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Wang C, Fan M, Heo SJ, Adams SM, Li T, Liu Y, Li Q, Loebel C, Alisafaei F, Burdick JA, Lu XL, Birk DE, Mauck RL, Han L. Structure-Mechanics Principles and Mechanobiology of Fibrocartilage Pericellular Matrix: A Pivotal Role of Type V Collagen. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600498. [PMID: 38979323 PMCID: PMC11230444 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) is the immediate microniche surrounding resident cells in various tissue types, regulating matrix turnover, cell-matrix cross-talk and disease initiation. This study elucidated the structure-mechanical properties and mechanobiological functions of the PCM in fibrocartilage, a family of connective tissues that sustain complex tensile and compressive loads in vivo. Studying the murine meniscus as the model tissue, we showed that fibrocartilage PCM contains thinner, random collagen fibrillar networks that entrap proteoglycans, a structure distinct from the densely packed, highly aligned collagen fibers in the bulk extracellular matrix (ECM). In comparison to the ECM, the PCM has a lower modulus and greater isotropy, but similar relative viscoelastic properties. In Col5a1 +/ D menisci, the reduction of collagen V, a minor collagen localized in the PCM, resulted in aberrant fibril thickening with increased heterogeneity. Consequently, the PCM exhibited a reduced modulus, loss of isotropy and faster viscoelastic relaxation. This disrupted PCM contributes to perturbed mechanotransduction of resident meniscal cells, as illustrated by reduced intracellular calcium signaling, as well as upregulated biosynthesis of lysyl oxidase and tenascin C. When cultured in vitro, Col5a1 +/ D meniscal cells synthesized a weakened nascent PCM, which had inferior properties towards protecting resident cells against applied tensile stretch. These findings underscore the PCM as a distinctive microstructure that governs fibrocartilage mechanobiology, and highlight the pivotal role of collagen V in PCM function. Targeting the PCM or its molecular constituents holds promise for enhancing not only meniscus regeneration and osteoarthritis intervention, but also addressing diseases across various fibrocartilaginous tissues.
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Gautam V, Rawat K, Sandhu A, Medhi B, Bhatia A, Kharbanda PS, Saha L. Evaluation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its modulators in repeated dose lithium-pilocarpine rat model of status epilepticus: An acute phase study. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176375. [PMID: 38307381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in epilepsy and the effects of its modulators as efficacious treatment options, though postulated, has not been sufficiently investigated. We evaluated the involvement of β-catenin and GSK-3β, the significant proteins in this pathway, in the lithium chloride-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model in rodents to study acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The modulators studied were 6-BIO, a GSK-3β inhibitor and Sulindac, a Dvl protein inhibitor. The disease group exhibited increased seizure score and seizure frequency, and the assessment of neurobehavioral parameters indicated notable alterations. Furthermore, histopathological examination of hippocampal brain tissues revealed significant neurodegeneration. Immunohistochemical study of hippocampus revealed neurogenesis in 6-BIO and sulindac groups. The gene and protein expression by RT-qPCR and western blotting studies indicated Wnt/β-catenin pathway downregulation and increased apoptosis in the acute phase of TLE. 6-BIO was very efficient in upregulating the Wnt pathway, decreasing neuronal damage, increasing neurogenesis in hippocampus and decreasing seizure score and frequency in comparison to sulindac. This suggests that both GSK-3β and β-catenin are potential and novel drug targets for acute phase of TLE, and treatment options targeting these proteins could be beneficial in successfully managing acute epilepsy. Further evaluation of 6-BIO to explore its therapeutic potential in other models of epilepsy should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Davis SN, Grindel SH, Viola JM, Liu GY, Liu J, Qian G, Porter CM, Hughes AJ. Nephron progenitors rhythmically alternate between renewal and differentiation phases that synchronize with kidney branching morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.21.568157. [PMID: 38045273 PMCID: PMC10690271 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney achieves massive parallelization of function by exponentially duplicating nephron-forming niches during development. Each niche caps a tip of the ureteric bud epithelium (the future urinary collecting duct tree) as it undergoes branching morphogenesis, while nephron progenitors within niches balance self-renewal and differentiation to early nephron cells. Nephron formation rate approximately matches branching rate over a large fraction of mouse gestation, yet the nature of this apparent pace-maker is unknown. Here we correlate spatial transcriptomics data with branching 'life-cycle' to discover rhythmically alternating signatures of nephron progenitor differentiation and renewal across Wnt, Hippo-Yap, retinoic acid (RA), and other pathways. We then find in human stem-cell derived nephron progenitor organoids that Wnt/β-catenin-induced differentiation is converted to a renewal signal when it temporally overlaps with YAP activation. Similar experiments using RA activation indicate a role in setting nephron progenitor exit from the naive state, the spatial extent of differentiation, and nephron segment bias. Together the data suggest that nephron progenitor interpretation of consistent Wnt/β-catenin differentiation signaling in the niche may be modified by rhythmic activity in ancillary pathways to set the pace of nephron formation. This would synchronize nephron formation with ureteric bud branching, which creates new sites for nephron condensation. Our data bring temporal resolution to the renewal vs. differentiation balance in the nephrogenic niche and inform new strategies to achieve self-sustaining nephron formation in synthetic human kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin N Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel H Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - John M Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace Y Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
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4
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Stark VA, Facey COB, Opdenaker LM, Fields JZ, Boman BM. Differential miRNA Expression Contributes to Emergence of Multiple Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Human Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2023; 13:582. [PMID: 38545373 PMCID: PMC10972542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
One reason for lack of efficacy in cancer therapeutics is tumor heterogeneity. We hypothesize that tumor heterogeneity arises due to emergence of multiple Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) subpopulations because miRNAs regulate expression of stem cell genes in CSCs. Our goal was to determine if: i) multiple CSC subpopulations exist in a human CRC cell population, and ii) miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different CSC subpopulations. We discovered that at least four different CSC populations (ALDH1, CD166, LGR5, and LRIG1) exist in the HT29 cell line. CSC subpopulations were quantified using co-staining for multiple stem cell markers, isolated using FACS, and analyzed by NanoString miRNA profiling. The miRNA expression pattern in each CSC subpopulation was analyzed relative to miRNA expression patterns in other CSC subpopulations. Messenger RNAs predicted to be targeted by the up-regulated miRNAs in each CSC subpopulation were: 1) identified using bioinformatics analyses, and 2) classified according to their predicted functions using David functional annotation analyses. We found multiple CSC subpopulations with a unique miRNA signature in each CSC subpopulation. Notably, the miRNAs expressed within one CSC subpopulation are predicted to target and down-regulate the CSC genes and pathways that establish the other CSC subpopulations. Moreover, mRNAs predicted to be targeted by miRNAs in the different CSC subpopulations have different cellular functional classifications. That different CSC subpopulations express miRNAs that are predicted to target CSC genes expressed in other CSC subpopulations provides a mechanism that might explain the co-existence of multiple CSC subpopulations, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Stark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
| | - Caroline O. B. Facey
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
| | - Lynn M. Opdenaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
| | | | - Bruce M. Boman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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Stark VA, Facey COB, Opdenaker L, Fields JZ, Boman BM. Differential miRNA Expression Contributes to Emergence of Multiple Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Human Colorectal Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.06.527341. [PMID: 36798319 PMCID: PMC9934564 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One reason for lack of efficacy in cancer therapeutics is tumor heterogeneity. We hypothesize that tumor heterogeneity arises due to emergence of multiple cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations because miRNAs regulate expression of stem cell genes in CSCs. Our goal was to determine if: i) multiple CSC subpopulations exist in a human CRC cell population, and ii) miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different CSC subpopulations. We discovered that at least four different CSC populations (ALDH1, CD166, LGR5, LRIG1) exist in the HT29 cell line. CSC subpopulations were quantified using co-staining for multiple stem cell markers, isolated using FACS, and analyzed by NanoString miRNA profiling. The miRNA expression pattern in each CSC subpopulation was analyzed relative to miRNA expression patterns in other CSC subpopulations. Messenger RNAs predicted to be targeted by the upregulated miRNAs in each CSC subpopulation were: 1) identified using bioinformatics analyses, and 2) classified according to their predicted functions using David functional annotation analyses. We found multiple CSC subpopulations with a unique miRNA signature in each CSC subpopulation. Notably, the miRNAs expressed within one CSC subpopulation are predicted to target and downregulate the CSC genes and pathways that establish the other CSC subpopulations. Moreover, mRNAs predicted to be targeted by miRNAs in the different CSC subpopulations have different cellular functional classifications. That different CSC subpopulations express miRNAs that are predicted to target CSC genes expressed in other CSC subpopulations provides a mechanism that might explain the co-existence of multiple CSC subpopulations, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Stark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Caroline O. B. Facey
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Lynn Opdenaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | | | - Bruce M. Boman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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6
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Xu M, Shen YM, Han XY, Liu C, Jiang Q, Cao X, Yan B. "One stone and two birds" strategy to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration by a novel retinoid drug, EYE-101. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109385. [PMID: 36638858 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a typical pathological feature of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and has become a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Current therapies require repeated intraocular injections of anti-VEGF drugs by inhibiting endothelial angiogenic effects, which is painful and may cause adverse effects on normal vascular and neuronal functions. Herein, we designed a novel retinoid drug, EYE-101, determined its therapeutic effects on CNV, and clarified the anti-angiogenic mechanism. The results show that administration of EYE-101 did not cause obvious cytotoxicity and ocular tissue toxicity at the concentrations less than 5 μM. Topical administration of EYE-101 could reduce choroidal sprouting, suppress laser-induced CNV formation, and decrease pericyte coverages on ocular vessels. Administration of EYE-101 also suppressed endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation and reduced pericyte proliferation, migration, recruitment towards endothelial cells. EYE-101 exerted its anti-angiogenic effects by targeting endothelial cells and pericytes via antagonizing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and PDGF signaling. Thus, EYE-101 administration may offer an"one stone and two birds" strategy for the prevention and treatment of ocular neovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Ming Shen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Han
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Brown G. Targeting the Retinoic Acid Pathway to Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032373. [PMID: 36768694 PMCID: PMC9916838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid is a morphogen during embryogenesis and a teratogen. Cancer is an error of development, and the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) for all-trans retinoic acid play a role in cancer. Expression of the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenases, which mediate the last step to the synthesis of all-trans retinoic acid, is deregulated in various human cancers. Inhibiting these enzymes using a variety of agents reduced the proliferation of lung cancer cells, reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis of ovarian, prostate, squamous, and uterine cancer cells, and sensitised breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. RARγ is an oncogene within some cases of AML, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. Pan-RAR and RARγ antagonist inhibition of the action of RARγ led to necroptosis of human prostate and pediatric brain tumour cancer stem cells. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with the flavenoid acacetin, which interferes with the action of RARγ, decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis. Targeting the retinoic acid pathway is promising regarding the development of new drugs to eradicate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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8
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Ruiz-Fernández C, González-Rodríguez M, Abella V, Francisco V, Cordero-Barreal A, Ait Eldjoudi D, Farrag Y, Pino J, Conde-Aranda J, González-Gay MÁ, Mera A, Mobasheri A, García-Caballero L, Gándara-Cortés M, Lago F, Scotece M, Gualillo O. WISP-2 modulates the induction of inflammatory mediators and cartilage catabolism in chondrocytes. J Transl Med 2022; 102:989-999. [PMID: 36775427 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt-1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP-2/CCN5) is a recently identified adipokine that has been described as an important mediator of canonical Wnt activation in adipogenic precursor cells. In osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of arthritis, chondrocytes exhibit aberrant and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators and matrix degrading enzymes such as IL-1β and MMP-13. Although recent evidence suggests a role for Wnt signaling in OA physiopathology, little is known about the involvement of WISP-2 in cartilage degradation. In the present study, we determined the expression of WISP-2 in healthy and OA human chondrocytes. WISP-2 expression is modulated along chondrocyte differentiation and downregulated at the onset of hypertrophy by inflammatory mediators. We also investigated the effect of WISP-2 on cartilage catabolism and performed WISP-2 loss-of-function experiments using RNA interference technology in human T/C-28a2 immortalized chondrocytes. We demonstrated that recombinant human WISP-2 protein reduced IL-1β-mediated chondrocyte catabolism, that IL-1β and WNT/b-catenin signaling pathways are involved in rhWISP-2 protein and IL-1β effects in human chondrocytes, and that WISP-2 has a regulatory role in attenuating the catabolic effects of IL-1β in chondrocytes. Gene silencing of WISP-2 increased the induction of the catabolic markers MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 and the inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 triggered by IL-1β in human primary OA chondrocytes in a Wnt/β-catenin dependent manner. In conclusion, here we have shown for the first time that WISP-2 may have relevant roles in modulating the turnover of extracellular matrix in the cartilage and that its downregulation may detrimentally alter the inflammatory environment in OA cartilage. We also proved the participation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in these processes. Thus, targeting WISP-2 might represent a potential therapeutical approach for degenerative and/or inflammatory diseases of musculoskeletal system, such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Doctoral Programme in Medicine Clinical Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- International PhD School of the University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), Doctoral Programme in Drug Research and Development, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa Abella
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vera Francisco
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yousof Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Conde-Aranda
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology Group, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Gay
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Antonio Mera
- SERGAS, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lucía García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences. School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marina Gándara-Cortés
- Department of Morphological Sciences. School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Lab, Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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9
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Fisk HL, Childs CE, Miles EA, Ayres R, Noakes PS, Paras-Chavez C, Antoun E, Lillycrop KA, Calder PC. Dysregulation of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Environment Modelling in Non-Insulin Resistant Obesity and Responses to Omega-3 Fatty Acids – A Double Blind, Randomised Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922654. [PMID: 35958557 PMCID: PMC9358040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with enhanced lipid accumulation and the expansion of adipose tissue accompanied by hypoxia and inflammatory signalling. Investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in people living with obesity in which metabolic complications such as insulin resistance are yet to manifest is limited, and the mechanisms by which these processes are dysregulated are not well elucidated. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to modulate the expression of genes associated with lipid accumulation and collagen deposition and reduce the number of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue from individuals with insulin resistance. Therefore, these lipids may have positive actions on obesity associated scWAT hypertrophy and inflammation. Methods To evaluate obesity-associated tissue remodelling and responses to LC n-3 PUFAs, abdominal scWAT biopsies were collected from normal weight individuals and those living with obesity prior to and following 12-week intervention with marine LC n-3 PUFAs (1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA daily). RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and histochemical staining were used to assess remodelling- and inflammatory-associated gene expression, tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. Results Obesity was associated with scWAT hypertrophy (P < 0.001), hypoxia, remodelling, and inflammatory macrophage infiltration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, we highlight the novel dysregulation of Wnt signalling in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs beneficially modulated the scWAT environment through downregulating the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and remodelling pathways (P <0.001), but there were altered outcomes in individuals living with obesity in comparison to normal weight individuals. Conclusion Our data identify dysregulation of Wnt signalling, hypoxia, and hypertrophy, and enhanced macrophage infiltration in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs modulate some of these processes, especially in normal weight individuals which may be preventative and limit the development of restrictive and inflammatory scWAT in the development of obesity. We conclude that a higher dose or longer duration of LC n-3 PUFA intervention may be needed to reduce obesity-associated scWAT inflammation and promote tissue homeostasis. Clinical Trial Registration www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN96712688.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L Fisk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Miles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Ayres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Noakes
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | | | - Elie Antoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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10
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Takaya K, Sunohara A, Aramaki-Hattori N, Sakai S, Okabe K, Kanazawa H, Asou T, Kishi K. Role of Wnt Signaling in Mouse Fetal Skin Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071536. [PMID: 35884841 PMCID: PMC9312897 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins secrete glycoproteins that are involved in various cellular processes to maintain homeostasis during development and adulthood. However, the expression and role of Wnt in wound healing have not been fully documented. Our previous studies have shown that, in an early-stage mouse fetus, no scarring occurred after cutaneous wounding, and complete regeneration was achieved. In this study, the expression and localization of Wnt proteins in a mouse fetal-wound-healing model and their associations with scar formation were analyzed. Wnt-related molecules were detected by in-situ hybridization, immunostaining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed altered expression of Wnt-related molecules during the wound-healing process. Moreover, scar formation was suppressed by Wnt inhibitors, suggesting that Wnt signaling may be involved in wound healing and scar formation. Thus, regulation of Wnt signaling may be a possible mechanism to control scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.S.); (N.A.-H.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-35-363-3814
| | - Ayano Sunohara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.S.); (N.A.-H.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Noriko Aramaki-Hattori
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.S.); (N.A.-H.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Shigeki Sakai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.S.); (N.A.-H.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.S.); (N.A.-H.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Hideko Kanazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Toru Asou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.S.); (N.A.-H.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (A.S.); (N.A.-H.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (T.A.); (K.K.)
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11
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Crofton KM, Bassan A, Behl M, Chushak YG, Fritsche E, Gearhart JM, Marty MS, Mumtaz M, Pavan M, Ruiz P, Sachana M, Selvam R, Shafer TJ, Stavitskaya L, Szabo DT, Szabo ST, Tice RR, Wilson D, Woolley D, Myatt GJ. Current status and future directions for a neurotoxicity hazard assessment framework that integrates in silico approaches. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 22:100223. [PMID: 35844258 PMCID: PMC9281386 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2022.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxicology is the study of adverse effects on the structure or function of the developing or mature adult nervous system following exposure to chemical, biological, or physical agents. The development of more informative alternative methods to assess developmental (DNT) and adult (NT) neurotoxicity induced by xenobiotics is critically needed. The use of such alternative methods including in silico approaches that predict DNT or NT from chemical structure (e.g., statistical-based and expert rule-based systems) is ideally based on a comprehensive understanding of the relevant biological mechanisms. This paper discusses known mechanisms alongside the current state of the art in DNT/NT testing. In silico approaches available today that support the assessment of neurotoxicity based on knowledge of chemical structure are reviewed, and a conceptual framework for the integration of in silico methods with experimental information is presented. Establishing this framework is essential for the development of protocols, namely standardized approaches, to ensure that assessments of NT and DNT based on chemical structures are generated in a transparent, consistent, and defendable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Bassan
- Innovatune srl, Via Giulio Zanon 130/D, 35129 Padova,
Italy
| | - Mamta Behl
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National
Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yaroslav G. Chushak
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military
Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental
Medicine & Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf,
Germany
| | - Jeffery M. Gearhart
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military
Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA
| | | | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US
Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuela Pavan
- Innovatune srl, Via Giulio Zanon 130/D, 35129 Padova,
Italy
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US
Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment
Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 75775
Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Rajamani Selvam
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational
Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Timothy J. Shafer
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center
for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Lidiya Stavitskaya
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational
Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dan Wilson
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA
| | | | - Glenn J. Myatt
- Instem, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
- Corresponding author.
(G.J. Myatt)
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12
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Garcia SA, Ng VY, Iwamoto M, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Osteochondroma Pathogenesis: Mouse Models and Mechanistic Insights into Interactions with Retinoid Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2042-2051. [PMID: 34809786 PMCID: PMC8647428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondromas are cartilage-capped tumors that arise near growing physes and are the most common benign bone tumor in children. Osteochondromas can lead to skeletal deformity, pain, loss of motion, and neurovascular compression. Currently, surgery is the only available treatment for symptomatic osteochondromas. Osteochondroma mouse models have been developed to understand the pathology and the origin of osteochondromas and develop therapeutic drugs. Several cartilage regulatory pathways have been implicated in the development of osteochondromas, such as bone morphogenetic protein, hedgehog, and WNT/β-catenin signaling. Retinoic acid receptor-γ is an important regulator of endochondral bone formation. Selective agonists for retinoic acid receptor-γ, such as palovarotene, have been investigated as drugs for inhibition of ectopic endochondral ossification, including osteochondromas. This review discusses the signaling pathways involved in osteochondroma pathogenesis and their possible interactions with the retinoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Arely Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vincent Y Ng
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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13
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Thulabandu V, Nehila T, Ferguson JW, Atit RP. Dermal EZH2 orchestrates dermal differentiation and epidermal proliferation during murine skin development. Dev Biol 2021; 478:25-40. [PMID: 34166654 PMCID: PMC8384472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin development and patterning is dependent on factors that regulate the stepwise differentiation of dermal fibroblasts concomitant with dermal-epidermal reciprocal signaling, two processes that are poorly understood. Here we show that dermal EZH2, the methyltransferase enzyme of the epigenetic Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), is a new coordinator of both these processes. Dermal EZH2 activity is present during dermal fibroblast differentiation and is required for spatially restricting Wnt/β-catenin signaling to reinforce dermal fibroblast cell fate. Later in development, dermal EZH2 regulates the expression of reticular dermal markers and initiation of secondary hair follicles. Embryos lacking dermal Ezh2 have elevated epidermal proliferation and differentiation that can be rescued by small molecule inhibition of retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Together, our study reveals that dermal EZH2 is acting like a rheostat to control the levels of Wnt/β-catenin and RA signaling to impact fibroblast differentiation cell autonomously and epidermal keratinocyte development non-cell autonomously, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy Nehila
- Dept. of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James W Ferguson
- Dept. of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Dept. of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Dept. of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Dept. of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Whitely ME, Collins PB, Iwamoto M, Wenke JC. Administration of a selective retinoic acid receptor-γ agonist improves neuromuscular strength in a rodent model of volumetric muscle loss. J Exp Orthop 2021; 8:58. [PMID: 34383202 PMCID: PMC8360252 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-021-00378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Volumetric muscle loss is a uniquely challenging pathology that results in irrecoverable functional deficits. Furthermore, a breakthrough drug or bioactive factor has yet to be established that adequately improves repair of these severe skeletal muscle injuries. This study sought to assess the ability of an orally administered selective retinoic acid receptor-γ agonist, palovarotene, to improve recovery of neuromuscular strength in a rat model of volumetric muscle loss. METHODS An irrecoverable, full thickness defect was created in the tibialis anterior muscle of Lewis rats and animals were survived for 4 weeks. Functional recovery of the tibialis anterior muscle was assessed in vivo via neural stimulation and determination of peak isometric torque. Histological staining was performed to qualitatively assess fibrous scarring of the defect site. RESULTS Treatment with the selective retinoic acid receptor-γ agonist, palovarotene, resulted in a 38% improvement of peak isometric torque in volumetric muscle loss affected limbs after 4 weeks of healing compared to untreated controls. Additionally, preliminary histological assessment suggests that oral administration of palovarotene reduced fibrous scarring at the defect site. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential role of selective retinoic acid receptor-γ agonists in the design of regenerative medicine platforms to maximize skeletal muscle healing. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate cellular responses, optimize therapeutic delivery, and characterize synergistic potential with adjunct therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Whitely
- Orthopaedic Trauma Department, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Building 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA
| | - Patrick B. Collins
- Orthopaedic Trauma Department, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Building 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Joseph C. Wenke
- Orthopaedic Trauma Department, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, Building 3611, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234 USA
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15
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Wong KR, Mychasiuk R, O'Brien TJ, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ, Brady RD. Neurological heterotopic ossification: novel mechanisms, prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic therapies. Bone Res 2020; 8:42. [PMID: 33298867 PMCID: PMC7725771 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a debilitating condition where bone forms in soft tissue, such as muscle surrounding the hip and knee, following an injury to the brain or spinal cord. This abnormal formation of bone can result in nerve impingement, pain, contractures and impaired movement. Patients are often diagnosed with NHO after the bone tissue has completely mineralised, leaving invasive surgical resection the only remaining treatment option. Surgical resection of NHO creates potential for added complications, particularly in patients with concomitant injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Although recent work has begun to shed light on the physiological mechanisms involved in NHO, there remains a significant knowledge gap related to the prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic treatments which are necessary to prevent NHO and optimise patient outcomes. This article reviews the current understanding pertaining to NHO epidemiology, pathobiology, biomarkers and treatment options. In particular, we focus on how concomitant CNS injury may drive ectopic bone formation and discuss considerations for treating polytrauma patients with NHO. We conclude that understanding of the pathogenesis of NHO is rapidly advancing, and as such, there is the strong potential for future research to unearth methods capable of identifying patients likely to develop NHO, and targeted treatments to prevent its manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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16
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Wang X, Chen N, Du Z, Ling Z, Zhang P, Yang J, Khaleel M, Khoury AN, Li J, Li S, Huang H, Zhou X, Han Y, Wei F. Bioinformatics analysis integrating metabolomics of m 6A RNA microarray in intervertebral disc degeneration. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1419-1441. [PMID: 32627576 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the potential functions and mechanism of N6.methyladenosine (m6A) abnormality of RNAs in nucleus pulposus from the intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Materials & methods: We performed rat model, m6A epitranscriptomic microarray, bioinformatics analysis and metabolomics. Results: In IDD, most of the differentially methylated RNAs showed a significant demethylation situation. The competing endogenous RNA network LOC102555094/miR-431/GSK-3β combining downstream Wnt pathway were identified in bioinformatics analysis. For metabolomics, activation of Wnt pathway led to reprogramming of glucose metabolism and enzyme activation of PKM2. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative real-time PCR revealed the positive correlation between demethylation of LOC102555094 and expression of both FTO and ZFP217. Conclusion: LOC102555094 might be demethylated by ZFP217, activating FTO and LOC102555094/miR-431/GSK-3β/Wnt played a crucial role in IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zefeng Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Mohammed Khaleel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anthony N Khoury
- Hip Preservation Center, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jianwen Li
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Songbo Li
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Haoyang Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Yueyin Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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17
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Rahim F, Abbasi Pashaki P, Jafarisani M, Ghorbani F, Ebrahimi A. Runx2 silencing promotes adipogenesis via down-regulation of DLK1 in chondrogenic differentiating MSCs. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3244. [PMID: 32559818 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For cartilage regeneration, stem cells are a promising cell source; however, even the advances made in the differentiation of stem cells into precursor-differentiated cartilage cells have not been successful with respect to reprograming these cells to achieve complete differentiation and fully functioning cells until now. Previous findings suggest that Runx2 plays a major role in chondrocyte differentiation and maturation. Although targeting Runx2 has enhanced some chondrocyte properties, the adipogenic lineage shift has eventually occurred in these cells. The present study mainly aimed to reveal the mechanism of this adipogenesis. METHODS To create inducible artificial shRNA-miR expressing vectors, the designed short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were inserted into the pri-mir-30 backbone, cloned into lentiviral pLVET-Tet-on, and transducted into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Runx2 gene was silenced in MSCs either for 1 week or 4 weeks and cultured in the chondrogenic medium. At days 7, 14 and 28, cells were harvested, and chondrogenesis, adipogenesis and hypertrophic states were examined using histochemical staining and a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS The results showed that the designed shRNA-miR effectively targeted Runx2 in mRNA and protein levels. Chondrogenic markers were up-regulated in constantly silenced Runx2 group; however, adipogenic markers and fat droplets appeared gradually. DLK1 gene was also significantly down-regulated in this group, and overexpression of DLK1 abrogated adipogenesis in the Runx2 targeted group. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it can be concluded that DLK1 is responsible for the lineage shift in Runx2 targeted chondrogenic differentiating MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Rahim
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Moslem Jafarisani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani
- Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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18
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Garcia SA, Tian H, Imamura-Kawasawa Y, Fisher A, Cellini A, Codd C, Herzenberg JE, Abzug JM, Ng V, Iwamoto M, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Understanding the Action of RARγ Agonists on Human Osteochondroma Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2686. [PMID: 32294904 PMCID: PMC7215996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondromas are cartilage-capped growths located proximate to the physis that can cause skeletal deformities, pain, limited motion, and neurovascular impingement. Previous studies have demonstrated retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) agonists to inhibit ectopic endochondral ossification, therefore we hypothesize that RARγ agonists can target on established osteochondromas. The purpose of this study was to examine the action of RARγ agonist in human osteochondromas. Osteochondroma specimens were obtained during surgery, subjected to explant culture and were treated with RARγ agonists or vehicles. Gene expression analysis confirmed the up-regulation of RARγ target genes in the explants treated with NRX 204647 and Palovarotene and revealed strong inhibition of cartilage matrix and increased extracellular matrix proteases gene expression. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for the neoepitope of protease-cleaved aggrecan indicated that RARγ agonist treatment stimulated cartilage matrix degradation. Interestingly, cell survival studies demonstrated that RARγ agonist treatment stimulated cell death. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis indicates changes in multiple molecular pathways due to RARγ agonists treatment, showing similarly to human growth plate chondrocytes. Together, these findings suggest that RARγ agonist may exert anti-tumor function on osteochondromas by inhibiting matrix synthesis, promoting cartilage matrix degradation and stimulating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A. Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Hongying Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Yuka Imamura-Kawasawa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Aidan Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Ashley Cellini
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Casey Codd
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - John E. Herzenberg
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
- Pediatric Orthopaedics, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
| | - Joshua M. Abzug
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Vincent Ng
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSFII, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (S.A.G.); (H.T.); (A.F.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (J.E.H.); (J.M.A.); (V.N.); (M.I.)
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Riedl M, Witzmann C, Koch M, Lang S, Kerschbaum M, Baumann F, Krutsch W, Docheva D, Alt V, Pfeifer C. Attenuation of Hypertrophy in Human MSCs via Treatment with a Retinoic Acid Receptor Inverse Agonist. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041444. [PMID: 32093330 PMCID: PMC7073129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro chondrogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a tendency to undergo hypertrophy, mirroring the fate of transient “chondrocytes” in the growth plate. As hypertrophy would result in ossification, this fact limits their use in cartilage tissue engineering applications. During limb development, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling exerts an important influence on cell fate of mesenchymal progenitors. While retinoids foster hypertrophy, suppression of RAR signaling seems to be required for chondrogenic differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that treatment of chondrogenically differentiating hMSCs with the RAR inverse agonist, BMS204,493 (further named BMS), would attenuate hypertrophy. We induced hypertrophy in chondrogenic precultured MSC pellets by the addition of bone morphogenetic protein 4. Direct activation of the RAR pathway by application of the physiological RAR agonist retinoic acid (RA) further enhanced the hypertrophic phenotype. However, BMS treatment reduced hypertrophic conversion in hMSCs, shown by decreased cell size, number of hypertrophic cells, and collagen type X deposition in histological analyses. BMS effects were dependent on the time point of application and strongest after early treatment during chondrogenic precultivation. The possibility of modifing hypertrophic cartilage via attenuation of RAR signaling by BMS could be helpful in producing stable engineered tissue for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Riedl
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Christina Witzmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Matthias Koch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Siegmund Lang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Maximilian Kerschbaum
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Florian Baumann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Werner Krutsch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Christian Pfeifer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Pu P, Qingyuan M, Weishan W, Fei H, Tengyang M, Weiping Z, Zhoujun Z, Mengyu W, Chao W, Chong S. Protein-Degrading Enzymes in Osteoarthritis. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ORTHOPADIE UND UNFALLCHIRURGIE 2019; 159:54-66. [PMID: 31746442 DOI: 10.1055/a-1019-8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE TGFβ1 plays an important role in the metabolism of articular cartilage and bone; however, the pathological mechanism and targets of TGFβ1 in cartilage degradation and uncoupling of subchondral bone remodeling remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationship between TGFβ1 and major protein-degrading enzymes, and evaluated the role of high levels of active TGFβ1 in the thickening of subchondral bone and calcification of articular cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of TGFβ1 and protein-degrading enzymes in clinical samples of articular cartilage and subchondral bone obtained from the knee joint of patients with osteoarthritis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TGFβ1, MMP-3, MMP-13 and IL-1β in cartilage and subchondral bone tissues were detected by absolute real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix in subchondral bone was detected by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The degree of subchondral bone thickening was determined by micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. RESULTS Expression of TGFβ1 and cartilage-degrading enzymes was higher in the cartilage-disrupted group than that in the intact group. Furthermore, expression of TGFβ1, nestin and osterix was significantly higher in the OA group than that in the control group. Micro-CT imaging showed that in the OA group, the subchondral bone plate is thickened and the density is increased. The trabecular bone structure is thick plate-like structure, the thickness of the trabecular bone is increased and the gap is small. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that highly active TGFβ1 activates the expression of cartilage-degrading enzymes. Abnormally activated TGFβ1 may induce formation of the subchondral bone and expansion of the calcified cartilage area, eventually leading to degradation of the cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Pu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Ma Qingyuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Wang Weishan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Han Fei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Ma Tengyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhou Weiping
- Xinjiang Military Region 69337 Unit Health Center, China
| | - Zhu Zhoujun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Wang Mengyu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Wang Chao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
| | - Shi Chong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, China
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21
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Roa LA, Bloemen M, Carels CEL, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Retinoic acid disrupts osteogenesis in pre-osteoblasts by down-regulating WNT signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 116:105597. [PMID: 31479736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skull bones are formed by osteoblasts by intramembranous ossification. WNT signaling is a regulator of bone formation. Retinoic Acid (RA) act as a teratogen affecting craniofacial development. We evaluated the effects of RA on the differentiation and mineralization of MC-3T3 cells, and on the expression of WNT components. MC-3T3 were cultured with or without 0.5 μM RA in osteogenic medium and mineralization was assessed by alizarin red staining. The expression of osteogenic marker genes and WNT genes was evaluated at several time points up to 28 days. RA significantly inhibited MC-3T3 mineralization (p < 0.01), without affecting ALP activity or Alp gene expression. Both parameters gradually increased in time. During culture, RA stimulated Runx2 expression at 14 and 28 days compared to the respective controls (p < 0.05). Also, RA significantly reduced Sp7 expression at days 14 and 21 (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, RA significantly reduced the expression of the WNT genes cMyc, Lef1, Lrp5, Lrp6 and Wnt11 compared to the controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, RA increased the expression of the WNT inhibitors Dkk1 at day 21 and Dkk2 at days 14 and 21 (p < 0.01). Our data indicate that RA disrupts osteogenic differentiation and mineralization by inhibiting WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury A Roa
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon Bloemen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carine E L Carels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University KU Leuven. Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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22
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Xie F, Dong D, Du N, Guo L, Ni W, Yuan H, Zhang N, Jie J, Liu G, Tai G. An 8‑gene signature predicts the prognosis of cervical cancer following radiotherapy. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2990-3002. [PMID: 31432147 PMCID: PMC6755236 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression and DNA methylation levels affect the outcomes of patients with cancer. The present study aimed to establish a multigene risk model for predicting the outcomes of patients with cervical cancer (CerC) treated with or without radiotherapy. RNA sequencing training data with matched DNA methylation profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Patients were divided into radiotherapy and non‑radiotherapy groups according to the treatment strategy. Differently expressed and methylated genes between the two groups were identified, and 8 prognostic genes were identified using Cox regression analysis. The optimized risk model based on the 8‑gene signature was defined using the Cox's proportional hazards model. Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with higher risk scores exhibited poorer survival compared with patients with lower risk scores (log‑rank test, P=3.22x10‑7). Validation using the GSE44001 gene set demonstrated that patients in the high‑risk group exhibited a shorter survival time comprared with the low‑risk group (log‑rank test, P=3.01x10‑3). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for the training and validation sets were 0.951 and 0.929, respectively. Cox regression analyses indicated that recurrence and risk status were risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with CerC treated with or without radiotherapy. The present study defined that the 8‑gene signature was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with CerC. The 8‑gene prognostic model had predictive power for CerC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Na Du
- Department of Infections, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Ni
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Jie
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guomu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Tai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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23
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Fatahi Y, Saeb MR, Zarrintaj P, Kundu SC, Khademhosseini A. Silk fibroin scaffolds for common cartilage injuries: Possibilities for future clinical applications. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Jeon MJ, Lim S, You MH, Park Y, Song DE, Sim S, Kim TY, Shong YK, Kim WB, Kim WG. The role of Slit2 as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 483:87-96. [PMID: 30648543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Slits, representative axon guidance molecules, and their Roundabout (Robo) transmembrane receptors play roles in the progression of many cancers. We investigated the effects of Slit2 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, and on the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Slit2 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting transcriptional activity of beta-catenin and regulating Rho GTPase activity. Slit2 knockdown activated the migration and invasion of thyroid cancer cells and transcriptional activity of beta-catenin. Fragment Slit2 treatment inhibited thyroid cancer cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, and also inhibited migration and invasion. When we evaluated the protein expression of Slit2 in PTCs, 24 of 160 PTCs (15%) were negative for Slit2 protein expression and these patients had significantly increased risk of cervical lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P < 0.001) and recurrence of PTC (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest a role for Slit2 as a tumor suppressor, and also as a novel prognostic and potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seonhee Lim
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon You
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea; Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yangsoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Dong Eun Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Sim
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Young Kee Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Won Bae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Won Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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25
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Reynolds K, Kumari P, Sepulveda Rincon L, Gu R, Ji Y, Kumar S, Zhou CJ. Wnt signaling in orofacial clefts: crosstalk, pathogenesis and models. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/2/dmm037051. [PMID: 30760477 PMCID: PMC6398499 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse signaling cues and attendant proteins work together during organogenesis, including craniofacial development. Lip and palate formation starts as early as the fourth week of gestation in humans or embryonic day 9.5 in mice. Disruptions in these early events may cause serious consequences, such as orofacial clefts, mainly cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Morphogenetic Wnt signaling, along with other signaling pathways and transcription regulation mechanisms, plays crucial roles during embryonic development, yet the signaling mechanisms and interactions in lip and palate formation and fusion remain poorly understood. Various Wnt signaling and related genes have been associated with orofacial clefts. This Review discusses the role of Wnt signaling and its crosstalk with cell adhesion molecules, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators and other morphogenetic signaling pathways, including the Bmp, Fgf, Tgfβ, Shh and retinoic acid pathways, in orofacial clefts in humans and animal models, which may provide a better understanding of these disorders and could be applied towards prevention and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lessly Sepulveda Rincon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA .,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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26
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Ferguson J, Atit RP. A tale of two cities: The genetic mechanisms governing calvarial bone development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23248. [PMID: 30155972 PMCID: PMC7433025 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The skull bones must grow in a coordinated, three-dimensional manner to coalesce and form the head and face. Mammalian skull bones have a dual embryonic origin from cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) and paraxial mesoderm (PM) and ossify through intramembranous ossification. The calvarial bones, the bones of the cranium which cover the brain, are derived from the supraorbital arch (SOA) region mesenchyme. The SOA is the site of frontal and parietal bone morphogenesis and primary center of ossification. The objective of this review is to frame our current in vivo understanding of the morphogenesis of the calvarial bones and the gene networks regulating calvarial bone initiation in the SOA mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
| | - Radhika P. Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106
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27
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Pacifici M. Retinoid roles and action in skeletal development and growth provide the rationale for an ongoing heterotopic ossification prevention trial. Bone 2018; 109:267-275. [PMID: 28826842 PMCID: PMC8011837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of skeletal elements develop via endochondral ossification. This process starts with formation of mesenchymal cell condensations at prescribed sites and times in the early embryo and is followed by chondrogenesis, growth plate cartilage maturation and hypertrophy, and replacement of cartilage with bone and marrow. This complex stepwise process is reactivated and recapitulated in physiologic conditions such as fracture repair, but can occur extraskeletally in pathologies including heterotopic ossification (HO), Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) and Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME). One form of HO is common and is triggered by trauma, invasive surgeries or burns and is thus particularly common amongst severely wounded soldiers. There is also a congenital and very severe form of HO that occurs in children with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) and is driven by activating mutations in ACVR1 encoding the type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor ALK2. Current treatments for acquired HO, including NSAIDs and local irradiation, are not always effective and can have side effects, and there is no effective treatment for HO in FOP. This review article describes the research path we took several years ago to develop a new and effective treatment for both congenital and acquired forms of HO and specifically, the testing of synthetic retinoid agonists to block the initial and critical chondrogenic step leading to HO onset and progression. We summarize studies with mouse models of injury-induced and congenital HO demonstrating the effectiveness and mode of action of the retinoid agonists, including Palovarotene. Our studies have provided the rationale for, directly led to, an ongoing phase 2 FDA clinical trial to test efficacy and safety of Palovarotene in FOP. Top-line results released a few months ago by the pharmaceutical sponsor Clementia are very encouraging. Given shared developmental pathways amongst pathologies of extraskeletal tissue formation, Palovarotene may also be effective in HME as preliminary in vitro data suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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28
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Li X, Fok KL, Guo J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chen Z, Wang C, Ruan YC, Yu SS, Zhao H, Wu J, Jiang X, Chan HC. Retinoic acid promotes stem cell differentiation and embryonic development by transcriptionally activating CFTR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:605-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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Naccache F, Metzger J, Distl O. Genetic risk factors for osteochondrosis in various horse breeds. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:556-563. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Naccache
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics Hannover Germany
| | - J. Metzger
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics Hannover Germany
| | - O. Distl
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics Hannover Germany
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30
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Huang X, Zhong L, Hendriks J, Post JN, Karperien M. The Effects of the WNT-Signaling Modulators BIO and PKF118-310 on the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020561. [PMID: 29438298 PMCID: PMC5855783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells, mainly from bone marrow, and an ideal source of cells in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. A study of the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is of particular interest for MSCs-based cartilage regeneration. In this study, we aimed to optimize the conditions for the chrondogenic differentiation of MSCs by regulating WNT signaling using the small molecule WNT inhibitor PKF118-310 and activator BIO. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and cultured in hMSCs proliferation medium. Pellet culture was subsequently established for three-dimensional chondrogenic differentiation of 5 weeks. WNT signaling was increased by the small molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxim (BIO) and decreased by the WNT inhibitor PKF118-310 (PKF). The effects of BIO and PKF on the chondrogenesis of hMSCs was examined by real-time PCR, histological methods, and ELISA. We found that activation of canonical WNT-signaling by BIO significantly downregulated the expression of cartilage-specific genes SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN, and matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP1/3/9/13, but increased ADAMTS 4/5. Inhibition of WNT signaling by PKF increased the expression of SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN, and MMP9, but decreased MMP13 and ADAMTS4/5. In addition, a high level of WNT signaling induced the expression of hypertrophic markers COL10A1, ALPL, and RUNX2, the dedifferentiation marker COL1A1, and glycolysis genes GULT1 and PGK1. Deposition of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II in the pellet matrix was significantly lost in the BIO-treated group and increased in the PKF-treated group. The protein level of COL10A1 was also highly induced in the BIO group. Interestingly, BIO decreased the number of apoptotic cells while PKF significantly induced apoptosis during chondrogenesis. The natural WNT antagonist DKK1 and the protein level of MMP1 in the pellet culture medium were decreased after PKF treatment. All of these chondrogenic effects appeared to be mediated through the canonical WNT signaling pathway, since the target gene Axin2 and other WNT members, such as TCF4 and β-catenin, were upregulated by BIO and downregulated by PKF, respectively, and BIO induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin while PKF inhibited β-catenin translocation into the nucleus. We concluded that addition of BIO to a chondrogenic medium of hMSCs resulted in a loss of cartilage formation, while PKF induced chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage matrix deposition and inhibited hypertrophic differentiation. However, BIO promoted cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis while PKF induced cell apoptosis. This result indicates that either an overexpression or overinhibition of WNT signaling to some extent causes harmful effects on chondrogenic differentiation. Cartilage tissue engineering could benefit from the adjustment of the critical level of WNT signaling during chondrogenesis of hMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Huang
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Hendriks
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine N Post
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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PRC2 Is Dispensable in Vivo for β-Catenin-Mediated Repression of Chondrogenesis in the Mouse Embryonic Cranial Mesenchyme. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:491-503. [PMID: 29223978 PMCID: PMC5919733 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of craniofacial development is the differentiation of multiple cell lineages in close proximity to one another. The mouse skull bones and overlying dermis are derived from the cranial mesenchyme (CM). Cell fate selection of the embryonic cranial bone and dermis in the CM requires Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and loss of β-catenin leads to an ectopic chondrogenic cell fate switch. The mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin activity suppresses the cartilage fate is unclear. Upon conditional deletion of β-catenin in the CM, several key determinants of the cartilage differentiation program, including Sox9, become differentially expressed. Many of these differentially expressed genes are known targets of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). Thus, we hypothesized that PRC2 is required for Wnt/β-catenin-mediated repression of chondrogenesis in the embryonic CM. We find that β-catenin can physically interact with PRC2 components in the CM in vivo. However, upon genetic deletion of Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic component of PRC2, chondrogenesis remains repressed and the bone and dermis cell fate is preserved in the CM. Furthermore, loss of β-catenin does not alter either the H3K27me3 enrichment levels genome-wide or on cartilage differentiation determinants, including Sox9. Our results indicate that EZH2 is not required to repress chondrogenesis in the CM downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Gindele JA, Mang S, Pairet N, Christ I, Gantner F, Schymeinsky J, Lamb DJ. Opposing effects of in vitro differentiated macrophages sub-type on epithelial wound healing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184386. [PMID: 28863189 PMCID: PMC5581193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate repair responses to pulmonary epithelial injury have been linked to perturbation of epithelial barrier function and airway remodelling in a number of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We developed an in vitro mechanical scratch injury model in air-liquid interface differentiated primary human small airway epithelial cells that recapitulates many of the characteristics observed during epithelial wound injury in both human tissue and small animal models. Wound closure was initially associated with de-differentiation of the differentiated apical cells and rapid migration into the wound site, followed by proliferation of apical cells behind the wound edge, together with increases in FAK expression, fibronectin and reduction in PAI-1 which collectively facilitate cell motility and extracellular matrix deposition. Macrophages are intimately involved in wound repair so we sought to investigate the role of macrophage sub-types on this process in a novel primary human co-culture model. M1 macrophages promoted FAK expression and both M1 and M2 macrophages promoted epithelial de-differentiation. Interestingly, M2a macrophages inhibited both proliferation and fibronectin expression, possibly via the retinoic acid pathway, whereas M2b and M2c macrophages prevented fibronectin deposition, possibly via MMP expression. Collectively these data highlight the complex nature of epithelial wound closure, the differential impact of macrophage sub-types on this process, and the heterogenic and non-delineated function of these macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Gindele
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Samuel Mang
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Pairet
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Department of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingrid Christ
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, C. H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schymeinsky
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Department of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David J. Lamb
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cao J, Ma Y, Yao W, Zhang X, Wu D. Retinoids Regulate Adipogenesis Involving the TGFβ/SMAD and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040842. [PMID: 28420144 PMCID: PMC5412426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids may regulate cell differentiation as ligands of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and/or retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We showed that RAR agonists promoted adipogenesis by upregulating the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in the early stages, but blocked adipogenesis at a later stage in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). RXR agonists promoted adipogenesis at all time points in hBMSCs. The effect of RAR agonists was mediated mainly by the RARβ subtype. RAR agonists, in contrast to RXR agonists, significantly promoted the expression of RARβ. Knockdown of the RARβ gene via small hairpin RNA (shRNA) attenuated the inhibition of RAR agonists toward adipogenesis. Furthermore, we found that RAR agonists upregulated the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/SMAD pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway on adipogenesis in hBMSCs, and the stimulating effects were noticeably decreased with the RARβ gene knockdown. Both RAR agonists and RXR agonists inhibited adipogenesis and blocked the promoter activity of C/EBPβ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in SW872 cell. These results indicated the RAR agonists perform dual roles in adipogenesis in hBMSCs, and the TGFβ/SMAD pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway may involve the inhibitory effect of RAR agonists. RARβ is the main receptor subtype mediating the effect. The roles of RXR agonists in adipogenesis exhibited cell type-specific differences, and may be based on the integration of signals from different RXR dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Weiqi Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Dongcheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Huang GL, Song W, Zhou P, Fu QR, Lin CL, Chen QX, Shen DY. Oncogenic retinoic acid receptor γ knockdown reverses multi-drug resistance of human colorectal cancer via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:685-692. [PMID: 28272990 PMCID: PMC5397258 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1295180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ), a unique member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays an important role in the progression of several cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and cholangiocarcinoma. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of the RARγ expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. In the present study, we found that RARγ was frequently overexpressed in human CRC specimens and CRC cell lines, and it mainly resided in the cytoplasm in CRC specimens. Tissue microarrays showed that RARγ indicated vital clinical significance in CRC. RARγ knockdown neither affected CRC cell proliferation nor blocked the cell cycle of CRC cells. However, RARγ knockdown increased the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapeutics through downregulation of multi-drug resistance 1(MDR1). Further studies suggested that RARγ knockdown resulted in downregulation of MDR1, in parallel with suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, a significantly positive association between RARγ and MDR1 was demonstrated in CRC tissue microarrays. Collectively, these results suggested that overexpression of RARγ contributed to the multidrug chemoresistance of CRC cells, at least in part due to upregulation of MDR1 via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, indicating that RARγ might serve as a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistant CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Song
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi-Rui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen-Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dong-Yan Shen
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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35
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Gibson AL, Hui Mingalone CK, Foote AT, Uchimura T, Zhang M, Zeng L. Wnt7a Inhibits IL-1β Induced Catabolic Gene Expression and Prevents Articular Cartilage Damage in Experimental Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41823. [PMID: 28165497 PMCID: PMC5292965 DOI: 10.1038/srep41823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt7a is a protein that plays a critical role in skeletal development. However, its effect on cartilage homeostasis under pathological conditions is not known. In this study, we found a unique inverse correlation between Wnt7a gene expression and that of MMP and IL-1β in individual human OA cartilage specimens. Upon ectopic expression in primary human articular chondrocytes, Wnt7a inhibited IL-1β-induced MMP and iNOS gene expression. Western blot analysis indicated that Wnt7a induced both canonical Wnt signaling and NFAT and Akt non-canonical signaling. Interestingly, inhibiting the canonical and Akt pathway did not affect Wnt7a activity. However, inhibiting the NFAT pathway impaired Wnt7a’s ability to inhibit MMP expression, suggesting that Wnt7a requires NFAT signaling to exert this function. In vivo, intraarticular injection of lentiviral Wnt7a strongly attenuated articular cartilage damage induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) OA-inducing surgery in mice. Consistently, Wnt7a also inhibited the progressive increase of joint MMP activity in DMM animals. These results indicate that Wnt7a signaling inhibits inflammatory stimuli-induced catabolic gene expression in human articular chondrocytes and is sufficient to attenuate MMP activities and promote joint cartilage integrity in mouse experimental OA, demonstrating a novel effect of Wnt7a on regulating OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Averi L Gibson
- Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Carrie K Hui Mingalone
- Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrea T Foote
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tomoya Uchimura
- Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Li Zeng
- Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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36
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The Signaling Pathways Involved in Chondrocyte Differentiation and Hypertrophic Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2470351. [PMID: 28074096 PMCID: PMC5198191 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2470351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes communicate with each other mainly via diffusible signals rather than direct cell-to-cell contact. The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is well regulated by the interactions of varieties of growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules. A number of critical signaling molecules have been identified to regulate the differentiation of chondrocyte from mesenchymal progenitor cells to their terminal maturation of hypertrophic chondrocytes, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), SRY-related high-mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and β-catenin. Except for these molecules, other factors such as adenosine, O2 tension, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also have a vital role in cartilage formation and chondrocyte maturation. Here, we outlined the complex transcriptional network and the function of key factors in this network that determine and regulate the genetic program of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation.
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37
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Samsa WE, Zhou X, Zhou G. Signaling pathways regulating cartilage growth plate formation and activity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:3-15. [PMID: 27418125 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The growth plate is a highly specialized and dynamic cartilage structure that serves many essential functions in skeleton patterning, growth and endochondral ossification in developing vertebrates. Major signaling pathways initiated by classical morphogens and by other systemic and tissue-specific factors are intimately involved in key aspects of growth plate development. As a corollary of these essential functions, disturbances in these pathways due to mutations or environmental factors lead to severe skeleton disorders. Here, we review these pathways and the most recent progress made in understanding their roles in chondrocyte differentiation in growth plate development and activity. Furthermore, we discuss newly uncovered pathways involved in growth plate formation, including mTOR, the circadian clock, and the COP9 signalosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Samsa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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38
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Rankin SA, Han L, McCracken KW, Kenny AP, Anglin CT, Grigg EA, Crawford CM, Wells JM, Shannon JM, Zorn AM. A Retinoic Acid-Hedgehog Cascade Coordinates Mesoderm-Inducing Signals and Endoderm Competence during Lung Specification. Cell Rep 2016; 16:66-78. [PMID: 27320915 PMCID: PMC5314425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis of the trachea and lungs requires a complex series of mesoderm-endoderm interactions mediated by WNT, BMP, retinoic acid (RA), and hedgehog (Hh), but how these pathways interact in a gene regulatory network is less clear. Using Xenopus embryology, mouse genetics, and human ES cell cultures, we identified a conserved signaling cascade that initiates respiratory lineage specification. We show that RA has multiple roles; first RA pre-patterns the lateral plate mesoderm and then it promotes Hh ligand expression in the foregut endoderm. Hh subsequently signals back to the pre-patterned mesoderm to promote expression of the lung-inducing ligands Wnt2/2b and Bmp4. Finally, RA regulates the competence of the endoderm to activate the Nkx2-1+ respiratory program in response to these mesodermal WNT and BMP signals. These data provide insights into early lung development and a paradigm for how mesenchymal signals are coordinated with epithelial competence during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rankin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kyle W McCracken
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alan P Kenny
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christopher T Anglin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily A Grigg
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Calyn M Crawford
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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39
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Wnt signaling in cartilage development and diseases: lessons from animal studies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:186-96. [PMID: 26641070 PMCID: PMC4838282 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage not only plays essential roles in skeletal development and growth during pre- and postnatal stages but also serves to provide smooth movement of skeletons throughout life. Thus, dysfunction of cartilage causes a variety of skeletal disorders. Results from animal studies reveal that β-catenin-dependent canonical and independent non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways have multiple roles in regulation of cartilage development, growth, and maintenance. β-Catenin-dependent signaling is required for progression of endochondral ossification and growth of axial and appendicular skeletons, while excessive activation of this signaling can cause severe inhibition of initial cartilage formation and growth plate organization and function in mice. In contrast, non-canonical Wnt signaling is important in columnar organization of growth plate chondrocytes. Manipulation of Wnt signaling causes or ameliorates articular cartilage degeneration in rodent osteoarthritis models. Human genetic studies indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Accumulative findings from analysis of expression of Wnt signaling molecules and in vivo and in vitro functional experiments suggest that Wnt signaling is a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. The target tissues of Wnt signaling may be not only articular cartilage but also synovium and subchondral bone.
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40
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Common mutations in ALK2/ACVR1, a multi-faceted receptor, have roles in distinct pediatric musculoskeletal and neural orphan disorders. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:93-104. [PMID: 26776312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2), the product of ACVR1, is a member of the type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor family. ALK2 exerts key and non-redundant roles in numerous developmental processes, including the specification, growth and morphogenesis of endochondral skeletal elements. There is also strong evidence that BMP signaling plays important roles in determination, differentiation and function of neural cells and tissues. Here we focus on the intriguing discovery that common activating mutations in ALK2 occur in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) and Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPGs), distinct pediatric disorders of significant severity that are associated with premature death. Pathogenesis and treatment remain elusive for both. We consider recent studies on the nature of the ACVR1 mutations, possible modes of action and targets, and plausible therapeutic measures. Comparisons of the diverse - but genetically interrelated - pathologies of FOP and DIPG will continue to be of major mutual benefit with broad biomedical and clinical relevance.
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41
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Piszczatowski RT, Rafferty BJ, Rozado A, Parziale JV, Lents NH. Myeloid Zinc Finger 1 (MZF-1) Regulates Expression of the CCN2/CTGF and CCN3/NOV Genes in the Hematopoietic Compartment. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2634-9. [PMID: 25899830 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CCN2/CTGF) and Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (CCN3/NOV) execute key functions within the hematopoietic compartment. Both are abundant in the bone marrow stroma, which is a niche for hematopoiesis and supports marrow function. Roles for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) and all-trans retinoic acid in the bone marrow have also been elucidated. Interestingly, some of the annotated roles of these vitamins overlap with established functions of CCN2 and CCN3. Yet, no factor has been identified that unifies these observations. In this study, we report the regulation of the CTGF and NOV genes by Myeloid Zinc Finger-1 (MZF-1), a hematopoietic transcription factor. We show the interaction of MZF-1 with the CTGF and NOV promoters in several cell types. Up-regulation of MZF-1 via calcitriol and vitamin A induces expression of CTGF and NOV, implicating a role for these vitamins in the functions of these two genes. Lastly, knockdown of MZF1 reduces levels of CTGF and NOV. Collectively, our results argue that MZF-1 regulates the CTGF and NOV genes in the hematopoietic compartment, and may be involved in their respective functions in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Piszczatowski
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College, The City University of New York, New York.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - Brian J Rafferty
- Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, New York
| | - Andre Rozado
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College, The City University of New York, New York
| | - James V Parziale
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College, The City University of New York, New York
| | - Nathan H Lents
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College, The City University of New York, New York
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Kinsley MA, Semevolos SA, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF. Wnt/β-catenin signaling of cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes and full thickness cartilage in early equine osteochondrosis. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1433-8. [PMID: 25676127 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elucidate gene and protein expression of Wnt signaling molecules in chondrocytes of foals having early osteochondrosis (OC) versus normal controls. The hypothesis was that increased expression of components of Wnt signaling pathway in osteochondral junction (OCJ) and cartilage canal (CC) chondrocytes would be found in early OC when compared to controls. Paraffin-embedded osteochondral samples (7 OC, 8 normal) and cDNA from whole cartilage (7 OC, 10 normal) and chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and osteochondral junctions captured with laser capture microdissection (4 OC, 6 normal) were obtained from femoropatellar joints of 17 immature horses. Equine-specific Wnt signaling molecule mRNA expression levels were evaluated by two-step real-time qPCR. Spatial tissue protein expression of β-catenin, Wnt-11, Wnt-4, and Dkk-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. There was significantly decreased Wnt-11 and increased β-catenin, Wnt-5b, Dkk-1, Lrp6, Wif-1, Axin1, and SC-PEP gene expression in early OC cartilage canal chondrocytes compared to controls. There was also significantly increased β-catenin gene expression in early OC osteochondral junction chondrocytes compared to controls. Based on this study, abundant gene expression differences in OC chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals suggest pathways associated with catabolism and inhibition of chondrocyte maturation are targeted in early OC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Stacy A Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
| | - Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331
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Yasuhara R, Irié T, Suzuki K, Sawada T, Miwa N, Sasaki A, Tsunoda Y, Nakamura S, Mishima K. The β-catenin signaling pathway induces aggressive potential in breast cancer by up-regulating the chemokine CCL5. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kozhemyakina E, Lassar AB, Zelzer E. A pathway to bone: signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in chondrocyte development and maturation. Development 2015; 142:817-31. [PMID: 25715393 DOI: 10.1242/dev.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal progenitor cells to their terminal maturation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Here, we review how multiple signaling molecules, mechanical signals and morphological cell features are integrated to activate a set of key transcription factors that determine and regulate the genetic program that induces chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation. Moreover, we describe recent findings regarding the roles of several signaling pathways in modulating the proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes in the growth plate, which is the 'engine' of bone elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kozhemyakina
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Building C-Room 305A, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew B Lassar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Building C-Room 305A, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Duesterdieck-Zellmer K, Semevolos S, Kinsley M, Riddick T. Age-related differential gene and protein expression in postnatal cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 17:1-10. [PMID: 25479004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin, Indian hedgehog (Ihh)/Parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) and retinoid signaling pathways regulate cartilage differentiation, growth, and function during development and play a key role in endochondral ossification. The objective of this study was to elucidate the gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways in chondrocytes surrounding cartilage canals and the osteochondral junction during neonatal and pre-adolescent development. This study revealed cell-specific and age-related differences in gene and protein expression of signaling molecules of these regulatory pathways. A trend for higher gene expression of PTHrP along the cartilage canals and Ihh along the osteochondral junction suggests the presence of paracrine feedback in articular-epiphyseal cartilage. Differential expression of canonical (β-catenin, Wnt-4, Lrp4, Lrp6) and noncanonical Wnt signaling (Wnt-5b, Wnt-11) and their inhibitors (Dkk1, Axin1, sFRP3, sFRP5, Wif-1) surrounding the cartilage canals and osteochondral junction provides evidence of the complex interactions occurring during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Stacy Semevolos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Marc Kinsley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tara Riddick
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Mandal A, Waxman J. Retinoic acid negatively regulates dact3b expression in the hindbrain of zebrafish embryos. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 16:122-9. [PMID: 25266145 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays important roles in normal development as well as pathophysiological conditions. The Dapper antagonist of β-catenin (Dact) proteins are modulators of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling via direct interactions with Dishevelled (Dvl) and Van Gogh like-2 (Vangl2). Here, we report the dynamic expression patterns of two zebrafish dact3 paralogs during early embryonic development. Our whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis indicates that specific dact3a expression starts by the tailbud stage in adaxial cells. Later, it is expressed in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm, somites, migrating cranial neural crest, and hindbrain neurons. By comparison, dact3b expression initiates on the dorsal side at the dome stage and soon after is expressed in the dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) during gastrulation. At later stages, dact3b expression becomes restricted to the branchial neurons of the hindbrain and to the second pharyngeal arch. To investigate how zebrafish dact3 gene expression is regulated, we manipulated retinoic acid (RA) signaling during development and found that it negatively regulates dact3b in the hindbrain. Our study is the first to document the expression of the paralogous zebrafish dact3 genes during early development and demonstrate dact3b can be regulated by RA signaling. Therefore, our study opens up new avenues to study Dact3 function in the development of multiple tissues and suggests a previously unappreciated cross regulation of Wnt signaling by RA signaling in the developing vertebrate hindbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mandal
- Heart Institute, Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45208, USA
| | - Joshua Waxman
- Heart Institute, Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH, USA.
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Lee MP, Ratner N, Yutzey KE. Genome-wide Twist1 occupancy in endocardial cushion cells, embryonic limb buds, and peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:821. [PMID: 25262113 PMCID: PMC4190347 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist1 has well-documented roles in progenitor populations of the developing embryo, including endocardial cushions (ECC) and limb buds, and also in cancer. Whether Twist1 regulates the same transcriptional targets in different tissue types is largely unknown. Results The tissue-specificity of Twist1 genomic occupancy was examined in mouse ECCs, limb buds, and peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) cells using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (Chip-seq) analysis. Consistent with known Twist1 functions during development and in cancer cells, Twist1-DNA binding regions associated with genes related to cell migration and adhesion were detected in all three tissues. However, the vast majority of Twist1 binding regions were specific to individual tissue types. Thus, while Twist1 has similar functions in ECCs, limb buds, and PNST cells, the specific genomic sequences occupied by Twist1 were different depending on cellular context. Subgroups of shared genes, also predominantly related to cell adhesion and migration, were identified in pairwise comparisons of ECC, limb buds and PNST cells. Twist1 genomic occupancy was detected for six binding regions in all tissue types, and Twist1-binding sequences associated with Chst11, Litaf, Ror2, and Spata5 also bound the potential Twist1 cofactor RREB1. Pathway analysis of the genes associated with Twist1 binding suggests that Twist1 may regulate genes associated with the Wnt signaling pathway in ECCs and limb buds. Conclusions Together, these data indicate that Twist1 interacts with genes that regulate adhesion and migration in different tissues, potentially through distinct sets of target genes. In addition, there is a small subset of genes occupied by Twist1 in all three tissues that may represent a core group of Twist1 target genes in multiple cell types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-821) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
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Landman E, Periyasamy P, van Blitterswijk C, Post J, Karperien M. Distinct Effect of TCF4 on the NFκB Pathway in Human Primary Chondrocytes and the C20/A4 Chondrocyte Cell Line. Cartilage 2014; 5:181-9. [PMID: 26069697 PMCID: PMC4297180 DOI: 10.1177/1947603514525036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies indicated a difference in crosstalk between canonical WNT pathway and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) signaling in human and animal chondrocytes. To assess whether the differences found were dependent on cell types used, we tested the effect of WNT modulation on NFκB signaling in human primary articular chondrocytes in comparison with the immortalized human costal chondrocyte cell line C20/A4. DESIGN We used gene expression analysis to study the effect of WNT modulation on IL1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression as well as on WNT and NFκB target gene expression. In addition, we tested the involvement of RelA and TCF4 on activation of the WNT and NFκB pathway by TCF/LEF and NFκB reporter experiments, respectively. RESULTS We found an inhibitory effect of both induction and inhibition of WNT signaling on IL1β-induced MMP mRNA expression in primary chondrocytes, whereas WNT modulation did not affect MMP expression in C20/A4 cells. Furthermore, TCF/LEF and NFκB reporter activation and WNT and NFκB target gene expression were regulated differentially by TCF4 and RelA in a cell type-dependent manner. Additionally, we found significantly higher mRNA and protein expression of TCF4 and RelA in C20/A4 cells in comparison with primary chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that WNT modulation of NFκB is, at least in part, cell type dependent and that the observed differences are likely because of impaired sensitivity of the NFκB pathway in C20/A4 cells to modulations in WNT signaling. This might be caused by higher basal levels of TCF4 and RelA in C20/A4 cells compared to primary chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.B.M. Landman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - P.C. Periyasamy
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - C.A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - J.N. Post
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - M. Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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Xu SL, Zeng DZ, Dong WG, Ding YQ, Rao J, Duan JJ, Liu Q, Yang J, Zhan N, Liu Y, Hu QP, Zhang X, Cui YH, Kung HF, Yu SC, Bian XW. Distinct patterns of ALDH1A1 expression predict metastasis and poor outcome of colorectal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:2976-2986. [PMID: 25031716 PMCID: PMC4097282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the heterogeneity of its expression makes it difficult to predict the outcome of CRC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of this molecule in CRC. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we examined ALDH1A1 expression by immunohistochemistry including 406 cases of primary CRC with corresponding adjacent mucosa, with confirmation of real-time PCR and Western blotting. We found that the expression patterns of ALDH1A1 were heterogeneous in the CRC and corresponding adjacent tissues. We defined the ratio of ALDH1A1 level in adjacent mucosa to that in tumor tissues as RA/C and found that the capabilities of tumor invasion and metastasis in the tumors with RA/C < 1 were significantly higher than those with RA/C ≥ 1. Follow-up data showed the worse prognoses in the CRC patients with RA/C < 1. For understanding the underlying mechanism, the localization of β-catenin was detected in the CRC tissues with different patterns of ALDH1A1 expression from 221 patients and β-catenin was found preferentially expressed in cell nuclei of the tumors with RA/C < 1 and ALDH1A1(high) expression of HT29 cell line, indicating that nuclear translocation of β-catenin might contribute to the increased potentials of invasion and metastasis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RA/C is a novel biomarker to reflect the distinct expression patterns of ALDH1A1 for predicting metastasis and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lin Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Dong-Zu Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Wei-Guo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiang-Jie Duan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Qi-Ping Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology of Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
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