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Zhong H, Yu L, Lv X, Yu Y, Hu J. A novel approach to assess the health risk of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-bound contaminants via inhalation exposure using CYP1A1 expression as a biomarker. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116466. [PMID: 38759533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins are potential causes of multiple diseases by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Health risk assessment of chemicals primarily relies on the relative potency factor (RPF), although its accuracy may be limited when solely using EC50 values. The induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) serves as a biomarker for AhR activation and is an integrator of dioxin-like toxicity. Here, we present a method for evaluating the risks associated with AhR activation using mathematical models of dose-CYP1A1 induction. The dose-effect curves for certain PAHs and dioxins, including Ant, BghiP, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD, and others, exhibited a non-classical S-shaped form. The toxic equivalent factor (TEF) profiles revealed a broad range of toxic equivalent factor values. The TEFs for PAHs ranged from approximately 0.01 to 6, with higher values being observed when the concentration was less than 10-10 M, with the exceptions of Ace, Phe, and BghiP. Most congeners of dioxins got the lowest TEF value at around 10-10 M, ranging from 0.04 to 1.00. The binding affinity of AhR to ligands did not display a strong correlation with the EC50 of CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that the AhR-mediated effects of PAHs and dioxins are not fixed but instead fluctuate with the dose. Air samples acquired from a parking area were used to compare the proficiency of RPF and our current approach. In the current method, naphthalene and chrysene were the primary contributors of PAHs to AhR-mediated risks in parking lots air samples, respectively. However, the contributions of naphthalene and chrysene could be disregarded in the RPF approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lili Yu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Lv
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China.
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Köhler T, Schwier E, Praxenthaler J, Kirchner C, Winde G, Koos B, Henzler D. Isoflurane, like sepsis, decreases CYP1A2 liver enzyme activity in intensive care patients: a clinical study and network model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:33. [PMID: 38589754 PMCID: PMC11001842 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-024-00617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver function of intensive care patients is routinely monitored by static blood pathology. For specific indications, liver specific cytochrome activity may be measured by the commercially available maximum liver function capacity (LiMAx) test via quantification of the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) dependent C-methacetin metabolism. Sedation with the volatile anesthetic isoflurane was suspected to abrogate the correlation of LiMAx test with global liver function. We hypothesized that isoflurane has a CYP1A2-activity and LiMAx test result decreasing effect. METHODS In this monocentric, observational clinical study previously liver healthy intensive care patients, scheduled to be changed from propofol to isoflurane sedation, were enrolled. LiMAx testing was done before, during and after termination of isoflurane sedation. RESULTS The mean LiMAx value decreased during isoflurane sedation. Septic patients (n = 11) exhibited lower LiMAx values compared to non-septic patients (n = 11) at all time points. LiMAx values decreased with isoflurane from 140 ± 82 to 30 ± 34 µg kg-1 h-1 in the septic group and from 253 ± 92 to 147 ± 131 µg kg-1 h-1 in the non-septic group while laboratory markers did not imply significant hepatic impairment. Lactate increased during isoflurane inhalation without clinical consequence. CONCLUSION Sepsis and isoflurane have independently demonstrated an effect on reducing the hepatic CYP1A2-activity. A network model was constructed that could explain the mechanism through the influence of isoflurane on hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) by upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible pathway and the downregulation of CYP1A2-activity via the ligand-inducible pathway. Thus, the increased anaerobic metabolism may result in lactate accumulation. The influence of isoflurane sedation on the validated correlation of global liver function with CYP1A2-activity measured by LiMAx testing needs to be investigated in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AMEOS-Klinikum Halberstadt, Academic Teaching Hospital, Gleimstraße 5, 38820, Halberstadt, Germany.
| | - Elke Schwier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany
| | - Janina Praxenthaler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Southeast Bavaria Hospitals, Klinikum Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Carmen Kirchner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Thoracic Surgery and Proctology, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany
| | - Günther Winde
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Thoracic Surgery and Proctology, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany
| | - Björn Koos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dietrich Henzler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany
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Li H, Liu S, Zhang D, Zong X, Jiang G, Zhu C. Dysregulation of ferroptosis may participate in the mitigating effect of CoCl 2 on contrast-induced nephropathy. Nefrologia 2024; 44:180-193. [PMID: 38697696 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast agents can directly or indirectly induce renal tubular ischemia and hypoxic damage. Given that cobalt chloride (CoCl2) can protect renal tubules, the protective effect and potential mechanism of action of CoCl2 on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) warrant investigation. METHODS A CIN mouse model was established to determine the protective effect of CoCl2 on renal injury in vivo. Then, TMT-based proteomics was performed to determine the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), following which, enrichment analyses of gene ontology and the KEGG pathway were performed. In vitro, a CIN model was constructed with renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) to determine the effect of CoCl2 on potential targets and the role of the key protein identified from the in vivo experiments. RESULTS CoCl2 treatment decreased the levels of BUN and serum creatinine (sCr), while increasing the levels of urea and creatinine (Cr) in the urine of mice after CIN injury. Damage to the renal tubules in the CoCl2 treatment group was significantly less than in the CIN model group. We identified 79 DEPs after treating the in vivo model with CoCl2, and frequently observed ferroptosis-related GO and KEGG pathway terms. Of these, Hp (haptoglobin) was selected and found to have a strong renoprotective effect, even though its expression level in kidney tissue decreased after CoCl2 treatment. In HK-2 cells, overexpression of Hp reduced the ferroptosis caused by erastin, while knocking down Hp negated the attenuation effect of CoCl2 on HK-2 cell ferroptosis. CONCLUSION CoCl2 attenuated kidney damage in the CIN model, and this effect was associated with the decrease in ferroptosis mediated by Hp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xue Zong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gengru Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China.
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Perepechaeva ML, Klyushova LS, Grishanova AY. AhR and HIF-1 α Signaling Pathways in Benign Meningioma under Hypoxia. Int J Cell Biol 2023; 2023:6840271. [PMID: 37305351 PMCID: PMC10257548 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6840271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of hypoxia in benign meningiomas is less clear than that in the malignant meningiomas. Hypoxia-induced transcription factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) and its downstream signaling pathways play a central role in the mechanism of hypoxia. HIF-1α forms a complex with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) protein and can compete for ARNT with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In this work, the status of HIF-1α- and AhR-dependent signaling pathways was investigated in World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 meningioma and patient-derived tumor primary cell culture under hypoxic conditions. mRNA levels of HIF-1α, AhR, and of their target genes as well as of ARNT and nuclear receptor coactivator NCOA2 were determined in tumor tissues from patients in whom the tumor was promptly removed either with or without prior endovascular embolization. Using the patient-derived nonembolized tumor primary cell culture, the effects of a hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and an activator of the AhR signaling pathway benzo(α)pyrene (B[a]P) on mRNA levels of HIF-1α, AhR, and their target genes were investigated. Our findings show active functioning of AhR signaling in meningioma tissue of patients with tumor embolization and crosstalk between HIF-1α and AhR signaling in meningeal cells under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Perepechaeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Lyubov S. Klyushova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Alevtina Y. Grishanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Timakova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
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Amine ZE, Mauger JF, Imbeault P. CYP1A1, VEGFA and Adipokine Responses of Human Adipocytes Co-exposed to PCB126 and Hypoxia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152282. [PMID: 35892579 PMCID: PMC9331964 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that hypoxia may develop in adipose tissue as its mass expands. Adipose tissue is also the main reservoir of lipophilic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Both hypoxia and PCBs have been shown to alter adipose tissue functions. The signaling pathways induced by hypoxia and pollutants may crosstalk, as they share a common transcription factor: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). Whether hypoxia and PCBs crosstalk and affect adipokine secretion in human adipocytes remains to be explored. Using primary human adipocytes acutely co-exposed to different levels of hypoxia (24 h) and PCB126 (48 h), we observed that hypoxia significantly inhibits the PCB126 induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) transcription in a dose-response manner, and that Acriflavine (ACF)—an HIF1α inhibitor—partially restores the PCB126 induction of CYP1A1 under hypoxia. On the other hand, exposure to PCB126 did not affect the transcription of the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) under hypoxia. Exposure to hypoxia increased leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased adiponectin levels dose-dependently, while PCB126 increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Co-exposure to PCB126 and hypoxia did not alter the adipokine secretion pattern observed under hypoxia and PCB126 exposure alone. In conclusion, our results indicate that (1) hypoxia inhibits PCB126-induced CYP1A1 expression at least partly through ARNT-dependent means, suggesting that hypoxia could affect PCB metabolism and toxicity in adipose tissue, and (2) hypoxia and PCB126 affect leptin, adiponectin, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion differently, with no apparent crosstalk between the two factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab El Amine
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.E.A.); (J.-F.M.)
| | - Jean-François Mauger
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.E.A.); (J.-F.M.)
| | - Pascal Imbeault
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Z.E.A.); (J.-F.M.)
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(613)-562-5800-(7290)
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Yang F, Zhang J, Zhang J, Yu W, Wang M, Lv X, Li J, Bai T, Chang F. Interaction between AhR and HIF-1 signaling pathways mediated by ARNT/HIF-1β. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:26. [PMID: 35473600 PMCID: PMC9044668 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The main causes of lung cancer are smoking, environmental pollution and genetic susceptibility. It is an indisputable fact that PAHs are related to lung cancer, and benzo(a) pyrene is a representative of PAHs. The purpose of the current investigation was to investigate the interaction between AhR and HIF-1 signaling pathways in A549 cells, which provide some experimental basis for scientists to find drugs that block AhR and HIF-1 signaling pathway to prevent and treat cancer. Methods This project adopts the CYP1A1 signaling pathways and the expression of CYP1B1 is expressed as a measure of AhR strength index. The expression of VEGF and CAIX volume as a measure of the strength of the signal path HIF-1 indicators. Through the construction of plasmid vector, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunoprecipitation, the interaction between AhR signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway was observed. Results BaP can enhance the binding ability of HIF-1α protein to HIF-1β/ARNT in a dose-dependent manner without CoCl2. However, the binding ability of AhR protein to HIF-1β/ARNT is inhibited by HIF-1α signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner with CoCl2. Conclusion It is shown that activation of the AhR signaling pathway does not inhibit the HIF-1α signaling pathway, but activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway inhibits the AhR signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-022-00564-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy Experimental Teaching Center of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.,Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxia Hu
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wanjia Yu
- Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Basic medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical university, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Hohhot, China.,Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Hohhot, China.,The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tuya Bai
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Hohhot, China. .,Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Fuhou Chang
- Inner Mongolia Research Center for Drug Screening, Hohhot, China. .,The Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China. .,Department of Pharmacology of Pharmaceutical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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Simning D, Sepulveda M, De Guise S, Bosker T, Griffitt RJ. The combined effects of salinity, hypoxia, and oil exposure on survival and gene expression in developing sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105234. [PMID: 31357108 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill released approximately 780 million liters of crude oil contaminating coastal habitats from Texas to Florida which are important habitats for many fish species during early life stages. These diverse habitats are also prone to rapid fluctuations in water quality, such as dissolved oxygen concentration and salinity. The consequence of combined exposure to crude oil and suboptimal environmental conditions during early life stage development of fish is still largely unknown. The objective of this project was to investigate the impacts of exposure to crude oil in combination with varying environmental stressors on developing Cyprinodon variegatus survival, growth, and gene expression. Three life stages (embryonic, post-hatch, and post-larval) were exposed to four nominal concentrations (6.25%, 12.5%, 50% and 100% with actual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations ranging from 0 to 512 μg/L) of high energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAF) under different oxic (2.0 or >5.0 mg/L) and salinity (10 or 30 ppt) regimes at 30 °C for 48 h. We found that the post-larval developmental stage was the most sensitive to oil toxicity. Median lethal concentrations during the post-larval exposures followed a treatment-dependent pattern with the highest mortality observed under hypoxic-high salinity conditions (64.55 μg/L). Real-time PCR analysis identified down regulation of target genes, encoding cytochrome P450-1α (cyp1a1), erythropoietin (epo), and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (arnt1) only when oil exposure occurred under hypoxic-high salinity conditions in treatments with PAH concentrations greater than 226 μg/L. The target genes measured in this experiment are involved in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway which modulates metabolism of PAHs (a major component of crude oil), and the hypoxia inducible 1-α signaling pathway which is responsible for resilience to hypoxic stress, and it is known that disruption of these pathways can lead to an array of acute and chronic effects. Our results indicated that sheepshead minnow are most sensitive to oil exposure during the post-larval developmental stage. Survival data from this age-stage also indicate that oil toxicity response is exacerbated in hypoxic and high salinity environments. The increased mortality observed during the post-larval developmental stage might be attributed to the suppression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and the hypoxia inducible 1-α signaling pathways which is evident in by the down-regulated expression of cyp1a1, epo, and arnt1. These findings provide more information about interactions between oil and abiotic factors which enable us to make better assumptions of the ecological impacts of DWH on coastal estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Simning
- School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 113 McIlwaine Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564
| | - Maria Sepulveda
- School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 113 McIlwaine Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 113 McIlwaine Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564
| | - Thijs Bosker
- School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 113 McIlwaine Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, 113 McIlwaine Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564.
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8
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DNA damage response upon environmental contaminants: An exhausting work for genomic integrity. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mescher M, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Modulation of CYP1A1 metabolism: From adverse health effects to chemoprevention and therapeutic options. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:71-87. [PMID: 29458109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 gene encodes a monooxygenase that metabolizes multiple exogenous and endogenous substrates. CYP1A1 has become infamous for its oxidative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, converting these chemicals into very potent human carcinogens. CYP1A1 expression is mainly controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor whose activation is induced by binding of persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins. Accordingly, induction of CYP1A1 expression and activity serves as a biomarker of AHR activation and associated xenobiotic metabolism as well as toxicity in diverse animal species and humans. Determination of CYP1A1 activity is integrated into modern toxicological concepts and testing guidelines, emphasizing the tremendous importance of this enzyme for risk assessment and regulation of chemicals. Further, CYP1A1 serves as a molecular target for chemoprevention of chemical carcinogenesis, although present literature is controversial on whether its inhibition or induction exerts beneficial effects. Regarding therapeutic applications, first anti-cancer prodrugs are available, which require a metabolic activation by CYP1A1, and thus enable a specific elimination of CYP1A1-positive tumors. However, the application range of these drugs may be limited due to the frequently observed downregulation of CYP1A1 in various human cancers, probably leading to a reduced metabolism of endogenous AHR ligands and a sustained activation of AHR and associated tumor-promoting responses. We here summarize the current knowledge on CYP1A1 as a key player in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substrates and as a promising target molecule for prevention and treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mescher
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Alhouayek M, Gouveia-Figueira S, Hammarström ML, Fowler CJ. Involvement of CYP1B1 in interferon γ-induced alterations of epithelial barrier integrity. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:877-890. [PMID: 29232759 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 are important extra-hepatic cytochromes, expressed in the colon and involved in the metabolism of dietary constituents and exogenous compounds. CYP1B1 expression is increased by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and it has been recently implicated in regulation of blood brain barrier function. We investigated its involvement in the increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier observed in inflammatory conditions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Epithelial monolayers formed by human T84 colon carcinoma cells cultured on transwells, were disrupted by incubation with IFNγ (10 ng·mL-1 ). Monolayer integrity was measured using transepithelial electrical resistance. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inhibitors or inducers were applied apically. Potential mechanisms of action were investigated using RT-qPCR. KEY RESULTS IFNγ disrupts the barrier integrity of the T84 monolayers and increases CYP1B1 and HIF1α mRNA expression. CYP1B1 induction is inhibited by the NF-κB inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (100 μM) but not by the HIF1α inhibitor 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (50 μM). Inhibition of CYP1B1 with the selective inhibitor 2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene (100 nM) partly reverses the effects of IFNγ on epithelial permeability. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that increased expression of CYP1B1 is involved in the effects of IFNγ on epithelial permeability. Inhibition of CYP1B1 counteracts the alterations of epithelial barrier integrity induced by IFNγ and could thus have a therapeutic potential in disorders of intestinal permeability associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sandra Gouveia-Figueira
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher J Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Shi Q, Fijten RR, Spina D, Riffo Vasquez Y, Arlt VM, Godschalk RW, Van Schooten FJ. Altered gene expression profiles in the lungs of benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:8-19. [PMID: 28987381 PMCID: PMC5703654 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory lung diseases are often additionally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like B[a]P and B[a]P-induced alterations in gene expression in these patients may contribute to the development of lung cancer. Mice were intra-nasally treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20μg/mouse) to induce pulmonary inflammation and subsequently exposed to B[a]P (0.5mg/mouse) by intratracheal instillation. Gene expression changes were analyzed in mouse lungs by RNA microarrays. Analysis of genes that are known to be involved in the cellular response to B[a]P indicated that LPS significantly inhibited gene expression of various enzymes linked to B[a]P metabolism, which was confirmed by phenotypic analyses of enzyme activity. Ultimately, these changes resulted in higher levels of B[a]P-DNA adducts in the lungs of mice exposed to B[a]P with prior LPS treatment compared to the lungs of mice exposed to B[a]P alone. Using principle component analysis (PCA), we found that of all the genes that were significantly altered in their expression, those that were able to separate the different exposure conditions were predominantly related to immune-response. Moreover, an overall analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that cell-cell adhesion and cell-cell communication was inhibited in lungs of mice that received both B[a]P and LPS. Our results indicate that pulmonary inflammation increased the genotoxicity of B[a]P via inhibition of both phase I and II metabolism. Therefore, inflammation could be a critical contributor to B[a]P-induced carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R R Fijten
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Y Riffo Vasquez
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - V M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - R W Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - F J Van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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12
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Inflammation and the chemical carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene: Partners in crime. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 774:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Smit E, Souza T, Jennen DGJ, Kleinjans JCS, van den Beucken T. Identification of essential transcription factors for adequate DNA damage response after benzo(a)pyrene and aflatoxin B1 exposure by combining transcriptomics with functional genomics. Toxicology 2017; 390:74-82. [PMID: 28882572 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage mediates widespread changes in transcription through activation or repression of transcription factors (TFs). However, the consequences of regulating specific TFs for the outcome of the DNA repair process remain incompletely understood. Here, we combined transcriptomics and TF binding prediction with functional genomics to identify TFs essential for adequate DNA repair in HepG2 liver cells after a non-cytotoxic dose of carcinogens benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (2μM) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (5μM). BaP and AFB1 induced a largely common transcriptional response, mediated by similar TFs. A lentiviral shRNA screen knocking down the top31 identified TFs, was performed to determine their effect on DNA repair by assessing phosphorylation of H2AX (γ-H2AX). In addition to the top candidate p53, we identified several other interesting TFs that modulated γ-H2AX after BaP and AFB1 treatment. Validation studies confirmed the role of p53 in reducing γ-H2AX formation and DNA breaks measured by COMET assay after BaP and AFB1 exposure. Expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 was profoundly impaired upon p53 knock-down. In addition, the expression of 2 genes involved in nucleotide exchange repair, DDB2 and XPC was significantly reduced in p53 knock-down cells. Although p63 knock-down affected DNA damage upon BaP treatment this was not associated with altered expression of DDB2 or XPC. Finally, knock-down of ARNT reduced γ-H2AX in response to BaP, which was associated with reduced CYP1A1 expression. Importantly, our results suggest a new role for ARNT and its dimerization partner AHR in the occurrence of H2AX phosphorylation after AFB1 treatment. These data show that modulation of TF activity impacts on the repair of BaP- and AFB1-induced DNA damage. Our study also demonstrates the potential of combining functional genomics with genome-wide expression analysis to identify yet unknown causal relationships, thereby aiding in the interpretation of complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Smit
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Terezinha Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Twan van den Beucken
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Shi Q, Maas L, Veith C, Van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RW. Acidic cellular microenvironment modifies carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2425-2441. [PMID: 28005143 PMCID: PMC5429366 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation creates an acidic microenvironment, which plays an important role in cancer development. To investigate how low pH changes the cellular response to the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), we incubated human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 and BEAS-2B) with nontoxic doses of B[a]P using culturing media of various pH’s (extracellular pH (pHe) of 7.8, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0 and 5.5) for 6, 24 and 48 h. In most incubations (pHe 7.0–6.5), the pH in the medium returned to the physiological pH 7.8 after 48 h, but at the lowest pH (pHe < 6.0), this recovery was incomplete. Similar changes were observed for the intracellular pH (pHi). We observed that acidic conditions delayed B[a]P metabolism and at t = 48 h, and the concentration of unmetabolized extracellular B[a]P and B[a]P-7,8-diol was significantly higher in acidic samples than under normal physiological conditions (pHe 7.8) for both cell lines. Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1/CYP1B1) expression and its activity (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity) were repressed at low pHe after 6 and 24 h, but were significantly higher at t = 48 h. In addition, a DNA repair assay showed that the incision activity was ~80% inhibited for 6 h at low pHe and concomitant exposure to B[a]P. However, at t = 48 h, the incision activity recovered to more than 100% of the initial activity observed at neutral pHe. After 48 h, higher B[a]P-DNA adduct levels and γ-H2AX foci were observed at low pH samples than at pHe 7.8. In conclusion, acidic pH delayed the metabolism of B[a]P and inhibited DNA repair, ultimately leading to increased B[a]P-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Maas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Veith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J Van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R W Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Jang JH, Seo JY, Oh J, Kim JS, Kim EJ, Kim JS. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of mixed fruit and vegetable juice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:905-909. [PMID: 30263352 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to develop fruit-based functional juice with anti-inflammatory activity for consumers living under heavy air pollution. At first, four different formulations for functional juice prepared by combining 10 kinds of fruits and other ingredients in various ratios were tested for NAD(P)H: quinoneoxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)-inducing activity in mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. The formulation showing the highest NQO1-inducing activity [named detoxification juice (DJ)] was investigated for its anti-inflammatory activity in a co-culture system of human lung carcinoma A549 cell line and a differentiated human monocytic cell line THP-1. DJ significantly reduced the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Furthermore, DJ administration suppressed the benzo[a]pyreneinduced elevation of plasma cytokine levels of C57BL/6 mice. However, the protective effect of DJ against inflammation in lung and trachea caused by air pollution needs to be assessed through clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Jang
- 2School of Food Science and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Creative Innovation Group for Leading Future Functional Food Industry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Seo
- 2School of Food Science and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Creative Innovation Group for Leading Future Functional Food Industry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- 2School of Food Science and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Creative Innovation Group for Leading Future Functional Food Industry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Kim
- Podomaul Co., Ltd., Youngcheon, Gyeongbuk, 38912 Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Kim
- Podomaul Co., Ltd., Youngcheon, Gyeongbuk, 38912 Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- 2School of Food Science and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Creative Innovation Group for Leading Future Functional Food Industry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
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16
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Mitsunaga F, Umezawa M, Takeda K, Nakamura S. Maternal administration of nanomaterials elicits hemoglobin upregulation in the neonatal brain of non-human primates. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:265-71. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fusako Mitsunaga
- Biomedical Institute, NPO Primate Agora
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ken Takeda
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Biomedical Institute, NPO Primate Agora
- The Center for Environmental Health Science for the Next Generation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
- Intelligence and Technology Lab Inc
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17
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Limonciel A, Moenks K, Stanzel S, Truisi GL, Parmentier C, Aschauer L, Wilmes A, Richert L, Hewitt P, Mueller SO, Lukas A, Kopp-Schneider A, Leonard MO, Jennings P. Transcriptomics hit the target: Monitoring of ligand-activated and stress response pathways for chemical testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Dittmann KH, Rothmund MC, Paasch A, Mayer C, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Frauenstein K, Fritsche E, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Braeuning A, Rodemann HP. The nuclear aryl hydocarbon receptor is involved in regulation of DNA repair and cell survival following treatment with ionizing radiation. Toxicol Lett 2015; 240:122-9. [PMID: 26520184 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) for γ-H2AX associated DNA repair in response to treatment with ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation was able to stabilize AhR protein and to induce a nuclear translocation in a similar way as described for exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. A comparable AhR protein stabilization was obtained by treatment with hydroxyl-nonenal-generated by radiation-induced lipid peroxidation. AhR knockdown resulted in significant radio-sensitization of both A549- and HaCaT cells. Under these conditions an increased amount of residual γ-H2AX foci and a delayed decline of γ-H2AX foci was observed. Knockdown of the co-activator ARNT, which is essential for transcriptional activation of AhR target genes, reduced AhR-dependent CYP1A expression in response to irradiation, but was without effect on the amount of residual γ-H2AX foci. Nuclear AhR was found in complex with γ-H2AX, DNA-PK, ATM and Lamin A. AhR and γ-H2AX form together nuclear foci, which disappear during DNA repair. Presence of nuclear AhR protein is associated with ATM activation and chromatin relaxation indicated by acetylation of histone H3. Taken together, we could show, that beyond the function as a transcription factor the nuclear AhR is involved in the regulation of DNA repair. Reduction of nuclear AhR inhibits DNA-double stand repair and radiosensitizes cells. First hints for its molecular mechanism suggest a role during ATM activation and chromatin relaxation, both essential for DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Dittmann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - M C Rothmund
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Paasch
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Mayer
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - B Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Frauenstein
- AG Molekulare Toxikologie, Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Fritsche
- AG Molekulare Toxikologie, Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Haarmann-Stemmann
- AG Molekulare Toxikologie, Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Braeuning
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Deptartment of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - H P Rodemann
- Division of Radiobiology and Molecular Environmental Research, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
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19
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Koltsova SV, Shilov B, Birulina JG, Akimova OA, Haloui M, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Orlov SN. Transcriptomic changes triggered by hypoxia: evidence for HIF-1α-independent, [Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated, excitation-transcription coupling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110597. [PMID: 25375852 PMCID: PMC4222758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relative impact of canonical hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha- (HIF-1α and Na+i/K+i-mediated signaling on transcriptomic changes evoked by hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Incubation of RASMC in ischemic conditions resulted in ∼3-fold elevation of [Na+]i and 2-fold reduction of [K+]i. Using global gene expression profiling we found that Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition by ouabain or K+-free medium in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMC) led to the differential expression of dozens of genes whose altered expression was previously detected in cells subjected to hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion. For further investigations, we selected Cyp1a1, Fos, Atf3, Klf10, Ptgs2, Nr4a1, Per2 and Hes1, i.e. genes possessing the highest increments of expression under sustained Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition and whose implication in the pathogenesis of hypoxia was proved in previous studies. In ouabain-treated RASMC, low-Na+, high-K+ medium abolished amplification of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio as well as the increased expression of all tested genes. In cells subjected to hypoxia and glucose deprivation, dissipation of the transmembrane gradient of Na+ and K+ completely eliminated increment of Fos, Atf3, Ptgs2 and Per2 mRNAs and sharply diminished augmentation expression of Klf10, Edn1, Nr4a1 and Hes1. In contrast to low-Na+, high-K+ medium, RASMC transfection with Hif-1a siRNA attenuated increments of Vegfa, Edn1, Klf10 and Nr4a1 mRNAs triggered by hypoxia but did not impact Fos, Atf3, Ptgs2 and Per2 expression. Thus, our investigation demonstrates, for the first time, that Na+i/K+i-mediated, Hif-1α- -independent excitation-transcription coupling contributes to transcriptomic changes evoked in RASMC by hypoxia and glucose deprivation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Ouabain/pharmacology
- Rats
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Koltsova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Shilov
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia G. Birulina
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Akimova
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mounsif Haloui
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonid V. Kapilevich
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Physical Education, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Johanne Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergei N. Orlov
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medical Biology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Schults MA, Sanen K, Godschalk RW, Theys J, van Schooten FJ, Chiu RK. Hypoxia diminishes the detoxification of the environmental mutagen benzo[a]pyrene. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:481-7. [PMID: 25199627 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes genetic instability and is therefore an important factor in carcinogenesis. We have previously shown that activation of the hypoxia responsive transcription factor HIFα can enhance the mutagenic phenotype induced by the environmental mutagen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). To further elucidate the mechanism behind the ability of hypoxia to increase mutagenicity of carcinogens, we examined the activation and detoxification of BaP under hypoxic conditions. To this end, the human lung carcinoma cell line A549 was treated with BaP under 20%, 5% or 0.2% oxygen for 18h and alterations in BaP metabolism were assayed. First, BaP-induced expression of key metabolic enzymes was analysed; expression levels of the activating CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were increased, while the detoxifying enzymes UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 were significantly reduced by hypoxia. To evaluate whether these changes had an effect on metabolism, levels of BaP and several of its metabolites were determined. Cells under hypoxia have a reduced capacity to metabolise BaP leaving more of the parent molecule intact. Additionally, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, the pre-cursor metabolite of the reactive metabolite BaP-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), was formed in higher concentrations. Finally, under hypoxia, DNA adducts accumulated over a period of 168 h, whereas adducts were efficiently removed in 20% oxygen conditions. The delayed detoxification kinetics resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in DNA adducts. These data indicate that the metabolism under hypoxic conditions has shifted towards increased activation of BaP instead of detoxification and support the idea that modulation of carcinogen metabolism is an important additional mechanism for the observed HIF1 mediated genetic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten A Schults
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kathleen Sanen
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger W Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands and
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roland K Chiu
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Vorrink SU, Domann FE. Regulatory crosstalk and interference between the xenobiotic and hypoxia sensing pathways at the AhR-ARNT-HIF1α signaling node. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 218:82-8. [PMID: 24824450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates many of the responses to toxic environmental chemicals such as TCDD or dioxin-like PCBs. To regulate gene expression, the AhR requires its binding partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). ARNT is also required by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial regulator of responses to conditions of reduced oxygen. The important role of ARNT in both the AhR and HIF-1α signaling pathways establishes a meaningful foundation for a possible crosstalk between these two vitally important signaling pathways. This crosstalk might lead to interference between the two signaling pathways and thus might play a role in the variety of cellular responses after exposure to AhR ligands and reduced oxygen availability. This review focuses on studies that have analyzed the effect of low oxygen environments and hypoxia-mimetic agents on AhR signaling and conversely, the effect of AhR ligands, with a special emphasis on PCBs, on HIF-1α signaling. We highlight studies that assess the role of ARNT, elucidate the mechanism of the crosstalk, and discuss the physiological implications for exposure to AhR-inducing compounds in the context of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine U Vorrink
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Iannitti RG, Casagrande A, De Luca A, Cunha C, Sorci G, Riuzzi F, Borghi M, Galosi C, Massi-Benedetti C, Oury TD, Cariani L, Russo M, Porcaro L, Colombo C, Majo F, Lucidi V, Fiscarelli E, Ricciotti G, Lass-Flörl C, Ratclif L, Esposito A, De Benedictis FM, Donato R, Carvalho A, Romani L. Hypoxia promotes danger-mediated inflammation via receptor for advanced glycation end products in cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 188:1338-50. [PMID: 24127697 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201305-0986oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypoxia regulates the inflammatory-antiinflammatory balance by the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a versatile sensor of damage-associated molecular patterns. The multiligand nature of RAGE places this receptor in the midst of chronic inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES To characterize the impact of the hypoxia-RAGE pathway on pathogenic airway inflammation preventing effective pathogen clearance in cystic fibrosis (CF) and elucidate the potential role of this danger signal in pathogenesis and therapy of lung inflammation. METHODS We used in vivo and in vitro models to study the impact of hypoxia on RAGE expression and activity in human and murine CF, the nature of the RAGE ligand, and the impact of RAGE on lung inflammation and antimicrobial resistance in fungal and bacterial pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sustained expression of RAGE and its ligand S100B was observed in murine lung and human epithelial cells and exerted a proximal role in promoting inflammation in murine and human CF, as revealed by functional studies and analysis of the genetic variability of AGER in patients with CF. Both hypoxia and infections contributed to the sustained activation of the S100B-RAGE pathway, being RAGE up-regulated by hypoxia and S100B by infection by Toll-like receptors. Inhibiting the RAGE pathway in vivo with soluble (s) RAGE reduced pathogen load and inflammation in experimental CF, whereas sRAGE production was defective in patients with CF. CONCLUSIONS A causal link between hyperactivation of RAGE and inflammation in CF has been observed, such that targeting pathogenic inflammation alleviated inflammation in CF and measurement of sRAGE levels could be a useful biomarker for RAGE-dependent inflammation in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana G Iannitti
- 1 Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Myre M, Imbeault P. Persistent organic pollutants meet adipose tissue hypoxia: does cross-talk contribute to inflammation during obesity? Obes Rev 2014; 15:19-28. [PMID: 23998203 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) accumulate in lipid-rich tissues such as human adipose tissue. This is particularly problematic in individuals with excess adiposity, a physiological state that may be additionally characterized by local adipose tissue hypoxia. Hypoxic patches occur when oxygen diffusion is insufficient to reach all hypertrophic adipocytes. POPs and hypoxia independently contribute to the development of adipose tissue-specific and systemic inflammation often associated with obesity. Inflammation is induced by increased proinflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, as well as reduced adiponectin release, an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing adipokine. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediates the cellular response to some pollutants, while hypoxia responses occur through the oxygen-sensitive transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1. There is some overlap between the two signalling pathways since both require a common subunit called the AhR nuclear translocator. As such, it is unclear how adipocytes respond to simultaneous POP and hypoxia exposure. This brief review explores the independent contribution of POPs and adipose tissue hypoxia as factors underlying the inflammatory response from adipocytes during obesity. It also highlights that the combined effect of POPs and hypoxia through the AhR and HIF-1 signalling pathways remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Myre
- Behavioral and Metabolic Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Schults MA, Oligschlaeger Y, Godschalk RW, Van Schooten FJ, Chiu RK. Loss of VHL in RCC Reduces Repair and Alters Cellular Response to Benzo[a]pyrene. Front Oncol 2013; 3:270. [PMID: 24195061 PMCID: PMC3809518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene occur in the majority of sporadic renal-cell carcinomas (RCC). Loss of VHL function is associated with stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα). We and others demonstrated that there is a two-way interaction between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is an important mediator in the metabolic activation and detoxification of carcinogens, and the HIF1-pathway leading to an increased genetic instability when both pathways are simultaneously activated. The aim of this study was to investigate how environmental carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which can be metabolically activated to BaP-7,8-diOH-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) play a role in the etiology of RCC. We exposed VHL-deficient RCC4 cells, in which HIFα is stabilized regardless of oxygen tension, to 0.1 μM BaP for 18 h. The mutagenic BPDE-DNA adduct levels were increased in HIFα stabilized cells. Using qRT-PCR, we demonstrated that absence of VHL significantly induced the mRNA levels of AhR downstream target CYP1A1. Furthermore, HPLC analysis indicated that loss of VHL increased the concentration of BaP-7,8-dihydroxydiol, the pre-cursor metabolite of BPDE. Interestingly, the capacity to repair BPDE-DNA adducts in the HIFα stabilized RCC4 cells, was markedly reduced. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of VHL affects BaP-mediated genotoxic responses in RCC and decreases repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten A Schults
- Department of Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM-School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University , Maastricht , Netherlands
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25
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Matthaios D, Hountis P, Karakitsos P, Bouros D, Kakolyris S. H2AX a Promising Biomarker for Lung Cancer: A Review. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:582-99. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.849721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Tralau T, Luch A. The evolution of our understanding of endo-xenobiotic crosstalk and cytochrome P450 regulation and the therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1541-54. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.828692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Benito J, Zeng Z, Konopleva M, Wilson WR. Targeting hypoxia in the leukemia microenvironment. Int J Hematol Oncol 2013; 2:279-288. [PMID: 24490034 DOI: 10.2217/ijh.13.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment regulates survival and maintenance of normal hematopoietic stem cells. Within the endosteal niche, hypoxia has an essential role in maintenance of the primitive quiescent hematopoietic stem cell. We and others have demonstrated that in the context of hematologic malignancies the BM is highly hypoxic, and that progression of the disease is associated with expansion of hypoxic niches and stabilization of the oncogenic HIF-1α. This review will provide an overview of the normal and leukemic BM microenvironment with a special emphasis on pathological hypoxia including the development of hypoxia-activated prodrugs and their applicability in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Benito
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Division of Cancer Medicine - Unit 448, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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28
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Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:103-41. [PMID: 23333322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2512] [Impact Index Per Article: 228.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging to the CYP1, 2, and 3 families, are responsible for the biotransformation of most foreign substances including 70-80% of all drugs in clinical use. The highest expressed forms in liver are CYPs 3A4, 2C9, 2C8, 2E1, and 1A2, while 2A6, 2D6, 2B6, 2C19 and 3A5 are less abundant and CYPs 2J2, 1A1, and 1B1 are mainly expressed extrahepatically. Expression of each CYP is influenced by a unique combination of mechanisms and factors including genetic polymorphisms, induction by xenobiotics, regulation by cytokines, hormones and during disease states, as well as sex, age, and others. Multiallelic genetic polymorphisms, which strongly depend on ethnicity, play a major role for the function of CYPs 2D6, 2C19, 2C9, 2B6, 3A5 and 2A6, and lead to distinct pharmacogenetic phenotypes termed as poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolizers. For these CYPs, the evidence for clinical significance regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug efficacy and dose requirement is rapidly growing. Polymorphisms in CYPs 1A1, 1A2, 2C8, 2E1, 2J2, and 3A4 are generally less predictive, but new data on CYP3A4 show that predictive variants exist and that additional variants in regulatory genes or in NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) can have an influence. Here we review the recent progress on drug metabolism activity profiles, interindividual variability and regulation of expression, and the functional and clinical impact of genetic variation in drug metabolizing P450s.
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29
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Xu Y, Li Y, Li H, Pang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang R, Shen L, Zhou J, Wang X, Liu Q. The accumulations of HIF-1α and HIF-2α by JNK and ERK are involved in biphasic effects induced by different levels of arsenite in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The immunological process of clonal selection requires a rapid burst in lymphocyte proliferation, and this involves a metabolic shift to provide energy and the building blocks of new cells. After activation, naive and memory T cells switch from the oxidation of free fatty acids to glycolysis and glutaminolysis to meet these demands. Beyond this, however, the availability of specific metabolites and the pathways that process them interconnect with signaling events in the cell to influence cell cycle, differentiation, cell death and immunological function. Here we define 'metabolic checkpoints' that represent such interconnections and provide examples of how these checkpoints sense metabolic status and transduce signals to affect T lymphocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoning Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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31
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Jennings P, Limonciel A, Felice L, Leonard MO. An overview of transcriptional regulation in response to toxicological insult. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:49-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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32
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Deshmane SL, Amini S, Sen S, Khalili K, Sawaya BE. Regulation of the HIV-1 promoter by HIF-1α and Vpr proteins. Virol J 2011; 8:477. [PMID: 22023789 PMCID: PMC3210103 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the ability of HIV-1 Vpr protein to activate the oxidative stress pathway, thus leading to the induction of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Therefore, we sought to examine the interplay between the two proteins and the impact of HIF-1α activation on HIV-1 transcription. Using transient transfection assays, we identified the optimal concentration of HIF-1α necessary for the activation of the HIV-1 promoter as well as the domain within HIF-1α responsible for this activation. Our findings indicated that activation of the HIV-1 LTR by Vpr is HIF-1α dependent. Furthermore, we showed that both Vpr and HIF-1α activate the HIV-1 promoter through the GC-rich binding domain within the LTR. Taken together, these data shed more light on the mechanisms used by Vpr to activate the HIV-1 promoter and placed HIF-1α as a major participant in this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish L Deshmane
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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33
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Qin XY, Wei F, Yoshinaga J, Yonemoto J, Tanokura M, Sone H. siRNA-mediated knockdown of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 affects hypoxia-inducible factor-1 regulatory signaling and metabolism in human breast cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3310-5. [PMID: 21945317 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent human studies found that the mRNA expression level of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) was positively associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. In this study, we used small interfering RNA techniques to knockdown ARNT2 expression in MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and found that an almost 40% downregulation of ARNT2 mRNA expression increased the expression of sensitive to apoptosis gene (3.36-fold), and decreased the expression of von Hippel-Lindau (0.27-fold) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (0.35-fold). The metabolite analysis revealed the contents of glucose, glycine, betaine, phosphocholine, pyruvate and lactate involved in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-dependent glycolytic pathway were significantly lower in cells treated with siARNT2. Our results suggested that ARNT2 might play an important role in the modulation of HIF-1-regulated signaling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Qin
- Health Risk Research Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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34
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Arlt VM, Schwerdtle T. UKEMS/Dutch EMS-sponsored workshop on biomarkers of exposure and oxidative DNA damage & 7th GUM-32P-postlabelling workshop, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, 28-29 March 2011. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:679-85. [PMID: 21693685 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures are a major concern for human cancer. However, the precise contribution of specific risk factors and their interactions, both with each other and with genotype, continue to be difficult to elucidate. The exposome is the comprehensive characterisation of an individual's lifetime exposure history (Wild, C. P. (2009) Environmental exposure measurement in cancer epidemiology. Mutagenesis, 24, 117-125). Unravelling complex environmental and genetic aetiologies in order to plan effective public health interventions demands that both environmental exposures and genetic variations are reliably measured. The development, validation and application of biomarkers of exposure are manifestly critical to the future of cancer epidemiology. The aim of this workshop at the University of Münster was to discuss the current status of exposure biomarkers in cancer molecular epidemiology as well as new findings achieved by applying the methods to studies of mechanisms of human cancer. Day 1 focused on biomarkers of exposure (i.e. carcinogen DNA adducts), effect and susceptibility to gain greater understanding of environmental cancer risks and their modulation. Day 2 focused on the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage in human carcinogenesis including methodologies used for the measurement of oxidatively induced DNA lesions in human cells or tissues and the possible use of these lesions as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Arlt
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Brookes Lawley Building, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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