1
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Zhang KY, Nagalingam A, Mary S, Aguzzi EA, Li W, Chetla N, Smith B, Paulaitis ME, Edwards MM, Quigley HA, Zack DJ, Johnson TV. Rare intercellular material transfer as a confound to interpreting inner retinal neuronal transplantation following internal limiting membrane disruption. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2203-2221. [PMID: 37802075 PMCID: PMC10679651 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular cytoplasmic material transfer (MT) occurs between transplanted and developing photoreceptors and ambiguates cell origin identification in developmental, transdifferentiation, and transplantation experiments. Whether MT is a photoreceptor-specific phenomenon is unclear. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) replacement, through transdifferentiation or transplantation, holds potential for restoring vision in optic neuropathies. During careful assessment for MT following human stem cell-derived RGC transplantation into mice, we identified RGC xenografts occasionally giving rise to labeling of donor-derived cytoplasmic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins within recipient Müller glia. Critically, nuclear organization is distinct between human and murine retinal neurons, which enables unequivocal discrimination of donor from host cells. MT was greatly facilitated by internal limiting membrane disruption, which also augments retinal engraftment following transplantation. Our findings demonstrate that retinal MT is not unique to photoreceptors and challenge the isolated use of species-specific immunofluorescent markers for xenotransplant identification. Assessment for MT is critical when analyzing neuronal replacement interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Zhang
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stella Mary
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erika A Aguzzi
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Weifeng Li
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nitin Chetla
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Paulaitis
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malia M Edwards
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry A Quigley
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Neuroscience, Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Glaucoma Center for Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Kulczyk AW. Artificial intelligence and the analysis of cryo-EM data provide structural insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying LN-lamininopathies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17825. [PMID: 37857770 PMCID: PMC10587063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins (Lm) are major components of basement membranes (BM), which polymerize to form a planar lattice on cell surface. Genetic alternations of Lm affect their oligomerization patterns and lead to failures in BM assembly manifesting in a group of human disorders collectively defined as Lm N-terminal domain lamininopathies (LN-lamininopathies). We have employed a recently determined cryo-EM structure of the Lm polymer node, the basic repeating unit of the Lm lattice, along with structure prediction and modeling to systematically analyze structures of twenty-three pathogenic Lm polymer nodes implicated in human disease. Our analysis provides the detailed mechanistic explanation how Lm mutations lead to failures in Lm polymerization underlining LN-lamininopathies. We propose the new categorization scheme of LN-lamininopathies based on the insight gained from the structural analysis. Our results can help to facilitate rational drug design aiming in the treatment of Lm deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz W Kulczyk
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, 174 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Rutgers University, 75 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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3
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Parameswarappa DC, Sheth J, Agarwal K. RETINAL CHANGES IN PORETTI-BOLTSHAUSER SYNDROME: RETINA AS A WINDOW TO THE BRAIN. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2023; 17:511-514. [PMID: 35671446 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE LAMA 1 gene as a pathologic variant leading to cerebellar dysplasia and cysts, nonprogressive ataxia, language, and motor developmental delay without any muscular involvement was recently described as Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome (PBS). Ocular involvement is a common associated feature in this neurodegenerative disorder. In this case report, we describe the retinal changes associated with Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. METHODS, PATIENT, AND RESULTS A 4-year-old female child presented with the progressive decreased vision for the past 6 to 8 months. Ophthalmic examination revealed mild myopia and ocular motor apraxia with retinal disruptions appearing as holes that were confined only to inner retinal layers. The child also had motor and speech developmental delays. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed vermis hypoplasia with cerebellar dysgenesis and multiple cystic spaces in both cerebellar hemispheres. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous pathogenic variant of exon 2-63 deletion in the LAMA 1 gene, which was confirmatory for Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. CONCLUSION Oculomotor apraxia and retinal changes can lead to visual disturbances in Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. Identification of these features and prompt rehabilitative measures can improve the quality of life of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika C Parameswarappa
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; and
| | - Jenil Sheth
- Child Sight Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; and
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4
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Wong W, Estep JA, Treptow AM, Rajabli N, Jahncke JN, Ubina T, Wright KM, Riccomagno MM. An adhesion signaling axis involving Dystroglycan, β1-Integrin, and Cas adaptor proteins regulates the establishment of the cortical glial scaffold. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002212. [PMID: 37540708 PMCID: PMC10431685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mature mammalian cortex is composed of 6 architecturally and functionally distinct layers. Two key steps in the assembly of this layered structure are the initial establishment of the glial scaffold and the subsequent migration of postmitotic neurons to their final position. These processes involve the precise and timely regulation of adhesion and detachment of neural cells from their substrates. Although much is known about the roles of adhesive substrates during neuronal migration and the formation of the glial scaffold, less is understood about how these signals are interpreted and integrated within these neural cells. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that Cas proteins, a family of cytoplasmic adaptors, serve a functional and redundant role during cortical lamination. Cas triple conditional knock-out (Cas TcKO) mice display severe cortical phenotypes that feature cobblestone malformations. Molecular epistasis and genetic experiments suggest that Cas proteins act downstream of transmembrane Dystroglycan and β1-Integrin in a radial glial cell-autonomous manner. Overall, these data establish a new and essential role for Cas adaptor proteins during the formation of cortical circuits and reveal a signaling axis controlling cortical scaffold formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenny Wong
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Estep
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Alyssa M. Treptow
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Niloofar Rajabli
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Jahncke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Teresa Ubina
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Wright
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martin M. Riccomagno
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Department of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
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5
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de Montigny J, Sernagor E, Bauer R. Retinal self-organization: a model of retinal ganglion cells and starburst amacrine cells mosaic formation. Open Biol 2023; 13:220217. [PMID: 37015288 PMCID: PMC10072945 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual retinal cell types exhibit semi-regular spatial patterns called retinal mosaics. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and starburst amacrine cells (SACs) are known to exhibit such layouts. Mechanisms responsible for the formation of mosaics are not well understood but follow three main principles: (i) homotypic cells prevent nearby cells from adopting the same type, (ii) cell tangential migration and (iii) cell death. Alongside experiments in mouse, we use BioDynaMo, an agent-based simulation framework, to build a detailed and mechanistic model of mosaic formation. We investigate the implications of the three theories for RGC's mosaic formation. We report that the cell migration mechanism yields the most regular mosaics. In addition, we propose that low-density RGC type mosaics exhibit on average low regularities, and thus we question the relevance of regular spacing as a criterion for a group of RGCs to form a RGC type. We investigate SAC mosaics formation and interactions between the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) populations. We propose that homotypic interactions between the GCL and INL populations during mosaics creation are required to reproduce the observed SAC mosaics' characteristics. This suggests that the GCL and INL populations of SACs might not be independent during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Montigny
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Evelyne Sernagor
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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6
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Gnanaguru G, Tabor SJ, Bonilla GM, Sadreyev R, Yuda K, Köhl J, Connor KM. Microglia refine developing retinal astrocytic and vascular networks through the complement C3/C3aR axis. Development 2023; 150:dev201047. [PMID: 36762625 PMCID: PMC10110418 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, a resident immune cell of the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in facilitating neurovascular development through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Previous reports indicate a role for microglia in regulating astrocyte density. This current work resolves the mechanism through which microglia facilitate astrocyte spatial patterning and superficial vascular bed formation in the neuroretina during development. Ablation of microglia increased astrocyte density and altered spatial patterning. Mechanistically, we show that microglia regulate the formation of the spatially organized astrocyte template required for subsequent vascular growth, through the complement C3/C3aR axis during neuroretinal development. Lack of C3 or C3aR hindered the developmental phagocytic removal of astrocyte bodies and resulted in increased astrocyte density. In addition, increased astrocyte density was associated with elevated proangiogenic extracellular matrix gene expression in C3- and C3aR-deficient retinas, resulting in increased vascular density. These data demonstrate that microglia regulate developmental astrocyte and vascular network spatial patterning in the neuroretina via the complement axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Gnanaguru
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven J. Tabor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gracia M. Bonilla
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kentaro Yuda
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kip M. Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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7
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Madhoun S, Martins MTC, Korneva A, Johnson TV, Kimball E, Quillen S, Pease ME, Edwards M, Quigley H. Effects of experimental glaucoma in Lama1 nmf223 mutant mice. Exp Eye Res 2023; 226:109341. [PMID: 36476399 PMCID: PMC10204621 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To identify changes in response to experimental intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation associated with the laminin α1 nmf223 mutation in mice. Laminin mutant (LM) mice (Lama1nmf223) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice in two age groups each (4-5 months and >1 year) underwent intracameral microbead injections to produce unilaterally elevated IOP. We assessed axonal transport block of immunofluorescently labeled amyloid precursor protein (APP) after 3 days and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon loss after 6 weeks. Light, electron and fluorescent microscopy was used to study baseline anatomic differences and effects of 3-day IOP elevation in younger LM mice. In younger mice of both LM and B6 strains, elevated IOP led to increased APP block in the retina, prelaminar optic nerve head (preONH), unmyelinated optic nerve (UON), and myelinated optic nerve (MON). APP blockade not significantly different between younger B6 and LM mouse strains. Older LM mice had greater APP accumulation in both control and glaucoma eyes compared to older B6, however, accumulation was not significantly greater in LM glaucoma eyes compared to LM controls. Axon loss at 6 weeks was 12.2% in younger LM and 18.7% in younger B6 mice (difference between strains, p = 0.22, Mann Whitney test). Untreated LM optic nerve area was lower compared to B6 (nerve area, p < 0.0001, t-test). Aberrant axon bundles, as well as defects, thickening and reduplication of pia mater, were seen in the optic nerves of younger LM mice. Axonal transport blockade significantly differed between old B6 and old LM mice in control and glaucoma eyes, and younger LM mice had abnormal axon paths and lower optic nerve area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salaheddine Madhoun
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Arina Korneva
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kimball
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Quillen
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Pease
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malia Edwards
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry Quigley
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Tao C, Makrides N, Chuang JZ, Wu Y, Brooks SE, Esko JD, Sung CH, Zhang X. Chondroitin sulfate enhances the barrier function of basement membrane assembled by heparan sulfate. Development 2022; 149:275504. [PMID: 35608020 PMCID: PMC9270973 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are ubiquitously expressed polysaccharides that are attached to proteoglycans. Here, we showed that ablation of the heparan sulfate (HS) polymerase Ext1 in retinal progenitor cells did not affect initial progression of retinal angiogenesis, but it disrupted the pruning of blood vessels and establishment of arterioles and venules. In the absence of retinal HS, blood vessels were also vulnerable to high oxygen tension in early postnatal stages, which could be rescued by exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), consistent with the role of retinal HS in the fine-tuning of VEGF signaling. Furthermore, we observed that the retinal inner limiting membrane (ILM) was disrupted by deletion of Ext1 in a timing-specific manner, suggesting that retinal HS is required for the assembly but not the maintenance of the basement membrane. Lastly, we showed that further deletion of C4st1, a chondroitin sulfate (CS) sulfation enzyme, did not affect the assembly of the ILM but, when combined with Ext1 deletion, it aggravated the retinal permeability by disrupting the retinal glycocalyx. These results demonstrate an important role of CS and HS in establishing the barrier function of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Neoklis Makrides
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven E Brooks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Schiff ER, Aychoua N, Nutan S, Davagnanam I, Moore AT, Robson AG, Patel CK, Webster AR, Arno G. Variability of retinopathy consequent upon novel mutations in LAMA1. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:671-678. [PMID: 35616092 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2076283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bi-allelic mutations in LAMA1 (laminin 1) (OMIM # 150320) cause Poretti-Boltshauser Syndrome (PTBHS), a rare non-progressive cerebellar dysplasia disorder with ophthalmic manifestations including oculomotor apraxia, high myopia, and retinal dystrophy. Only 38 variants, nearly all loss of function have been reported. Here, we describe novel LAMA1 variants and detailed retinal manifestations in two unrelated families. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was conducted on three siblings of a consanguineous family with myopia and retinal dystrophy and on a child from an unrelated non-consanguineous couple. Clinical evaluation included full ophthalmic examination, detailed colour, autofluorescence retinal imaging, retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography under anesthesia, and pattern and full-field electroretinography. RESULTS Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous LAMA1 frameshift variant, c.1492del p.(Arg498Glyfs *25), in the affected siblings in family 1 and a novel frameshift c.3065del p.(Gly1022Valfs *2) and a deletion spanning exons 17-23 in an unrelated individual in family 2. Two of the three siblings and the unrelated child had oculomotor apraxia in childhood; none of the siblings had symptoms of other neurological dysfunction as adults. All four had myopia. The affected siblings had a qualitatively similar retinopathy of wide-ranging severity. The unrelated patient had a severe abnormality of retinal vascular development, which resulted in vitreous haemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma in the left eye and a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS This report describes the detailed retinal structural and functional consequences of LAMA1 deficiency in four patients from two families, and these exhibit significant variability with evidence of both retinal dystrophy and abnormal and incomplete retinal vascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R Schiff
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | - Savita Nutan
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Indran Davagnanam
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anthony T Moore
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A G Robson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - C K Patel
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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10
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Faizi N, Casteels I, Termote B, Coucke P, De Baere E, De Bruyne M, Balikova I. High myopia and vitreal veils in a patient with Poretti- Boltshauser syndrome due to a novel homozygous LAMA1 mutation. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:653-657. [PMID: 35535551 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2068045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawid Faizi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingele Casteels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno Termote
- Department of Radiology, Jessa Hospital Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke De Bruyne
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina Balikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Cai CX, Go M, Kelly MP, Holgado S, Toth CA. OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF PORETTI-BOLTSHAUSER SYNDROME: FINDINGS FROM MULTIMODAL IMAGING AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2022; 16:270-274. [PMID: 32195884 PMCID: PMC7494654 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome is a rare, nonprogressive neurologic syndrome with characteristic cerebellar cysts on neuroimaging due to mutations in LAMA1. The ophthalmic findings in Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome are not well described. Here, we report the ophthalmic findings from multimodal imaging and electrophysiology of a patient with genetically confirmed Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. METHODS A 3-year-old boy with confirmed mutations in LAMA1 underwent examination under anesthesia with electroretinography and multimodal imaging including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. RESULTS Dilated fundus examination was notable for retinal vascular anomalies, including a large area of nonperfusion in the temporal macula with corresponding retinal thinning on optical coherence tomography. There was an absence of a distinct foveal avascular zone and decreased density of both the superficial and deep vascular plexuses in the macula on optical coherence tomography angiography. There was diffuse loss of choriocapillaris architecture and decreased choroidal thickness. CONCLUSION Patients with Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome may possess chorioretinal thinning and retinal vascular abnormalities appreciable on examination and multimodal imaging. These findings suggest a role for LAMA1 in retinal and choroidal vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy X. Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Go
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael P. Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandra Holgado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia A. Toth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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12
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Helmbacher F. Astrocyte-intrinsic and -extrinsic Fat1 activities regulate astrocyte development and angiogenesis in the retina. Development 2022; 149:274046. [PMID: 35050341 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a stepwise process leading to blood vessel formation. In the vertebrate retina, endothelial cells are guided by astrocytes migrating along the inner surface, and the two processes are coupled by a tightly regulated cross-talks between the two cell types. Here, I have investigated how the FAT1 cadherin, a regulator of tissue morphogenesis that governs tissue cross-talk, influences retinal vascular development. Late-onset Fat1 inactivation in the neural lineage in mice, by interfering with astrocyte progenitor migration polarity and maturation, delayed postnatal retinal angiogenesis, leading to persistent vascular abnormalities in adult retinas. Impaired astrocyte migration and polarity were not associated with alterations of retinal ganglion cell axonal trajectories or of the inner limiting membrane. In contrast, inducible Fat1 ablation in postnatal astrocytes was sufficient to alter their migration polarity and proliferation. Altogether, this study uncovers astrocyte-intrinsic and -extrinsic Fat1 activities that influence astrocyte migration polarity, proliferation and maturation, disruption of which impacts retinal vascular development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Helmbacher
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 907, 13288 Marseille, France
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13
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Shaw L, Sugden CJ, Hamill KJ. Laminin Polymerization and Inherited Disease: Lessons From Genetics. Front Genet 2021; 12:707087. [PMID: 34456976 PMCID: PMC8388930 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.707087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The laminins (LM) are a family of basement membranes glycoproteins with essential structural roles in supporting epithelia, endothelia, nerves and muscle adhesion, and signaling roles in regulating cell migration, proliferation, stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Laminins are obligate heterotrimers comprised of α, β and γ chains that assemble intracellularly. However, extracellularly these heterotrimers then assemble into higher-order networks via interaction between their laminin N-terminal (LN) domains. In vitro protein studies have identified assembly kinetics and the structural motifs involved in binding of adjacent LN domains. The physiological importance of these interactions has been identified through the study of pathogenic point mutations in LN domains that lead to syndromic disorders presenting with phenotypes dependent on which laminin gene is mutated. Genotype-phenotype comparison between knockout and LN domain missense mutations of the same laminin allows inferences to be drawn about the roles of laminin network assembly in terms of tissue function. In this review, we will discuss these comparisons in terms of laminin disorders, and the therapeutic options that understanding these processes have allowed. We will also discuss recent findings of non-laminin mediators of laminin network assembly and their implications in terms of basement membrane structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin J. Hamill
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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14
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Ueda Y, Kimura-Yoshida C, Mochida K, Tsume M, Kameo Y, Adachi T, Lefebvre O, Hiramatsu R, Matsuo I. Intrauterine Pressures Adjusted by Reichert's Membrane Are Crucial for Early Mouse Morphogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107637. [PMID: 32433954 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian embryogenesis proceeds in utero with the support of nutrients and gases from maternal tissues. However, the contribution of the mechanical environment provided by the uterus to embryogenesis remains unaddressed. Notably, how intrauterine pressures are produced, accurately adjusted, and exerted on embryos are completely unknown. Here, we find that Reichert's membrane, a specialized basement membrane that wraps around the implanted mouse embryo, plays a crucial role as a shock absorber to protect embryos from intrauterine pressures. Notably, intrauterine pressures are produced by uterine smooth muscle contractions, showing the highest and most frequent periodic peaks just after implantation. Mechanistically, such pressures are adjusted within the sealed space between the embryo and uterus created by Reichert's membrane and are involved in egg-cylinder morphogenesis as an important biomechanical environment in utero. Thus, we propose the buffer space sealed by Reichert's membrane cushions and disperses intrauterine pressures exerted on embryos for egg-cylinder morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ueda
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kimura-Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mochida
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Mami Tsume
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kameo
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Ryuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, 840, Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
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15
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Sijilmassi O, Del Río Sevilla A, Maldonado Bautista E, Barrio Asensio MDC. Gestational folic acid deficiency alters embryonic eye development: Possible role of basement membrane proteins in eye malformations. Nutrition 2021; 90:111250. [PMID: 33962364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Folic acid (FA) is crucial before and during early pregnancy. FA deficiency can occur because dietary FA intake is low in mothers at the time of conception. Likewise, various ocular pathologies are related to the alteration of extracellular matrices. The present study aimed to investigate the association between maternal FA deficiency and congenital eye defects. We also investigated whether maternal diet deficient in FA alters the expression of collagen IV and laminin-1 as a possible mechanism responsible for the appearance of ocular malformations. Both proteins are the main components of the basal lamina, and form an interlaced network that creates a relevant scaffold basement membrane. Basal laminae are involved in tissues maintenance and implicated in regulating many cellular processes. METHODS A total of 57 mouse embryos were classified into the following groups: Control group, (mothers were fed a standard rodent diet), and D2 and D8 groups (mothers were fed FA-deficient [FAD] diet for 2 or 8 wk, respectively). Female mice from group D2 were fed a FAD diet (0 mg/kg diet + 1% succinyl sulfathiazole used to block the synthesis of FA) for 2 wk from the day after mating until day 14.5 of gestation (E14.5). On the other hand, female mice from group D8 were fed a FAD diet for 8 wk (6 wk before conception and during the first 2 wk of pregnancy). For the data analysis, we first estimated the incidence of malformations in each group. Then, the statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.0. Expression patterns of collagen IV and laminin-1 were examined with the immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS Our results showed that mice born to FA-deficient mothers had several congenital eye abnormalities. Embryos from dams fed a short-term FAD diet were found to have many significant abnormalities in both anterior and posterior segments, as well as choroidal vessel abnormalities. However, embryos from dams fed a long-term FAD diet had a significantly higher incidence of eye defects. Finally, maternal FA deficiency increased the expression of both collagen IV and laminin-1. Likewise, changes in the spatial localization and organization of collagen IV were observed. CONCLUSIONS A maternal FAD diet for a short-term period causes eye developmental defects and induces overexpression of both collagen IV and laminin-1. The malformations observed are probably related to alterations in the expression of basement membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Sijilmassi
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aurora Del Río Sevilla
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Maldonado Bautista
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Barrio Asensio
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Zhang KY, Johnson TV. The internal limiting membrane: Roles in retinal development and implications for emerging ocular therapies. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108545. [PMID: 33753089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes help to establish, maintain, and separate their associated tissues. They also provide growth and signaling substrates for nearby resident cells. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) is the basement membrane at the ocular vitreoretinal interface. While the ILM is essential for normal retinal development, it is dispensable in adulthood. Moreover, the ILM may constitute a significant barrier to emerging ocular therapeutics, such as viral gene therapy or stem cell transplantation. Here we take a neurodevelopmental perspective in examining how retinal neurons, glia, and vasculature interact with individual extracellular matrix constituents at the ILM. In addition, we review evidence that the ILM may impede novel ocular therapies and discuss approaches for achieving retinal parenchymal targeting of gene vectors and cell transplants delivered into the vitreous cavity by manipulating interactions with the ILM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Zhang
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas V Johnson
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Maumenee B-110, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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17
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Role of the Internal Limiting Membrane in Structural Engraftment and Topographic Spacing of Transplanted Human Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 16:149-167. [PMID: 33382979 PMCID: PMC7897583 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) replacement holds potential for restoring vision lost to optic neuropathy. Transplanted RGCs must undergo neuroretinal integration to receive afferent visual signals for processing and efferent transmission. To date, retinal integration following RGC transplantation has been limited. We sought to overcome key barriers to transplanted human stem cell-derived RGC integration. Following co-culture ex vivo on organotypic mouse retinal explants, human RGCs cluster and extend bundled neurites that remain superficial to the neuroretina, hindering afferent synaptogenesis. To enhance integration, we increased the cellular permeability of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Extracellular matrix digestion using proteolytic enzymes achieved ILM disruption while minimizing retinal toxicity and preserving glial reactivity. ILM disruption is associated with dispersion rather than clustering of co-cultured RGC bodies and neurites, and increased parenchymal neurite ingrowth. The ILM represents a significant obstacle to transplanted RGC connectivity and its circumvention may be necessary for functional RGC replacement.
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18
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Leclech C, Natale CF, Barakat AI. The basement membrane as a structured surface - role in vascular health and disease. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/18/jcs239889. [PMID: 32938688 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.239889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) is a thin specialized extracellular matrix that functions as a cellular anchorage site, a physical barrier and a signaling hub. While the literature on the biochemical composition and biological activity of the BM is extensive, the central importance of the physical properties of the BM, most notably its mechanical stiffness and topographical features, in regulating cellular function has only recently been recognized. In this Review, we focus on the biophysical attributes of the BM and their influence on cellular behavior. After a brief overview of the biochemical composition, assembly and function of the BM, we describe the mechanical properties and topographical structure of various BMs. We then focus specifically on the vascular BM as a nano- and micro-scale structured surface and review how its architecture can modulate endothelial cell structure and function. Finally, we discuss the pathological ramifications of the biophysical properties of the vascular BM and highlight the potential of mimicking BM topography to improve the design of implantable endovascular devices and advance the burgeoning field of vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leclech
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Carlo F Natale
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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19
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Appaji A, Nagendra B, Chako DM, Padmanabha A, Jacob A, Hiremath CV, Varambally S, Kesavan M, Venkatasubramanian G, Rao SV, Webers CAB, Berendschot TTJM, Rao NP. Retinal vascular tortuosity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2019; 212:26-32. [PMID: 31466896 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The micro-vasculature of retina and brain share common morphological, physiological, and pathological properties. Retina being easily accessible, retinal vascular examination provides an indirect assessment of cerebral vasculature. Considering the high prevalence of vascular morbidity in SCZ and BD a few studies have examined retinal vascular caliber and have reported increased retinal venular caliber in schizophrenia (SCZ). Retinal vascular tortuosity could serve as a better structural measure than caliber as it is static and less susceptible to pulse period variations. However, to date, no study has examined retinal vascular tortuosity in SCZ and bipolar disorder (BD). Hence, we examined retinal vascular tortuosity in comparison with healthy volunteers (HV). We included 255 subjects (78 HV, 79 SCZ, and 86 BD) in the age range of 18 to 50 years. Trained personnel acquired images using a non-mydriatic fundus camera. To measure the average retinal arteriolar tortuosity index (RATI) and retinal venular tortuosity index (RVTI), we used a previously validated, semi-automatic algorithm. The results showed significant differences across the three groups in RATI but not in RVTI; both BD and SCZ had significantly increased RATI compared to HV. There was also a significant difference between SCZ and BD, with BD having higher RATI. If shown to be of predictive utility in future longitudinal studies, it has the potential to identify patients at risk of development of adverse vascular events. As retinal vascular imaging is non-invasive and inexpensive, it could serve as a proxy marker and window to cerebral vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Appaji
- Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bhargavi Nagendra
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Dona Maria Chako
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ananth Padmanabha
- Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Arpitha Jacob
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra V Hiremath
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Muralidharan Kesavan
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Shyam Vasudeva Rao
- Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Naren P Rao
- Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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20
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Shaik S, Martin EC, Hayes DJ, Gimble JM, Devireddy RV. Transcriptomic Profiling of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Undergoing Osteogenesis by RNA-Seq. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11800. [PMID: 31409848 PMCID: PMC6692320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent in nature that can be differentiated into various cells lineages such as adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic. The commitment of a cell to differentiate into a particular lineage is regulated by the interplay between various intracellular pathways and their resultant secretome. Similarly, the interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the ECM bound growth factors instigate several signal transducing events that ultimately determine ASC differentiation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify the transcriptome profile of osteogenic induced ASCs to understand the associated genotype changes. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotations analysis using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) bioinformatics resources on the differentially expressed genes demonstrated the enrichment of pathways mainly associated with ECM organization and angiogenesis. We, therefore, studied the expression of genes coding for matrisome proteins (glycoproteins, collagens, proteoglycans, ECM-affiliated, regulators, and secreted factors) and ECM remodeling enzymes (MMPs, integrins, ADAMTSs) and the expression of angiogenic markers during the osteogenesis of ASCs. The upregulation of several pro-angiogenic ELR+ chemokines and other angiogenic inducers during osteogenesis indicates the potential role of the secretome from differentiating ASCs in the vascular development and its integration with the bone tissue. Furthermore, the increased expression of regulatory genes such as CTNNB1, TGBR2, JUN, FOS, GLI3, and MAPK3 involved in the WNT, TGF-β, JNK, HedgeHog and ERK1/2 pathways suggests the regulation of osteogenesis through interplay between these pathways. The RNA-Seq data was also validated by performing QPCR on selected up- and down-regulated genes (COL10A1, COL11A1, FBLN, FERMT1, FN1, FOXF1, LAMA3, LAMA4, LAMB1, IGF1, WNT10B, MMP1, MMP3, MMP16, ADAMTS6, and ADAMTS14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahensha Shaik
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- La Cell LLC and Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine and Departments of Medicine, Structural & Cellular Biology, and Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ram V Devireddy
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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21
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Lindenmaier LB, Parmentier N, Guo C, Tissir F, Wright KM. Dystroglycan is a scaffold for extracellular axon guidance decisions. eLife 2019; 8:42143. [PMID: 30758284 PMCID: PMC6395066 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance requires interactions between extracellular signaling molecules and transmembrane receptors, but how appropriate context-dependent decisions are coordinated outside the cell remains unclear. Here we show that the transmembrane glycoprotein Dystroglycan interacts with a changing set of environmental cues that regulate the trajectories of extending axons throughout the mammalian brain and spinal cord. Dystroglycan operates primarily as an extracellular scaffold during axon guidance, as it functions non-cell autonomously and does not require signaling through its intracellular domain. We identify the transmembrane receptor Celsr3/Adgrc3 as a binding partner for Dystroglycan, and show that this interaction is critical for specific axon guidance events in vivo. These findings establish Dystroglycan as a multifunctional scaffold that coordinates extracellular matrix proteins, secreted cues, and transmembrane receptors to regulate axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Parmentier
- Institiute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caiying Guo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Institiute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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22
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Lee CM, Cho SJ, Cho WK, Park JW, Lee JH, Choi AM, Rosas IO, Zheng M, Peltz G, Lee CG, Elias JA. Laminin α1 is a genetic modifier of TGF-β1-stimulated pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99574. [PMID: 30232270 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the pathologic fibrosis in diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are poorly understood. To identify genetic factors affecting susceptibility to IPF, we analyzed a murine genetic model of IPF in which a profibrotic cytokine (TGF-β1) was expressed in the lungs of 10 different inbred mouse strains. Surprisingly, the extent of TGF-β1-induced lung fibrosis was highly strain dependent. Haplotype-based computational genetic analysis and gene expression profiling of lung tissue obtained from fibrosis-susceptible and -resistant strains identified laminin α1 (Lama1) as a genetic modifier for susceptibility to IPF. Subsequent studies demonstrated that Lama1 plays an important role in multiple processes that affect the pulmonary response to lung injury and susceptibility to fibrosis, which include: macrophage activation, fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast transformation, and the production of extracellular matrix. Also, Lama1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in lung tissue obtained from IPF patients. These studies identify Lama1 as the genetic modifier of TGF-β1 effector responses that significantly affects the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Min Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Weill Cornell Medicine Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- International Health Care Center, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Park
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Augustine M Choi
- Weill Cornell Medicine Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Medicine-Clinics 3, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jack A Elias
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Division of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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23
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Mammadova-Bach E, Rupp T, Spenlé C, Jivkov I, Shankaranarayanan P, Klein A, Pisarsky L, Méchine-Neuville A, Cremel G, Kedinger M, De Wever O, Ambartsumian N, Robine S, Pencreach E, Guenot D, Simon-Assmann P, Goetz JG, Orend G, Lefebvre O. Laminin α1 orchestrates VEGFA functions in the ecosystem of colorectal carcinoma. Biol Cell 2018; 110:178-195. [PMID: 29907957 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Tumor stroma remodeling is a key feature of malignant tumors and can promote cancer progression. Laminins are major constituents of basement membranes that physically separate the epithelium from the underlying stroma. RESULTS By employing mouse models expressing high and low levels of the laminin α1 chain (LMα1), we highlighted its implication in a tumor-stroma crosstalk, thus leading to increased colon tumor incidence, angiogenesis and tumor growth. The underlying mechanism involves attraction of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts by LMα1, VEGFA expression triggered by the complex integrin α2β1-CXCR4 and binding of VEGFA to LM-111, which in turn promotes angiogenesis, tumor cell survival and proliferation. A gene signature comprising LAMA1, ITGB1, ITGA2, CXCR4 and VEGFA has negative predictive value in colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS Together, we have identified VEGFA, CXCR4 and α2β1 integrin downstream of LMα1 in colon cancer as of bad prognostic value for patient survival. SIGNIFICANCE This information opens novel opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Inserm UMR-S 949, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, F-67065, France
| | - Tristan Rupp
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Caroline Spenlé
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Ivo Jivkov
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Pattabhiraman Shankaranarayanan
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Annick Klein
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Laura Pisarsky
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, U.S.A
| | | | - Gérard Cremel
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Michèle Kedinger
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | | | | | - Erwan Pencreach
- EA 3430, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67098, France
| | | | - Patricia Simon-Assmann
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Gertraud Orend
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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24
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Rayagiri SS, Ranaldi D, Raven A, Mohamad Azhar NIF, Lefebvre O, Zammit PS, Borycki AG. Basal lamina remodeling at the skeletal muscle stem cell niche mediates stem cell self-renewal. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29540680 PMCID: PMC5852002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question in stem cell biology is the relationship between stem cells and their niche. Although previous reports have uncovered how signaling molecules released by niche cells support stem cell function, the role of the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) within the niche is unclear. Here, we show that upon activation, skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) induce local remodeling of the ECM and the deposition of laminin-α1 and laminin-α5 into the basal lamina of the satellite cell niche. Genetic ablation of laminin-α1, disruption of integrin-α6 signaling or blocking matrix metalloproteinase activity impairs satellite cell expansion and self-renewal. Collectively, our findings establish that remodeling of the ECM is an integral process of stem cell activity to support propagation and self-renewal, and may explain the effect laminin-α1-containing supports have on embryonic and adult stem cells, as well as the regenerative activity of exogenous laminin-111 therapy. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling is thought to have effects on muscle stem cells that support muscle homeostasis. Here the authors show ECM remodeling controls satellite cell self-renewal through deposition of laminin-α1 into the satellite cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantisree Sandeepani Rayagiri
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Biotherapeutics Development Unit, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Daniele Ranaldi
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alexander Raven
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, SCRM Building, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Nur Izzah Farhana Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Oxford Publishing (Malaysia), Shah Alam, 40150, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Inserm U1109 MN3T, F-67200, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.,LabEx Medalis Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Borycki
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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25
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Amini R, Rocha-Martins M, Norden C. Neuronal Migration and Lamination in the Vertebrate Retina. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:742. [PMID: 29375289 PMCID: PMC5767219 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the retina, like in most other brain regions, developing neurons are arranged into distinct layers giving the mature tissue its stratified appearance. This process needs to be highly controlled and orchestrated, as neuronal layering defects lead to impaired retinal function. To achieve successful neuronal layering and lamination in the retina and beyond, three main developmental steps need to be executed: First, the correct type of neuron has to be generated at a precise developmental time. Second, as most retinal neurons are born away from the position at which they later function, newborn neurons have to move to their final layer within the developing tissue, a process also termed neuronal lamination. Third, these neurons need to connect to their correct synaptic partners. Here, we discuss neuronal migration and lamination in the vertebrate retina and summarize our knowledge on these aspects of retinal development. We give an overview of how lamination emerges and discuss the different modes of neuronal translocation that occur during retinogenesis and what we know about the cell biological machineries driving them. In addition, retinal mosaics and their importance for correct retinal function are examined. We close by stating the open questions and future directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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26
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Falero-Perez J, Song YS, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. CYP1B1: A key regulator of redox homeostasis. TRENDS IN CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 13:27-45. [PMID: 30894785 PMCID: PMC6422340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CYP1B1 is a member of the CYP1 subfamily of CYP superfamily of enzymes, which contains three members, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1. CYP1B1 is expressed in both adult and fetal human extrahepatic tissues, including the parenchymal and stromal cells of most organs. Mutations in the CYP1B1 gene are linked to the development of primary congenital glaucoma in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Using Cyp1b1-deficient mice, we showed that CYP1B1 is constitutively expressed in retinal vascular cells with a significant role in retinal neovascularization during oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. We also showed CYP1B1 is constitutively expressed in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and its expression plays a significant role in the normal development and function of the TM tissue. We have observed that germline deletion of Cyp1b1 is associated with increased oxidative stress in the retinal vascular and TM cells in culture, and retinal and TM tissue in vivo. We showed increased oxidative stress was responsible for altered production of the extracellular matrix proteins and had a significant impact on cellular integrity and function of these tissues. Collectively, our studies have established an important role for CYP1B1 expression in modulation of tissue integrity and function through the regulation of cellular redox homeostasis and extracellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Falero-Perez
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI USA
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI USA
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI USA
- Departments of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI USA
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27
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Song G, Lin D, Bao L, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Gao Q. Effects of High Glucose on the Expression of LAMA1 and Biological Behavior of Choroid Retinal Endothelial Cells. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7504614. [PMID: 29967796 PMCID: PMC6008893 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7504614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the main causes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) characterized by thickening of the vascular basement membrane. Laminin alpha 1 (LAMA1) is a primary component of laminin, a major protein constituent of the basement membrane. In this study, we investigated the role of LAMA1 in the development of PDR. Retinal choroidal vascular endothelial cells (RF/6A line) were exposed to glucose at different concentrations (5 mM, 15 mM, 25 mM, and 35 mM) and analyzed for cell growth, migration, proliferation, and adhesion. LAMA1 expression was examined 24 and 48 h following glucose treatment using Western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. The results showed that the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of RF/6A cells were increased by high glucose, whereas LAMA1 expression was slightly higher at 15 mM but decreased at 25 mM and 35 mM glucose compared to control. Thus, the changes in the biological behavior of high glucose-exposed retinal vascular endothelial cells correspond to variations in LAMA1 expression, indicating a possibility for LAMA1 involvement in PDR development. Our findings suggest that LAMA1 may play a role in PDR and, thus, may serve as a potential target for DR diagnosis and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Da Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Licheng Bao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Haihua Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qianying Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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28
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Tao C, Zhang X. Retinal Proteoglycans Act as Cellular Receptors for Basement Membrane Assembly to Control Astrocyte Migration and Angiogenesis. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1832-1844. [PMID: 27829154 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The basement membrane is crucial for cell polarity, adhesion, and motility, but how it is assembled on the cell surface remains unclear. Here, we find that ablation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of proteoglycans in the neuroretina disrupts the retinal basement membrane, leading to arrested astrocyte migration and reduced angiogenesis. Using genetic deletion and time-lapse imaging, we show that retinal astrocytes require neuronal-derived PDGF as a chemoattractive cue and the retinal basement membrane as a migratory substrate. Genetic ablation of heparan sulfates does not produce the same defects as GAG null mutants. In contrast, enzymatic removal of heparan sulfates and chondroitin sulfates together inhibits de novo laminin network assembly. These results indicate that both heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans participate in retinal basement membrane assembly, thus promoting astrocyte migration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Tao
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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29
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Retinal vasculature development in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 63:1-19. [PMID: 29129724 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with external influences such as the supply of oxygen and nutrients. The developing mouse retinal vasculature is a useful model system to study these interactions because it is experimentally accessible for intra ocular injections and genetic manipulations, can be easily imaged and develops in a similar fashion to that of humans. Research using this model has provided insights about general principles of angiogenesis as well as pathologies that affect the developing retinal vasculature. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern the interactions between neurons, glial and vascular cells in the developing retina. This includes a review of mechanisms that shape the retinal vasculature, such as sprouting angiogenesis, vascular network remodelling and vessel maturation. We also explore how the disruption of these processes in mice can lead to pathology - such as oxygen induced retinopathy - and how this translates to human retinopathy of prematurity.
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30
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Krebs MP, Collin GB, Hicks WL, Yu M, Charette JR, Shi LY, Wang J, Naggert JK, Peachey NS, Nishina PM. Mouse models of human ocular disease for translational research. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183837. [PMID: 28859131 PMCID: PMC5578669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models provide a valuable tool for exploring pathogenic mechanisms underlying inherited human disease. Here, we describe seven mouse models identified through the Translational Vision Research Models (TVRM) program, each carrying a new allele of a gene previously linked to retinal developmental and/or degenerative disease. The mutations include four alleles of three genes linked to human nonsyndromic ocular diseases (Aipl1tvrm119, Aipl1tvrm127, Rpgrip1tvrm111, RhoTvrm334) and three alleles of genes associated with human syndromic diseases that exhibit ocular phentoypes (Alms1tvrm102, Clcn2nmf289, Fkrptvrm53). Phenotypic characterization of each model is provided in the context of existing literature, in some cases refining our current understanding of specific disease attributes. These murine models, on fixed genetic backgrounds, are available for distribution upon request and may be useful for understanding the function of the gene in the retina, the pathological mechanisms induced by its disruption, and for testing experimental approaches to treat the corresponding human ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Krebs
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Gayle B. Collin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Wanda L. Hicks
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Minzhong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Lan Ying Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jieping Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | - Neal S. Peachey
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Patsy M. Nishina
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
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31
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Dystroglycan Maintains Inner Limiting Membrane Integrity to Coordinate Retinal Development. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8559-8574. [PMID: 28760865 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0946-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper neural circuit formation requires the precise regulation of neuronal migration, axon guidance, and dendritic arborization. Mutations affecting the function of the transmembrane glycoprotein dystroglycan cause a form of congenital muscular dystrophy that is frequently associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Despite its importance in brain development, the role of dystroglycan in regulating retinal development remains poorly understood. Using a mouse model of dystroglycanopathy (ISPDL79* ) and conditional dystroglycan mutants of both sexes, we show that dystroglycan is critical for the proper migration, axon guidance, and dendritic stratification of neurons in the inner retina. Using genetic approaches, we show that dystroglycan functions in neuroepithelial cells as an extracellular scaffold to maintain the integrity of the retinal inner limiting membrane. Surprisingly, despite the profound disruptions in inner retinal circuit formation, spontaneous retinal activity is preserved. These results highlight the importance of dystroglycan in coordinating multiple aspects of retinal development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The extracellular environment plays a critical role in coordinating neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth during neural circuit development. The transmembrane glycoprotein dystroglycan functions as a receptor for multiple extracellular matrix proteins and its dysfunction leads to a form of muscular dystrophy frequently associated with neurodevelopmental defects. Our results demonstrate that dystroglycan is required for maintaining the structural integrity of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in the developing retina. In the absence of functional dystroglycan, ILM degeneration leads to defective migration, axon guidance, and mosaic spacing of neurons and a loss of multiple neuron types during retinal development. These results demonstrate that disorganization of retinal circuit development is a likely contributor to visual dysfunction in patients with dystroglycanopathy.
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32
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Zhou M, Wang H, Ren H, Jiang R, Zhang C, Wu X, Xu G. Large is required for normal astrocyte migration and retinal vasculature development. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:18. [PMID: 28428837 PMCID: PMC5392960 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) is a congenital developmental anomaly of the eye that accounts for about 5% of childhood blindness. The molecular mechanism of PFV remains unclear. As a glycosyltransferase of α-dystroglycan, LARGE mutations have been found in congenital muscular dystrophy patients with brain abnormalities. Spontaneous Large mutant mice displayed similar symptoms of human muscle-eye-brain disorders. However, the detailed roles of Large in ocular vasculature development still need to be uncovered. RESULTS In this paper, we report that a novel Large mutation generated by the piggyBac transposon insertion leads to PFV and abnormal retinal vasculature in mice. Glycosylation of α-DG, an essential component of the extracellular matrix, was significantly impaired in these Large mutants, leading to broken inner limiting membrane (ILM). As a guide of the retinal vasculature development, the distribution of retinal astrocytes became irregular within the retina, and many astrocytes abnormally migrated into the vitreous along with the hyaloid vessels in Large mutants. CONCLUSIONS Large is essential for ILM formation and retinal astrocyte migration. The novel Large mutant mouse can serve as a new PFV model to further dissect LARGE functions in ocular vasculature development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China.,Shanghai the Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Herui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China.,Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China.,Shanghai the Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China.,Shanghai the Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China.,Shanghai the Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Yao Y. Laminin: loss-of-function studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1095-1115. [PMID: 27696112 PMCID: PMC11107706 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Laminin, one of the most widely expressed extracellular matrix proteins, exerts many important functions in multiple organs/systems and at various developmental stages. Although its critical roles in embryonic development have been demonstrated, laminin's functions at later stages remain largely unknown, mainly due to its intrinsic complexity and lack of research tools (most laminin mutants are embryonic lethal). With the advance of genetic and molecular techniques, many new laminin mutants have been generated recently. These new mutants usually have a longer lifespan and show previously unidentified phenotypes. Not only do these studies suggest novel functions of laminin, but also they provide invaluable animal models that allow investigation of laminin's functions at late stages. Here, I first briefly introduce the nomenclature, structure, and biochemistry of laminin in general. Next, all the loss-of-function mutants/models for each laminin chain are discussed and their phenotypes compared. I hope to provide a comprehensive review on laminin functions and its loss-of-function models, which could serve as a reference for future research in this understudied field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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34
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Pajęcka K, Nielsen MN, Hansen TK, Williams JM. The formation of quiescent glomerular endothelial cell monolayer in vitro is strongly dependent on the choice of extracellular matrix coating. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:16-25. [PMID: 28237245 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nephropathy involves pathophysiological changes to the glomerulus. The primary glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) have emerged as an important tool for studying glomerulosclerotic mechanisms and in the screening process for drug-candidates. The success of the studies is dependent on the quality of the cell model. Therefore, we set out to establish an easy, reproducible model of the quiescent endothelial monolayer with the use of commercially available extracellular matrices (ECMs). METHODS Primary hGEnCs were seeded on various ECMs. Cell adhesion was monitored by an impedance sensing system. The localization of junctional proteins was assessed by immunofluorescence and the barrier function by passage of fluorescent dextrans and magnitude of VEGF response. RESULTS All ECM matrices except recombinant human laminin 111 (rhLN111) supported comparable cell proliferation. Culturing hGEnCs on rhLN521, rhLN511 or fibronectin resulted in a physiologically relevant barrier to 70kDa dextrans which was 82% tighter than that formed on collagen type IV. Furthermore, only hGEnCs cultured on rhLN521 or rhLN511 showed plasma-membrane localized zonula occludens-1 and vascular endothelial cadherin indicative of proper tight and adherens junctions (AJ). CONCLUSION We recommend culturing hGEnCs on the mature glomerular basement membrane laminin - rhLN521 - which, as the only commercially available ECM, promotes all of the characteristics of the quiescent hGEnC monolayer: cobblestone morphology, well-defined AJs and physiological perm-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Pajęcka
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Troels Krarup Hansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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35
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Giordano M, Muratore V, Babu D, Meazza C, Bozzola M. A 18p11.23-p11.31 microduplication in a boy with psychomotor delay, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, chorioretinal coloboma, deafness and GH deficiency. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:89. [PMID: 27980677 PMCID: PMC5135744 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rearrangements involving the short arm of chromosome 18 have been extensively described. Here we report a microduplication of 320.5–431.5 Kb at 18p11.31-p11.23 in a 10 year-old boy. Case presentation In a 10 year-old boy with moderate psychomotor delay, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, chorioretinal coloboma, deafness and growth hormone deficiency (GHD), an interstitial microduplication at 18p11.31-p11.23 was identified by array-CGH. This maternally inherited microduplication, encompasses three genes, namely ARHGAP28, LINC00668 and LAMA1 (a gene involved in cerebellum and retinal development). Conclusions The genotype-phenotype is discussed with particular attention to the LAMA1 gene, although it is difficult, as in many other similar situations, to assess the causality of the detected duplication in the absence of further studies aiming to explore the presence of co-occurring variants that could explain the incomplete penetrance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0298-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Giordano
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Muratore
- Internal Medicine and Therapeutics Department, Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Deepak Babu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Meazza
- Internal Medicine and Therapeutics Department, Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Bozzola
- Internal Medicine and Therapeutics Department, Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, University of Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Micalizzi A, Poretti A, Romani M, Ginevrino M, Mazza T, Aiello C, Zanni G, Baumgartner B, Borgatti R, Brockmann K, Camacho A, Cantalupo G, Haeusler M, Hikel C, Klein A, Mandrile G, Mercuri E, Rating D, Romaniello R, Santorelli FM, Schimmel M, Spaccini L, Teber S, von Moers A, Wente S, Ziegler A, Zonta A, Bertini E, Boltshauser E, Valente EM. Clinical, neuroradiological and molecular characterization of cerebellar dysplasia with cysts (Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome). Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1262-7. [PMID: 26932191 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar dysplasia with cysts and abnormal shape of the fourth ventricle, in the absence of significant supratentorial anomalies and of muscular involvement, defines recessively inherited Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome (PBS). Clinical features comprise non-progressive cerebellar ataxia, intellectual disability of variable degree, language impairment, ocular motor apraxia and frequent occurrence of myopia or retinopathy. Recently, loss-of-function variants in the LAMA1 gene were identified in six probands with PBS. Here we report the detailed clinical, neuroimaging and genetic characterization of 18 PBS patients from 15 unrelated families. Biallelic LAMA1 variants were identified in 14 families (93%). The only non-mutated proband presented atypical clinical and neuroimaging features, challenging the diagnosis of PBS. Sixteen distinct variants were identified, which were all novel. In particular, the frameshift variant c.[2935delA] recurred in six unrelated families on a shared haplotype, suggesting a founder effect. No LAMA1 variants could be detected in 27 probands with different cerebellar dysplasias or non-progressive cerebellar ataxia, confirming the strong correlate between LAMA1 variants and PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Micalizzi
- CSS-Mendel Institute, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marta Romani
- CSS-Mendel Institute, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Monia Ginevrino
- CSS-Mendel Institute, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- CSS-Mendel Institute, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Chiara Aiello
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Renato Borgatti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ana Camacho
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaetano Cantalupo
- Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martin Haeusler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Hikel
- Social Pediatic Centrum (SPZ), St Vinzenz Hospital, Dinslaken, Germany
| | - Andrea Klein
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Mandrile
- SCDU Medical Genetics, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Dietz Rating
- Pediatrics, St Marien and St Anna Hospital, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Mareike Schimmel
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Luigina Spaccini
- Clinical Genetic Unit, Department of Women, Mother and Neonates, 'Vittore Buzzi' Children Hospital, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
| | - Serap Teber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara Pediatrics, Hematology-Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arpad von Moers
- Department of Pediatrics, DRK Kliniken Berlin Westend, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Wente
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Zonta
- SCDU Medical Genetics, Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- CSS-Mendel Institute, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Vilboux T, Malicdan MCV, Chang YM, Guo J, Zerfas PM, Stephen J, Cullinane AR, Bryant J, Fischer R, Brooks BP, Zein WM, Wiggs EA, Zalewski CK, Poretti A, Bryan MM, Vemulapalli M, Mullikin JC, Kirby M, Anderson SM, Huizing M, Toro C, Gahl WA, Gunay-Aygun M. Cystic cerebellar dysplasia and biallelic LAMA1 mutations: a lamininopathy associated with tics, obsessive compulsive traits and myopia due to cell adhesion and migration defects. J Med Genet 2016; 53:318-29. [PMID: 27095636 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminins are heterotrimeric complexes, consisting of α, β and γ subunits that form a major component of basement membranes and extracellular matrix. Laminin complexes have different, but often overlapping, distributions and functions. METHODS Under our clinical protocol, NCT00068224, we have performed extensive clinical and neuropsychiatric phenotyping, neuroimaging and molecular analysis in patients with laminin α1 (LAMA1)-associated lamininopathy. We investigated the consequence of mutations in LAMA1 using patient-derived fibroblasts and neuronal cells derived from neuronal stem cells. RESULTS In this paper we describe individuals with biallelic mutations in LAMA1, all of whom had the cerebellar dysplasia, myopia and retinal dystrophy, in addition to obsessive compulsive traits, tics and anxiety. Patient-derived fibroblasts have impaired adhesion, reduced migration, abnormal morphology and increased apoptosis due to impaired activation of Cdc42, a member of the Rho family of GTPases that is involved in cytoskeletal dynamics. LAMA1 knockdown in human neuronal cells also showed abnormal morphology and filopodia formation, supporting the importance of LAMA1 in neuronal migration, and marking these cells potentially useful tools for disease modelling and therapeutic target discovery. CONCLUSION This paper broadens the phenotypes associated with LAMA1 mutations. We demonstrate that LAMA1 deficiency can lead to alteration in cytoskeletal dynamics, which may invariably lead to alteration in dendrite growth and axonal formation. Estimation of disease prevalence based on population studies in LAMA1 reveals a prevalence of 1-20 in 1 000 000. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00068224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Vilboux
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun Min Chang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Guo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew R Cullinane
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Joy Bryant
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics & Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edythe A Wiggs
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher K Zalewski
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melanie M Bryan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meghana Vemulapalli
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Kirby
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacie M Anderson
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Varshney S, Hunter DD, Brunken WJ. Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate Cellular Polarity and Tissue Structure in the Developing and Mature Retina. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 10:329-39. [PMID: 26730321 PMCID: PMC4687269 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.170354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetic networks and other intrinsic mechanisms regulate much of retinal development, interactions with the extracellular environment shape these networks and modify their output. The present review has focused on the role of one family of extracellular matrix molecules and their signaling pathways in retinal development. In addition to their effects on the developing retina, laminins play a role in maintaining Müller cell polarity and compartmentalization, thereby contributing to retinal homeostasis. This article which is intended for the clinical audience, reviews the fundamentals of retinal development, extracellular matrix organization and the role of laminins in retinal development. The role of laminin in cortical development is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Varshney
- Department of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, USA
| | - Dale D Hunter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - William J Brunken
- Department of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn NY, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Halfter W, Oertle P, Monnier CA, Camenzind L, Reyes-Lua M, Hu H, Candiello J, Labilloy A, Balasubramani M, Henrich PB, Plodinec M. New concepts in basement membrane biology. FEBS J 2015; 282:4466-79. [PMID: 26299746 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin sheets of extracellular matrix that outline epithelia, muscle fibers, blood vessels and peripheral nerves. The current view of BM structure and functions is based mainly on transmission electron microscopy imaging, in vitro protein binding assays, and phenotype analysis of human patients, mutant mice and invertebrata. Recently, MS-based protein analysis, biomechanical testing and cell adhesion assays with in vivo derived BMs have led to new and unexpected insights. Proteomic analysis combined with ultrastructural studies showed that many BMs undergo compositional and structural changes with advancing age. Atomic force microscopy measurements in combination with phenotype analysis have revealed an altered mechanical stiffness that correlates with specific BM pathologies in mutant mice and human patients. Atomic force microscopy-based height measurements strongly suggest that BMs are more than two-fold thicker than previously estimated, providing greater freedom for modelling the large protein polymers within BMs. In addition, data gathered using BMs extracted from mutant mice showed that laminin has a crucial role in BM stability. Finally, recent evidence demonstrate that BMs are bi-functionally organized, leading to the proposition that BM-sidedness contributes to the alternating epithelial and stromal tissue arrangements that are found in all metazoan species. We propose that BMs are ancient structures with tissue-organizing functions and were essential in the evolution of metazoan species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Halfter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Oertle
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe A Monnier
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leon Camenzind
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magaly Reyes-Lua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Huaiyu Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Upstate University Hospital, SUNY University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marija Plodinec
- Biozentrum and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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41
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Hasi-Zogaj M, Sebold C, Heard P, Carter E, Soileau B, Hill A, Rupert D, Perry B, Atkinson S, O'Donnell L, Gelfond J, Lancaster J, Fox PT, Hale DE, Cody JD. A review of 18p deletions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 169:251-64. [PMID: 26250845 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since 18p- was first described in 1963, much progress has been made in our understanding of this classic deletion condition. We have been able to establish a fairly complete picture of the phenotype when the deletion breakpoint occurs at the centromere, and we are working to establish the phenotypic effects when each gene on 18p is hemizygous. Our aim is to provide genotype-specific anticipatory guidance and recommendations to families with an 18p- diagnosis. In addition, establishing the molecular underpinnings of the condition will potentially suggest targets for molecular treatments. Thus, the next step is to establish the precise effects of specific gene deletions. As we look forward to deepening our understanding of 18p-, our focus will continue to be on the establishment of robust genotype-phenotype correlations and the penetrance of these phenotypes. We will continue to follow our 18p- cohort closely as they age to determine the presence or absence of some of these diagnoses, including spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), and dystonia. We will also continue to refine the critical regions for other phenotypes as we enroll additional (hopefully informative) participants into the research study and as the mechanisms of the genes in these regions are elucidated. Mouse models will also be developed to further our understanding of the effects of hemizygosity as well as to serve as models for treatment development.
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42
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The role of extracellular matrix in retinal vascular development and preretinal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2015; 133:30-6. [PMID: 25819452 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in angiogenesis. ECM degrading enzymes breakdown the pre-existing vascular basement membrane at an early stage of angiogenesis and subsequently degrade stromal ECM as the new vessels invade into tissues. Conversely certain ECM components including collagen, fibronectin or fibrin are required for endothelial cell migration and tube morphogenesis. As the new vessels form they lay down a basement membrane that surrounds the endothelial tubes and is essential for their stability. In the rodent eye the transient expression of fibronectin and matricellular proteins plays a key role in retinal vascular development. In pathological retinal angiogenesis, such as in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, preretinal neovascularization occurs where new blood vessels invade the cortical vitreous gel and these blood vessels require vitreous collagen for their growth. The vitreous is normally anti-angiogenic and contains endogenous ECM inhibitors of angiogenesis including opticin and thombospondins, and ECM fragments such as endostatin. In preretinal neovascularization, the combined anti-angiogenic effects of these molecules are overcome by an excess of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and new vessels grow into the vitreous with potentially blinding sequelae.
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43
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Tao C, Zhang X. Development of astrocytes in the vertebrate eye. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1501-10. [PMID: 25236977 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes represent the earliest glial population in the embryonic optic nerve, contributing critically to retinal angiogenesis and formation of brain-retinal-barrier. Despite of many developmental and clinical implications of astrocytes, answers to some of the most fundamental questions of this unique type of glial cells remain elusive. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the origination, proliferation, and differentiation of astrocytes, their journey from the optic nerve toward the neuroretina, and their involvement in physiological and pathological development of the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Tao
- Stark Neuroscience Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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44
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Sawma P, Roth L, Blanchard C, Bagnard D, Crémel G, Bouveret E, Duneau JP, Sturgis JN, Hubert P. Evidence for new homotypic and heterotypic interactions between transmembrane helices of proteins involved in receptor tyrosine kinase and neuropilin signaling. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:4099-4111. [PMID: 25315821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signaling in eukaryotic cells frequently relies on dynamic interactions of single-pass membrane receptors involving their transmembrane (TM) domains. To search for new such interactions, we have developed a bacterial two-hybrid system to screen for both homotypic and heterotypic interactions between TM helices. We have explored the dimerization of TM domains from 16 proteins involved in both receptor tyrosine kinase and neuropilin signaling. This study has revealed several new interactions. We found that the TM domain of Mucin-4, a putative intramembrane ligand for erbB2, dimerizes not only with erbB2 but also with all four members of the erbB family. In the Neuropilin/Plexin family of receptors, we showed that the TM domains of Neuropilins 1 and 2 dimerize with themselves and also with Plexin-A1, Plexin-B1, and L1CAM, but we were unable to observe interactions with several other TM domains notably those of members of the VEGF receptor family. The potentially important Neuropilin 1/Plexin-A1 interaction was confirmed using a surface plasmon resonance assay. This work shows that TM domain interactions can be highly specific. Exploring further the propensities of TM helix-helix association in cell membrane should have important practical implications related to our understanding of the structure-function of bitopic proteins' assembly and subsequent function, especially in the regulation of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sawma
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR 7255, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Lise Roth
- INSERM U 1109 and University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cécile Blanchard
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR 7255, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- INSERM U 1109 and University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gérard Crémel
- INSERM U 1109 and University of Strasbourg, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bouveret
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR 7255, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Duneau
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR 7255, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - James N Sturgis
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR 7255, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Pierre Hubert
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, UMR 7255, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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Hartsock A, Lee C, Arnold V, Gross JM. In vivo analysis of hyaloid vasculature morphogenesis in zebrafish: A role for the lens in maturation and maintenance of the hyaloid. Dev Biol 2014; 394:327-39. [PMID: 25127995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two vascular networks nourish the embryonic eye as it develops - the hyaloid vasculature, located at the anterior of the eye between the retina and lens, and the choroidal vasculature, located at the posterior of the eye, surrounding the optic cup. Little is known about hyaloid development and morphogenesis, however. To begin to identify the morphogenetic underpinnings of hyaloid formation, we utilized in vivo time-lapse confocal imaging to characterize morphogenesis of the zebrafish hyaloid through 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Our data segregate hyaloid formation into three distinct morphogenetic stages: Stage I: arrival of hyaloid cells at the lens and formation of the hyaloid loop; Stage II: formation of a branched hyaloid network; Stage III: refinement of the hyaloid network. Utilizing fixed and dissected tissues, distinct Stage II and Stage III aspects of hyaloid formation were quantified over time. Combining in vivo imaging with microangiography, we demonstrate that the hyaloid system becomes fully enclosed by 5dpf. To begin to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying hyaloid morphogenesis, we identified a recessive mutation in the mab21l2 gene, and in a subset of mab21l2 mutants the lens does not form. Utilizing these "lens-less" mutants, we determined whether the lens was required for hyaloid morphogenesis. Our data demonstrate that the lens is not required for Stage I of hyaloid formation; however, Stages II and III of hyaloid formation are disrupted in the absence of a lens, supporting a role for the lens in hyaloid maturation and maintenance. Taken together, this study provides a foundation on which the cellular, molecular and embryologic mechanisms underlying hyaloid morphogenesis can be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartsock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Victoria Arnold
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Gross
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Aldinger K, Mosca S, Tétreault M, Dempsey J, Ishak G, Hartley T, Phelps I, Lamont R, O’Day D, Basel D, Gripp K, Baker L, Stephan M, Bernier F, Boycott K, Majewski J, Parboosingh J, Innes A, Doherty D, Innes AM, Doherty D. Mutations in LAMA1 cause cerebellar dysplasia and cysts with and without retinal dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:227-34. [PMID: 25105227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar dysplasia with cysts (CDC) is an imaging finding typically seen in combination with cobblestone cortex and congenital muscular dystrophy in individuals with dystroglycanopathies. More recently, CDC was reported in seven children without neuromuscular involvement (Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome). Using a combination of homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified biallelic mutations in LAMA1 as the cause of CDC in seven affected individuals (from five families) independent from those included in the phenotypic description of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. Most of these individuals also have high myopia, and some have retinal dystrophy and patchy increased T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR) signal in cortical white matter. In one additional family, we identified two siblings who have truncating LAMA1 mutations in combination with retinal dystrophy and mild cerebellar dysplasia without cysts, indicating that cysts are not an obligate feature associated with loss of LAMA1 function. This work expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with the lamininopathy disorders and highlights the tissue-specific roles played by different laminin-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Riccomagno MM, Sun LO, Brady CM, Alexandropoulos K, Seo S, Kurokawa M, Kolodkin AL. Cas adaptor proteins organize the retinal ganglion cell layer downstream of integrin signaling. Neuron 2014; 81:779-86. [PMID: 24559672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stratification of retinal neuronal cell bodies and lamination of their processes provide a scaffold upon which neural circuits can be built. However, the molecular mechanisms that direct retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to resolve into a single-cell retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) are not well understood. The extracellular matrix protein laminin conveys spatial information that instructs the migration, process outgrowth, and reorganization of GCL cells. Here, we show that the β1-Integrin laminin receptor is required for RGC positioning and reorganization into a single-cell GCL layer. β1-Integrin signaling within migrating GCL cells requires Cas signaling-adaptor proteins, and in the absence of β1-Integrin or Cas function retinal neurons form ectopic cell clusters beyond the inner-limiting membrane (ILM), phenocopying laminin mutants. These data reveal an essential role for Cas adaptor proteins in β1-Integrin-mediated signaling events critical for the formation of the single-cell GCL in the mammalian retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Riccomagno
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lu O Sun
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Colleen M Brady
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Konstantina Alexandropoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sachiko Seo
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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48
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Kostourou V, Papalazarou V. Non-collagenous ECM proteins in blood vessel morphogenesis and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2403-13. [PMID: 24576673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is constituted by diverse composite structures, which determine the specific to each organ, histological architecture and provides cells with biological information, mechanical support and a scaffold for adhesion and migration. The pleiotropic effects of the ECM stem from the dynamic changes in its molecular composition and the ability to remodel in order to effectively regulate biological outcomes. Besides collagens, fibronectin and laminin are two major fiber-forming constituents of various ECM structures. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will focus on the properties and the biological functions of non-collagenous extracellular matrix especially on laminin and fibronectin that are currently emerging as important regulators of blood vessel formation and function in health and disease. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The ECM is a fundamental component of the microenvironment of blood vessels, with activities extending beyond providing a vascular scaffold; extremely versatile it directly or indirectly modulates all essential cellular functions crucial for angiogenesis, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation and lumen formation. Specifically, fibronectin and laminins play decisive roles in blood vessel morphogenesis both during embryonic development and in pathological conditions, such as cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Emerging evidence demonstrates the importance of ECM function during embryonic development, organ formation and tissue homeostasis. A wealth of data also illustrates the crucial role of the ECM in several human pathophysiological processes, including fibrosis, skeletal diseases, vascular pathologies and cancer. Notably, several ECM components have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for various diseases, including cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Kostourou
- Vascular Adhesion Lab, BSRC Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Str., Vari, 166 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Papalazarou
- Vascular Adhesion Lab, BSRC Alexander Fleming, 34 Fleming Str., Vari, 166 72 Athens, Greece
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Lens extrusion from Laminin alpha 1 mutant zebrafish. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:524929. [PMID: 24526906 PMCID: PMC3914655 DOI: 10.1155/2014/524929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report analysis of the ocular lens phenotype of the recessive, larval lethal zebrafish mutant, lama1a69/a69. Previous work revealed that this mutant has a shortened body axis and eye defects including a defective hyaloid vasculature, focal corneal dysplasia, and loss of the crystalline lens. While these studies highlight the importance of laminin α1 in lens development, a detailed analysis of the lens defects seen in these mutants was not reported. In the present study, we analyze the lenticular anomalies seen in the lama1a69/a69 mutants and show that the lens defects result from the anterior extrusion of lens material from the eye secondary to structural defects in the lens capsule and developing corneal epithelium associated with basement membrane loss. Our analysis provides further insights into the role of the lens capsule and corneal basement membrane in the structural integrity of the developing eye.
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50
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Gnanaguru G, Bachay G, Biswas S, Pinzón-Duarte G, Hunter DD, Brunken WJ. Laminins containing the β2 and γ3 chains regulate astrocyte migration and angiogenesis in the retina. Development 2013; 140:2050-60. [PMID: 23571221 DOI: 10.1242/dev.087817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies of retinal blood vessels are among the major causes of blindness worldwide. A key cell type that regulates retinal vascular development is the astrocyte. Generated extrinsically to the retina, astrocytes migrate into the retina through the optic nerve head. Even though there is a strong correlation between astrocyte distribution and retinal vascular development, the factors that guide astrocytes into the retina remain unclear. In this study, we show that astrocytes migrate within a laminin-containing basement membrane - the inner limiting membrane. Genetic deletion of the laminin β2 and γ3 chains affects astrocyte migration and spatial distribution. We show that laminins act as haptotactic factors in vitro in an isoform-specific manner, inducing astrocyte migration and promoting astrocyte differentiation. The addition of exogenous laminins to laminin-null retinal explants rescues astrocyte migration and spatial patterning. Furthermore, we show that the loss of laminins reduces β1 integrin expression in astrocytes. Culturing laminin-null retinal astrocytes on laminin substrates restores focal localization of β1 integrin. Finally, we show that laminins containing β2 and γ3 chains regulate subsequent retinal blood vessel growth and maintain vascular integrity. These in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate clearly that laminins containing β2 and γ3 chains are indispensable for migration and spatial organization of astrocytes and that they play a crucial role during retinal angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalan Gnanaguru
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, and the SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, USA
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