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Guo Z, Peng J, Zhou Z, Wang F, He M, Lu S, Chen X. Benzorhodol derived far-red/near-infrared fluorescent probes for selective and sensitive detection of butyrylcholinesterase activity in living cells and the non-alcoholic fatty liver of zebrafish. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4054-4059. [PMID: 38869016 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00662c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases are a growing public health concern and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a significant impact on human metabolism. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a vital biomarker for NAFLD, making it crucial to monitor BChE activity with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this study, we designed and synthesized a range of benzorhodol-derived far-red/near-infrared fluorescent probes, FRBN-B, NF-SB, and NF-B, for the quantitative detection and imaging of BChE. These probes differed in the size of their conjugated systems and in the number of incorporated cyclopropanecarboxylates, acting as the recognition site for BChE. Comprehensive characterization showed that FRBN-B and NF-SB fluorescence was triggered by BChE-mediated hydrolysis, while an additional cyclopropanecarboxylate in NF-B impeded the fluorescence release. High selectivity towards BChE was observed for FRBN-B and NF-SB, with a detection limit of 7.2 × 10-3 U mL-1 for FRBN-B and 1.9 × 10-3 U mL-1 for NF-SB. The probes were further employed in the evaluation of BChE inhibitor efficacy and imaging of intracellular BChE activity. Additionally, FRBN-B was utilized for imaging the BChE activity level in liver tissues in zebrafish, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic tool for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Junqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Mingfang He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Vuic B, Milos T, Tudor L, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Nedic Erjavec G, Farkas V, Uzun S, Mimica N, Svob Strac D. Pharmacogenomics of Dementia: Personalizing the Treatment of Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2048. [PMID: 38002991 PMCID: PMC10671071 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome of global and progressive deterioration of cognitive skills, especially memory, learning, abstract thinking, and orientation, usually affecting the elderly. The most common forms are Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other (frontotemporal, Lewy body disease) dementias. The etiology of these multifactorial disorders involves complex interactions of various environmental and (epi)genetic factors and requires multiple forms of pharmacological intervention, including anti-dementia drugs for cognitive impairment, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics and sedatives for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and other drugs for comorbid disorders. The pharmacotherapy of dementia patients has been characterized by a significant interindividual variability in drug response and the development of adverse drug effects. The therapeutic response to currently available drugs is partially effective in only some individuals, with side effects, drug interactions, intolerance, and non-compliance occurring in the majority of dementia patients. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of a patient's response to pharmacotherapy might help clinicians select the most effective treatment for dementia while minimizing the likelihood of adverse reactions and drug interactions. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics may contribute to the individualization and optimization of dementia pharmacotherapy by increasing its efficacy and safety via a prediction of clinical outcomes. Thus, it can significantly improve the quality of life in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vuic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Tina Milos
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.U.); (N.M.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.V.); (T.M.); (L.T.); (M.N.P.); (M.K.); (G.N.E.); (V.F.)
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Furtado-Alle L, Tureck LV, de Oliveira CS, Hortega JVM, Souza RLR. Butyrylcholinesterase and lipid metabolism: Possible dual role in metabolic disorders. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110680. [PMID: 37634560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), an enzyme primarily found in the liver, plasma, and brain, has been recognized for its role in the hydrolysis of choline esters. Recent studies have shed light on its involvement in lipid metabolism, revealing its potential as a crucial player in maintaining lipid homeostasis. However, the interactions between external factors and BChE activity in lipid metabolic pathways remain a complex subject of study. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding BChE activity and lipid metabolism and seeks to clarify the nature of this relationship as causal or consequential. Evidence supports the role of BChE in energy homeostasis disruption, such as obesity and related metabolic disorders, where it exhibits lipolytic activity and mediates fatty acid use and storage. The unexpected functions of BChE in lipoprotein synthesis and the impact of polymorphic variants of the BCHE gene suggest a central role in lipid metabolism; however, further investigation is needed to confirm and describe these functions, especially considering the metabolic context. Furthermore, exploring therapeutic interventions in lipid metabolism disorders contributes to elucidating their implications on BChE activity, but attention to the metabolic status and genotypes as possible factors in this interaction is needed. In summary, further research in this field holds promise for improving our understanding of the complex interplay between BChE and lipid metabolism, and its potential clinical applications. However, the available data corroborate the dual role of BChE activity, both as a critical responsive element to metabolic challenges and as a predisposition factor to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupe Furtado-Alle
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane V Tureck
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina S de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - João V M Hortega
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L R Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná UFPR, PR, Brazil.
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Tian J, Du E, Jia K, Wang T, Guo L, Zigman JM, Du H. Elevated Ghrelin Promotes Hippocampal Ghrelin Receptor Defects in Humanized Amyloid-β Knockin Mice During Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1579-1592. [PMID: 38007666 PMCID: PMC10841720 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has revealed that dysregulation of the hormone ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, defective GHSR function and resultant hippocampal ghrelin resistance are linked to hippocampal synaptic injury in AD paradigms. Also, AD patients exhibit elevated ghrelin activation. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of hippocampal GHSR dysfunction and the relevance of ghrelin elevation to hippocampal ghrelin resistance in AD-relevant pathological settings are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we employed a recently established mouse line of AD risk [humanized amyloid beta knockin (hAβ KI mice), also referred to as a mouse model of late-onset AD in previous literature] to further define the role of ghrelin system dysregulation in the development of AD. METHODS We employed multidisciplinary techniques to determine the change of plasma ghrelin and the functional status of GHSR in hAβ KI mice as well as primary neuron cultures. RESULTS We observed concurrent plasma ghrelin elevation and hippocampal GHSR desensitization with disease progression. Further examination excluded the possibility that ghrelin elevation is a compensatory change in response to GHSR dysfunction. In contrast, further in vitro and in vivo results show that agonist-mediated overstimulation potentiates GHSR desensitization through enhanced GHSR internalization. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that circulating ghrelin elevation is a pathological event underlying hippocampal GHSR dysfunction, culminating in hippocampal ghrelin resistance and resultant synaptic injury in late-onset AD-related settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Eric Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Blue Valley West High School, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | - Kun Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Alzheimer’s disease Research Center (ADRC), Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Gok M, Madrer N, Zorbaz T, Bennett ER, Greenberg D, Bennett DA, Soreq H. Altered levels of variant cholinesterase transcripts contribute to the imbalanced cholinergic signaling in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:941467. [PMID: 36117917 PMCID: PMC9479005 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.941467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BChE) are involved in modulating cholinergic signaling, but their roles in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD) remain unclear. We identified a higher frequency of the functionally impaired BCHE-K variant (rs1803274) in AD and PD compared to controls and lower than in the GTEx dataset of healthy individuals (n = 651); in comparison, the prevalence of the 5'-UTR (rs1126680) and intron 2 (rs55781031) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BCHE and ACHE's 3'-UTR (rs17228616) which disrupt AChE mRNA targeting by miR-608 remained unchanged. qPCR validations confirmed lower levels of the dominant splice variant encoding the "synaptic" membrane-bound ACHE-S in human post-mortem superior temporal gyrus samples from AD and in substantia nigra (but not amygdala) samples from PD patients (n = 79, n = 67) compared to controls, potentially reflecting region-specific loss of cholinergic neurons. In contradistinction, the non-dominant "readthrough" AChE-R mRNA variant encoding for soluble AChE was elevated (p < 0.05) in the AD superior temporal gyrus and the PD amygdala, but not in the neuron-deprived substantia nigra. Elevated levels of BChE (p < 0.001) were seen in AD superior temporal gyrus. Finally, all three ACHE splice variants, AChE-S, AChE-R, and N-extended AChE, were elevated in cholinergic-differentiated human neuroblastoma cells, with exposure to the oxidative stress agent paraquat strongly downregulating AChE-S and BChE, inverse to their upregulation under exposure to the antioxidant simvastatin. The multi-leveled changes in cholinesterase balance highlight the role of post-transcriptional regulation in neurodegeneration. (235).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslum Gok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamara Zorbaz
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Estelle R. Bennett
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Greenberg
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Xiang C, Xiang J, Yang X, Li C, Zhou L, Jiang D, Peng Y, Xu Z, Deng G, Zhu B, Zhang P, Cai L, Gong P. Ratiometric imaging of butyrylcholinesterase activity in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver using an AIE-based fluorescent probe. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4254-4260. [PMID: 35583194 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00422d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an essential human biomarker which is related to liver and neurodegenerative diseases. It is of great significance to develop a fluorescent probe that can image BChE in vitro and in vivo. Unfortunately, most fluorescent probes that are based on a single change in fluorescence intensity are susceptible to environmental interference. Therefore, we reported an easily available ratiometric fluorescent probe, TB-BChE, with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics for ratiometric imaging of BChE. TB-BChE demonstrated excellent sensitivity (LOD = 39.24 ng mL-1) and specificity for BChE. Moreover, we have successfully studied the ratiometric imaging of TB-BChE to BChE in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model. These results indicated that TB-BChE is expected to become a powerful analysis tool for butyrylcholinesterase research in basic medicine and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbai Xiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunbin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- School of Applied Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Technology, No. 1 Jiangjunmao, Shenzhen 518116, P. R. China
| | - Daoyong Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yonglin Peng
- Pinete (Zhongshan) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Digital trade building, No. 6, Xiangxing Road, Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Guanjun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Baode Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Bioactive Materials Engineering Lab for Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Kozlova DI, Khizha VV, Anosova LV, Korolkova AA, Vasilev DS, Rybakov AV, Pakhomov KV, Shishkin AB, Sumina SV, Ballyzek MF. A New Diagnostic Index Based on the Activity of Butyrylcholinesterase Isoforms for Laboratory Confirmation of Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302203022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kumar N, Bhushan S, Patole PB, Gite A. Multi-biomarker approach to assess chromium, pH and temperature toxicity in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109264. [PMID: 35041967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered as the most common ubiquitous pollutant for aquatic animals including fish. An experiment was conducted to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of Cr, pH and high temperature in Anabas testudineus. Lethal concentration (LC50) of Cr alone was determined as 55.02 mg L-1, Cr and low pH 48.19 mg L-1 and Cr, low pH and high temperature 47.16 mg L-1. The chronic toxicity of low dose of Cr, pH and high temperature (1/10th and 1/20th of LC50) was designed to execute the experiment for 72 days. The stress enzymes and biomarkers were determined viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase, lipid peroxide, acetylcholine esterase, cortisol, HSP-70, blood glucose, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, ATPase and genotoxicity in this study. We had also studied the integrated biomarker response (IBR), which revealed that Cr toxicity enhanced with concurrent exposure to pH and high temperature. All the biochemical attributes were significantly altered with exposure to Cr alone and with low pH and high temperature except gill SOD. Further, thermal tolerance was also determined, and results revealed that thermal tolerance was significantly reduced with exposure to Cr alone and Cr and low pH exposure in A. testudineus. The present study concluded that, the chronic toxicity of Cr is enhanced with low pH and high temperature and it has led to understanding the multi-approach of Cr toxicity which affect, stress biomarkers, cellular metabolic stress and thermal tolerance of A. testudineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India.
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Pooja Bapurao Patole
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India
| | - Archana Gite
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India
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Habieb MS, Elhelbawy NG, Alhanafy AM, Elhelbawy MG, Alkelany AS, Wahb AM. Study of the potential association of the BCHE rs1803274 genetic polymorphism and serum level of its protein with breast cancer. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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10
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Reid GA, Darvesh S. Interaction of Exogenous Butyrylcholinesterase with β-Amyloid Plaques in 5XFAD/Butyrylcholinesterase-Knockout Mouse Brain. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:470-481. [PMID: 34455970 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210827122704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyloid models such as the 5XFAD mouse, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and has unique biochemical features which distinguish it from that found in neurons. It has been suggested that BChE associated with Aβ plaques may be involved in the maturation of this structure and thus disease progression. OBJECTIVE Currently, it is unknown whether BChE bound to Aβ plaques has altered biochemical properties due to a different primary structure or because of the association of this enzyme with Aβ plaques. Also, the source and binding mechanism of this BChE remains unknown. METHODS Brain tissue sections from the 5XFAD/BChE-KO mouse were incubated with exogenous sources of BChE and stained for this enzyme's activity. Efforts were made to determine what region of BChE or Aβ may be involved in this association. RESULTS We found that incubation of 5XFAD/BChE-KO brain tissues with exogenous BChE led to this enzyme becoming associated with Aβ plaques and neurons. In contrast to neuronal BChE, the BChE bound to Aβ plaques had similar biochemical properties to those seen in AD. Mutations to BChE and efforts to block Aβ epitomes failed to prevent this association. CONCLUSION The association of BChE with Aβ plaques, and the resultant biochemical changes, suggests that BChE may undergo a conformational change when bound to Aβ plaques but not neurons. The 5XFAD/BChE-KO model is ideally suited to explore the binding mechanism of BChE to Aβ plaques as well as the involvement of BChE in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Reid
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S Darvesh
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Awan S, Hashmi AN, Taj R, Munir S, Habib R, Batool S, Azam M, Qamar R, Nurulain SM. Genetic Association of Butyrylcholinesterase with Major Depressive Disorder. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:720-737. [PMID: 34414522 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized as clinical depression, which primarily affects the mood and behaviour of an individual. In the present study butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a co-regulatory cholinergic neurotransmitter enzyme implicated in several putative neuronal and non-neuronal physiological roles was investigated for its role in MDD. Eighty MDD patients and sixty-one healthy controls were recruited for the study. BChE activity was measured by Ellman's method using serum while DNA samples of the patients were genotyped for BCHE polymorphisms rs3495 (c.*189G > A) and rs1803274 (c.1699G > A) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System- polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). The genotyping was further validated by Sanger Sequencing. Biochemical estimation of serum BChE levels revealed a statistically significant decrease of enzyme activity in MDD patients (69.96) as compared to healthy controls (90.97), which was independent of age and gender. BCHE single nucleotide polymorphism rs1803274 genotype GA was found to be associated with the disease under a dominant model (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.09-4.96; p value = 0.025). Furthermore, risk allele-A frequency was higher in cases (p value = 0.013) than control. Carriers of rs1803274 GA genotype showed reduced mean BChE activity than wild-type allele GG homozygotes (p value = 0.040). Gender-based analysis revealed a protective role of rs3495 in females (χ2 = 6.87, p value = 0.032, RM: OR 0.173, CI = 0.043-0.699 (p value = 0.017). In addition, rs1803274 risk allele-A was observed to be significantly higher in males (χ2 = 4.258, p value = 0.039). In conclusion, the present study is indicative of a role of BChE in the pathophysiology of MDD where genetic polymorphisms were observed to effect BChE activity. Further replication studies in different ethnicities are recommended to validate the current observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sliha Awan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Aisha N Hashmi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Taj
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Munir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Habib
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan. .,Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Tarlai Kalan, Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Science and Technology Sector, ICESCO, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Syed M Nurulain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
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12
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Gorecki L, Uliassi E, Bartolini M, Janockova J, Hrabinova M, Hepnarova V, Prchal L, Muckova L, Pejchal J, Karasova JZ, Mezeiova E, Benkova M, Kobrlova T, Soukup O, Petralla S, Monti B, Korabecny J, Bolognesi ML. Phenothiazine-Tacrine Heterodimers: Pursuing Multitarget Directed Approach in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1698-1715. [PMID: 33852284 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2002, no clinical candidate against Alzheimer's disease has reached the market; hence, an effective therapy is urgently needed. We followed the so-called "multitarget directed ligand" approach and designed 36 novel tacrine-phenothiazine heterodimers which were in vitro evaluated for their anticholinesterase properties. The assessment of the structure-activity relationships of such derivatives highlighted compound 1dC as a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 8 nM and 1aA as a potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 15 nM. Selected hybrids, namely, 1aC, 1bC, 1cC, 1dC, and 2dC, showed a significant inhibitory activity toward τ(306-336) peptide aggregation with percent inhibition ranging from 50.5 to 62.1%. Likewise, 1dC and 2dC exerted a remarkable ability to inhibit self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Notwithstanding, in vitro studies displayed cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells and cerebellar granule neurons; no pathophysiological abnormality was observed when 1dC was administered to mice at 14 mg/kg (i.p.). 1dC was also able to permeate to the CNS as shown by in vitro and in vivo models. The maximum brain concentration was close to the IC50 value for acetylcholinesterase inhibition with a relatively slow elimination half-time. 1dC showed an acceptable safety and good pharmacokinetic properties and a multifunctional biological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Pejchal
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Z. Karasova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6/Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Zhang Q, Fu C, Guo X, Gao J, Zhang P, Ding C. Fluorescent Determination of Butyrylcholinesterase Activity and Its Application in Biological Imaging and Pesticide Residue Detection. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1138-1146. [PMID: 33503372 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an essential human cholinesterase relevant to liver conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, which makes it a pivotal biomarker of health. It therefore remains challenging and highly desired to elaborate efficient chemical tools for BChE with simple operations and satisfactory working performance. In this work, a background-free detection strategy was built by virtue of the judicious coupling of a specific BChE-enzymatic reaction and in situ cyclization. High sensitivity with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.075 μg/mL could be readily achieved from the blank background and the as-produced emissive indicators, and the specific reaction site contributed to the high selectivity over other bio-species even acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In addition to the multifaceted spectral experiments to verify the sensing mechanism, this work assumed comprehensive studies on the application. The bio-investigation ranged from cells to an organism, declaring a noteworthy prospect in disease diagnosis, especially for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common neurodegenerative disease with over-expressed BChE. Moreover, its excellent work for inhibition efficacy elucidation was also proved with the accuracy IC50 of tacrine for BChE (8.6 nM), giving rise to an expanded application for trace pesticide determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
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14
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Xing S, Li Q, Xiong B, Chen Y, Feng F, Liu W, Sun H. Structure and therapeutic uses of butyrylcholinesterase: Application in detoxification, Alzheimer's disease, and fat metabolism. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:858-901. [PMID: 33103262 DOI: 10.1002/med.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural information of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and its variants associated with several diseases are discussed here. Pure human BChE has been proved safe and effective in treating organophosphorus (OPs) poisoning and has completed Phase 1 and 2 pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety studies. The introduction of specific mutations into native BChE to endow it a self-reactivating property has gained much progress in producing effective OPs hydrolases. The hydrolysis ability of native BChE on cocaine has been confirmed but was blocked to clinical application due to poor PK properties. Several BChE mutants with elevated cocaine hydrolysis activity were published, some of which have shown safety and efficiency in treating cocaine addiction of human. The increased level of BChE in progressed Alzheimer's disease patients made it a promising target to elevate acetylcholine level and attenuate cognitive status. A variety of selective BChE inhibitors with high inhibitory activity published in recent years are reviewed here. BChE could influence the weight and insulin secretion and resistance of BChE knockout (KO) mice through hydrolyzing ghrelin. The BChE-ghrelin pathway could also regulate aggressive behaviors of BChE-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baichen Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Characterization of four BCHE mutations associated with prolonged effect of suxamethonium. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 21:165-173. [PMID: 33024248 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-00192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) deficiency is characterized by prolonged apnea after the use of muscle relaxants (suxamethonium or mivacurium) in patients who have mutations in the BCHE gene. Here, we report the characterization of four BCHE mutations associated with prolonged effect of suxamethonium (amino acid numbering based on the matured enzyme): p.20delValPheGlyGlyThrValThr, p.Leu88His, p.Ile140del and p.Arg386Cys. Expression of recombinant BCHE mutants, kinetic analysis and molecular dynamics were undertaken to understand how these mutations induce BChE deficiency. Three of the mutations studied (p.20delValPheGlyGlyThrValThr, p.Ile140del and p.Arg386Cys) lead to a "silent" BChE phenotype. Recombinant BCHE expression studies for these mutants revealed BChE activity levels comparable to untransfected cells. Only the last one (hBChE-L88H) presented BChE activity in the transfected cell culture medium. This BChE mutant (p.Leu88His) is associated with a lower kcat value compare to the wild-type enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations analyses suggest that a destabilization of a structure implicated in enzyme activity (Ω-loop) can explain the modification of the kinetic parameter of the mutated protein.
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16
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Oset-Gasque MJ, Marco-Contelles JL. Tacrine-Natural-Product Hybrids for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4392-4400. [PMID: 29611473 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180403151725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, neurodegenerative pathology showing, among others, high cholinergic and neurotransmitter deficits, oxidative stress, inflammation, Aβ-aggregation resulting in senile plaques formation, and hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein leading to neurofibrillary tangles. Due to its multifactorial and complex nature, multitarget directed small-molecules able to simultaneously inhibit or bind diverse biological targets involved in the progress and development of AD are considered now the best therapeutic strategy to design new compounds for AD therapy. Among them, tacrine is a very well known standard-gold ligand, and natural products have been a traditional source of new agents for diverse therapeutic treatments. In this review, we will update recent developments of multitarget tacrinenatural products hybrids for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Oset-Gasque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Chuang YF, Varma V, An Y, Tanaka T, Davatzikos C, Resnick SM, Thambisetty M. Interaction between Apolipoprotein E and Butyrylcholinesterase Genes on Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 75:417-427. [PMID: 32250307 PMCID: PMC10845166 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An epistatic interaction between the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOEɛ4) gene and the K-variant of butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE-K) genes has been previously reported to increase risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, these observations were largely from case-control studies with small sample sizes. OBJECTIVE To examine the interaction between APOEɛ4 and BCHE-K on: 1) the risk of incident AD and 2) rates of change in brain volumes and cognitive performance during the preclinical stages of AD in a prospective cohort study. METHODS The study sample for survival analysis included 691 Caucasian participants (age at baseline, 58.4±9.9 years; follow-up time,16.9±9.7 years) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The neuroimaging sample included 302 participants with 1,388 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Cognitive performance was assessed in 703 participants over 4,908 visits. RESULTS A total of 122 diagnoses (79 AD, 43 mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) were identified. Participants with both APOEɛ4 and BCHE-K variants had a 3.7-fold greater risk of AD (Hazard ratio [HR] 95% CI=1.99-6.89, p < 0.001) compared to non-carriers of both genes (APOE ɛ4 x BCHE-K interaction p = 0.025). There was no APOE ɛ4-BCHE-K interaction effect on rate of cognitive decline and brain atrophy. CONCLUSION The APOE and BCHE genes interact to influence risk of incident AD/MCI but not rates of brain atrophy and decline in cognitive performance before onset of cognitive impairment. This may suggest the epistatic interaction between APOE ɛ4 and BCHE-K on AD risk is disease stage-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Chuang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vijay Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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18
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Blesa R, Toriyama K, Ueda K, Knox S, Grossberg G. Strategies for Continued Successful Treatment in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview of Switching Between Pharmacological Agents. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:964-974. [PMID: 29895249 PMCID: PMC6142408 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666180613112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by a progressive decline in cognition and function. Current treatment options for AD include the cholines-terase inhibitors (ChEIs) donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, as well as the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. Treatment guidelines recommend the use of ChEIs as the standard of care first-line therapy. Several randomized clinical studies have demonstrated the benefits of ChEIs on cogni-tion, global function, behavior and activities of daily living. However, patients may fail to achieve sus-tained clinical benefits from ChEIs due to lack/loss of efficacy and/or safety, tolerability issues, and poor adherence to the treatment. The purpose of this review is to explore the strategies for continued successful treatment in patients with AD. Methods: Literature search was performed for articles published in PubMed and MEDLINE, using pre-specified search terms. Articles were critically evaluated for inclusion based on their titles, abstracts, and full text of the publication. Results and Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that dose up-titration and switching between ChEIs may help to improve response to ChEI treatment and also address issues such as lack/loss of effica-cy or safety/tolerability in patients with AD. However, well-designed studies are needed to provide robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Blesa
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Sean Knox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - George Grossberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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19
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Jasiecki J, Wasąg B. Butyrylcholinesterase Protein Ends in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease-Could BCHE Genotyping Be Helpful in Alzheimer's Therapy? Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100592. [PMID: 31601022 PMCID: PMC6843418 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is clinically characterized by a progressive decline of memory and other cognitive functions leading to the loss of the ability to perform everyday activities. Only a few drugs have been approved to treat AD dementia over the past century since the first AD patient was diagnosed. Drugs increasing the availability of neurotransmitters at synapses in the brain are used clinically in the treatment of AD dementia, and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the mainstay of the therapy. A detrimental effect on cognitive function has been reported in patients with pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by ChEIs and reduced butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity due to the single nucleotide polymorphisms. The BChE K-variant (rs1803274), the most common genetic variant of the BCHE gene, was thought to reduce enzyme activity reflecting the lower clinical response to rivastigmine in AD patients. During ChEIs therapy, patients carrying reduced-activity BChE do not present such improved attention like patients with the wild-type enzyme. On the other hand, alterations in the BCHE gene causing enzyme activity reduction may delay AD onset in patients at risk by preserving the level of cortical acetylcholine (ACh). Based on our previous results, we conclude that SNPs localized outside of the coding sequence, in 5’UTR (rs1126680) and/or intron 2 (rs55781031) of the BCHE gene, but not solely K-variant alteration (p.A539T) itself, are responsible for reduced enzyme activity. Therefore, we suspect that not BChE-K itself, but these coexisting SNPs (rs1126680 and rs55781031), could be associated with deleterious changes in cognitive decline in patients treated with ChEIs. Based on the results, we suggest that SNPs (rs1126680) and/or (rs55781031) genotyping should be performed to identify subjects at risk for lowered efficacy ChEIs therapy, and such patients should be treated with a lower rivastigmine dosage. Finally, our sequence analysis of the N-terminal end of N-BChE revealed evolutionarily conserved amino acid residues that can be involved in disulfide bond formation and anchoring of N-BChE in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jasiecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-3491972
| | - Bartosz Wasąg
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, University Clinical Centre, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Jasiecki J, Żuk M, Krawczyńska N, Jońca J, Szczoczarz A, Lewandowski K, Waleron K, Wasąg B. Haplotypes of butyrylcholinesterase K-variant and their influence on the enzyme activity. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:154-157. [PMID: 31071335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a serine hydrolase widely distributed throughout the body. It provides protection against administrated or inhaled poisons by hydrolyzing or sequestering the toxic compounds. The most frequent genetic variant of BCHE gene - K variant (p.A539T) is located in the C-terminal tetramerization domain, outside of the catalytic center. Many studies tried to reveal the nature of the lower activity of BChE K-variant but results and conclusions were often contradictory. The aim of this study is to estimate K allele frequency and its coexisting alterations in BCHE gene in a population of 162 individuals, as well as, assess influence on the enzyme activity in serum. We present three haplotypes of BChE-K variant, two of them coexist in strong linkage disequilibrium with alterations in 5'UTR (rs1126680), intron 2 (rs55781031) or in exon 2 (rs1799807). We demonstrate a negative role of these alterations on enzyme activity. By oneself BCHE-K (with no other alterations in BCHE gene) haplotype exhibits wild type enzyme activity. Based on our previous and presented results we conclude that SNPs localized outside the coding sequence, in 5'UTR or/and in intron 2 of BCHE gene, but not solely in K-variant alteration (p.A539T) itself, are responsible for reduced enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jasiecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Monika Żuk
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Krawczyńska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jońca
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Szczoczarz
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wasąg
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Xu Y, Liu H, Jiang Y, Fan W, Hu J, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Xie M, Huang W, Liu X, Zhou Z, Hou S. Genome‐wide association studies reveal genetic loci associated with plasma cholinesterase activity in ducks. Anim Genet 2019; 50:287-292. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling Shanxi 712100 China
| | - H. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Y. Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - W. Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - J. Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - Z. Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - M. Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - W. Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - X. Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling Shanxi 712100 China
| | - Z. Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
| | - S. Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China
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22
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Jasiecki J, Limon-Sztencel A, Żuk M, Chmara M, Cysewski D, Limon J, Wasąg B. Synergy between the alteration in the N-terminal region of butyrylcholinesterase K variant and apolipoprotein E4 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5223. [PMID: 30914707 PMCID: PMC6435664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the life expectancy of the population has increased, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has emerged as one of the greatest health problems of old age. AD is characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive decline. In the AD brain, there is a decrease in levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and an increase in the levels of the related enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), that accumulate in plaques and tangles. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a major cholesterol carrier and plays an important role in maintaining lipid homeostasis. APOE-ε4 constitutes the most important known genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. It has been proposed that the BCHE-K allele (Ala539Thr) acts in synergy with the APOE-ε4 allele to promote risk for AD. However, there is insufficient evidence to support a correlation. Most studies focused only on the coding regions of the genes. In this study, we analyzed sequence regions beyond the BCHE coding sequence. We found synergy between APOE-ε4 and SNPs localized in 5′UTR (rs1126680) and in intron 2 (rs55781031) of the BCHE-K allele (rs1803274) in 18% of patients with late-onset AD (n = 55). The results show that the coexistence of the APOE-ε4 allele and 3 SNPs in the BCHE gene is associated with a highly elevated risk of late-onset AD. SNP (rs1126680) in 5′UTR of the BCHE gene is located 32 nucleotides upstream of the 28 amino acid signal peptide. Mass spectrometry analysis of the BChE protein produced by SNP (rs1126680) showed that the mutation caused an in frame N-terminal extension of 41 amino acids of the BChE signal peptide. The resultant variant with a 69 amino acid signal peptide, designated N-BChE, may play a role in development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jasiecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy with Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Limon-Sztencel
- Consultant Psychiatry, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Żuk
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmara
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Limon
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk Branch, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wasąg
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland.
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23
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Liu SY, Xiong H, Yang JQ, Yang SH, Li Y, Yang WC, Yang GF. Discovery of Butyrylcholinesterase-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorogenic Probe for Live-Cell and In Vivo Imaging. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2118-2128. [PMID: 30203965 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is widely distributed in various tissues and highly implicated in several important human diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of BChE in AD is still controversial, which may be partially attributed to the lack of a direct tool for real-time and noninvasive monitoring of BChE in in vivo. Here, we report three rationally designed near-infrared fluorogenic probes that possess excellent discrimination for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) over the related enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The refined probe, BChE-NIRFP, not only functions as an exquisite substrate for BChE in in vitro assays but also represents a superb "signal-on" imaging tool to real-time track BChE levels in human cells, zebrafish, and a mouse model of AD. A further application of BChE-NIRFP to identify the cellular mechanism reveals that Aβ fibrils and insulin resistance may be important contributors to the abnormally elevated BChE levels observed during AD progression. Based on the results from the present study, this new probe is a valuable tool for basic and clinical research designed to obtain a complete understanding of the physiological roles of BChE in diverse human diseases, particularly AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, and Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 30071, P.R. China
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24
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Arnold C, Schulte C, Moscovich M, Sünkel U, Zaunbrecher L, Metzger F, Gasser T, Eschweiler GW, Hauser AK, Berg D, Maetzler W. Cholinergic Pathway SNPs and Postural Control in 477 Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:260. [PMID: 30233352 PMCID: PMC6131592 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cholinergic system and quantitative parameters of postural control are associated in healthy older adults. This is a cross-sectional analysis from the TREND study. Methods: All participants performed a static postural control task for 30 s on a foam pad in semitandem stance and eyes closed. We analyzed mean power frequency (MPF), area, acceleration, jerk, and velocity from a mobile sensor worn at the lower back using a validated algorithm. Genotypes of four SNPs in genes involved in the cholinergic system (SLC5A7, CHAT, BCHE, CHRNA4) were extracted from the NeuroX chip. All participants present a normal neurological examination and a Minimental state examination score >24. Results: Four hundred and seventy seven participants were included. Mean age was 69 years, 41% were female. One SNP of the cholinergic pathway was significantly associated with a quantitative postural control parameter. The minor allele of rs6542746 in SLC5A7 was associated with lower MPF (4.04 vs. 4.22 Hz; p = 3.91 × 10-4). Moreover, the following associations showed trends toward significance: minor allele of rs6542746 in SLC5A7 with higher anteroposterior acceleration (318 vs. 287 mG; p = 0.005), and minor allele of rs3810950 in CHAT with higher mediolateral acceleration [1.77 vs. 1.65 log(mG); p = 0.03] and velocity [1.83 vs. 1.74 log(mm/s); p = 0.019]. Intraindividual occurrence of rs6542746 and rs3810950 minor alleles was dose-dependently related with lower MPF (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This observational study suggests an influence of SNPs of the cholinergic pathway on postural control in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Arnold
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Sünkel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Zaunbrecher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Metzger
- Geriatric Center at the University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard W Eschweiler
- Geriatric Center at the University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hauser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Hussein W, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Korkut B, Ilgın S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082033. [PMID: 30110946 PMCID: PMC6222329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder mostly influencing the elderly, and causes death due to dementia. The main pathogenic feature connected with the progression of this multifactorial disease is the weakening of the cholinergic system in the brain. Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors are recognized as one of the choices in the treatment of AD. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were approved as a therapeutic strategy to reduce the symptoms of AD and prevent its progression. The capacity of BChE is not completely known yet; rather, it is accepted to assume a part in a few disorders such as AD. Thus, BChE inhibitors may have a greater role for the treatment of AD in the future. In the present study, 2-(9-acridinylamino)-2-oxoethyl piperazine/piperidine/morpholinecarbodithioate derivatives were synthesized in order to investigate anticholinesterase activity. Eight derivatives demonstrated a specific and promising action against BChE. Furthermore, compound 4n showed inhibitory activity against both enzymes. It was found that the active compounds were well tolerated in the cytotoxicity test. Possible interactions between the lead compound, 4n, and the BChE enzyme were determined through a docking study. The findings obtained within this paper will contribute to the development of new and effective synthetic anti-Alzheimer compounds, and will ideally encourage future screening against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiam Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aden University, 6075 Aden, Yemen.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Korkut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Ilgın
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
- Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
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26
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Sabolová D, Kristian P, Kožurková M. Multifunctional properties of novel tacrine congeners: cholinesterase inhibition and cytotoxic activity. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1377-1387. [PMID: 29624715 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the synthesis of a wide range of novel tetrahydroacridine derivatives (tiocyanates, selenocyanates, ureas, selenoureas, thioureas, isothioureas, disulfides, diselenides and several tacrine homo- and hetro-hybrids). These tacrine congeners exhibit significant anticholinesterase and cytotoxic properties and may therefore be of considerable potential for the development of new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Sabolová
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University Košice, Moyzesova, 11, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Kristian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University Košice, Moyzesova, 11, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Kožurková
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University Košice, Moyzesova, 11, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolovska 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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27
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Sokolow S, Li X, Chen L, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Rissman RA, Aisen PS, Apostolova LG. Deleterious Effect of Butyrylcholinesterase K-Variant in Donepezil Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:229-237. [PMID: 27911294 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor frequently prescribed for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) though not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for this indication. In Alzheimer's disease, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity increases with disease progression and may replace acetylcholinesterase function. The most frequent polymorphism of BChE is the K-variant, which is associated with lower acetylcholine-hydrolyzing activity. BChE-K polymorphism has been studied in Alzheimer's disease progression and donepezil therapy, and has led to contradictory results. OBJECTIVES To determine whether BChE-K genotype predicts response to donepezil in MCI. METHODS We examined the association between BChE-K genotype and changes in cognitive function using the data collected during the ADCS vitamin E/donepezil clinical trial in MCI. RESULTS We found significant interactions between BChE-K genotype and the duration of donepezil treatment, with increased changes in MMSE and CDR-SB scores compared to the common allele in MCI subjects treated during the 3-year trial. We found faster MMSE decline and CDR-SB rise in BChE-K homozygous individuals treated with donepezil compared to the untreated. We observed similar interactions between BChE-K genotype and steeper changes in MMSE and CDR-SB scores in APOE4 carriers treated with donepezil compared to controls. CONCLUSION BChE-K polymorphisms are associated with deleterious changes in cognitive decline in MCI patients treated with donepezil for 3 years. This indicates that BChE-K genotyping should be performed to help identify subsets of subjects at risk for donepezil therapy, like those carrying APOE4. BChE-K and APOE4 carriers should not be prescribed off-label donepezil therapy for MCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sokolow
- School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.,Division of Genomic Outcomes, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine at UCSD, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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28
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Gabriel AJ, Almeida MR, Ribeiro MH, Carneiro D, Valério D, Pinheiro AC, Pascoal R, Santana I, Baldeiras I. Influence of Butyrylcholinesterase in Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1097-1105. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- António José Gabriel
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Ribeiro
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carneiro
- Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Cristina Pinheiro
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Pascoal
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Coimbra University Hospital, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Ramsay RR, Tipton KF. Assessment of Enzyme Inhibition: A Review with Examples from the Development of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Drugs. Molecules 2017; 22:E1192. [PMID: 28714881 PMCID: PMC6152246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actions of many drugs involve enzyme inhibition. This is exemplified by the inhibitors of monoamine oxidases (MAO) and the cholinsterases (ChE) that have been used for several pharmacological purposes. This review describes key principles and approaches for the reliable determination of enzyme activities and inhibition as well as some of the methods that are in current use for such studies with these two enzymes. Their applicability and potential pitfalls arising from their inappropriate use are discussed. Since inhibitor potency is frequently assessed in terms of the quantity necessary to give 50% inhibition (the IC50 value), the relationships between this and the mode of inhibition is also considered, in terms of the misleading information that it may provide. Incorporation of more than one functionality into the same molecule to give a multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) requires careful assessment to ensure that the specific target effects are not significantly altered and that the kinetic behavior remains as favourable with the MTDL as it does with the individual components. Such factors will be considered in terms of recently developed MTDLs that combine MAO and ChE inhibitory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8QP, UK.
| | - Keith F Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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30
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Pongthanaracht N, Yanarojana S, Pinthong D, Unchern S, Thithapandha A, Assantachai P, Supavilai P. Association between butyrylcholinesterase K variant and mild cognitive impairment in the Thai community-dwelling patients. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:897-901. [PMID: 28603409 PMCID: PMC5457172 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s137264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of the butyrylcholinesterase K variant (BChE-K) and the plasma BChE activity with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Thai community-dwelling patients. METHODS One hundred patients diagnosed with MCI and 100 control subjects were recruited from the community-dwelling setting in Bangkok, Thailand. The genotype and allele distributions of the BChE-K were determined by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent DNA sequencing. The BChE activity was measured in plasma according to the Ellman's method. RESULTS The BChE-K allele frequencies in the Thai community-dwelling patients were in accordance with other ethnics. The BChE-K allele frequency in the control subjects (12%) was higher than that of MCI patients (5.5%), suggesting a protective role of BChE-K for MCI in the Thai community-dwelling patients. The BChE-K homozygotes were significantly associated with lower BChE activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the BChE-K may be implicated as a protective factor for MCI in the Thai community-dwelling patients, although a further study with a large sample size is warranted to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Prasert Assantachai
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kandiah N, Pai MC, Senanarong V, Looi I, Ampil E, Park KW, Karanam AK, Christopher S. Rivastigmine: the advantages of dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and its role in subcortical vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease dementia. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:697-707. [PMID: 28458525 PMCID: PMC5402908 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s129145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated clinical benefits of sustained cholinesterase inhibition with rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Unlike donepezil and galantamine that selectively inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), rivastigmine is a unique cholinesterase inhibitor with both AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE; EC 3.1.1.8) inhibitory activity. Rivastigmine is also available as transdermal patch that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe AD as well as mild-to-moderate PDD. In this review, we explore the role of BuChE inhibition in addition to AChE inhibition with rivastigmine in the outcomes of cognition, global function, behavioral symptoms, and activities of daily living. Additionally, we review the evidence supporting the use of dual AChE-BuChE inhibitory activity of rivastigmine as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neurological disorders, with a focus on the role of rivastigmine in subcortical dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD) and PDD. Toward this objective, we performed a literature search in PubMed and Ovid with limits to articles published in the English language before June 2016. The available evidence from the literature suggests that the dual inhibition of AChE and BuChE may afford additional therapeutic potential of rivastigmine in subcortical dementias (subcortical VaD and PDD) with benefits on cognition and behavioral symptoms. Rivastigmine was found to specifically benefit executive dysfunction frequently observed in subcortical dementias; however, large randomized clinical studies are warranted to support these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Duke-NUS, Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ming-Chyi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Vorapun Senanarong
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irene Looi
- Clinical Research Centre.,Department of Medicine, Hospital Seberang Jaya, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Encarnita Ampil
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology and Cognitive Disorders and Dementia Center, Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Ismaili L, Refouvelet B, Benchekroun M, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Gemma S, Campiani G, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Esteban G, Unzeta M, Nikolic K, Butini S, Marco-Contelles J. Multitarget compounds bearing tacrine- and donepezil-like structural and functional motifs for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 151:4-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Balmori A, Chioua M, de la Bellacasa RP, Estrada‐Tejedor R, Ismaili L, Marco‐Contelles J, Borrell JI. 5‐Amino‐6,7,8,9‐Tetrahydrobenzo[
b
][1,8]Naphthyridin‐2(1
H
)‐One: The first Example of a new Family of HuperTacrines for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Balmori
- Grup d'Enginyeria MolecularInstitut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta, 390, E- 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) C/ Juan de la Cierva 3 28006- Madrid Spain
| | - Raimon Puig de la Bellacasa
- Grup d'Enginyeria MolecularInstitut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta, 390, E- 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Roger Estrada‐Tejedor
- Grup d'Enginyeria MolecularInstitut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta, 390, E- 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques EA 481Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, UFR SMPUniversité de Franche-ComtéUniversité Bourgogne Franche-Comté 19 rue Ambroise Paré, F- 25000 Besançon France
| | - José Marco‐Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) C/ Juan de la Cierva 3 28006- Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Borrell
- Grup d'Enginyeria MolecularInstitut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta, 390, E- 08017 Barcelona Spain
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Association between butyrylcholinesterase and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2017; 641:101-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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De Beaumont L, Pelleieux S, Lamarre-Théroux L, Dea D, Poirier J. Butyrylcholinesterase K and Apolipoprotein E-ɛ4 Reduce the Age of Onset of Alzheimer’s Disease, Accelerate Cognitive Decline, and Modulate Donepezil Response in Mild Cognitively Impaired Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:913-922. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis De Beaumont
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sandra Pelleieux
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Doris Dea
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
- Center for Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, McGill University, Verdun, Montreal, Canada
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Hadar A, Milanesi E, Squassina A, Niola P, Chillotti C, Pasmanik-Chor M, Yaron O, Martásek P, Rehavi M, Weissglas-Volkov D, Shomron N, Gozes I, Gurwitz D. RGS2 expression predicts amyloid-β sensitivity, MCI and Alzheimer's disease: genome-wide transcriptomic profiling and bioinformatics data mining. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e909. [PMID: 27701409 PMCID: PMC5315547 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. Misfolded protein pathological hallmarks of AD are brain deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated tau neurofibrillary tangles. However, doubts about the role of Aβ in AD pathology have been raised as Aβ is a common component of extracellular brain deposits found, also by in vivo imaging, in non-demented aged individuals. It has been suggested that some individuals are more prone to Aβ neurotoxicity and hence more likely to develop AD when aging brains start accumulating Aβ plaques. Here, we applied genome-wide transcriptomic profiling of lymphoblastoid cells lines (LCLs) from healthy individuals and AD patients for identifying genes that predict sensitivity to Aβ. Real-time PCR validation identified 3.78-fold lower expression of RGS2 (regulator of G-protein signaling 2; P=0.0085) in LCLs from healthy individuals exhibiting high vs low Aβ sensitivity. Furthermore, RGS2 showed 3.3-fold lower expression (P=0.0008) in AD LCLs compared with controls. Notably, RGS2 expression in AD LCLs correlated with the patients' cognitive function. Lower RGS2 expression levels were also discovered in published expression data sets from postmortem AD brain tissues as well as in mild cognitive impairment and AD blood samples compared with controls. In conclusion, Aβ sensitivity phenotyping followed by transcriptomic profiling and published patient data mining identified reduced peripheral and brain expression levels of RGS2, a key regulator of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and neuronal plasticity. RGS2 is suggested as a novel AD biomarker (alongside other genes) toward early AD detection and future disease modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hadar
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Milanesi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - P Niola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Pasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Yaron
- The Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Martásek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Rehavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Weissglas-Volkov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Gozes
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: or
| | - D Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. E-mail: or
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Jasiecki J, Jońca J, Żuk M, Szczoczarz A, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Lewandowski K, Waleron K, Wasąg B. Activity and polymorphisms of butyrylcholinesterase in a Polish population. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:70-77. [PMID: 27109752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity assay and inhibitor phenotyping can help to identify individuals at risk of prolonged paralysis following the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents, like succinylcholine, pesticides and nerve agents. In this study, the activity of BChE and its sensitivity to inhibition by dibucaine and fluoride was evaluated in 1200 Polish healthy individuals. In addition, molecular analysis of all exons, exon-intron boundaries and the 3'UTR sequence of the BCHE gene was performed in a group of 72 subjects with abnormal BChE activity (<2000 U/L and >5745 U/L) or with DN (Dibucaine Number) or FN (Fluoride-Number) values outside the reference range (DN < 78 and FN < lower than wild type). In a studied group, BChE activity range was similar to those observed in other populations. BChE activity screening allowed to detect UA and UF phenotypes in 26 (2.2%) and 15 (1.2%) individuals, respectively. Observed UA or UF phenotypes were confirmed by direct sequencing and heterozygous c.293A > G or c.1253G > T substitutions were identified in all cases. Nine out of 18 (50%) individuals with BChE activity below 2000 U/L had a mutation in 5'UTR (32G/A), intron 2 (c.1518-121T/C) or exon 4 (c.1699G/A; the K variant mutation). Majority of the individuals with BChE activity ≥6000 U/L were wild type. To summarize, the range of BChE activity in a Polish population is similar to those observed in other countries. We conclude that the BChE phenotyping assay is a reliable method for identification of individuals with the UA and UF genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Żuk
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Darvesh S, Reid GA. Reduced fibrillar β-amyloid in subcortical structures in a butyrylcholinesterase-knockout Alzheimer disease mouse model. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:307-312. [PMID: 27091549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The serine hydrolase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is known to have a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. In the brain, BChE is expressed mainly in glia, white matter and in distinct populations of neurons in areas important in cognition. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), many β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques become associated with BChE activity, the significance of which is unclear. A mouse model of AD containing five familial AD genes (5XFAD) also exhibits Aβ plaques associated with BChE. We developed a comparable strain (5XFAD/BChE-KO) that is unable to synthesize BChE and reported diminished fibrillar Aβ deposits in the cerebral cortex of 5XFAD/BChE-KO mice, compared to 5XFAD counterparts at the same age. This effect was most significant in male mice. The present study extends comparison of the two strains with a detailed examination of fibrillar Aβ plaque burden in other regions of the brain that typically accumulate pathology and exhibit neurodegeneration. This work demonstrates that, as in the cerebral cortex, the absence of BChE leads to diminished fibrillar Aβ deposition in amygdala, hippocampal formation, thalamus and basal ganglia. This reduction is statistically significant in males, with a trend towards such reduction in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Darvesh
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - G A Reid
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Gómez-Martín A, Hernández AF, Martínez-González LJ, González-Alzaga B, Rodríguez-Barranco M, López-Flores I, Aguilar-Garduno C, Lacasana M. Polymorphisms of pesticide-metabolizing genes in children living in intensive farming communities. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:534-540. [PMID: 26318115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XME) are important parameters accounting for the wide inter-individual variability to environmental exposures. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and Cytochrome-P450 constitute major classes of XME involved in the detoxification of pesticide chemicals, in particular organophosphates. This study explored the allelic frequency, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis of ten common polymorphic variants of seven key genes involved in organophosphate metabolism (BCHE-K, BCHE-A, PON1 Q192R, PON1 L55M, PON1 -108C/T, CYP2C19 G681A, CYP2D6 G1846A, CYP3AP1 -44G/A, GSTM1∗0 and GSTT1∗0) in a children population living near an intensive agriculture area in Spain. It was hypothesized that individuals with unfavorable combinations of gene variants will be more susceptible to adverse effects from organophosphate exposure. Genomic DNA from 496 healthy children was isolated and amplified by PCR. Hydrolysis probes were used for the detection of eight specific SNPs and two copy number variants (CNVs) by using TaqMan® Assay-based real-time PCR. Frequencies of SNPs and CNVs in the target genes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and broadly consistent with European populations. Linkage disequilibrium was found between the three PON1 genetic polymorphisms studied and between BCHE-K and BCHE-A. The adverse genotype combination (unusual BCHE variants, PON1 55MM/-108TT and null genotype for both GSTM1 and GSTT1) potentially conferring a greater genetic risk from exposure to organophosphates was observed in 0.2% of our study population. This information allows broadening our knowledge about differential susceptibility toward environmental toxicants and may be helpful for further research to understand the inter-individual toxicokinetic variability in response to organophosphate pesticides exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez-Martín
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Center GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
| | - Luis Javier Martínez-González
- Center GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center for Genomics and Oncological Research), Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz González-Alzaga
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Marina Lacasana
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals/University of Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Wang Z, Jiang Y, Wang X, Du Y, Xiao D, Deng Y, Wang J. Butyrylcholinesterase K variant and Alzheimer's disease risk: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1408-13. [PMID: 25978873 PMCID: PMC4444173 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although many studies have estimated the association between the butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) K variant and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, the results are still controversial. We thus conducted this meta-analysis. Material/Methods We searched NCBI, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases to find all eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Results We found a significant association between BCHE K variant and AD risk (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.03–1.39; P=0.02). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, we observed a significant association between BCHE K variant and AD risk in Asians (OR=1.32; 95% CI 1.02–1.72; P=0.04). However, no significant association between BCHE K variant and AD risk in Caucasians was found (OR=1.14; 95% CI 0.95–1.37; P=0.16). When stratified by the age of AD onset, we found that late-onset AD (LOAD) was significantly associated with BCHE K variant (OR=1.44; 95% CI 1.05–1.97; P=0.02). No significant association between BCHE K variant and early-onset AD (EOAD) risk was observed (OR=1.16; 95% CI 0.89–1.51; P=0.27). Compared with non-APOE ɛ4 and non-BCHE K carriers, no significant association between BCHE K variant and AD risk was found (OR=1.11; 95% CI 0.91–1.35; P=0.30). However, APOE ɛ4 carriers showed increased AD risk in both non-BCHE K carriers (OR=2.81; 95% CI 1.75–4.51; P=0.0001) and BCHE K carriers (OR=3.31; 95% CI 1.82–6.02; P=0.0001). Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis indicate that BCHE K variant might be associated with AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuren Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yangsen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Dandan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Youchao Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jinlian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Bono GF, Simão-Silva DP, Batistela MS, Josviak ND, Dias PFR, Nascimento GA, Souza RLR, Piovezan MR, Souza RKM, Furtado-Alle L. Butyrylcholinesterase: K variant, plasma activity, molecular forms and rivastigmine treatment in Alzheimer's disease in a Southern Brazilian population. Neurochem Int 2015; 81:57-62. [PMID: 25624079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which there is a decline of cholinergic function. The symptomatic AD treatment involves the use of ChEIs (cholinesterase inhibitors) as rivastigimine, a dual inhibitor. The human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme that has specific roles in cholinergic neurotransmission and it has been associated with AD. In the serum, BChE is found in four main molecular forms: G1 (monomer); G1-ALB (monomer linked to albumin); G2 (dimer); and G4 (tetramer). The interaction between the products of BCHE gene and CHE2 locus results in CHE2 C5+ and CHE2 C5- phenotypes. CHE2 C5+ phenotype and BChE-K are factors that influence on BChE activity. This work aimed to verify the proportions of BChE molecular forms, total and relative activity in 139 AD patients and 139 elderly controls, taking into account K variant, CHE2 locus, rivastigmine treatment and clinical dementia rating (CDR) of AD patients. Phenotypic frequencies of CHE2 C5+ and frequency of the carriers of the K allele were similar between groups. Total BChE activity in plasma was significantly lower in AD patients than in elderly controls. Furthermore, we found that reduction on plasma BChE activity is associated directly with AD progression in AD patients and that rivastigmine treatment has a stronger effect on BChE activity within the CDR2 group. The reduction in BChE activity did not occur proportionally in all molecular forms. Multiple regression analysis results confirmed that AD acts as the main factor in plasma BChE activity reduction and that severe stages are related with an even greater reduction. These findings suggest that the reduction of total plasma BChE and relative BChE molecular forms activity in AD patients is probably associated with a feedback mechanism and provides a future perspective of using this enzyme as a possible plasmatic secondary marker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Bono
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - D P Simão-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M S Batistela
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N D Josviak
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - P F R Dias
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G A Nascimento
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R L R Souza
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M R Piovezan
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R K M Souza
- Curitiba Neurology Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - L Furtado-Alle
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Guzior N, Wieckowska A, Panek D, Malawska B. Recent development of multifunctional agents as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Chem 2015; 22:373-404. [PMID: 25386820 PMCID: PMC4435057 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666141106122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The available therapy is limited to the symptomatic treatment and its efficacy remains unsatisfactory. In view of the prevalence and expected increase in the incidence of AD, the development of an effective therapy is crucial for public health. Due to the multifactorial aetiology of this disease, the multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) approach is a promising method in search for new drugs for AD. This review updates information on the development of multifunctional potential anti-AD agents published within the last three years. The majority of the recently reported structures are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, often endowed with some additional properties. These properties enrich the pharmacological profile of the compounds giving hope for not only symptomatic but also causal treatment of the disease. Among these advantageous properties, the most often reported are an amyloid-β antiaggregation activity, inhibition of β-secretase and monoamine oxidase, an antioxidant and metal chelating activity, NOreleasing ability and interaction with cannabinoid, NMDA or histamine H3 receptors. The majority of novel molecules possess heterodimeric structures, able to interact with multiple targets by combining different pharmacophores, original or derived from natural products or existing therapeutics (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, memantine). Among the described compounds, several seem to be promising drug candidates, while others may serve as a valuable inspiration in the search for new effective therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Malawska
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Krakow, Medyczna 9, Poland.
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Han HJ, Kwon JC, Kim JE, Kim SG, Park JM, Park KW, Park KC, Park KH, Moon SY, Seo SW, Choi SH, Cho SJ. Effect of rivastigmine or memantine add-on therapy is affected by butyrylcholinesterase genotype in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol 2014; 73:23-8. [PMID: 25376930 DOI: 10.1159/000366198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The K variant of butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE-K) exhibits a reduced acetylcholine-hydrolyzing capacity; so the clinical response to rivastigmine may differ in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with the BCHE-K gene. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical response to rivastigmine transdermal patch monotherapy or memantine plus rivastigmine transdermal patch therapy in AD patients based on the BCHE-K gene. METHODS A total of 146 probable AD patients consented to genetic testing for butyrylcholinesterase and underwent the final efficacy evaluations. Responders were defined as patients with an equal or better score on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) at 16 weeks compared to their baseline score. RESULTS BCHE-K carriers showed a lower responder rate on the ADAS-cog than non-carriers (38.2 vs. 61.7%, p = 0.02), and this trend was evident in AD patients with apolipoprotein E ε 4 (35 vs. 60.7%, p = 0.001). The presence of the BCHE-K allele predicted a worse response on the ADAS-cog (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.87), after adjusting for demographic and baseline cognitive and functional variables. CONCLUSION The BCHE-K genotype may be related to a poor cognitive response to rivastigmine patch or memantine add-on therapy, especially in the presence of apolipoprotein E ε 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Han
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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The assessment of cholinesterase from the liver of Puntius javanicus as detection of metal ions. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:571094. [PMID: 25401148 PMCID: PMC4225846 DOI: 10.1155/2014/571094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude extract of ChE from the liver of Puntius javanicus was purified using procainamide-sepharyl 6B. S-Butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTC) was selected as the specific synthetic substrate for this assay with the highest maximal velocity and lowest biomolecular constant at 53.49 µmole/min/mg and 0.23 mM, respectively, with catalytic efficiency ratio of 0.23. The optimum parameter was obtained at pH 7.5 and optimal temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C. The effect of different storage condition was assessed where ChE activity was significantly decreased after 9 days of storage at room temperature. However, ChE activity showed no significant difference when stored at 4.0, 0, and −25°C for 15 days. Screening of heavy metals shows that chromium, copper, and mercury strongly inhibited P. javanicus ChE by lowering the activity below 50%, while several pairwise combination of metal ions exhibited synergistic inhibiting effects on the enzyme which is greater than single exposure especially chromium, copper, and mercury. The results showed that P. javanicus ChE has the potential to be used as a biosensor for the detection of metal ions.
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Zimmermann M. Neuronal AChE splice variants and their non-hydrolytic functions: redefining a target of AChE inhibitors? Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:953-67. [PMID: 23991627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AChE enzymatic inhibition is a core focus of pharmacological intervention in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, AChE has also been ascribed non-hydrolytic functions, which seem related to its appearance in various isoforms. Neuronal AChE presents as a tailed form (AChE-T) predominantly found on the neuronal synapse, and a facultatively expressed readthough form (AChE-R), which exerts short to medium-term protective effects. Notably, this latter form is also found in the periphery. While these non-hydrolytic functions of AChE are most controversially discussed, there is evidence for them being additional targets of AChE inhibitors. This review aims to provide clarification as to the role of these AChE splice variants and their interplay with other cholinergic parameters and their being targets of AChE inhibition: AChE-R is particularly involved in the mediation of (anti-)apoptotic events in cholinergic cells, involving adaptation of various cholinergic parameters and a time-dependent link to the expression of neuroprotective factors. The AChE-T C-terminus is central to AChE activity regulation, while isolated AChE-T C-terminal fragments mediate toxic effects via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. There is direct evidence for roles of AChE-T and AChE-R in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection, with these roles involving AChE as a key modulator of the cholinergic system: in vivo data further encourages the use of AChE inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as AD since effects on both enzymatic activity and the enzyme's non-hydrolytic functions can be postulated. It also suggests that novel AChE inhibitors should enhance protective AChE-R, while avoiding the concomitant up-regulation of AChE-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zimmermann
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Hanin G, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Yayon N, Yau YH, Hoe YY, Bennett ER, Sklan EH, Rao DC, Rankinen T, Bouchard C, Geifman-Shochat S, Shifman S, Greenberg DS, Soreq H. Competing targets of microRNA-608 affect anxiety and hypertension. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4569-80. [PMID: 24722204 PMCID: PMC4119407 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can repress multiple targets, but how a single de-balanced interaction affects others remained unclear. We found that changing a single miRNA-target interaction can simultaneously affect multiple other miRNA-target interactions and modify physiological phenotype. We show that miR-608 targets acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and demonstrate weakened miR-608 interaction with the rs17228616 AChE allele having a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). In cultured cells, this weakened interaction potentiated miR-608-mediated suppression of other targets, including CDC42 and interleukin-6 (IL6). Postmortem human cortices homozygote for the minor rs17228616 allele showed AChE elevation and CDC42/IL6 decreases compared with major allele homozygotes. Additionally, minor allele heterozygote and homozygote subjects showed reduced cortisol and elevated blood pressure, predicting risk of anxiety and hypertension. Parallel suppression of the conserved brain CDC42 activity by intracerebroventricular ML141 injection caused acute anxiety in mice. We demonstrate that SNPs in miRNA-binding regions could cause expanded downstream effects changing important biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geula Hanin
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nadav Yayon
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - Yau Yin Hoe
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Avenue, 637551, Singapore
| | - Estelle R Bennett
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ella H Sklan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Susana Geifman-Shochat
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Avenue, 637551, Singapore
| | | | - David S Greenberg
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Karlsson D, Fallarero A, Shinde P, Anju CP, Busygin I, Leino R, Mohan CG, Vuorela P. Chemical Modifications of Cinchona Alkaloids Lead to Enhanced Inhibition of Human Butyrylcholinesterase. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors were identified from a collection containing cinchonine, cinchonidine and synthetic derivatives, and further characterized using cytotoxicity and molecular docking studies. The most active ones were: (10≡)-10,11-dibromo-10,11-dihydrocinchonidine (11), a competitive inhibitor with Ki, = 3.45±0.39 μM, and IC50 BChE = 9.83±0.30 μM/human (h)BChE = 34.47±4.63 and O-(trimethylsilyl)cinchonine (15), a mixed inhibitor with Kiuc = 1.73±0.46 μM and Kic = 0.85±0.26 μM, and IC50 BChE = 0.56±0.14 μM / hBChE = 0.24±0.04. In cytotoxicity experiments, ≥80% of the cells remained viable when exposed to concentrations of up to 80 μM of both inhibitors in four different cell lines, including neurons. Due to the bulkier trimethylsilyl side group of 15, it covered the active site of hBChE better than 11 with an OH-group while not being able to fit into the active site gorge of hAChE, thus explaining the selectivity of 15 towards hBChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Karlsson
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Adyary Fallarero
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pravin Shinde
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine (ACNSMM), Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi- 682 041, Kerala State, India
| | - CP Anju
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine (ACNSMM), Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi- 682 041, Kerala State, India
| | - Igor Busygin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - C. Gopi Mohan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine (ACNSMM), Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi- 682 041, Kerala State, India
| | - Pia Vuorela
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Lodarski K, Jończyk J, Guzior N, Bajda M, Gładysz J, Walczyk J, Jeleń M, Morak-Młodawska B, Pluta K, Malawska B. Discovery of butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors among derivatives of azaphenothiazines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:98-106. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.889127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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1914G variant of BCHE gene associated with enzyme activity, obesity and triglyceride levels. Gene 2013; 532:24-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Berliner S, Bornstein NM, Soreq H. Cholinesterases as biomarkers for parasympathetic dysfunction and inflammation-related disease. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 53:298-305. [PMID: 24254221 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests parasympathetic dysfunction and elevated inflammation as underlying processes in multiple peripheral and neurological diseases. Acetylcholine, the main parasympathetic neurotransmitter and inflammation regulator, is hydrolyzed by the two closely homologous enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BChE, respectively), which are also expressed in the serum. Here, we consider the potential value of both enzymes as possible biomarkers in diseases associated with parasympathetic malfunctioning. We cover the modulations of cholinesterase activities in inflammation-related events as well as by cholinesterase-targeted microRNAs. We further discuss epigenetic control over cholinesterase gene expression and the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the corresponding physiological and pathological processes. In particular, we focus on measurements of circulation cholinesterases as a readily quantifiable readout for changes in the sympathetic/parasympathetic balance and the implications of changes in this readout in health and disease. Taken together, this cumulative know-how calls for expanding the use of cholinesterase activity measurements for both basic research and as a clinical assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Science and Department of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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