1
|
Braun VZ, Karbon G, Schuler F, Schapfl MA, Weiss JG, Petermann PY, Spierings DC, Tijhuis AE, Foijer F, Labi V, Villunger A. Extra centrosomes delay DNA damage-driven tumorigenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0564. [PMID: 38552015 PMCID: PMC10980279 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Deregulated centrosome numbers are frequently found in human cancer and can promote malignancies in model organisms. Current research aims to clarify if extra centrosomes are cause or consequence of malignant transformation, and if their biogenesis can be targeted for therapy. Here, we show that oncogene-driven blood cancer is inert to genetic manipulation of centrosome numbers, whereas the formation of DNA damage-induced malignancies is delayed. We provide first evidence that this unexpected phenomenon is connected to extra centrosomes eliciting a pro-death signal engaging the apoptotic machinery. Apoptosis induction requires the PIDDosome multi-protein complex, as it can be abrogated by loss of any of its three components, Caspase-2, Raidd/Cradd, or Pidd1. BCL2 overexpression equally blocks cell death, documenting for the first time induction of mitochondrial apoptosis downstream of extra centrosomes. Our findings demonstrate context-dependent effects of centrosome amplification during transformation and ask to adjust current belief that extra centrosomes are intrinsically pro-tumorigenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Z. Braun
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Karbon
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Schuler
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina A. Schapfl
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes G. Weiss
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Y. Petermann
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Diana C.J. Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrea E. Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Verena Labi
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang W, Zhang B, Yang Z. Emerging role and therapeutic implications of p53 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:433. [PMID: 38040675 PMCID: PMC10692240 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disease that imposes a huge economic burden on both individuals and society. With the aggravation of social aging, the incidence of LBP has increased globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of LBP. Currently, IDD treatment strategies include physiotherapy, medication, and surgery; however, none can address the root cause by ending the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, in recent years, targeted therapy based on specific molecules has brought hope for treating IDD. The tumor suppressor gene p53 produces a transcription factor that regulates cell metabolism and survival. Recently, p53 was shown to play an important role in maintaining IVD microenvironment homeostasis by regulating IVD cell senescence, apoptosis, and metabolism by activating downstream target genes. This study reviews research progress regarding the potential role of p53 in IDD and discusses the challenges of targeting p53 in the treatment of IDD. This review will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of IDD and provide insights for the future development of precision treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shouye Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binfei Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai F, Guo M, Shao Y, Li C. Vibrio splendidus flagellin C binds tropomodulin to induce p38 MAPK-mediated p53-dependent coelomocyte apoptosis in Echinodermata. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102091. [PMID: 35654141 PMCID: PMC9249833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical pathogen-associated molecular pattern, bacterial flagellin can bind Toll-like receptor 5 and the intracellular NAIP5 receptor component of the NLRC4 inflammasome to induce immune responses in mammals. However, these flagellin receptors are generally poorly understood in lower animal species. In this study, we found that the isolated flagellum of Vibrio splendidus AJ01 destroyed the integrity of the tissue structure of coelomocytes and promoted apoptosis in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. To further investigate the molecular mechanism, the novel intracellular LRR domain-containing protein tropomodulin (AjTmod) was identified as a protein that interacts with flagellin C (FliC) with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.0086 ± 0.33 μM by microscale thermophoresis assay. We show that knockdown of AjTmod also depressed FliC-induced apoptosis of coelomocytes. Further functional analysis with different inhibitor treatments revealed that the interaction between AjTmod and FliC could specifically activate p38 MAPK, but not JNK or ERK MAP kinases. We demonstrate that the transcription factor p38 is then translocated into the nucleus, where it mediates the expression of p53 to induce coelomocyte apoptosis. Our findings provide the first evidence that intracellular AjTmod serves as a novel receptor of FliC and mediates p53-dependent coelomocyte apoptosis by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in Echinodermata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fa Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; State-Province Joint Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pathak A, Pandey V, Raj Pokharel Y, Devaraji V, Ali A, Haider K, Saad S, Dewangan RP, Siddiqui N, Shahar Yar M. Pharmacophore based drug design and synthesis of oxindole bearing hybrid as anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105358. [PMID: 34544029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual TK inhibitors have shown significant clinical effects against many tumors, but with unmanageable side effects. Design approach and selectivity of these inhibitors plays substantial role in their potency and side-effects. Understanding the homology of binding sites in targeted receptors, and involvement of signaling proteins after the inhibition might help in producing less toxic but effective inhibitors. Herein, we designed benzylideneindolon-2-one derivatives based on homology modeling in binding sites of VEGFR-2 and EGFR receptors as dual- inhibitor potent anticancer compounds with high selectivity. The benzylideneindolon-2-one derivatives were found to possess conformational switch in form of oxindole, substituted at 2-benzimidazole. Within synthesized compounds, 5b was found most active in in-vitro enzyme inhibition assay against VEGFR-2 and EGFR with highest IC50 value of 6.81 ± 2.55 and 13.04 ± 4.07 nM, respectively. Interestingly, cytotoxicity studies revealed selective toxicity of compound 5b against proliferation of A-431 cell lines (over expressed VEGFR-2 and EGFR) with GI50 value of 0.9 ± 0.66 µM. However, the compounds showed mild to moderate activity in all other cancer cell line in the range of 0.2-100 μM. Further mode of action studies by flow cytometry and western blot on A-431 indicated that they work via apoptosis at S- phase following Bcl/Bax pathway, and cell migration via MMP9. 5b not only suppressed tumor growth but also improved vandetanib associated with weight loss toxicity. Moreover, 5b was found safer than sunitinib and erlotinib with LD50 of 500 mg/kg body weight. These results propose 5b as potential anti-tumor drug with safer profile of conventional inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and EGFR for solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Devaraji
- Computational Drug Design Lab, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Suma Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - M Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPER, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A carbazole compound, 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde, plays an antitumor function through reactivation of the p53 pathway in human melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:591. [PMID: 34103468 PMCID: PMC8187445 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p53, the major tumor suppressor, is frequently mutated in many cancers, and up to 84% of human melanomas harbor wild-type p53, which is considered to be an ideal target for melanoma therapy. Here, we evaluated the antitumor activity of a carbazole derivative, 9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbaldehyde (ECCA), on melanoma cells. ECCA had a selectively strong inhibitory activity against the growth of BRAF-mutated and BRAF-wild-type melanoma cells but had little effect on normal human primary melanocytes. ECCA inhibited melanoma cell growth by increasing cell apoptosis, which was associated with the upregulation of caspase activities and was significantly abrogated by the addition of a caspase inhibitor. In vivo assays confirmed that ECCA suppressed melanoma growth by enhancing cell apoptosis and reducing cell proliferation, and importantly ECCA did not have any evident toxic effects on normal tissues. RNA-Seq analysis identified several pathways related to cell apoptosis that were affected by ECCA, notably, activation of the p53 signaling pathway. Biochemical assays demonstrated that ECCA enhanced the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 in melanoma cells harboring wild-type p53, and importantly, the knockdown or deletion of p53 in those cells counteracted the ECCA-induced apoptosis, as well as senescence. Further investigations revealed that ECCA enhanced the phosphorylation of p38-MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and treatment with either a p38-MAPK or a JNK inhibitor rescued the cell growth inhibition elicited by ECCA, which depended on the expression of the p53 gene. Finally, the combination of ECCA with a BRAF inhibitor significantly enhanced the growth inhibition of melanoma cells. In summary, our study demonstrates that the carbazole derivative, ECCA, induces melanoma cell apoptosis and senescence through the activation of p53 to significantly and selectively suppress the growth of melanoma cells without affecting normal human melanocytes, suggesting its potential to develop a new drug for melanoma therapy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Han S, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang Z, Wang HMD, Yuan Q. Sulforaphene inhibits esophageal cancer progression via suppressing SCD and CDH3 expression, and activating the GADD45B-MAP2K3-p38-p53 feedback loop. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:713. [PMID: 32873775 PMCID: PMC7463232 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancer with limited therapeutic strategies, thus it is important to develop more effective strategies to against it. Sulforaphene (SFE), an isothiocyanate isolated from radish seeds, was proved to inhibit esophageal cancer progression in the current study. Flow cytometric analysis showed SFE induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Also, scrape motility and transwell assays presented SFE reduced esophageal cancer cell metastasis. Microarray results showed the influence of SFE on esophageal cancer cells was related with stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), cadherin 3 (CDH3), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MAP2K3) and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta (GADD45B). SCD and CDH3 could promote esophageal cancer metastasis via activating the Wnt pathway, while the latter one was involved in a positive feedback loop, GADD45B-MAP2K3-p38-p53, to suppress esophageal cancer growth. GADD45B was known to be the target gene of p53, and we proved in this study, it could increase the phosphorylation level of MAP2K3 in esophageal cancer cells, activating p38 and p53 in turn. SFE treatment elevated MAP2K3 and GADD45B expression and further stimulated this feedback loop to better exert antitumor effect. In summary, these results demonstrated that SFE had the potential for developing as a chemotherapeutic agent because of its inhibitory effects on esophageal cancer metastasis and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen City, 361021, Fujian Province, P.R. China.
- Undergraduate Program Study of Biomedical Engineering, Physics Department, Airlangga University, Surabaya City, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Y, Lai W, Zhao M, Yue C, Shi F, Li R, Hu Z. Plastin 3 down-regulation augments the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to paclitaxel via the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:685-695. [PMID: 30829071 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1576707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastin 3 (PLS3) overexpression may serve as a marker for predicting chemotherapeutic outcomes in drug-resistant cancer cells, but the mechanism is unclear. Herein, we show that the down-regulation of PLS3 by PLS3 gene silencing augments the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Interestingly, a low concentration of paclitaxel was able to induce strong apoptosis in the PLS3-silenced cells. Further study revealed that p38 MAPK signalling was responsible for the increased sensitivity to paclitaxel in these cells, as the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 impaired the changes mediated by PLS3 down-regulation in response to paclitaxel. Therefore, our study identifies PLS3 as a potential target for enhancing the p38 MAPK-mediated apoptosis induced by paclitaxel. Unlike paclitaxel, Abraxane was unable to induce strong apoptosis in the PLS3-silenced cells. As PLS3 was found to be involved in the process of endocytosis in breast cancer cells, the reliance of cellular Abraxane uptake on this process may render it not as efficient as paclitaxel in PLS3-depleted tumour cells. The finding that PLS3 could be a critical regulator of paclitaxel sensitivity may have important implications for breast cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing , China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing , China
| | - Minzhi Zhao
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing , China
| | - Chunyan Yue
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing , China.,b Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Fanghao Shi
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing , China.,b Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ren Li
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing , China.,c Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing , China.,d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing , China.,b Sino-Danish College , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China.,e Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rudolf E. Increased Uptake of Zinc in Malignant Cells is Associated with Enhanced Activation of MAPK Signalling and P53-Dependent Cell Injury. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2017; 51:43-9. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Excess intracellular zinc has been demonstrated to be responsible for cell injury and cell death in various experimental as well as clinical models. While the cells possess a system of mechanisms regulating intracellular zinc homeostasis, their saturation by acutely increased zinc levels or by a sustained exposure to elevated zinc levels results in liberation of free zinc stores within the cells and ultimate cell damage and cell death. Here we report that in Hep-2 malignant cells enhanced uptake of zinc causes activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling with resulting p53-dependent cell injury which can be significantly prevented by specific p53 inhibition and by prevention of oxidative stress. Our observations are consistent with the view that subacutely increased intracellular free zinc levels stimulate via oxidative stress p53-dependent pathways which are responsible for the final cell damage in tumor cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan F, Chen X, Liu J, Feng W, Wu X, Chen SY. Up-regulation of Siah1 by ethanol triggers apoptosis in neural crest cells through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of p53 signaling pathway. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:775-784. [PMID: 27270636 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Seven in absentia homolog 1 (Siah1) is one of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and plays a key role in regulating target protein degradation. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that Siah1 mediates ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of the p53 signaling pathway. We found that exposure of NCCs to ethanol resulted in the increases in the total protein levels of p53 and the phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15. Ethanol exposure also resulted in a significant increase in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Knock-down of Siah1 dramatically reduced the ethanol-induced increase in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Knock-down of Siah1 by siRNA or down-regulation of p38 MAPK by either siRNA or inhibitor significantly diminished ethanol-induced accumulations of p53 and the phosphorylation of p53. In addition, ethanol exposure resulted in a significant increase in the expression of p53 downstream targets and apoptosis in NCCs, which can be significantly diminished by down-regulation of Siah1 with siRNA. Knock-down of p38 MAPK by siRNA also dramatically reduced the ethanol-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that Siah1 plays a crucial role in ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs, and that the up-regulation of Siah1 by ethanol can trigger apoptosis through p38 MAPK-mediated activation of the p53 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Xiaopan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park HR, Lee SE, Yang H, Son GW, Park YS. Functional screening of altered microRNA expression in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-014-8403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Gellersen B, Brosens JJ. Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:851-905. [PMID: 25141152 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decidualization denotes the transformation of endometrial stromal fibroblasts into specialized secretory decidual cells that provide a nutritive and immunoprivileged matrix essential for embryo implantation and placental development. In contrast to most mammals, decidualization of the human endometrium does not require embryo implantation. Instead, this process is driven by the postovulatory rise in progesterone levels and increasing local cAMP production. In response to falling progesterone levels, spontaneous decidualization causes menstrual shedding and cyclic regeneration of the endometrium. A growing body of evidence indicates that the shift from embryonic to maternal control of the decidual process represents a pivotal evolutionary adaptation to the challenge posed by invasive and chromosomally diverse human embryos. This concept is predicated on the ability of decidualizing stromal cells to respond to individual embryos in a manner that either promotes implantation and further development or facilitates early rejection. Furthermore, menstruation and cyclic regeneration involves stem cell recruitment and renders the endometrium intrinsically capable of adapting its decidual response to maximize reproductive success. Here we review the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine cues that tightly govern this differentiation process. In response to activation of various signaling pathways and genome-wide chromatin remodeling, evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors gain access to the decidua-specific regulatory circuitry. Once initiated, the decidual process is poised to transit through distinct phenotypic phases that underpin endometrial receptivity, embryo selection, and, ultimately, resolution of pregnancy. We discuss how disorders that subvert the programming, initiation, or progression of decidualization compromise reproductive health and predispose for pregnancy failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Gellersen
- Endokrinologikum Hamburg (B.G.), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and Division of Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo H, Liu Z, Xu B, Hu H, Wei Z, Liu Q, Zhang X, Ding X, Wang Y, Zhao M, Gong Y, Shao C. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 is transactivated by p53 and induces p38-mediated cellular senescence in response to DNA damage. Aging Cell 2013; 12:1110-21. [PMID: 23869868 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells may undergo permanent growth arrest/senescence when they incur excessive DNA damage. As a key player during DNA damage response (DDR), p53 transactivates an array of target genes that are involved in various cellular processes including the induction of cellular senescence. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 was previously reported to mediate replicative and oncogene-induced senescence in a DDR and p53-dependent manner. Here, we report that CXCR2 is upregulated in various types of cells in response to genotoxic or oxidative stress. Unexpectedly, we found that the upregulation of CXCR2 depends on the function of p53. Like other p53 target genes such as p21, CXCR2 is transactivated by p53. We identified a p53-binding site in the CXCR2 promoter that responds to changes in p53 functional status. Thus, CXCR2 may act downstream of p53. While the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) exhibits a kinetics that is distinct from that of CXCR2 expression and does not require p53, it reinforces senescence. We further showed that the cellular senescence caused by CXCR2 upregulation is mediated by p38 activation. Our results thus demonstrate CXCR2 as a critical mediator of cellular senescence downstream of p53 in response to DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Bing Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Huili Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Xuebin Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Minnan Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology and Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Shandong University School of Medicine; Jinan Shandong 250012 China
- Department of Genetics; Rutgers University; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mechanisms of radiation toxicity in transformed and non-transformed cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15931-58. [PMID: 23912235 PMCID: PMC3759894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage to biological systems is determined by the type of radiation, the total dosage of exposure, the dose rate, and the region of the body exposed. Three modes of cell death—necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy—as well as accelerated senescence have been demonstrated to occur in vitro and in vivo in response to radiation in cancer cells as well as in normal cells. The basis for cellular selection for each mode depends on various factors including the specific cell type involved, the dose of radiation absorbed by the cell, and whether it is proliferating and/or transformed. Here we review the signaling mechanisms activated by radiation for the induction of toxicity in transformed and normal cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of radiation toxicity is critical for the development of radiation countermeasures as well as for the improvement of clinical radiation in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bichsel KJ, Gogia N, Malouff T, Pena Z, Forney E, Hammiller B, Watson P, Hansen LA. Role for the epidermal growth factor receptor in chemotherapy-induced alopecia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69368. [PMID: 23894460 PMCID: PMC3716704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer patients with chemotherapeutics like cyclophosphamide often causes alopecia as a result of premature and aberrant catagen. Because the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signals anagen hair follicles to enter catagen, we hypothesized that EGFR signaling may be involved in cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia. To test this hypothesis, skin-targeted Egfr mutant mice were generated by crossing floxed Egfr and Keratin 14 promoter-driven Cre recombinase mice. Cyclophosphamide treatment of control mice resulted in alopecia while Egfr mutant skin was resistant to cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia. Egfr mutant skin entered catagen normally, as indicated by dermal papilla condensation and decreased follicular proliferation, but did not progress to telogen as did Egfr wild type follicles. Egfr mutant follicles responded with less proliferation, apoptosis, and fewer p53-positive cells after cyclophosphamide. Treatment of control mice with the EGFR inhibitors erlotinib or gefitinib similarly suppressed alopecia and catagen progression by cyclophosphamide. Secondary analysis of clinical trials utilizing EGFR-targeted therapies and alopecia-inducing chemotherapy also revealed evidence for involvement of EGFR in chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Taken together, our results demonstrated the involvement of EGFR signaling in chemotherapy-induced alopecia, which will help in the design of novel therapeutic regimens to minimize chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Bichsel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Navdeep Gogia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Timothy Malouff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Zachary Pena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Eric Forney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Brianna Hammiller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Patrice Watson
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bogen KT. Efficient tumorigenesis by mutation-induced failure to terminate microRNA-mediated adaptive hyperplasia. Med Hypotheses 2012. [PMID: 23183421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Seven current contending cancer theories consider different sets of critical events as sufficient for tumorigenesis. These theories, most recently the microRNA dysregulation (MRD) theory, have overlapping attributes and extensive empirical support, but also some discrepancies, and some do not address both benign and malignant tumorigenesis. By definition, the most efficient tumorigenic pathways will dominate under conditions that selectively activate those pathways. The MRD theory provides a mechanistic basis to combine elements of the current theories into a new hypothesis that: (i) tumors arise most efficiently under stress that induces and sustains either protective or regenerative states of adaptive hyperplasia (AH) that normally are epigenetically maintained unless terminated; and (ii) if dysregulated by a somatic mutation that prevents normal termination, these two AH states can generate benign and malignant tumors, respectively. This hypothesis, but not multistage cancer theory, predicts that key participating AH-stem-cell populations expand markedly when triggered by stress, particularly chronic metabolic or oxidative stress, mechanical irritation, toxic exposure, wounding, inflammation, and/or infection. This hypothesis predicts that microRNA expression patterns in benign vs. malignant tumor tissue will correlate best with those governing protective vs. regenerative AH in that tissue, and that tumors arise most efficiently inmutagen-exposed stem cells that either happen to be in, or incidentally later become recruited into, an AH state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Bogen
- DrPH DABT, Exponent Inc., Health Sciences, 475, 14th Street, Ste 400, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu J, Miyakawa K, Roth RA, Ganey PE. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiates the cytotoxicity of amiodarone in Hepa1c1c7 cells: roles of caspase activation and oxidative stress. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:164-78. [PMID: 23042730 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone (AMD), a class III antiarrhythmic drug, causes idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in human patients. We demonstrated previously that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in a rat model of AMD-induced hepatotoxicity under inflammatory stress. In this study, we developed a model in vitro to study the roles of caspase activation and oxidative stress in TNF potentiation of AMD cytotoxicity. AMD caused cell death in Hepa1c1c7 cells, and TNF cotreatment potentiated its toxicity. Activation of caspases 9 and 3/7 was observed in AMD/TNF-cotreated cells, and caspase inhibitors provided minor protection from cytotoxicity. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation were observed after treatment with AMD and were further elevated by TNF cotreatment. Adding water-soluble antioxidants (trolox, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, or ascorbate) produced only minor attenuation of AMD/TNF-induced cytotoxicity and did not influence the effect of AMD alone. On the other hand, α-tocopherol (TOCO), which reduced lipid peroxidation and ROS generation, prevented AMD toxicity and caused pronounced reduction in cytotoxicity from AMD/TNF cotreatment. α-TOCO plus a pancaspase inhibitor completely abolished AMD/TNF-induced cytotoxicity. In summary, activation of caspases and oxidative stress were observed after AMD/TNF cotreatment, and caspase inhibitors and a lipid-soluble free-radical scavenger attenuated AMD/TNF-induced cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Song MK, Kim YJ, Song M, Choi HS, Park YK, Ryu JC. Formation of a 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide metabolite of benz[a]anthracene with cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a human in vitro hepatocyte culture system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:212-225. [PMID: 22236718 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutants that require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. This study investigated the 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide formation of benz[a]anthracene (BA) and its toxic effects in a human in vitro hepatocyte culture system. Both mRNA and protein expression of metabolic enzymes which can activate PAHs to carcinogenic forms increased after BA exposure in HepG2 cells and our quantitative analysis showed that the formation of BA-3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide in medium extracts increased in a time-dependent manner. We also performed several comparative studies which show that much lower concentrations of BA-3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide had stronger cytotoxicity and genotoxicity than higher doses of BA. These results suggest that BA is activated as the major carcinogenic metabolite 3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide, in human in vitro culture systems by metabolic enzymes and that this metabolite has stronger cytotoxic and genotoxic effects than its parent compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Song
- Cellular and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, PO Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, 130-650, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim CH, Yoo YM. Melatonin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via p53 in LNCaP Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 14:365-9. [PMID: 21311676 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2010.14.6.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether melatonin promotes apoptotic cell death via p53 in prostate LNCaP cells. Melatonin treatment significantly curtailed the growth of LNCaP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Melatonin treatment (0 to 3 mM) induced the fragmentation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Moreover, melatonin markedly activated Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in dose increments. To investigate p53 and p21 expression, LNCaP cells were treated with 0 to 3 mM melatonin. Melatonin increased the expressions of p53, p21, and p27. Treatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and SB202190 (p38 inhibitor), confirmed that the melatonin-induced apoptosis was p21-dependent, but ERK-independent. With the co-treatment of PD98059 and melatonin, the expression of p-p53, p21, and MDM2 did not decrease. These effects were opposite to the expression of p-p53, p21, and MDM2 observed with SP600125 and SB202190 treatments. Together, these results suggest that p53-dependent induction of JNK/p38 MAPK directly participates in apoptosis induced by melatonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rondini EA, Walters DM, Bauer AK. Vanadium pentoxide induces pulmonary inflammation and tumor promotion in a strain-dependent manner. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010; 7:9. [PMID: 20385015 PMCID: PMC2861012 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-7-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of air pollution are associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Particulate matter (PM) contains transition metals that may potentiate neoplastic development through the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, a lung cancer risk factor. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a component of PM derived from fuel combustion as well as a source of occupational exposure in humans. In the current investigation we examined the influence of genetic background on susceptibility to V2O5-induced inflammation and evaluated whether V2O5 functions as a tumor promoter using a 2-stage (initiation-promotion) model of pulmonary neoplasia in mice. Results A/J, BALB/cJ (BALB), and C57BL/6J (B6) mice were treated either with the initiator 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA; 10 μg/g; i.p.) or corn oil followed by 5 weekly aspirations of V2O5 or PBS and pulmonary tumors were enumerated 20 weeks following MCA treatment. Susceptibility to V2O5-induced pulmonary inflammation was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and chemokines, transcription factor activity, and MAPK signaling were quantified in lung homogenates. We found that treatment of animals with MCA followed by V2O5 promoted lung tumors in both A/J (10.3 ± 0.9 tumors/mouse) and BALB (2.2 ± 0.36) mice significantly above that observed with MCA/PBS or V2O5 alone (P < 0.05). No tumors were observed in the B6 mice in any of the experimental groups. Mice sensitive to tumor promotion by V2O5 were also found to be more susceptible to V2O5-induced pulmonary inflammation and hyperpermeability (A/J>BALB>B6). Differential strain responses in inflammation were positively associated with elevated levels of the chemokines KC and MCP-1, higher NFκB and c-Fos binding activity, as well as sustained ERK1/2 activation in lung tissue. Conclusions In this study we demonstrate that V2O5, an occupational and environmentally relevant metal oxide, functions as an in vivo lung tumor promoter among different inbred strains of mice. Further, we identified a positive relationship between tumor promotion and susceptibility to V2O5-induced pulmonary inflammation. These findings suggest that repeated exposures to V2O5 containing particles may augment lung carcinogenesis in susceptible individuals through oxidative stress mediated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Rondini
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rapisarda V, Carnazza ML, Caltabiano C, Loreto C, Musumeci G, Valentino M, Martinez G. Bitumen products induce skin cell apoptosis in chronically exposed road pavers. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:781-7. [PMID: 19519609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worker's exposure to bitumen fumes, via inhalation and skin contamination, is related to adverse effects including an increased risk of lung, stomach and non-melanoma skin cancers and leukaemia. The two major mechanisms regulating apoptosis include the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway and the extrinsic pathway induced by death signalling ligands. In a previous study, we showed activation of apoptosis-regulating proteins BAX and BCL-2 in road pavers chronically exposed to bitumen fumes. These molecules play a central role in activation of programmed cell death by the intrinsic pathway. In this study, we hypothesized that the apoptosis mechanism could be activated in the skin of road pavers chronically exposed to bitumen fumes also through the extrinsic pathway, via mediation by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its death receptor, DR5. METHODS Skin punch biopsies from 16 occupationally exposed workers and a control group were processed immunohistochemically for TRAIL and DR5. Activation of programmed cell death was also investigated by expression of caspase-3 and visualization of DNA strand breaks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION TRAIL, DR5 and caspase-3 overexpression and enhanced Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) positivity were found in chronically bitumen-exposed skin, suggesting activation of apoptosis as a defence mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nishimoto S, Yamawaki M, Akiyama K, Kakinuma Y, Kitamura SI, Sugahara T. Severe abnormalities in the reproductive organs of mice caused by chemical substances contained in heavy oil. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34:239-44. [PMID: 19336982 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sogo Nishimoto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University
| | | | - Koichi Akiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University
- Integrated Center of Science (INCS), Ehime University
| | - Yoshimi Kakinuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University
- Integrated Center of Science (INCS), Ehime University
| | | | - Takuya Sugahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu T, Huang CC, Lu YC, Lin KL, Liu SI, Wang BW, Chang PM, Chen IS, Chen SS, Tsai JY, Chou CT, Jan CR. Desipramine-induced Ca-independent apoptosis in Mg63 human osteosarcoma cells: dependence on P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-regulated activation of caspase 3. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 36:297-303. [PMID: 18986328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. It has been shown that the antidepressant desipramine is able to induce increases in [Ca(2+)](i) and cell death in MG63 human osteosacroma cells, but whether apoptosis is involved is unclear. In the present study, the effect of desipramine on apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms were explored. It was demonstrated that desipramine induced cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. 2. Cells treated with 100-800 mmol/L desipramine showed typical apoptotic features, including an increase in sub-diploid nuclei and activation of caspase 3, indicating that these cells underwent apoptosis. Immunoblotting revealed that 100 mmol/L desipramine activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Although pretreatment of cells with 20 mmol/L PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) or 20 mmol/L SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK) did not inhibit cell death, the addition of 20 mmol/L SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) partially rescued cells from apoptosis. Desipramine-induced caspase 3 activation required p38 MAPK activation. 3. Pretreatment of cells with BAPTA/AM (20 mmol/L) to prevent desipramine-induced increases in [Ca(2+)](i) did not protect cells from death. 4. The results of the present study suggest that, in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells, desipramine causes Ca(2+)-independent apoptosis by inducing p38 MAPK-associated activation of caspase 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Natal C, Modol T, Osés-Prieto JA, López-Moratalla N, Iraburu MJ, López-Zabalza MJ. Specific protein nitration in nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of human monocytes. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1356-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Kummer V, Masková J, Zralý Z, Neca J, Simecková P, Vondrácek J, Machala M. Estrogenic activity of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in uterus of immature Wistar rats. Toxicol Lett 2008; 180:212-21. [PMID: 18634860 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of environmental pollutants, known for their mutagenic and carcinogenic activities. Many PAHs are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands and several recent studies have suggested that PAHs or their metabolites may activate estrogen receptors (ER). The present study investigated possible estrogenic/antiestrogenic effects of abundant environmental contaminants benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), fluoranthene (Fla) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) in vivo, using the immature rat uterotrophic assay. The present results suggest that BaA, BaP and Fla behaved as estrogen-like compounds in immature Wistar rats, when applied for 3 consecutive days at 10mg/kg/day, as documented by a significant increase of uterine weight and hypertrophy of luminal epithelium. These effects were likely to be mediated by ERalpha, a major subtype of ER present in uterus, as they were inhibited by treatment with ER antagonist ICI 182,780. BaA, the most potent of studied PAHs, induced a significant estrogenic effect within a concentration range 0.1-50mg/kg/day; however, it did not reach the maximum level induced by reference estrogens. The proposed antiestrogenicity of the potent AhR agonist BkF was not confirmed in the present in vivo study; the exposure to BkF did not significantly affect the uterine weight, although a weak suppression of ERalpha immunostaining was observed in luminal and glandular epithelium, possibly related to its AhR-mediated activity. The PAHs under study did not induce marked genotoxic damage in uterine tissues, as documented by the lack of Ser-15-phoshorylated p53 protein staining. With the exception of Fla, all three remaining compounds increased CYP1-dependent monooxygenation activities in liver at the doses used, suggesting that the potential tissue-specific antiestrogenic effects of PAHs mediated by metabolization of 17beta-estradiol also cannot be excluded. Taken together, these environmentally relevant PAHs induced estrogenic effects in vivo, which might affect their toxic impact and carcinogenicity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin T, Mak N, Yang M. MAPK regulate p53-dependent cell death induced by benzo[a]pyrene: Involvement of p53 phosphorylation and acetylation. Toxicology 2008; 247:145-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Umannová L, Machala M, Topinka J, Nováková Z, Milcová A, Kozubík A, Vondrácek J. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha potentiates genotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene in rat liver epithelial cells through upregulation of cytochrome P450 1B1 expression. Mutat Res 2008; 640:162-169. [PMID: 18336843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which may contribute to the development of human cancer. The ultimate carcinogenic BaP metabolite produced by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP), such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, anti-BaP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, binds covalently to DNA and causes mutations. The levels of various CYP isoforms can be significantly modulated under inflammatory conditions. As the chronic inflammation is known to contribute to carcinogenesis, we investigated interactions of a major proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and BaP in regulation of the expression of CYP1A1/1B1 and induction of DNA damage in rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells. TNF-alpha enhanced induction of CYP1B1, while it simultaneously suppressed the BaP-induced CYP1A1 expression. The observed deregulation of CYP1 induction was found to be associated with a significantly enhanced formation of DNA adducts. The elevated DNA damage corresponded with increased phosphorylation of p53 tumor suppressor at Ser-15 residue, enhanced accumulation of cells in the S-phase of cell cycle and potentiation of BaP-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of CYP1B1 by fluoranthene significantly decreased both the formation of DNA adducts and the induction of apoptosis in WB-F344 cells treated with BaP and TNF-alpha, thus suggesting that this isoform might be responsible for genotoxic effects of BaP in nonparenchymal liver cells. Our results seem to indicate that inflammatory conditions might enhance genotoxic effects of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through upregulation of CYP1B1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Umannová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, AS CR, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pang PH, Lin YH, Lee YH, Hou HH, Hsu SP, Juan SH. Molecular mechanisms of p21 and p27 induction by 3-methylcholanthrene, an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor agonist, involved in antiproliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:161-71. [PMID: 18022818 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), an aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs; Juan et al., 2006, Eur J Pharmacol 530: 1-8). Herein, pretreatment of HUVECs with p21 or p27 small interfering (si)RNA reduced 3MC-induced elimination of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, demonstrating their essential roles in the antiproliferation of HUVECs. The molecular mechanisms of p21 and p27 involved in the antiproliferative effects of 3MC were elucidated in this study. 3MC time- and concentration-dependently increased p21 and p27 levels, and decreased the protein level of CDK2 with no apparent alteration of p53. Interestingly, 3MC-mediated p21 and p27 inductions were eliminated by resveratrol, an AhR antagonist, suggesting their AhR dependency, further confirmed by AhR siRNA. Among the relevant pathways, p38MAPK activation sustained the levels of p21 and p27 induced by 3MC, which was eliminated by AhR antagonists and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. 3MC concentration-dependently enhanced not only the consensus dioxin-responsive element (DRE)-driven luciferase activity, but also the binding activity of the AhR to the putative DRE derived from the p21 and p27 promoters. A deletion of the DRE (-285/-270) in p21 (-2,300/+8) only partially alleviated the 3MC-induced luciferase activity unless NAC was added, suggesting that there may be a DRE-independent mechanism associated with oxidative stress. However, a deletion of the DRE (-660/-645) in p27 (-1,358/-100) almost completely abrogated the activation. Our study demonstrated that both the functional DRE and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK are essential for the induction of p21 and p27, resulting in the antiproliferative action of 3MC in HUVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Huei Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Topinka J, Marvanová S, Vondrácek J, Sevastyanova O, Nováková Z, Krcmár P, Pencíková K, Machala M. DNA adducts formation and induction of apoptosis in rat liver epithelial 'stem-like' cells exposed to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mutat Res 2008; 638:122-132. [PMID: 17961608 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The bipotent liver progenitor cells, so called oval cells, may participate at the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by chemical carcinogens. Unlike in mature parenchymal cells, little is known about formation of DNA adducts and other genotoxic events in oval cells. In the present study, we employed spontaneously immortalized rat liver WB-F344 cell line, which is an established in vitro model of oval cells, in order to study genotoxic effects of selected carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). With exception of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, and partly also benzo[g]chrysene and benz[a]anthracene, all other PAHs under the study induced high levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA. In contrast, we observed distinct genotoxic and cytotoxic potencies of PAHs. Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, and to a lesser extent also benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[g]chrysene and dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, formed high levels of DNA adducts. This was accompanied with accumulation of Ser-15 phosphorylated form of p53 protein and induction of apoptosis. Contrary to that, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene induced only low amounts of DNA adducts formation and minimal apoptosis, without exerting significant effects on p53 phosphorylation. Finally, we studied effects of 2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene and fluoranthene, inhibitors of CYP1B1 activity, which plays a central role in metabolic activation of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. In a dose-dependent manner, both compounds inhibited apoptosis induced by dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, suggesting that it interferes with the metabolic activation of the latter one. The present data show that in model cell line sharing phenotypic properties with oval cells, PAHs can be efficiently metabolized to form ultimate genotoxic metabolites. Liver progenitor cells could be thus susceptible to this type of genotoxic insult, which makes WB-F344 cell line a useful tool for studies of genotoxic effects of organic contaminants in liver cells. Our results also suggest that, unlike in mature hepatocytes, CYP1B1 might be a primary enzyme responsible for formation of DNA adducts in liver progenitor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Topinka
- Laboratory of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, AS CR, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Svihálková-Sindlerová L, Machala M, Pencíková K, Marvanová S, Neca J, Topinka J, Sevastyanova O, Kozubík A, Vondrácek J. Dibenzanthracenes and benzochrysenes elicit both genotoxic and nongenotoxic events in rat liver ‘stem-like’ cells. Toxicology 2007; 232:147-59. [PMID: 17287060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular weight 278 are a group of PAHs that are mostly not covered by the current monitoring programs, despite their relative abundance in environmental samples and possible carcinogenicity. Although benzo[g]chrysene (BgChry) and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA) have been for a long time studied as genotoxic, tumour-initiating compounds, little is known about the potential tumour-promoting effects of this group of PAHs. In the present study, we investigated their impact on activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), induction of enzymes involved in metabolic activation of PAHs, disruption of cell cycle control in confluent cell population and inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), using the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344 as a model of liver progenitor cells. We found that BgChry was the weakest inducer of the AhR-mediated activity, while relative potencies of benzo[b]chrysene (BbChry) and benzo[c]chrysene (BcChry) were comparable to the previously reported values for dibenzanthracenes. All compounds increased expression of cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1B1, and aldo-keto reductase 1C9. BgChry was found to induce high amounts of DNA adducts, which corresponded with induction of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, apoptosis and accumulation of cells in S-phase of cell cycle, leading to a decrease in cell numbers. All other compounds were found to stimulate cell proliferation in contact-inhibited WB-F344 cells in a dose-dependent manner. We found that only BgChry, and to a lesser extent also BcChry, inhibited GJIC at high concentrations. Taken together, dibenzanthracenes and benzochrysenes, with exception of BgChry, seem to act primarily through deregulation of cell proliferation in liver epithelial cells, which is related to their relatively high AhR-mediated activity. The disruption of cell cycle control might contribute to their carcinogenic effects, as well as to carcinogenicity of complex environmental mixtures containing high levels of PAHs with molecular weight 278.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Svihálková-Sindlerová
- Laboratory of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seo SK, Lee HC, Woo SH, Jin HO, Yoo DH, Lee SJ, An S, Choe TB, Park MJ, Hong SI, Park IC, Rhee CH. Sulindac-derived reactive oxygen species induce apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cells via p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Apoptosis 2006; 12:195-209. [PMID: 17136320 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are well known to induce apoptosis of cancer cells independent of their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2, but the molecular mechanism for this effect has not yet been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential signaling components underlying sulindac-induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We found that sulindac induces apoptosis by promoting ROS generation, accompanied by opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor from mitochondria, followed by caspase activation. Bcl-2 cleavage and down-regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family including cIAP-1/2, XIAP, and survivin, occurred downstream of ROS production during sulindac-induced apoptosis. Forced expression of survivin and Bcl-2 blocked sulindac-induced apoptosis. Most importantly, sulindac-derived ROS activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and p53. SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, and RNA inhibition of p53 inhibited the sulindac-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, p53, Bax, and Bak accumulated in mitochondria during sulindac-induced apoptosis. All of these events were significantly suppressed by SB203580. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of sulindac-induced apoptosis in human MM cells, namely, accumulation of p53, Bax, and Bak in mitochondria mediated by p38 MAPK activation downstream of ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Keum Seo
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park SY, Lee SM, Ye SK, Yoon SH, Chung MH, Choi J. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage and p53 modulation in human hepatoma HepG2 cells for the identification of potential biomarkers for PAH monitoring and risk assessment. Toxicol Lett 2006; 167:27-33. [PMID: 17029827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To identify potential biomarkers for the monitoring and risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the oxidative stress-related DNA damage and p53 modification were investigated in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure induced a decrease in the cell viability, but increased the antioxidant enzyme activity as well as the DNA and lipid damage. The p53 protein activation appeared to have been a downstream response to the benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA damage, suggesting p53 plays important roles in the defense against benzo[a]pyrene-induced genotoxicity. The response of phosphorylated p53 may be more sensitive towards benzo[a]pyrene exposure than normal p53. Following DNA damage, the activation of p53 acts as a transcriptional regulator of several target genes, including, p21 protein; a gene that encodes the Cdk inhibitor and is induced by exposure to benzo[a]pyrene. The p53 mRNA level was increased after the treatment of cells with benzo[a]pyrene, as well as following the induction of p53 protein, suggesting the benzo[a]pyrene-stimulated p53 accumulation may also be transcriptionally induced. The overall results suggest that benzo[a]pyrene leads to serious DNA damage, which leads to the transcription of the p53 gene; that the subsequent p53 protein accumulation up-regulates the cellular p21 protein. Oxidative DNA damage and p53 accumulation seem to be related to benzo[a]pyrene toxicity; however, their potential as biomarkers in environmental monitoring and risk assessment needs to be validated in the context of their specificity and sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Park
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, College of Urban Study, University of Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen Y, Tang X, Cao X, Chen H, Zhang X. Human Nogo-C overexpression induces HEK293 cell apoptosis via a mechanism that involves JNK-c-Jun pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 348:923-8. [PMID: 16905119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein Nogo-A has been identified as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration, and Nogo-B as a regulator of vasculature remodeling, but the additional roles of Nogo isoforms, especially Nogo-C, have obtained little attention. Nogo-C is weakly expressed in liver and kidney compared to the high expression in skeletal muscle. Here we detected the weak expression of Nogo-C in human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293, and found that Nogo-C expressed in HEK293 could induce cell apoptosis. Further experiments demonstrated the activation of JNK/SAPK and c-Jun, but not p38 in Nogo-C expressed cells. And JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 could reduce cell apoptosis induced by Nogo-C. Furthermore, the activation of caspase-3 and PARP, the expression and phosphorylation of p53 were also detected. The data first revealed Nogo-C expressed in HEK293 confers apoptosis by inducing caspase-3 and p53 activation through the JNK-c-Jun-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Chen
- The College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing 210097, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yonezawa T, Kobayashi Y, Obara Y. Short-chain fatty acids induce acute phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/heat shock protein 27 pathway via GPR43 in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cell Signal 2006; 19:185-93. [PMID: 16887331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The expression of GPR41 and 43, which have recently been identified as G-protein-coupled cell-surface receptors for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), was detected in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by RT-PCR. Acetate, propionate and butyrate induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ in these cells that was not blocked by treatment with pertussis toxin (PTX). SCFAs significantly reduced forskolin-induced cAMP levels in these cells. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 was selectively increased by SCFAs. The downstream substrate heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) was also phosphorylated by SCFAs at Ser-78 and-82, but not-15. Propionate induced elevations in intracellular Ca2+ and the phosphorylation of p38 were inhibited by the silencing of GPR43 using a specific siRNA. These results suggest that GPR41 and 43 mediate SCFA signaling in mammary epithelial cells and thereby play an important role in their stress management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Yonezawa
- Department of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Amamiyamachi, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tanito M, Kwon YW, Kondo N, Bai J, Masutani H, Nakamura H, Fujii J, Ohira A, Yodoi J. Cytoprotective effects of geranylgeranylacetone against retinal photooxidative damage. J Neurosci 2006; 25:2396-404. [PMID: 15745966 PMCID: PMC6726103 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4866-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to excessive light induces retinal photoreceptor cell damage, leading to development and progression of various retinal diseases. We tested the effect of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an acyclic polyisoprenoid, on light-induced retinal damage in mice. Oral treatment with GGA (1.0 mg/d) for 5 d induced thioredoxin (Trx) and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) predominantly in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). After white light exposure (8000 lux for 2 h), the percentage of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling-positive photoreceptor cells decreased significantly at 24 and 96 h, and the number of photoreceptor cell nuclei at 96 h and the electroretinographic amplitudes of the a- and b-waves at 4 and 10 d increased significantly in GGA-pretreated mice compared with saline-pretreated mice. Light-induced upregulations of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified protein, markers of oxidative stress, were inhibited by GGA pretreatment. To elucidate the cytoprotective mechanism of GGA and Trx, we used human K-1034 RPE cells and mouse photoreceptor-derived 661W cells. In K-1034 cells, GGA (10 microM) induced intracellular Trx, Hsp72, and extracellular Trx but not extracellular Hsp72. Extracellular Trx (0.75 nM) attenuated H2O2 (200 microM)-induced cell damage in 661W cells. Pretreatment with GGA and overexpression of Trx in K-1034 cells counteracted H2O2 (50 microM)-induced attenuation of cellular latex bead incorporation. Protection of phagocytotic activity through induction of Trx and possibly Hsp72 in RPE cells and elimination of oxidative stress in the photoreceptor layer through release of Trx from RPE cells may be mechanisms of GGA-mediated cytoprotection. Therefore, Trx is a neurotrophic factor released from RPE cells and plays a crucial role in maintaining photoreceptor cell integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tanito
- Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Andrysík Z, Machala M, Chramostová K, Hofmanová J, Kozubík A, Vondrácek J. Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinases by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rat liver epithelial cells is associated with induction of apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2006; 211:198-208. [PMID: 16005925 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of various signaling pathways, linked either to induction of cell proliferation or to modulation of cellular differentiation and apoptosis, has been proposed to contribute to carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the present study, we investigated effects of the PAHs previously shown to induce cell proliferation and/or apoptosis in contact-inhibited rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells, with an aim to define the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in both events. We found that only strong genotoxin dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBalP) activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 kinase, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), at concentrations inducing both apoptosis and phosphorylation of p53 tumor suppressor at serine 15 residue. In contrast, the PAHs stimulating cell proliferation in WB-F344 cell line had no effect on activation of ERK1/2, p38 or JNKs. Synthetic inhibitors of ERK1/2 activation (U0126) or p38 kinase activity (SB203580) prevented both apoptosis and induction of p53 phosphorylation by DBalP. Pifithrin-alpha, inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activity, prevented induction of apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2 and p38. Taken together, our data suggest that both ERK1/2 and p38 are activated in response to DBalP and that they might be involved in regulation of cellular response to DNA damage induced by DBalP, while neither kinase is involved in the release from contact inhibition induced by PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Andrysík
- Laboratory of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, ASCR, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim Y, Chongviriyaphan N, Liu C, Russell RM, Wang XD. Combined antioxidant (beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) supplementation increases the levels of lung retinoic acid and inhibits the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in the ferret lung cancer model. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:1410-9. [PMID: 16401635 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions among beta-carotene (BC), alpha-tocopherol (AT) and ascorbic acid (AA) led to the hypothesis that using a combination of these antioxidants could be more beneficial than using a single antioxidant alone, particularly against smoke-related lung cancer. In this investigation, we have conducted an animal study to determine whether combined BC, AT and AA supplementation (AOX) protects against 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung carcinogenesis in smoke-exposed (SM) ferrets. Ferrets were treated for 6 months in the following four groups: (i) control, (ii) SM + NNK, (iii) AOX and (iv) SM + NNK + AOX. Results showed that the combined AOX supplementation (i) prevented the SM + NNK-decreased lung concentrations of retinoic acid (RA) and BC; (ii) inhibited the SM + NNK-induced phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen proteins in the lungs of ferrets; and (iii) blocked the SM + NNK-induced up-regulation of total p53 and Bax proteins, as well as phosphorylated p53 in the lungs of ferrets. In addition, there were no lesions observed in the lung tissue of ferrets in the control and/or the AOX groups after 6 months of intervention, but combined AOX supplementation resulted in a trend toward lower incidence of both preneoplastic lung lesions and lung tumor formation in SM + NNK + AOX group of ferrets, as compared with the SM + NNK group alone. These data indicate that combined AOX supplementation could be a useful chemopreventive strategy against lung carcinogenesis through maintaining normal tissue levels of RA and inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, cell proliferation and phosphorylation of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vondrácek J, Svihálková-Sindlerová L, Pencíková K, Krcmár P, Andrysík Z, Chramostová K, Marvanová S, Valovicová Z, Kozubík A, Gábelová A, Machala M. 7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole and 5,9-dimethyldibenzo[c,g]carbazole exert multiple toxic events contributing to tumor promotion in rat liver epithelial 'stem-like' cells. Mutat Res 2006; 596:43-56. [PMID: 16406433 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Immature liver progenitor cells have been suggested to be an important target of hepatotoxins and hepatocarcinogens. The goal of the present study was to assess the impact of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) and its tissue-specific carcinogenic N-methyl (N-MeDBC) and 5,9-dimethyl (DiMeDBC) derivatives on rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells, in vitro model of liver progenitor cells. We investigated the cellular events associated with both tumor initiation and promotion, such as activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), changes in expression of enzymes involved in metabolic activation of DBC and its derivatives, effects on cell cycle, cell proliferation/apoptosis and inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). N-MeDBC, a tissue-specific sarcomagen, was only a weak inhibitor of GJIC or inducer of AhR-mediated activity, and it did not affect either cell proliferation or apoptosis. DBC was efficient GJIC inhibitor, while DiMeDBC manifested the strongest AhR inducing activity. Accordingly, DiMeDBC was also the most potent inducer of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1A2 expression among the three compounds tested. Both DBC and DiMeDBC induced expression of CYP1B1 and aldo-keto reductase 1C9 (AKR1C9). N-MeDBC failed to significantly upregulate CYP1A1/2 and it only moderately increased CYP1B1 or AKR1C9. Only the potent liver carcinogens, DBC and DiMeDBC, caused a significant increase of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, an increased accumulation of cells in S-phase and apoptosis at micromolar concentrations. In addition, DiMeDBC was found to stimulate cell proliferation of contact-inhibited WB-F344 cells at 1 microM concentration, which is a mode of action that might further contribute to its hepatocarcinogenicity. The present data seem to suggest that the AhR activation, induction of enzymes involved in metabolic activation, inhibition of GJIC or stimulation of cell proliferation might all contribute to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of DBC and DiMeDBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vondrácek
- Laboratory of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huc L, Rissel M, Solhaug A, Tekpli X, Gorria M, Torriglia A, Holme JA, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Multiple apoptotic pathways induced by p53-dependent acidification in benzo[a]pyrene-exposed hepatic F258 cells. J Cell Physiol 2006; 208:527-37. [PMID: 16688778 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), are ubiquitous genotoxic environmental pollutants. Their DNA-damaging effects lead to apoptosis induction, through similar pathways to those identified after exposure to other DNA-damaging stimuli with activation of p53-related genes and the involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. However, at a low concentration of B[a]P (50 nM), our previous results pointed to the involvement of intracellular pH (pHi) variations during B[a]P-induced apoptosis in a rat liver epithelial cell line (F258). In the present work, we identified the mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase activity reversal as possibly responsible for pHi decrease. This acidification not only promoted executive caspase activation, but also activated leucocyte elastase inhibitor/leucocyte-derived DNase II (LEI/L-DNase II) pathway. p53 appeared to regulate mitochondria homeostasis, by initiating F0F1-ATPase reversal and endonuclease G (Endo G) release. In conclusion, a low dose of B[a]P induced apoptosis by recruiting a large panel of executioners apparently depending on p53 phosphorylation and, for some of them, on acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Huc
- Inserm U620, Université Rennes 1, IFR 140, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen CF, Huang S, Liu SC, Chueh PJ. Effect of polyclonal antisera to recombinant tNOX protein on the growth of transformed cells. Biofactors 2006; 28:119-33. [PMID: 17379942 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520280206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have described a tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX) and its continuous activation in transformed culture cells. Certain anticancer drugs have been shown to inhibit preferentially both the tNOX activity and the growth of transformed culture cells and the cytotoxicity is associated with the induction of apoptosis. To investigate the biological function of tNOX protein, we have raised polyclonal antisera against bacterial expressed tNOX protein and the antisera are able to recognize protein bands in transformed cells but not the non-transformed cells tested. With tNOX antisera treatment, the survival in transformed cell lines is decreased but not the non-transformed cells. In addition, tNOX antisera-induced cytotoxicity is accompanied by the induction of apoptosis. However, slightly higher amount of PARP cleavage and activation of caspase-9 are observed in tNOX antisera treated HCT116 cells. Further experiments have demonstrated the activation of JNK and phosphorylation of p53 by treatment. In addition, tNOX antisera treatment leads to an impressive increase in reactive oxygen species in COS cells but not the control sera. Our data suggest that (a) tNOX antisera treatment may inhibit the growth of transformed cells by inducing apoptosis and (b) the apoptotic mechanism might be through modulating ROS production and JNK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Feng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kaimul Ahsan M, Nakamura H, Tanito M, Yamada K, Utsumi H, Yodoi J. Thioredoxin-1 suppresses lung injury and apoptosis induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEP) by scavenging reactive oxygen species and by inhibiting DEP-induced downregulation of Akt. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 39:1549-59. [PMID: 16298680 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing toxic agents that damage lungs. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a thiol protein with antioxidant and redox-regulating effects. In this study, we demonstrate that Trx-1 scavenges ROS generated by DEP and attenuates the lung injury. Intratracheal instillation of DEP resulted in the generation of more hydroxyl radicals in control mice than in human Trx-1 (hTrx-1)-transgenic mice as measured by noninvasive L-band in vivo electron spin resonance. DEP caused acute lung damage with massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in control mice, but much less damage in hTrx-1-transgenic mice. The hTrx-1 transgene protected the mice against DEP toxicity. To investigate further the molecular mechanism of the protective role of Trx-1 against DEP-induced lung injury, we used hTrx-1-transfected L-929 cells and recombinant hTrx-1 (rhTrx-1)-pretreated A-549 cells. DEP-induced ROS generation was suppressed by hTrx-1 transfection or pretreatment with rhTrx-1. Endogenous Trx-1 expression was induced by DEP in control cells. The downregulation of Akt phosphorylation by DEP resulted in apoptosis, which was prevented by Trx-1. Moreover, an Akt inhibitor canceled this protective effect of Trx-1. Collectively, the results suggest that Trx-1 exerts antioxidant effects in vivo and in vitro and that this plays a role in protection against DEP-induced lung damage by regulating Akt-mediated antiapoptotic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kaimul Ahsan
- Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim SJ, Ko CB, Park C, Kim BR, Sung TH, Koh DH, Kim NS, Oh KJ, Chung SY, Park R. p38 MAP kinase regulates benzo(a)pyrene-induced apoptosis through the regulation of p53 activation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 444:121-9. [PMID: 16297369 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), are widespread in the environment and cause untoward effects, including carcinogenesis, in mammalian cells. However, the molecular mechanism of apoptosis by BaP is remained to be elusive. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 kinase markedly inhibited the BaP-induced cytotoxicity, which was proven as apoptosis characterized by an increase in sub-G(0)/G(1) fraction of DNA content, ladder-pattern fragmentation of genomic DNA, and catalytic activation of caspase-3 with PARP cleavage. Our data also demonstrated that activation of caspase-3 was accompanied with activation of caspase-9 and mitochondrial dysfunction, which was also apparently suppressed by pretreatment with p38 kinase inhibitors. Also, pharmacological inhibition of p38 markedly inhibited the phosphorylation, accumulated expression, and transactivation activity of p53 in BaP-treated cells. Adenoviral overexpression of human p53 (wild-type) further augmented in increase of PARP cleavage and the sub-G(0)/G(1) fraction of DNA content. Furthermore, p53 mediated apoptotic activity in BaP-treated cells was inhibited by p38 kinase inhibitor. The current data collectively indicate that BaP induces apoptosis of Hepa1c1c7 cells via activation of p53-related signaling, which was, in part, regulated by p38 kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mukherjee JJ, Sikka HC. Attenuation of BPDE-induced p53 accumulation by TPA is associated with a decrease in stability and phosphorylation of p53 and downregulation of NFkappaB activation: role of p38 MAP kinase. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:631-8. [PMID: 16244358 PMCID: PMC1383507 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage caused by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or other polynuclear hydrocarbons (PAHs) induce p53 protein as a protective measure to eliminate the possibility of mutagenic fixation of the DNA damage. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits p53 response induced by B[a]P and other DNA-damaging agents and may cause tumor promotion. The molecular mechanism of attenuation of B[a]P-induced p53 response by TPA is not known. We investigated the effect of TPA on p53 response in (+/-)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-treated mouse epidermal JB6(P(+)) Cl 41 cells. BPDE treatment induced p53 accumulation which was attenuated significantly by TPA. Cells treated with BPDE and TPA showed increased ratio of Mdm2 to p53 proteins in p53 immunoprecipitate and decreased p53 life span compared to BPDE-treated cells indicating p53 destabilization by TPA. TPA also inhibited BPDE-induced p53 phosphorylation at serine15. Activation of both ERKs and p38 MAPK by BPDE and attenuation of BPDE-induced p53 accumulation by U0126 or SB202190, specific inhibitor of MEK1/2 or p38 MAPK, indicate the role of ERKs and p38 MAPK in p53 accumulation. Interestingly, TPA potentiated BPDE-induced activation of ERKs whereas p38 MAPK activation was significantly inhibited by TPA, suggesting that inhibition of p38 MAPK is involved in p53 attenuation by TPA. Furthermore, SB202190 treatment caused decreased p53 stability and inhibition of phosphorylation of p53 at serine15 in BPDE-treated cells. We also observed that TPA or SB202190 attenuated BPDE-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation in JB6 Cl 41 cells harboring NFkappaB reporter plasmid. To our knowledge this is the first report that TPA inhibits chemical carcinogen-induced NFkappaB activation. Interference of TPA with BPDE-induced NFkappaB activation implicates abrogation of p53 function which has been discussed. Overall, our data suggest that abrogation of BPDE-induced p53 response and of NFkappaB activation by TPA is mediated by impairment of the signaling pathway involving p38 MAPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagat J Mukherjee
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Laboratory, Great Lakes Center, State University of New York College at Buffalo, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Okuno T, Matsuoka M, Sumizawa T, Igisu H. Involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway in phosphorylation of p53 protein and exerting cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) exposed to acrylamide. Arch Toxicol 2005; 80:146-53. [PMID: 16180010 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-005-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, effects of acrylamide on p53 protein and intracellular signal transducting pathways were examined. Acrylamide increased p53, phosphorylated p53, and p53-associated protein murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The phosphorylation of p53 was specific for the Ser15 site. Among mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), acrylamide caused phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 but not c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. Nevertheless, blocking p38 pathway by LL-Z1640-2 did not suppress the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15. In contrast, a specific inhibitor of ERK kinase (U0126 or PD98059) could abolish the accumulation as well as the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15. Elevation of MDM2 was also abolished by U0126. An inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) pathway (wortmannin) suppressed the increase of p53 and its phosphorylation at Ser15. Hence, acrylamide increases p53 protein and its phosphorylation at Ser15 through ERK and/or PIKK pathways. On the other hand, U0126 and PD98059 suppressed to some extent the cytotoxicity of acrylamide evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, whereas neither LL-Z1640-2 nor wortmannin was effective in suppressing the toxicity. Thus, ERK pathway seems to play a role both in causing the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and in the cytotoxicity of acrylamide in SH-SY5Y cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Okuno
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Iseki M, Ikuta T, Kobayashi T, Kawajiri K. Growth suppression of Leydig TM3 cells mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 331:902-8. [PMID: 15882963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces developmental toxicity in reproductive organs. To elucidate the function of AhR, we generated stable transformants of TM3 cells overexpressing wild-type aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or its mutants which carried mutations in nuclear localization signal or nuclear export signal. In the presence of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), proliferation of the cells transfected with wild-type AhR was completely suppressed, whereas cells expressing AhR mutants proliferated in a manner equivalent to control TM3 cells, suggesting AhR-dependent growth inhibition. The suppression was associated with up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1, which was abolished by pretreatment with actinomycin D. A p38 MAPK specific inhibitor, SB203580, blocked the increase of p21Cip1 mRNA in response to MC. Treatment with indigo, another AhR ligand, failed to increase of p21Cip1 mRNA, although up-regulation of mRNA for CYP1A1 was observed. These data suggest AhR in Leydig cells mediates growth inhibition by inducing p21Cip1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Iseki
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hsieh TJ, Liu TZ, Chern CL, Tsao DA, Lu FJ, Syu YH, Hsieh PY, Hu HS, Chang TT, Chen CH. Liriodenine inhibits the proliferation of human hepatoma cell lines by blocking cell cycle progression and nitric oxide-mediated activation of p53 expression. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:1117-26. [PMID: 15833387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liriodenine was isolated from the leaves of Michelia compressa. This study was designed to assess cell cycle arrest, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and p53 expression in liriodenine-treated human hepatoma cell lines, including wild-type p53 (Hep G2 and SK-Hep-1). As evidenced by flowcytometric studies, liriodenine induced cell cycle G(1) arrest and inhibited DNA synthesis in Hep G2 and SK-Hep-1 cell lines. The p53, iNOS expression and intracellular NO level were markedly increased in Hep G2 cells after liriodenine treatment. A NO inhibitor, carboxy-PTIO inhibited the p53 expression induced by liriodenine. In addition, liriodenine could not induce obvious cytotoxicity in normal human IMR-90 cell line. These results demonstrate that NO production and p53 expression are critical factors in liriodenine-induced growth inhibition in human wild-type p53 hepatoma cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Aporphines/chemistry
- Aporphines/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Bromodeoxyuridine
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chromatography, Thin Layer
- DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Genes, p53/drug effects
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Magnoliaceae/chemistry
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jye Hsieh
- Basic Medical Science Education Center, Fooyin University, Ta-Liao, Kaohsiung Hsien 831, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kuo WH, Chen JH, Lin HH, Chen BC, Hsu JD, Wang CJ. Induction of apoptosis in the lung tissue from rats exposed to cigarette smoke involves p38/JNK MAPK pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 155:31-42. [PMID: 15970277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a major cause of human lung cancer. Past studies suggest that apoptosis might influence the malignant phenotype, but little is known about the association between apoptosis and cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung pathogenesis. Using an in situ cell death detection kit (TA300), the association of CS with apoptosis was determined in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of related proteins were investigated in the terminal bronchiole areas of the lung tissue from rats exposed to CS. Results showed that the expression of phosphotyrosine proteins was increased significantly in lung tissue of rats exposed to CS from 5 to 15 cigarettes. Using Western blotting and immunoprecipitation assay, Fas, a death receptor, was proved just be one of these phosphotyrosine proteins. CS triggered activation of MAP kinase (p38/JNK or ERK2) pathway, which led to Jun or p53 phosphorylation and FasL induction links Fas phosphorylation. Further, smoke treatment produced an increase in the level of proapoptotic proteins (Bax, t-Bid, cytochrome c and caspase-3), but a decline in Bcl-2, procaspase-8 and procaspase-9 proteins. Thus, CS-induced apoptosis may result from two main mechanisms, one is the activation of p38/JNK-Jun-FasL signaling, and the other is stimulated by the stabilization of p53, increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, release of cytochrome c; thus, leading to activation of caspase cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Hsien Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien Kuo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Solhaug A, Øvrebø S, Mollerup S, Låg M, Schwarze PE, Nesnow S, Holme JA. Role of cell signaling in B[a]P-induced apoptosis: characterization of unspecific effects of cell signaling inhibitors and apoptotic effects of B[a]P metabolites. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 151:101-19. [PMID: 15698582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Here we show that several cell signaling inhibitors have effect on cyp1a1 expression and the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in Hepa1c1c7 cells. The CYP1A1 inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF), the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PFT-alpha), the ERK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126, and the p38 MAPK inhibitors SB202190 and PD169316 induced the expression and level of cyp1a1 protein. On the other hand, during the first h the inhibitors appeared to reduce the metabolism of B[a]P as measured by the generation of tetrols and by covalent binding of B[a]P to macromolecules. In contrast, the phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase inhibitor wortmannin, had neither an effect on the cyp1a1 expression nor the B[a]P-metabolism. In order to avoid these unspecific effects, we characterized the mechanisms involved in the apoptotic effects of B[a]P-metabolites. B[a]P and the B[a]P-metabolites B[a]P-7,8-DHD and BPDE-I induced apoptosis, whereas B[a]P-4,5-DHD had no effect. B[a]P, B[a]P-7,8-DHD and BPDE-I induced an accumulation and phosphorylation of p53, while the Bcl-2 proteins Bcl-xl, Bad and Bid were down-regulated. Interestingly, the levels of anti-apoptotic phospho-Bad were up-regulated in response to B[a]P as well as to B[a]P-7,8-DHD and BPDE-I. Both p38 MAPK and JNK were activated, but the p38 MAPK inhibitors were not able to inhibit BPDE-I-induced apoptosis. PFT-alpha reduced the BPDE-I-induced apoptosis, while both the PI-3 kinase inhibitor and the ERK inhibitors increased the apoptosis in combination with BPDE-I. BPDE-I also triggered apoptosis in primary cultures of rat lung cells. In conclusion, often used cell signaling inhibitors both enhanced the expression and the level of cyp1a1 and more directly acted as inhibitors of cyp1a1 metabolism of B[a]P. However, studies with the B[a]P-metabolite BPDE-I supported the previous suggestion that p53 has a role in the pro-apoptotic signaling pathway induced by B[a]P. Furthermore, these studies also show that the reactive metabolites of B[a]P induce the anti-apoptotic signals, Akt and ERK. Neither the induction nor the activity of p38 MAPK and JNK seems to be of major importance for the B[a]P-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Solhaug
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tong X, Lin S, Fujii M, Hou DX. Molecular mechanisms of echinocystic acid-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:539-46. [PMID: 15358141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural triterpone enriched in various herbs, has been showed to have cytotoxic activity in some cancer cells, and is used for medicinal purpose in many Asian countries. In the present study, we found that EA could induce apoptosis in human HepG2 cells, as characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and PARP cleavage. The efficacious induction of apoptosis was observed at 45 microM for 24 h. Molecular data showed that EA induced the truncation of Bid protein and reduction of Bcl-2 protein. EA also caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. Moreover, EA could activate c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase, and JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 and p38 kinase-specific inhibitor SB200235 could block serial molecular events of EA-induced apoptosis such as Bid truncation, Bcl-2 reduction, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells. These findings indicate that JNK- and p38 kinase-mediated mitochondrial pathways might be involved in EA-induced apoptosis and enhance our understanding of the anticancer function of EA in herbal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Tong
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima City 890-0065, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu C, Russell RM, Wang XD. Low dose beta-carotene supplementation of ferrets attenuates smoke-induced lung phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPK, and p53 proteins. J Nutr 2004; 134:2705-10. [PMID: 15465770 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.10.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that smoke exposure and/or high-dose beta-carotene supplementation decreases levels of retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) protein, but increase levels of c-Jun and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen protein in the lungs of ferrets. In contrast, low-dose beta-carotene can prevent the decreased lung retinoic acid and the smoke-induced lung lesions. In the present study, we investigated whether smoke exposure and/or beta-carotene supplementation could affect Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and p53 in the lungs of ferrets. Ferrets were subjected to cigarette smoke exposure and either a high or low dose of beta-carotene (2 x 3 factorial design) for 6 mo. There were greater protein levels of phosphorylated JNK, p38, and c-Jun, but lower levels of MAPK phophatase-1 (MKP-1) in groups exposed to smoke and/or high dose beta-carotene. Both phosphorylated-p53 and total p53 were substantially increased in the lungs of these groups. In contrast, low-dose beta-carotene greatly attenuated the smoke-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38, c-Jun, p53, and total p53, accompanied by upregulated MKP-1. Smoke exposure increased MAPK kinase-4 (MKK4) phosphorylation regardless of beta-carotene supplementation. These data indicate that restoration of retinoic acid and MKP-1 by low-dose beta-carotene in the lungs of ferrets may prevent the smoke-induced activation of the JNK-dependent signaling pathway, p38 MAPK, and the associated phosphorylation of p53, thereby lowering the risk of the smoke-related lung lesions. These data provide supportive evidence that the beneficial vs. detrimental effects of beta-carotene supplementation are related to the dosage of beta-carotene administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huh JE, Kang KS, Chae C, Kim HM, Ahn KS, Kim SH. Roles of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways during cantharidin-induced apoptosis in U937 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:1811-8. [PMID: 15130758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin is an active compound from blister beetles traditionally used for the treatment of cancer. It is known to exert its antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. However, its signaling pathway still remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the roles of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the tumor suppressor gene, p53, during cantharidin-induced apoptosis in U937 human leukemic cells. Cantharidin effectively activated ERK-1/2, p38 and JNK in U937 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cantharidin also exhibited a strong cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in U937 cells. For the evaluation of the role of MAPKs, PD98059, SB202190 and SP600125 were used as MAPK inhibitors for ERK-1/2, p38 and JNK. PD98059 did not affect cantharidin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, whereas SB202190 and SP600125 significantly interfered with cytotoxic and apoptotic activities induced by cantharidin. Cantharidin alone induced the apoptosis by phosphorylation of p53, up-regulation of downstream target genes, MDM2 and p21 and also cleaved caspase-3, whereas SB202190 and SP600125 caused the down-regulation of p53, MDM-2, p21 and cleaved caspase-3 after a co-treatment with cantharidin. Similarly, SB202190 and SP600125 significantly disturbed the caspase-3 activity after a co-treatment with cantharidin by colorimetric assay. Taken together, these results suggest that cantharidin can induce apoptosis by activation of p38 and JNK MAP kinase pathways associated with p53 and caspase-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Huh
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|