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Nishitsuji K, Ikezaki M, Manabe S, Ihara Y. Functions of Protein <i>C</i>-Mannosylation in Physiology and Pathology. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2023. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2218.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Nishitsuji K, Ikezaki M, Manabe S, Ihara Y. Functions of Protein <i>C</i>-Mannosylation in Physiology and Pathology. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2023. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2218.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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3
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Poznyakova J, Pshenichnikova O, Surin V, Klebanova E, Galstyan G. New missense mutation p.Trp387Ser affecting the functionally important TrpXXTrp motif in the TSR1 repeat of ADAMTS13 metalloproteinase: case report. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1150-1155. [PMID: 35762256 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Upshaw-Schulman syndrome (USS) - rare autosomal recessive disease that affects less than 1/1,000,000 individuals. It is characterized by the massive formation of platelet thrombi in the microcirculation accompanied by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and clinical and laboratory signs of renal and neurological failure. USS is caused by mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene can lead to disruption of secretion of this enzyme, or to decrease of enzyme proteinase activity without effect on ADAMTS13 secretion. The aim of this work is to describe a clinical case of Upshaw-Schulman syndrome caused by a new missense mutation in the ADAMTS13 gene. The diagnosis of TTP was based on clinical signs and confirmed if plasma ADAMTS13 activity was less than 10%. ADAMTS 13 gene sequencing was performed by Sanger method using oligonucleotide primers of our own design. We found a new, undescribed mutation p.Trp387Ser in a TrpXXTrp motif. Previously a pathogenic variation disrupting the 387TrpSerSerTrp390 motif of the ADAMTS13 protein was detected only once. Clinical picture of a patient with the combination of the p.Trp387Ser and p.Arg1060Trp variations is quite similar to that of the homozygous state of p.Arg1060Trp variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Poznyakova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - O Pshenichnikova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - V Surin
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - E Klebanova
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - G Galstyan
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia
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4
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Berardinelli SJ, Eletsky A, Valero-González J, Ito A, Manjunath R, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Prestegard JH, Woods RJ, Haltiwanger RS. O-fucosylation stabilizes the TSR3 motif in thrombospondin-1 by interacting with nearby amino acids and protecting a disulfide bond. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102047. [PMID: 35597280 PMCID: PMC9198472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin type-1 repeats (TSRs) are small protein motifs containing six conserved cysteines forming three disulfide bonds that can be modified with an O-linked fucose. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) catalyzes the addition of O-fucose to TSRs containing the appropriate consensus sequence, and the O-fucose modification can be elongated to a Glucose-Fucose disaccharide with the addition of glucose by β3-glucosyltransferase (B3GLCT). Elimination of Pofut2 in mice results in embryonic lethality in mice, highlighting the biological significance of O-fucose modification on TSRs. Knockout of POFUT2 in HEK293T cells has been shown to cause complete or partial loss of secretion of many proteins containing O-fucosylated TSRs. In addition, POFUT2 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and only modifies folded TSRs, stabilizing their structures. These observations suggest that POFUT2 is involved in an ER quality control mechanism for TSR folding and that B3GLCT also participates in quality control by providing additional stabilization to TSRs. However, the mechanisms by which addition of these sugars result in stabilization are poorly understood. Here, we conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and provide crystallographic and NMR evidence that the Glucose-Fucose disaccharide interacts with specific amino acids in the TSR3 domain in thrombospondin-1 that are within proximity to the O-fucosylation modification site resulting in protection of a nearby disulfide bond. We also show that mutation of these amino acids reduces the stabilizing effect of the sugars in vitro. These data provide mechanistic details regarding the importance of O-fucosylation and how it participates in quality control mechanisms inside the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Berardinelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander Eletsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessika Valero-González
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rajashri Manjunath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James H Prestegard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Resource Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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5
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Lepucki A, Orlińska K, Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kabut J, Olczyk P, Komosińska-Vassev K. The Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051250. [PMID: 35268340 PMCID: PMC8911242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a structure composed of many molecules, including fibrillar (types I, II, III, V, XI, XXIV, XXVII) and non-fibrillar collagens (mainly basement membrane collagens: types IV, VIII, X), non-collagenous glycoproteins (elastin, laminin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, tenascin, osteopontin, osteonectin, entactin, periostin) embedded in a gel of negatively charged water-retaining glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as non-sulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) and sulfated GAGs which are linked to a core protein to form proteoglycans (PGs). This highly dynamic molecular network provides critical biochemical and biomechanical cues that mediate the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, influence cell growth, migration and differentiation and serve as a reservoir of cytokines and growth factors’ action. The breakdown of normal ECM and its replacement with tumor ECM modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and is an essential part of tumorigenesis and metastasis, acting as key driver for malignant progression. Abnormal ECM also deregulate behavior of stromal cells as well as facilitating tumor-associated angiogenesis and inflammation. Thus, the tumor matrix modulates each of the classically defined hallmarks of cancer promoting the growth, survival and invasion of the cancer. Moreover, various ECM-derived components modulate the immune response affecting T cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), dendritic cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). This review article considers the role that extracellular matrix play in breast cancer. Determining the detailed connections between the ECM and cellular processes has helped to identify novel disease markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Lepucki
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Kinga Orlińska
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Kabut
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.M.-P.); (J.K.)
| | - Pawel Olczyk
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.L.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
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An Optimized Purification Design for Extracting Active ADAMTS13 from Conditioned Media. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS13 is a hemostatic enzyme that breaks down pro-thrombotic ultra-large multimers of von Willebrand factor (VWF). The deficiency of ADAMTS13 increases VWF-mediated thrombogenic potential and may lead to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Recently, clinical studies have shown the development of acquired TTP after COVID-19 infection and a correlation between low ADAMTS13 plasma levels and increased mortality. As a result, investigating ADAMTS13 as a potential recombinant therapeutic is of broad interest in the field of hematology. ADAMTS13 is considered challenging to purify in its biologically active state. Current purification methods utilize immobilized metal ions, which can interfere with ADAMTS13 metalloprotease activity. For this reason, we optimized an alternative strategy to isolate milligram quantities of highly active recombinant ADAMTS13 (rADAMTS13) from conditioned media after exogenous expression in human cell line, HEK293. HEK293 cells stably expressing C-terminal V5-His-tagged ADAMTS13 were grown in two parallel systems, culture bottles and flasks, for identifying an optimal cultivation strategy. Subsequently, we employed anion exchange followed by anti-V5-tag affinity chromatography to purify rADAMTS13, and extracted rADAMTS13 of high specific activity while preserving its native post-translational modifications. In addition, this process has been optimized and scaled up to produce active rADAMTS13 at levels sufficient for laboratory-scale structural, enzymatic, and biochemical studies.
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Ikezaki M, Nishitsuji K, Matsumura K, Manabe S, Shibukawa Y, Wada Y, Ito Y, Ihara Y. C-Mannosylated tryptophan-containing WSPW peptide binds to actinin-4 and alters E-cadherin subcellular localization in lung epithelial-like A549 cells. Biochimie 2021; 192:136-146. [PMID: 34673139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Trp-x-x-Trp (W-x-x-W) peptide motif, a consensus site for C-mannosylation, is the functional motif in cytokine type I receptors or thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) superfamily proteins. W-x-x-W motifs are important for physiological and pathological functions of their parental proteins, but effects of C-mannosylation on protein functions remain to be elucidated. By using chemically synthesized WSPW peptides and C-mannosylated WSPW peptides (C-Man-WSPW), we herein investigated whether C-mannosylation of WSPW peptides confer additional biological functions to WSPW peptides. C-Man-WSPW peptide, but not non-mannosylated WSPW, reduced E-cadherin levels in A549 cells. Via peptide mass fingerprinting analysis, we identified actinin-4 as a C-Man-WSPW-binding protein in A549 cells. Actinin-4 partly co-localized with E-cadherin or β-catenin, despite no direct interaction between actinin-4 and E-cadherin. C-Man-WSPW reduced co-localization of E-cadherin and actinin-4; non-mannosylated WSPW had no effect on localization. In actinin-4-knockdown cells, E-cadherin was upregulated and demonstrated a punctate staining pattern in the cytoplasm, which suggests that actinin-4 regulated cell-surface E-cadherin localization. Thus, C-mannosylation of WSPW peptides is required for interaction with actinin-4 that subsequently alters expression and subcellular localization of E-cadherin and morphology of epithelial-like cells. Our results therefore suggest a regulatory role of C-mannosylation of the W-x-x-W motif in interactions between the motif and its binding partner and will thereby enhance understanding of protein C-mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Ko Matsumura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yukinao Shibukawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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8
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Minakata S, Manabe S, Inai Y, Ikezaki M, Nishitsuji K, Ito Y, Ihara Y. Protein C-Mannosylation and C-Mannosyl Tryptophan in Chemical Biology and Medicine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175258. [PMID: 34500691 PMCID: PMC8433626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Mannosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Monomeric α-mannose is attached to specific Trp residues at the first Trp in the Trp-x-x-Trp/Cys (W-x-x-W/C) motif of substrate proteins, by the action of C-mannosyltransferases, DPY19-related gene products. The acceptor substrate proteins are included in the thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) superfamily, cytokine receptor type I family, and others. Previous studies demonstrated that C-mannosylation plays critical roles in the folding, sorting, and/or secretion of substrate proteins. A C-mannosylation-defective gene mutation was identified in humans as the disease-associated variant affecting a C-mannosylation motif of W-x-x-W of ADAMTSL1, which suggests the involvement of defects in protein C-mannosylation in human diseases such as developmental glaucoma, myopia, and/or retinal defects. On the other hand, monomeric C-mannosyl Trp (C-Man-Trp), a deduced degradation product of C-mannosylated proteins, occurs in cells and extracellular fluids. Several studies showed that the level of C-Man-Trp is upregulated in blood of patients with renal dysfunction, suggesting that the metabolism of C-Man-Trp may be involved in human kidney diseases. Together, protein C-mannosylation is considered to play important roles in the biosynthesis and functions of substrate proteins, and the altered regulation of protein C-manosylation may be involved in the pathophysiology of human diseases. In this review, we consider the biochemical and biomedical knowledge of protein C-mannosylation and C-Man-Trp, and introduce recent studies concerning their significance in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Minakata
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical Department, The Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan;
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoko Inai
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.I.); (M.I.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-73-441-0628
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9
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Zhang A, Venkat A, Taujale R, Mull JL, Ito A, Kannan N, Haltiwanger RS. Peters plus syndrome mutations affect the function and stability of human β1,3-glucosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100843. [PMID: 34058199 PMCID: PMC8233153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peters Plus Syndrome (PTRPLS OMIM #261540) is a severe congenital disorder of glycosylation where patients have multiple structural anomalies, including Peters anomaly of the eye (anterior segment dysgenesis), disproportionate short stature, brachydactyly, dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, and variable additional abnormalities. PTRPLS patients and some Peters Plus-like (PTRPLS-like) patients (who only have a subset of PTRPLS phenotypes, have mutations in the gene encoding β1,3-glucosyltransferase [B3GLCT]). B3GLCT catalyzes the transfer of glucose to O-linked fucose on thrombospondin type-1 repeats. Most B3GLCT substrate proteins belong to the ADAMTS superfamily and play critical roles in extracellular matrix. We sought to determine whether the PTRPLS or PTRPLS-like mutations abrogated B3GLCT activity. B3GLCT has two putative active sites, one in the N-terminal region and the other in the C-terminal glycosyltransferase domain. Using sequence analysis and in vitro activity assays, we demonstrated that the C-terminal domain catalyzes transfer of glucose to O-linked fucose. We also generated a homology model of B3GLCT and identified D421 as the catalytic base. PTRPLS and PTRPLS-like mutations were individually introduced into B3GLCT, and the mutated enzymes were evaluated using in vitro enzyme assays and cell-based functional assays. Our results demonstrated that PTRPLS mutations caused loss of B3GLCT enzymatic activity and/or significantly reduced protein stability. In contrast, B3GLCT with PTRPLS-like mutations retained enzymatic activity, although some showed a minor destabilizing effect. Overall, our data supports the hypothesis that loss of glucose from B3GLCT substrate proteins is responsible for the defects observed in PTRPLS patients, but not for those observed in PTRPLS-like patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rahil Taujale
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James L Mull
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Atsuko Ito
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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John A, Järvå MA, Shah S, Mao R, Chappaz S, Birkinshaw RW, Czabotar PE, Lo AW, Scott NE, Goddard-Borger ED. Yeast- and antibody-based tools for studying tryptophan C-mannosylation. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:428-437. [PMID: 33542533 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan C-mannosylation is an unusual co-translational protein modification performed by metazoans and apicomplexan protists. The prevalence and biological functions of this modification are poorly understood, with progress in the field hampered by a dearth of convenient tools for installing and detecting the modification. Here, we engineer a yeast system to produce a diverse array of proteins with and without tryptophan C-mannosylation and interrogate the modification's influence on protein stability and function. This system also enabled mutagenesis studies to identify residues of the glycosyltransferase and its protein substrates that are crucial for catalysis. The collection of modified proteins accrued during this work facilitated the generation and thorough characterization of monoclonal antibodies against tryptophan C-mannosylation. These antibodies empowered proteomic analyses of the brain C-glycome by enriching for peptides possessing tryptophan C-mannosylation. This study revealed many new modification sites on proteins throughout the secretory pathway with both conventional and non-canonical consensus sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan John
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael A Järvå
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sayali Shah
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Runyu Mao
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephane Chappaz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard W Birkinshaw
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alvin W Lo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ethan D Goddard-Borger
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Yoshimoto S, Katayama K, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Simizu S. Regulation of N-glycosylation and secretion of Isthmin-1 by its C-mannosylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129840. [PMID: 33412225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-mannosylation is a type of protein glycosylation. Human Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is a 52-kDa secreted protein with a thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR) domain, containing two consensus C-mannosylation sequences at Trp223 and Trp226. In this study, we sought to examine the role of C-mannosylation in the secretion of ISM1. METHODS We established and cultured an ISM1-overexpressing HT1080 cell line and purified recombinant ISM1 for analysis from the conditioned medium by LC-MS/MS. Subcellular localization of ISM1 was observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS We found that ISM1 is C-mannosylated at Trp223 and Trp226 in the TSR domain. To determine the functions of the C-mannosylation of ISM1, we established a C-mannosylation-defective mutant ISM1-overexpressing HT1080 cell line and measured its secretion of ISM1. The secretion of ISM1 decreased significantly in this mutant ISM1-overexpressing line compared with wild-type cells. Furthermore, ISM1 was N-glycosylated only in these C-mannosylation-defective cells. CONCLUSIONS ISM1 is C-mannosylated in its TSR domain, and the status of the C-mannosylation of ISM1 affects its N-glycosylation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The C-mannosylation of ISM1 regulates its N-glycosylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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12
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Miura K, Suzuki T, Sun H, Takada H, Ishizawa Y, Mizuta H, Dohmae N, Simizu S. Requirement for C-mannosylation to be secreted and activated a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129833. [PMID: 33358865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-mannosylation is a unique type of glycosylation. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) is a multidomain extracellular metalloproteinase that contains several potential C-mannosylation sites. Although some ADAMTS family proteins have been reported to be C-mannosylated proteins, whether C-mannosylation affects the activation and protease activity of these proteins is unclear. METHODS We established wild-type and mutant ADAMTS4-overexpressing HT1080 cell lines. Recombinant ADAMTS4 was purified from the conditioned medium of the wild-type ADAMTS4-overexpressing cells, and the C-mannosylation sites of ADAMTS4 were identified by LC-MS/MS. The processing, secretion, and intracellular localization of ADAMTS4 were examined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses. ADAMTS4 enzymatic activity was evaluated by assessing the cleavage of recombinant aggrecan. RESULTS We identified that ADAMTS4 is C-mannosylated at Trp404 in the metalloprotease domain and at Trp523, Trp526, and Trp529 in the thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSR). The replacement of Trp404 with Phe affected ADAMTS4 processing, without affecting secretion and intracellular localization. In contrast, the substitution of Trp523, Trp526, and Trp529 with Phe residues suppressed ADAMTS4 secretion, processing, intracellular trafficking, and enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the C-mannosylation of ADAMTS4 plays important roles in protein processing, intracellular trafficking, secretion, and enzymatic activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Because C-mannosylation appears to regulate many ADAMTS4 functions, C-mannosylation may also affect other members of the ADAMTS superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hongkai Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Haruka Takada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yudai Ishizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Mizuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 223-8522, Japan.
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13
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Zhang A, Berardinelli SJ, Leonhard-Melief C, Vasudevan D, Liu TW, Taibi A, Giannone S, Apte SS, Holdener BC, Haltiwanger RS. O-Fucosylation of ADAMTSL2 is required for secretion and is impacted by geleophysic dysplasia-causing mutations. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15742-15753. [PMID: 32913123 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAMTSL2 mutations cause an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder, geleophysic dysplasia 1 (GPHYSD1), which is characterized by short stature, small hands and feet, and cardiac defects. ADAMTSL2 is a matricellular protein previously shown to interact with latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein 1 and influence assembly of fibrillin 1 microfibrils. ADAMTSL2 contains seven thrombospondin type-1 repeats (TSRs), six of which contain the consensus sequence for O-fucosylation by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). O-fucose-modified TSRs are subsequently elongated to a glucose β1-3-fucose (GlcFuc) disaccharide by β1,3-glucosyltransferase (B3GLCT). B3GLCT mutations cause Peters Plus Syndrome (PTRPLS), which is characterized by skeletal defects similar to GPHYSD1. Several ADAMTSL2 TSRs also have consensus sequences for C-mannosylation. Six reported GPHYSD1 mutations occur within the TSRs and two lie near O-fucosylation sites. To investigate the effects of TSR glycosylation on ADAMTSL2 function, we used MS to identify glycan modifications at predicted consensus sequences on mouse ADAMTSL2. We found that most TSRs were modified with the GlcFuc disaccharide at high stoichiometry at O-fucosylation sites and variable mannose stoichiometry at C-mannosylation sites. Loss of ADAMTSL2 secretion in POFUT2 -/- but not in B3GLCT -/- cells suggested that impaired ADAMTSL2 secretion is not responsible for skeletal defects in PTRPLS patients. In contrast, secretion was significantly reduced for ADAMTSL2 carrying GPHYSD1 mutations (S641L in TSR3 and G817R in TSR6), and S641L eliminated O-fucosylation of TSR3. These results provide evidence that abnormalities in GPHYSD1 patients with this mutation are caused by loss of O-fucosylation on TSR3 and impaired ADAMTSL2 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Deepika Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew Taibi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Sharee Giannone
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.
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14
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Osada Y, Suzuki T, Mizuta H, Mori K, Miura K, Dohmae N, Simizu S. The fibrinogen C-terminal domain is seldom C-mannosylated but its C-mannosylation is important for the secretion of microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Monomeric C-mannosyl tryptophan is a degradation product of autophagy in cultured cells. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:635-645. [PMID: 32803368 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C-Mannosyl tryptophan (C-Man-Trp) is a unique glycosylated amino acid present in various eukaryotes. The C-Man-Trp structure can be found as a monomeric form or a part of post-translational modifications within polypeptide chains in living organisms. However, the mechanism of how monomeric C-Man-Trp is produced has not been fully investigated. In this study, we assessed levels of cellular C-Man-Trp by ultra performance liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometry assay system, and investigated whether the cellular C-Man-Trp is affected by autophagy induction. The intracellular C-Man-Trp level was significantly increased under serum and/or amino acid starvation in A549, HaCaT, HepG2, NIH3T3, and NRK49F cells. The increase in C-Man-Trp was also observed in NIH3T3 cells treated with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. The up-regulation of C-Man-Trp caused by starvation was reversed by the inhibition of lysosomal enzymes. We further showed that C-Man-Trp is produced by incubating a synthetic C-mannosylated peptide (C-Man-Trp-Ser-Pro-Trp) or thrombospondin (TSP) in a lysosomal fraction that was prepared from a mouse liver, which provides supporting evidence that C-Man-Trp is a degradation product of the C-mannosylated peptide or protein following lysosome-related proteolysis. Taken together, we propose that the autophagic pathway is a novel pathway that at least partly contributes to intracellular C-Man-Trp production under certain conditions, such as nutrient starvation.
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16
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Inai Y, Ueda K, Matsui ISL, Tajiri M, Minakata S, Wada Y, Ihara Y. Role of C-mannosylation in the secretion of mindin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Frank M, Beccati D, Leeflang BR, Vliegenthart JFG. C-Mannosylation Enhances the Structural Stability of Human RNase 2. iScience 2020; 23:101371. [PMID: 32739833 PMCID: PMC7399192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Mannosylation is a relatively rare form of protein glycosylation involving the attachment of an α-mannopyranosyl residue to C-2 of the indole moiety of the amino acid tryptophan. This type of linkage was initially discovered in RNase 2 from human urine but later confirmed to be present in many other important proteins. Based on NMR experiments and extensive molecular dynamics simulations on the hundred microsecond timescale we demonstrate that, for isolated glycopeptides and denatured RNase 2, the C-linked mannopyranosyl residue exists as an ensemble of conformations, among which 1C4 is the most abundant. However, for native RNase 2, molecular dynamics and NMR studies revealed that the mannopyranosyl residue favors a specific conformation, which optimally stabilizes the protein fold through a network of hydrogen bonds and which leads to a significant reduction of the protein dynamics on the microsecond timescale. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the biological role of C-mannosylation. NMR and MD show that C-linked mannose exists as an ensemble of conformations Conformation of mannose is influenced by the protein environment and solvent In RNase 2 mannose favors a conformation that optimally stabilizes the protein fold Efficient methods for analysis of a large number of MD trajectories are presented
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Beccati
- Bijvoet Center, Division of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Bas R Leeflang
- Bijvoet Center, Division of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes F G Vliegenthart
- Bijvoet Center, Division of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
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18
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Liu L, Ma Z, Zhou X, Yin J, Lu J, Su J, Shen F, Xie L, Hu S, Ling J. Tryptophan 387 and 390 residues in ADAMTS13 are crucial to the ability of vascular tube formation and cell migration of endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1402-1409. [PMID: 32222985 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) was mainly generated and secreted from endothelial cells (ECs). Our previous study showed that tryptophan (Trp) residues at 387 and 390 in ADAMTS13 are required for its secretion and enzymatic activity. However, the effects on its host cell as well as the potential mechanism have not been clear. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Trp residues 387 and 390 of ADAMTS13 on the biological processes of ECs. Herein, Trp was substituted with alanine in ADAMTS13 to generate ADAMTS13 mutants at 387 (W387A), 390 (W390A), and double mutants at 387 and 390 (2WA), respectively. We found that substitution mutation impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and the downstream JAK1/STAT3 activation, the binding ability to Von Willebrand factor, cell proliferation, migration, and vascular tube formation. Overall, our study concluded that Trp387 and Trp390 of ADAMTS13 play vital roles in the biological function of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical Research Center of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liqian Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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19
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Albuquerque-Wendt A, Jacot D, Dos Santos Pacheco N, Seegers C, Zarnovican P, Buettner FFR, Bakker H, Soldati-Favre D, Routier FH. C-Mannosylation of Toxoplasma gondii proteins promotes attachment to host cells and parasite virulence. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1066-1076. [PMID: 31862733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
C-Mannosylation is a common modification of thrombospondin type 1 repeats present in metazoans and recently identified also in apicomplexan parasites. This glycosylation is mediated by enzymes of the DPY19 family that transfer α-mannoses to tryptophan residues in the sequence WX 2WX 2C, which is part of the structurally essential tryptophan ladder. Here, deletion of the dpy19 gene in the parasite Toxoplasma gondii abolished C-mannosyltransferase activity and reduced levels of the micronemal protein MIC2. The loss of C-mannosyltransferase activity was associated with weakened parasite adhesion to host cells and with reduced parasite motility, host cell invasion, and parasite egress. Interestingly, the C-mannosyltransferase-deficient Δdpy19 parasites were strongly attenuated in virulence and induced protective immunity in mice. This parasite attenuation could not simply be explained by the decreased MIC2 level and strongly suggests that absence of C-mannosyltransferase activity leads to an insufficient level of additional proteins. In summary, our results indicate that T. gondii C-mannosyltransferase DPY19 is not essential for parasite survival, but is important for adhesion, motility, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damien Jacot
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Carla Seegers
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricia Zarnovican
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Bakker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominique Soldati-Favre
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, CMU, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Françoise H Routier
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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20
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Albuquerque-Wendt A, Jacot D, Dos Santos Pacheco N, Seegers C, Zarnovican P, Buettner FF, Bakker H, Soldati-Favre D, Routier FH. C-Mannosylation of Toxoplasma gondii proteins promotes attachment to host cells and parasite virulence. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
ADAMTS7 is a secreted protease that is predominantly expressed in tissues of the cardiovascular system and tendon. Although recent evidence suggests that it may play a role in the etiology of coronary artery disease, its physiological function and substrates are unknown. The enzyme undergoes extensive posttranslational modifications, including chondroitin sulfate attachment, N and O-linked glycosylation, and a two-step activation process. For the benefit of scientists who study the function of ADAMTS7 and its role in disease, this chapter provides an introduction to the chemical and functional properties of the various ADAMTS7 domains, as well as a protocol for the recombinant expression and purification of ADAMTS7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens de Groot
- Center for Hematology, Imperial College, London, UK.
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22
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Abstract
The ADAMTS superfamily comprises secreted metalloproteases (ADAMTS proteases) as well as structurally related secreted glycoproteins that lack catalytic activity (ADAMTS-like proteins). Members of both families participate in diverse morphogenetic processes during embryonic development, and connective tissue maintenance and hemostasis in the adult. Several ADAMTS proteins are heavily implicated in genetic and acquired human and animal disorders. Despite these indicators of a profound biological and medical importance, detailed knowledge about their molecular structures, substrates, biological pathways, and biochemical mechanisms is significantly limited by unique intrinsic characteristics, which have led to several technical challenges. As a group, they are larger, more heavily modified, and harder to purify than other secreted proteases. In addition, idiosyncratic aspects of individual members are deserving of further investigation but can complicate their analysis. Here, some of the key concepts, challenges, and prospects in ADAMTS research are discussed in the context of the knowledge accumulated over the past two decades. Individual chapters in this volume of Methods in Molecular Biology provide practical solutions for surmounting these challenges. Since the biology of a protease is actually the biology of its substrates, there is considerable emphasis on purification of recombinant ADAMTS proteins, identification of their substrates and assays for their proteolytic activity.
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23
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Shcherbakova A, Preller M, Taft MH, Pujols J, Ventura S, Tiemann B, Buettner FF, Bakker H. C-mannosylation supports folding and enhances stability of thrombospondin repeats. eLife 2019; 8:52978. [PMID: 31868591 PMCID: PMC6954052 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated importance of C-mannosylation for efficient protein secretion. To study its impact on protein folding and stability, we analyzed both C-mannosylated and non-C-mannosylated thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs) of netrin receptor UNC-5. In absence of C-mannosylation, UNC-5 TSRs could only be obtained at low temperature and a significant proportion displayed incorrect intermolecular disulfide bridging, which was hardly observed when C-mannosylated. Glycosylated TSRs exhibited higher resistance to thermal and reductive denaturation processes, and the presence of C-mannoses promoted the oxidative folding of a reduced and denatured TSR in vitro. Molecular dynamics simulations supported the experimental studies and showed that C-mannoses can be involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonding and limit the flexibility of the TSR tryptophan-arginine ladder. We propose that in the endoplasmic reticulum folding process, C-mannoses orient the underlying tryptophan residues and facilitate the formation of the tryptophan-arginine ladder, thereby influencing the positioning of cysteines and disulfide bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuel H Taft
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jordi Pujols
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Birgit Tiemann
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk Fr Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Bakker
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Hunt R, Hettiarachchi G, Katneni U, Hernandez N, Holcomb D, Kames J, Alnifaidy R, Lin B, Hamasaki-Katagiri N, Wesley A, Kafri T, Morris C, Bouché L, Panico M, Schiller T, Ibla J, Bar H, Ismail A, Morris H, Komar A, Kimchi-Sarfaty C. A Single Synonymous Variant (c.354G>A [p.P118P]) in ADAMTS13 Confers Enhanced Specific Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225734. [PMID: 31731663 PMCID: PMC6888508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synonymous variants within coding regions may influence protein expression and function. We have previously reported increased protein expression levels ex vivo (~120% in comparison to wild-type) from a synonymous polymorphism variant, c.354G>A [p.P118P], of the ADAMTS13 gene, encoding a plasma protease responsible for von Willebrand Factor (VWF) degradation. In the current study, we investigated the potential mechanism(s) behind the increased protein expression levels from this variant and its effect on ADAMTS13 physico-chemical properties. Cell-free assays showed enhanced translation of the c.354G>A variant and the analysis of codon usage characteristics suggested that introduction of the frequently used codon/codon pair(s) may have been potentially responsible for this effect. Limited proteolysis, however, showed no substantial influence of altered translation on protein conformation. Analysis of post-translational modifications also showed no notable differences but identified three previously unreported glycosylation markers. Despite these similarities, p.P118P variant unexpectedly showed higher specific activity. Structural analysis using modeled interactions indicated that subtle conformational changes arising from altered translation kinetics could affect interactions between an exosite of ADAMTS13 and VWF resulting in altered specific activity. This report highlights how a single synonymous nucleotide variation can impact cellular expression and specific activity in the absence of measurable impact on protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hunt
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Gaya Hettiarachchi
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Upendra Katneni
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Nancy Hernandez
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - David Holcomb
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jacob Kames
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Redab Alnifaidy
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Nobuko Hamasaki-Katagiri
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Aaron Wesley
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Present Address: Department of Emergency Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Tal Kafri
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Laura Bouché
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Present Address: Antikor Biopharma Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Maria Panico
- BioPharmaSpec Ltd., St. Saviour JE2 7LA, UK or or
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tal Schiller
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Juan Ibla
- Departments of Cardiac Surgery and Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haim Bar
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Amra Ismail
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Howard Morris
- BioPharmaSpec Ltd., St. Saviour JE2 7LA, UK or or
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anton Komar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty
- Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(240)-402-8203
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25
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C‑mannosylation of R‑spondin2 activates Wnt/β‑catenin signaling and migration activity in human tumor cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2127-2138. [PMID: 30942431 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
R‑spondin2 (Rspo2), one of the four members of the R‑spondin family of proteins, has agonistic activity in the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, and it is associated with normal development, as well as disease, such as cancer. The present study focused on the C‑mannosylation of Rspo2, which is a novel and unique type of glycosylation that occurs via a C‑C linkage between the tryptophan residue and an α‑mannose. Although Rspo2 has two putative C‑mannosylation sites at residues Trp150 and Trp153, it had not been reported to date whether these sites are C‑mannosylated. Firstly, results from mass spectrometry demonstrated that Rspo2 was C‑mannosylated at the Trp150 and Trp153 residues. Notably, while this C‑mannosylation of Rspo2 resulted in increased extracellular secretion in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, in other human tumor cell lines it inhibited secretion. However, C‑mannosylation had consistent effects on the activation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in PANC1 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells, as well as HT1080 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of wild‑type Rspo2 significantly increased the migratory ability of A549 and HT1080 cells, whereas overexpression of a C‑mannosylation‑defective mutant enhanced migration to a lesser degree. These results suggested that C‑mannosylation of Rspo2 may promote cancer progression and that the inhibition of C‑mannosylation may serve as a potential novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy.
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Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites are amongst the most prevalent and morbidity-causing pathogens worldwide. They are responsible for severe diseases in humans and livestock and are thus of great public health and economic importance. Until the sequencing of apicomplexan genomes at the beginning of this century, the occurrence of N- and O-glycoproteins in these parasites was much debated. The synthesis of rudimentary and divergent N-glycans due to lineage-specific gene loss is now well established and has been recently reviewed. Here, we will focus on recent studies that clarified classical O-glycosylation pathways and described new nucleocytosolic glycosylations in Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agents of toxoplasmosis. We will also review the glycosylation of proteins containing thrombospondin type 1 repeats by O-fucosylation and C-mannosylation, newly discovered in Toxoplasma and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The functional significance of these post-translational modifications has only started to emerge, but the evidence points towards roles for these protein glycosylation pathways in tissue cyst wall rigidity and persistence in the host, oxygen sensing, and stability of proteins involved in host invasion.
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Bandini G, Leon DR, Hoppe CM, Zhang Y, Agop-Nersesian C, Shears MJ, Mahal LK, Routier FH, Costello CE, Samuelson J. O-Fucosylation of thrombospondin-like repeats is required for processing of microneme protein 2 and for efficient host cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1967-1983. [PMID: 30538131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that causes disseminated infections that can produce neurological damage in fetuses and immunocompromised individuals. Microneme protein 2 (MIC2), a member of the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) family, is a secreted protein important for T. gondii motility, host cell attachment, invasion, and egress. MIC2 contains six thrombospondin type I repeats (TSRs) that are modified by C-mannose and O-fucose in Plasmodium spp. and mammals. Here, using MS analysis, we found that the four TSRs in T. gondii MIC2 with protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) acceptor sites are modified by a dHexHex disaccharide, whereas Trp residues within three TSRs are also modified with C-mannose. Disruption of genes encoding either POFUT2 or the putative GDP-fucose transporter (NST2) resulted in loss of MIC2 O-fucosylation, as detected by an antibody against the GlcFuc disaccharide, and in markedly reduced cellular levels of MIC2. Furthermore, in 10-15% of the Δpofut2 or Δnst2 vacuoles, MIC2 accumulated earlier in the secretory pathway rather than localizing to micronemes. Dissemination of tachyzoites in human foreskin fibroblasts was reduced for these knockouts, which both exhibited defects in attachment to and invasion of host cells comparable with the Δmic2 phenotype. These results, indicating that O-fucosylation of TSRs is required for efficient processing of MIC2 and for normal parasite invasion, are consistent with the recent demonstration that Plasmodium falciparum Δpofut2 strain has decreased virulence and also support a conserved role for this glycosylation pathway in quality control of TSR-containing proteins in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bandini
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Deborah R Leon
- the Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Carolin M Hoppe
- the Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yue Zhang
- the Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and
| | - Carolina Agop-Nersesian
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Melanie J Shears
- the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Lara K Mahal
- the Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and
| | - Françoise H Routier
- the Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Catherine E Costello
- the Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - John Samuelson
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,
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Niwa Y, Simizu S. C-Mannosylation: Previous Studies and Future Research Perspectives. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1755.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Niwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
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Hoppe CM, Albuquerque-Wendt A, Bandini G, Leon DR, Shcherbakova A, Buettner FFR, Izquierdo L, Costello CE, Bakker H, Routier FH. Apicomplexan C-Mannosyltransferases Modify Thrombospondin Type I-containing Adhesins of the TRAP Family. Glycobiology 2018; 28:333-343. [PMID: 29432542 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many metazoan species, an unusual type of protein glycosylation, called C-mannosylation, occurs on adhesive thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs) and type I cytokine receptors. This modification has been shown to be catalyzed by the Caenorhabditis elegans DPY-19 protein and orthologues of the encoding gene were found in the genome of apicomplexan parasites. Lately, the micronemal adhesin thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP) was shown to be C-hexosylated in Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Here, we demonstrate that also the micronemal protein MIC2 secreted by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites is C-hexosylated. When expressed in a mammalian cell line deficient in C-mannosylation, P. falciparum and T. gondii Dpy19 homologs were able to modify TSR domains of the micronemal adhesins TRAP/MIC2 family involved in parasite motility and invasion. In vitro, the apicomplexan enzymes can transfer mannose to a WXXWXXC peptide but, in contrast to C. elegans or mammalian C-mannosyltransferases, are inactive on a short WXXW peptide. Since TSR domains are commonly found in apicomplexan surface proteins, C-mannosylation may be a common modification in this phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M Hoppe
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreia Albuquerque-Wendt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulia Bandini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Deborah R Leon
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aleksandra Shcherbakova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), University of Barcelona, Carrer Rosselo 149-153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hans Bakker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Françoise H Routier
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry OE4340, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Ling J, Ma Z, Liu L, Yin J, Su J, Shen F, Xie L, Hu S. Identification of a crucial tryptophan residue in ADAMTS13 required for its secretion and enzymatic activity. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1181-1186. [PMID: 29920743 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Children's Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics; Clinical Medical Research Center of Jiangsu Province; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Jie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Jian Su
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Fei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Liqian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Children's Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
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Otani K, Niwa Y, Suzuki T, Sato N, Sasazawa Y, Dohmae N, Simizu S. Regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor-mediated granulocytic differentiation by C-mannosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:466-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Niwa Y, Nakano Y, Suzuki T, Yamagishi M, Otani K, Dohmae N, Simizu S. Topological analysis of DPY19L3, a human C-mannosyltransferase. FEBS J 2018; 285:1162-1174. [PMID: 29405629 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
C-mannosylation is a rare type of protein glycosylation, the functions and mechanisms of which remain unclear. Recently, we identified DPY19L3 as a C-mannosyltransferase of R-spondin1 in human cells. DPY19L3 is predicted to be a multipass transmembrane protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); however, its structure is undetermined. In this study, we propose a topological structure of DPY19L3 by in silico analysis and experimental methods such as redox-sensitive luciferase assay and introduction of N-glycosylation sites, suggesting that DPY19L3 comprises 11 transmembrane regions and two re-entrant loops with the N- and C-terminal ends facing the cytoplasm and ER lumen, respectively. Furthermore, DPY19L3 has four predicted N-glycosylation sites, and we have demonstrated that DPY19L3 is N-glycosylated at Asn118 and Asn704 but not Asn319 and Asn439 , supporting our topological model. By mass spectrometry, we measured the C-mannosyltransferase activity of N-glycosylation-defective mutants of DPY19L3 and isoform2, a splice variant, which lacks the C-terminal luminal region of DPY19L3. Isoform2 does not possess C-mannosyltransferase activity, indicating the importance of the C-terminal region; however, N-glycosylations of DPY19L3 do not have any roles for its enzymatic activity. These novel findings on DPY19L3 provide important insights into the mechanism of C-mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Niwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Mizuo Yamagishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Otani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
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Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL. Gel-forming mucin interactome drives mucus viscoelasticity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 252:69-82. [PMID: 29329667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a hydrogel that constitutes the first innate defense in all mammals. The main organic component of mucus, gel-forming mucins, forms a complex network through both reversible and irreversible interactions that drive mucus gel formation. Significant advances in the understanding of irreversible gel-forming mucins assembly have been made using recombinant protein approaches. However, little is known about the reversible interactions that may finely modulate mucus viscoelasticity, which can be characterized using rheology. This approach can be used to investigate both the nature of gel-forming mucins interactions and factors that influence hydrogel formation. This knowledge is directly relevant to the development of new drugs to modulate mucus viscoelasticity and to restore normal mucus functions in diseases such as in cystic fibrosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the mucus protein matrix and its functions, with emphasis on mucus viscoelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Enrichment and characterization of a bacterial mixture capable of utilizing C-mannosyl tryptophan as a carbon source. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:165-176. [PMID: 29335800 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
C-Mannosylation, a protein-modification found in various eukaryotes, involves the attachment of a single mannose molecule to selected tryptophan residues of proteins. Since C-mannosyl tryptophan (CMW) was detected in human urine, it is generally thought that CMW is not catabolized inside our body and instead is excreted via the urine. This paper reports enrichment of a bacterial consortium from soil that degrades CMW. The bacteria grew in minimal medium supplemented with CMW as the carbon source. Interestingly, even after successive clonal picks of individual colonies, several species were still present in each colony as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, indicating that a single species may not be responsible for this activity. A next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was therefore carried out in order to determine which bacteria were responsible for the catabolism of CMW. It was found that a species of Sphingomonadaceae family, but not others, increased with simultaneous decrease of CMW in the media, suggesting that this species is most likely the one that is actively involved in the degradation of CMW.
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35
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Dutta D, Mandal C, Mandal C. Unusual glycosylation of proteins: Beyond the universal sequon and other amino acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3096-3108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Functional characterization of zebrafish orthologs of the human Beta 3-Glucosyltransferase B3GLCT gene mutated in Peters Plus Syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184903. [PMID: 28926587 PMCID: PMC5604996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peters Plus Syndrome (PPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by ocular defects, short stature, brachydactyly, characteristic facial features, developmental delay and other highly variable systemic defects. Classic PPS is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the B3GLCT gene encoding for a β3-glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the attachment of glucose via a β1–3 glycosidic linkage to O-linked fucose on thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs). B3GLCT was shown to participate in a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism; however, the exact molecular processes affected in PPS are not well understood. Here we report the identification and characterization of two zebrafish orthologs of the human B3GLCT gene, b3glcta and b3glctb. The b3glcta and b3glctb genes encode for 496-aa and 493-aa proteins with 65% and 57% identity to human B3GLCT, respectively. Expression studies demonstrate that both orthologs are widely expressed with strong presence in embryonic tissues affected in PPS. In vitro glucosylation assays demonstrated that extracts from wildtype embryos contain active b3glct enzyme capable of transferring glucose from UDP-glucose to an O-fucosylated TSR, indicating functional conservation with human B3GLCT. To determine the developmental role of the zebrafish genes, single and double b3glct knockouts were generated using TALEN-induced genome editing. Extracts from double homozygous b3glct-/- embryos demonstrated complete loss of in vitro b3glct activity. Surprisingly, b3glct-/- homozygous fish developed normally. Transcriptome analyses of head and trunk tissues of b3glct-/- 24-hpf embryos identified 483 shared differentially regulated transcripts that may be involved in compensation for b3glct function in these embryos. The presented data show that both sequence and function of B3GLCT/b3glct genes is conserved in vertebrates. At the same time, complete b3glct deficiency in zebrafish appears to be inconsequential and possibly compensated for by a yet unknown mechanism.
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Ngo K, Patil P, McGowan SJ, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Kang J, Sowa G, Vo N. Senescent intervertebral disc cells exhibit perturbed matrix homeostasis phenotype. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 166:16-23. [PMID: 28830687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging greatly increases the risk for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) as a result of proteoglycan loss due to reduced synthesis and enhanced degradation of the disc matrix proteoglycan (PG). How disc matrix PG homeostasis becomes perturbed with age is not known. The goal of this study is to determine whether cellular senescence is a source of this perturbation. We demonstrated that disc cellular senescence is dramatically increased in the DNA repair-deficient Ercc1-/Δ mouse model of human progeria. In these accelerated aging mice, increased disc cellular senescence is closely associated with the rapid loss of disc PG. We also directly examine PG homeostasis in oxidative damage-induced senescent human cells using an in vitro cell culture model system. Senescence of human disc cells treated with hydrogen peroxide was confirmed by growth arrest, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, γH2AX foci, and acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescent human disc cells also exhibited perturbed matrix PG homeostasis as evidenced by their decreased capacity to synthesize new matrix PG and enhanced degradation of aggrecan, a major matrix PG. of the disc. Our in vivo and in vitro findings altogether suggest that disc cellular senescence is an important driver of PG matrix homeostatic perturbation and PG loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ngo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prashanti Patil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the TSRI Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the TSRI Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the TSRI Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - James Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 5th Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Hendee K, Wang LW, Reis LM, Rice GM, Apte SS, Semina EV. Identification and functional analysis of an ADAMTSL1 variant associated with a complex phenotype including congenital glaucoma, craniofacial, and other systemic features in a three-generation human pedigree. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1485-1490. [PMID: 28722276 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Developmental glaucoma can occur as an isolated or syndromic condition and is genetically heterogeneous. We describe a three-generation family affected with developmental glaucoma, myopia, and/or retinal defects associated with variable craniofacial/dental, auditory, brain, renal, and limb anomalies. Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous c.124T> C, p.(Trp42Arg) allele in ADAMTSL1; cosegregation analysis confirmed the presence of this allele in four affected family members. The mutation affects a highly conserved residue and is strongly predicted to have a deleterious effect on protein function. Trp42 is normally modified by protein C-mannosylation, an unusual post-translational modification. Comparison of ADAMTSL1-WT (also known as punctin-1) and ADAMTSL1-p.Trp42Arg in vitro demonstrated that the latter was not secreted from transfected cells but retained intracellularly. Moreover, ADAMTSL1-p.Trp42Arg reduced secretion of cotransfected wild-type ADAMTSL1, suggesting a dominant negative effect for this mutation. These data imply a multisystem role for ADAMTSL1 and present the first disease-associated variant affecting a C-mannosylation motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hendee
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren Weiping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gregory M Rice
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Proteogenomic analysis of the total and surface-exposed proteomes of Plasmodium vivax salivary gland sporozoites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005791. [PMID: 28759593 PMCID: PMC5552340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause the majority of human malaria cases. Research efforts predominantly focus on P. falciparum because of the clinical severity of infection and associated mortality rates. However, P. vivax malaria affects more people in a wider global range. Furthermore, unlike P. falciparum, P. vivax can persist in the liver as dormant hypnozoites that can be activated weeks to years after primary infection, causing relapse of symptomatic blood stages. This feature makes P. vivax unique and difficult to eliminate with the standard tools of vector control and treatment of symptomatic blood stage infection with antimalarial drugs. Infection by Plasmodium is initiated by the mosquito-transmitted sporozoite stage, a highly motile invasive cell that targets hepatocytes in the liver. The most advanced malaria vaccine for P. falciparum (RTS,S, a subunit vaccine containing of a portion of the major sporozoite surface protein) conferred limited protection in Phase III trials, falling short of WHO-established vaccine efficacy goals. However, blocking the sporozoite stage of infection in P. vivax, before the establishment of the chronic liver infection, might be an effective malaria vaccine strategy to reduce the occurrence of relapsing blood stages. It is also thought that a multivalent vaccine comprising multiple sporozoite surface antigens will provide better protection, but a comprehensive analysis of proteins in P. vivax sporozoites is not available. To inform sporozoite-based vaccine development, we employed mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify nearly 2,000 proteins present in P. vivax salivary gland sporozoites. Analysis of protein post-translational modifications revealed extensive phosphorylation of glideosome proteins as well as regulators of transcription and translation. Additionally, the sporozoite surface proteins CSP and TRAP, which were recently discovered to be glycosylated in P. falciparum salivary gland sporozoites, were also observed to be similarly modified in P. vivax sporozoites. Quantitative comparison of the P. vivax and P. falciparum salivary gland sporozoite proteomes revealed a high degree of similarity in protein expression levels, including among invasion-related proteins. Nevertheless, orthologs with significantly different expression levels between the two species could be identified, as well as highly abundant, species-specific proteins with no known orthologs. Finally, we employed chemical labeling of live sporozoites to isolate and identify 36 proteins that are putatively surface-exposed on P. vivax salivary gland sporozoites. In addition to identifying conserved sporozoite surface proteins identified by similar analyses of other Plasmodium species, our analysis identified several as-yet uncharacterized proteins, including a putative 6-Cys protein with no known ortholog in P. falciparum. Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world with hundreds of millions of new cases every year. Malaria is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium which have a complex life cycle, alternating between mosquito and mammalian hosts. Human infections are initiated with a sporozoite inoculum deposited into the skin by parasite-infected mosquitoes as they probe for blood. Sporozoites must locate blood vessels and enter the circulation to reach the liver where they invade and grow in hepatocytes. In the case of Plasmodium vivax, one of the two Plasmodium species responsible for the majority of the disease burden in the world, the parasite has the ability to persist for months in the liver after the initial infection and its activation causes the recurring appearance of the parasite in the blood. Though all clinical symptoms are attributable to the blood stages, it is only by attacking the transmission stages before the formation of hypnozoites (the persisting parasites in the liver) that an impact on the burden of vivax malaria can be achieved. We used state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics tools to identify the total protein make-up of P. vivax sporozoites. By analyzing which proteins are exposed to the parasite surface and determining the degree of protein’s post-translational modifications, our investigation will aid the understanding of the novel biology of sporozoites and importantly, advise the development of potential vaccine candidates targeting this parasite stage.
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The ADAMTS hyalectanase family: biological insights from diverse species. Biochem J 2017; 473:2011-22. [PMID: 27407170 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type-1 motifs (ADAMTS) family of metzincins are complex secreted proteins that have diverse functions during development. The hyalectanases (ADAMTS1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15 and 20) are a subset of this family that have enzymatic activity against hyalectan proteoglycans, the processing of which has important implications during development. This review explores the evolution, expression and developmental functions of the ADAMTS family, focusing on the ADAMTS hyalectanases and their substrates in diverse species. This review gives an overview of how the family and their substrates evolved from non-vertebrates to mammals, the expression of the hyalectanases and substrates in different species and their functions during development, and how these functions are conserved across species.
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Okamoto S, Murano T, Suzuki T, Uematsu S, Niwa Y, Sasazawa Y, Dohmae N, Bujo H, Simizu S. Regulation of secretion and enzymatic activity of lipoprotein lipase by C -mannosylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:558-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sheu MJ, Hsieh MJ, Chou YE, Wang PH, Yeh CB, Yang SF, Lee HL, Liu YF. Effects of ADAMTS14 genetic polymorphism and cigarette smoking on the clinicopathologic development of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172506. [PMID: 28231306 PMCID: PMC5322915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ADAMTS14 is a member of the ADAMTS (adisintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs), which are proteolytic enzymes with a variety of further ancillary domain in the C-terminal region for substrate specificity and enzyme localization via extracellular matrix association. However, whether ADAMTS14 genetic variants play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility remains unknown. Methodology/Principal findings Four non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of the ADAMTS14 gene were examined from 680 controls and 340 patients with HCC. Among 141 HCC patients with smoking behaviour, we found significant associations of the rs12774070 (CC+AA vs CC) and rs61573157 (CT+TT vs CC) variants with a clinical stage of HCC (OR: 2.500 and 2.767; 95% CI: 1.148–5.446 and 1.096–6.483; P = 0.019 and 0.026, respectively) and tumour size (OR: 2.387 and 2.659; 95% CI: 1.098–5.188 and 1.055–6.704; P = 0.026 and 0.034, respectively), but not with lymph node metastasis or other clinical statuses. Moreover, an additional integrated in silico analysis proposed that rs12774070 and rs61573157 affected essential post-translation O-glycosylation site within the 3rd thrombospondin type 1 repeat and a novel proline-rich region embedded within the C-terminal extension, respectively. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest an involvement of ADAMTS14 SNP rs12774070 and rs61573157 in the liver tumorigenesis and implicate the ADAMTS14 gene polymorphism as a predict factor during the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jen Sheu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hui Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Deptartment of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Sciences and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Distinct C-mannosylation of netrin receptor thrombospondin type 1 repeats by mammalian DPY19L1 and DPY19L3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:2574-2579. [PMID: 28202721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613165114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs) occur in diverse proteins involved in adhesion and signaling. The two extracellular TSRs of the netrin receptor UNC5A contain WxxWxxWxxC motifs that can be C-mannosylated on all tryptophans. A single C-mannosyltransferase (dumpy-19, DPY-19), modifying the first two tryptophans, occurs in Caenorhabditis elegans, but four putative enzymes (DPY-19-like 1-4, DPY19L1-4) exist in mammals. Single and triple CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of the three homologs that are expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (DPY19L1, DPY19L3, and DPY19L4) and complementation experiments with mouse homologs showed that DPY19L1 preferentially mannosylates the first two tryptophans and DPY19L3 prefers the third, whereas DPY19L4 has no function in TSR glycosylation. Mannosylation by DPY19L1 but not DPY19L3 is required for transport of UNC5A from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. In vertebrates, a new C-mannosyltransferase has apparently evolved to increase glycosylation of TSRs, potentially to increase the stability of the structurally essential tryptophan ladder or to provide additional adhesion functions.
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Identification of glycans on plasma-derived ADAMTS13. Blood 2016; 128:e51-e58. [PMID: 27574189 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-720912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura develop autoantibodies directed toward the plasma glycoprotein ADAMTS13. Here, we studied the glycan composition of plasma-derived ADAMTS13. Purified ADAMTS13 was reduced, alkylated, and processed into peptides with either trypsin or chymotrypsin. Glycopeptides were enriched using zwitterionic HILIC zip-tips and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry employing higher-energy collision dissociation fragmentation. Upon detection of a diagnostic ion of a glycan fragment, electron transfer dissociation fragmentation was performed on the same precursor ion. The majority of N-linked glycans were of the complex type containing terminal sialic acids and fucose residues. A high mannose-containing glycan was attached to Asn614 in the spacer domain. Six O-linked glycans mostly terminating in sialic acid were found dispersed over ADAMTS13. Five O-linked glycans were attached to a Ser and one to Thr. All 6 O-linked glycans contained a terminal sialic acid. O-fucosylation is a common posttranslational modification of thrombospondin type 1 repeats. We identified 7 O-fucosylation sites in the thrombospondin (TSP) type 1 repeats. Unexpectedly, one additional O-fucosylation site was found in the disintegrin domain. This O-fucosylation site did not meet the proposed consensus sequence CSX(S/T)CG. C-mannosylation sites were identified in TSP1, linker TSP4-TSP5, and TSP8. Overall, our findings highlight the complexity of glycan modifications on ADAMTS13, which may have implications for its interaction with immune- or clearance receptors containing carbohydrate recognition domains.
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Swearingen KE, Lindner SE, Shi L, Shears MJ, Harupa A, Hopp CS, Vaughan AM, Springer TA, Moritz RL, Kappe SHI, Sinnis P. Interrogating the Plasmodium Sporozoite Surface: Identification of Surface-Exposed Proteins and Demonstration of Glycosylation on CSP and TRAP by Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005606. [PMID: 27128092 PMCID: PMC4851412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasite infection is initiated by the mosquito-transmitted sporozoite stage, a highly motile invasive cell that targets hepatocytes in the liver for infection. A promising approach to developing a malaria vaccine is the use of proteins located on the sporozoite surface as antigens to elicit humoral immune responses that prevent the establishment of infection. Very little of the P. falciparum genome has been considered as potential vaccine targets, and candidate vaccines have been almost exclusively based on single antigens, generating the need for novel target identification. The most advanced malaria vaccine to date, RTS,S, a subunit vaccine consisting of a portion of the major surface protein circumsporozoite protein (CSP), conferred limited protection in Phase III trials, falling short of community-established vaccine efficacy goals. In striking contrast to the limited protection seen in current vaccine trials, sterilizing immunity can be achieved by immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites, suggesting that more potent protection may be achievable with a multivalent protein vaccine. Here, we provide the most comprehensive analysis to date of proteins located on the surface of or secreted by Plasmodium falciparum salivary gland sporozoites. We used chemical labeling to isolate surface-exposed proteins on sporozoites and identified these proteins by mass spectrometry. We validated several of these targets and also provide evidence that components of the inner membrane complex are in fact surface-exposed and accessible to antibodies in live sporozoites. Finally, our mass spectrometry data provide the first direct evidence that the Plasmodium surface proteins CSP and TRAP are glycosylated in sporozoites, a finding that could impact the selection of vaccine antigens. Malaria remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the world, responsible for an estimated 500 million new cases and 600,000 deaths annually. The etiologic agents of the disease are protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium that have a complex cycle between mosquito and mammalian hosts. Though all clinical symptoms are attributable to the blood stages, it is only by attacking the transmission stages that we can make an impact on the economic and health burdens of malaria. Infection is initiated when mosquitoes inoculate sporozoites into the skin as they probe for blood. Sporozoites must locate blood vessels and enter the circulation to reach the liver where they invade and grow in hepatocytes. The inoculum is low and these early stages of infection are asymptomatic. Though the small amounts of material available for study has made large scale -omics studies difficult, killing the parasite at this stage would prevent infection and block downstream transmission to mosquitoes, thus preventing spread of disease. Here we use state-of-the-art biochemistry tools to identify the proteins on the sporozoite surface and find that two of the most studied proteins, CSP and TRAP, have post-translational modifications. These studies will aid investigations into the novel biology of sporozoites and importantly, significantly expand the pool of potential vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott E. Lindner
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lirong Shi
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melanie J. Shears
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anke Harupa
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christine S. Hopp
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. Vaughan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Robert L. Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RLM); (SHIK); (PS)
| | - Stefan H. I. Kappe
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RLM); (SHIK); (PS)
| | - Photini Sinnis
- Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RLM); (SHIK); (PS)
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Niwa Y, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Simizu S. Identification of DPY19L3 as the C-mannosyltransferase of R-spondin1 in human cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:744-56. [PMID: 26764097 PMCID: PMC4803301 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-06-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously reported that human DPY19L3 is the C-mannosyltransferase of R-spondin1 at Trp-156. It is shown here that DPY19 family members have substrate specificity, providing insight into the function of C-mannosylation in cells. R-spondin1 (Rspo1) is a secreted protein that enhances Wnt signaling, which has crucial functions in embryonic development and several cancers. C-mannosylation is a rare type of glycosylation and might regulate secretion, protein–protein interactions, and enzymatic activity. Although human Rspo1 contains 2 predicted C-mannosylation sites, C-mannosylation of Rspo1 has not been reported, nor have its functional effects on this protein. In this study, we demonstrate by mass spectrometry that Rspo1 is C-mannosylated at W153 and W156. Using Lec15.2 cells, which lack dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthesis activity, and mutant Rspo1-expressing cells that replace W153 and W156 by alanine residues, we observed that C-mannosylation of Rspo1 is required for its secretion. Further, the enhancement of canonical Wnt signaling by Rspo1 is regulated by C-mannosylation. Recently DPY19 was reported to be a C-mannosyltransferase in Caenorhabditis elegans, but no C-mannosyltransferases have been identified in any other organism. In gain- and loss-of-function experiments, human DPY19L3 selectively modified Rspo1 at W156 but not W153 based on mass spectrometry. Moreover, knockdown of DPY19L3 inhibited the secretion of Rspo1. In conclusion, we identified DPY19L3 as the C-mannosyltransferase of Rspo1 at W156 and found that DPY19L3-mediated C-mannosylation of Rspo1 at W156 is required for its secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Niwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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C-mannosylation of thrombopoietin receptor (c-Mpl) regulates thrombopoietin-dependent JAK-STAT signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:262-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
N-Glycosylation has long been linked to protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recent work has shown that O-linked glycosylation and the corresponding glycosyltransferases also participate in this important function. Notably, Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Ofut1/Pofut1), a soluble, ER localized enzyme that fucosylates Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF) repeats, functions as a chaperone involved in the proper localization of the Notch receptor in certain contexts. Pofut2, a related enzyme that modifies Thrombospondin type I repeats (TSRs), has also been hypothesized to play a role in the folding and quality control of TSR-containing proteins. Both enzymes only modify fully folded substrates suggesting that they are able to distinguish between folded and unfolded structures. Pofuts have known physiological relevance and are conserved across metazoans. Though consensus sequences for O-fucosylation have been established and structures of both Pofuts have been studied, the mechanism of how they participate in protein folding is not known. This article discusses past and recent advances made in novel roles for these protein O-glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, USA
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Dubail J, Apte SS. Insights on ADAMTS proteases and ADAMTS-like proteins from mammalian genetics. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:24-37. [PMID: 25770910 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian ADAMTS superfamily comprises 19 secreted metalloproteinases and 7 ADAMTS-like proteins, each the product of a distinct gene. Thus far, all appear to be relevant to extracellular matrix function or to cell-matrix interactions. Most ADAMTS functions first emerged from analysis of spontaneous human and animal mutations and genetically engineered animals. The clinical manifestations of Mendelian disorders resulting from mutations in ADAMTS2, ADAMTS10, ADAMTS13, ADAMTS17, ADAMTSL2 and ADAMTSL4 identified essential roles for each gene, but also suggested potential cooperative functions of ADAMTS proteins. These observations were extended by analysis of spontaneous animal mutations, such as in bovine ADAMTS2, canine ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17 and ADAMTSL2 and mouse ADAMTS20. These human and animal disorders are recessive and their manifestations appear to result from a loss-of-function mechanism. Genome-wide analyses have determined an association of some ADAMTS loci such as ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS7, with specific traits and acquired disorders. Analysis of genetically engineered rodent mutations, now achieved for over half the superfamily, has provided novel biological insights and animal models for the respective human genetic disorders and suggested potential candidate genes for related human phenotypes. Engineered mouse mutants have been interbred to generate combinatorial mutants, uncovering cooperative functions of ADAMTS proteins in morphogenesis. Specific genetic models have provided crucial insights on mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA), a common adult-onset degenerative condition. Engineered mutants will facilitate interpretation of exome variants identified in isolated birth defects and rare genetic conditions, as well as in genome-wide screens for trait and disease associations. Mammalian forward and reverse genetics, together with genome-wide analysis, together constitute a powerful force for revealing the functions of ADAMTS proteins in physiological pathways and health disorders. Their continuing use, together with genome-editing technology and the ability to generate stem cells from mutants, presents numerous opportunities for advancing basic knowledge, human disease pathways and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Vasudevan D, Takeuchi H, Johar SS, Majerus E, Haltiwanger RS. Peters plus syndrome mutations disrupt a noncanonical ER quality-control mechanism. Curr Biol 2014; 25:286-295. [PMID: 25544610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-fucose is added to cysteine-rich domains called thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs) by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) and is elongated with glucose by β3-glucosyltransferase (B3GLCT). Mutations in B3GLCT result in Peters plus syndrome (PPS), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by eye and other developmental defects. Although 49 putative targets are known, the function of the disaccharide and its role in PPS remain unexplored. RESULTS Here we show that while POFUT2 is required for secretion of all targets tested, B3GLCT only affects the secretion of a subset, consistent with the observation that B3GLCT mutant phenotypes in PPS patients are less severe than embryonic lethal phenotypes of Pofut2-null mice. O-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally, as TSRs fold. Mass spectral analysis reveals that TSRs from mature, secreted protein are stoichiometrically modified with the disaccharide, whereas TSRs from protein still folding in the ER are partially modified, suggesting that O-glycosylation marks folded TSRs and promotes ER exit. In vitro unfolding assays demonstrate that fucose and glucose stabilize folded TSRs in an additive manner. In vitro refolding assays under redox conditions showed that POFUT2 recognizes, glycosylates, and stabilizes the folded form of TSRs, resulting in a net acceleration of folding. CONCLUSIONS While known ER quality-control machinery rely on identifying and tagging unfolded proteins, we find that POFUT2 and B3GLCT mediate a noncanonical ER quality-control mechanism that recognizes folded TSRs and stabilizes them by glycosylation. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the defects observed in PPS and potential targets that contribute to the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 450 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 450 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Sumreet Singh Johar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 450 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Elaine Majerus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 450 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
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