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Hoard TM, Liu K, Cadigan KM, Giger RJ, Allen BL. Semaphorin Receptors Antagonize Wnt Signaling Through Beta-Catenin Degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596372. [PMID: 38854152 PMCID: PMC11160715 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Precise control of morphogen signaling levels is essential for proper development. An outstanding question is: what mechanisms ensure proper morphogen activity and correct cellular responses? Previous work has identified Semaphorin (SEMA) receptors, Neuropilins (NRPs) and Plexins (PLXNs), as positive regulators of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. Here, we provide evidence that NRPs and PLXNs antagonize Wnt signaling in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Further, Nrp1/2 deletion in fibroblasts results in elevated baseline Wnt pathway activity and increased maximal responses to Wnt stimulation. Notably, and in contrast to HH signaling, SEMA receptor-mediated Wnt antagonism is independent of primary cilia. Mechanistically, PLXNs and NRPs act downstream of Dishevelled (DVL) to destabilize β-catenin (CTNNB1) in a proteosome-dependent manner. Further, NRPs, but not PLXNs, act in a GSK3β/CK1-dependent fashion to antagonize Wnt signaling, suggesting distinct repressive mechanisms for these SEMA receptors. Overall, this study identifies SEMA receptors as novel Wnt pathway antagonists that may also play larger roles integrating signals from multiple inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Hoard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katie Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kenneth M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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He Y, Tang J, Zhang M, Ying J, Mu D. Human Placenta Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation Reducing Cellular Apoptosis in Hypoxic-Ischemic Neonatal Rats by Down-Regulating Semaphorin 3A/Neuropilin-1. Neuroscience 2024; 536:36-46. [PMID: 37967738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an abnormal neurological condition caused by hypoxic-ischemic damage during the perinatal period. Human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) have been shown to have protective and reparative effects in various neurological diseases; however, the research on HIE is insufficient. This study aimed to establish a rat model of HIE and transplant hPMSCs through the lateral ventricle after hypoxic-ishcemic (HI) brain damage to observe its protective effects and mechanisms, with a focus on brain apoptosis compared among groups. Differentially expressed apoptosis-related proteins were screened using a rat cytokine array and subsequent verification. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) were selected for further investigation. Western blotting was used to quantify the expression of Sema 3A and the proteins related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Exogenous Sema 3A was added to evaluate the effects of Sema 3A/NRP-1 on hPMSCs following HI injury. hPMSCs transplantation ameliorated HI-induced pathological changes, reduced apoptosis, and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, Sema 3A/NRP-1 was a key regulator in reducing HI-induced apoptosis after hPMSCs transplantation. hPMSCs inhibited the expression of Sema 3A/NRP-1 and activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, exogenous Sema 3A abolished the protective effects of hPMSCs against HI. In conclusion, hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis after HI by downregulating Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610000, China
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OMICS Analyses Unraveling Related Gene and Protein-Driven Molecular Mechanisms Underlying PACAP 38-Induced Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044169. [PMID: 36835581 PMCID: PMC9964364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to understand mechanism/s of neuronal outgrowth in the rat adrenal-derived pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) under pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) treatment. Neurite projection elongation was suggested to be mediated via Pac1 receptor-mediated dephosphorylation of CRMP2, where GSK-3β, CDK5, and Rho/ROCK dephosphorylated CRMP2 within 3 h after addition of PACAP, but the dephosphorylation of CRMP2 by PACAP remained unclear. Thus, we attempted to identify the early factors in PACAP-induced neurite projection elongation via omics-based transcriptomic (whole genome DNA microarray) and proteomic (TMT-labeled liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) analyses of gene and protein expression profiles from 5-120 min after PACAP addition. The results revealed a number of key regulators involved in neurite outgrowth, including known ones, called 'Initial Early Factors', e.g., genes Inhba, Fst, Nr4a1,2,3, FAT4, Axin2, and proteins Mis12, Cdk13, Bcl91, CDC42, including categories of 'serotonergic synapse, neuropeptide and neurogenesis, and axon guidance'. cAMP signaling and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways and a calcium signaling pathway might be involved in CRMP2 dephosphorylation. Cross-referencing previous research, we tried to map these molecular components onto potential pathways, and we may provide important new information on molecular mechanisms of neuronal differentiation induced by PACAP. Gene and protein expression data are publicly available at NCBI GSE223333 and ProteomeXchange, identifier PXD039992.
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Hu R, Shi M, Xu H, Wu X, He K, Chen Y, Wu L, Ma R. Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies the effects of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling in oligodendrocytes after spinal cord injury in rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13856. [PMID: 35990904 PMCID: PMC9390322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling in oligodendrocytes (OLs) after spinal cord injury. Methods Three analysis strategies, namely differential expression gene analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were applied. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING website to explore the correlation between Sema3A/NRP1 and oligodendrocytes. Then, the T10 spinal cord segment of rats was injured by the Allen method to establish a spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, Nissl staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the effect of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling on oligodendrocytes in vivo. Results After the SCI model was established, significantly fewer oligodendrocytes were observed. At the same time, R software was used to analyze the expression of related genes, and NRP1 expression was increased. PCR also demonstrated similar results, and NRP1 ligand Sema3A was also upregulated. KEGG and GO functional enrichment analysis indicated that the SCI model was mainly related to cytokine interaction, cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. Interestingly, we found that NRP1 was involved in semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway neuronal projection guidance and axon guidance, mediating cell growth and migration. Moreover, Sema3A/NRP1 signaling was closely associated with platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) in the PPI network. When Sema3A/NRP1 signaling was specifically blocked at early stages, PDGFRα expression was effectively inhibited, and the expression of OLs was promoted. Furthermore, inhibition of Sema3A/NRP1 signaling increased the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score of lower limb motor function in SCI rats and promoted the survival of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the injured spinal cord. Conclusion Our data suggest that Sema3A/NRP1 signaling may regulate the development of OPCs and OLs after SCI, thereby affecting functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Mengting Shi
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Xingying Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Kelin He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), HangZhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), HangZhou, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), HangZhou, China,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhongshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province), HangZhou, China
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Nakamura S, Nishinaka A, Hidaka Y, Shimazawa M, Thomas L, Bakker RA, Hara H. Efficacy of an Anti-Semaphorin 3A Neutralizing Antibody in a Male Experimental Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:14. [PMID: 35822950 PMCID: PMC9288153 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.8.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a promising therapeutic target for macular edema in age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) are the current standard of care for many retinal diseases. This study investigated the Sema3A neutralizing antibody BI-X and/or anti-VEGF therapy (aflibercept) in an RVO mouse model. Treatment efficacy was examined and grouped by timing subsequent to the RVO mouse model induction: efficacy against the onset of intraretinal edema 1 day postinduction and protective effects at 7 days postinduction. Methods We examined the changes in expression of Sema3A in the retina of an RVO mouse model. In addition, changes in expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and semaphorin-related proteins (neuropilin-1 and plexin A1) in the retina upon treatment were analyzed by Western blotting. The effects of BI-X and/or aflibercept were evaluated using measures of retinal edema, blood flow, and thinning of the inner nuclear layer. Results Induction of vein occlusion in the RVO mouse model significantly increased Sema3A expression in the retina, particularly in the inner nuclear layer. BI-X was effective as a monotherapy and in combination with anti-VEGF therapy, demonstrating a beneficial effect on intraretinal edema and retinal blood flow. Moreover, in the RVO mouse model, BI-X monotherapy normalized the changes in expression of TNF-α and semaphorin-related proteins. Conclusions These findings support targeting Sema3A to treat intraretinal edema and retinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Anri Nishinaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yae Hidaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Leo Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach and der Riß, Germany
| | - Remko A Bakker
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach and der Riß, Germany
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Du H, Xu Y, Zhu L. Role of Semaphorins in Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:848506. [PMID: 35350431 PMCID: PMC8957939 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.848506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world. Although the management of ischemic stroke has been improved significantly, it still imposes a huge burden on the health and property. The integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is closely related with the prognosis of ischemic stroke. Growing evidence has shown that semaphorins, a family of axon guidance cues, play a pivotal role in multiple pathophysiological processes in NVU after ischemia, such as regulating the immune system, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. Modulating the NVU function via semaphorin signaling has a potential to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. We, therefore, review recent progresses on the role of semphorin family members in neurons, glial cells and vasculature after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Du
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhu,
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Kuai F, Zhou L, Zhou J, Sun X, Dong W. Long non-coding RNA THRIL inhibits miRNA-24-3p to upregulate neuropilin-1 to aggravate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulating the nuclear factor κB p65 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9071-9084. [PMID: 33675584 PMCID: PMC8034910 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the tumor necrosis factor and HNRNPL related immunoregulatory long non-coding RNA (THRIL) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/ischemia-reperfusion (MCAO/IR) model and an oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model were constructed. THRIL was knocked down using siTHRIL. Neurological deficit score was detected based on the criteria of Zea-Longa. Brain region 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining and quantitative analysis of cerebral infarction volume, RT-qPCR, and fluorescence immunostaining were performed for assessing THRIL expression. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation ability after transfection, TUNEL assay was applied to detect apoptosis, and western blot and ELISA detected related protein expression. A dual luciferase reporter system and RIP assay were used to confirm the target relationship. Results: THRIL was upregulated in both in vitro and in vivo models of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. Knockdown of THRIL attenuated OGD/R neuronal apoptosis and OGD/R-induced inflammation. THRIL targeted and regulated the expression of miR-24-3p/neuropilin-1 (NRP1) axis. THRIL silencing significantly improved the neurological functioning of rats in the MCAO/R model by miR-24-3p/NRP1/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. Conclusion: THRIL could aggravate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by competitively binding to miR-24-3p to promote the upregulation of NRP1 and further promoted the activation of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kuai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of orthopedic, The People's Hospital of Lianshui, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Wanli Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Limoni G, Niquille M. Semaphorins and Plexins in central nervous system patterning: the key to it all? Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 66:224-232. [PMID: 33513538 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorins and Plexins constitute one of the largest family of guidance molecules and receptors involved in setting critical biological steps for central nervous system development. The role of these molecules in axonal development has been extensively characterized but Semaphorins and Plexins are also involved in a variety of other developmental processes, spanning from cell polarization to migration, laminar segregation and neuronal maturation. In this review, we aim to gather discoveries carried in the field of neurodevelopment over the last decade, during which Semaphorin/Plexin complexes have emerged as key regulators of neurogenesis, neural cell migration and adult gliogenesis. As well, we report mechanisms that brought a better understanding of axonal midline crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Limoni
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
| | - Mathieu Niquille
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
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Zheng L, Xie C, Zheng J, Dong Q, Si T, Zhang J, Hou ST. An imbalanced ratio between PC(16:0/16:0) and LPC(16:0) revealed by lipidomics supports the role of the Lands cycle in ischemic brain injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100151. [PMID: 33288676 PMCID: PMC7900749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting brain recovery after stroke is challenging as a plethora of inhibitory molecules are produced in the brain preventing it from full healing. Moreover, the full scope of inhibitory molecules produced is not well understood. Here, using a high-sensitivity UPLC-MS-based shotgun lipidomics strategy, we semiquantitively measured the differential lipid contents in the mouse cerebral cortex recovering from a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The lipidomic data were interrogated using the soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) method involving principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Statistics of the 578 confirmed lipids revealed 84 species were differentially changed during MCAO/reperfusion. The most dynamic changes in lipids occurred between 1 and 7 days post-MCAO, whereas concentrations had subsided to the Sham group level at 14 and 28 days post-MCAO. Quantitative analyses revealed a strong monotonic relationship between the reduction in phosphatidylcholine (PC)(16:0/16:0) and the increase in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)(16:0) levels (Spearman's Rs = -0.86) during the 1 to 7 days reperfusion period. Inhibition of cPLA2 prevented changes in the ratio between PC(16:0/16:0) and LPC(16:0), indicating altered Land's cycle of PC. A series of in vitro studies showed that LPC(16:0), but not PC(16:0/16:0), was detrimental to the integrity of neuronal growth cones and neuronal viability through evoking intracellular calcium influx. In contrast, PC(16:0/16:0) significantly suppressed microglial secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, limiting neuroinflammation pathways. Together, these data support the role of the imbalanced ratio between PC(16:0/16:0) and LPC(16:0), maintained by Lands' cycle, in neuronal damage and microglia-mediated inflammatory response during ischemic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zheng
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chengbin Xie
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ju Zheng
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiangrui Dong
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tengxiao Si
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Hou ST. The regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs in neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and gene transcription. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104795. [PMID: 32652266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are ubiquitously expressed in neurons from worms to humans. A cardinal feature of CRMPs is to mediate growth cone collapse in response to Semaphorin-3A signaling through interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. These are critical regulatory roles that CRMPs play during neuritogenesis and neural network formation. Through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, SUMOylation, and proteolytic cleavage, CRMPs participate in synaptic plasticity by modulating NMDA receptors, L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), thus affecting neurotransmitter release. CRMPs also possess histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone H4 during neuronal death. Calcium-dependent proteolytic cleavage of CRMPs results in the truncation of CRMPs, producing a large 54 kD fragment (p54). Translocation of the p54 fragment into the nucleus leads to deacetylation of nuclear histone H4 and de-repression of transcription factor E2F1 expression. Increased expression of E2F1 elevates the expression of genes in cell cycle and death. These new and exciting studies lead to the realization that CRMPs are multifunctional proteins with both regulatory and enzymatic functions. Increasing numbers of studies associate these functions of CRMPs with the development of mental and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's diseases, brain trauma, and stroke. This review focuses on new evidence showing the regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs and highlights recent understandings of CRMPs' roles in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Ragagnin AMG, Shadfar S, Vidal M, Jamali MS, Atkin JD. Motor Neuron Susceptibility in ALS/FTD. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:532. [PMID: 31316328 PMCID: PMC6610326 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of both upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. The neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to MN loss in ALS are not fully understood. Importantly, the reasons why MNs are specifically targeted in this disorder are unclear, when the proteins associated genetically or pathologically with ALS are expressed ubiquitously. Furthermore, MNs themselves are not affected equally; specific MNs subpopulations are more susceptible than others in both animal models and human patients. Corticospinal MNs and lower somatic MNs, which innervate voluntary muscles, degenerate more readily than specific subgroups of lower MNs, which remain resistant to degeneration, reflecting the clinical manifestations of ALS. In this review, we discuss the possible factors intrinsic to MNs that render them uniquely susceptible to neurodegeneration in ALS. We also speculate why some MN subpopulations are more vulnerable than others, focusing on both their molecular and physiological properties. Finally, we review the anatomical network and neuronal microenvironment as determinants of MN subtype vulnerability and hence the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Vidal
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Md Shafi Jamali
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Körner S, Thau-Habermann N, Kefalakes E, Bursch F, Petri S. Expression of the axon-guidance protein receptor Neuropilin 1 is increased in the spinal cord and decreased in muscle of a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1529-1543. [PMID: 30589468 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative motor neuron disorder. It is supposed that ALS is at least in part an axonopathy. Neuropilin 1 is an important receptor of the axon repellent Semaphorin 3A and a co-receptor of vascular endothelial growth factor. It is probably involved in neuronal and axonal de-/regeneration and might be of high relevance for ALS pathogenesis and/or disease progression. To elucidate whether the expression of either Neuropilin1 or Semaphorin3A is altered in ALS we investigated these proteins in human brain, spinal cord and muscle tissue of ALS-patients and controls as well as transgenic SOD1G93A and control mice. Neuropilin1 and Semaphorin3A gene and protein expression were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry. Groups were compared using either Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. We observed a consistent increase of Neuropilin1 expression in the spinal cord and decrease of Neuropilin1 and Semaphorin3A in muscle tissue of transgenic SOD1G93A mice at the mRNA and protein level. Previous studies have shown that damage of neurons physiologically causes Neuropilin1 and Semaphorin3A increase in the central nervous system and decrease in the peripheral nervous system. Our results indicate that this also occurs in ALS. Pharmacological modulation of expression and function of axon repellents could be a promising future therapeutic option in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Körner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ekaterini Kefalakes
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Bursch
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
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13
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Cheng HY, Wang YS, Hsu PY, Chen CY, Liao YC, Juo SHH. miR-195 Has a Potential to Treat Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke through Neurovascular Protection and Neurogenesis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 13:121-132. [PMID: 30775405 PMCID: PMC6365409 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator is the only U.S. FDA-approved therapy for ischemic stroke, while there is no specific medication for hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, the treatment of acute stroke continues to be a major unmet clinical need. We explored the effects of miR-195 on neurovascular protection and its potential in treating acute stroke. Using both cellular and animal studies, we showed that miR-195’s beneficial effects are mediated by four mechanisms: (1) anti-apoptosis for injured neural cells by directly suppressing Sema3A/Cdc42/JNK signaling, (2) neural regeneration by promoting neural stem cell proliferation and migration, (3) anti-inflammation by directly blocking the NF-kB pathway, and (4) improvement of endothelial functions. We intravenously injected miR-195 carried by nanoparticles into rats with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in the acute stage. The results showed that miR-195 reduced the size of brain damage and improved functional recovery in both types of stroke rats. The reduction of injured brain volume could be up to 45% in ischemic stroke and approximately 30% in hemorrhagic stroke. The therapeutic window between stroke onset and miR-195 treatment could be up to 6 h. Our data demonstrated that miR-195 possesses the potential to become a new drug to treat acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Cheng
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Song Wang
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Karatas H, Yigitkanli K, Holman TR, van Leyen K. Contributions of 12/15-Lipoxygenase to Bleeding in the Brain Following Ischemic Stroke. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:125-131. [PMID: 31562627 PMCID: PMC7278041 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are caused by one or more blood clots that typically obstruct one of the major arteries in the brain, but frequently also result in leakage of the blood-brain barrier and subsequent hemorrhage. While it has long been known that the enzyme 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) is up-regulated following ischemic strokes and contributes to neuronal cell death, recent research has shown an additional major role for 12/15-LOX in causing this hemorrhagic transformation. These findings have important implications for the use of 12/15-LOX inhibitors in the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hulya Karatas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yigitkanli
- Medicana Bursa Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Odunluk Mh. İzmir yolu Cd. No 41, 16110 Nilüfer / BURSA
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, US
| | - Klaus van Leyen
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA,Corresponding Author: Klaus van Leyen, Ph. D., Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Dept. of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St., R. 2401, Charlestown, MA 02129, (617) 724-6556,
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15
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Xu G, Li J. Recent advances in mass spectrometry imaging for multiomics application in neurology. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:2158-2169. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Xu
- Hubei Education Cloud Service Engineering Technology Research CenterHubei University of Education Wuhan China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Human Health TherapeuticsNational Research Council Canada Ottawa Ontario
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16
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miR126-5p Downregulation Facilitates Axon Degeneration and NMJ Disruption via a Non-Cell-Autonomous Mechanism in ALS. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5478-5494. [PMID: 29773756 PMCID: PMC6001038 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3037-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration and disruption of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are key events in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology. Although the disease's etiology is not fully understood, it is thought to involve a non-cell-autonomous mechanism and alterations in RNA metabolism. Here, we identified reduced levels of miR126-5p in presymptomatic ALS male mice models, and an increase in its targets: axon destabilizing Type 3 Semaphorins and their coreceptor Neuropilins. Using compartmentalized in vitro cocultures, we demonstrated that myocytes expressing diverse ALS-causing mutations promote axon degeneration and NMJ dysfunction, which were inhibited by applying Neuropilin1 blocking antibody. Finally, overexpressing miR126-5p is sufficient to transiently rescue axon degeneration and NMJ disruption both in vitro and in vivo Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying ALS pathology, in which alterations in miR126-5p facilitate a non-cell-autonomous mechanism of motor neuron degeneration in ALS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite some progress, currently no effective treatment is available for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We suggest a novel regulatory role for miR126-5p in ALS and demonstrate, for the first time, a mechanism by which alterations in miR126-5p contribute to axon degeneration and NMJ disruption observed in ALS. We show that miR126-5p is altered in ALS models and that it can modulate Sema3 and NRP protein expression. Furthermore, NRP1 elevations in motor neurons and muscle secretion of Sema3A contribute to axon degeneration and NMJ disruption in ALS. Finally, overexpressing miR126-5p is sufficient to transiently rescue NMJ disruption and axon degeneration both in vitro and in vivo.
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17
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ALS-related human cortical and motor neurons survival is differentially affected by Sema3A. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 29449528 PMCID: PMC5833799 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cell death of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). The cause of MN cell loss is not completely understood but involves both cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Numerous molecules have been implicated to be involved in the death of MNs. One such candidate is semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). In ALS patients, Sema3A was shown to be significantly upregulated in the motor cortex and downregulated in the spinal cord. In the mouse, Sema3A was shown to be an axon repellent molecule for MNs. Sema3A could also induce death of different neuronal types that are also repelled by it, including sensory, sympathetic, retinal, and cortical neurons. In contrast, astrocyte-specific knockout of Sema3A results in motor neuron cell death, consistent with the idea that Sema3A is a survival factor for mouse motor neurons. Here, we tested the response of human cortical neurons and spinal cord MNs to Sema3A. We found that Sema3A enhances the survival of spinal cord MNs. In contrast, Sema3A reduces the survival of cortical neurons. Thus, both upregulation of Sema3A in the cortex, or downregulation in the spinal cord of ALS patients is likely to directly contribute to MNs cell loss in ALS patients.
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18
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Human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation from asthmatics is negatively regulated by semaphorin3A. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80238-80251. [PMID: 27791986 PMCID: PMC5348316 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia is a key feature of airway remodeling in development of lung diseases such as asthma. Anomalous proliferation of ASM cells directly contributes to ASM hyperplasia. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling ASM cell proliferation are not completely understood. Semaphorins are versatile regulators of various cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation. The role of semaphorins in ASM cell proliferation has remained to be addressed. Here, we report that semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) receptor, neuropilin 1 (Nrp1), is expressed on human ASM cells (HASMC) isolated from healthy and asthmatic donors and treatment of these cells with exogenous Sema3A inhibits growth factor-induced proliferation. Sema3A inhibitory effect on HASMC proliferation is associated with decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGFR, downregulation of Rac1 activation, STAT3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation. Bronchial sections from severe asthmatics displayed immunoreactivity of Nrp1, suggestive of functional contribution of Sema3A-Nrp1 axis in airway remodeling. Together, our data suggest Sema3A-Nrp1 signaling as a novel regulatory pathway of ASM hyperplasia.
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19
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Wehner AB, Abdesselem H, Dickendesher TL, Imai F, Yoshida Y, Giger RJ, Pierchala BA. Semaphorin 3A is a retrograde cell death signal in developing sympathetic neurons. Development 2017; 143:1560-70. [PMID: 27143756 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During development of the peripheral nervous system, excess neurons are generated, most of which will be lost by programmed cell death due to a limited supply of neurotrophic factors from their targets. Other environmental factors, such as 'competition factors' produced by neurons themselves, and axon guidance molecules have also been implicated in developmental cell death. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), in addition to its function as a chemorepulsive guidance cue, can also induce death of sensory neurons in vitro The extent to which Sema3A regulates developmental cell death in vivo, however, is debated. We show that in compartmentalized cultures of rat sympathetic neurons, a Sema3A-initiated apoptosis signal is retrogradely transported from axon terminals to cell bodies to induce cell death. Sema3A-mediated apoptosis utilizes the extrinsic pathway and requires both neuropilin 1 and plexin A3. Sema3A is not retrogradely transported in older, survival factor-independent sympathetic neurons, and is much less effective at inducing apoptosis in these neurons. Importantly, deletion of either neuropilin 1 or plexin A3 significantly reduces developmental cell death in the superior cervical ganglia. Taken together, a Sema3A-initiated apoptotic signaling complex regulates the apoptosis of sympathetic neurons during the period of naturally occurring cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Wehner
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Travis L Dickendesher
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fumiyasu Imai
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45299, USA
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45299, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian A Pierchala
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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20
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Kikuchi S, Chen L, Xiong K, Saito Y, Azuma N, Tang G, Sobel M, Wight TN, Kenagy RD. Smooth muscle cells of human veins show an increased response to injury at valve sites. J Vasc Surg 2017. [PMID: 28647196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous valves are essential but are prone to injury, thrombosis, and fibrosis. We compared the behavior and gene expression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the valve sinus vs nonvalve sites to elucidate biologic differences associated with vein valves. METHODS Tissue explants of fresh human saphenous veins were prepared, and the migration of SMCs from explants of valve sinus vs nonvalve sinus areas was measured. Proliferation and death of SMCs were determined by staining for Ki67 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Proliferation and migration of passaged valve vs nonvalve SMCs were determined by cell counts and using microchemotaxis chambers. Global gene expression in valve vs nonvalve intima-media was determined by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Valve SMCs demonstrated greater proliferation in tissue explants compared with nonvalve SMCs (19.3% ± 5.4% vs 6.8% ± 2.0% Ki67-positive nuclei at 4 days, respectively; mean ± standard error of the mean, five veins; P < .05). This was also true for migration (18.2 ± 2.7 vs 7.5 ± 3.0 migrated SMCs/explant at 6 days, respectively; 24 veins, 15 explants/vein; P < .0001). Cell death was not different (39.6% ± 16.1% vs 41.5% ± 16.0% terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, respectively, at 4 days, five veins). Cultured valve SMCs also proliferated faster than nonvalve SMCs in response to platelet-derived growth factor subunit BB (2.9 ± 0.2-fold vs 2.1 ± 0.2-fold of control, respectively; P < .001; n = 5 pairs of cells). This was also true for migration (6.5 ± 1.2-fold vs 4.4 ± 0.8-fold of control, respectively; P < .001; n = 7 pairs of cells). Blockade of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) inhibited the increased responses of valve SMCs but had no effect on nonvalve SMCs. Exogenous FGF2 increased migration of valve but not of nonvalve SMCs. Unlike in the isolated, cultured cells, blockade of FGF2 in the tissue explants did not block migration of valve or nonvalve SMCs from the explants. Thirty-seven genes were differentially expressed by valve compared with nonvalve intimal-medial tissue (11 veins). Peptide-mediated inhibition of SEMA3A, one of the differentially expressed genes, increased the number of migrated SMCs of valve but not of nonvalve explants. CONCLUSIONS Valve compared with nonvalve SMCs have greater rates of migration and proliferation, which may in part explain the propensity for pathologic lesion formation in valves. Whereas FGF2 mediates these effects in cultured SMCs, the mediators of these stimulatory effects in the valve wall tissue remain unclear but may be among the differentially expressed genes discovered in this study. One of these genes, SEMA3A, mediates a valve-specific inhibitory effect on the injury response of valve SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Kevin Xiong
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Yukihiro Saito
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Gale Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Michael Sobel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard D Kenagy
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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21
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Computational Methods for Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Challenges, Progress, and Opportunities. HEALTH INFORMATION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-44981-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Ingberg E, Dock H, Theodorsson E, Theodorsson A, Ström JO. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in mouse stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21086. [PMID: 26876353 PMCID: PMC4753409 DOI: 10.1038/srep21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of promising substances have been tested in clinical trials,
thrombolysis currently remains the only specific pharmacological treatment for
ischemic stroke. Poor quality, e.g. low statistical power, in the preclinical
studies has been suggested to play an important role in these failures. Therefore,
it would be attractive to use animal models optimized to minimize unnecessary
mortality and outcome variability, or at least to be able to power studies more
exactly by predicting variability and mortality given a certain experimental setup.
The possible combinations of methodological parameters are innumerous, and an
experimental comparison of them all is therefore not feasible. As an alternative
approach, we extracted data from 334 experimental mouse stroke articles and, using a
hypothesis-driven meta-analysis, investigated the method parameters’
impact on infarct size variability and mortality. The use of Swiss and C57BL6 mice
as well as permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery rendered the lowest
variability of the infarct size while the emboli methods increased variability. The
use of Swiss mice increased mortality. Our study offers guidance for researchers
striving to optimize mouse stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Ingberg
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Hua Dock
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Annette Theodorsson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden.,Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Neurosurgery, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Jakob O Ström
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics, Region Östergötland, Sweden.,Vårdvetenskapligt Forskningscentrum/Centre for Health Sciences, Örebro University Hospital, County Council of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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23
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Hu H, Xuan Y, Xue M, Cheng W, Wang Y, Li X, Yin J, Li X, Yang N, Shi Y, Yan S. Semaphorin 3A attenuates cardiac autonomic disorders and reduces inducible ventricular arrhythmias in rats with experimental myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:16. [PMID: 26787044 PMCID: PMC4719212 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of semaphorin 3A (sema 3A) on cardiac autonomic regulation and subsequent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in post-infarcted hearts. METHOD AND RESULTS In order to explore the functions of sema 3A in post-infarcted hearts, lentivirus-Sema 3A-shRNA and negative control vectors were delivered to the peri-infarcted myocardium rats respectively. Meanwhile, recombinant sema 3A and control (0.9% NaCl solution) were injected intravenously into infarcted rats to test the therapeutic potential of sema 3A. Results indicated that levels of sema 3A were higher in post-infarcted hearts compared with sham rats. However, sema 3A silencing leaded to sympathetic hyperinnervation, increased myocardial norepinephrine (NE) content and inducible VAs. Conversely, the intravenous administration of sema 3A to infarcted rats reduced sympathetic nerve sprouting, improved cardiac autonomic regulation, and decreased the incidence of inducible VAs. However, both infarct size and cardiac function were similar among infarcted hearts. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation and administration of sema 3A exerted beneficial effects on infarction-induced cardiac autonomic disorders by increasing cardiac electrical stability and reducing VAs. Sema 3A might be a potential therapeutic agent for cardiac autonomic abnormalities induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Yongli Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Yugen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
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24
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Gilabert-Juan J, Sáez AR, Lopez-Campos G, Sebastiá-Ortega N, González-Martínez R, Costa J, Haro JM, Callado LF, Meana JJ, Nacher J, Sanjuán J, Moltó MD. Semaphorin and plexin gene expression is altered in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients with and without auditory hallucinations. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:850-7. [PMID: 26243375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Auditory hallucinations (AH) are clinical hallmarks of schizophrenia, however little is known about molecular genetics of these symptoms. In this study, gene expression profiling of postmortem brain samples from prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients without AH (SNA), patients with AH (SA) and control subjects were compared. Genome-wide expression analysis was conducted using samples of three individuals of each group and the Affymetrix GeneChip Human-Gene 1.0 ST-Array. This analysis identified the Axon Guidance pathway as one of the most differentially expressed network among SNA, SA and CNT. To confirm the transcriptome results, mRNA level quantification of seventeen genes involved in this pathway was performed in a larger sample. PLXNB1, SEMA3A, SEMA4D and SEM6C were upregulated in SNA or SA patients compared to controls. PLXNA1 and SEMA3D showed down-regulation in their expression in the patient's samples, but differences remained statistically significant between the SNA patients and controls. Differences between SNA and SA were found in PLXNB1 expression which is decreased in SA patients. This study strengthens the contribution of brain plasticity in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and shows that non-hallucinatory patients present more alterations in frontal regions than patients with hallucinations concerning neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gilabert-Juan
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de Neurobiología y Programa de Neurociencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Sáez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Sebastiá-Ortega
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocio González-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de Neurobiología y Programa de Neurociencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Costa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep María Haro
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis F Callado
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - J Javier Meana
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Spain; BioCruces Health Research Institute, Spain
| | - Juán Nacher
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Unidad de Neurobiología y Programa de Neurociencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Departamento de Biología Celular, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Universitat de València INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Moltó
- CIBERSAM, Spain; Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universitat de València, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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Shen WW, Chen WG, Liu FZ, Hu X, Wang HK, Zhang Y, Chu TW. Breast cancer cells promote osteoblastic differentiation via Sema 3A signaling pathway in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1584-1593. [PMID: 25973043 PMCID: PMC4396274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer bone metastases are attributed to multiple cellular and molecular interactions between the cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Some breast cancers (about 10%) manifest predominant osteoblastic bone metastases. However, the effects of cancer cell-produced factors on osteoblastic differentiation are not fully understood. Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) is a newly identified regulatory factor of bone rebuilding. In the present study, we demonstrated that human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, which preferentially form osteoblastic bone metastases, exhibited increased Sema 3A expression levels. We also found that MCF-7 cell-derived Sema 3A stimulated osteoblastic differentiation and nuclear β-catenin accumulation, and these effects could be blocked by shRNA Sema 3A or a Sema 3A-neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, our data suggest that MCF-7 cell-derived Sema 3A plays a causative role in osteoblastic bone metastases progression by stimulating osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wu-Gui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Fu-Zhou Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hong-Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Tong-Wei Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Street, Chongqing 400037, China
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Hou ST, Nilchi L, Li X, Gangaraju S, Jiang SX, Aylsworth A, Monette R, Slinn J. Semaphorin3A elevates vascular permeability and contributes to cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7890. [PMID: 25601765 PMCID: PMC4298747 DOI: 10.1038/srep07890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) increased significantly in mouse brain following cerebral ischemia. However, the role of Sema3A in stroke brain remains unknown. Our aim was to determine wether Sema3A functions as a vascular permeability factor and contributes to ischemic brain damage. Recombinant Sema3A injected intradermally to mouse skin, or stereotactically into the cerebral cortex, caused dose- and time-dependent increases in vascular permeability, with a degree comparable to that caused by injection of a known vascular permeability factor vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGF). Application of Sema3A to cultured endothelial cells caused disorganization of F-actin stress fibre bundles and increased endothelial monolayer permeability, confirming Sema3A as a permeability factor. Sema3A-mediated F-actin changes in endothelial cells were through binding to the neuropilin2/VEGFR1 receptor complex, which in turn directly activates Mical2, a F-actin modulator. Down-regulation of Mical2, using specific siRNA, alleviated Sema3A-induced F-actin disorganization, cellular morphology changes and endothelial permeability. Importantly, ablation of Sema3A expression, cerebrovascular permeability and brain damage were significantly reduced in response to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/haemorrhagic transformation. Together, these studies demonstrated that Sema3A is a key mediator of cerebrovascular permeability and contributes to brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tao Hou
- 1] Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P.R. China, 518055 [2] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [3] Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ladan Nilchi
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [2] Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Xuesheng Li
- 1] Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [2] Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sandhya Gangaraju
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Susan X Jiang
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Amy Aylsworth
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Robert Monette
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Slinn
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Bldg M54, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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Mecollari V, Nieuwenhuis B, Verhaagen J. A perspective on the role of class III semaphorin signaling in central nervous system trauma. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:328. [PMID: 25386118 PMCID: PMC4209881 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) has severe impact on the patients’ quality of life and initiates many molecular and cellular changes at the site of insult. Traumatic CNS injury results in direct damage of the axons of CNS neurons, loss of myelin sheaths, destruction of the surrounding vascular architecture and initiation of an immune response. Class III semaphorins (SEMA3s) are present in the neural scar and influence a wide range of molecules and cell types in and surrounding the injured tissue. SEMA3s and their receptors, neuropilins (NRPs) and plexins (PLXNs) were initially studied because of their involvement in repulsive axon guidance. To date, SEMA3 signaling is recognized to be of crucial importance for re-vascularization, the immune response and remyelination. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss how SEMA3s modulate these processes that are all crucial components of the tissue response to injury. Most of the functions for SEMA3s are achieved through their binding partners NRPs, which are also co-receptors for a variety of other molecules implicated in the above processes. The most notable ligands are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and the transforming growth factor family. Therefore, a second aim is to highlight the overlapping or competing signaling pathways that are mediated through NRPs in the same processes. In conclusion, we show that the role of SEMA3s goes beyond inhibiting axonal regeneration, since they are also critical modulators of re-vascularization, the immune response and re-myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Mecollari
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Nieuwenhuis
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA. The emerging role of class-3 semaphorins and their neuropilin receptors in oncology. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1663-87. [PMID: 25285016 PMCID: PMC4181631 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s37744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins, discovered over 20 years ago, are a large family of secreted or transmembrane and glycophosphatidylinositol -anchored proteins initially identified as axon guidance molecules crucial for the development of the nervous system. It has now been established that they also play important roles in organ development and function, especially involving the immune, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, and in pathological disorders, including cancer. During tumor progression, semaphorins can have both pro- and anti-tumor functions, and this has created complexities in our understanding of these systems. Semaphorins may affect tumor growth and metastases by directly targeting tumor cells, as well as indirectly by interacting with and influencing cells from the micro-environment and vasculature. Mechanistically, semaphorins, through binding to their receptors, neuropilins and plexins, affect pathways involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Importantly, neuropilins also act as co-receptors for several growth factors and enhance their signaling activities, while class 3 semaphorins may interfere with this. In this review, we focus on the secreted class 3 semaphorins and their neuropilin co-receptors in cancer, including aspects of their signaling that may be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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29
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Corà D, Astanina E, Giraudo E, Bussolino F. Semaphorins in cardiovascular medicine. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:589-98. [PMID: 25154329 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During organogenesis, patterning is primarily achieved by the combined actions of morphogens. Among these, semaphorins represent a general system for establishing the appropriate wiring architecture of biological nets. Originally discovered as evolutionarily conserved steering molecules for developing axons, subsequent studies on semaphorins expanded their functions to the cardiovascular and immune systems. Semaphorins participate in cardiac organogenesis and control physiological vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which result from a balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic signals. These signals are altered in several diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of semaphorins in vascular biology, emphasizing the mechanisms by which these molecules control vascular patterning and lymphangiogenesis, as well as in genetically inherited and degenerative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corà
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, Torino, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Torino, Candiolo, Italy; Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, Torino, Candiolo, Italy.
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Nitric oxide mediates selective degeneration of hypothalamic orexin neurons through dysfunction of protein disulfide isomerase. J Neurosci 2013; 33:12557-68. [PMID: 23904594 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0595-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We addressed the role of nitric oxide (NO) in orexin neuron degeneration that has been observed under various pathological conditions. Administration of an NO donor NOC18 (50 nmol) into the third ventricle of mice resulted in a significant decrease of orexin-immunoreactive (-IR) neurons, in contrast to a modest change in melanin-concentrating hormone-IR neurons. In addition, NOC18 promoted formation of orexin-A-IR aggregates within orexin neurons. An endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer tunicamycin replicated the effect of NOC18 with regard to decrease of orexin-IR neurons and formation of aggregates. We also found that NOC18 caused an increase in S-nitrosation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and a decrease in PDI activity in hypothalamic tissues. Moreover, PDI inhibitors, such as cystamine and securinine, caused a selective decrease of orexin neurons and promoted formation of orexin-A-IR aggregates. Aggregate formation in orexin-IR neurons was also induced by local injection of small interfering RNA targeting PDI. Interestingly, sleep deprivation for 7 consecutive days induced a selective decrease of orexin-IR neurons, which was preceded by aggregate formation in orexin-IR neurons and an increase in S-nitrosated PDI in the hypothalamus. Activity of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)-positive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus as assessed by c-Fos expression was elevated in response to sleep deprivation. Finally, sleep deprivation-induced decrease of orexin-IR neurons, formation of aggregates, and S-nitrosation of PDI were not observed in nNOS knock-out mice. These results indicate that nNOS-derived NO may mediate specific pathological events in orexin neurons, including neuropeptide misfolding via S-nitrosation and inactivation of PDI.
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31
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Collapsin response mediator protein 3 deacetylates histone H4 to mediate nuclear condensation and neuronal death. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1350. [PMID: 23443259 PMCID: PMC3583001 DOI: 10.1038/srep01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CRMP proteins play critical regulatory roles during semaphorin-mediated neurite outgrowth, neuronal differentiation and death. Albeit having a high degree of structure and sequence resemblance to that of liver dihydropyrimidinase, purified rodent brain CRMPs do not hydrolyze dihydropyrimidinase substrates. Here we found that mouse CRMP3 has robust histone H4 deacetylase activity. During excitotoxicity-induced mouse neuronal death, calpain-cleaved, N-terminally truncated CRMP3 undergoes nuclear translocation to cause nuclear condensation through deacetylation of histone H4. CRMP3-mediated deacetylation of H4 leads to de-repression of the E2F1 gene transcription and E2F1-dependent neuronal death. These studies revealed a novel mechanism of CRMP3 in neuronal death. Together with previous well established bodies of literature that inhibition of histone deacetylase activity provides neuroprotection, we envisage that inhibition of CRMP3 may represent a novel therapeutic approach towards excitotoxicity-induced neuronal death.
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32
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Hota PK, Buck M. Plexin structures are coming: opportunities for multilevel investigations of semaphorin guidance receptors, their cell signaling mechanisms, and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3765-805. [PMID: 22744749 PMCID: PMC11115013 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plexin transmembrane receptors and their semaphorin ligands, as well as their co-receptors (Neuropilin, Integrin, VEGFR2, ErbB2, and Met kinase) are emerging as key regulatory proteins in a wide variety of developmental, regenerative, but also pathological processes. The diverse arenas of plexin function are surveyed, including roles in the nervous, cardiovascular, bone and skeletal, and immune systems. Such different settings require considerable specificity among the plexin and semaphorin family members which in turn are accompanied by a variety of cell signaling networks. Underlying the latter are the mechanistic details of the interactions and catalytic events at the molecular level. Very recently, dramatic progress has been made in solving the structures of plexins and of their complexes with associated proteins. This molecular level information is now suggesting detailed mechanisms for the function of both the extracellular as well as the intracellular plexin regions. Specifically, several groups have solved structures for extracellular domains for plexin-A2, -B1, and -C1, many in complex with semaphorin ligands. On the intracellular side, the role of small Rho GTPases has been of particular interest. These directly associate with plexin and stimulate a GTPase activating (GAP) function in the plexin catalytic domain to downregulate Ras GTPases. Structures for the Rho GTPase binding domains have been presented for several plexins, some with Rnd1 bound. The entire intracellular domain structure of plexin-A1, -A3, and -B1 have also been solved alone and in complex with Rac1. However, key aspects of the interplay between GTPases and plexins remain far from clear. The structural information is helping the plexin field to focus on key questions at the protein structural, cellular, as well as organism level that collaboratoria of investigations are likely to answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K. Hota
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Matthias Buck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Pekcec A, Yigitkanli K, Jung JE, Pallast S, Xing C, Antipenko A, Minchenko M, Nikolov DB, Holman TR, Lo EH, van Leyen K. Following experimental stroke, the recovering brain is vulnerable to lipoxygenase-dependent semaphorin signaling. FASEB J 2012; 27:437-45. [PMID: 23070608 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-206896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from stroke is limited, in part, by an inhibitory environment in the postischemic brain, but factors preventing successful remodeling are not well known. Using cultured cortical neurons from mice, brain endothelial cells, and a mouse model of ischemic stroke, we show that signaling from the axon guidance molecule Sema3A via eicosanoid second messengers can contribute to this inhibitory environment. Either 90 nM recombinant Sema3A, or the 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) metabolites 12-HETE and 12-HPETE at 300 nM, block axon extension in neurons compared to solvent controls, and decrease tube formation in endothelial cells. The Sema3A effect is reversed by inhibiting 12/15-LOX, and neurons derived from 12/15-LOX-knockout mice are insensitive to Sema3A. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce stroke in mice, immunohistochemistry shows both Sema3A and 12/15-LOX are increased in the cortex up to 2 wk. To determine whether a Sema3A-dependent damage pathway is activated following ischemia, we injected recombinant Sema3A into the striatum. Sema3A alone did not cause injury in normal brains. But when injected into postischemic brains, Sema3A increased cortical damage by 79%, and again, this effect was reversed by 12/15-LOX inhibition. Our findings suggest that blocking the semaphorin pathway should be investigated as a therapeutic strategy to improve stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Pekcec
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Horowitz A, Seerapu HR. Regulation of VEGF signaling by membrane traffic. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1810-20. [PMID: 22617029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have drawn attention to the role of membrane traffic in the signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The significance of this development stems from the pivotal function of VEGF in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The outline of the regulation of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) signaling by membrane traffic is similar to that of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a prototype of the intertwining between membrane traffic and signaling. There are, however, unique features in VEGFR signaling that are conferred in part by the involvement of the co-receptor neuropilin (Nrp). Nrp1 and VEGFR2 are integrated into membrane traffic through the adaptor protein synectin, which recruits myosin VI, a molecular motor that drives inward trafficking [17,21,64]. The recent detection of only mild vascular defects in a knockin mouse model that expresses Nrp1 lacking a cytoplasmic domain [104], questions the co-receptor's role in VEGF signaling and membrane traffic. The regulation of endocytosis by ephrin-B2 is another feature unique to VEGR2/3 [18,19], but it awaits a mechanistic explanation. Current models do not fully explain how membrane traffic bridges between VEGFR and the downstream effectors that produce its functional outcome, such as cell migration. VEGF-A appears to accomplish this task in part by recruiting endocytic vesicles carrying RhoA to internalized active VEGFR2 [58].
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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35
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Whitehead SN, Chan KHN, Gangaraju S, Slinn J, Li J, Hou ST. Imaging mass spectrometry detection of gangliosides species in the mouse brain following transient focal cerebral ischemia and long-term recovery. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20808. [PMID: 21687673 PMCID: PMC3110773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides, a member of the glycosphingolipid family, are heterogeneously expressed in biological membranes and are particularly enriched within the central nervous system. Gangliosides consist of mono- or poly-sialylated oligosaccharide chains of variable lengths attached to a ceramide unit and are found to be intimately involved in brain disease development. The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial profile of ganglioside species using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging (IMS) following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) reperfusion injury in the mouse. IMS is a powerful method to not only discriminate gangliosides by their oligosaccharide components, but also by their carbon length within their sphingosine base. Mice were subjected to a 30 min unilateral MCAO followed by long-term survival (up to 28 days of reperfusion). Brain sections were sprayed with the matrix 5-Chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, scanned and analyzed for a series of ganglioside molecules using an Applied Biosystems 4800 MALDI TOF/TOF. Traditional histological and immunofluorescence techniques were performed to assess brain tissue damage and verification of the expression of gangliosides of interest. Results revealed a unique anatomical profile of GM1, GD1 and GT1b (d18∶1, d20∶1 as well as other members of the glycosphingolipid family). There was marked variability in the ratio of expression between ipsilateral and contralateral cortices for the various detected ganglioside species following MCAO-reperfusion injury. Most interestingly, MCAO resulted in the transient induction of both GM2 and GM3 signals within the ipsilateral hemisphere; at the border of the infarcted tissue. Taken together, the data suggest that brain region specific expression of gangliosides, particularly with respect to hydrocarbon length, may play a role in neuronal responses to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N. Whitehead
- Experimental NeuroTherapeutics Laboratory, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (SNW); (STH)
| | - Kenneth H. N. Chan
- Mass Spectrometry Glycoanalysis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandhya Gangaraju
- Experimental NeuroTherapeutics Laboratory, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Slinn
- Experimental NeuroTherapeutics Laboratory, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianjun Li
- Mass Spectrometry Glycoanalysis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheng T. Hou
- Experimental NeuroTherapeutics Laboratory, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (SNW); (STH)
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Transient and bilateral increase in Neuropilin-1, Fer kinase and collapsin response mediator proteins within membrane rafts following unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in mouse. Brain Res 2010; 1344:209-16. [PMID: 20493826 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Membrane rafts, rich in sphingolipids and cholesterol, are membrane microdomains important in neuronal domain-specific signaling events such as during axonal outgrowth and neuronal death. The present study seeks to determine the spatiotemporal association of several axonal guidance signaling molecules with membrane rafts. These molecules are Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), Fer Kinase, and collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs), which are known to have important functions in axonal outgrowth and neuronal death caused by cerebral ischemia. Mice were subjected to sham or a 1h unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by a time course of reperfusion up to 24h. Brain cortices were separated and membrane rafts were extracted based on their insolubility in Triton X-100 and separation by sucrose gradient fractionation. We demonstrate the early and transient induction of NRP-1 and CRMP-2 in membrane rafts in both ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, in contrast to an early, but sustained elevation of Fer kinase and other CRMPs (1, 3, 4, 5) in response to unilateral MCAO. The fact that NRP1/Fer kinase/CRMP-2 co-localize in membrane rafts early during ischemic injury suggests that the membrane rafts may form a scaffold to support and initiate NRP1/Fer/CRMP-2-mediated signal transduction in neuronal damage response during ischemia-reperfusion. Further understanding of the time-specific and membrane domain-specific protein-protein interaction may lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for stroke.
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