-1 and LdEMAP-2 in the aminoacylation of rLdTyrRS was also tested and LdEMAP-2 but not LdEMAP-1 increased the rate of aminoacylation of tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (rLdTyrRS). L. donovani EMAP-1 and EMAP-2 proteins managed to exhibit the capability of attracting human origin cells as determined by chemotaxis assay, and also were able to induce the secretion of cytokines from macrophages like their human counterpart (EMAP II). Our working hypothesis is that both of these proteins might be involved in helping the parasite to establish the infection within the host.
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Nayak P, Kejriwal A, Ratnaparkhi GS. SUMOylation of Arginyl tRNA Synthetase Modulates the Drosophila Innate Immune Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695630. [PMID: 34660574 PMCID: PMC8514731 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMO conjugation of a substrate protein can modify its activity, localization, interaction or function. A large number of SUMO targets in cells have been identified by Proteomics, but biological roles for SUMO conjugation for most targets remains elusive. The multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex (MARS) is a sensor and regulator of immune signaling. The proteins of this 1.2 MDa complex are targets of SUMO conjugation, in response to infection. Arginyl tRNA Synthetase (RRS), a member of the sub-complex II of MARS, is one such SUMO conjugation target. The sites for SUMO conjugation are Lys 147 and 383. Replacement of these residues by Arg (RRS K147R,K383R ), creates a SUMO conjugation resistant variant (RRS SCR ). Transgenic Drosophila lines for RRS WT and RRS SCR were generated by expressing these variants in a RRS loss of function (lof) animal, using the UAS-Gal4 system. The RRS-lof line was itself generated using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Expression of both RRS WT and RRS SCR rescue the RRS-lof lethality. Adult animals expressing RRS WT and RRS SCR are compared and contrasted for their response to bacterial infection by gram positive M. luteus and gram negative Ecc15. We find that RRS SCR , when compared to RRS WT , shows modulation of the transcriptional response, as measured by quantitative 3' mRNA sequencing. Our study uncovers a possible non-canonical role for SUMOylation of RRS, a member of the MARS complex, in host-defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Nayak
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Aarti Kejriwal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
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Rakshit S, Sunny JS, George M, Hanna LE, Sarkar K. R-loop modulated epigenetic regulation in T helper cells mechanistically associates coronary artery disease and non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101189. [PMID: 34343853 PMCID: PMC8348198 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some common epigenetic regulations exist between coronary artery disease (CAD) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). VEGFA and AIMP1 both are up-regulated/ down-regulated in a similar pattern in both CAD and NSCLC. Several DNA damage-repair factors (e.g., BRCA1, ERCC1, XPF, RAD51 etc.) and R-loops are involved in CAD and NSCLC.
The effect of epigenetics in coronary artery disease and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is presently developing as a significant vital participant at various levels from pathophysiology to therapeutics. We would like to find out the conjunction of some regular epigenetic regulations which decides the example of either acetylation/deacetylation or methylation/demethylation on various gene promoters associated with their pathogenesis. Expressions of some of the genes (e.g., VEGFA, AIMP1, etc.) are either up regulated or down regulated in a similar pattern where several DNA damage (e.g. H2A.X) and repair factors (e.g. BRCA1, RAD51, ERCC1, XPF), Transcription coupled DNA repair factor, Replication proteins are involved. Additionally, epigenetic changes, for example, histone methylation was found unusual in BRCA1 complex in CAD and in the NSCLC patients. Epigenetic therapies such as CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout/overexpression of specific gene (BRCA1) showed promising changes in diseased conditions, whereas it affected the R-loop formation which is vulnerable to DNA damage. Involvement of the common epigenetic mechanisms, their interactions and alterations observed in our study will contribute significantly in understanding the development of novel epigenetic therapies soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Jithin S Sunny
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Tamil Nadu 600031, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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12
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Katan T, Xue X, Caballero-Solares A, Taylor RG, Parrish CC, Rise ML. Influence of Varying Dietary ω6 to ω3 Fatty Acid Ratios on the Hepatic Transcriptome, and Association with Phenotypic Traits (Growth, Somatic Indices, and Tissue Lipid Composition), in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070578. [PMID: 34202562 PMCID: PMC8301090 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant oils are routinely used in fish feeds as a fish oil replacement. However, these terrestrial alternatives typically contain high levels of ω6 fatty acids (FA) and, thus, high ω6 to ω3 (ω6:ω3) FA ratios, which influence farmed fish and their consumers. The ω6:ω3 ratio is known to affect many biological processes (e.g., inflammation, FA metabolism) and human diseases; however, its impacts on fish physiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms are less well understood. In this study, we used 44 K microarrays to examine which genes and molecular pathways are altered by variation in dietary ω6:ω3 in Atlantic salmon. Our microarray study showed that several genes related to immune response, lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and translation were differentially expressed between the two extreme ω6:ω3 dietary treatments. We also revealed that the PPARα activation-related transcript helz2 is a potential novel molecular biomarker of tissue variation in ω6:ω3. Further, correlation analyses illustrated the relationships between liver transcript expression and tissue (liver, muscle) lipid composition, and other phenotypic traits in salmon fed low levels of fish oil. This nutrigenomic study enhanced the current understanding of Atlantic salmon gene expression response to varying dietary ω6:ω3. Abstract The importance of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 (ω6:ω3) fatty acid (FA) ratios for human health has been extensively examined. However, its impact on fish physiology, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, are less well understood. This study investigated the influence of plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying ω6:ω3 (0.4–2.7) on the hepatic transcriptome of Atlantic salmon. Using 44 K microarray analysis, genes involved in immune and inflammatory response (lect2a, itgb5, helz2a, p43), lipid metabolism (helz2a), cell proliferation (htra1b), control of muscle and neuronal development (mef2d) and translation (eif2a, eif4b1, p43) were identified; these were differentially expressed between the two extreme ω6:ω3 dietary treatments (high ω6 vs. high ω3) at week 12. Eight out of 10 microarray-identified transcripts showed an agreement in the direction of expression fold-change between the microarray and qPCR studies. The PPARα activation-related transcript helz2a was confirmed by qPCR to be down-regulated by high ω6 diet compared with high ω3 diet. The transcript expression of two helz2 paralogues was positively correlated with ω3, and negatively with ω6 FA in both liver and muscle, thus indicating their potential as biomarkers of tissue ω6:ω3 variation. Mef2d expression in liver was suppressed in the high ω6 compared to the balanced diet (ω6:ω3 of 2.7 and 0.9, respectively) fed fish, and showed negative correlations with ω6:ω3 in both tissues. The hepatic expression of two lect2 paralogues was negatively correlated with viscerosomatic index, while htra1b correlated negatively with salmon weight gain and condition factor. Finally, p43 and eif2a were positively correlated with liver Σω3, while these transcripts and eif4b2 showed negative correlations with 18:2ω6 in the liver. This suggested that some aspects of protein synthesis were influenced by dietary ω6:ω3. In summary, this nutrigenomic study identified hepatic transcripts responsive to dietary variation in ω6:ω3, and relationships of transcript expression with tissue (liver, muscle) lipid composition and other phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.C.-S.); Tel.: +1-709-7703846 (T.K.); Tel.: +1-709-3251598 (A.C.-S.)
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.C.-S.); Tel.: +1-709-7703846 (T.K.); Tel.: +1-709-3251598 (A.C.-S.)
| | - Richard G. Taylor
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, 10383 165th Avenue NW, Elk River, MN 55330, USA;
| | - Christopher C. Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Matthew L. Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; (X.X.); (C.C.P.); (M.L.R.)
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13
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Wang J, Yang XL. Novel functions of cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases shaping the hallmarks of cancer. Enzymes 2020; 48:397-423. [PMID: 33837711 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With the intense protein synthesis demands of cancer, the classical enzymatic role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) is required to sustain tumor growth. However, many if not all aaRSs also possess regulatory functions outside of the domain of catalytic tRNA aminoacylation, which can further contribute to or even antagonize cancers in non-translational ways. These regulatory functions of aaRS are likely to be manipulated in cancer to ensure uncontrolled growth and survival. This review will largely focus on the unique capacities of individual and sometimes collaborating synthetases to influence the hallmarks of cancer, which represent the principles and characteristics of tumorigenesis. An interesting feature of cytoplasmic aaRSs in higher eukaryotes is the formation of a large multi-synthetase complex (MSC) with nine aaRSs held together by three non-enzymatic scaffolding proteins (AIMPs). The MSC-associated aaRSs, when released from the complex in response to certain stimulations, often participate in pathways that promote tumorigenesis. In contrast, the freestanding aaRSs are associated with activities in both directions-some promoting while others inhibiting cancer. The AIMPs have emerged as potent tumor suppressors through their own distinct mechanisms. We propose that the tumor-suppressive roles of AIMPs may also be a consequence of keeping the cancer-promoting aaRSs within the MSC. The rich connections between cancer and the synthetases have inspired the development of innovative cancer treatments that target or take advantage of these novel functions of aaRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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14
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Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional proteins in physiology and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:579. [PMID: 32709848 PMCID: PMC7382500 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are an important class of enzymes with an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for protein synthesis. In higher eukaryotic systems, eight ARSs and three ARS-interacting multi-functional proteins (AIMPs) form a multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC), which seems to contribute to cellular homeostasis. Of these, AIMPs are generally considered as non-enzyme factors, playing a scaffolding role during MSC assembly. Although the functions of AIMPs are not fully understood, increasing evidence indicates that these scaffold proteins usually exert tumor-suppressive activities. In addition, endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), as a cleavage product of AIMP1, and AIMP2-DX2, as a splice variant of AIMP2 lacking exon 2, also have a pivotal role in regulating tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of AIMP1, EMAP II, AIMP2, AIMP2-DX2, and AIMP3. Also, we systematically introduce their emerging roles in cancer, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of cancer.
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15
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Park SR, Kim SR, Im JB, Lim S, Hong IS. Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase, a Novel Damage-Induced Cytokine, Significantly Increases the Therapeutic Effects of Endometrial Stem Cells. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2458-2472. [PMID: 32592690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The major challenges of most adult stem cell-based therapies are their weak therapeutic effects caused by the loss of multilineage differentiation capacity and homing potential. Recently, many researchers have attempted to identify novel stimulating factors that can fundamentally increase the differentiation capacity and homing potential of various types of adult stem cells. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyzes the first step of protein synthesis. In addition to this canonical function, we found for the first time that WRS is actively released from the site of injury in response to various damage signals both in vitro and in vivo and then acts as a potent nonenzymatic cytokine that promotes the self-renewal, migratory, and differentiation capacities of endometrial stem cells to facilitate the repair of damaged tissues. Furthermore, we also found that WRS, through its functional receptor cadherin-6 (CDH-6), activates major prosurvival signaling pathways, such as Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling. Our current study provides novel and unique insights into approaches that can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of human endometrial stem cells in various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Been Im
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyi Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Halpert MM, Konduri V, Liang D, Vazquez-Perez J, Hofferek CJ, Weldon SA, Baig Y, Vedula I, Levitt JM, Decker WK. MHC class I and II peptide homology regulates the cellular immune response. FASEB J 2020; 34:8082-8101. [PMID: 32298026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903002r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian immune responses are initiated by "danger" signals--immutable molecular structures known as PAMPs. When detected by fixed, germline encoded receptors, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) subsequently inform the polarization of downstream adaptive responses depending upon identity and localization of the PAMP. Here, we report the existence of a completely novel "PAMP" that is not a molecular structure but an antigenic pattern. This pattern--the incidence of peptide epitopes with stretches of 100% sequence identity bound to both dendritic cell (DC) major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and MHC class II--strongly induces TH 1 immune polarization and activation of the cellular immune response. Inherent in the existence of this PAMP is the concomitant existence of a molecular sensor complex with the ability to scan and compare amino acid sequence identities of bound class I and II peptides. We provide substantial evidence implicating the multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (mARS) complex and its AIMp1 structural component as the key constituents of this complex. The results demonstrate a wholly novel mechanism by which T-helper (TH ) polarization is governed and provide critical information for the design of vaccination strategies intended to provoke cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Colby J Hofferek
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott A Weldon
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunyu Baig
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Indira Vedula
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Suh YS, Yeom E, Nam JW, Min KJ, Lee J, Yu K. Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase Regulates Lifespan in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2020; 43:304-311. [PMID: 31940717 PMCID: PMC7103878 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) is essential for translation. MRS mutants reduce global translation, which usually increases lifespan in various genetic models. However, we found that MRS inhibited Drosophila reduced lifespan despite of the reduced protein synthesis. Microarray analysis with MRS inhibited Drosophila revealed significant changes in inflammatory and immune response genes. Especially, the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) genes was reduced. When we measured the expression levels of AMP genes during aging, those were getting increased in the control flies but reduced in MRS inhibition flies agedependently. Interestingly, in the germ-free condition, the maximum lifespan was increased in MRS inhibition flies compared with that of the conventional condition. These findings suggest that the lifespan of MRS inhibition flies is reduced due to the down-regulated AMPs expression in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Suh
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Lee
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 3113, Korea
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18
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Gupta S, Chhibber-Goel J, Sharma M, Parvez S, Harlos K, Sharma A, Yogavel M. Crystal structures of the two domains that constitute the Plasmodium vivax p43 protein. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:135-146. [PMID: 32038044 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319016413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold modules known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs), such as AIMP1/p43, AIMP2/p38 and AIMP3/p18, are important in driving the assembly of multi-aaRS (MARS) complexes in eukaryotes. Often, AIMPs contain an N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST)-like domain and a C-terminal OB-fold tRNA-binding domain. Recently, the apicomplexan-specific Plasmodium falciparum p43 protein (Pfp43) has been annotated as an AIMP and its tRNA binding, tRNA import and membrane association have been characterized. The crystal structures of both the N- and C-terminal domains of the Plasmodium vivax p43 protein (Pvp43), which is an ortholog of Pfp43, have been resolved. Analyses reveal the overall oligomeric structure of Pvp43 and highlight several notable features that show Pvp43 to be a soluble, cytosolic protein. The dimeric assembly of the N-terminal GST-like domain of Pvp43 differs significantly from canonical GST dimers, and it is tied to the C-terminal tRNA-binding domain via a linker region. This work therefore establishes a framework for dissecting the additional roles of p43 orthologs in eukaryotic multi-protein MARS complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Molecular Medicine - Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Jyoti Chhibber-Goel
- Molecular Medicine - Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Manmohan Sharma
- Molecular Medicine - Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
| | - Amit Sharma
- Molecular Medicine - Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Manickam Yogavel
- Molecular Medicine - Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110 067, India
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19
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Kim M, Kim H, Kim D, Park C, Huh Y, Jung J, Chung HJ, Jeong NY. Fluorescence-Based Analysis of Noncanonical Functions of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase-Interacting Multifunctional Proteins (AIMPs) in Peripheral Nerves. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071064. [PMID: 30939730 PMCID: PMC6480683 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) are auxiliary factors involved in protein synthesis related to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs). AIMPs, which are well known as nonenzymatic factors, include AIMP1/p43, AIMP2/p38, and AIMP3/p18. The canonical functions of AIMPs include not only protein synthesis via multisynthetase complexes but also maintenance of the structural stability of these complexes. Several recent studies have demonstrated nontypical (noncanonical) functions of AIMPs, such as roles in apoptosis, inflammatory processes, DNA repair, and so on. However, these noncanonical functions of AIMPs have not been studied in peripheral nerves related to motor and sensory functions. Peripheral nerves include two types of structures: peripheral axons and Schwann cells. The myelin sheath formed by Schwann cells produces saltatory conduction, and these rapid electrical signals control motor and sensory functioning in the service of survival in mammals. Schwann cells play roles not only in myelin sheath formation but also as modulators of nerve degeneration and regeneration. Therefore, it is important to identify the main functions of Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. Here, using immunofluorescence technique, we demonstrated that AIMPs are essential morphological indicators of peripheral nerve degeneration, and their actions are limited to peripheral nerves and not the dorsal root ganglion and the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muwoong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyosun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduation School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Youngbuhm Huh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Joo Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, 262, Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea.
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea.
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20
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Lee EY, Kim S, Kim MH. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, therapeutic targets for infectious diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:424-434. [PMID: 29890143 PMCID: PMC7092877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in medical science, infection-associated diseases remain among the leading causes of death worldwide. There is a great deal of interest and concern at the rate at which new pathogens are emerging and causing significant human health problems. Expanding our understanding of how cells regulate signaling networks to defend against invaders and retain cell homeostasis will reveal promising strategies against infection. It has taken scientists decades to appreciate that eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play a role as global cell signaling mediators to regulate cell homeostasis, beyond their intrinsic function as protein synthesis enzymes. Recent discoveries revealed that ubiquitously expressed standby cytoplasmic ARSs sense and respond to danger signals and regulate immunity against infections, indicating their potential as therapeutic targets for infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss ARS-mediated anti-infectious signaling and the emerging role of ARSs in antimicrobial immunity. In contrast to their ability to defend against infection, host ARSs are inevitably co-opted by viruses for survival and propagation. We therefore provide a brief overview of the communication between viruses and the ARS system. Finally, we discuss encouraging new approaches to develop ARSs as therapeutics for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Park SR, Kim HJ, Yang SR, Park CH, Lee HY, Hong IS. A novel endogenous damage signal, glycyl tRNA synthetase, activates multiple beneficial functions of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:2023-2036. [PMID: 29666468 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During tissue repair, the injury site releases various bioactive molecules as damage signals to actively recruit stem cells to the damaged region. Despite convincing evidence that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can sense damage signals and promote repair processes, the identity of these signals and how these signals regulate stem cell-mediated tissue repair remain unknown. Glycyl tRNA synthetase (GRS) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyzes the first step of protein synthesis in all organisms. In addition to this canonical function, we identified for the first time that GRS is released by damaged tissues or cells in response to various injury signals and may function as a damage signal that activates the proliferative, differentiation, and migratory potential of MSCs, possibly through its identified receptor, cadherin-6 (CDH-6). Binding between GRS and CDH-6 activates survival signals, such as those of the PI3K/Akt and/or FAK/ERK1/2 pathways. More importantly, we also found that MSCs stimulated with GRS show significantly improved homing and differentiation potential and subsequent in vivo therapeutic effects, in a liver fibrosis animal model. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence for a novel function of GRS in enhancing the multiple beneficial functions of stem cells via a non-canonical mechanism as a damage signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, 367-700, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kim SS, Hur SY, Kim YR, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Expression of AIMP1, 2 and 3, the scaffolds for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, is downregulated in gastric and colorectal cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:380-5. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) form a protein complex with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. In addition to protein translation, AIMPs play a role in diverse biological processes. Earlier studies suggested that AIMPs may act as tumor suppressors. However, the expression status of the AIMP proteins in human cancer tissues is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression of AIMP members (AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3) in gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. We analyzed the expression of these proteins in 100 GC and 103 CRC tissues by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray method. Normal gastric and colon mucosa expressed AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3 in nearly all of the cases (95–100%). However, the expression of AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3 was significantly decreased in the GC samples (60%, 52% and 70% of the cases, respectively) and in the CRC samples (66%, 53% and 81% of the cases, respectively) (P <0.01). Expression of AIMP1, AIMP2 or AIMP3 was not associated with clinicopathological parameters including differentiation, depth of invasion and TNM stage. The decreased expression of AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3 in the GC and CRC tissues compared to the corresponding normal tissues suggested that downregulation of these proteins may be related to inactivation of the tumor suppressor functions of AIMP proteins and might play a role in the development of GC and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Ri Kim
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Liang D, Tian L, You R, Halpert MM, Konduri V, Baig YC, Paust S, Kim D, Kim S, Jia F, Huang S, Zhang X, Kheradmand F, Corry DB, Gilbert BE, Levitt JM, Decker WK. AIMp1 Potentiates T H1 Polarization and Is Critical for Effective Antitumor and Antiviral Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1801. [PMID: 29379495 PMCID: PMC5775236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) must integrate a broad array of environmental cues to exact control over downstream immune responses including TH polarization. The multienzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex component AIMp1/p43 responds to cellular stress and exerts pro-inflammatory functions; however, a role for DC-expressed AIMp1 in TH polarization has not previously been shown. Here, we demonstrate that the absence of AIMp1 in bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) significantly impairs cytokine and costimulatory molecule expression, p38 MAPK signaling, and TH1 polarization of cocultured T-cells while significantly dysregulating immune-related gene expression. These deficits resulted in significantly compromised BMDC vaccine-mediated protection against melanoma. AIMp1 within the host was also critical for innate and adaptive antiviral immunity against influenza virus infection in vivo. Cancer patients with AIMp1 expression levels in the highest tertiles exhibited a 70% survival advantage at 15-year postdiagnosis as determined by bioinformatics analysis of nearly 9,000 primary human tumor samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. These data establish the importance of AIMp1 for the effective governance of antitumor and antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ran You
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew M Halpert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yunyu C Baig
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Doyeun Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fuli Jia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Antibody-based Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Antibody-based Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian E Gilbert
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan M Levitt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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24
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: Structure, function, and drug discovery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:400-414. [PMID: 29305884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are the enzymes that catalyze the aminoacylation reaction by covalently linking an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in the first step of protein translation. Beyond this classical function, these enzymes are also known to have a role in several metabolic and signaling pathways that are important for cell viability. Study of these enzymes is of great interest to the researchers due to its pivotal role in the growth and survival of an organism. Further, unfolding the interesting structural and functional aspects of these enzymes in the last few years has qualified them as a potential drug target against various diseases. Here we review the classification, function, and the conserved as well the appended structural architecture of these enzymes in detail, including its association with multi-synthetase complexes. We also considered their role in human diseases in terms of mutations and autoantibodies against AARSs. Finally, we have discussed the available inhibitors against AARSs. This review offers comprehensive information on AARSs under a single canopy that would be a good inventory for researchers working in this area.
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25
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Kim MS, Song JH, Cohen EP, Cho D, Kim TS. Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase–Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 Activates NK Cells via Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4140-4147. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Jha R, Cho HY, Mushtaq AU, Lee K, Kim DG, Kim S, Jeon YH. Purification and biophysical characterization of the AIMP2-DX2 protein. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 132:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Bing Z, Tian J, Zhang J, Li X, Wang X, Yang K. An Integrative Model of miRNA and mRNA Expression Signature for Patients of Breast Invasive Carcinoma with Radiotherapy Prognosis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 31:253-60. [PMID: 27610468 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in breast cancer treatment. The radiotherapy for breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) presents challenges with the complex clinical factors, and too many genes have been found to be associated with BRCA radiotherapy prognosis. The aim of this study was to construct an integrative model to combine the clinical data and RNA expression data (including microRNA and mRNA) to predict the survival durations of BRCA patients with radiotherapy. Also, the authors try to find the key regulation pairs between mRNA and miRNA from prediction. They collected mRNA and microRNA expression profiles and gathered the corresponding clinical data of 73 BRCA patients with radiotherapy from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). According to an integrative model from univariate Cox regression between RNA expression and patient survival, they classified the patients with radiotherapy into low-risk and high-risk groups. The results showed that nine mRNAs were considered as protective genes and five miRNAs and eight mRNAs were considered as high-risk genes. Moreover, the high-risk group has a significantly shorter survival time in comparison with the low-risk group by the log-rank test (p = 0.0039). The reliability of the gene signature was validated by an independent data set from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Furthermore, three pairs of miRNA-mRNA, closely associated to survival, were identified. These findings and method may prove valuable for improving the clinical management of BRCA patients with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Bing
- 1 Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province , Lanzhou, China .,3 Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- 1 Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province , Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- 1 Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province , Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- 1 Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province , Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- 4 Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital , Lanzhou, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- 1 Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Science of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou, China .,2 Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province , Lanzhou, China
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28
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Jang S, Lee JH, Sohn BK, Kim E, Park SG, Yoon KJ, Park M, Kim EW, Jeong J, Lee JY, Kim CH, Namkoong K. Suppression of AIMP1 protects cognition in Alzheimer’s disease model mice 3xTg-AD. Neuroreport 2017; 28:82-86. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Wang W, Tan J, Xing Y, Kan N, Ling J, Dong G, Liu G, Chen H. p43 induces IP-10 expression through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in HMEC-1 cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1217-24. [PMID: 27574027 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p43 is a cofactor of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in mammals that effectively inhibits angiogenesis. However, the role of p43 in angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of p43 on angiogenesis using human microvascular endothelial cells-1 (HMEC-1) cells as a model. Our microarray data showed that p43 regulated a number of cytokines, and the majoity of these are involved in the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. IP-10 was previously shown to inhibit angiogenesis and suppress tumor growth via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that p43 induces both the mRNA and protein expression of IP-10. Furthermore, we demonstrated that p43 exerted an effect on the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by regulating key factors of the pathway. Using a JAK inhibitor, AG490, we studied the effect of p43 on HMEC-1 cells by blocking the JAK-STAT pathway. We found that AG490 inhibited the induction of IP-10 expression by p43, and suppressed the inhibitory effect of p43 on tubule formation and cell migration in HMEC-1 cells. We concluded that p43 inhibits tubule formation and cell migration by inducing IP-10 through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and blocking the JAK-STAT pathway with AG490 diminishes the inhibitory effects of p43 on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Tan
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Xing
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Naipeng Kan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Ling
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Guifu Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
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30
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Yum MK, Kang JS, Lee AE, Jo YW, Seo JY, Kim HA, Kim YY, Seong J, Lee EB, Kim JH, Han JM, Kim S, Kong YY. AIMP2 Controls Intestinal Stem Cell Compartments and Tumorigenesis by Modulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4559-68. [PMID: 27262173 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling is crucial for the proliferation and maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISC), but excessive activation leads to ISC expansion and eventually colorectal cancer. Thus, negative regulators are required to maintain optimal levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMP) function in protein synthesis, but have also been implicated in signaling cascades affecting angiogenesis, immunity, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between AIMP2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a murine model of intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Hemizygous deletion of Aimp2 resulted in enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, increased proliferation of cryptic epithelial cells, and expansion of ISC compartments. In an Apc(Min/+) background, Aimp2 hemizygosity increased adenoma formation. Mechanistically, AIMP2 disrupted the interaction between AXIN and Dishevelled-1 (DVL1) to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling by competing with AXIN. Furthermore, AIMP2 inhibited intestinal organoid formation and growth by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an Aimp2 gene dosage-dependent manner. Collectively, our results showed that AIMP2 acts as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that fine-tunes Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the intestine, illuminating the regulation of ISC abundance and activity. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4559-68. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Yum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Al-Eum Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-A Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Seong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Byul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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31
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Ahn J, Kumar H, Cha BH, Park S, Arai Y, Han I, Park SG, Lee SH. AIMP1 downregulation restores chondrogenic characteristics of dedifferentiated/degenerated chondrocytes by enhancing TGF-β signal. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2099. [PMID: 26890138 PMCID: PMC5399188 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiation and degeneration of chondrocytes critically influences the efficiency of cartilage repair. One of the causes is the defect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling that promotes chondrogenic differentiation and degeneration. In the present study, we found that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) negatively regulates TGF-β signaling via interactions with Smad2 and Smad3 in immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase assay. In addition, we observed that the AIMP1 expression level was significantly increased in osteoarthritis (OA) patient-derived degenerated chondrocytes compared with healthy control. So, we hypothesized that downregulation of AIMP1 using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) technology in dedifferentiated (collected at passage #6) and degenerated (obtained from OA-affected areas) chondrocytes could lead to recover TGF-β signaling in both chondrocytes. Indeed, AIMP1 downregulation restored TGF-β signaling by promoting phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, which shows redifferentiated characteristics in both dedifferentiated and degenerated chondrocytes. Additionally, implantation analyses using in vivo mouse model clearly showed that AIMP1 downregulation resulted in the increased chondrogenic potential as well as the enhanced cartilage tissue formation in both dedifferentiated and degenerated chondrocytes. Histological analyses clarified that AIMP1 downregulation increased expression levels of collagen type II (Col II) and aggrecan, but not Col I expression. Taken together, these data indicate that AIMP1 downregulation using siRNA is a novel tool to restore TGF-β signaling and thereby increases the chondrogenic potential of dedifferentiated/degenerated chondrocytes, which could be further developed as a therapeutic siRNA to treat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - B-H Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Arai
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - I Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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32
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Hong HJ, Lim HX, Song JH, Lee A, Kim E, Cho D, Cohen EP, Kim TS. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 suppresses tumor growth in breast cancer-bearing mice by negatively regulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell functions. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:61-72. [PMID: 26613952 PMCID: PMC11029743 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the most important cell types that contribute to negative regulation of immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1), a novel pleiotropic cytokine, was identified as an antitumor protein that inhibits angiogenesis and induces antitumor responses. However, the effect of AIMP1 on MDSCs in the tumor environment remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that AIMP1 significantly inhibited tumor growth in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice and reduced MDSCs population of tumor sites and spleens of tumor-bearing mice. AIMP1 reduced expansion of MDSCs from bone marrow-derived cells in the tumor-conditioned media. AIMP1 also negatively regulated suppressive activities of MDSCs by inhibiting IL-6 and NO production, and Arg-1 expression. Furthermore, treatment of breast cancer-bearing mice with AIMP1 decreased the capacity of MDSCs to suppress T cell proliferation and Treg cell induction. Western blot and inhibition experiments showed that downregulation of MDSCs functions by AIMP1 may result from attenuated activation of STATs, Akt, and ERK. These findings indicate that AIMP1 plays an essential role in negative regulation of suppressive functions of MDSCs. Therefore, it has a significant potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Hong
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Arim Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Division of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward P Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Room 607, Hana Science Building, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Ahn J, Son MK, Jung KH, Kim K, Kim GJ, Lee SH, Hong SS, Park SG. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase interacting multi-functional protein 1 attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGFβ signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:747-55. [PMID: 26692190 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase interacting multi-functional protein 1 (AIMP1) participates in a variety of cellular processes, including translation, cell proliferation, inflammation and wound healing. Previously, we showed that the N-terminal peptide of AIMP1 (6-46 aa) induced ERK phosphorylation. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which is induced by TGFβ signaling, and activated ERK is known to induce the phosphorylation of SMAD, thereby inhibiting TGFβ signaling. We assessed whether the AIMP1 peptide can inhibit collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by activating ERK. The AIMP1 peptide induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 via ERK activation, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of SMAD, resulting in a reduction of the synthesis of type I collagen. The AIMP1 peptide attenuated liver fibrosis induced by CCl4, in a dose-dependent manner. Masson-Trichrome staining showed that the AIMP1 peptide reduced collagen deposition. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the levels of α-SMA, TGFβ and type I collagen were all reduced by the AIMP1 peptide. Liver toxicity analysis showed that the AIMP1 peptide improved the levels of relevant biological parameters in the blood. These results suggest that AIMP1 peptide may have potential for development as a therapeutic agent to treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kwon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, Bundang CHA General Hospital, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyunggido, Republic of Korea
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34
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Liang D, Halpert MM, Konduri V, Decker WK. Stepping Out of the Cytosol: AIMp1/p43 Potentiates the Link Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:367-81. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1077829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Lei HY, Zhou XL, Ruan ZR, Sun WC, Eriani G, Wang ED. Calpain Cleaves Most Components in the Multiple Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Complex and Affects Their Functions. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26314-27. [PMID: 26324710 PMCID: PMC4646279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) and three scaffold proteins form a super multiple aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) in the human cytoplasm. Domains that have been added progressively to MSC components during evolution are linked by unstructured flexible peptides, producing an elongated and multiarmed MSC structure that is easily attacked by proteases in vivo. A yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins interacting with LeuRS, a representative MSC member, identified calpain 2, a calcium-activated neutral cysteine protease. Calpain 2 and calpain 1 could partially hydrolyze most MSC components to generate specific fragments that resembled those reported previously. The cleavage sites of calpain in ArgRS, GlnRS, and p43 were precisely mapped. After cleavage, their N-terminal regions were removed. Sixty-three amino acid residues were removed from the N terminus of ArgRS to form ArgRSΔN63; GlnRS formed GlnRSΔN198, and p43 formed p43ΔN106. GlnRSΔN198 had a much weaker affinity for its substrates, tRNA(Gln) and glutamine. p43ΔN106 was the same as the previously reported p43-derived apoptosis-released factor. The formation of p43ΔN106 by calpain depended on Ca(2+) and could be specifically inhibited by calpeptin and by RNAi of the regulatory subunit of calpain in vivo. These results showed, for the first time, that calpain plays an essential role in dissociating the MSC and might regulate the canonical and non-canonical functions of certain components of the MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yan Lei
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ruan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Sun
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China, The School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
| | - Gilbert Eriani
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, UPR9002 CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - En-Duo Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China, The School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China, and
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The antibody atliximab attenuates collagen-induced arthritis by neutralizing AIMP1, an inflammatory cytokine that enhances osteoclastogenesis. Biomaterials 2015; 44:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Xu H, Malinin NL, Awasthi N, Schwarz RE, Schwarz MA. The N terminus of pro-endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) regulates its binding with the C terminus, arginyl-tRNA synthetase, and neurofilament light protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9753-66. [PMID: 25724651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), one component of the multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex, plays multiple roles in physiological and pathological processes of protein translation, signal transduction, immunity, lung development, and tumor growth. Recent studies have determined that pro-EMAP II has an essential role in maintaining axon integrity in central and peripheral neural systems where deletion of the C terminus of pro-EMAP II has been reported in a consanguineous Israeli Bedouin kindred suffering from Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. We hypothesized that the N terminus of pro-EMAP II has an important role in the regulation of protein-protein interactions. Using a GFP reporter system, we defined a putative leucine zipper in the N terminus of human pro-EMAP II protein (amino acid residues 1-70) that can form specific strip-like punctate structures. Through GFP punctum analysis, we uncovered that the pro-EMAP II C terminus (amino acids 147-312) can repress GFP punctum formation. Pulldown assays confirmed that the binding between the pro-EMAP II N terminus and its C terminus is mediated by a putative leucine zipper. Furthermore, the pro-EMAP II 1-70 amino acid region was identified as the binding partner of arginyl-tRNA synthetase, a polypeptide of the multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex. We also determined that the punctate GFP pro-EMAP II 1-70 amino acid aggregate colocalizes and binds to the neurofilament light subunit protein that is associated with pathologic neurofilament network disorganization and degeneration of motor neurons. These findings indicate the structure and binding interaction of pro-EMAP II protein and suggest a role of this protein in pathological neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Xu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 and
| | - Nikolay L Malinin
- the Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Niranjan Awasthi
- the Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | | | - Margaret A Schwarz
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390 and the Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana 46617
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38
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Jeong JH, Park M, Park M, Lim EJ, Kim HR, Song H, Park SG, Choi EJ, Hong KH, Lee DR, Ko JJ, Choi Y. The expression of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein-1 (Aimp1) is regulated by estrogen in the mouse uterus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:78-86. [PMID: 25132647 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aimp1 is known as a multifunctional cytokine in various cellular events. Recent study showed Aimp1 is localized in glandular epithelial, endothelial, and stromal cells in functionalis and basalis layers of the endometrium. However, the regulatory mechanism of Aimp1 in the uterus remains unknown. In the present study, we found that Aimp1 is expressed in the mouse uterus. Aimp1 transcripts were decreased at diestrus stage. However, the level of Aimp1 protein was significantly increased in the luminal epithelium in the uterine endometrium at estrus stage during the estrous cycle. We found that treatment of estrogen increased the expression of Aimp1 in the uterus in ovarectomized mice. We identified one estrogen receptor binding element (ERE) on mouse Aimp1 promoter. The activity of Aimp1 promoter was increased with estrogen treatment. Our findings indicate that Aimp1 might act as an important regulator to remodel the uterine endometrium and its expression might be regulated by estrogen during the estrous cycle. This will give us better understanding of the dynamic change of uterine remodeling during the estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Miree Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Miseon Park
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Hye-Ryun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Hong
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Jeong-Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Korea; Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul 135-081, Korea.
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Regulation of angiogenesis by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23725-48. [PMID: 25535072 PMCID: PMC4284789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their canonical roles in translation the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) have developed secondary functions over the course of evolution. Many of these activities are associated with cellular survival and nutritional stress responses essential for homeostatic processes in higher eukaryotes. In particular, six ARSs and one associated factor have documented functions in angiogenesis. However, despite their connection to this process, the ARSs are mechanistically distinct and exhibit a range of positive or negative effects on aspects of endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and survival. This variability is achieved through the appearance of appended domains and interplay with inflammatory pathways not found in prokaryotic systems. Complete knowledge of the non-canonical functions of ARSs is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying the physiological regulation of angiogenesis.
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40
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Zhou JJ, Wang F, Xu Z, Lo WS, Lau CF, Chiang KP, Nangle LA, Ashlock MA, Mendlein JD, Yang XL, Zhang M, Schimmel P. Secreted histidyl-tRNA synthetase splice variants elaborate major epitopes for autoantibodies in inflammatory myositis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19269-75. [PMID: 24898250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c114.571026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and debilitating myositis and interstitial lung disease are commonly associated with autoantibodies (anti-Jo-1 antibodies) to cytoplasmic histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS). Anti-Jo-1 antibodies from different disease-afflicted patients react mostly with spatially separated epitopes in the three-dimensional structure of human HisRS. We noted that two HisRS splice variants (SVs) include these spatially separated regions, but each SV lacks the HisRS catalytic domain. Despite the large deletions, the two SVs cross-react with a substantial population of anti-Jo-l antibodies from myositis patients. Moreover, expression of at least one of the SVs is up-regulated in dermatomyositis patients, and cell-based experiments show that both SVs and HisRS can be secreted. We suggest that, in patients with inflammatory myositis, anti-Jo-1 antibodies may have extracellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie J Zhou
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and Pangu BioPharma, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and Pangu BioPharma, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and Pangu BioPharma, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Sze Lo
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and Pangu BioPharma, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Fun Lau
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and Pangu BioPharma, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Schimmel
- From the IAS HKUST-Scripps R&D Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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41
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Kim MS, Kim S, Myung H. Degradation of AIMP1/p43 induced by hepatitis C virus E2 leads to upregulation of TGF-β signaling and increase in surface expression of gp96. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96302. [PMID: 24816397 PMCID: PMC4015952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis and autoimmune diseases. AIMP1/p43 is a multifunctional protein initially known as a cofactor of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex. Its function includes negative regulation of TGF-β signaling and suppression of Lupus-like autoimmune disease by inhibition of surface expression of gp96. HCV E2 was shown to directly interact with AIMP1/p43 by GST pulldown assay and coimmunoprecipitation. Their subcellular colocalization was observed in an immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. We showed that HCV E2 led to degradation of AIMP1/p43 in two ways. First, in the presence of HCV E2, endogenous AIMP1/p43 was shown to be degraded in an ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway. Second, grp78, an ER chaperone, was shown to interact with and stabilize AIMP1/p43. And HCV E2 inhibited this interaction leading to reduction of cellular AIMP1/p43. The degradation of AIMP1/p43 by HCV E2 resulted in increase of TGF-β signaling and cell surface expression of gp96. Thus we suggest that these are novel mechanisms responsible for liver fibrosis and autoimmune diseases caused by HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Soo Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, Gyung-Gi Do, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejoon Myung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, Gyung-Gi Do, Korea
- * E-mail:
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42
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Lal CV, Schwarz MA. Vascular mediators in chronic lung disease of infancy: role of endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:180-8. [PMID: 24619875 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of prematurity. Over the years, the BPD phenotype has evolved, but despite various advances in neonatal management approaches, the reduction in the BPD burden is minimal. With the advent of surfactant, glucocorticoids, and new ventilation strategies, BPD has evolved from a disease of structural injury into a new BPD, marked by an arrest in alveolar growth in the lungs of extremely premature infants. This deficient alveolar growth has been associated with a diminution of pulmonary vasculature. Several investigators have described the epithelial / vascular co-dependency and the significant role of crosstalk between vessel formation, alveologenesis, and lung dysplasia's; hence identification and study of factors that regulate pulmonary vascular emergence and inflammation has become crucial in devising effective therapeutic approaches for this debilitating condition. The potent antiangiogenic and proinflammatory protein Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptide II (EMAP II) has been described as a mediator of pulmonary vascular and alveolar formation and its expression is inversely related to the periods of vascularization and alveolarization in the developing lung. Hence the study of EMAP II could play a vital role in studying and devising appropriate therapeutics for diseases of aberrant lung development, such as BPD. Herein, we review the vascular contribution to lung development and the implications that vascular mediators such as EMAP II have in distal lung formation during the vulnerable stage of alveolar genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charitharth Vivek Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
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He Y, Gong J, Wang Y, Qin Z, Jiang Y, Ma H, Jin G, Chen J, Hu Z, Guan X, Shen H. Potentially functional polymorphisms in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases genes are associated with breast cancer risk in a Chinese population. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:577-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yisha He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Jianhang Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Southern Medical University; 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing Jiangsu Province P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Institute of Toxicology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Institute of Toxicology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Institute of Toxicology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Institute of Toxicology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Institute of Toxicology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Southern Medical University; 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing Jiangsu Province P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center; School of Public Health; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Institute of Toxicology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing P.R. China
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Sun L, Yang Q, Wang P, Liu D, Liang W, Lin S, Yuan S. The influence of YS-1 on the Dll4-Notch1 signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 46:56-64. [PMID: 24274976 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of p43 and YS-1 (recombinant human p43 protein) in Dll4-Notch1 signaling pathway. Active, small interfering RNA and recombinant plasmid targeting of p43 protein were used to infect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Three-dimensional sprouting model, endothelial cell migration assay, and sprouting and tube formation assay were used to deduce the function of p43 and YS-1 in angiogenesis. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to detect the efficiency of p43 in Dll4-Notch1 signaling in HUVECs. It was found that silencing and overexpression of p43 could upregulate Dll4-Notch and stimulate angiogenesis. p43 plays a complex role in angiogenesis. When the concentration is under 100 nM, it promotes angiogenesis; instead, when the concentration is over 100 nM, it inhibits angiogenesis. In this study, we found that the expression level of p43 was under 60 nM. However, recombinant human p43 protein, YS-1, inhibited endothelial cell sprouting, and 500 μg/ml of YS-1 attenuated the activation of Dll4-Notch1 signaling. These results suggested that YS-1 could directly inhibit angiogenesis through Dll4-Notch1 signal transduction pathway, while p43 plays a modulating role in this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- National Nanjing New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Kim SY, Son WS, Park MC, Kim CM, Cha BH, Yoon KJ, Lee SH, Park SG. ARS-interacting multi-functional protein 1 induces proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by accumulation of β-catenin via fibroblast growth factor receptor 2-mediated activation of Akt. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2630-40. [PMID: 23672191 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
ARS-Interacting Multi-functional Protein 1 (AIMP1) is a cytokine that is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, immune activation, and fibroblast proliferation. In this study, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was isolated as a binding partner of AIMP peptide (amino acids 6-46) in affinity purification using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). AIMP1 peptide induced the proliferation of adult BMMSCs by activating Akt, inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and thereby increasing the level of β-catenin. In addition, AIMP1 peptide induced the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and increased the transcription of c-myc and cyclin D1 by activating the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) complex. By contrast, transfection of dominant negative TCF abolished the effect of AIMP1. The inhibition of Akt, using LY294002, abolished the accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin induced by AIMP1, leading to a decrease in c-myc and cyclin D1 expression, which decreased the proliferation of BMMSCs. An intraperitoneal injection of AIMP1 peptide into C57/BL6 mice increased the colony formation of fibroblast-like cells. Fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis showed that the colony-forming cells were CD29(+)/CD44(+)/CD90(+)/CD105(+)/CD34(-)/CD45(-), which is characteristic of MSCs. In addition, the fibroblast-like cells differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that AIMP1 peptide promotes the proliferation of BMMSCs by activating the β-catenin/TCF complex via FGFR2-mediated activation of Akt, which leads to an increase in MSCs in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yoon Kim
- 1 Laboratory for Tracing of Gene Function, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University , Sungnam-si, Korea
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46
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Lee SW, Kim G, Kim S. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 1/p43: an emerging therapeutic protein working at systems level. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:945-57. [PMID: 23484969 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.8.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug discovery programs are based on the presumption of one drug-one action-one disease, which is frustrated by the complexity of biological systems. Because the aberration of a single gene often leads to multiple pathological symptoms, we should understand the functional network of the disease-related proteins to develop effective therapy. OBJECTIVES To describe how activities of proteins are reflected in phenotypes and their pathological implications using aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multi-functional protein 1 (AIMP1). METHODS The physiological activities of AIMP1 are unveiled through in vitro approaches and in vivo phenotyptic investigation. Bioinformatics tool was used to combine all AIMP1-target proteins. CONCLUSION Although a cytosolic protein, AIMP1 can be secreted as a cytokine to control immune response, angiogenesis and wound healing, and as a glucagon-like hormone for glucose homeostasis. It is involved in the regulation of autoimmune control and TGF-β signaling within the cells. AIMP1-deficient mice developed multiple phenotypes in immune systems, metabolism and body growth. The therapeutic potential of this multi-functional protein with associated biological activities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Seoul National University of Education, Department of Science and Technology Education for Life, 1650, Seocho-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-742, Korea
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47
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Son SH, Park MC, Kim S. Extracellular activities of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: new mediators for cell-cell communication. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 344:145-66. [PMID: 24352603 DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, many reports have discussed aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) in extracellular space. Now that so many of them are known to be secreted with distinct activities in the broad range of target cells including endothelial, various immune cells, and fibroblasts, they need to be classified as a new family of extracellular signal mediators. In this chapter the identity of the secreted ARSs, receptors, and their physiological and pathological implications will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Son
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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48
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Kim YW, Kwon C, Liu JL, Kim SH, Kim S. Cancer association study of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase signaling network in glioblastoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40960. [PMID: 22952576 PMCID: PMC3432027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) and ARS-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) exhibit remarkable functional versatility beyond their catalytic activities in protein synthesis. Their non-canonical functions have been pathologically linked to cancers. Here we described our integrative genome-wide analysis of ARSs to show cancer-associated activities in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. We first selected 23 ARS/AIMPs (together referred to as ARSN), 124 cancer-associated druggable target genes (DTGs) and 404 protein-protein interactors (PPIs) of ARSs using NCI’s cancer gene index. 254 GBM affymetrix microarray data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify the probe sets whose expression were most strongly correlated with survival (Kaplan-Meier plots versus survival times, log-rank t-test <0.05). The analysis identified 122 probe sets as survival signatures, including 5 of ARSN (VARS, QARS, CARS, NARS, FARS), and 115 of DTGs and PPIs (PARD3, RXRB, ATP5C1, HSP90AA1, CD44, THRA, TRAF2, KRT10, MED12, etc). Of note, 61 survival-related probes were differentially expressed in three different prognosis subgroups in GBM patients and showed correlation with established prognosis markers such as age and phenotypic molecular signatures. CARS and FARS also showed significantly higher association with different molecular networks in GBM patients. Taken together, our findings demonstrate evidence for an ARSN biology-dominant contribution in the biology of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wan Kim
- Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - ChangHyuk Kwon
- Systems Biomedical Informatics National Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juinn-Lin Liu
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kang T, Kwon NH, Lee JY, Park MC, Kang E, Kim HH, Kang TJ, Kim S. AIMP3/p18 controls translational initiation by mediating the delivery of charged initiator tRNA to initiation complex. J Mol Biol 2012; 423:475-81. [PMID: 22867704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) are nonenzymatic scaffolding proteins that comprise multisynthetase complex (MSC) with nine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in higher eukaryotes. Among the three AIMPs, AIMP3/p18 is strongly anchored to methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) in the MSC. MRS attaches methionine (Met) to initiator tRNA (tRNA(i)(Met)) and plays an important role in translation initiation. It is known that AIMP3 is dispatched to nucleus or nuclear membrane to induce DNA damage response or senescence; however, the role of AIMP3 in translation as a component of MSC and the meaning of its interaction with MRS are still unclear. Herein, we observed that AIMP3 specifically interacted with Met-tRNA(i)(Met)in vitro, while it showed little or reduced interaction with unacylated or lysine-charged tRNA(i)(Met). In addition, AIMP3 discriminates Met-tRNA(i)(Met) from Met-charged elongator tRNA based on filter-binding assay. Pull-down assay revealed that AIMP3 and MRS had noncompetitive interaction with eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) γ subunit (eIF2γ), which is in charge of binding with Met-tRNA(i)(Met) for the delivery of Met-tRNA(i)(Met) to ribosome. AIMP3 recruited active eIF2γ to the MRS-AIMP3 complex, and the level of Met-tRNA(i)(Met) bound to eIF2 complex was reduced by AIMP3 knockdown resulting in reduced protein synthesis. All these results suggested the novel function of AIMP3 as a critical mediator of Met-tRNA(i)(Met) transfer from MRS to eIF2 complex for the accurate and efficient translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehee Kang
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Tandem mass spectrometry identifies many mouse brain O-GlcNAcylated proteins including EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:7280-5. [PMID: 22517741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200425109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a reversible posttranslational modification of Ser and Thr residues on cytosolic and nuclear proteins of higher eukaryotes catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAc has recently been found on Notch1 extracellular domain catalyzed by EGF domain-specific OGT. Aberrant O-GlcNAc modification of brain proteins has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, understanding specific functions of O-GlcNAcylation in AD has been impeded by the difficulty in characterization of O-GlcNAc sites on proteins. In this study, we modified a chemical/enzymatic photochemical cleavage approach for enriching O-GlcNAcylated peptides in samples containing ∼100 μg of tryptic peptides from mouse cerebrocortical brain tissue. A total of 274 O-GlcNAcylated proteins were identified. Of these, 168 were not previously known to be modified by O-GlcNAc. Overall, 458 O-GlcNAc sites in 195 proteins were identified. Many of the modified residues are either known phosphorylation sites or located proximal to known phosphorylation sites. These findings support the proposed regulatory cross-talk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. This study produced the most comprehensive O-GlcNAc proteome of mammalian brain tissue with both protein identification and O-GlcNAc site assignment. Interestingly, we observed O-β-GlcNAc on EGF-like repeats in the extracellular domains of five membrane proteins, expanding the evidence for extracellular O-GlcNAcylation by the EGF domain-specific OGT. We also report a GlcNAc-β-1,3-Fuc-α-1-O-Thr modification on the EGF-like repeat of the versican core protein, a proposed substrate of Fringe β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases.
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