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Peng KY, Liemisa B, Pasato J, D'Acunzo P, Pawlik M, Heguy A, Penikalapati SC, Labuza A, Pidikiti H, Alldred MJ, Ginsberg SD, Levy E, Mathews PM. Apolipoprotein E2 Expression Alters Endosomal Pathways in a Mouse Model With Increased Brain Exosome Levels During Aging. Traffic 2024; 25:e12937. [PMID: 38777335 PMCID: PMC11141728 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The polymorphic APOE gene is the greatest genetic determinant of sporadic Alzheimer's disease risk: the APOE4 allele increases risk, while the APOE2 allele is neuroprotective compared with the risk-neutral APOE3 allele. The neuronal endosomal system is inherently vulnerable during aging, and APOE4 exacerbates this vulnerability by driving an enlargement of early endosomes and reducing exosome release in the brain of humans and mice. We hypothesized that the protective effects of APOE2 are, in part, mediated through the endosomal pathway. Messenger RNA analyses showed that APOE2 leads to an enrichment of endosomal pathways in the brain when compared with both APOE3 and APOE4. Moreover, we show age-dependent alterations in the recruitment of key endosomal regulatory proteins to vesicle compartments when comparing APOE2 to APOE3. In contrast to the early endosome enlargement previously shown in Alzheimer's disease and APOE4 models, we detected similar morphology and abundance of early endosomes and retromer-associated vesicles within cortical neurons of aged APOE2 targeted-replacement mice compared with APOE3. Additionally, we observed increased brain extracellular levels of endosome-derived exosomes in APOE2 compared with APOE3 mice during aging, consistent with enhanced endosomal cargo clearance by exosomes to the extracellular space. Our findings thus demonstrate that APOE2 enhances an endosomal clearance pathway, which has been shown to be impaired by APOE4 and which may be protective due to APOE2 expression during brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Braison Liemisa
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Pasato
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Pasquale D'Acunzo
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Monika Pawlik
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sai C Penikalapati
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Labuza
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Harshitha Pidikiti
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Efrat Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul M Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Feole M, Pozo Devoto VM, Dragišić N, Arnaiz C, Bianchelli J, Texlová K, Kovačovicova K, Novotny JS, Havas D, Falzone TL, Stokin GB. Swedish Alzheimer's disease variant perturbs activity of retrograde molecular motors and causes widespread derangement of axonal transport pathways. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107137. [PMID: 38447793 PMCID: PMC10997842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies in flies, mice, and humans suggest a significant role of impaired axonal transport in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanisms underlying these impairments in axonal transport, however, remain poorly understood. Here we report that the Swedish familial AD mutation causes a standstill of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the axons at the expense of its reduced anterograde transport. The standstill reflects the perturbed directionality of the axonal transport of APP, which spends significantly more time traveling in the retrograde direction. This ineffective movement is accompanied by an enhanced association of dynactin-1 with APP, which suggests that reduced anterograde transport of APP is the result of enhanced activation of the retrograde molecular motor dynein by dynactin-1. The impact of the Swedish mutation on axonal transport is not limited to the APP vesicles since it also reverses the directionality of a subset of early endosomes, which become enlarged and aberrantly accumulate in distal locations. In addition, it also reduces the trafficking of lysosomes due to their less effective retrograde movement. Altogether, our experiments suggest a pivotal involvement of retrograde molecular motors and transport in the mechanisms underlying impaired axonal transport in AD and reveal significantly more widespread derangement of axonal transport pathways in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Feole
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victorio M Pozo Devoto
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Neda Dragišić
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cayetana Arnaiz
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Bianchelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kateřina Texlová
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; PsychoGenics, Paramus, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Jan S Novotny
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomas L Falzone
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gorazd B Stokin
- Translational Ageing and Neuroscience Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Christoforidou E, Simoes FA, Gordon D, Talbot K, Hafezparast M. Aberrant dynein function promotes TDP-43 aggregation and upregulation of p62 in male mice harboring transgenic human TDP-43. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37498094 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2239276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most TDP-43 mouse models of ALS do not display cytoplasmic mislocalisation or protein aggregation of TDP-43 in spinal motor neurons in vivo. Thus, we investigated whether a combination of defective dynein with a TDP-43 mutation could trigger TDP-43 pathology. METHODS Using immunohistochemical methods we examined the intracellular motor neuron pathology of the offspring of TDP-43WT and TDP-43M337V transgenic mice bred to heterozygous Loa mice, which carry an autosomal dominant mutation in dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 (Dync1h1). RESULTS These mice did not exhibit TDP-43 mislocalisation in spinal motor neurons, but the expression of mutant dynein in combination with wildtype human TDP-43 resulted in p62 upregulation and TDP-43 aggregation, thus partially recapitulating the human disease. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the possible relationship between dynein and TDP-43 and could prove useful in future studies looking to elucidate the mechanism behind the TDP-43 pathology observed in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Christoforidou
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK and
| | - Fabio A Simoes
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK and
| | - David Gordon
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Majid Hafezparast
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK and
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T. Beware of Misdelivery: Multifaceted Role of Retromer Transport in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:897688. [PMID: 35601613 PMCID: PMC9120357 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.897688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a highly integrated multimeric protein complex that mediates retrograde cargo sorting from endosomal compartments. In concert with its accessory proteins, the retromer drives packaged cargoes to tubular and vesicular structures, thereby transferring them to the trans-Golgi network or to the plasma membrane. In addition to the endosomal trafficking, the retromer machinery participates in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic processes and thus contributes to cellular homeostasis. The retromer components and their associated molecules are expressed in different types of cells including neurons and glial cells, and accumulating evidence from genetic and biochemical studies suggests that retromer dysfunction is profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, targeting retromer components could alleviate the neurodegenerative process, suggesting that the retromer complex may serve as a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we will provide the latest insight into the regulatory mechanisms of retromer and discuss how its dysfunction influences the pathological process leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takafumi Hasegawa,
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Polyphosphate expression by cancer cell extracellular vesicles mediates binding of factor XII and contact activation. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4741-4751. [PMID: 34597365 PMCID: PMC8759128 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleaved HK is observed in many patients with cancer, suggesting activation of the contact system. EVs from cancer cell lines or patients with cancer express polyphosphate, bind and activate FXII, and are prothrombotic.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) have been implicated in diverse biological processes, including intracellular communication, transport of nucleic acids, and regulation of vascular function. Levels of EVs are elevated in cancer, and studies suggest that EV may stimulate thrombosis in patients with cancer through expression of tissue factor. However, limited data also implicate EV in the activation of the contact pathway of coagulation through activation of factor XII (FXII) to FXIIa. To better define the ability of EV to initiate contact activation, we compared the ability of EV derived from different cancer cell lines to activate FXII. EV from all cell lines activated FXII, with those derived from pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines demonstrating the most potent activity. Concordant with the activation of FXII, EV induced the cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) to cleaved kininogen. We also observed that EVs from patients with cancer stimulated FXII activation and HK cleavage. To define the mechanisms of FXII activation by EV, EV were treated with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase or Escherichia coli exopolyphosphatase to degrade polyphosphate; this treatment blocked binding of FXII to EVs and the ability of EV to mediate FXII activation. In vivo, EV induced pulmonary thrombosis in wild-type mice, with protection conferred by a deficiency in FXII, HK, or prekallikrein. Moreover, pretreatment of EVs with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase inhibited their prothrombotic effect. These results indicate that polyphosphate mediates the binding of contact factors to EV and that EV-associated polyphosphate may contribute to the prothrombotic effects of EV in cancer.
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Wang Y, Sun Z, Du S, Wei H, Li X, Li X, Shen J, Chen X, Cai Z. The increase of α-synuclein and alterations of dynein in A53T transgenic and aging mouse. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 96:154-162. [PMID: 34810061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynein protein plays a key role in the degradation pathway by attaching to targeted molecules and transporting the autophagosome to the centrosome. Aging plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on dynein is not clear. In this study we analyzed behavioral characteristics using the rod endurance test and climbing rod time test in different aged mice (3 months, 12 months, 20 months), and measured protein expression of dynein, α-synuclein, Tctex-1, and LC3 in the substantianigra of the mice by Western blot. The mRNA levels of dynein, α-synuclein, LC3 and Tctex-1 were measured by quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR, and detecting expression of dynein and α-synuclein by immunofluorescence. We found the motor functions of A53T mutant mice, in 12 months and 20 months, decreased more significantly compared with normal mice (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression of dynein, LC3-Ⅱ and Tctex-1 proteins in the substantia nigra of the two groups decreased with age. However, α-synuclein protein increased gradually with age, with significantly higher levels in the PD groups compared with age matched controls (p < 0.05). These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence. Our data demonstrates that dynein and other autophagy proteins change with age, and this is associated with increased α-synuclein. Therefore, therapeutics that prevent dynein dysfunction may offer novel treatments for PD and other autophagy related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shouyun Du
- Department of Neurology, Guanyun People's Hospital, Guanyun, China
| | - Hongyu Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinya Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zenglin Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China.
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Chen QY, Wen T, Wu P, Jia R, Zhang R, Dang J. Exosomal Proteins and miRNAs as Mediators of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718803. [PMID: 34568332 PMCID: PMC8461026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the neurobiology and neurogenerative diseases have attracted growing interest in exosomes and their ability to carry and propagate active biomolecules as a means to reprogram recipient cells. Alterations in exosomal protein content and nucleic acid profiles found in human biological fluids have been correlated with various diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In ALS pathogenesis, these lipid-bound nanoscale vesicles have emerged as valuable candidates for diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, their capacity to spread misfolded proteins and functional non-coding RNAs to interconnected neuronal cells make them putative mediators for the progressive motor degeneration found remarkably apparent in ALS. This review outlines current knowledge concerning the biogenesis, heterogeneity, and function of exosomes in the brain as well as a comprehensive probe of currently available literature on ALS-related exosomal proteins and microRNAs. Lastly, with the rapid development of employing nanoparticles for drug delivery, we explore the therapeutic potentials of exosomes as well as underlying limitations in current isolation and detection methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxia Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Koinuma S, Shimozawa N, Yasutomi Y, Kimura N. Aging induces abnormal accumulation of Aβ in extracellular vesicle and/or intraluminal membrane vesicle-rich fractions in nonhuman primate brain. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:268-281. [PMID: 34329965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aβ metabolism in the brain is mediated by endocytosis, one part of the intracellular membrane trafficking system. We previously showed that aging attenuates the interaction of dynein with dynactin, which disrupts the endosomal/lysosomal trafficking pathway involved in Aβ metabolism, resulting in intracellular accumulation of Aβ. Several studies have shown that in Alzheimer's disease (AD), intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ precedes extracellular Aβ depositions. However, it is unclear what accounts for this transition from intracellular to extracellular depositions. Accumulating evidence suggest that autophagy has an important role in AD pathology, and we observed that autophagy-related protein levels began to decrease before amyloid plaque formation in cynomolgus monkey brains. Surprisingly, experimental induction of autophagosome formation in Neuro2a cells significantly increased intracellular Aβ and decreased extracellular release of Aβ, accompanied by the prominent reduction of extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. RNAi study confirmed that EV secretion affected intracellular and extracellular Aβ levels, and siRNA-induced downregulation of autophagosome formation enhanced EV secretion to ameliorate intracellular Aβ accumulation induced by dynein knockdown. In aged cynomolgus monkeys, Aβ levels in EV/intraluminal membrane vesicle (ILV)-rich fractions isolated from temporal lobe parenchyma were drastically increased. Moreover, EV/ILV marker proteins overlapped spatially with amyloid plaques. These findings suggest that EV would be an important carrier of Aβ in brain and abnormal accumulation of Aβ in EVs/ILVs may be involved in the transition of age-dependent Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Koinuma
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Division of Biosignaling, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Research and Development Management Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Cheon SY, Lee JE. Extracellular Vesicles and Immune System in Ageing and Immune Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:32-47. [PMID: 33632983 PMCID: PMC7926047 DOI: 10.5607/en20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system is essential for host homeostasis. Immune cells communicate with each other by binding to receptors or by releasing vesicles including chemokines and cytokines. Under healthy circumstances, immune cell-derived factors are critical for cellular growth, division and function, whereas under conditions such as ageing and inflammatory states, they can aggravate pathologies and cause disease. Cell-derived membranous extracellular vesicles mediate cell-to-cell communication and are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes involving ageing and age-related diseases. Extracellular vesicles are responsible for spreading detrimental factors to the surroundings and the propagation phase of inflammatory diseases. The regulation of extracellular vesicles is a putative target for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, their features are ideal for developing biomarkers and drug delivery systems modulated by bioengineering in inflammatory diseases. The present review summarizes the current understanding of extracellular vesicles in ageing and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Cheon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Kwon OH, Cho YY, Kim TW, Chung S. O-GlcNAcylation of Amyloid-β Protein Precursor by Insulin Signaling Reduces Amyloid-β Production. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:1195-1211. [PMID: 31156159 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused by the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Aβ is derived from amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). In the non-amyloidogenic pathway, AβPP is cleaved by α-secretase and γ-secretase at the plasma membrane, excluding Aβ production. Alternatively, AβPP in the plasma membrane is internalized via endocytosis, and delivered to early endosomes and lysosomes, where it is cleaved by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Recent studies have shown that insulin in the periphery crosses the blood-brain barrier, and plays important roles in the brain. Furthermore, impaired insulin signaling has been linked to the progression of AD, and intranasal insulin administration improves memory impairments and cognition. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin treatment remain largely unknown. To investigate the effects of insulin on AβPP processing, we tested the effects of insulin on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing AβPP, and cultured rat cortical neurons. We found that insulin increased the level of cell surface AβPP, decreasing the endocytosis rate of AβPP. Insulin reduced Aβ generation through upregulation of AβPP O-GlcNAcylation via Akt insulin signaling. Our present data suggest that insulin affects Aβ production by regulating AβPP processing through AβPP O-GlcNAcylation. These results provide mechanistic insight into the beneficial effects of insulin, and a possible link between insulin deficient diabetes and cerebral amyloidosis in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Hoon Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Young Cho
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sungkwon Chung
- Department of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Type II Diabetes Mellitus Accelerates Age-Dependent Aβ Pathology in Cynomolgus Monkey Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1128:133-145. [PMID: 31062328 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3540-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the strongest risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear how DM accelerates AD pathology in the brain. Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is one of the nonhuman primates used for biomedical research, and we can observe spontaneous formation of AD pathology, such as senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), with the advance of aging. Furthermore, obesity is occasionally observed and frequently leads to development of type II DM (T2DM) in laboratory-housed cynomolgus monkeys. These findings suggest that cynomolgus monkey is a useful species to study the relationship between T2DM and AD pathology. In T2DM-affected monkey brains, SPs were observed in frontal and temporal lobe cortices almost 5 years earlier than healthy control monkeys. Moreover, age-related endocytic pathology, such as intraneuronal accumulation of enlarged endosomes, was exacerbated in T2DM-affected monkey brains. Since accumulating evidences suggest that endocytic dysfunction is involved in Aβ pathology, T2DM may aggravate age-related endocytic dysfunction, leading to the acceleration of Aβ pathology.
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Takeuchi S, Ueda N, Suzuki K, Shimozawa N, Yasutomi Y, Kimura N. Elevated Membrane Cholesterol Disrupts Lysosomal Degradation to Induce β-Amyloid Accumulation: The Potential Mechanism Underlying Augmentation of β-Amyloid Pathology by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:391-404. [PMID: 30448407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The endocytic membrane trafficking system is altered in the brains of early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) patients, and endocytic disturbance affects the metabolism of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein, a key molecule in AD pathogenesis. It is widely accepted that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the strongest risk factors for development of AD. Supporting this link, experimentally induced T2DM enhances AD pathology in various animal models. Spontaneous T2DM also enhances Aβ pathology with severe endocytic pathology, even in nonhuman primate brains. However, it remains unclear how T2DM accelerates Aβ pathology. Herein, we demonstrate that cholesterol metabolism-related protein levels are increased and that membrane cholesterol level is elevated in spontaneous T2DM-affected cynomolgus monkey brains. Moreover, in vitro studies that manipulate cellular cholesterol reveal that elevated membrane cholesterol disrupts lysosomal degradation and enhances chemical-induced endocytic disturbance, resulting in great accumulation of Aβ in Neuro2a cells. These findings suggest that an alteration of cerebral cholesterol metabolism may be responsible for augmentation of Aβ pathology in T2DM-affected brains, which, in turn, may increase the risk for developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takeuchi
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Naoya Ueda
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Keiko Suzuki
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
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Kimura N, Yanagisawa K. Traffic jam hypothesis: Relationship between endocytic dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Takasugi N, Araya R, Kamikubo Y, Kaneshiro N, Imaoka R, Jin H, Kashiyama T, Hashimoto Y, Kurosawa M, Uehara T, Nukina N, Sakurai T. TMEM30A is a candidate interacting partner for the β-carboxyl-terminal fragment of amyloid-β precursor protein in endosomes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200988. [PMID: 30086173 PMCID: PMC6080755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) clearly plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), endosomal traffic dysfunction is considered to precede Aβ aggregation and trigger AD pathogenesis. A body of evidence suggests that the β-carboxyl-terminal fragment (βCTF) of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), which is the direct precursor of Aβ, accumulates in endosomes and causes vesicular traffic impairment. However, the mechanism underlying this impairment remains unclear. Here we identified TMEM30A as a candidate partner for βCTF. TMEM30A is a subcomponent of lipid flippase that translocates phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer. TMEM30A physically interacts with βCTF in endosomes and may impair vesicular traffic, leading to abnormally enlarged endosomes. APP traffic is also concomitantly impaired, resulting in the accumulation of APP-CTFs, including βCTF. In addition, we found that expressed BACE1 accumulated in enlarged endosomes and increased Aβ production. Our data suggested that TMEM30A is involved in βCTF-dependent endosome abnormalities that are related to Aβ overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Takasugi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Runa Araya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamikubo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanaka Kaneshiro
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Imaoka
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Kashiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshie Hashimoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Kurosawa
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Vilmont V, Cadot B, Vezin E, Le Grand F, Gomes ER. Dynein disruption perturbs post-synaptic components and contributes to impaired MuSK clustering at the NMJ: implication in ALS. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27804. [PMID: 27283349 PMCID: PMC4901269 DOI: 10.1038/srep27804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) allows the transformation of a neuronal message into a mechanical force by muscle contraction and is the target of several neuromuscular disorders. While the neuronal side is under extensive research, the muscle appeared recently to have a growing role in the formation and integrity of the neuromuscular junction. We used an in vitro model of mature myofibers to study the role of dynein on major postsynaptic proteins. We found that dynein affects the expression and the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), muscle specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) and Rapsyn. We also show that myofibers with dynein impairment or from an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model (SOD1G93A) show similar defects in myofiber formation and agrin-induced AChR clustering suggesting a role for dynein impairment in ALS progression. Finally, we found that dynein can affect MuSK traffic through the endosomal pathway. Collectively, our studies show that defects in dynein can lead to impairment of muscle NMJ components’ expression and clustering. We propose that NMJ defects could happen via defective MuSK traffic and that this could be one of the pathological features involved in neurodegeneration such as ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vilmont
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cadot
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Elsa Vezin
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Le Grand
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Edgar R Gomes
- Myology Research Center, UM76-INSERM U974-CNRS FRE 3617 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Dynein Dysfunction Reproduces Age-Dependent Retromer Deficiency: Concomitant Disruption of Retrograde Trafficking Is Required for Alteration in β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Metabolism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1952-1966. [PMID: 27179390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that β-amyloid (Aβ) protein plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, and accumulating evidence suggests that endocytic dysfunction is involved in Aβ pathology. Retromer, a conserved multisubunit complex, mediates the retrograde transport of numerous kinds of cargo from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Several studies have found that retromer deficiency enhances Aβ pathology both in vitro and in vivo. Cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule-based motor protein, mediates minus-end-directed vesicle transport via interactions with dynactin, another microtubule-associated protein that also interacts with retromer. Aging attenuates the dynein-dynactin interaction, and dynein dysfunction reproduces age-dependent endocytic disturbance, resulting in the intracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its β-cleavage products, including Aβ. Here, we report that aging itself affects retromer trafficking in cynomolgus monkey brains. In addition, dynein dysfunction reproduces this type of age-dependent retromer deficiency (ie, the endosomal accumulation of retromer-related proteins and APP. Moreover, we found that knockdown of Rab7, Rab9, or Rab11 did not alter endogenous APP metabolism, such as that observed in aged monkey brains and in dynein-depleted cells. These findings suggest that dynein dysfunction can cause retromer deficiency and that concomitant disruption of retrograde trafficking may be the key factor underlying age-dependent Aβ pathology.
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Diabetes Mellitus Induces Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: Histopathological Evidence from Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:503. [PMID: 27058526 PMCID: PMC4848959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the major causative disease of dementia and is characterized pathologically by the accumulation of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Although genetic studies show that β-amyloid protein (Aβ), the major component of SPs, is the key factor underlying AD pathogenesis, it remains unclear why advanced age often leads to AD. Interestingly, several epidemiological and clinical studies show that type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are more likely to exhibit increased susceptibility to AD. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that there are several connections between the neuropathology that underlies AD and DM, and there is evidence that the experimental induction of DM can cause cognitive dysfunction, even in rodent animal models. This mini-review summarizes histopathological evidence that DM induces AD pathology in animal models and discusses the possibility that aberrant insulin signaling is a key factor in the induction of AD pathology.
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Ueda N, Tomita T, Yanagisawa K, Kimura N. Retromer and Rab2-dependent trafficking mediate PS1 degradation by proteasomes in endocytic disturbance. J Neurochem 2016; 137:647-58. [PMID: 26896628 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that endocytic pathway deficits are involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Several reports show that endocytic disturbance affects β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) cleavage from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Presenilin-1 (PS1) is the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex required for Aβ generation. Previously, we showed that aging induces endocytic disturbance, resulting in the accumulation of Aβ and APP in enlarged endosomes. It remains unclear, however, whether PS1 localization and function are affected with endocytic disturbance. Here, we report that in endocytic disturbance, PS1 is transported from endosomes to ER/Golgi compartments via retromer trafficking, and that PS1 interacts with vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PS1 is degraded by proteasomes via a Rab2-dependent trafficking pathway, only during endocytic disturbance. These findings suggest that PS1 levels and localization in endosomes are regulated by retromer trafficking and ER-associated degradation system, even if endocytic disturbance significantly induces the endosomal accumulation of APP and β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1. Results of this study also suggest that retromer deficiency can affect PS1 localization in endosomes, where Aβ cleavage mainly occurs, possibly leading to enhanced Aβ pathology. We proposed the following mechanism for intracellular transport of presenilin-1 (PS1). When endosome/lysosome trafficking is disturbed, PS1 is transported from endosome to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi compartments via retromer and Rab2-mediated trafficking, and then degraded by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Perturbations in this trafficking can cause abnormal endosomal accumulation of PS1, and then may lead to exacerbated Aβ pathology. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ueda
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Aichi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Aichi, Japan
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Sintiprungrat K, Singhto N, Thongboonkerd V. Characterization of calcium oxalate crystal-induced changes in the secretome of U937 human monocytes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:879-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to characterize changes in the secretome of human monocytes induced by calcium oxalate crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitisak Sintiprungrat
- Medical Proteomics Unit
- Office for Research and Development
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
| | - Nilubon Singhto
- Medical Proteomics Unit
- Office for Research and Development
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit
- Office for Research and Development
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok
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20
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Aboud O, Parcon PA, DeWall KM, Liu L, Mrak RE, Griffin WST. Aging, Alzheimer's, and APOE genotype influence the expression and neuronal distribution patterns of microtubule motor protein dynactin-P50. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:103. [PMID: 25859183 PMCID: PMC4373372 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reports from neural cell cultures and experimental animal studies provide evidence of age- and disease-related changes in retrograde transport of spent or misfolded proteins destined for degradation or recycling. However, few studies address these issues in human brain from those who either age without dementia and overt neuropathology, or succumb to Alzheimer's; especially as such propensity may be influenced by APOE genotype. We studied the expression and distribution of the dynein subunit dynactin-P50, the β amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), and hyperphosphorylated tau (P-tau) in tissues and tissue sections of brains from non-demented, neuropathology-free patients and from Alzheimer patients, with either APOE ε3,3 or APOE ε4,4. We found that advanced age in patients without dementia or neuropathological change was associated with coordinated increases in dynactin-P50 and βAPP in neurons in pyramidal layers of the hippocampus. In contrast, in Alzheimer's, βAPP and dynactin were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the dynactin-P50 and βAPP that was present was located primarily in dystrophic neurites in Aβ plaques. Tissues from Alzheimer patients with APOE ε3,3 had less P-tau, more βAPP, dynactin-P50, and synaptophysin than did tissues from Alzheimer patients carrying APOE ε4,4. It is logical to conclude, then, that as neurons age successfully, there is coordination between retrograde delivery and maintenance and repair, as well as between retrograde delivery and degradation and/or recycling of spent proteins. The buildup of proteins slated for repair, synaptic viability, transport, and re-cycling in neuron soma and dystrophic neurites suggest a loss of this coordination in Alzheimer neurons. Inheritance of APOE ε3,3 rather than APOE ε4,4, is associated with neuronal resilience, suggestive of better repair capabilities, more synapses, more efficient transport, and less hyperphosphorylation of tau. We conclude that even in disease the ε3 allele is neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orwa Aboud
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Paul A Parcon
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K Mark DeWall
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA ; Department of Biology, Brigham Young University Idaho, Rexburg, ID, USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert E Mrak
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus Toledo, OH, USA
| | - W Sue T Griffin
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR, USA ; Geriatric Research, Education, Clinical Center, Central Arkansas HealthCare System Little Rock, AR, USA
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Herrmann L, Wiegmann C, Arsalan-Werner A, Hilbrich I, Jäger C, Flach K, Suttkus A, Lachmann I, Arendt T, Holzer M. Hook proteins: association with Alzheimer pathology and regulatory role of hook3 in amyloid beta generation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119423. [PMID: 25799409 PMCID: PMC4370497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in intracellular transport are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hook proteins are a family of cytoplasmic linker proteins that participate in endosomal transport. In this study we show that Hook1 and Hook3 are expressed in neurons while Hook2 is predominantly expressed in astrocytes. Furthermore, Hook proteins are associated with pathological hallmarks in AD; Hook1 and Hook3 are localized to tau aggregates and Hook2 to glial components within amyloid plaques. Additionally, the expression of Hook3 is reduced in AD. Modelling of Hook3 deficiency in cultured cells leads to slowing of endosomal transport and increases β-amyloid production. We propose that Hook3 plays a role in pathogenic events exacerbating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Herrmann
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Caspar Wiegmann
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Arsalan-Werner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Hilbrich
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Flach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Suttkus
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Holzer
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Neurodegeneration, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Okabayashi S, Shimozawa N, Yasutomi Y, Yanagisawa K, Kimura N. Diabetes mellitus accelerates Aβ pathology in brain accompanied by enhanced GAβ generation in nonhuman primates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117362. [PMID: 25675436 PMCID: PMC4326359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the strongest risk factors for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it remains unclear why DM accelerates AD pathology. In cynomolgus monkeys older than 25 years, senile plaques (SPs) are spontaneously and consistently observed in their brains, and neurofibrillary tangles are present at 32 years of age and older. In laboratory-housed monkeys, obesity is occasionally observed and frequently leads to development of type 2 DM. In the present study, we performed histopathological and biochemical analyses of brain tissue in cynomolgus monkeys with type 2 DM to clarify the relationship between DM and AD pathology. Here, we provide the evidence that DM accelerates Aβ pathology in vivo in nonhuman primates who had not undergone any genetic manipulation. In DM-affected monkey brains, SPs were observed in frontal and temporal lobe cortices, even in monkeys younger than 20 years. Biochemical analyses of brain revealed that the amount of GM1-ganglioside-bound Aβ (GAβ)—the endogenous seed for Aβ fibril formation in the brain—was clearly elevated in DM-affected monkeys. Furthermore, the level of Rab GTPases was also significantly increased in the brains of adult monkeys with DM, almost to the same levels as in aged monkeys. Intraneuronal accumulation of enlarged endosomes was also observed in DM-affected monkeys, suggesting that exacerbated endocytic disturbance may underlie the acceleration of Aβ pathology due to DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Okabayashi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1–1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–0843, Japan
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, 1–1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–0843, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1–1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–0843, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1–1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–0843, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanagisawa
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Gengo 35, Moriika, Obu, Aichi, 474–8511, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 1–1 Hachimandai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–0843, Japan
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Gengo 35, Moriika, Obu, Aichi, 474–8511, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Aryani A, Denecke B. Exosomes as a Nanodelivery System: a Key to the Future of Neuromedicine? Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:818-834. [PMID: 25502465 PMCID: PMC4752585 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the last decade, exosomes have been of increased interest in the science community. Exosomes represent a new kind of long distance transfer of biological molecules among cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the construction of exosomes, their targeting and their fusion mechanisms to the recipient cells. Complementarily, the current state of research regarding the cargo of exosomes is discussed. A particular focus was placed on the role of exosomes in the central nervous system. An increasing number of physiological processes in the brain could be associated with exosomes. In this context, it is becoming more apparent that exosomes are involved in several neurological and specifically neurodegenerative diseases. The treatment of these kinds of diseases is often difficult not least because of the blood-brain barrier. Exosomes are very stable, can pass the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, reveal bright perspectives towards diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. A prerequisite for clinical applications is a standardised approach. Features necessary for a standardised diagnosis using exosomes are discussed. In therapeutic terms, exosomes represent a promising drug delivery system able to pass the blood-brain barrier. One option to overcome the disadvantages potentially associated with the use of endogenous exosomes is the design of artificial exosomes. The artificial exosomes with a clearly defined therapeutic active cargo and surface marker ensuring the specific targeting to the recipient cells is proposed as a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Aryani
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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A potential function for neuronal exosomes: Sequestering intracerebral amyloid-β peptide. FEBS Lett 2014; 589:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Dynein dysfunction disrupts β-amyloid clearance in astrocytes through endocytic disturbances. Neuroreport 2014; 25:514-20. [PMID: 24556945 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that aging attenuates the interaction between dynein-dynactin complexes in cynomolgus monkey brain and that dynein dysfunction reproduces age-dependent endocytic disturbances, resulting in intracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, synaptic vesicle transport deficits, and neuritic swelling. It remains unclear whether such endocytic disturbances also occur in glial cells. Here, we show that endocytic pathology, such as intracellular accumulation of enlarged endosomes, occurs in astrocytes of aged monkey brains. Also, Aβ accumulates in these enlarged endosomes. RNA interference studies have shown that dynein dysfunction reproduces astroglial endocytic pathology and disrupts Aβ clearance in astrocytes through endocytic disturbances. These findings suggest that endocytic disturbances can alter astroglial functions and may also be involved in age-dependent Aβ pathology.
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Farg MA, Sundaramoorthy V, Sultana JM, Yang S, Atkinson RAK, Levina V, Halloran MA, Gleeson PA, Blair IP, Soo KY, King AE, Atkin JD. C9ORF72, implicated in amytrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, regulates endosomal trafficking. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3579-95. [PMID: 24549040 PMCID: PMC4049310 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intronic expansion of a hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) gene is the major cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. However, the cellular function of the C9ORF72 protein remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that C9ORF72 regulates endosomal trafficking. C9ORF72 colocalized with Rab proteins implicated in autophagy and endocytic transport: Rab1, Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 in neuronal cell lines, primary cortical neurons and human spinal cord motor neurons, consistent with previous predictions that C9ORF72 bears Rab guanine exchange factor activity. Consistent with this notion, C9ORF72 was present in the extracellular space and as cytoplasmic vesicles. Depletion of C9ORF72 using siRNA inhibited transport of Shiga toxin from the plasma membrane to Golgi apparatus, internalization of TrkB receptor and altered the ratio of autophagosome marker light chain 3 (LC3) II:LC3I, indicating that C9ORF72 regulates endocytosis and autophagy. C9ORF72 also colocalized with ubiquilin-2 and LC3-positive vesicles, and co-migrated with lysosome-stained vesicles in neuronal cell lines, providing further evidence that C9ORF72 regulates autophagy. Investigation of proteins interacting with C9ORF72 using mass spectrometry identified other proteins implicated in ALS; ubiquilin-2 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, hnRNPA2/B1 and hnRNPA1, and actin. Treatment of cells overexpressing C9ORF72 with proteasome inhibitors induced the formation of stress granules positive for hnRNPA1 and hnRNPA2/B1. Immunohistochemistry of C9ORF72 ALS patient motor neurons revealed increased colocalization between C9ORF72 and Rab7 and Rab11 compared with controls, suggesting possible dysregulation of trafficking in patients bearing the C9ORF72 repeat expansion. Hence, this study identifies a role for C9ORF72 in Rab-mediated cellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shu Yang
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel A K Atkinson
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Mark A Halloran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anna E King
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Alteration of dynein function affects α-synuclein degradation via the autophagosome-lysosome pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:24242-54. [PMID: 24351814 PMCID: PMC3876108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141224242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that dynein dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. It plays a central role in aggresome formation, the delivery of autophagosome to lysosome for fusion and degradation, which is a pro-survival mechanism essential for the bulk degradation of misfolded proteins and damaged organells. Previous studies reported that dynein dysfuntion was associated with aberrant aggregation of α-synuclein, which is a major component of inclusion bodies in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear what roles dynein plays in α-synuclein degradation. Our study demonstrated a decrease of dynein expression in neurotoxin-induced PD models in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by an increase of α-synuclein protein level. Dynein down-regulation induced by siRNA resulted in a prolonged half-life of α-synuclein and its over-accumulation in A53T overexpressing PC12 cells. Dynein knockdown also prompted the increase of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II) and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62) expression, and the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, dynein suppression impaired the autophagosome fusion with lysosome. In summary, our findings indicate that dynein is critical for the clearance of aberrant α-synuclein via autophagosome-lysosome pathway.
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Heese K. G proteins, p60TRP, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 47:1103-11. [PMID: 23345134 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex brain disorder of the limbic system and association cortices. The disease is characterized by the production and deposition of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in the brain, and the neuropathological mechanisms involved must be deciphered to gain further insights into the fundamental aspects of the protein biology responsible for the development and progression of this disease. Aβ is generated by the intramembranous cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein, which is mediated by the proteases β- and γ-secretase. Accumulating evidence suggests the importance of the coupling of this cleavage mechanism to G protein signaling. Heterotrimeric G proteins play pivotal roles as molecular switches in signal transduction pathways mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Extracellular stimuli activate these receptors, which in turn catalyze guanosine triphosphate-guanosine diphosphate exchange on the G protein α-subunit. The activation-deactivation cycles of G proteins underlie their crucial functions as molecular switches for a vast array of biological responses. The novel transcription regulator protein p60 transcription regulator protein and its related GPCR signaling pathways have recently been described as potential targets for the development of alternative strategies for inhibiting the early signaling mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Heese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
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The synaptic proteome in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 9:499-511. [PMID: 23154051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synaptic dysfunction occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is recognized to be a primary pathological target for treatment. Synapse degeneration or dysfunction contributes to clinical signs of dementia through altered neuronal communication; the degree of synaptic loss correlates strongly with cognitive impairment. The molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic degeneration are still unclear, and identifying abnormally expressed synaptic proteins in AD brain will help to elucidate such mechanisms and to identify therapeutic targets that might slow AD progression. METHODS Synaptosomal fractions from human autopsy brain tissue from subjects with AD (n = 6) and without AD (n = 6) were compared using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis. AD pathology is region specific; human subjects can be highly variable in age, medication, and other factors. To counter these factors, two vulnerable areas (the hippocampus and the temporal cortex) were compared with two relatively spared areas (the motor and occipital cortices) within each group. Proteins exhibiting significant changes in expression were identified (≥20% change, Newman-Keuls P value < .05) using either matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight or electrospray ionisation quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS Twenty-six different synaptic proteins exhibited more than twofold differences in expression between AD and normal subjects. These proteins are involved in regulating different cellular functions, including energy metabolism, signal transduction, vesicle transport, structure, and antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION Comparative proteome analysis uncovered markers of pathogenic mechanisms involved in synaptic dysfunction.
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Li G. Rab GTPases, membrane trafficking and diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2012; 12:1188-93. [PMID: 21561417 DOI: 10.2174/138945011795906561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Rab family of GTPases contains over 60 genes in the human genome and contributes to regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking along endocytic and exocytic pathways as well as specialized pathways in specific cell types. It has become increasingly clear that disruption of the intracellular membrane trafficking system at different stages can cause various diseases. In the past decade, altered expression levels and mutations of Rab GTPases have been associated with such diseases as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and various genetic disorders. This review discusses the specific Rab GTPases and their involvement in the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Kimura N, Okabayashi S, Ono F. Dynein dysfunction disrupts intracellular vesicle trafficking bidirectionally and perturbs synaptic vesicle docking via endocytic disturbances a potential mechanism underlying age-dependent impairment of cognitive function. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:550-61. [PMID: 22182700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although genetic studies have demonstrated that β-amyloid protein (Aβ) plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, how aging contributes to AD onset remains unclear. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that Aβ-independent mechanisms, such as altered intracellular signaling cascades and impaired neurotransmitter release, also are likely involved in this process. Cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule-based motor protein, mediates minus end-directed vesicle transport via interactions with dynactin, another microtubule-associated protein. We previously showed that normal aging attenuates the interaction between dynein-dynactin complexes in monkey brain and that dynein dysfunction reproduces age-dependent endocytic disturbances, resulting in intracellular Aβ accumulation. In this study, we report that dynein dysfunction disrupts not only retrograde transport of neurotrophic receptors but also anterograde transport of synaptic vesicles, which occurs concomitantly with an increase in Rab3 GTPase levels. Additionally, synaptic vesicle docking was perturbed via enhanced endocytosis. Dynein dysfunction also induced neuritic swelling, which is accompanied by a significant accumulation of neurofilaments. Moreover, we also confirmed that the dynein dysfunction-related disturbances are associated with aging in monkey brains and that age-dependent endocytic disturbances precede Aβ abnormality. These findings suggest that dynein dysfunction can alter neuronal activity via endocytic disturbances and may underlie age-dependent impairment of cognitive function. Moreover, in the presence of other risk factors, such as intracellular Aβ accumulation, dynein dysfunction may contribute to the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Disease Control, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Eschbach J, Dupuis L. Cytoplasmic dynein in neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 130:348-63. [PMID: 21420428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein 1 (later referred to as dynein) is the major molecular motor moving cargoes such as mitochondria, organelles and proteins towards the minus end of microtubules. Dynein is involved in multiple basic cellular functions, such as mitosis, autophagy and structure of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, but also in neuron specific functions in particular retrograde axonal transport. Dynein is regulated by a number of protein complexes, notably by dynactin. Several studies have supported indirectly the involvement of dynein in neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and motor neuron diseases. First, axonal transport disruption represents a common feature occurring in neurodegenerative diseases. Second, a number of dynein-dependent processes, including autophagy or clearance of aggregation-prone proteins, are found defective in most of these diseases. Third, a number of mutant genes in various neurodegenerative diseases are involved in the regulation of dynein transport. This includes notably mutations in the P150Glued subunit of dynactin that are found in Perry syndrome and motor neuron diseases. Interestingly, gene products that are mutant in Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease or spino-cerebellar ataxia are also involved in the regulation of dynein motor activity or of cargo binding. Despite a constellation of indirect evidence, direct links between the motor itself and neurodegeneration are few, and this might be due to the requirement of fully active dynein for development. Here, we critically review the evidence of dynein involvement in different neurodegenerative diseases and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Eschbach
- Inserm U692, Laboratoire de Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, F-67085, France
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Yuyama K, Yanagisawa K. Sphingomyelin accumulation provides a favorable milieu for GM1 ganglioside-induced assembly of amyloid β-protein. Neurosci Lett 2010; 481:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gredilla R, Weissman L, Yang JL, Bohr VA, Stevnsner T. Mitochondrial base excision repair in mouse synaptosomes during normal aging and in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:694-707. [PMID: 20708822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is associated with synaptic decline and synaptic function is highly dependent on mitochondria. Increased levels of oxidative DNA base damage and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations or deletions lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, playing an important role in the aging process and the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Here we have investigated the repair of oxidative base damage, in synaptosomes of mouse brain during normal aging and in an AD model. During normal aging, a reduction in the base excision repair (BER) capacity was observed in the synaptosomal fraction, which was associated with a decrease in the level of BER proteins. However, we did not observe changes between the synaptosomal BER activities of presymptomatic and symptomatic AD mice harboring mutated amyolid precursor protein (APP), Tau, and presinilin-1 (PS1) (3xTgAD). Our findings suggest that the age-related reduction in BER capacity in the synaptosomal fraction might contribute to mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction during aging. The development of AD-like pathology in the 3xTgAD mouse model was, however, not associated with deficiencies of the BER mechanisms in the synaptosomal fraction when the whole brain was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gredilla
- Danish Center for Molecular Gerontology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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