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Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang W, Zhang B, Yang Z. Emerging role and therapeutic implications of p53 in intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:433. [PMID: 38040675 PMCID: PMC10692240 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is a common degenerative musculoskeletal disease that imposes a huge economic burden on both individuals and society. With the aggravation of social aging, the incidence of LBP has increased globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of LBP. Currently, IDD treatment strategies include physiotherapy, medication, and surgery; however, none can address the root cause by ending the degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, in recent years, targeted therapy based on specific molecules has brought hope for treating IDD. The tumor suppressor gene p53 produces a transcription factor that regulates cell metabolism and survival. Recently, p53 was shown to play an important role in maintaining IVD microenvironment homeostasis by regulating IVD cell senescence, apoptosis, and metabolism by activating downstream target genes. This study reviews research progress regarding the potential role of p53 in IDD and discusses the challenges of targeting p53 in the treatment of IDD. This review will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of IDD and provide insights for the future development of precision treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shouye Hu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weisong Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binfei Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen M, Wang W, Hu S, Tong Y, Li Y, Wei Q, Yu L, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Liu L, Ju Z, Wang X, Jin H, Feng L. Co-targeting WIP1 and PARP induces synthetic lethality in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:39. [PMID: 35346236 PMCID: PMC8962187 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers. Due to limited strategies for effective treatments, patients with advanced HCC have a very poor prognosis. This study aims to identify new insights in HCC to develop novel strategies for HCC management. Methods The role of WIP1 (wild type p53 induced protein phosphatase1) in HCC was analyzed in HCC cells, xenograft model, DEN (Diethylnitrosamine) induced mice liver cancer model with WIP1 knockout mice, and TCGA database. DNA damage was evaluated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, western blotting, comet assay, and Immunofluorescence. Results High expression of WIP1 is associated with the poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Genetically and chemically suppression of WIP1 drastically reduced HCC cell proliferation. Besides, WIP1 knockout retarded DEN induced mice hepato-carcinogenesis. Mechanically, WIP1 inhibition induced DNA damage by increasing H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX). Therefore, suppression of WIP1 and PARP induced synthetic lethality in HCC in vitro and in vivo by augmenting DNA damage. Conclusion WIP1 plays an oncogenic effect in HCC development, and targeting WIP1-dependent DNA damage repair alone or in combination with PARP inhibition might be a reasonable strategy for HCC management. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00850-2.
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Blödorn EB, Domingues WB, Komninou ER, Daneluz L, Dellagostin EN, Weege A, Varela AS, Corcini CD, Collares TV, Campos VF. Voltages up to 600V did not affect cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa on capillary-type electroporation. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:416-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Cells undergoing oncogenic transformation frequently inactivate tumor suppressor pathways that could prevent their uncontrolled growth. Among those pathways p53 and p38MAPK pathways play a critical role in regulation of cell cycle, senescence and cell death in response to activation of oncogenes, stress and DNA damage. Consequently, these two pathways are important in determining the sensitivity of tumor cells to anti-cancer treatment. Wild type p53-induced phosphatase, Wip1, is involved in governance of both pathways. Recently, strategies directed to manipulation with Wip1 activity proposed to advance current day anticancer treatment and novel chemical compounds synthesized to improve specificity of manipulation with Wip1 activity. Here we reviewed the history of Wip1 studies in vitro and in vivo, in genetically modified animal models that support Wip1 role in tumorigenesis through regulation of p53 and p38MAPK pathways. Based on our knowledge we propose several recommendations for future more accurate studies of Wip1 interactions with other pathways involved in tumorigenesis using recently developed tools and for adoption of Wip1 manipulation strategies in anti-cancer therapy.
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Syk and IRAK1 Contribute to Immunopharmacological Activities of Anthraquinone-2-carboxlic Acid. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060809. [PMID: 27338330 PMCID: PMC6272897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone-2-carboxlic acid (9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, AQCA) was identified as one of the major anthraquinones in Brazilian taheebo. Since there was no report explaining its immunopharmacological actions, in this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of AQCA-mediated anti-inflammatory activity using reporter gene assays, kinase assays, immunoblot analyses, and overexpression strategies with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. AQCA was found to suppress the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 from LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages without displaying any toxic side effects. Molecular analysis revealed that AQCA was able to inhibit the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 pathways by direct suppression of upstream signaling enzymes including interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Therefore, our data strongly suggest that AQCA-mediated suppression of inflammatory responses could be managed by a direct interference of signaling cascades including IRAK and Syk, linked to the activation of NF-κB and AP-1.
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Hat B, Kochańczyk M, Bogdał MN, Lipniacki T. Feedbacks, Bifurcations, and Cell Fate Decision-Making in the p53 System. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004787. [PMID: 26928575 PMCID: PMC4771203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor is a regulator of key cellular processes including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In this theoretical study, we investigate how the complex circuitry of the p53 network allows for stochastic yet unambiguous cell fate decision-making. The proposed Markov chain model consists of the regulatory core and two subordinated bistable modules responsible for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The regulatory core is controlled by two negative feedback loops (regulated by Mdm2 and Wip1) responsible for oscillations, and two antagonistic positive feedback loops (regulated by phosphatases Wip1 and PTEN) responsible for bistability. By means of bifurcation analysis of the deterministic approximation we capture the recurrent solutions (i.e., steady states and limit cycles) that delineate temporal responses of the stochastic system. Direct switching from the limit-cycle oscillations to the “apoptotic” steady state is enabled by the existence of a subcritical Neimark—Sacker bifurcation in which the limit cycle loses its stability by merging with an unstable invariant torus. Our analysis provides an explanation why cancer cell lines known to have vastly diverse expression levels of Wip1 and PTEN exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to DNA damage: from a fast transition to a high level of p53 killer (a p53 phosphoform which promotes commitment to apoptosis) in cells characterized by high PTEN and low Wip1 levels to long-lasting p53 level oscillations in cells having PTEN promoter methylated (as in, e.g., MCF-7 cell line). Cancers are diseases of signaling networks. Transcription factor p53 is a pivotal node of a network that integrates a variety of stress signals and governs critical processes of DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Somewhat paradoxically, despite the fact that carcinogenesis is prevalently caused by p53 network malfunction, most of our knowledge about p53 signaling is based on cancer or immortalized cell lines. In this paper, we construct a mathematical model of intact p53 network to understand dynamics of non-cancerous cells and then dynamics of cancerous cells by introducing perturbations to the regulatory system. Cell fate decisions are enabled by the presence of interlinked feedback loops which give rise to a rich repertoire of behaviors. We explain and analyze by means of numerical simulations how the dynamical structure of the regulatory system allows for generating unambiguous single-cell fate decisions, also in the case when the cell population splits into an apoptotic and a surviving subpopulation. Perturbation analysis provides an explanation why cancer cell lines known to have vastly diverse expression levels of p53 regulators can exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Hat
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kochańczyk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta N. Bogdał
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lipniacki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Ma X, Han J, Wu Q, Liu H, Shi S, Wang C, Wang Y, Xiao J, Zhao J, Jiang J, Wan C. Involvement of dysregulated Wip1 in manganese-induced p53 signaling and neuronal apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:17-27. [PMID: 25791630 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been known to induce neuronal death and neurodegenerative symptoms. However, the precise mechanisms underlying Mn neurotoxicity remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we established a Mn-exposed rat model and found that downregulation of wild type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) might contribute to p53 activation and resultant neuronal apoptosis following Mn exposure. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the expression of Wip1 was markedly decreased following Mn exposure. In addition, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that Mn exposure led to significant reduction in the number of Wip1-positive neurons. Accordingly, the expression of Mdm2 was progressively decreased, which was accompanied with markedly increased expression of p53, as well as the ratio of Bax/Bcl-xl. Furthermore, we showed that Mn exposure decreased the viability and induced apparent apoptosis in NFG-differentiated neuron-like PC12 cells. Importantly, the expression of Wip1 decreased progressively, whereas the level of cellular p53 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-xl were elevated, which resembled the expression of the proteins in animal model studies. Depletion of p53 significantly ameliorated Mn-mediated cytotoxic effect in PC12 cells. In addition, ectopic expression of Wip1 attenuated Mn-induced p53 signaling as well as apoptosis in PC12 cells. Finally, we observed that depletion of Wip1 augmented Mn-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that downregulated Wip1 expression plays an important role in Mn-induced neuronal death in the brain striatum via the modulation of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ma
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingling Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanzhang Liu
- The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangshi Shi
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueran Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianya Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China; The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China; The Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Ali AY, Kim JY, Pelletier JF, Vanderhyden BC, Bachvarov DR, Tsang BK. Akt confers cisplatin chemoresistance in human gynecological carcinoma cells by modulating PPM1D stability. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1301-14. [PMID: 25154814 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) and cervical cancer (CECA) are lethal gynecological malignancies. Cisplatin (CDDP) and platinum derivatives are first line chemotherapeutics and their resistance impedes successful treatment. Understanding the molecular dysregulation underlying chemoresistance is important in developing rational therapeutic strategies. We have established that Protein Phosphatase Magnesium-dependent 1 D (PPM1D) confers CDDP resistance in gynecological cancer cells by deactivating p53. However, whether CDDP regulates intra-cellular PPM1D localization and whether this regulation is different between chemosensitive and chemoresistant cancer cells is unknown. Moreover, whether Akt regulates PPM1D in the context of CDDP resistance has not been studied. To illustrate the role of PPM1D in gynecological cancer cell chemoresistance and its regulation by Akt we have demonstrated that: (a) CDDP induced PPM1D down-regulation through proteasomal degradation in sensitive CECA cells; (b) CDDP induced PPM1D nuclear localization in resistant CECA cells, and nuclear exclusion in sensitive CECA cells and OVCA xenografts; (c) Over-expression of active Akt in sensitive CECA cells stabilized PPM1D content through inhibition of CDDP-induced PPM1D down-regulation; (d) Inhibition of Akt activity in resistant OVCA cells leads to decreased PPM1D stability and CDDP-induced down-regulation in resistant CECA cells; and (e) PPM1D is highly expressed in human ovarian tumor subtypes and in a tissue microarray panel of human ovarian tumors. In conclusion, we have established that PPM1D plays an important role in promoting CDDP resistance and as a novel downstream target of Akt, PPM1D mediates its action in conferring CDDP resistance in gynecological cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Ali
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-François Pelletier
- Département de Médecine Moleculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimcho R Bachvarov
- Département de Médecine Moleculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,World Class University (WCU) Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Q, Li W, Chen T, He Y, Deng W, Luo H, Xie J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis serine protease Rv3668c can manipulate the host-pathogen interaction via Erk-NF-κB axis-mediated cytokine differential expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:686-98. [PMID: 24684623 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a serious global public health concern. About one-third of the global population has been latently infected with this pathogen. MTB proteases are important virulence factors and involve in subverting the host immunity. MTB protease Rv3668c was implicated in drug action and dormancy by Gene Expression Omnibus data. To define the role of Rv3668c in pathogen-host interaction, we constructed recombinant strain Mycobacterium smegmatis-Rv3668c (Ms-Rv3668c). The resultant strains were used to challenge the human macrophage cell line U937. The cytokine levels and the survival of recombinants and macrophages were monitored. The results showed that recombinant Ms-Rv3668c specifically upregulated the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and downregulated the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by U937 cells, consistent with the upregulated transcription of TNF-α and IL-1β. Rv3668c recombinants demonstrated prolonged survival within the U937 cells and accelerated the death of the host cells. Inhibitor experiments showed that the ERK-NF-κB axis was involved in the Rv3668c-triggered TNF-α and IL-1β changes. These results provided evidence for the engagement of Rv3668c in the interaction between Mycobacterium and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanju Zhao
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Eco-Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University , Chongqing, China
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10
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Choi Y, Kim JK, Yoo JY. NFκB and STAT3 synergistically activate the expression of FAT10, a gene counteracting the tumor suppressor p53. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:642-55. [PMID: 24518302 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the main causes of cancer, yet the molecular mechanism underlying this effect is not fully understood. In this study, we identified FAT10 as a potential target gene of STAT3, the expression of which is synergistically induced by NFκB co-stimulation. STAT3 binding stabilizes NFκB on the FAT10 promoter and leads to maximum induction of FAT10 gene expression. Increased FAT10 represses the transcriptional activity of the tumor suppressor p53, a protein that accelerates the protein degradation of FAT10. This FAT10-p53 double-negative regulation is critical in the control of tumorigenesis, as overexpressed FAT10 facilitates the tumor progression in the solid tumor model. In conclusion, transcriptional synergy between STAT3 and NFκB functions to put weight on FAT10 in the mutually inhibitory FAT10-p53 regulatory loop and thus favors tumorigenesis under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwook Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Sciences Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joo-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ali AY, Farrand L, Kim JY, Byun S, Suh JY, Lee HJ, Tsang BK. Molecular determinants of ovarian cancer chemoresistance: new insights into an old conundrum. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1271:58-67. [PMID: 23050965 PMCID: PMC3499654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Cisplatin and its derivatives are first-line chemotherapeutics, and their resistance is a major hurdle in successful ovarian cancer treatment. Understanding the molecular dysregulation underlying chemoresistance is important for enhancing therapeutic outcome. Here, we review two established pathways in cancer chemoresistance. p53 is a major tumor suppressor regulating proliferation and apoptosis, and its mutation is a frequent event in human malignancies. The PI3K/Akt axis is a key oncogenic pathway regulating survival and tumorigenesis by controlling several tumor suppressors, including p53. The interplay between these pathways is well established, although the oncogenic phosphatase PPM1D adds a new layer to this intricate relationship and provides new insights into the processes determining cell fate. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway by functional food compounds as an adjunct to chemotherapeutics may tip the balance in favor of apoptosis rather than survival, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and reducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y Ali
- Department of Cellular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Liang C, Guo E, Lu S, Wang S, Kang C, Chang L, Liu L, Zhang G, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Ma S, Wang L, Jiao BH. Over-expression of Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 confers poor prognosis of patients with gliomas. Brain Res 2012; 1444:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Park JY, Song JY, Kim HM, Han HS, Seol HS, Jang SJ, Choi J. p53-Independent expression of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) in methylmethane sulfonate-treated cancer cell lines and human tumors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:896-904. [PMID: 22405851 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1, PPM1D) is induced by p53 in response to various stressors and dephosphorylates cellular target proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint pathways. The Wip1 gene is frequently amplified or overexpressed in human cancers, promoting tumor growth by switching off major checkpoint kinases and p53. To explore wild-type p53-independent Wip1 induction, Wip1 promoter activity and its transcript level were evaluated by luciferase assay and real-time PCR, after methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) treatment in breast cancer cell lines and p53-null cell lines. Wip1 promoter activities in response to UV irradiation and various anti-cancer agents were compared between wild-type and a p53-response element (p53RE) mutated construct. Wip1 expression and its effects were examined in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colon tumor cells by using Wip1-specific siRNA. MMS induced Wip1 promoter activity in Hs578T, MDA-MB-231, and SK-BR-3 cells expressing DNA binding-deficient p53 mutants. A549-E6 and HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells retained substantial Wip1 induction. Wip1 promoter activity was reduced, but not eliminated, in cells expressing a promoter containing a mutated p53-response element. Wip1 induction was not blocked by SB202190 or SP600125. MMS increased Wip1 expression in primary non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing a p53 R175H mutant. Our data indicate that Wip1 is induced in the absence of functional p53, like p38 MAPK and JNK, as a stress response terminator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Macurek L, Benada J, Müllers E, Halim VA, Krejčíková K, Burdová K, Pecháčková S, Hodný Z, Lindqvist A, Medema RH, Bartek J. Downregulation of Wip1 phosphatase modulates the cellular threshold of DNA damage signaling in mitosis. Cell Cycle 2012; 12:251-62. [PMID: 23255129 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly challenged by DNA damage and protect their genome integrity by activation of an evolutionary conserved DNA damage response pathway (DDR). A central core of DDR is composed of a spatiotemporally ordered net of post-translational modifications, among which protein phosphorylation plays a major role. Activation of checkpoint kinases ATM/ATR and Chk1/2 leads to a temporal arrest in cell cycle progression (checkpoint) and allows time for DNA repair. Following DNA repair, cells re-enter the cell cycle by checkpoint recovery. Wip1 phosphatase (also called PPM1D) dephosphorylates multiple proteins involved in DDR and is essential for timely termination of the DDR. Here we have investigated how Wip1 is regulated in the context of the cell cycle. We found that Wip1 activity is downregulated by several mechanisms during mitosis. Wip1 protein abundance increases from G(1) phase to G(2) and declines in mitosis. Decreased abundance of Wip1 during mitosis is caused by proteasomal degradation. In addition, Wip1 is phosphorylated at multiple residues during mitosis, and this leads to inhibition of its enzymatic activity. Importantly, ectopic expression of Wip1 reduced γH2AX staining in mitotic cells and decreased the number of 53BP1 nuclear bodies in G(1) cells. We propose that the combined decrease and inhibition of Wip1 in mitosis decreases the threshold necessary for DDR activation and enables cells to react adequately even to modest levels of DNA damage encountered during unperturbed mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Macurek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Lowe J, Cha H, Lee MO, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Fornace AJ. Regulation of the Wip1 phosphatase and its effects on the stress response. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2012; 17:1480-98. [PMID: 22201816 PMCID: PMC3508688 DOI: 10.2741/3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wip1 (PPM1D) is a stress responsive PP2C phosphatase that plays a key role in stress signaling. Although originally identified as a gene induced by p53 after genotoxic stress, we now know that Wip1 expression is additionally regulated by other mechanisms. Wip1 is not only a target of p53, but is also a target of other transcription factors, including Estrogen Receptor-alpha and NF-kappaB. Additionally, Wip1 expression is regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms such as mRNA stabilization and alternative splicing. Upon induction, Wip1 dampens the stress response by dephosphorylating and inactivating proteins such as p53, p38 MAPK, and ATM, usually as part of a negative feedback loop. As a result, Wip1 functions to abrogate cell cycle checkpoints and inhibit senescence, apoptosis, DNA repair, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Wip1 is overexpressed in several types of human cancers and has oncogenic functions. The regulation of Wip1, the role of Wip1 in stress signaling, and the cooperation of Wip1 with oncogenes in promoting tumorigenesis will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lowe
- Chromosome Stability group, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The National Institute for Environmental and Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, N.C., United States of America
| | - Hyukjin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sharlyn J. Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, M.D., United States of America
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, M.D., United States of America
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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López-Camarillo C, Ocampo EA, Casamichana ML, Pérez-Plasencia C, Álvarez-Sánchez E, Marchat LA. Protein kinases and transcription factors activation in response to UV-radiation of skin: implications for carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 13:142-72. [PMID: 22312244 PMCID: PMC3269678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important environmental factor that leads to immune suppression, inflammation, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. Here, we reviewed the specific signal transduction pathways and transcription factors involved in the cellular response to UV-irradiation. Increasing experimental data supporting a role for p38, MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, and ATM kinases in the response network to UV exposure is discussed. We also reviewed the participation of NF-κB, AP-1, and NRF2 transcription factors in the control of gene expression after UV-irradiation. In addition, we discussed the promising chemotherapeutic intervention of transcription factors signaling by natural compounds. Finally, we focused on the review of data emerging from the use of DNA microarray technology to determine changes in global gene expression in keratinocytes and melanocytes in response to UV treatment. Efforts to obtain a comprehensive portrait of the transcriptional events regulating photodamage of intact human epidermis after UV exposure reveals the existence of novel factors participating in UV-induced cell death. Progress in understanding the multitude of mechanisms induced by UV-irradiation could lead to the potential use of protein kinases and novel proteins as specific targets for the prevention and control of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- César López-Camarillo
- Genomics Sciences Program, Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, University Autonomous of Mexico City, Av. San Lorenzo 290, 03100, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.L.-C.); (E.Á.-S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-5488-6661 ext. 15307
| | - Elena Aréchaga Ocampo
- Carcinogenesis Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, Av. Saint Fernando 22, 14080, México; E-Mail:
| | - Mavil López Casamichana
- Genomics Sciences Program, Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, University Autonomous of Mexico City, Av. San Lorenzo 290, 03100, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.L.-C.); (E.Á.-S.)
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Massive Sequencing Unit, National Institute of Cancerology, Av. Saint Fernando 22, 14080, México; E-Mail:
- Genomics Laboratory, FES-I, UBIMED, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. De los Barrios 1, 54090, México
| | - Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez
- Genomics Sciences Program, Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, University Autonomous of Mexico City, Av. San Lorenzo 290, 03100, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.L.-C.); (E.Á.-S.)
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Biotechnology Program, Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, National School of Medicine and Homeopathy of the National Polytechnic Institute, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, 07320, Mexico; E-Mail:
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Matito C, Agell N, Sanchez-Tena S, Torres JL, Cascante M. Protective effect of structurally diverse grape procyanidin fractions against UV-induced cell damage and death. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4489-4495. [PMID: 21405100 DOI: 10.1021/jf103692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecules exert a variety of harmful effects by altering key cellular functions and may result in cell death. Several studies have demonstrated that human skin can be protected against UV radiation by using plant-derived antioxidants. Here we evaluated the in vitro capacity of several antioxidant polyphenolic fractions from grape, which differ in their degree of polymerization and percentage of galloylation, to protect HaCaT human keratinocytes against UV-induced oxidative damage. These fractions inhibited both basal and UVB- or UVA-induced intracellular ROS generation in this cell line. Consequently, the same fractions inhibited p38 and JNK1/2 activation induced by UVB or UVA radiation. The highest protective effect was for fractions rich in procyanidin oligomers and gallate esters. These encouraging in vitro results support further research and should be taken into consideration into the clinical pharmacology of plant-derived polyphenolic extracts as novel agents for skin photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Matito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona and IBUB, Unit Associated with CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Borrás C, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Viña J. The dual role of p53: DNA protection and antioxidant. Free Radic Res 2011; 45:643-52. [PMID: 21452930 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.571685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The classical functions of p53 protein are those related to its role on DNA damage, cell growth arrest, senescence and apoptosis. For this reason it is called 'the guardian of the genome' and is considered one of the most important players in the development of cancer. However, more recently it has been show that p53 is not only involved in cancer, but also in ageing. p53 is stimulated by stress, which in turn results in the activation of a wide range of transcriptional targets. Low-intensity stress will activate p53 in a manner which results in antioxidant response, thus protecting against ageing because of its antioxidant function. On the contrary, high-intensity activation of p53 will result in an increase of oxidative stress by activation of p53-mediated pro-oxidant targets, thus increasing the rate of ageing, but protecting against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Borrás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Control of p53 and NF-κB signaling by WIP1 and MIF: role in cellular senescence and organismal aging. Cell Signal 2010; 23:747-52. [PMID: 20940041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The stress-activated signaling pathways, p53 and NF-κB, have a major role in the regulation of cellular senescence and organismal aging. These ancient signaling networks display functional antagonism via negative autoregulatory circuits. WIP1 (wildtype p53-induced phosphatase 1) and MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) are signaling molecules which link together the p53 and NF-κB pathways via positive and negative feedback loops. It seems that the efficiency of the p53 signaling pathway declines during aging whereas that of NF-κB is clearly enhanced. Moreover, p53 is an important trigger of cellular senescence while NF-κB signaling seems to be involved in the induction of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). MIF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which inhibits the function of p53 signaling whereas it is linked to NF-κB signaling via a positive feedback loop. MIF knockout mice are healthier and live longer than their wild-type counterparts. An increased level of MIF can support inflammatory responses via enhancing NF-κB signaling and repressing the function of p53. p53 is an inducer of the expression of WIP1 which can subsequently inhibit NF-κB signaling. Several observations indicate that the activity of WIP1 decreases during the aging process, this being probably attributable to the decline in p53 function. Decreased WIP1 activity potentiates the activity of p38MAPK and NF-κB signaling leading to premature cellular senescence as well as low-level chronic inflammation. We will review the findings linking WIP1 and MIF to specific signaling responses of p53 and NF-κB and discuss their role in the regulation of cellular senescence and organismal aging.
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Zhang X, Wan G, Mlotshwa S, Vance V, Berger FG, Chen H, Lu X. Oncogenic Wip1 phosphatase is inhibited by miR-16 in the DNA damage signaling pathway. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7176-86. [PMID: 20668064 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) was identified as an oncogene amplified and overexpressed in several human cancers. Recent evidence suggested that Wip1 is a critical inhibitor in the ATM/ATR-p53 DNA damage signaling pathway. Wip1 dephosphorylates several key DNA damage-responsive proteins and reverses DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints. Previous reports showed that Wip1 was transcriptionally induced by p53 at the early stage of the DNA damage response. To investigate the temporal and functional regulation of Wip1, we identified a microRNA, miR-16, that specifically targets the mRNA of Wip1 and thus negatively regulates the expression level of Wip1. miR-16 itself is induced immediately after DNA damage. Therefore, the increase in Wip1 protein level is significantly postponed compared with that of its mRNA level, preventing a premature inactivation of ATM/ATR signaling and allowing a functional completion of the early DNA damage response. To better understand miR-16 biological functions in the context of cancer cells, we examined its expression in mammary tumor stem cells and found it to be markedly downregulated in mammary tumor stem cells. Overexpression of miR-16 or inhibition of Wip1 suppresses the self-renewal and growth of mouse mammary tumor stem cells and sensitizes MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Together, our results suggest an important role of miR-16 in the regulation of Wip1 phosphatase in the DNA damage response and mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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