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Lu Y, Fu W, Xing W, Wu H, Zhang C, Xu D. Transcriptional regulation mechanism of PARP1 and its application in disease treatment. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 39118189 PMCID: PMC11308664 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a multifunctional nuclear enzyme that catalyzes poly-ADP ribosylation in eukaryotic cells. In addition to maintaining genomic integrity, this nuclear enzyme is also involved in transcriptional regulation. PARP1 can trigger and maintain changes in the chromatin structure and directly recruit transcription factors. PARP1 also prevents DNA methylation. However, most previous reviews on PARP1 have focused on its involvement in maintaining genome integrity, with less focus on its transcriptional regulatory function. This article comprehensively reviews the transcriptional regulatory function of PARP1 and its application in disease treatment, providing new ideas for targeting PARP1 for the treatment of diseases other than cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
- Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Fu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Xing
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Haowei Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Donggang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
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2
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Szántó M, Yélamos J, Bai P. Specific and shared biological functions of PARP2 - is PARP2 really a lil' brother of PARP1? Expert Rev Mol Med 2024; 26:e13. [PMID: 38698556 PMCID: PMC11140550 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PARP2, that belongs to the family of ADP-ribosyl transferase enzymes (ART), is a discovery of the millennium, as it was identified in 1999. Although PARP2 was described initially as a DNA repair factor, it is now evident that PARP2 partakes in the regulation or execution of multiple biological processes as inflammation, carcinogenesis and cancer progression, metabolism or oxidative stress-related diseases. Hereby, we review the involvement of PARP2 in these processes with the aim of understanding which processes are specific for PARP2, but not for other members of the ART family. A better understanding of the specific functions of PARP2 in all of these biological processes is crucial for the development of new PARP-centred selective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - José Yélamos
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Péter Bai
- HUN-REN-UD Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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3
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Mustafa K, Han Y, He D, Wang Y, Niu N, Jose PA, Jiang Y, Kopp JB, Lee H, Qu P. Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases inhibition by olaparib attenuates activities of the NLRP3 inflammasome and of NF-κB in THP-1 monocytes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295837. [PMID: 38335214 PMCID: PMC10857571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a protein family that make ADP-ribose modifications on target genes and proteins. PARP family members contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, in which monocytes/macrophages play important roles. PARP inhibition is protective against atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which PARP inhibition exerts this beneficial effect are not well understood. Here we show that in THP-1 monocytes, inhibition of PARP by olaparib attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced protein expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components: NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1. Consistent with this effect, olaparib decreased oxLDL-enhanced interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 protein expression. Olaparib also decreased the oxLDL-mediated increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Similar to the effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, olaparib attenuated oxLDL-induced adhesion of monocytes to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and reduced foam cell formation. Furthermore, olaparib attenuated the oxLDL-mediated activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB through the oxLDL-mediated increase in IκBα phosphorylation and assembly of NF-κB subunits, demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation of IκBα with RelA/p50 and RelB/p52 subunits. Moreover, PARP inhibition decreased oxLDL-mediated protein expression of a NF-κB target gene, VCAM1, encoding vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. This finding indicates an important role for NF-κB activity in PARP-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, PARP inhibition by olaparib attenuates NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activities, lessening monocyte cell adhesion and macrophage foam cell formation. These inhibitory effects of olaparib on NLRP3 activity potentially protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Mustafa
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Cardiology, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Yinong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hewang Lee
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peng Qu
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Kamaletdinova T, Zong W, Urbánek P, Wang S, Sannai M, Grigaravičius P, Sun W, Fanaei-Kahrani Z, Mangerich A, Hottiger MO, Li T, Wang ZQ. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Lacking Enzymatic Activity Is Not Compatible with Mouse Development. Cells 2023; 12:2078. [PMID: 37626888 PMCID: PMC10453916 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) binds DNA lesions to catalyse poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) using NAD+ as a substrate. PARP1 plays multiple roles in cellular activities, including DNA repair, transcription, cell death, and chromatin remodelling. However, whether these functions are governed by the enzymatic activity or scaffolding function of PARP1 remains elusive. In this study, we inactivated in mice the enzymatic activity of PARP1 by truncating its C-terminus that is essential for ART catalysis (PARP1ΔC/ΔC, designated as PARP1-ΔC). The mutation caused embryonic lethality between embryonic day E8.5 and E13.5, in stark contrast to PARP1 complete knockout (PARP1-/-) mice, which are viable. Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines can be derived from PARP1ΔC/ΔC blastocysts, and these mutant ES cells can differentiate into all three germ layers, yet, with a high degree of cystic structures, indicating defects in epithelial cells. Intriguingly, PARP1-ΔC protein is expressed at very low levels compared to its full-length counterpart, suggesting a selective advantage for cell survival. Noticeably, PARP2 is particularly elevated and permanently present at the chromatin in PARP1-ΔC cells, indicating an engagement of PARP2 by non-enzymatic PARP1 protein at the chromatin. Surprisingly, the introduction of PARP1-ΔC mutation in adult mice did not impair their viability; yet, these mutant mice are hypersensitive to alkylating agents, similar to PARP1-/- mutant mice. Our study demonstrates that the catalytically inactive mutant of PARP1 causes the developmental block, plausibly involving PARP2 trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kamaletdinova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Pavel Urbánek
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Mara Sannai
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Paulius Grigaravičius
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Wenli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Zahra Fanaei-Kahrani
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;
- Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael O. Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Tangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.K.); (P.U.); (M.S.); (P.G.); (Z.F.-K.)
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (W.Z.); (S.W.); (W.S.); (T.L.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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5
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A noncanonical response to replication stress protects genome stability through ROS production, in an adaptive manner. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1349-1365. [PMID: 36869180 PMCID: PMC10154342 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are inevitably challenged by low-level/endogenous stresses that do not arrest DNA replication. Here, in human primary cells, we discovered and characterized a noncanonical cellular response that is specific to nonblocking replication stress. Although this response generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), it induces a program that prevents the accumulation of premutagenic 8-oxoguanine in an adaptive way. Indeed, replication stress-induced ROS (RIR) activate FOXO1-controlled detoxification genes such as SEPP1, catalase, GPX1, and SOD2. Primary cells tightly control the production of RIR: They are excluded from the nucleus and are produced by the cellular NADPH oxidases DUOX1/DUOX2, whose expression is controlled by NF-κB, which is activated by PARP1 upon replication stress. In parallel, inflammatory cytokine gene expression is induced through the NF-κB-PARP1 axis upon nonblocking replication stress. Increasing replication stress intensity accumulates DNA double-strand breaks and triggers the suppression of RIR by p53 and ATM. These data underline the fine-tuning of the cellular response to stress that protects genome stability maintenance, showing that primary cells adapt their responses to replication stress severity.
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M A, Xavier J, A S F, Bisht P, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Kumar N. Epigenetic basis for PARP mutagenesis in glioblastoma: A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175424. [PMID: 36442619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several modifications in the glioblastoma genes are caused by epigenetic modifications, which are crucial in appropriate developmental processes such as self-renewal and destiny determination of neural stem cells. Poly (ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) is an essential cofactor involved in DNA repair as well as several other cellular functions such as transcription and chromatin shape modification. Inhibiting PARP has evolved for triggering cell damage in cancerous cells when paired with certain other anticancer drugs including temozolomide (TMZ). PARP1 is involved with in base excision repair (BER) pathway, however its functionality differs across types of tumours. Epigenomics as well as chromosomal statistics have contributed to the growth of main subgroups of glioma, which serve as foundation for the categorization of central nervous system (CNS) tumours as well as a unique classification based only on DNA methylation information, which demonstrates extraordinary diagnostic accuracy. Unfortunately, not all patients respond to PARP inhibitors (PARPi), and there is no way to anticipate who will and who will not. In this field, PARPi are one of the innovative medicines currently being explored. As a result, cancer cells that also have a homologous recombination defect become fatal synthetically. As well as preparing the tumour microenvironment for immunotherapy, PARPi may enhance the lethal effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This article analyzes the justification and clinical evidence for PARPi in glioma to offer potential therapeutic approaches. Despite the effectiveness of these targeted drugs, researchers have looked into a number of resistance mechanisms as well as the growing usage of PARPi in clinical practice for the treatment of various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu M
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Joyal Xavier
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Fathima A S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India; Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, Bihar, 844102, India.
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Zong W, Gong Y, Sun W, Li T, Wang ZQ. PARP1: Liaison of Chromatin Remodeling and Transcription. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174162. [PMID: 36077699 PMCID: PMC9454564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a covalent post-translational modification and plays a key role in the immediate response of cells to stress signals. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), the founding member of the PARP superfamily, synthesizes long and branched polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) onto acceptor proteins, thereby modulating their function and their local surrounding. PARP1 is the most prominent of the PARPs and is responsible for the production of about 90% of PAR in the cell. Therefore, PARP1 and PARylation play a pleotropic role in a wide range of cellular processes, such as DNA repair and genomic stability, cell death, chromatin remodeling, inflammatory response and gene transcription. PARP1 has DNA-binding and catalytic activities that are important for DNA repair, yet also modulate chromatin conformation and gene transcription, which can be independent of DNA damage response. PARP1 and PARylation homeostasis have also been implicated in multiple diseases, including inflammation, stroke, diabetes and cancer. Studies of the molecular action and biological function of PARP1 and PARylation provide a basis for the development of pharmaceutic strategies for clinical applications. This review focuses primarily on the role of PARP1 in the regulation of chromatin remodeling and transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); or (Z.-Q.W.)
| | - Yamin Gong
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tangliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); or (Z.-Q.W.)
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Gallardo-Villagrán M, Paulus L, Leger DY, Therrien B, Liagre B. Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A Bio-Friendly or Bio-Hazard Chemical? The Effect of DMSO in Human Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144472. [PMID: 35889344 PMCID: PMC9318029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) has been studied on five different samples harvested from the joints (fingers, hands and pelvis) of five women with RA. At high concentrations (>5%), the presence of DMSO induces the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP-1, two phenomena associated with the cell death mechanism. Even at a 0.5% concentration of DMSO, MTT assays show a strong toxicity after 24 h exposure (≈25% cell death). Therefore, to ensure a minimum impact of DMSO on RA FLSs, our study shows that the concentration of DMSO has to be below 0.05% to be considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gallardo-Villagrán
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (M.G.-V.); (B.T.)
- Laboratoire PEIRENE UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - Lucie Paulus
- Laboratoire PEIRENE UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - David Yannick Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (D.Y.L.)
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; (M.G.-V.); (B.T.)
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, F-87025 Limoges, France; (L.P.); (D.Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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DNA Methylation Malleability and Dysregulation in Cancer Progression: Understanding the Role of PARP1. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030417. [PMID: 35327610 PMCID: PMC8946700 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomic DNA methylation represents a key epigenetic modification and its dynamic regulation that fine-tunes the gene expression of multiple pathways during development. It maintains the gene expression of one generation of cells; particularly, the mitotic inheritance of gene-expression patterns makes it the key governing mechanism of epigenetic change to the next generation of cells. Convincing evidence from recent discoveries suggests that the dynamic regulation of DNA methylation is accomplished by the enzymatic action of TET dioxygenase, which oxidizes the methyl group of cytosine and activates transcription. As a result of aberrant DNA modifications, genes are improperly activated or inhibited in the inappropriate cellular context, contributing to a plethora of inheritable diseases, including cancer. We outline recent advancements in understanding how DNA modifications contribute to tumor suppressor gene silencing or oncogenic-gene stimulation, as well as dysregulation of DNA methylation in cancer progression. In addition, we emphasize the function of PARP1 enzymatic activity or inhibition in the maintenance of DNA methylation dysregulation. In the context of cancer remediation, the impact of DNA methylation and PARP1 pharmacological inhibitors, and their relevance as a combination therapy are highlighted.
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Wang Y, Pleasure D, Deng W, Guo F. Therapeutic Potentials of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) Inhibition in Multiple Sclerosis and Animal Models: Concept Revisiting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102853. [PMID: 34935305 PMCID: PMC8844485 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a fundamental role in DNA repair and gene expression. Excessive PARP1 hyperactivation, however, has been associated with cell death. PARP1 and/or its activity are dysregulated in the immune and central nervous system of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and animal models. Pharmacological PARP1 inhibition is shown to be protective against immune activation and disease severity in MS animal models while genetic PARP1 deficiency studies reported discrepant results. The inconsistency suggests that the function of PARP1 and PARP1-mediated PARylation may be complex and context-dependent. The article reviews PARP1 functions, discusses experimental findings and possible interpretations of PARP1 in inflammation, neuronal/axonal degeneration, and oligodendrogliopathy, three major pathological components cooperatively determining MS disease course and neurological progression, and points out future research directions. Cell type specific PARP1 manipulations are necessary for revisiting the role of PARP1 in the three pathological components prior to moving PARP1 inhibition into clinical trials for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - David Pleasure
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Department of NeurologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95817USA
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative MedicineUC Davis School of Medicine/Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSacramentoCAUSA
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11
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Franz A, Coscia F, Shen C, Charaoui L, Mann M, Sander C. Molecular response to PARP1 inhibition in ovarian cancer cells as determined by mass spectrometry based proteomics. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:140. [PMID: 34686201 PMCID: PMC8539835 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have entered routine clinical practice for the treatment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), yet the molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response to PARP1 inhibition (PARP1i) are not fully understood. METHODS Here, we used unbiased mass spectrometry based proteomics with data-driven protein network analysis to systematically characterize how HGSOC cells respond to PARP1i treatment. RESULTS We found that PARP1i leads to pronounced proteomic changes in a diverse set of cellular processes in HGSOC cancer cells, consistent with transcript changes in an independent perturbation dataset. We interpret decreases in the levels of the pro-proliferative transcription factors SP1 and β-catenin and in growth factor signaling as reflecting the anti-proliferative effect of PARP1i; and the strong activation of pro-survival processes NF-κB signaling and lipid metabolism as PARPi-induced adaptive resistance mechanisms. Based on these observations, we nominate several protein targets for therapeutic inhibition in combination with PARP1i. When tested experimentally, the combination of PARPi with an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (TVB-2640) has a 3-fold synergistic effect and is therefore of particular pre-clinical interest. CONCLUSION Our study improves the current understanding of PARP1 function, highlights the potential that the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP1i may not only rely on DNA damage repair mechanisms and informs on the rational design of PARP1i combination therapies in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Franz
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Fabian Coscia
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ciyue Shen
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Lea Charaoui
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics Program, NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chris Sander
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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12
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Zhu H, Tang YD, Zhan G, Su C, Zheng C. The Critical Role of PARPs in Regulating Innate Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712556. [PMID: 34367175 PMCID: PMC8341640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a family of proteins responsible for transferring ADP-ribose groups to target proteins to initiate the ADP-ribosylation, a highly conserved and fundamental post-translational modification in all organisms. PARPs play important roles in various cellular functions, including regulating chromatin structure, transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. Several studies have recently converged on the widespread involvement of PARPs and ADP-Ribosylation reaction in mammalian innate immunity. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging roles of PARPs family and ADP-ribosylation in regulating the host's innate immune responses involved in cancers, pathogenic infections, and inflammations, which will help discover and design new molecular targets for cancers, pathogenic infections, and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhu
- Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guoqing Zhan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chenhe Su
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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13
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Gupte R, Nandu T, Kraus WL. Nuclear ADP-ribosylation drives IFNγ-dependent STAT1α enhancer formation in macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3931. [PMID: 34168143 PMCID: PMC8225886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT1α is a key transcription factor driving pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. We found that the interferon gamma (IFNγ)-regulated transcriptional program in macrophages is controlled by ADP-ribosylation (ADPRylation) of STAT1α, a post-translational modification resulting in the site-specific covalent attachment of ADP-ribose moieties. PARP-1, the major nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), supports IFNγ-stimulated enhancer formation by regulating the genome-wide binding and IFNγ-dependent transcriptional activation of STAT1α. It does so by ADPRylating STAT1α on specific residues in its DNA-binding domain (DBD) and transcription activation (TA) domain. ADPRylation of the DBD controls STAT1α binding to its cognate DNA elements, whereas ADPRylation of the TA domain regulates enhancer activation by modulating STAT1α phosphorylation and p300 acetyltransferase activity. Loss of ADPRylation at either site leads to diminished IFNγ-dependent transcription and downstream pro-inflammatory responses. We conclude that PARP-1-mediated ADPRylation of STAT1α drives distinct enhancer activation mechanisms and is a critical regulator of inflammatory responses in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gupte
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tulip Nandu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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14
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Wasyluk W, Zwolak A. PARP Inhibitors: An Innovative Approach to the Treatment of Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders in Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1827-1844. [PMID: 33986609 PMCID: PMC8110256 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s300679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is not only a threat to the health of individual patients but also presents a serious epidemiological problem. Despite intensive research, modern sepsis therapy remains based primarily on antimicrobial treatment and supporting the functions of failing organs. Finding a cure for sepsis represents a great and as yet unfulfilled need in modern medicine. Research results indicate that the activity of poly (adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose) polymerase (PARP) may play an important role in the inflammatory response and the cellular metabolic disorders found in sepsis. Mechanisms by which PARP-1 may contribute to inflammation and metabolic disorders include effects on the regulation of gene expression, impaired metabolism, cell death, and the release of alarmins. These findings suggest that inhibition of this enzyme may be a promising solution for the treatment of sepsis. In studies using experimental sepsis models, inhibition of PARP-1 has been shown to ameliorate the inflammatory response and increase survival. This action was described, among others, for olaparib, a PARP-1 inhibitor approved for use in oncology. While the results of current research are promising, the use of PARP inhibitors in non-oncological diseases raises some concerns, mainly related to the enzyme's role in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair. However, the results of studies on experimental models indicate the effectiveness of even short-term PARP-1 inhibition and do not confirm concerns regarding its impact on the integrity of nuclear DNA. Current research presents PARP inhibition as a potential solution for the treatment of sepsis and indicates the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wasyluk
- Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zwolak
- Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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15
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Rosado MM, Pioli C. ADP-ribosylation in evasion, promotion and exacerbation of immune responses. Immunology 2021; 164:15-30. [PMID: 33783820 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more (up to some hundreds) ADP-ribose moieties to acceptor proteins. This evolutionary ancient post-translational modification (PTM) is involved in fundamental processes including DNA repair, inflammation, cell death, differentiation and proliferation, among others. ADP-ribosylation is catalysed by two major families of enzymes: the cholera toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTCs) and the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs, also known as PARPs). ARTCs sense and use extracellular NAD, which may represent a danger signal, whereas ARTDs are present in the cell nucleus and/or cytoplasm. ARTCs mono-ADP-ribosylate their substrates, whereas ARTDs, according to the specific family member, are able to mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylate target proteins or are devoid of enzymatic activity. Both mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation are dynamic processes, as specific hydrolases are able to remove single or polymeric ADP moieties. This dynamic equilibrium between addition and degradation provides plasticity for fast adaptation, a feature being particularly relevant to immune cell functions. ADP-ribosylation regulates differentiation and functions of myeloid, T and B cells. It also regulates the expression of cytokines and chemokines, production of antibodies, isotype switch and the expression of several immune mediators. Alterations in these processes involve ADP-ribosylation in virtually any acute and chronic inflammatory/immune-mediated disease. Besides, pathogens developed mechanisms to contrast the action of ADP-ribosylating enzymes by using their own hydrolases and/or to exploit this PTM to sustain their virulence. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent findings on the role of ADP-ribosylation in immunobiology, immune evasion/subversion by pathogens and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
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16
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Wu Z, Cui P, Tao H, Zhang S, Ma J, Liu Z, Wang J, Qian Y, Chen S, Huang Z, Zheng X, Huang D, Hu Y. The Synergistic Effect of PARP Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2021; 15:1179554921996288. [PMID: 33737855 PMCID: PMC7934064 DOI: 10.1177/1179554921996288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated great promise for treating cancers with homologous recombination (HR) defects, such as germline BRCA1/2 mutation. Further studies suggest that PARP inhibitors (PARPi) can also exhibit efficacy in HR-competent cancers, by amplifying the DNA damage and inducing immunogenic cell death, and PARPi lead to increasing tumor neoantigen, upregulation of interferons and PD-L1, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment, which may facilitate a more profound antitumor immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 have achieved impressive success in the treatment of different malignancies. However, only a subset of populations derive clinical benefit, and the biomarkers and resistance mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, given that PARPi could potentiate the therapeutic effect of ICIs, PARPi combined with ICIs are becoming an alternative for patients who cannot benefit from ICI monotherapy. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms and immune role of PARPi and discuss the rationale and clinical studies of this combined regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhen Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Graduate Administration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyu Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shixue Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Graduate Administration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Graduate Administration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Transcriptional Regulation of Inflammasomes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218087. [PMID: 33138274 PMCID: PMC7663688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multimolecular complexes with potent inflammatory activity. As such, their activity is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we present the transcriptional regulation of inflammasome genes from sensors (e.g., NLRP3) to substrates (e.g., IL-1β). Lineage-determining transcription factors shape inflammasome responses in different cell types with profound consequences on the responsiveness to inflammasome-activating stimuli. Pro-inflammatory signals (sterile or microbial) have a key transcriptional impact on inflammasome genes, which is largely mediated by NF-κB and that translates into higher antimicrobial immune responses. Furthermore, diverse intrinsic (e.g., circadian clock, metabolites) or extrinsic (e.g., xenobiotics) signals are integrated by signal-dependent transcription factors and chromatin structure changes to modulate transcriptionally inflammasome responses. Finally, anti-inflammatory signals (e.g., IL-10) counterbalance inflammasome genes induction to limit deleterious inflammation. Transcriptional regulations thus appear as the first line of inflammasome regulation to raise the defense level in front of stress and infections but also to limit excessive or chronic inflammation.
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18
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Zhang F, Wang C, Jiang Y, Huang K, Liu F, Du M, Luo X, Huang D, Huang K. Yin and Yang Regulation of Liver X Receptor α Signaling Control of Cholesterol Metabolism by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2868-2882. [PMID: 33061802 PMCID: PMC7545717 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα) controls a set of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation remains unknown. The regulatory role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in cholesterol metabolism in the liver was examined. Activation of PARP1 in the liver suppressed LXRα sensing and prevented upregulation of genes involved in HCD-induced cholesterol disposal. Mechanistically, LXRα was poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by activated PARP1, which decreased DNA binding capacity of LXRα, thus preventing its recruitment to the target promoter. Intriguingly, we found that unactivated PARP1 was indispensable for LXRα transactivation and target expression. Further exploration identified unactivated PARP1 as an essential component of the LXRα-promoter complex. Taken together, the results indicate that activated PARP1 suppresses LXRα activation through poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, while unactivated PARP1 promotes LXRα activation through physical interaction. PARP1 is a pivotal regulator of LXRα signaling and cholesterol metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Fangmei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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19
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PARP1 Deficiency Reduces Tumour Growth by Decreasing E2F1 Hyperactivation: A Novel Mechanism in the Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102907. [PMID: 33050515 PMCID: PMC7599842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been evaluated for treating homologous recombination-deficient tumours, taking advantage of synthetic lethality. However, increasing evidence indicates that PARP1 exert several cellular functions unrelated with their role on DNA repair, including function as a co-activator of transcription through protein-protein interaction with E2F1. Since the RB/E2F1 pathway is among the most frequently mutated in many tumour types, we investigated whether the absence of PARP activity could counteract the consequences of E2F1 hyperactivation. Our results demonstrate that genetic ablation of Parp1 extends the survival of Rb-null embryos, while genetic inactivation of Parp1 results in reduced development of pRb-dependent tumours. Our results demonstrate that PARP1 plays a key role as a transcriptional co-activator of the transcription factor E2F1, an important component of the cell cycle regulation. Considering that most oncogenic processes are associated with cell cycle deregulation, the disruption of this PARP1-E2F1 interaction could provide a new therapeutic target of great interest and a wide spectrum of indications.
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20
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Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) restrains MyoD-dependent gene expression during muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15086. [PMID: 32934320 PMCID: PMC7493885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The myogenic factor MyoD regulates skeletal muscle differentiation by interacting with a variety of chromatin-modifying complexes. Although MyoD can induce and maintain chromatin accessibility at its target genes, its binding and trans-activation ability can be limited by some types of not fully characterized epigenetic constraints. In this work we analysed the role of PARP1 in regulating MyoD-dependent gene expression. PARP1 is a chromatin-associated enzyme, playing a well recognized role in DNA repair and that is implicated in transcriptional regulation. PARP1 affects gene expression through multiple mechanisms, often involving the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of chromatin proteins. In line with PARP1 down-regulation during differentiation, we observed that PARP1 depletion boosts the up-regulation of MyoD targets, such as p57, myogenin, Mef2C and p21, while its re-expression reverts this effect. We also found that PARP1 interacts with some MyoD-binding regions and that its presence, independently of the enzymatic activity, interferes with MyoD recruitment and gene induction. We finally suggest a relationship between the binding of PARP1 and the loss of the activating histone modification H3K4me3 at MyoD-binding regions. This work highlights not only a novel player in the epigenetic control of myogenesis, but also a repressive and catalytic-independent mechanisms by which PARP1 regulates transcription.
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21
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The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage Commitment and Specification: Future Perspectives and Limitations for the Treatment of Monocyte and Macrophage Relevant Diseases with PARP Inhibitors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092040. [PMID: 32900001 PMCID: PMC7565932 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of PARP1 expression, changes in its enzymatic activity, post-translational modifications, and inflammasome-dependent cleavage play an important role in the development of monocytes and numerous subtypes of highly specialized macrophages. Transcription of PARP1 is governed by the proliferation status of cells at each step of their development. Higher abundance of PARP1 in embryonic stem cells and in hematopoietic precursors supports their self-renewal and pluri-/multipotency, whereas a low level of the enzyme in monocytes determines the pattern of surface receptors and signal transducers that are functionally linked to the NFκB pathway. In macrophages, the involvement of PARP1 in regulation of transcription, signaling, inflammasome activity, metabolism, and redox balance supports macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1), which drives host defense against pathogens. On the other hand, it seems to limit the development of a variety of subsets of anti-inflammatory myeloid effectors (M2), which help to remove tissue debris and achieve healing. PARP inhibitors, which prevent protein ADP-ribosylation, and PARP1‒DNA traps, which capture the enzyme on chromatin, may allow us to modulate immune responses and the development of particular cell types. They can be also effective in the treatment of monocytic leukemia and other cancers by reverting the anti- to the proinflammatory phenotype in tumor-associated macrophages.
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22
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CD38: T Cell Immuno-Metabolic Modulator. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071716. [PMID: 32709019 PMCID: PMC7408359 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation and subsequent differentiation of T cells following antigenic stimulation are triggered by highly coordinated signaling events that lead to instilling cells with a discrete metabolic and transcriptional feature. Compelling studies indicate that intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels have profound influence on diverse signaling and metabolic pathways of T cells, and hence dictate their functional fate. CD38, a major mammalian NAD+ glycohydrolase (NADase), expresses on T cells following activation and appears to be an essential modulator of intracellular NAD+ levels. The enzymatic activity of CD38 in the process of generating the second messenger cADPR utilizes intracellular NAD+, and thus limits its availability to different NAD+ consuming enzymes (PARP, ART, and sirtuins) inside the cells. The present review discusses how the CD38-NAD+ axis affects T cell activation and differentiation through interfering with their signaling and metabolic processes. We also describe the pivotal role of the CD38-NAD+ axis in influencing the chromatin remodeling and rewiring T cell response. Overall, this review emphasizes the crucial contribution of the CD38-NAD+ axis in altering T cell response in various pathophysiological conditions.
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23
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Pathikonda S, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Role of PARP1 regulation in radiation-induced rescue effect. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:352-367. [PMID: 32329510 PMCID: PMC7299272 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced rescue effect (RIRE) in cells refers to the phenomenon where irradiated cells (IRCs) receive help from feedback signals produced by partnered bystander unirradiated cells (UIRCs) or from the conditioned medium (CM) that has previously conditioned the UIRCs. In the present work, we explored the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) regulation in RIRE and the positive feedback loop between PARP1 and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) in RIRE using various cell lines, including HeLa, MCF7, CNE-2 and HCT116 cells. We first found that when the IRCs (irradiated with 2 Gy X-ray) were treated with CM, the relative mRNA expression levels of both tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and PARP1, the co-localization factor between 53BP1 and γH2AX as well as the fluorescent intensity of PARP1 were reduced. We also found that IRCs treated with the PARP1 inhibitor, Olaparib (AZD2281) had a higher 53BP1 expression. These results illustrated that PARP1 was involved in RIRE transcriptionally and translationally. We further revealed that treatment of IRCs with CM together with Olaparib led to significantly lower mRNA expression levels and fluorescent intensities of NF-κB, while treatment of IRCs with CM together the NF-κB inhibitor BAY-11-7082 led to significantly lower mRNA expression levels as well as fluorescent intensities of PARP1. These results illustrated that PARP1 and NF-κB were involved in the positive feedback loop transcriptionally and translationally. Thus, the results supported the occurrence of a PARP1-NF-κB positive feedback loop in RIRE. The present work provided insights into potential exploitation of inhibition of PARP1 and/or the PARP1-NF-κB positive feedback loop in designing adjuncts to cancer radiotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthy Pathikonda
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Corresponding author. Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Tel: (852)-344-27812; Fax: (852)-344-20538;
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24
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Dutta P, Paico K, Gomez G, Wu Y, Vadgama JV. Transcriptional Regulation of CCL2 by PARP1 Is a Driver for Invasiveness in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1317. [PMID: 32455851 PMCID: PMC7281677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PolyADP ribosylation (PARylation) by PARP1 is a significant post-translational modification affecting protein function in various cancers. However, PARP1 mediated cellular processes in the context of breast cancer are not fully understood. METHOD To identify potential targets of PARP1, we carried out whole transcriptome sequencing with shRNA mediated PARP1 knockdown in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line and inhibited PARP1 with a known PARP1 inhibitor, PJ34. RESULTS Analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed that PARP1 is involved in regulating multiple chemokines under basal conditions, including the chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). PARP1 knockdown and PJ34 mediated inhibition showed reduced CCL2 transcript levels in breast cancer cells, corroborating the findings from the sequencing data. We further showed that PARP1 interacts with the NFκB P65 subunit to regulate transcription of CCL2. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we confirm that both PARP1 and P65 localize to the promoter of CCL2, suggesting direct regulation of CCL2 promoter activity. CCL2, in turn, can positively affect the PARP1 pathway, as global PARylation levels increased upon CCL2 treatment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate crosstalk between PARP1 and CCL2, which is critical for maintaining CCL2 levels in breast cancer cells and subsequently drives cellular invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranabananda Dutta
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (P.D.); (K.P.); (G.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kimberly Paico
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (P.D.); (K.P.); (G.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Gabriela Gomez
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (P.D.); (K.P.); (G.G.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (P.D.); (K.P.); (G.G.); (Y.W.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Jaydutt V. Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA; (P.D.); (K.P.); (G.G.); (Y.W.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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The Progressive Mutagenic Effects of Acidic Bile Refluxate in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis: New Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051064. [PMID: 32344873 PMCID: PMC7281001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the laryngopharynx represent the most devastating of the head and neck malignancies and additional risk factors are now epidemiologically linked to this disease. Using an in vivo model (Mus musculus C57Bl/6J), we provide novel evidence that acidic bile (pH 3.0) progressively promotes invasive cancer in the hypopharynx. Malignant lesions are characterized by increasing: i) oxidative DNA-damage, ii) γH2AX expression, iii) NF-κB activation, and iv) p53 expression. Histopathological changes observed in murine hypopharyngeal mucosa exposed to acidic bile were preceded by the overexpression of Tnf, Il6, Bcl2, Egfr, Rela, Stat3, and the deregulation of miR-21, miR-155, miR-192, miR-34a, miR-375, and miR-451a. This is the first study to document that acidic bile is carcinogenic in the upper aerodigestive tract. We showed that oxidative DNA-damage produced by acidic bile in combination with NF-κB-related anti-apoptotic deregulation further supports the underlying two-hit hypothesized mechanism. Just as importantly, we reproduced the role of several biomarkers of progression that served as valuable indicators of early neoplasia in our experimental model. These findings provide a sound basis for proposing translational studies in humans by exposing new opportunities for early detection and prevention.
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Ragu S, Matos-Rodrigues G, Lopez BS. Replication Stress, DNA Damage, Inflammatory Cytokines and Innate Immune Response. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E409. [PMID: 32283785 PMCID: PMC7230342 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete and accurate DNA replication is essential to genome stability maintenance during cellular division. However, cells are routinely challenged by endogenous as well as exogenous agents that threaten DNA stability. DNA breaks and the activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) arising from endogenous replication stress have been observed at pre- or early stages of oncogenesis and senescence. Proper detection and signalling of DNA damage are essential for the autonomous cellular response in which the DDR regulates cell cycle progression and controls the repair machinery. In addition to this autonomous cellular response, replicative stress changes the cellular microenvironment, activating the innate immune response that enables the organism to protect itself against the proliferation of damaged cells. Thereby, the recent descriptions of the mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory response activation after replication stress, DNA damage and DDR defects constitute important conceptual novelties. Here, we review the links of replication, DNA damage and DDR defects to innate immunity activation by pro-inflammatory paracrine effects, highlighting the implications for human syndromes and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernard S. Lopez
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; (S.R.); (G.M.-R.)
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Pharmacological inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase by olaparib, prevents acute lung injury associated cognitive deficits potentially through suppression of inflammatory response. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 877:173091. [PMID: 32234526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) has been reported to be associated with high mortality rate. Moreover, ALI survivors, frequently present chronic cognitive deterioration. We have previously shown that 'two hit' (hydrochloric acid + lipopolysaccharide) induced ALI resulted in cognitive dysfunction through the induction of systemic inflammation. The present study was designed to explore the potential anti-inflammatory effects of olaparib (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 inhibitor), on ALI mediated cognitive impairment. Olaparib was administered at dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (i.p.) 30 min before each hit. Data show that olaparib pre-treatment markedly reduced the neutrophil infiltration, alveolar capillary damage, inflammatory cytokines level (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6) and oxidative stress in the lungs at 24 h after ALI induction. Also, olaparib pre-treatment ameliorated the ALI associated cognitive impairment as assessed by Morris water maze test on weekly basis for 2 consecutive weeks. Further, restoration of cognitive function was associated with normalization of serum levels of TNF-α/IL-1β and improved the blood brain barrier (BBB) function, as reflected by data on expression of occludin/claudin-5 and extravasation of Evans-blue/FITC dextran in hippocampus at 1 week post injury. Finally, increased mRNA expression of VCAM-1, TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activation in hippocampus indicate induction of neuro-inflammation, which was downregulated upon olaparib administration. Further, olaparib treatment 1 week after ALI induction blunted the systemic inflammation which was associated with improved BBB and cognitive function. Altogether, our results showed that olaparib protects against ALI and associated cognitive deficits in mice, and thus may offer a new treatment avenue in the area.
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28
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Pazzaglia S, Pioli C. Multifaceted Role of PARP-1 in DNA Repair and Inflammation: Pathological and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer and Non-Cancer Diseases. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010041. [PMID: 31877876 PMCID: PMC7017201 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1), mainly known for its protective role in DNA repair, also regulates inflammatory processes. Notably, defects in DNA repair and chronic inflammation may both predispose to cancer development. On the other hand, inhibition of DNA repair and inflammatory responses can be beneficial in cancer therapy and PARP inhibitors are currently used for their lethal effects on tumor cells. Furthermore, excess of PARP-1 activity has been associated with many tumors and inflammation-related clinical conditions, including asthma, sepsis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, to name a few. Activation and inhibition of PARP represent, therefore, a double-edged sword that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. In our review, we will discuss recent findings highlighting the composite multifaceted role of PARP-1 in cancer and inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.P.); Tel.: +39-06-3048-6535 (S.P.); +39-06-3048-3398 (C.P.)
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29
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The Enigmatic Function of PARP1: From PARylation Activity to PAR Readers. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121625. [PMID: 31842403 PMCID: PMC6953017 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is catalysed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs, also known as ARTDs) and then rapidly removed by degrading enzymes. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is produced from PARylation and provides a delicate and spatiotemporal interaction scaffold for numerous target proteins. The PARylation system, consisting of PAR synthesizers and erasers and PAR itself and readers, plays diverse roles in the DNA damage response (DDR), DNA repair, transcription, replication, chromatin remodeling, metabolism, and cell death. Despite great efforts by scientists in biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, genetics, and pharmacology over the last five decades, the biology of PARPs and PARylation remains enigmatic. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological function of PARP1 (ARTD1), the founding member of the PARP family, focusing on the inter-dependent or -independent nature of different functional domains of the PARP1 protein. We also discuss the readers of PAR, whose function may transduce signals and coordinate the cellular processes, which has recently emerged as a new research avenue for PARP biology. We aim to provide some perspective on how future research might disentangle the biology of PARylation by dissecting the structural and functional relationship of PARP1, a major effector of the PARPs family.
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30
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Host poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) in acute and chronic bacterial infections. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:423-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Matveeva EA, Mathbout LF, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. PARP1 is a versatile factor in the regulation of mRNA stability and decay. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3722. [PMID: 30842529 PMCID: PMC6403249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 is an abundant nuclear protein with many pleiotropic functions involved in epigenetic and transcriptional controls. Abundance of mRNA depends on the balance between synthesis and decay of a particular transcript. PARP1 binds RNA and its depletion results in increased expression of genes involved in nonsense-mediated decay, suggesting that PARP1 might be involved in mRNA stability. This is of interest considering RNA binding proteins play key roles in post-transcriptional processes in all eukaryotes. We tested the direct impact of PARP1 and PARylation on mRNA stability and decay. By measuring the half-lives of two PARP1-mRNA targets we found that the half-lives were significantly decreased in PARP1-depleted cells. PARP1 depletion impacted both the synthesis of nascent mRNA and the stability of mature mRNAs. PARylation impacted the production of nascent mRNA and the stability of mature mRNA, albeit to a lesser extent than PARP1 KD. PARylation enhanced the impact of PARP1 depletion. These studies provide the first direct comparative role of PARP1 and PARylation in RNA stability and decay, adding a new dimension as to how PARP1 regulates gene expression. These studies present a platform to begin to tease out the influence of PARP1 at each step of RNA biogenesis and decay to fine-tune gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Matveeva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lein F Mathbout
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Al Maather', Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kunze FA, Bauer M, Komuczki J, Lanzinger M, Gunasekera K, Hopp AK, Lehmann M, Becher B, Müller A, Hottiger MO. ARTD1 in Myeloid Cells Controls the IL-12/18-IFN-γ Axis in a Model of Sterile Sepsis, Chronic Bacterial Infection, and Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1406-1416. [PMID: 30674576 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient for ADP-ribosyltransferase diphteria toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) are protected against microbially induced inflammation. To address the contribution of ARTD1 to inflammation specifically in myeloid cells, we generated an Artd1ΔMyel mouse strain with conditional ARTD1 deficiency in myeloid lineages and examined the strain in three disease models. We found that ARTD1, but not its enzymatic activity, enhanced the transcriptional activation of distinct LPS-induced genes that included IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6 in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages and LPS-induced IL-12/18-IFN-γ signaling in Artd1ΔMyel mice. The loss of Artd1 in myeloid cells also reduced the TH1 response to Helicobacter pylori and impaired immune control of the bacteria. Furthermore, Artd1ΔMyel mice failed to control tumor growth in a s.c. MC-38 model of colon cancer, which could be attributed to reduced TH1 and CD8 responses. Together, these data provide strong evidence for a cell-intrinsic role of ARTD1 in myeloid cells that is independent of its enzymatic activity and promotes type I immunity by promoting IL-12/18 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich A Kunze
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Komuczki
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Margit Lanzinger
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Kapila Gunasekera
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, University Hospital Grosshadern, and Helmholtz Center Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Regulating Immunity via ADP-Ribosylation: Therapeutic Implications and Beyond. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:159-173. [PMID: 30658897 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Upon binding, PAMPs/DAMPs can initiate an immune response by activating lymphocytes, amplifying and modulating signaling cascades, and inducing appropriate effector responses. Protein ADP-ribosylation can regulate cell death, the release of DAMPs, as well as inflammatory cytokine expression. Inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation (i.e. PARP inhibitors) have been developed as therapeutic agents (in cancer), and are also able to dampen inflammation. We summarize here our most recent understanding of how ADP-ribosylation can regulate the different phases of an immune response. Moreover, we examine the potential clinical translation of pharmacological ADP-ribosylation inhibitors as putative treatment strategies for various inflammation-associated diseases (e.g. sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and reperfusion injury).
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
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Kidane D. Molecular Mechanisms of H. pylori-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102891. [PMID: 30249046 PMCID: PMC6213211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections contribute to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms. H. pylori infection is a significant risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which H. pylori infection contributes to carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation is linked to genomic instability via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In this article, we summarize the current knowledge of H. pylori-induced double strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, we provide mechanistic insight into how processing of oxidative DNA damage via base excision repair (BER) leads to DSBs. We review recent studies on how H. pylori infection triggers NF-κB/inducible NO synthase (iNOS) versus NF-κB/nucleotide excision repair (NER) axis-mediated DSBs to drive genomic instability. This review discusses current research findings that are related to mechanisms of DSBs and repair during H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Kidane
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd. R1800, Austin, TX 78723, USA.
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37
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Wielgos ME, Zhang Z, Rajbhandari R, Cooper TS, Zeng L, Forero A, Esteva FJ, Osborne CK, Schiff R, LoBuglio AF, Nozell SE, Yang ES. Trastuzumab-Resistant HER2 + Breast Cancer Cells Retain Sensitivity to Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:921-930. [PMID: 29592880 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
HER2-targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab, have increased the survival rates of HER2+ breast cancer patients. However, despite these therapies, many tumors eventually develop resistance to these therapies. Our lab previously reported an unexpected sensitivity of HER2+ breast cancer cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), agents that target homologous recombination (HR)-deficient tumors, independent of a DNA repair deficiency. In this study, we investigated whether HER2+ trastuzumab-resistant (TR) breast cancer cells were susceptible to PARPi and the mechanism behind PARPi induced cytotoxicity. We demonstrate that the PARPi ABT-888 (veliparib) decreased cell survival in vitro and tumor growth in vivo of HER2+ TR breast cancer cells. PARP-1 siRNA confirmed that cytotoxicity was due, in part, to PARP-1 inhibition. Furthermore, PARP-1 silencing had variable effects on the expression of several NF-κB-regulated genes. In particular, silencing PARP-1 inhibited NF-κB activity and reduced p65 binding at the IL8 promoter, which resulted in a decrease in IL8 mRNA and protein expression. Our results provide insight in the potential mechanism by which PARPi induces cytotoxicity in HER2+ breast cancer cells and support the testing of PARPi in patients with HER2+ breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 921-30. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica E Wielgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rajani Rajbhandari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tiffiny S Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Andres Forero
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Francisco J Esteva
- Breast Medical Oncology Program, NYU Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - C Kent Osborne
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Cancer, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Albert F LoBuglio
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Susan E Nozell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Zaffini R, Gotte G, Menegazzi M. Asthma and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition: a new therapeutic approach. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:281-293. [PMID: 29483769 PMCID: PMC5813949 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s150846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease affecting people of all ages worldwide, and it frequently begins in childhood. Because of its chronic nature, it is characterized by pathological manifestations, including airway inflammation, remodeling, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Current therapies for asthma, including corticosteroids and beta-2 adrenergic agonists, are directed toward relieving the symptoms of the asthmatic response, with poor effectiveness against the underlying causes of the disease. Asthma initiation and progression depends on the T helper (Th) 2 type immune response carried out by a complex interplay of cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 4, IL5, and IL13, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6. Much of the data resulting from different laboratories support the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 and PARP14 activation in asthma. Indeed, PARP enzymes play key roles in the regulation and progression of the inflammatory asthma process because they affect the expression of genes and chemokines involved in the immune response. Consistently, PARP inhibition achievable either upon genetic ablation or by using pharmacological agents has shown a range of therapeutic effects against the disease. Indeed, in the last two decades, several preclinical studies highlighted the protective effects of PARP inhibition in various animal models of asthma. PARP inhibitors showed the ability to reduce the overall lung inflammation acting with a specific effect on immune cell recruitment and through the modulation of asthma-associated cytokines production. PARP inhibition has been shown to affect the Th1–Th2 balance and, at least in some aspects, the airway remodeling. In this review, we summarize and discuss the steps that led PARP inhibition to become a possible future therapeutic strategy against allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Zaffini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gotte
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Dharwal V, Naura AS. PARP-1 inhibition ameliorates elastase induced lung inflammation and emphysema in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:24-34. [PMID: 29355504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COPD is associated with high morbidity and mortality and no effective treatment is available till date. We have previously reported that PARP-1 plays an important role in the establishment of airway inflammation associated with asthma and ALI. In the present work, we have evaluated the beneficial effects of PARP-1 inhibition on COPD pathogenesis utilizing elastase induced mouse model of the disease. Our data show that PARP-1 inhibition by olaparib significantly reduced the elastase-induced recruitment of inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils in the lungs of mice when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt (i.p.). Reduction in the lung inflammation was associated with suppressed myeloperoxidase activity. Further, the drug restored the redox status in the lung tissues towards normal as reflected by the levels of ROS, GSH and MDA. Olaparib administration prior to elastase instillation blunted the phosphorylation of P65-NF-κB at Ser 536 without altering phosphorylation of its inhibitor IκBα in the lungs. Furthermore, olaparib down regulated the elastase-induced expression of NF-κB dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-A, IL-6), chemokine (MIP-2) and growth factor (GCSF) severely both at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, PARP-1 heterozygosity suppressed the recruitment of inflammatory cells and production of TNF-A, IL-6, MIP-2 and GCSF in the BALF to the similar extent as exhibited by olaparib administration. Finally, PARP-1 inhibition by olaparib or gene deletion protected against elastase-induced emphysema markedly. Overall, our data strongly suggest that PARP-1 plays a critical role in elastase induced lung inflammation and emphysema, and thus may be a new drug target candidate in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Luccarini I, Pantano D, Nardiello P, Cavone L, Lapucci A, Miceli C, Nediani C, Berti A, Stefani M, Casamenti F. The Polyphenol Oleuropein Aglycone Modulates the PARP1-SIRT1 Interplay: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:737-50. [PMID: 27567859 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) activation contributes to the cascade of events initiated by amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide eventually leading to cell death in Alzheimer's disease brain. A significant accumulation of PAR polymers and increase of PARP1 expression were detected in the cortex at the early (3.5 months) and intermediate (6 months) stage of Aβ deposition in the TgCRND8 mouse model. Our previous data highlighted the beneficial effects of oleuropein aglycone (OLE), the main polyphenol found in the olive oil, against neurodegeneration both in cultured cells and in model organisms. Here we found that 8-week OLE treatment (50 mg/kg of diet) to 6-month-old TgCRND8 mice rescued to control values PARP1 activation and the levels of its product, PAR. In N2a neuroblastoma cells, PARP1 activation and PAR formation upon exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were abolished by pretreatment for 24 h with either OLE (100μM) or PARP inhibitors. A significant reduction of the NAD+ content, compared to controls, was found in N2a cells exposed to MNNG (100μM) for 90 min; the latter was slightly attenuated by cell treatment for 24 h with PJ-34 or with OLE. In vitro and in vivo, the OLE-induced reduction of PARP1 activation was paralleled by the overexpression of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), and, in vivo, by a decrease of NF-κB and the pro-apoptotic marker p53. In N2a cells, we also found that OLE potentiates the MNNG-induced increase of Beclin1 levels. In conclusion, our data show that OLE treatment counteracts neuronal damage through modulation of the PARP1-SIRT1 interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Luccarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Pantano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Nardiello
- Department of Experimental Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cavone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Miceli
- Department of Experimental Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Berti
- Department of Experimental Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Kers J, Leemans JC, Linkermann A. An Overview of Pathways of Regulated Necrosis in Acute Kidney Injury. Semin Nephrol 2018; 36:139-52. [PMID: 27339380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrosis is the predominant form of regulated cell death in acute kidney injury (AKI) and represents results in the formation of casts that appear in the urine sedimentation, referred to as muddy brown casts, which are part of the diagnosis of AKI. Pathologists referred to this typical feature as acute tubular necrosis. We are only beginning to understand the dynamics and the molecular pathways that underlie such typical necrotic morphology. In this review, we provide an overview of candidate pathways and summarize the emerging evidence for the relative contribution of these pathways of regulated necrosis, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition-mediated regulated necrosis, parthanatos, and pyroptosis. Inhibitors of each of these pathways are available, and clinical trials may be started after the detection of the most promising drug targets, which will be discussed here. With the global burden of AKI in mind, inhibitiors of regulated necrosis represent promising means to prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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42
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Schuhwerk H, Bruhn C, Siniuk K, Min W, Erener S, Grigaravicius P, Krüger A, Ferrari E, Zubel T, Lazaro D, Monajembashi S, Kiesow K, Kroll T, Bürkle A, Mangerich A, Hottiger M, Wang ZQ. Kinetics of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, but not PARP1 itself, determines the cell fate in response to DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11174-11192. [PMID: 28977496 PMCID: PMC5737718 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fastest cellular responses to genotoxic stress is the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymers (PAR) by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1, or ARTD1). PARP1 and its enzymatic product PAR regulate diverse biological processes, such as DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, transcription and cell death. However, the inter-dependent function of the PARP1 protein and its enzymatic activity clouds the mechanism underlying the biological response. We generated a PARP1 knock-in mouse model carrying a point mutation in the catalytic domain of PARP1 (D993A), which impairs the kinetics of the PARP1 activity and the PAR chain complexity in vitro and in vivo, designated as hypo-PARylation. PARP1D993A/D993A mice and cells are viable and show no obvious abnormalities. Despite a mild defect in base excision repair (BER), this hypo-PARylation compromises the DNA damage response during DNA replication, leading to cell death or senescence. Strikingly, PARP1D993A/D993A mice are hypersensitive to alkylation in vivo, phenocopying the phenotype of PARP1 knockout mice. Our study thus unravels a novel regulatory mechanism, which could not be revealed by classical loss-of-function studies, on how PAR homeostasis, but not the PARP1 protein, protects cells and organisms from acute DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher Bruhn
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kanstantsin Siniuk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wookee Min
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Suheda Erener
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulius Grigaravicius
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Krüger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRSCB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Zubel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRSCB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Lazaro
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Shamci Monajembashi
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirstin Kiesow
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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Melikishvili M, Chariker JH, Rouchka EC, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Transcriptome-wide identification of the RNA-binding landscape of the chromatin-associated protein PARP1 reveals functions in RNA biogenesis. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17043. [PMID: 29387452 PMCID: PMC5787697 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies implicate Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in alternative splicing regulation, and PARP1 may be an RNA-binding protein. However, detailed knowledge of RNA targets and the RNA-binding region for PARP1 are unknown. Here we report the first global study of PARP1–RNA interactions using PAR–CLIP in HeLa cells. We identified a largely overlapping set of 22 142 PARP1–RNA-binding peaks mapping to mRNAs, with 20 484 sites located in intronic regions. PARP1 preferentially bound RNA containing GC-rich sequences. Using a Bayesian model, we determined positional effects of PARP1 on regulated exon-skipping events: PARP1 binding upstream and downstream of the skipped exons generally promotes exon inclusion, whereas binding within the exon of interest and intronic regions closer to the skipped exon promotes exon skipping. Using truncation mutants, we show that removal of the Zn1Zn2 domain switches PARP1 from a DNA binder to an RNA binder. This study represents a first step into understanding the role of PARP1–RNA interaction. Continued identification and characterization of the functional interplay between PARPs and RNA may provide important insights into the role of PARPs in RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manana Melikishvili
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Julia H Chariker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Sethi GS, Dharwal V, Naura AS. Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase-1 in Lung Inflammatory Disorders: A Review. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1172. [PMID: 28974953 PMCID: PMC5610677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are lung inflammatory disorders with a common outcome, that is, difficulty in breathing. Corticosteroids, a class of potent anti-inflammatory drugs, have shown less success in the treatment/management of these disorders, particularly ALI and COPD; thus, alternative therapies are needed. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are the post-translational modifying enzymes with a primary role in DNA repair. During the last two decades, several studies have reported the critical role played by PARPs in a good of inflammatory disorders. In the current review, the studies that address the role of PARPs in asthma, ALI, and COPD have been discussed. Among the different members of the family, PARP-1 emerges as a key player in the orchestration of lung inflammation in asthma and ALI. In addition, PARP activation seems to be associated with the progression of COPD. Furthermore, PARP-14 seems to play a crucial role in asthma. STAT-6 and GATA-3 are reported to be central players in PARP-1-mediated eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Interestingly, oxidative stress-PARP-1-NF-κB axis appears to be tightly linked with inflammatory response in all three-lung diseases despite their distinct pathophysiologies. The present review sheds light on PARP-1-regulated factors, which may be common or differential players in asthma/ALI/COPD and put forward our prospective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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45
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Ruan Q, Ruan J, Zhang W, Qian F, Yu Z. Targeting NAD + degradation: The therapeutic potential of flavonoids for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive frailty. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:345-358. [PMID: 28847709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are efficacious candidates as pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), aging and other age-related chronic inflammatory diseases. Natural flavonoids reduce pathological hallmarks, extracellular amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles by mediating amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, Aβ accumulation and tau pathology. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of sirtuins and telomeres are also involved in the amelioration of aging, neurodegeneration and other age-related diseases. Recently, some flavonoids were shown to inhibit poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and cyclic ADP-ribose (cADP) synthases (CD38 and CD157), elevate intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+) levels and activate NAD+ dependent sirtuin -mediated signaling pathways. We summarized how flavonoids reduce the degradation of NAD+ with an emphasis on the mechanisms through which flavonoids affect the NAD+-sirtuin axis to protect against AD. Aging and age-related diseases as well as a decline in the physiological reserve are the risk factors for cognitive frailty. Flavonoids with multiple therapeutic targets may also be potential candidates for the prevention and treatment of cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Ruan
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhuowei Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Acetylation- and Methylation-Related Epigenetic Proteins in the Context of Their Targets. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8080196. [PMID: 28783137 PMCID: PMC5575660 DOI: 10.3390/genes8080196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleosome surface is covered with multiple modifications that are perpetuated by eight different classes of enzymes. These enzymes modify specific target sites both on DNA and histone proteins, and these modifications have been well identified and termed “epigenetics”. These modifications play critical roles, either by affecting non-histone protein recruitment to chromatin or by disturbing chromatin contacts. Their presence dictates the condensed packaging of DNA and can coordinate the orderly recruitment of various enzyme complexes for DNA manipulation. This genetic modification machinery involves various writers, readers, and erasers that have unique structures, functions, and modes of action. Regarding human disease, studies have mainly focused on the genetic mechanisms; however, alteration in the balance of epigenetic networks can result in major pathologies including mental retardation, chromosome instability syndromes, and various types of cancers. Owing to its critical influence, great potential lies in developing epigenetic therapies. In this regard, this review has highlighted mechanistic and structural interactions of the main epigenetic families with their targets, which will help to identify more efficient and safe drugs against several diseases.
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47
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Mishra M, Kowluru RA. Role of PARP-1 as a novel transcriptional regulator of MMP-9 in diabetic retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1761-1769. [PMID: 28478229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In diabetes, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is activated, which damages mitochondria, resulting in accelerated capillary cell apoptosis. Regulation of MMP-9 is controlled by multiple transcription factors including nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Binding of these transcription factors, however, can be regulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), which forms a strong initiation complex at the promoter region and facilitates multiple rounds of gene transcription. This complex formation with the transcription factors is regulated by posttranslational acetylation of PARP-1, and in diabetes, the deacetylating enzyme, Sirt1, is inhibited. Our aim was to understand the role of PARP-1 in transcriptional regulation of MMP-9 in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Using human retinal endothelial cells, the effect of PARP-1 inhibition (pharmacologically by PJ34, 1μM; or genetically by its siRNA) on MMP-9 expression was investigated. The effect of PARP-1 acetylation on its binding at the MMP-9 promoter, and with NF-kB/AP-1, was investigated in the cells transfected with Sirt1. In vitro results were validated in the retinal microvessels from diabetic mice either administered PJ34, or overexpressing Sirt1. Inhibition of PARP-1 ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced increase in the binding of NF-kB/AP-1 at the MMP-9 promoter, decreased MMP-9 expression and ameliorated mitochondrial damage. Overexpression of Sirt1 attenuated diabetes-induced increase in PARP-1 binding at MMP-9 promoter or with NF-kB/AP-1. Thus, PARP-1, via manipulating the binding of NF-kB/AP-1 at the MMP-9 promoter, regulates MMP-9 expression, which helps maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mishra
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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Hazra J, Mukherjee P, Ali A, Poddar S, Pal M. Engagement of Components of DNA-Break Repair Complex and NFκB in Hsp70A1A Transcription Upregulation by Heat Shock. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168165. [PMID: 28099440 PMCID: PMC5242496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An involvement of components of DNA-break repair (DBR) complex including DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1) in transcription regulation in response to distinct cellular signalling has been revealed by different laboratories. Here, we explored the involvement of DNA-PK and PARP-1 in the heat shock induced transcription of Hsp70A1A. We find that inhibition of both the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKc), and Ku70, a regulatory subunit of DNA-PK holo-enzyme compromises transcription of Hsp70A1A under heat shock treatment. In immunoprecipitation based experiments we find that Ku70 or DNA-PK holoenzyme associates with NFκB. This NFκB associated complex also carries PARP-1. Downregulation of both NFκB and PARP-1 compromises Hsp70A1A transcription induced by heat shock treatment. Alteration of three bases by site directed mutagenesis within the consensus κB sequence motif identified on the promoter affected inducibility of Hsp70A1A transcription by heat shock treatment. These results suggest that NFκB engaged with the κB motif on the promoter cooperates in Hsp70A1A activation under heat shock in human cells as part of a DBR complex including DNA-PK and PARP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Hazra
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Pooja Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumita Poddar
- Bioinformatics Center, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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49
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Tian Y, Zhang F, Xu W, Li X, Shu Z, Wang Y, Huang K, Huang D. Inhibition of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Protects Chronic Alcoholic Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3117-3130. [PMID: 27746183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) by gut-derived endotoxin plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Limiting the activation of resident KCs attenuates chronic ethanol-induced liver steatosis and injury. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 is suggested to play a role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we found a significant increase of hepatic PARP activity in mice with short-term and long-term ethanol-induced ALD. Male mice on a long-term ethanol diet exhibited severe hepatic steatosis and apoptosis and enhanced KC activation and neutrophil infiltration. However, pharmacologic inhibition of PARP activity or genetic depletion of PARP1 significantly attenuated these detrimental effects in vivo. We found that inhibition of PARP1 effectively reduced hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and elevated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipolysis. Moreover, limited KC activation and neutrophil infiltration were observed in PARP1 knockout mice or PARP inhibitor-treated mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments found that LPS-induced macrophage activation was limited by PARP inhibitor, and exposure of ethanol-treated hepatocytes to this conditioned medium further decreased the number of apoptotic and steatotic cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that PARP1 inhibition protects against long-term ethanol-induced liver injury, as indicated by limited hepatocytes steatosis, apoptosis, inflammation levels, and neutrophil infiltration, mainly by limiting KC activation during the initiation of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunli Tian
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangrao Li
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiping Shu
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ji Y, Thomas C, Tulin N, Lodhi N, Boamah E, Kolenko V, Tulin AV. Charon Mediates Immune Deficiency-Driven PARP-1-Dependent Immune Responses in Drosophila. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2382-9. [PMID: 27527593 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of NF-κB nuclear translocation and stability is central to mounting an effective innate immune response. In this article, we describe a novel molecular mechanism controlling NF-κB-dependent innate immune response. We show that a previously unknown protein, termed as Charon, functions as a regulator of antibacterial and antifungal immune defense in Drosophila Charon is an ankyrin repeat-containing protein that mediates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent transcriptional responses downstream of the innate immune pathway. Our results demonstrate that Charon interacts with the NF-κB ortholog Relish inside perinuclear particles and delivers active Relish to PARP-1-bearing promoters, thus triggering NF-κB/PARP-1-dependent transcription of antimicrobial peptides. Ablating the expression of Charon prevents Relish from targeting promoters of antimicrobial genes and effectively suppresses the innate immune transcriptional response. Taken together, these results implicate Charon as an essential mediator of PARP-1-dependent transcription in the innate immune pathway. Thus, to our knowledge, our results are the first to describe the molecular mechanism regulating translocation of the NF-κB subunit from cytoplasm to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbiao Ji
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | | | | | - Niraj Lodhi
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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