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Yumura S. Wound Repair of the Cell Membrane: Lessons from Dictyostelium Cells. Cells 2024; 13:341. [PMID: 38391954 PMCID: PMC10886852 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane is frequently subjected to damage, either through physical or chemical means. The swift restoration of the cell membrane's integrity is crucial to prevent the leakage of intracellular materials and the uncontrolled influx of extracellular ions. Consequently, wound repair plays a vital role in cell survival, akin to the importance of DNA repair. The mechanisms involved in wound repair encompass a series of events, including ion influx, membrane patch formation, endocytosis, exocytosis, recruitment of the actin cytoskeleton, and the elimination of damaged membrane sections. Despite the absence of a universally accepted general model, diverse molecular models have been proposed for wound repair in different organisms. Traditional wound methods not only damage the cell membrane but also impact intracellular structures, including the underlying cortical actin networks, microtubules, and organelles. In contrast, the more recent improved laserporation selectively targets the cell membrane. Studies on Dictyostelium cells utilizing this method have introduced a novel perspective on the wound repair mechanism. This review commences by detailing methods for inducing wounds and subsequently reviews recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Yumura
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
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2
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Ricardi MM, Wallmeroth N, Cermesoni C, Mehlhorn DG, Richter S, Zhang L, Mittendorf J, Godehardt I, Berendzen KW, von Roepenack-Lahaye E, Stierhof YD, Lipka V, Jürgens G, Grefen C. A tyrosine phospho-switch within the Longin domain of VAMP721 modulates SNARE functionality. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1633-1651. [PMID: 37659090 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The final step in secretion is membrane fusion facilitated by SNARE proteins that reside in opposite membranes. The formation of a trans-SNARE complex between one R and three Q coiled-coiled SNARE domains drives the final approach of the membranes providing the mechanical energy for fusion. Biological control of this mechanism is exerted by additional domains within some SNAREs. For example, the N-terminal Longin domain (LD) of R-SNAREs (also called Vesicle-associated membrane proteins, VAMPs) can fold back onto the SNARE domain blocking interaction with other cognate SNAREs. The LD may also determine the subcellular localization via interaction with other trafficking-related proteins. Here, we provide cell-biological and genetic evidence that phosphorylation of the Tyrosine57 residue regulates the functionality of VAMP721. We found that an aspartate mutation mimics phosphorylation, leading to protein instability and subsequent degradation in lytic vacuoles. The mutant SNARE also fails to rescue the defects of vamp721vamp722 loss-of-function lines in spite of its wildtype-like localization within the secretory pathway and the ability to interact with cognate SNARE partners. Most importantly, it imposes a dominant negative phenotype interfering with root growth, normal secretion and cytokinesis in wildtype plants generating large aggregates that mainly contain secretory vesicles. Non-phosphorylatable VAMP721Y57F needs higher gene dosage to rescue double mutants in comparison to native VAMP721 underpinning that phosphorylation modulates SNARE function. We propose a model where short-lived phosphorylation of Y57 serves as a regulatory step to control VAMP721 activity, favoring its open state and interaction with cognate partners to ultimately drive membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martiniano Maria Ricardi
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Niklas Wallmeroth
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Developmental Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Cermesoni
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Sandra Richter
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Developmental Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Central Facilities, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Josephine Mittendorf
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Godehardt
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Volker Lipka
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Jürgens
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Developmental Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Grefen
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
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3
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Qian T, Li C, Liu F, Xu K, Wan C, Liu Y, Yu H. Arabidopsis synaptotagmin 1 mediates lipid transport in a lipid composition-dependent manner. Traffic 2022; 23:346-356. [PMID: 35451158 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - plasma membrane (PM) contact sites (EPCSs) are structurally conserved in eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis ER-anchored synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1), enriched in EPCSs, plays a critical role in plant abiotic stress tolerance. It has become clear that SYT1 interacts with PM to mediate ER-PM connectivity. However, whether SYT1 performs additional functions at EPCSs remains unknown. Here, we reported that SYT1 efficiently transfers phospholipids between membranes. The lipid transfer activity of SYT1 is highly dependent on PI(4,5)P2 , a signal lipid accumulated at the PM under abiotic stress. Mechanically, while SYT1 transfers lipids fundamentally through the synaptotagmin-like mitochondrial-lipid-binding protein (SMP) domain, the efficient lipid transport requires the C2A domain-mediated membrane tethering. Interestingly, we observed that Ca2+ could stimulate SYT1-mediated lipid transport. In addition to PI(4,5)P2 , the Ca2+ activation requires the phosphatidylserine, another negatively charged lipid on the opposed membrane. Together, our studies identified Arabidopsis SYT1 as a lipid transfer protein at EPCSs and demonstrated it takes conserved as well as divergent mechanisms with other extend-synaptotagmins. The critical role of lipid composition and Ca2+ reveals SYT1-mediated lipid transport is highly regulated by signals in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Zhang Q, Wu L, Yin H, Xu Z, Zhao Y, Gao M, Wu H, Chen Y, Wang Y. D6 protein kinase in root xylem benefiting resistance to Fusarium reveals infection and defense mechanisms in tung trees. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:240. [PMID: 34719680 PMCID: PMC8558330 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum, a global soil-borne pathogen, causes severe disease in various cultivated plants. The mechanism underlying infection and resistance remains largely elusive. Vernicia fordii, known as the tung tree, suffers from disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. fordiis (Fof-1), while its sister species V. montana displays high resistance to Fof-1. To investigate the process of infection and resistance ability, we demonstrated that Fof-1 can penetrate the epidermis of root hairs and then centripetally invade the cortex and phloem in both species. Furthermore, Fof-1 spread upwards through the root xylem in susceptible V. fordii trees, whereas it failed to infect the root xylem in resistant V. montana trees. We found that D6 PROTEIN KINASE LIKE 2 (VmD6PKL2) was specifically expressed in the lateral root xylem and was induced after Fof-1 infection in resistant trees. Transgenic analysis in Arabidopsis and tomato revealed that VmD6PKL2 significantly enhanced resistance in both species, whereas the d6pkl2 mutant displayed reduced resistance against Fof-1. Additionally, VmD6PKL2 was identified to interact directly with synaptotagmin (VmSYT3), which is specifically expressed in the root xylem and mediates the negative regulation responding to Fof-1. Our data suggested that VmD6PKL2 could act as a resistance gene against Fof-1 through suppression of VmSYT3-mediated negative regulation in the lateral root xylem of the resistant species. These findings provide novel insight into Fusarium wilt resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hengfu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zilong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yangdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, Zhejiang Province, China.
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5
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Kim S, Kim H, Park K, Cho DJ, Kim MK, Kwon C, Yun HS. Synaptotagmin 5 Controls SYP132-VAMP721/722 Interaction for Arabidopsis Immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. Mol Cells 2021; 44:670-679. [PMID: 34504049 PMCID: PMC8490205 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicle-associated membrane proteins 721 and 722 (VAMP721/722) are secretory vesicle-localized arginine-conserved soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (R-SNAREs) to drive exocytosis in plants. They are involved in diverse physiological processes in plants by interacting with distinct plasma membrane (PM) syntaxins. Here, we show that synaptotagmin 5 (SYT5) is involved in plant defense against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 by regulating SYP132-VAMP721/722 interactions. Calcium-dependent stimulation of in vitro SYP132-VAMP722 interaction by SYT5 and reduced in vivo SYP132-VAMP721/722 interaction in syt5 plants suggest that SYT5 regulates the interaction between SYP132 and VAMP721/722. We interestingly found that disease resistance to Pst DC3000 bacterium but not to Erysiphe pisi fungus is compromised in syt5 plants. Since SYP132 plays an immune function to bacteria, elevated growth of surface-inoculated Pst DC3000 in VAMP721/722-deficient plants suggests that SYT5 contributes to plant immunity to Pst DC3000 by promoting the SYP132-VAMP721/722 immune secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Keunchun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Da Jeong Cho
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Chian Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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6
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Membrane Profiling by Free Flow Electrophoresis and SWATH-MS to Characterize Subcellular Compartment Proteomes in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095020. [PMID: 34065142 PMCID: PMC8126025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of subcellular membrane structure and function facilitates investigations into how biological processes are divided within the cell. However, work in this area has been hampered by the limited techniques available to fractionate the different membranes. Free Flow Electrophoresis (FFE) allows for the fractionation of membranes based on their different surface charges, a property made up primarily of their varied lipid and protein compositions. In this study, high-resolution plant membrane fractionation by FFE, combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomics, allowed the simultaneous profiling of multiple cellular membranes from the leaf tissue of the plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Comparisons of the fractionated membranes’ protein profile to that of known markers for specific cellular compartments sheds light on the functions of proteins, as well as provides new evidence for multiple subcellular localization of several proteins, including those involved in lipid metabolism.
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7
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Rosado A, Bayer EM. Geometry and cellular function of organelle membrane interfaces. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:650-662. [PMID: 33793898 PMCID: PMC8133572 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A vast majority of cellular processes take root at the surface of biological membranes. By providing a two-dimensional platform with limited diffusion, membranes are, by nature, perfect devices to concentrate signaling and metabolic components. As such, membranes often act as "key processors" of cellular information. Biological membranes are highly dynamic and deformable and can be shaped into curved, tubular, or flat conformations, resulting in differentiated biophysical properties. At membrane contact sites, membranes from adjacent organelles come together into a unique 3D configuration, forming functionally distinct microdomains, which facilitate spatially regulated functions, such as organelle communication. Here, we describe the diversity of geometries of contact site-forming membranes in different eukaryotic organisms and explore the emerging notion that their shape, 3D architecture, and remodeling jointly define their cellular activity. The review also provides selected examples highlighting changes in membrane contact site architecture acting as rapid and local responses to cellular perturbations, and summarizes our current understanding of how those structural changes confer functional specificity to those cellular territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Author for communication:
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8
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Li C, Qian T, He R, Wan C, Liu Y, Yu H. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites: Regulators, Mechanisms, and Physiological Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627700. [PMID: 33614657 PMCID: PMC7889955 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms direct membrane contact sites with the plasma membrane (PM) in eukaryotic cells. These ER-PM contact sites play essential roles in lipid homeostasis, ion dynamics, and cell signaling, which are carried out by protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. Distinct tethering factors dynamically control the architecture of ER-PM junctions in response to intracellular signals or external stimuli. The physiological roles of ER-PM contact sites are dependent on a variety of regulators that individually or cooperatively perform functions in diverse cellular processes. This review focuses on proteins functioning at ER-PM contact sites and highlights the recent progress in their mechanisms and physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Endosidin 2 accelerates PIN2 endocytosis and disturbs intracellular trafficking of PIN2, PIN3, and PIN4 but not of SYT1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237448. [PMID: 32790800 PMCID: PMC7425933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We established that Endosidin2 (ES2) affected the trafficking routes of both newly synthesized and endocytic pools of PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) in Arabidopsis root epidermal cells. PIN2 populations accumulated in separated patches, which gradually merged into large and compact ES2 aggregates (ES2As). FM4-64 endocytic tracer labeled ES2As as well. Both PIN2 pools also appeared in vacuoles. Accelerated endocytosis of PIN2, its aggregation in the cytoplasm, and redirection of PIN2 flows to vacuoles led to a substantial reduction of the abundance of this protein in the plasma membrane. Whereas PIN-FORMED3 and PIN-FORMED4 also aggregated in the cytoplasm, SYT1 was not sensitive to ES2 treatment and did not appear either in the cytoplasmic aggregates or vacuoles. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that ES2 affects the Golgi apparatus so that stacks acquired cup-shape and even circular shape surrounded by several vesicles. Abnormally shaped Golgi stacks, stack remnants, multi-lamellar structures, separated Golgi cisterna rings, tubular structures, and vesicles formed discrete clusters.
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Zaman MF, Nenadic A, Radojičić A, Rosado A, Beh CT. Sticking With It: ER-PM Membrane Contact Sites as a Coordinating Nexus for Regulating Lipids and Proteins at the Cell Cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:675. [PMID: 32793605 PMCID: PMC7387695 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites between the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM) provide a direct conduit for small molecule transfer and signaling between the two largest membranes of the cell. Contact is established through ER integral membrane proteins that physically tether the two membranes together, though the general mechanism is remarkably non-specific given the diversity of different tethering proteins. Primary tethers including VAMP-associated proteins (VAPs), Anoctamin/TMEM16/Ist2p homologs, and extended synaptotagmins (E-Syts), are largely conserved in most eukaryotes and are both necessary and sufficient for establishing ER-PM association. In addition, other species-specific ER-PM tether proteins impart unique functional attributes to both membranes at the cell cortex. This review distils recent functional and structural findings about conserved and species-specific tethers that form ER-PM contact sites, with an emphasis on their roles in the coordinate regulation of lipid metabolism, cellular structure, and responses to membrane stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad F Zaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Aleksa Nenadic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ana Radojičić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T Beh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.,The Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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11
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Lee E, Santana BVN, Samuels E, Benitez-Fuente F, Corsi E, Botella MA, Perez-Sancho J, Vanneste S, Friml J, Macho A, Azevedo AA, Rosado A. Rare earth elements induce cytoskeleton-dependent and PI4P-associated rearrangement of SYT1/SYT5 endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact site complexes in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3986-3998. [PMID: 32179893 PMCID: PMC7337092 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, environmental stressors promote changes in connectivity between the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM). Although this process is tightly regulated in space and time, the molecular signals and structural components mediating these changes in interorganelle communication are only starting to be characterized. In this report, we confirm the presence of a putative tethering complex containing the synaptotagmins 1 and 5 (SYT1 and SYT5) and the Ca2+- and lipid-binding protein 1 (CLB1/SYT7). This complex is enriched at ER-PM contact sites (EPCSs), has slow responses to changes in extracellular Ca2+, and displays severe cytoskeleton-dependent rearrangements in response to the trivalent lanthanum (La3+) and gadolinium (Gd3+) rare earth elements (REEs). Although REEs are generally used as non-selective cation channel blockers at the PM, here we show that the slow internalization of REEs into the cytosol underlies the activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin intracellular signaling, the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) at the PM, and the cytoskeleton-dependent rearrangement of the SYT1/SYT5 EPCS complexes. We propose that the observed EPCS rearrangements act as a slow adaptive response to sustained stress conditions, and that this process involves the accumulation of stress-specific phosphoinositide species at the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunKyoung Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brenda Vila Nova Santana
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Erica Corsi
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jessica Perez-Sancho
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alberto Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aristea Alves Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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Tao K, Waletich JR, Arredondo F, Tyler BM. Manipulating Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Tethering in Plants Through Fluorescent Protein Complementation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:635. [PMID: 31191568 PMCID: PMC6547045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay has been widely used to examine interactions between integral and peripheral proteins within putative plasma membrane (PM) microdomains. In the course of using BiFC assays to examine the co-localization of plasma membrane (PM) targeted receptor-like kinases (RLKs), such as FLS2, with PM micro-domain proteins such as remorins, we unexpectedly observed heterogeneous distribution patterns of fluorescence on the PM of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cortical cells. These patterns appeared to co-localize with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and with ER-PM contact sites, and closely resembled patterns caused by over-expression of the ER-PM tether protein Synaptotagmin1 (SYT1). Using domain swap experiments with SYT1, we inferred that non-specific dimerization between FLS2-VenusN and VenusC-StRem1.3 could create artificial ER-PM tether proteins analogous to SYT1. The same patterns of ER-PM tethering were produced when a representative set of integral membrane proteins were partnered in BiFC complexes with PM-targeted peripheral membrane proteins, including PtdIns(4)P-binding proteins. We inferred that spontaneous formation of mature fluorescent proteins caused the BiFC complexes to trap the integral membrane proteins in the ER during delivery to the PM, producing a PM-ER tether. This phenomenon could be a useful tool to deliberately manipulate ER-PM tethering or to test protein membrane localization. However, this study also highlights the risk of using the BiFC assay to study membrane protein interactions in plants, due to the possibility of alterations in cellular structures and membrane organization, or misinterpretation of protein-protein interactions. A number of published studies using this approach may therefore need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Justin R. Waletich
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Felipe Arredondo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brett M. Tyler
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Baluška F, Mancuso S. Actin Cytoskeleton and Action Potentials: Forgotten Connections. THE CYTOSKELETON 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33528-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Tao K, Waletich JR, Wise H, Arredondo F, Tyler BM. Tethering of Multi-Vesicular Bodies and the Tonoplast to the Plasma Membrane in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 31396242 PMCID: PMC6662526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tethering of the plasma membrane (PM) and many organelles to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for communication and lipid exchange has been widely reported. However, despite growing interest in multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) as possible sources of exosomes, tethering of MVBs to the PM has not been reported. Here we show that MVBs and the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) could be tethered to the PM (PM-MVB/TP tethering) by artificial protein fusions or bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) complexes that contain a peripheral membrane protein that binds the PM and also a protein that binds MVBs or the tonoplast. PM-binding proteins capable of participating in PM-MVB/TP tethering included StRem1.3, BIK1, PBS1, CPK21, and the PtdIns(4)-binding proteins FAPP1 and Osh2. MVB/TP-binding proteins capable of participating in tethering included ARA6, ARA7, RHA1, RABG3f, and the PtdIns(3)P-binding proteins Vam7p and Hrs-2xFYVE. BiFC complexes or protein fusions capable of producing PM-MVB/TP tethering were visualized as large well-defined patches of fluorescence on the PM that could displace PM proteins such as AtFlotillin1 and also could displace cytoplasmic proteins such as soluble GFP. Furthermore, we identified paralogous ubiquitin E3 ligase proteins, SAUL1 (AtPUB44), and AtPUB43 that could produce PM-MVB/TP tethering. SAUL1 and AtPUB43 could produce tethering in uninfected tissue when paired with MVB-binding proteins or when their E3 ligase domain was deleted. When Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue was infected with Phytophthora capsici, full length SAUL1 and AtPUB43 localized in membrane patches consistent with PM-MVB/TP tethering. Our findings define new tools for studying PM-MVB/TP tethering and its possible role in plant defense. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although not previously observed, the tethering of multi-vesicular bodies to the plasma membrane is of interest due to the potential role of this process in producing exosomes in plants. Here we describe tools for observing and manipulating the tethering of multi-vesicular bodies and the tonoplast to the plant plasma membrane, and describe two plant proteins that may naturally regulate this process during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Justin R. Waletich
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Hua Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Felipe Arredondo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brett M. Tyler
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Brett M. Tyler
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Huang R, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang Y, Han S, Zhao H. Genome-wide analysis and expression profiles of NTMC2 family genes in Oryza sativa. Gene 2017; 637:130-137. [PMID: 28947303 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
N-terminal-TM-C2 domain proteins (NTMC2), which share domain architecture and sequence similarity to synaptotagmins (Syts) in mammals and FAM62 (extended Syts) in metazoans, form a small gene family in plants. Previous studies showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana NTMC2 type 1.1 protein (NTMC2T1.1, named AtSyt1) possesses calcium- and membrane-binding activities that allow it to function in a plasma membrane repair pathway induced by stress. However, we lack understanding of the diverse biological roles of plant NTMC2 family genes. In this study, a total of 13 OsNTMC2 genes was identified through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome and classified into six OsNTMC2 groups (OsNTMC2T1 to OsNTMC2T6) based on phylogeny and motif constitution. OsNTMC2T1 to OsNTMC2T3 have two calcium-binding domains (C2A and C2B), but OsNTMC2T4 to OsNTMC2T6 have single C2 domain. The expression profiles of OsNTMC2 genes were analysed at different stages of vegetative and reproductive development. This analysis revealed that at least one OsNTMC2 gene was abundantly expressed at each stage of development. These results should facilitate research on this gene family and provide new insights elucidating their functions in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingdian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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16
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Pitzalis N, Heinlein M. The roles of membranes and associated cytoskeleton in plant virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 69:117-132. [PMID: 29036578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The infection of plants by viruses depends on cellular mechanisms that support the replication of the viral genomes, and the cell-to-cell and systemic movement of the virus via plasmodesmata (PD) and the connected phloem. While the propagation of some viruses requires the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, others replicate and spread between cells in association with the ER and are independent of this pathway. Using selected viruses as examples, this review re-examines the involvement of membranes and the cytoskeleton during virus infection and proposes potential roles of class VIII myosins and membrane-tethering proteins in controlling viral functions at specific ER subdomains, such as cortical microtubule-associated ER sites, ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and PD.
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17
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Wong LH, Levine TP. Tubular lipid binding proteins (TULIPs) growing everywhere. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1439-1449. [PMID: 28554774 PMCID: PMC5507252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tubular lipid binding proteins (TULIPs) have become a focus of interest in the cell biology of lipid signalling, lipid traffic and membrane contact sites. Each tubular domain has an internal pocket with a hydrophobic lining that can bind a hydrophobic molecule such as a lipid. This allows TULIP proteins to carry lipids through the aqueous phase. TULIP domains were first found in a large family of extracellular proteins related to the bacterial permeability-inducing protein (BPI) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP). Since then, the same fold and lipid transfer capacity have been found in SMP domains (so-called for their occurrence in synaptotagmin, mitochondrial and lipid binding proteins), which localise to intracellular membrane contact sites. Here the methods for identifying known TULIPs are described, and used to find previously unreported TULIPs, one in the silk polymer and another in prokaryotes illustrated by the E. coli protein YceB. The bacterial TULIP alters views on the likely evolution of the domain, suggesting its presence in the last universal common ancestor. The major function of TULIPs is to handle lipids, but we still do not know how they work in detail, or how many more remain to be discovered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Contact Sites edited by Christian Ungermann and Benoit Kornmann. Proteins with the tubular lipid binding fold exist in a wider variety than is usually appreciated. TULIPs are found in prokaryotes, altering views on their evolution. It is not yet known whether TULIPs transfer lipids as tunnels or as shuttles. Tests have not yet been done to say if TULIPs with SMP domains (for example E-syts and ERMES components) tether contact sites. It is likely that more TULIPs remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H Wong
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Tim P Levine
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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18
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Gavrin A, Kulikova O, Bisseling T, Fedorova EE. Interface Symbiotic Membrane Formation in Root Nodules of Medicago truncatula: the Role of Synaptotagmins MtSyt1, MtSyt2 and MtSyt3. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:201. [PMID: 28265280 PMCID: PMC5316549 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) are maintained and conditioned to fix atmospheric nitrogen in infected cells of legume root nodules. Rhizobia are confined to the asymmetrical protrusions of plasma membrane (PM): infection threads (IT), cell wall-free unwalled droplets and symbiosomes. These compartments rapidly increase in surface and volume due to the microsymbiont expansion, and remarkably, the membrane resources of the host cells are targeted to interface membrane quite precisely. We hypothesized that the change in the membrane tension around the expanding microsymbionts creates a vector for membrane traffic toward the symbiotic interface. To test this hypothesis, we selected calcium sensors from the group of synaptotagmins: MtSyt1, Medicago truncatula homolog of AtSYT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana known to be involved in membrane repair, and two other homologs expressed in root nodules: MtSyt2 and MtSyt3. Here we show that MtSyt1, MtSyt2, and MtSyt3 are expressed in the expanding cells of the meristem, zone of infection and proximal cell layers of zone of nitrogen fixation (MtSyt1, MtSyt3). All three GFP-tagged proteins delineate the interface membrane of IT and unwalled droplets and create a subcompartments of PM surrounding these structures. The localization of MtSyt1 by EM immunogold labeling has shown the signal on symbiosome membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To specify the role of synaptotagmins in interface membrane formation, we compared the localization of MtSyt1, MtSyt3 and exocyst subunit EXO70i, involved in the tethering of post-Golgi secretory vesicles and operational in tip growth. The localization of EXO70i in root nodules and arbusculated roots was strictly associated with the tips of IT and the tips of arbuscular fine branches, but the distribution of synaptotagmins on membrane subcompartments was broader and includes lateral parts of IT, the membrane of unwalled droplets as well as the symbiosomes. The double silencing of synaptotagmins caused a delay in rhizobia release and blocks symbiosome maturation confirming the functional role of synaptotagmins. IN CONCLUSION synaptotagmin-dependent membrane fusion along with tip-targeted exocytosis is operational in the formation of symbiotic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Gavrin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Olga Kulikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elena E. Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
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19
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Siao W, Wang P, Voigt B, Hussey PJ, Baluska F. Arabidopsis SYT1 maintains stability of cortical endoplasmic reticulum networks and VAP27-1-enriched endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6161-6171. [PMID: 27811083 PMCID: PMC5100027 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) is localized on the endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane (ER-PM) contact sites in leaf and root cells. The ER-PM localization of Arabidopsis SYT1 resembles that of the extended synaptotagmins (E-SYTs) in animal cells. In mammals, E-SYTs have been shown to regulate calcium signaling, lipid transfer, and endocytosis. Arabidopsis SYT1 was reported to be essential for maintaining cell integrity and virus movement. This study provides detailed insight into the subcellular localization of SYT1 and VAP27-1, another ER-PM-tethering protein. SYT1 and VAP27-1 were shown to be localized on distinct ER-PM contact sites. The VAP27-1-enriched ER-PM contact sites (V-EPCSs) were always in contact with the SYT1-enriched ER-PM contact sites (S-EPCSs). The V-EPCSs still existed in the leaf epidermal cells of the SYT1 null mutant; however, they were less stable than those in the wild type. The polygonal networks of cortical ER disassembled and the mobility of VAP27-1 protein on the ER-PM contact sites increased in leaf cells of the SYT1 null mutant. These results suggest that SYT1 is responsible for stabilizing the ER network and V-EPCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Siao
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Boris Voigt
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Frantisek Baluska
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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20
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Dalal J, Lewis DR, Tietz O, Brown EM, Brown CS, Palme K, Muday GK, Sederoff HW. ROSY1, a novel regulator of gravitropic response is a stigmasterol binding protein. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 196-197:28-40. [PMID: 27044028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The gravitropic bending in plant roots is caused by asymmetric cell elongation. This requires an asymmetric increase in cell surface and therefore plasma membrane components such as lipids, sterols, and membrane proteins. We have identified an early gravity-regulated protein in Arabidopsis thaliana root apices that binds stigmasterol and phosphoethanolamines. This root-specific protein interacts with the membrane transport protein synaptotagmin-1 and was therefore named InteractoR Of SYnaptotagmin1 (ROSY1). While interactions between ML-domain proteins with membrane transport proteins and their impact have been reported from animal cell systems, this is the first report of such an interaction in a plant system. Homozygous mutants of ROSY1 exhibit decreased basipetal auxin transport, a faster root gravitropic response, and an increase in salt stress tolerance. Our results suggest that ROSY1 plays a role in root gravitropism, possibly by facilitating membrane trafficking and asymmetric cell elongation via its interaction with synaptotagmin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dalal
- Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, United States
| | - Daniel R Lewis
- Dept. of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States
| | | | - Erica M Brown
- Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, United States
| | - Christopher S Brown
- Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, United States
| | | | - Gloria K Muday
- Dept. of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States
| | - Heike W Sederoff
- Dept. of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, United States.
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21
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Tilsner J, Nicolas W, Rosado A, Bayer EM. Staying Tight: Plasmodesmal Membrane Contact Sites and the Control of Cell-to-Cell Connectivity in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:337-64. [PMID: 26905652 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multicellularity differs in plants and animals in that the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and endomembrane of plants are connected between cells through plasmodesmal pores. Plasmodesmata (PDs) are essential for plant life and serve as conduits for the transport of proteins, small RNAs, hormones, and metabolites during developmental and defense signaling. They are also the only pathways available for viruses to spread within plant hosts. The membrane organization of PDs is unique, characterized by the close apposition of the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane and spoke-like filamentous structures linking the two membranes, which define PDs as membrane contact sites (MCSs). This specialized membrane arrangement is likely critical for PD function. Here, we review how PDs govern developmental and defensive signaling in plants, compare them with other types of MCSs, and discuss in detail the potential functional significance of the MCS nature of PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Tilsner
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom;
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - William Nicolas
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France; ,
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR5200 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France; ,
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22
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SGT1 is required in PcINF1/SRC2-1 induced pepper defense response by interacting with SRC2-1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21651. [PMID: 26898479 PMCID: PMC4761932 DOI: 10.1038/srep21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PcINF1 was previously found to induce pepper defense response by interacting with SRC2-1, but the underlying mechanism remains uninvestigated. Herein, we describe the involvement of SGT1 in the PcINF1/SRC2-1-induced immunity. SGT1 was observed to be up-regulated by Phytophthora capsici inoculation and synergistically transient overexpression of PcINF1/SRC2-1 in pepper plants. SGT1-silencing compromised HR cell death, blocked H2O2 accumulation, and downregulated HR-associated and hormones-dependent marker genes’ expression triggered by PcINF1/SRC2-1 co-overexpression. The interaction between SRC2-1 and SGT1 was found by the yeast two hybrid system and was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. The SGT1/SRC2-1 interaction was enhanced by transient overexpression of PcINF1 and Phytophthora capsici inoculation, and SGT1-silencing attenuated PcINF1/SRC2-1 interaction. Additionally, by modulating subcellular localizations of SRC2-1, SGT1, and the interacting complex of SGT1/SRC2-1, it was revealed that exclusive nuclear targeting of the SGT1/SRC2-1 complex blocks immunity triggered by formation of SGT1/SRC2-1, and a translocation of the SGT1/SRC2-1 complex from the plasma membrane and cytoplasm to the nuclei upon the inoculation of P. capsici. Our data demonstrate that the SGT1/SRC2-1 interaction, and its nucleocytoplasmic partitioning, is involved in pepper’s immunity against P. capsici, thus providing a molecular link between Ca2+ signaling associated SRC2-1 and SGT1-mediated defense signaling.
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23
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Wang H, Han S, Siao W, Song C, Xiang Y, Wu X, Cheng P, Li H, Jásik J, Mičieta K, Turňa J, Voigt B, Baluška F, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao H. Arabidopsis Synaptotagmin 2 Participates in Pollen Germination and Tube Growth and Is Delivered to Plasma Membrane via Conventional Secretion. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1737-50. [PMID: 26384245 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis synaptotagmin 2 (SYT2) has been reported to participate in an unconventional secretory pathway in somatic cells. Our results showed that SYT2 was expressed mainly in the pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. The pollen of syt2 T-DNA and RNA interference mutant lines exhibited reduced total germination and impeded pollen tube growth. Analysis of the expression of SYT2-GFP fusion protein in the pollen tube indicates that SYT2 was localized to distinct, patchy compartments but could co-localize with the Golgi markers, BODIPY TR C5 ceramide and GmMan1-mCherry. However, SYT2-DsRed-E5 was localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis suspension cells, in addition to the Golgi apparatus. The localization of SYT2 at the plasma membrane was further supported by immunofluorescence staining in pollen tubes. Moreover, brefeldin A treatment inhibited the transport of SYT2 to the plasma membrane and caused SYT2 to aggregate and form enlarged compartments. Truncation of the SYT2-C2AB domains also resulted in retention of SYT2 in the Golgi apparatus. An in vitro phospholipid-binding assay showed that SYT2-C2AB domains bind to the phospholipid membrane in a calcium-dependent manner. Take together, our results indicated that SYT2 was required for pollen germination and pollen tube growth, and was involved in conventional exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Siao
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Chunqing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengyu Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ján Jásik
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University, Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Karol Mičieta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02 Bratislava 1, Slovakia
| | - Ján Turňa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mlynská dolina, pavilion B-2, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Boris Voigt
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingdian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Kriechbaumer V, Botchway SW, Slade SE, Knox K, Frigerio L, Oparka K, Hawes C. Reticulomics: Protein-Protein Interaction Studies with Two Plasmodesmata-Localized Reticulon Family Proteins Identify Binding Partners Enriched at Plasmodesmata, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and the Plasma Membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:1933-45. [PMID: 26353761 PMCID: PMC4634090 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a ubiquitous organelle that plays roles in secretory protein production, folding, quality control, and lipid biosynthesis. The cortical ER in plants is pleomorphic and structured as a tubular network capable of morphing into flat cisternae, mainly at three-way junctions, and back to tubules. Plant reticulon family proteins (RTNLB) tubulate the ER by dimerization and oligomerization, creating localized ER membrane tensions that result in membrane curvature. Some RTNLB ER-shaping proteins are present in the plasmodesmata (PD) proteome and may contribute to the formation of the desmotubule, the axial ER-derived structure that traverses primary PD. Here, we investigate the binding partners of two PD-resident reticulon proteins, RTNLB3 and RTNLB6, that are located in primary PD at cytokinesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Coimmunoprecipitation of green fluorescent protein-tagged RTNLB3 and RTNLB6 followed by mass spectrometry detected a high percentage of known PD-localized proteins as well as plasma membrane proteins with putative membrane-anchoring roles. Förster resonance energy transfer by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy assays revealed a highly significant interaction of the detected PD proteins with the bait RTNLB proteins. Our data suggest that RTNLB proteins, in addition to a role in ER modeling, may play important roles in linking the cortical ER to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kriechbaumer
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (V.K., C.H.);Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom (S.W.B.);Warwickshire Private Hospital (WPH) Proteomics Facility Research Technology Platform (S.E.S.) and School of Life Sciences (S.E.S., L.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; andInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (K.K., K.O.)
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (V.K., C.H.);Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom (S.W.B.);Warwickshire Private Hospital (WPH) Proteomics Facility Research Technology Platform (S.E.S.) and School of Life Sciences (S.E.S., L.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; andInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (K.K., K.O.)
| | - Susan E Slade
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (V.K., C.H.);Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom (S.W.B.);Warwickshire Private Hospital (WPH) Proteomics Facility Research Technology Platform (S.E.S.) and School of Life Sciences (S.E.S., L.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; andInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (K.K., K.O.)
| | - Kirsten Knox
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (V.K., C.H.);Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom (S.W.B.);Warwickshire Private Hospital (WPH) Proteomics Facility Research Technology Platform (S.E.S.) and School of Life Sciences (S.E.S., L.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; andInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (K.K., K.O.)
| | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (V.K., C.H.);Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom (S.W.B.);Warwickshire Private Hospital (WPH) Proteomics Facility Research Technology Platform (S.E.S.) and School of Life Sciences (S.E.S., L.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; andInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (K.K., K.O.)
| | - Karl Oparka
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (V.K., C.H.);Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom (S.W.B.);Warwickshire Private Hospital (WPH) Proteomics Facility Research Technology Platform (S.E.S.) and School of Life Sciences (S.E.S., L.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; andInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (K.K., K.O.)
| | - Chris Hawes
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom (V.K., C.H.);Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom (S.W.B.);Warwickshire Private Hospital (WPH) Proteomics Facility Research Technology Platform (S.E.S.) and School of Life Sciences (S.E.S., L.F.), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; andInstitute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom (K.K., K.O.)
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Deng S, Sun J, Zhao R, Ding M, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang W, Tan Y, Liu D, Ma X, Hou P, Wang M, Lu C, Shen X, Chen S. Populus euphratica APYRASE2 Enhances Cold Tolerance by Modulating Vesicular Trafficking and Extracellular ATP in Arabidopsis Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:530-548. [PMID: 26224801 PMCID: PMC4577398 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Apyrase and extracellular ATP play crucial roles in mediating plant growth and defense responses. In the cold-tolerant poplar, Populus euphratica, low temperatures up-regulate APYRASE2 (PeAPY2) expression in callus cells. We investigated the biochemical characteristics of PeAPY2 and its role in cold tolerance. We found that PeAPY2 predominantly localized to the plasma membrane, but punctate signals also appeared in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. PeAPY2 exhibited broad substrate specificity, but it most efficiently hydrolyzed purine nucleotides, particularly ATP. PeAPY2 preferred Mg(2+) as a cofactor, and it was insensitive to various, specific ATPase inhibitors. When PeAPY2 was ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cold tolerance was enhanced, based on root growth measurements and survival rates. Moreover, under cold stress, PeAPY2-transgenic plants maintained plasma membrane integrity and showed reduced cold-elicited electrolyte leakage compared with wild-type plants. These responses probably resulted from efficient plasma membrane repair via vesicular trafficking. Indeed, transgenic plants showed accelerated endocytosis and exocytosis during cold stress and recovery. We found that low doses of extracellular ATP accelerated vesicular trafficking, but high extracellular ATP inhibited trafficking and reduced cell viability. Cold stress caused significant increases in root medium extracellular ATP. However, under these conditions, PeAPY2-transgenic lines showed greater control of extracellular ATP levels than wild-type plants. We conclude that Arabidopsis plants that overexpressed PeAPY2 could increase membrane repair by accelerating vesicular trafficking and hydrolyzing extracellular ATP to avoid excessive, cold-elicited ATP accumulation in the root medium and, thus, reduced ATP-induced inhibition of vesicular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Deng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Mingquan Ding
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Yinan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Yuanling Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Yeqing Tan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Xujun Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Peichen Hou
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Meijuan Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Cunfu Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China (S.D., R.Z., Y.Z., Y.S., W.W., Y.T., D.L., X.M., M.W., C.L., X.S., S.C.);College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China (J.S.);College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, People's Republic of China (M.D.); andNational Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, People's Republic of China (P.H.)
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26
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Liu ZQ, Qiu AL, Shi LP, Cai JS, Huang XY, Yang S, Wang B, Shen L, Huang MK, Mou SL, Ma XL, Liu YY, Lin L, Wen JY, Tang Q, Shi W, Guan DY, Lai Y, He SL. SRC2-1 is required in PcINF1-induced pepper immunity by acting as an interacting partner of PcINF1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3683-98. [PMID: 25922484 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Elicitins are elicitors that can trigger hypersensitive cell death in most Nicotiana spp., but their underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. The gene Phytophthora capsici INF1 (PcINF1) coding for an elicitin from P. capsici was characterized in this study. Transient overexpression of PcINF1 triggered cell death in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and was accompanied by upregulation of the hypersensitive response marker, Hypersensitive Induced Reaction gene 1 (HIR1), and the pathogenesis-related genes SAR82, DEF1, BPR1, and PO2. A putative PcINF1-interacting protein, SRC2-1, was isolated from a pepper cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid screening and was observed to target the plasma membrane. The interaction between PcINF1 and SRC2-1 was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation. Simultaneous transient overexpression of SRC2-1 and PcINF1 in pepper plants triggered intensive cell death, whereas silencing of SRC2-1 by virus-induced gene silencing blocked the cell death induction of PcINF1 and increased the susceptibility of pepper plants to P. capsici infection. Additionally, membrane targeting of the PcINF1-SRC2-1 complex was required for cell death induction. The C2 domain of SRC2-1 was crucial for SRC2-1 plasma membrane targeting and the PcINF1-SRC2-1 interaction. These results suggest that SRC2-1 interacts with PcINF1 and is required in PcINF1-induced pepper immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qin Liu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ai-lian Qiu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Lan-ping Shi
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Jin-sen Cai
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Xue-ying Huang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Mu-kun Huang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Shao-liang Mou
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Ma
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yan-yan Liu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Jia-yu Wen
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Qian Tang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - De-yi Guan
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yan Lai
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Shui-lin He
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
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Pérez-Sancho J, Vanneste S, Lee E, McFarlane HE, Esteban Del Valle A, Valpuesta V, Friml J, Botella MA, Rosado A. The Arabidopsis synaptotagmin1 is enriched in endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites and confers cellular resistance to mechanical stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:132-43. [PMID: 25792253 PMCID: PMC4424031 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) contact sites are evolutionarily conserved microdomains that have important roles in specialized metabolic functions such as ER-PM communication, lipid homeostasis, and Ca(2+) influx. Despite recent advances in knowledge about ER-PM contact site components and functions in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammals, relatively little is known about the functional significance of these structures in plants. In this report, we characterize the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phospholipid binding Synaptotagmin1 (SYT1) as a plant ortholog of the mammal extended synaptotagmins and yeast tricalbins families of ER-PM anchors. We propose that SYT1 functions at ER-PM contact sites because it displays a dual ER-PM localization, it is enriched in microtubule-depleted regions at the cell cortex, and it colocalizes with Vesicle-Associated Protein27-1, a known ER-PM marker. Furthermore, biochemical and physiological analyses indicate that SYT1 might function as an electrostatic phospholipid anchor conferring mechanical stability in plant cells. Together, the subcellular localization and functional characterization of SYT1 highlights a putative role of plant ER-PM contact site components in the cellular adaptation to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pérez-Sancho
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Eunkyoung Lee
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Alicia Esteban Del Valle
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Jiří Friml
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
| | - Abel Rosado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain (J.P.-S., A.E.d.V., V.V., M.A.B., A.R.);Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.V., J.F.);Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4 (E.L., H.E.M., A.R.); andMax Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (H.E.M.)
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Amari K, Di Donato M, Dolja VV, Heinlein M. Myosins VIII and XI play distinct roles in reproduction and transport of tobacco mosaic virus. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004448. [PMID: 25329993 PMCID: PMC4199776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligatory parasites that depend on host cellular factors for their replication as well as for their local and systemic movement to establish infection. Although myosin motors are thought to contribute to plant virus infection, their exact roles in the specific infection steps have not been addressed. Here we investigated the replication, cell-to-cell and systemic spread of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using dominant negative inhibition of myosin activity. We found that interference with the functions of three class VIII myosins and two class XI myosins significantly reduced the local and long-distance transport of the virus. We further determined that the inactivation of myosins XI-2 and XI-K affected the structure and dynamic behavior of the ER leading to aggregation of the viral movement protein (MP) and to a delay in the MP accumulation in plasmodesmata (PD). The inactivation of myosin XI-2 but not of myosin XI-K affected the localization pattern of the 126k replicase subunit and the level of TMV accumulation. The inhibition of myosins VIII-1, VIII-2 and VIII-B abolished MP localization to PD and caused its retention at the plasma membrane. These results suggest that class XI myosins contribute to the viral propagation and intracellular trafficking, whereas myosins VIII are specifically required for the MP targeting to and virus movement through the PD. Thus, TMV appears to recruit distinct myosins for different steps in the cell-to-cell spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Amari
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Botany, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Botany, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valerian V. Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Manfred Heinlein
- Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, Botany, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Brandizzi F, Wasteneys GO. Cytoskeleton-dependent endomembrane organization in plant cells: an emerging role for microtubules. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:339-49. [PMID: 23647215 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Movement of secretory organelles is a fascinating yet largely mysterious feature of eukaryotic cells. Microtubule-based endomembrane and organelle motility utilizing the motor proteins dynein and kinesin is commonplace in animal cells. In contrast, it has been long accepted that intracellular motility in plant cells is predominantly driven by myosin motors dragging organelles and endomembrane-bounded cargo along actin filament bundles. Consistent with this, defects in the acto-myosin cytoskeleton compromise plant growth and development. Recent findings, however, challenge the actin-centric view of the motility of critical secretory organelles and distribution of associated protein machinery. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on actin-mediated organelle movement within the secretory pathway of plant cells, and report on recent and exciting findings that support a critical role of microtubules in plant cell development, in fine-tuning the positioning of Golgi stacks, as well as their involvement in cellulose synthesis and auxin polar transport. These emerging aspects of the biology of microtubules highlight adaptations of an ancestral machinery that plants have specifically evolved to support the functioning of the acto-myosin cytoskeleton, and mark new trends in our global appreciation of the complexity of organelle movement within the plant secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA
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Monshausen GB. Visualizing Ca(2+) signatures in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:677-682. [PMID: 23044039 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a key player in an astonishing variety of plant signal transduction pathways where transient, spiking or oscillatory changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels help to couple environmental or developmental cues to appropriate cellular responses. Understanding whether and how much Ca(2+) signaling contributes to defining stimulus-response specificity has long been a challenge, but recent work has provided strong evidence that specific information can indeed be encoded in the spatiotemporal characteristics of Ca(2+) signals. Identification of the Ca(2+) binding proteins that transduce Ca(2+) signals by regulating downstream effector proteins has revealed a complex network of Ca(2+) sensor families, of which some members show distinct patterns of expression and subcellular localization. By utilizing genetically encoded fluorescent Ca(2+) probes to monitor Ca(2+) changes at high spatiotemporal resolution, it is now possible to explore whether such spatial heterogeneities in Ca(2+) sensor distribution are coordinated with subcellular microdomains of Ca(2+) signaling. Such visualization of Ca(2+) signaling will also help to address which cellular compartments and transporters contribute to mobilizing and sequestering Ca(2+) and thus define stimulus-specific Ca(2+) signatures.
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31
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Perraki A, Cacas JL, Crowet JM, Lins L, Castroviejo M, German-Retana S, Mongrand S, Raffaele S. Plasma membrane localization of Solanum tuberosum remorin from group 1, homolog 3 is mediated by conformational changes in a novel C-terminal anchor and required for the restriction of potato virus X movement]. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:624-37. [PMID: 22855937 PMCID: PMC3461544 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of plasma membrane (PM) microdomains plays a crucial role in the regulation of membrane signaling and trafficking. Remorins are a plant-specific family of proteins organized in six phylogenetic groups, and Remorins of group 1 are among the few plant proteins known to specifically associate with membrane rafts. As such, they are valuable to understand the molecular bases for PM lateral organization in plants. However, little is known about the structural determinants underlying the specific association of group 1 Remorins with membrane rafts. We used a structure-function approach to identify a short C-terminal anchor (RemCA) indispensable and sufficient for tight direct binding of potato (Solanum tuberosum) REMORIN 1.3 (StREM1.3) to the PM. RemCA switches from unordered to α-helical structure in a nonpolar environment. Protein structure modeling indicates that RemCA folds into a tight hairpin of amphipathic helices. Consistently, mutations reducing RemCA amphipathy abolished StREM1.3 PM localization. Furthermore, RemCA directly binds to biological membranes in vitro, shows higher affinity for Detergent-Insoluble Membranes lipids, and targets yellow fluorescent protein to Detergent-Insoluble Membranes in vivo. Mutations in RemCA resulting in cytoplasmic StREM1.3 localization abolish StREM1.3 function in restricting potato virus X movement. The mechanisms described here provide new insights on the control and function of lateral segregation of plant PM.
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Lek A, Evesson FJ, Sutton RB, North KN, Cooper ST. Ferlins: regulators of vesicle fusion for auditory neurotransmission, receptor trafficking and membrane repair. Traffic 2011; 13:185-94. [PMID: 21838746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2011.01267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ferlins are a family of multiple C2 domain proteins with emerging roles in vesicle fusion and membrane trafficking. Ferlin mutations are associated with muscular dystrophy (dysferlin) and deafness (otoferlin) in humans, and infertility in Caenorhabditis elegans (Fer-1) and Drosophila (misfire), demonstrating their importance for normal cellular functioning. Ferlins show ancient origins in eukaryotic evolution and are detected in all eukaryotic kingdoms, including unicellular eukaryotes and apicomplexian protists, suggesting origins in a common ancestor predating eukaryotic evolutionary branching. The characteristic feature of the ferlin family is their multiple tandem cytosolic C2 domains (five to seven C2 domains), the most of any protein family, and an extremely rare feature amongst eukaryotic proteins. Ferlins also bear a unique nested DysF domain and small conserved 60-70 residue ferlin-specific sequences (Fer domains). Ferlins segregate into two subtypes based on the presence (type I ferlin) or absence (type II ferlin) of the DysF and FerA domains. Ferlins have diverse tissue-specific and developmental expression patterns, with ferlin animal models united by pathologies arising from defects in vesicle fusion. Consistent with their proposed role in vesicle trafficking, ferlin interaction partners include cytoskeletal motors, other vesicle-associated trafficking proteins and transmembrane receptors or channels. Herein we summarize the research history of the ferlins, an intriguing family of structurally conserved proteins with a preserved ancestral function as regulators of vesicle fusion and receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lek
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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