1
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Meelua W, Wanjai T, Thinkumrob N, Friedman R, Jitonnom J. Multiscale QM/MM Simulations Identify the Roles of Asp239 and 1-OH···Nucleophile in Transition State Stabilization in Arabidopsis thaliana Cell-Wall Invertase 1. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4827-4838. [PMID: 37503869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana cell-wall invertase 1 (AtCWIN1), a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism in plants, catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into fructose and glucose. AtCWIN1 belongs to the glycoside hydrolase GH-J clan, where two carboxylate residues (Asp23 and Glu203 in AtCWIN1) are well documented as a nucleophile and an acid/base catalyst. However, details at the atomic level about the role of neighboring residues and enzyme-substrate interactions during catalysis are not fully understood. Here, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) free-energy simulations were carried out to clarify the origin of the observed decreased rates in Asp239Ala, Asp239Asn, and Asp239Phe in AtCWIN1 compared to the wild type and delineate the role of Asp239 in catalysis. The glycosylation and deglycosylation steps were considered in both wild type and mutants. Deglycosylation is predicted to be the rate-determining step in the reaction, with a calculated overall free-energy barrier of 15.9 kcal/mol, consistent with the experimental barrier (15.3 kcal/mol). During the reaction, the -1 furanosyl ring underwent a conformational change corresponding to 3E ↔ [E2]⧧ ↔ 1E according to the nomenclature of saccharide structures along the full catalytic reaction. Asp239 was found to stabilize not only the transition state but also the fructosyl-enzyme intermediate, which explains findings from previous structural and mutagenesis experiments. The 1-OH···nucleophile interaction has been found to provide an important contribution to the transition state stabilization, with a contribution of ∼7 kcal/mol, and affected glycosylation more significantly than deglycosylation. This study provides molecular insights that improve the current understanding of sucrose binding and hydrolysis in members of clan GH-J, which may benefit protein engineering research. Finally, a rationale on the sucrose inhibitor configuration in chicory 1-FEH IIa, proposed a long time ago in the literature, is also provided based on the QM/MM calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijitra Meelua
- Demonstration School, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Tanchanok Wanjai
- Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Natechanok Thinkumrob
- Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Ran Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnæus University, Kalmar SE-391 82, Sweden
| | - Jitrayut Jitonnom
- Unit of Excellence in Computational Molecular Science and Catalysis, and Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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2
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Insights into the Structure of the Highly Glycosylated Ffase from Rhodotorula dairenensis Enhance Its Biotechnological Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314981. [PMID: 36499311 PMCID: PMC9741242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula dairenensis β-fructofuranosidase is a highly glycosylated enzyme with broad substrate specificity that catalyzes the synthesis of 6-kestose and a mixture of the three series of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), fructosylating a variety of carbohydrates and other molecules as alditols. We report here its three-dimensional structure, showing the expected bimodular arrangement and also a unique long elongation at its N-terminus containing extensive O-glycosylation sites that form a peculiar arrangement with a protruding loop within the dimer. This region is not required for activity but could provide a molecular tool to target the dimeric protein to its receptor cellular compartment in the yeast. A truncated inactivated form was used to obtain complexes with fructose, sucrose and raffinose, and a Bis-Tris molecule was trapped, mimicking a putative acceptor substrate. The crystal structure of the complexes reveals the major traits of the active site, with Asn387 controlling the substrate binding mode. Relevant residues were selected for mutagenesis, the variants being biochemically characterized through their hydrolytic and transfructosylating activity. All changes decrease the hydrolytic efficiency against sucrose, proving their key role in the activity. Moreover, some of the generated variants exhibit redesigned transfructosylating specificity, which may be used for biotechnological purposes to produce novel fructosyl-derivatives.
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3
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Amorim C, Rodrigues JL, Braga A, Gomes D, Rainha J, Silvério SC, Cardoso BB, Fernández-Lobato M, Rodrigues LR. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the one-step production of a functional sweetening mixture towards food applications. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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The Influence of Yarrowia lipolytica Glycosylation on the Biochemical Properties and Oligomerization of Heterologous Invertase. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invertases are important enzymes used in the food industry. Despite many studies on the invertase-encoding SUC2 gene expression in the industrial yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, no biochemical characteristics of this enzyme expressed as heterologous protein have been provided. Here, two isoforms of extracellular invertase produced by Y. lipolytica were detected using ion-exchange chromatography. Specific activities of 226.45 and 432.66 U/mg for the first and second isoform, respectively, were determined. Basic characteristics of this enzyme were similar to the one isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (optimum pH and temperature, metal ions inhibition, substrate specificity and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) biosynthesis). The apparent differences were higher KM for sucrose (67 mM) and lower molecular mass (66 kDa) resulting from lower N-glycosylation level (9.1% of mass). The N-glycan structures determined by MALDI-TOF and HPLC represented high mannose structures, though with much shorter chains than hypermannosylated glycans from S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, galactose was detected as the modifying sugar in the glycan structures of invertase expressed in Y. lipolytica. N-glycans did not affect invertase activity but were important for its oligomerization. The expressed enzyme aggregated into dimers, tetramers, hexamers, and octamers, as well as structures of higher molecular mass, which might be decamers, which have not been described so far in the literature.
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5
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Braga A, Gomes D, Rainha J, Cardoso BB, Amorim C, Silvério SC, Fernández-Lobato M, Rodrigues JL, Rodrigues LR. Tailoring fructooligosaccharides composition with engineered Zymomonas mobilis ZM4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4617-4626. [PMID: 35739346 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 is an attractive host for the development of microbial cell factories to synthesize high-value compounds, including prebiotics. In this study, a straightforward process to produce fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from sucrose was established. To control the relative FOS composition, recombinant Z. mobilis strains secreting a native levansucrase (encoded by sacB) or a mutated β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase-Leu196) from Schwanniomyces occidentalis were constructed. Both strains were able to produce a FOS mixture with high concentration of 6-kestose. The best results were obtained with Z. mobilis ZM4 pB1-sacB that was able to produce 73.4 ± 1.6 g L-1 of FOS, with a productivity of 1.53 ± 0.03 g L-1 h-1 and a yield of 0.31 ± 0.03 gFOS gsucrose-1. This is the first report on the FOS production using a mutant Z. mobilis ZM4 strain in a one-step process. KEY POINTS: • Zymomonas mobilis was engineered to produce FOS in a one-step fermentation process. • Mutant strains produced FOS mixtures with high concentration of 6-kestose. • A new route to produce tailor-made FOS mixtures was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Braga
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniela Gomes
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Rainha
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Beatriz B Cardoso
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Amorim
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara C Silvério
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry-Rocasolano (CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana L Rodrigues
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB-Center of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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6
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Enzymatic and structural characterization of β-fructofuranosidase from the honeybee gut bacterium Frischella perrara. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2455-2470. [PMID: 35267055 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharide is a mixture of mostly the trisaccharide 1-kestose (GF2), tetrasaccharide nystose (GF3), and fructosyl nystose (GF4). Enzymes that hydrolyze GF3 may be useful for preparing GF2 from the fructooligosaccharide mixture. A β-fructofuranosidase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) from the honeybee gut bacterium Frischella perrara (FperFFase) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The time course of the hydrolysis of 60 mM sucrose, GF2, and GF3 by FperFFase was analyzed, showing that the hydrolytic activity of FperFFase for trisaccharide GF2 was lower than those for disaccharide sucrose and tetrasaccharide GF3. The crystal structure of FperFFase and its structure in complex with fructose were determined. FperFFase was found to be structurally homologous to bifidobacterial β-fructofuranosidases even though bifidobacterial enzymes preferably hydrolyze GF2 and the amino acid residues interacting with fructose at subsite - 1 are mostly conserved between them. A proline residue was inserted between Asp298 and Ser299 using site-directed mutagenesis, and the activity of the variant 298P299 was measured. The ratio of activities for 60 mM GF2/GF3 by wild-type FperFFase was 35.5%, while that of 298P299 was 23.6%, indicating that the structure of the loop comprising Trp297-Asp298-Ser299 correlated with the substrate preference of FperFFase. The crystal structure also shows that a loop consisting of residues 117-127 is likely to contribute to the substrate binding of FperFFase. The results obtained herein suggest that FperFFase is potentially useful for the manufacture of GF2. KEY POINTS: • Frischella β-fructofuranosidase hydrolyzed nystose more efficiently than 1-kestose. • Trp297-Asp298-Ser299 was shown to be correlated with the substrate preference. • Loop consisting of residues 117-127 appears to contribute to the substrate binding.
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7
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Versluys M, Porras-Domínguez JR, De Coninck T, Van Damme EJM, Van den Ende W. A novel chicory fructanase can degrade common microbial fructan product profiles and displays positive cooperativity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1602-1622. [PMID: 34750605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructan metabolism in bacteria and plants relies on fructosyltransferases and fructanases. Plant fructanases (fructan exohydrolase, FEH) only hydrolyse terminal fructose residues. Levan (β-2,6 linkages) is the most abundant fructan type in bacteria. Dicot fructan accumulators, such as chicory (Cichorium intybus), accumulate inulin (β-2,1 linkages), harbouring several 1-FEH isoforms for their degradation. Here, a novel chicory fructanase with high affinity for levan was characterized, providing evidence that such enzymes widely occur in higher plants. It is adapted to common microbial fructan profiles, but has low affinity towards chicory inulin, in line with a function in trimming of microbial fructans in the extracellular environment. Docking experiments indicate the importance of an N-glycosylation site close to the active site for substrate specificity. Optimal pH and temperature for levan hydrolysis are 5.0 and 43.7 °C, respectively. Docking experiments suggested multiple substrate binding sites and levan-mediated enzyme dimerization, explaining the observed positive cooperativity. Alignments show a single amino acid shift in the position of a conserved DXX(R/K) couple, typical for sucrose binding in cell wall invertases. A possible involvement of plant fructanases in levan trimming is discussed, in line with the emerging 'fructan detour' concepts, suggesting that levan oligosaccharides act as signalling entities during plant-microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Versluys
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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de Lima MZT, de Almeida LR, Mera AM, Bernardes A, Garcia W, Muniz JRC. Crystal Structure of a Sucrose-6-phosphate Hydrolase from Lactobacillus gasseri with Potential Applications in Fructan Production and the Food Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10223-10234. [PMID: 34449216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are polymers of fructose with a prebiotic activity because of their production and fermentation by bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and are widely used in the industry and new functional foods. Lactobacillus gasseri stands out as an important homofermentative microorganism related to FOS production, and its potential applications in the industry are undeniable. In this study, we report the production and characterization of a sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase from L. gasseri belonging to the GH32 family. Apo-LgAs32 and LgAs32 complexed with β-d-fructose structures were determined at a resolution of 1.94 and 1.84 Å, respectively. The production of FOS, fructans, 1-kestose, and nystose by the recombinant LgAs32, using sucrose as a substrate, shown in this study is very promising. When compared to its homologous enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri, the production of 1-kestose by LgAs32 is increased; thus, LgAs32 can be considered as an alternative in fructan production and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Z T de Lima
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R de Almeida
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Alain M Mera
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bernardes
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Wanius Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP 09210-580, Brazil
| | - João R C Muniz
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, SP 13563-120, Brazil
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9
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Piedrabuena D, Rumbero Á, Pires E, Leal-Duaso A, Civera C, Fernández-Lobato M, Hernaiz MJ. Enzymatic synthesis of novel fructosylated compounds by Ffase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis in green solvents. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24312-24319. [PMID: 35479057 PMCID: PMC9036678 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01391b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-fructofuranosidase from the yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis (Ffase) produces potential prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) by self-transfructosylation of sucrose, being one of the highest known producers of 6-kestose. The use of Green Solvents (GS) in biocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional organic media for improving product yields and generating new molecules. In this work, the Ffase hydrolytic and transfructosylating activity was analysed using different GS, including biosolvents and ionic liquids. Among them, 11 were compatible for the net synthesis of FOS. Besides, two glycerol derivatives improved the yield of total FOS. Interestingly, polyols ethylene glycol and glycerol were found to be efficient alternative fructosyl-acceptors, both substantially decreasing the sucrose fructosylation. The main transfer product of the reaction with glycerol was a 62 g L-1 isomeric mixture of 1-O and 2-O-β-d-fructofuranosylglycerol, representing 95% of all chemicals generated by transfructosylation. Unexpectedly, the non-terminal 2-O fructo-conjugate was the major molecule catalysed during the process, while the 1-O isomer was the minor one. This fact made Ffase the first known enzyme from yeast showing this catalytic ability. Thus, novel fructosylated compounds with potential applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical fields have been obtained in this work, increasing the biotechnological interest of Ffase with innocuous GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Piedrabuena
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO; UAM-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ángel Rumbero
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Elísabet Pires
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Leal-Duaso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Concepción Civera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO; UAM-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - María J Hernaiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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10
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Mankowski ME, Morrell JJ, Lebow PK. Effects on Brood Development in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus vicinus Mayr after Exposure to the Yeast Associate Schwanniomyces polymorphus Kloecker. INSECTS 2021; 12:520. [PMID: 34199749 PMCID: PMC8229963 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Schwanniomyces polymorphus is associated with the infrabuccal pocket in the carpenter ant Camponotus vicinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), but its role in ant development is poorly defined. The potential effects of this yeast on brood development were examined on sets of larval groups and workers over a 12 week period. Worker-larval sets were fed variations of a completely artificial, holidic diet and exposed or not exposed to live S. polymorphus. Worker-larval sets in half of the experiment were defaunated using a two-step heat and chemical process. Brood development and number of adult ants produced were significantly affected by the heat/chemical defaunation process. Compared to worker-larval groups fed a basal, complete diet, all treatments resulted in no or deleterious larval development. Brood weights and number of worker ants produced from the original larval sets at initiation were significantly higher in non-defaunated ant groups fed a diet lacking both B vitamins and cholesterol and exposed to live S. polymorphus. We propose that this yeast may help ants to more efficiently assimilate nutrients when fed nutrient-deficient diets, particularly those deficient in sterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Mankowski
- Forest Products Laboratory Starkville, USDA Forest Service, Starkville, MS 39759, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Morrell
- Centre Timber Durability and Design Life, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Patricia K. Lebow
- Forest Products Laboratory Madison, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
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11
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The β-Fructofuranosidase from Rhodotorula dairenensis: Molecular Cloning, Heterologous Expression, and Evaluation of Its Transferase Activity. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-fructofuranosidase from the yeast Rhodotorula dairenensis (RdINV) produces a mixture of potential prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of the levan-, inulin- and neo-FOS series by transfructosylation of sucrose. In this work, the gene responsible for this activity was characterized and its functionality proved in Pichia pastoris. The amino acid sequence of the new protein contained most of the characteristic elements of β-fructofuranosidases included in the family 32 of the glycosyl hydrolases (GH32). The heterologous yeast produced a protein of about 170 kDa, where N-linked and O-linked carbohydrates constituted about 15% and 38% of the total protein mass, respectively. Biochemical and kinetic properties of the heterologous protein were similar to the native enzyme, including its ability to produce prebiotic sugars. The maximum concentration of FOS obtained was 82.2 g/L, of which 6-kestose represented about 59% (w/w) of the total products synthesized. The potential of RdINV to fructosylate 19 hydroxylated compounds was also explored, of which eight sugars and four alditols were modified. The flexibility to recognize diverse fructosyl acceptors makes this protein valuable to produce novel glycosyl-compounds with potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Wang CH, Xiong WP, Huang C, Li XM, Wang QY, Huang RB. Engineering better catalytic activity and acidic adaptation into Kluyveromyces marxianus exoinulinase using site-directed mutagenesis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2472-2482. [PMID: 33034040 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exoinulinase catalyzes the successive removal of individual fructose moiety from the non-reducing end of the inulin molecule, which is useful for biotechnological applications like producing fructan-based non-grain biomass energy and high-fructose syrup. In this study, an exoinulinase (KmINU) from Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM 5418 was tailored for increased catalytic activity and acidic adaptation for inulin hydrolysis processes by rational site-directed mutagenesis. RESULTS Three mutations, S124Y, N158S and Q215V distal to the catalytic residues of KmINU were designed and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Compared to the wild-type, S124Y shifted the pH-activity profile towards acidic pH values and increased the catalytic activity and catalytic efficiency by 59% and 99% to 688.4 ± 17.03 s-1 and 568.93 L mmol-1 s-1 , respectively. N158S improved the catalytic activity under acidic pH conditions, giving a maximum value of 464.06 ± 14.06 s-1 on inulin at pH 4.5. Q215V markedly improved the substrate preference for inulin over sucrose by 5.56-fold, and showed catalytic efficiencies of 208.82 and 6.88 L mmol-1 s-1 towards inulin and sucrose, respectively. Molecular modeling and computational docking indicated that structural reorientation may underlie the increased catalytic activity, acidic adaptation and substrate preference. CONCLUSIONS The KmINU mutants may serve as industrially promising candidates for inulin hydrolysis. Protein engineering of exoinulinase here provides a successful example of the extent to which mutating non-conserved substrate recognition and binding residues distal to the active site can be used for industrial enzyme improvements. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wu-Ping Xiong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Nanning Sinozyme Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanning, China
| | - Qing-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ri-Bo Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
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Rodrigo-Frutos D, Jiménez-Ortega E, Piedrabuena D, Ramírez-Escudero M, Míguez N, Plou FJ, Sanz-Aparicio J, Fernández-Lobato M. New insights into the molecular mechanism behind mannitol and erythritol fructosylation by β-fructofuranosidase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7158. [PMID: 33785821 PMCID: PMC8010047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-fructofuranosidase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis (Ffase) is a useful biotechnological tool for the fructosylation of different acceptors to produce fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructo-conjugates. In this work, the structural determinants of Ffase involved in the transfructosylating reaction of the alditols mannitol and erythritol have been studied in detail. Complexes with fructosyl-erythritol or sucrose were analyzed by crystallography and the effect of mutational changes in positions Gln-176, Gln-228, and Asn-254 studied to explore their role in modulating this biocatalytic process. Interestingly, N254T variant enhanced the wild-type protein production of fructosyl-erythritol and FOS by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}∼ 30% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, it produced neokestose, which represented \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}∼ 27% of total FOS, and yielded 31.8 g l−1 blastose by using glucose as exclusive fructosyl-acceptor. Noteworthy, N254D and Q176E replacements turned the specificity of Ffase transferase activity towards the synthesis of the fructosylated polyols at the expense of FOS production, but without increasing the total reaction efficiency. The results presented here highlight the relevance of the pair Gln-228/Asn-254 for Ffase donor-sucrose binding and opens new windows of opportunity for optimizing the generation of fructosyl-derivatives by this enzyme enhancing its biotechnological applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodrigo-Frutos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO; UAM-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Ortega
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Física-Química Rocasolano (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Piedrabuena
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO; UAM-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Física-Química Rocasolano (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Míguez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP-CSIC), Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP-CSIC), Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Física-Química Rocasolano (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO; UAM-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Chance or Necessity-The Fungi Co-Occurring with Formica polyctena Ants. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030204. [PMID: 33670956 PMCID: PMC7997191 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary There are about 13,800 species of ants living around the world, but only some of them have been extensively studied in the context of their non−antagonistic relationships with fungi. The best−known example is the symbiosis between leaf−cutting ants and fungi serving them as food. Others include the relationship between ants living in carton nests in the trees’ canopy with fungi increasing the durability of the nest. Do ants utilize fungi in the northern hemisphere and cooler climatic zone? This question is still open. Our goal was to study the less−obvious interactions between ants and common fungi in temperate climates. In our study, we characterized the mycobiota of the surroundings of Formica polyctena ants. We identified nearly 600 strains and investigated their taxonomic affinity. The most abundant fungi in F. polyctena nests are strains belonging to Penicillium—a genus well−known as an antibiotic producer. Other common and widespread fungi related to Penicillium, such as the toxin−producing Aspergillus species, were isolated very rarely. Additionally, the high diversity and high frequency of Penicillium colonies isolated from ants in this study suggest that certain representatives of this genus may be adapted to survive in ant nests, or that they are preferentially sustained by the insects. Abstract Studies on carton nesting ants and domatia−dwelling ants have shown that ant–fungi interactions may be much more common and widespread than previously thought. Until now, studies focused predominantly on parasitic and mutualistic fungi–ant interactions occurring mostly in the tropics, neglecting less−obvious interactions involving the fungi common in ants’ surroundings in temperate climates. In our study, we characterized the mycobiota of the surroundings of Formica polyctena ants by identifying nearly 600 fungal colonies that were isolated externally from the bodies of F. polyctena workers. The ants were collected from mounds found in northern and central Poland. Isolated fungi were assigned to 20 genera via molecular identification (ITS rDNA barcoding). Among these, Penicillium strains were the most frequent, belonging to eight different taxonomic sections. Other common and widespread members of Eurotiales, such as Aspergillus spp., were isolated very rarely. In our study, we managed to characterize the genera of fungi commonly present on F. polyctena workers. Our results suggest that Penicillium, Trichoderma, Mucor, Schwanniomyces and Entomortierella are commonly present in F. polyctena surroundings. Additionally, the high diversity and high frequency of Penicillium colonies isolated from ants in this study suggest that representatives of this genus may be adapted to survive in ant nests environment better than the other fungal groups, or that they are preferentially sustained by the insects in nests.
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Insect derived extra oral GH32 plays a role in susceptibility of wheat to Hessian fly. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2081. [PMID: 33483565 PMCID: PMC7822839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hessian fly is an obligate parasite of wheat causing significant economic damage, and triggers either a resistant or susceptible reaction. However, the molecular mechanisms of susceptibility leading to the establishment of the larvae are unknown. Larval survival on the plant requires the establishment of a steady source of readily available nutrition. Unlike other insect pests, the Hessian fly larvae have minute mandibles and cannot derive their nutrition by chewing tissue or sucking phloem sap. Here, we show that the virulent larvae produce the glycoside hydrolase MdesGH32 extra-orally, that localizes within the leaf tissue being fed upon. MdesGH32 has strong inulinase and invertase activity aiding in the breakdown of the plant cell wall inulin polymer into monomers and converting sucrose, the primary transport sugar in plants, to glucose and fructose, resulting in the formation of a nutrient-rich tissue. Our finding elucidates the molecular mechanism of nutrient sink formation and establishment of susceptibility.
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Miyazaki T, Oba N, Park EY. Structural insight into the substrate specificity of Bombyx mori β-fructofuranosidase belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 32. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 127:103494. [PMID: 33132139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose-hydrolyzing enzymes are largely divided into β-fructofuranosidase and sucrose α-glucosidase. The domestic silkworm Bombyx mori possesses both enzymes, BmSUC1 and BmSUH, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) and GH13, respectively. BmSUC1 was presumed to be acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria based on phylogenetic analysis and related to tolerance to sugar-mimic alkaloids contained in mulberry latex. Here we investigated the substrate specificity of recombinant BmSUC1 that can hydrolyze not only sucrose but also fructooligosaccharides and fructans, and revealed that the enzyme was competitively inhibited by 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol, one of the alkaloids. Moreover, the crystal structures of BmSUC1 in apo form and complex with sucrose were determined, and the active site pocket was shallow and suitable for shorter substrates but was related to more relaxed substrate specificity than the strict sucrose α-glucosidase BmSUH. Considering together with the distribution of BmSUC1-orthologous genes in many lepidopterans, our results suggest that BmSUC1 contributes to the digestion of fructooligosaccharides and fructans derived from feed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Oba
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Department of Applied Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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Ma J, Li T, Tan H, Liu W, Yin H. The Important Roles Played in Substrate Binding of Aromatic Amino Acids in Exo-Inulinase From Kluyveromyces cicerisporus CBS 4857. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:569797. [PMID: 33102520 PMCID: PMC7545266 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.569797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulinase is a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32). It catalyzes the randomly hydrolyzation of 2,1-β-D-fructosidic linkages in inulin and plays a role in the production of high-fructose syrup. In this study, detailed roles of the conserved residues W79, F113, M117, R181, C239, and W334 of the exo-inulinase from Kluyveromyces cicerisporus CBS4857 (KcINU1) in substrate binding and stabilization were evaluated by in silico analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. These residues belong to the conserved WG, FSGSMV, RDP, ECP, and WQY regions of the GH32 and are located around the catalytic pocket of KcINU1. Zymogram assay showed relatively weaker band for F113W and similar band for M117A compared to the wild-type enzyme toward inulin and sucrose, whereas all other variants showed no observable stain on the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results were further confirmed with the dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method. It showed that the residual activities of F113W toward inulin and sucrose were 33.8 ± 3.3% and 96.2 ± 5.5%, respectively, and that of M117A were 103.8 ± 1.3% and 166.5 ± 12%, respectively. Results from fluorescence spectra indicated that there is a significant conformational change that happened in F113W compared to the wild-type enzyme, while M117A exhibited limited impact although the quenching effect was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Ma
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Tang Li
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Haidong Tan
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Wujun Liu
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.,Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Trapala J, Bustos-Jaimes I, Manzanares P, Bárzana E, Montiel C. Purification and characterization of an inulinase produced by a Kluyveromyces marxianus strain isolated from blue agave bagasse. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 176:105718. [PMID: 32777449 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Exo-inulinases are versatile enzymes that have gained attention in recent years due to their ability to hydrolyze linear and branched polyfructose chains found in inulines. Agavin, a branched inulin, is found in Agave plant, the raw matter to produce tequila. Our group has isolated several microbial strains from agave bagasse, an agro-industrial residue from tequila production that increases yearly. Strain ISO3, identified as Kluyveromyces marxianus, showed a remarkable activity towards agavin, and from its fermentation liquor an inulinolytic enzyme (Inu-ISO3) was purified. The isolated enzyme is a glycosylated dimeric protein with a molecular mass of ~256 kDa, as determined by DLS and SEC. The enzyme has an isoelectric pH of 4.6 and has both inulinase and invertase activities with an I/S ratio (ratio of activity with agavin to activity with sucrose) of 1.39. The enzyme has temperature and pH optima of 50 °C and 5.5, respectively, and follows hyperbolic kinetics with agavin (kcat of 339 ± 27 s-1 and KM of 11.8 ± 1.5 mM). The remarkable activity of Inu-ISO3 on linear and branched inulin spotlights this enzyme as a potential player in the treatment of agricultural residua for the generation of added-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Trapala
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ismael Bustos-Jaimes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Paloma Manzanares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medio Ambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bárzana
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Carmina Montiel
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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20
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Ma J, Li Q, Tan H, Jiang H, Li K, Zhang L, Shi Q, Yin H. Unique N-glycosylation of a recombinant exo-inulinase from Kluyveromyces cicerisporus and its effect on enzymatic activity and thermostability. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:81. [PMID: 31737090 PMCID: PMC6844067 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inulinase can hydrolyze polyfructan into high-fructose syrups and fructoligosaccharides, which are widely used in food, the medical industry and the biorefinery of Jerusalem artichoke. In the present study, a recombinant exo-inulinase (rKcINU1), derived from Kluyveromyces cicerisporus CBS4857, was proven as an N-linked glycoprotein, and the removal of N-linked glycan chains led to reduced activity. Results Five N-glycosylation sites with variable high mannose-type oligosaccharides (Man3–9GlcNAc2) were confirmed in the rKcINU1. The structural modeling showed that all five glycosylation sites (Asn-362, Asn-370, Asn-399, Asn-467 and Asn-526) were located at the C-terminus β-sandwich domain, which has been proven to be more conducive to the occurrence of glycosylation modification than the N-terminus domain. Single-site N-glycosylation mutants with Asn substituted by Gln were obtained, and the Mut with all five N-glycosylation sites removed was constructed, which resulted in the loss of all enzyme activity. Interestingly, the N362Q led to an 18% increase in the specific activity against inulin, while a significant decrease in thermostability (2.91 °C decrease in Tm) occurred, and other single mutations resulted in the decrease in the specific activity to various extents, among which N467Q demonstrated the lowest enzyme activity. Conclusion The increased enzyme activity in N362Q, combined with thermostability testing, 3D modeling, kinetics data and secondary structure analysis, implied that the N-linked glycan chains at the Asn-362 position functioned negatively, mainly as a type of steric hindrance toward its adjacent N-glycans to bring rigidity. Meanwhile, the N-glycosylation at the other four sites positively regulated enzyme activity caused by altered substrate affinity by means of fine-tuning the β-sandwich domain configuration. This may have facilitated the capture and transfer of substrates to the enzyme active cavity, in a manner quite similar to that of carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs), i.e. the chains endowed the β-sandwich domain with the functions of CBM. This study discovered a unique C-terminal sequence which is more favorable to glycosylation, thereby casting a novel view for glycoengineering of enzymes from fungi via redesigning the amino acid sequence at the C-terminal domain, so as to optimize the enzymatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Ma
- 1Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China.,2Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 China
| | - Qian Li
- 2Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622 China
| | - Haidong Tan
- 1Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Hao Jiang
- 3Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Kuikui Li
- 1Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- 3Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Quan Shi
- 3Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Heng Yin
- 1Natural Products and Glyco-Biotechnology Research Group, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
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Seo DH, Jung JH, Park CS. Improved polymerization activity of Deinococcus geothermalis amylosucrase by semi-rational design: Effect of loop flexibility on the polymerization reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:177-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Low-resolution structure, oligomerization and its role on the enzymatic activity of a sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase from Bacillus licheniformis. Amino Acids 2019; 51:599-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Rodrigo-Frutos D, Piedrabuena D, Sanz-Aparicio J, Fernández-Lobato M. Yeast cultures expressing the Ffase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis, a simple system to produce the potential prebiotic sugar 6-kestose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:279-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Nagaya M, Kimura M, Gozu Y, Sato S, Hirano K, Tochio T, Nishikawa A, Tonozuka T. Crystal structure of a β-fructofuranosidase with high transfructosylation activity from Aspergillus kawachii. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1786-1795. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1353405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
β-Fructofuranosidases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family (GH) 32 are enzymes that hydrolyze sucrose. Some GH32 enzymes also catalyze transfructosylation to produce fructooligosaccharides. We found that Aspergillus kawachii IFO 4308 β-fructofuranosidase (AkFFase) produces fructooligosaccharides, mainly 1-kestose, from sucrose. We determined the crystal structure of AkFFase. AkFFase is composed of an N-terminal small component, a β-propeller catalytic domain, an α-helical linker, and a C-terminal β-sandwich, similar to other GH32 enzymes. AkFFase forms a dimer, and the dimerization pattern is different from those of other oligomeric GH32 enzymes. The complex structure of AkFFase with fructose unexpectedly showed that fructose binds both subsites −1 and +1, despite the fact that the catalytic residues were not mutated. Fructose at subsite +1 interacts with Ile146 and Glu296 of AkFFase via direct hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Nagaya
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Miyoko Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Gozu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Shona Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Hirano
- Research & Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan
| | - Takumi Tochio
- Research & Development Center, B Food Science Co., Ltd., Chita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Okonkwo CC, Ujor V, Ezeji TC. Investigation of relationship between 2,3-butanediol toxicity and production during growth of Paenibacillus polymyxa. N Biotechnol 2017; 34:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Xie J, Cai K, Hu HX, Jiang YL, Yang F, Hu PF, Cao DD, Li WF, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. Structural Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism and Substrate Specificity of Anabaena Alkaline Invertase InvA Reveals a Novel Glucosidase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25667-25677. [PMID: 27777307 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertases catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, thereby playing a key role in primary metabolism and plant development. According to the optimum pH, invertases are classified into acid invertases (Ac-Invs) and alkaline/neutral invertases (A/N-Invs), which share no sequence homology. Compared with Ac-Invs that have been extensively studied, the structure and catalytic mechanism of A/N-Invs remain unknown. Here we report the crystal structures of Anabaena alkaline invertase InvA, which was proposed to be the ancestor of modern plant A/N-Invs. These structures are the first in the GH100 family. InvA exists as a hexamer in both crystal and solution. Each subunit consists of an (α/α)6 barrel core structure in addition to an insertion of three helices. A couple of structures in complex with the substrate or products enabled us to assign the subsites -1 and +1 specifically binding glucose and fructose, respectively. Structural comparison combined with enzymatic assays indicated that Asp-188 and Glu-414 are putative catalytic residues. Further analysis of the substrate binding pocket demonstrated that InvA possesses a stringent substrate specificity toward the α1,2-glycosidic bond of sucrose. Together, we suggest that InvA and homologs represent a novel family of glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xie
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Kun Cai
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hai-Xi Hu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Feng Yang
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Peng-Fei Hu
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cao
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Wei-Fang Li
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- From the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China
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Characterization of a novel low-temperature-active, alkaline and sucrose-tolerant invertase. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32081. [PMID: 27553125 PMCID: PMC4995436 DOI: 10.1038/srep32081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A glycoside hydrolase family 32 invertase from Bacillus sp. HJ14 was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme (rInvHJ14) showed typical biochemical properties of low-temperature-active and alkaline enzymes: (i) rInvHJ14 was active and stable in the range of pH 7.0–9.5 with an apparent pH optimum of 8.0; (ii) rInvHJ14 was most active but not stable at 30–32.5 °C, with 19.7, 48.2 and 82.1% of its maximum activity when assayed at 0, 10 and 20 °C, respectively, and the Ea, ΔG* (30 °C), Km (30 °C) and kcat (30 °C) values for hydrolysis of sucrose by rInvHJ14 was 47.6 kJ mol−1, 57.6 kJ mol−1, 62.9 mM and 746.2 s−1, respectively. The enzyme also showed strong sucrose tolerance. rInvHJ14 preserved approximately 50% of its highest activity in the presence of 2045.0 mM sucrose. Furthermore, potential factors for low-temperature-active and alkaline adaptations of rInvHJ14 were presumed. Compared with more thermostable homologs, rInvHJ14 has a higher frequency of glycine residues and a longer loop but a lower frequency of proline residues (especially in a loop) in the catalytic domain. The catalytic pockets of acid invertases were almost negatively charged while that of alkaline rInvHJ14 was mostly positively charged.
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Holyavka M, Artyukhov V, Kovaleva T. Structural and functional properties of inulinases: A review. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1196486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Piedrabuena D, Míguez N, Poveda A, Plou FJ, Fernández-Lobato M. Exploring the transferase activity of Ffase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis, a β-fructofuranosidase showing high fructosyl-acceptor promiscuity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8769-78. [PMID: 27229725 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The β-fructofuranosidase from the yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis (Ffase) produces the prebiotic sugars 6-kestose and 1-kestose by transfructosylation of sucrose, which makes it of biotechnological interest. In this study, the hydrolase and transferase activity of this enzyme was kinetically characterized and its potential to synthesize new fructosylated products explored. A total of 40 hydroxylated compounds were used as potential fructosyl-acceptor alternatives to sucrose. Only 17 of them, including some monosaccharides, disaccharides, and oligosaccharides as well as alditols and glycosides were fructosylated. The best alternative acceptors were the alditols. The major transfer product of the reaction including mannitol was purified and characterized as 1-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-D-mannitol, whose maximum concentration reached 44 g/L, representing about 7.3 % of total compounds in the mixture and 89 % of all products generated by transfructosylation. The reactions including erythritol produced 35 g/L of an isomer mixture comprising 1- and 4-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-D-erythritol. In addition, Ffase produced 24 g/L of the disaccharide blastose by direct fructosylation of glucose, which makes it the first enzyme characterized from yeast showing this ability. Thus, novel fructosylated compounds with potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries can be obtained due to the Ffase fructosyl-acceptor promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Piedrabuena
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO; CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Míguez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Poveda
- CIC bioGUNE: Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Network of Science, Technology and Innovation, Biscay Science and Technology Park, 801-A Ibaizabal Bidea St., Derio Town, 48160, Spain
| | - Francisco J Plou
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO; CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Mohite P, Apte M, Kumar AR, Zinjarde S. Biogenic Nanoparticles from Schwanniomyces occidentalis NCIM 3459: Mechanistic Aspects and Catalytic Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:583-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Olarte-Avellaneda S, Rodríguez-López A, Patiño JD, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Sánchez OF. In Silico Analysis of the Structure of Fungal Fructooligosaccharides-Synthesizing Enzymes. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 10:53-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Ramírez-Escudero M, Gimeno-Pérez M, González B, Linde D, Merdzo Z, Fernández-Lobato M, Sanz-Aparicio J. Structural Analysis of β-Fructofuranosidase from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous Reveals Unique Features and the Crucial Role of N-Glycosylation in Oligomerization and Activity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6843-57. [PMID: 26823463 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhousβ-fructofuranosidase (XdINV)is a highly glycosylated dimeric enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose and releases fructose from various fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructans. It also catalyzes the synthesis of FOS, prebiotics that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in human gut. In contrast to most fructosylating enzymes, XdINV produces neo-FOS, which makes it an interesting biotechnology target. We present here its three-dimensional structure, which shows the expected bimodular arrangement and also a long extension of its C terminus that together with anN-linked glycan mediate the formation of an unusual dimer. The two active sites of the dimer are connected by a long crevice, which might indicate its potential ability to accommodate branched fructans. This arrangement could be representative of a group of GH32 yeast enzymes having the traits observed in XdINV. The inactive D80A mutant was used to obtain complexes with relevant substrates and products, with their crystals structures showing at least four binding subsites at each active site. Moreover, two different positions are observed from subsite +2 depending on the substrate, and thus, a flexible loop (Glu-334-His-343) is essential in binding sucrose and β(2-1)-linked oligosaccharides. Conversely, β(2-6) and neo-type substrates are accommodated mainly by stacking to Trp-105, explaining the production of neokestose and the efficient fructosylating activity of XdINV on α-glucosides. The role of relevant residues has been investigated by mutagenesis and kinetics measurements, and a model for the transfructosylating reaction has been proposed. The plasticity of its active site makes XdINV a valuable and flexible biocatalyst to produce novel bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- From the Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid and
| | - María Gimeno-Pérez
- the Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz González
- From the Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid and
| | - Dolores Linde
- the Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zoran Merdzo
- the Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Lobato
- the Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- From the Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid and
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33
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Van der Nest MA, Steenkamp ET, McTaggart AR, Trollip C, Godlonton T, Sauerman E, Roodt D, Naidoo K, Coetzee MPA, Wilken PM, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. Saprophytic and pathogenic fungi in the Ceratocystidaceae differ in their ability to metabolize plant-derived sucrose. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:273. [PMID: 26643441 PMCID: PMC4672557 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteins in the Glycoside Hydrolase family 32 (GH32) are carbohydrate-active enzymes known as invertases that hydrolyse the glycosidic bonds of complex saccharides. Fungi rely on these enzymes to gain access to and utilize plant-derived sucrose. In fungi, GH32 invertase genes are found in higher copy numbers in the genomes of pathogens when compared to closely related saprophytes, suggesting an association between invertases and ecological strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and evolution of GH32 invertases in the Ceratocystidaceae using a comparative genomics approach. This fungal family provides an interesting model to study the evolution of these genes, because it includes economically important pathogenic species such as Ceratocystis fimbriata, C. manginecans and C. albifundus, as well as saprophytic species such as Huntiella moniliformis, H. omanensis and H. savannae. Results The publicly available Ceratocystidaceae genome sequences, as well as the H. savannae genome sequenced here, allowed for the identification of novel GH32-like sequences. The de novo assembly of the H. savannae draft genome consisted of 28.54 megabases that coded for 7 687 putative genes of which one represented a GH32 family member. The number of GH32 gene family members appeared to be related to the ecological adaptations of these fungi. The pathogenic Ceratocystis species all contained two GH32 family genes (a putative cell wall and a putative vacuolar invertase), while the saprophytic Huntiella species had only one of these genes (a putative cell wall invertase). Further analysis showed that the evolution of the GH32 gene family in the Ceratocystidaceae involved transposable element-based retro-transposition and translocation. As an example, the activity of a Fot5-like element likely facilitated the assembly of the genomic regions harbouring the GH32 family genes in Ceratocystis. Conclusions This study provides insight into the evolutionary history of the GH32 gene family in Ceratocystidaceae. Our findings suggest that transposable elements shaped the evolution of the GH32 gene family, which in turn determines the sucrolytic activities and related ecological strategies of the Ceratocystidaceae species that harbour them. The study also provides insights into the role of carbohydrate-active enzymes in plant-fungal interactions and adds to our understanding of the evolution of these enzymes and their role in the life style of these fungi. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0550-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Van der Nest
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - E T Steenkamp
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - A R McTaggart
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - C Trollip
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - T Godlonton
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - E Sauerman
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - D Roodt
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - K Naidoo
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - M P A Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - P M Wilken
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
| | - B D Wingfield
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
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Ma JY, Cao HL, Tan HD, Hu XJ, Liu WJ, Du YG, Yin H. Cloning, Expression, Characterization, and Mutagenesis of a Thermostable Exoinulinase From Kluyveromyces cicerisporus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:144-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Trollope KM, Görgens JF, Volschenk H. Semirational Directed Evolution of Loop Regions in Aspergillus japonicus β-Fructofuranosidase for Improved Fructooligosaccharide Production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7319-29. [PMID: 26253664 PMCID: PMC4579456 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02134-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aspergillus japonicus β-fructofuranosidase catalyzes the industrially important biotransformation of sucrose to fructooligosaccharides. Operating at high substrate loading and temperatures between 50 and 60°C, the enzyme activity is negatively influenced by glucose product inhibition and thermal instability. To address these limitations, the solvent-exposed loop regions of the β-fructofuranosidase were engineered using a combined crystal structure- and evolutionary-guided approach. This semirational approach yielded a functionally enriched first-round library of 36 single-amino-acid-substitution variants with 58% retaining activity, and of these, 71% displayed improved activities compared to the parent. The substitutions yielding the five most improved variants subsequently were exhaustively combined and evaluated. A four-substitution combination variant was identified as the most improved and reduced the time to completion of an efficient industrial-like reaction by 22%. Characterization of the top five combination variants by isothermal denaturation assays indicated that these variants displayed improved thermostability, with the most thermostable variant displaying a 5.7°C increased melting temperature. The variants displayed uniquely altered, concentration-dependent substrate and product binding as determined by differential scanning fluorimetry. The altered catalytic activity was evidenced by increased specific activities of all five variants, with the most improved variant doubling that of the parent. Variant homology modeling and computational analyses were used to rationalize the effects of amino acid changes lacking direct interaction with substrates. Data indicated that targeting substitutions to loop regions resulted in improved enzyme thermostability, specific activity, and relief from product inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Trollope
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J F Görgens
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - H Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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36
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Identification, biochemical characterization, and in-vivo expression of the intracellular invertase BfrA from the pathogenic parasite Leishmania major. Carbohydr Res 2015; 415:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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De Sadeleer E, Vergauwen R, Struyf T, Le Roy K, Van den Ende W. 1-FFT amino acids involved in high DP inulin accumulation in Viguiera discolor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:616. [PMID: 26322058 PMCID: PMC4531242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fructans are important vacuolar reserve carbohydrates with drought, cold, ROS and general abiotic stress mediating properties. They occur in 15% of all flowering plants and are believed to display health benefits as a prebiotic and dietary fiber. Fructans are synthesized by specific fructosyltransferases and classified based on the linkage type between fructosyl units. Inulins, one of these fructan types with β(2-1) linkages, are elongated by fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferases (1-FFT) using a fructosyl unit from a donor inulin to elongate the acceptor inulin molecule. The sequence identity of the 1-FFT of Viguiera discolor (Vd) and Helianthus tuberosus (Ht) is 91% although these enzymes produce distinct fructans. The Vd 1-FFT produces high degree of polymerization (DP) inulins by preferring the elongation of long chain inulins, in contrast to the Ht 1-FFT which prefers small molecules (DP3 or 4) as acceptor. Since higher DP inulins have interesting properties for industrial, food and medical applications, we report here on the influence of two amino acids on the high DP inulin production capacity of the Vd 1-FFT. Introducing the M19F and H308T mutations in the active site of the Vd 1-FFT greatly reduces its capacity to produce high DP inulin molecules. Both amino acids can be considered important to this capacity, although the double mutation had a much higher impact than the single mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wim Van den Ende
- *Correspondence: Wim Van den Ende, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Nadeem H, Rashid MH, Siddique MH, Azeem F, Muzammil S, Javed MR, Ali MA, Rasul I, Riaz M. Microbial invertases: A review on kinetics, thermodynamics, physiochemical properties. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gimeno-Pérez M, Linde D, Fernández-Arrojo L, Plou FJ, Fernández-Lobato M. Heterologous overproduction of β-fructofuranosidase from yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, an enzyme producing prebiotic sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:3459-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Effect of deglycosylation on the properties of thermophilic invertase purified from the yeast Candida guilliermondii MpIIIa. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Chen C, Zhou F, Ren J, Ai L, Dong Y, Wu Z, Liu Z, Chen W, Guo B. Cloning, expression and functional validation of a β-fructofuranosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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van Wyk N, Trollope KM, Steenkamp ET, Wingfield BD, Volschenk H. Identification of the gene for β-fructofuranosidase from Ceratocystis moniliformis CMW 10134 and characterization of the enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:100. [PMID: 24225070 PMCID: PMC3880211 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background β-Fructofuranosidases (or invertases) catalyse the commercially-important biotransformation of sucrose into short-chain fructooligosaccharides with wide-scale application as a prebiotic in the functional foods and pharmaceutical industries. Results We identified a β-fructofuranosidase gene (CmINV) from a Ceratocystis moniliformis genome sequence using protein homology and phylogenetic analysis. The predicted 615 amino acid protein, CmINV, grouped with an existing clade within the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 32 and showed typical conserved motifs of this enzyme family. Heterologous expression of the CmINV gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742∆suc2 provided further evidence that CmINV indeed functions as a β-fructofuranosidase. Firstly, expression of the CmINV gene complemented the inability of the ∆suc2 deletion mutant strain of S. cerevisiae to grow on sucrose as sole carbohydrate source. Secondly, the recombinant protein was capable of producing short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) when incubated in the presence of 10% sucrose. Purified deglycosylated CmINV protein showed a molecular weight of ca. 66 kDa and a Km and Vmax on sucrose of 7.50 mM and 986 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Its optimal pH and temperature conditions were determined to be 6.0 and 62.5°C, respectively. The addition of 50 mM LiCl led to a 186% increase in CmINV activity. Another striking feature was the relatively high volumetric production of this protein in S. cerevisiae as one mL of supernatant was calculated to contain 197 ± 6 International Units of enzyme. Conclusion The properties of the CmINV enzyme make it an attractive alternative to other invertases being used in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Heinrich Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Room A322, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Mardo K, Visnapuu T, Vija H, Elmi T, Alamäe T. Mutational analysis of conserved regions harboring catalytic triad residues of the levansucrase protein encoded by the
lsc‐3
gene (
lsc3
) of
Pseudomonas syringae
pv. tomato
DC
3000. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 61:11-22. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mardo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Triinu Visnapuu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Heiki Vija
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics Tallinn Estonia
| | - Triin Elmi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Tiina Alamäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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Abstract
This article surveys methods for the enzymatic conversion of starch, involving hydrolases and nonhydrolyzing enzymes, as well as the role of microorganisms producing such enzymes. The sources of the most common enzymes are listed. These starch conversions are also presented in relation to their applications in the food, pharmaceutical, pulp, textile, and other branches of industry. Some sections are devoted to the fermentation of starch to ethanol and other products, and to the production of cyclodextrins, along with the properties of these products. Light is also shed on the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch in human and animal organisms. Enzymatic processes acting on starch are useful in structural studies of the substrates and in understanding the characteristics of digesting enzymes. One section presents the application of enzymes to these problems. The information that is included covers the period from the early 19th century up to 2009.
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45
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Le Roy K, Vergauwen R, Struyf T, Yuan S, Lammens W, Mátrai J, De Maeyer M, Van den Ende W. Understanding the role of defective invertases in plants: tobacco Nin88 fails to degrade sucrose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1670-81. [PMID: 23447526 PMCID: PMC3613447 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.209460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall invertases (cwINVs), with a high affinity for the cell wall, are fundamental enzymes in the control of plant growth, development, and carbon partitioning. Most interestingly, defective cwINVs have been described in several plant species. Their highly attenuated sucrose (Suc)-hydrolyzing capacity is due to the absence of aspartate-239 (Asp-239) and tryptophan-47 (Trp-47) homologs, crucial players for stable binding in the active site and subsequent hydrolysis. However, so far, the precise roles of such defective cwINVs remain unclear. In this paper, we report on the functional characterization of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Nin88, a presumed fully active cwINV playing a crucial role during pollen development. It is demonstrated here that Nin88, lacking both Asp-239 and Trp-47 homologs, has no invertase activity. This was further supported by modeling studies and site-directed mutagenesis experiments, introducing both Asp-239 and Trp-47 homologs, leading to an enzyme with a distinct Suc-hydrolyzing capacity. In vitro experiments suggest that the addition of Nin88 counteracts the unproductive and rather aspecific binding of tobacco cwINV1 to the wall, leading to higher activities in the presence of Suc and a more efficient interaction with its cell wall inhibitor. A working model is presented based on these findings, allowing speculation on the putative role of Nin88 in muro. The results presented in this work are an important first step toward unraveling the specific roles of plant defective cwINVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Le Roy
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudy Vergauwen
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem Lammens
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janka Mátrai
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc De Maeyer
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology (K.L.R., R.V., T.S., S.Y., W.L., W.V.d.E.) and Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling (S.Y., J.M., M.D.M.), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B–3001 Leuven, Belgium
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46
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de Abreu M, Alvaro-Benito M, Sanz-Aparicio J, Plou FJ, Fernandez-Lobato M, Alcalde M. Synthesis of 6-Kestose using an Efficient β-Fructofuranosidase Engineered by Directed Evolution. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Sainz-Polo MA, Ramírez-Escudero M, Lafraya A, González B, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J, Sanz-Aparicio J. Three-dimensional structure of Saccharomyces invertase: role of a non-catalytic domain in oligomerization and substrate specificity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9755-9766. [PMID: 23430743 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.446435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertase is an enzyme that is widely distributed among plants and microorganisms and that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the disaccharide sucrose into glucose and fructose. Despite the important physiological role of Saccharomyces invertase (SInv) and the historical relevance of this enzyme as a model in early biochemical studies, its structure had not yet been solved. We report here the crystal structure of recombinant SInv at 3.3 Å resolution showing that the enzyme folds into the catalytic β-propeller and β-sandwich domains characteristic of GH32 enzymes. However, SInv displays an unusual quaternary structure. Monomers associate in two different kinds of dimers, which are in turn assembled into an octamer, best described as a tetramer of dimers. Dimerization plays a determinant role in substrate specificity because this assembly sets steric constraints that limit the access to the active site of oligosaccharides of more than four units. Comparative analysis of GH32 enzymes showed that formation of the SInv octamer occurs through a β-sheet extension that seems unique to this enzyme. Interaction between dimers is determined by a short amino acid sequence at the beginning of the β-sandwich domain. Our results highlight the role of the non-catalytic domain in fine-tuning substrate specificity and thus supplement our knowledge of the activity of this important family of enzymes. In turn, this gives a deeper insight into the structural features that rule modularity and protein-carbohydrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Sainz-Polo
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid
| | - Mercedes Ramírez-Escudero
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid
| | - Alvaro Lafraya
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz González
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid
| | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física "Rocasolano," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid.
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48
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Sainz-Polo MA, Lafraya A, Polo A, Marín-Navarro J, Polaina J, Sanz-Aparicio J. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1538-41. [PMID: 23192042 PMCID: PMC3509983 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112044417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase (ScInv) is an enzyme encoded by the SUC2 gene that releases β-fructose from the nonreducing termini of various β-D-fructofuranoside substrates. Its ability to produce 6-kestose by transglycosylation makes this enzyme an interesting research target for applications in industrial biotechnology. The native enzyme, which presents a high degree of oligomerization, was crystallized by vapour-diffusion methods. The crystals belonged to space group P3(1)21, with unit-cell parameters a=268.6, b=268.6, c=224.4 Å. The crystals diffracted to 3.3 Å resolution and gave complete data sets using a synchrotron X-ray source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Angela Sainz-Polo
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física ‘Rocasolano’, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Lafraya
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aitana Polo
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física ‘Rocasolano’, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Marín-Navarro
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Polaina
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Sanz-Aparicio
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física ‘Rocasolano’, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Assessment of Schwanniomyces occidentalis as a host for protein production using the wide-range Xplor2 expression platform. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:4443-56. [PMID: 23129184 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The wide-range transformation/expression platform, Xplor2, was employed for the assessment of Schwanniomyces occidentalis as a potential producer of the recombinant proteins human IFNα2a (IFNα2a) and S. occidentalis fructofuranosidase (SFfase), and its efficiency was compared to that of Arxula adeninivorans. ADE2 and URA3 genes from both yeast species were isolated, characterized and used as selection markers in combination with the IFNα2a and SFfase expression modules, which used the strong constitutive A. adeninivorans-derived TEF1 promoter. Yeast rDNA integrative expression cassettes and yeast integrative expression cassettes equipped with a selection marker and expression modules were transformed into auxotrophic S. occidentalis and A. adeninivorans strains and a quantitative comparison of the expression efficiency was made. Whilst IFNα2a was mainly accumulated extracellularly (>95 %) in A. adeninivorans, extracellular SFfase (>90 %) was detected in both yeast species. The DNA composition of the selection marker modules and expression modules, especially their open reading frame codon usage, affects auxotrophy recovery as well as protein expression. Auxotrophy recovery was only achieved with selection marker modules of the homologous gene donor yeast. The concentration of recombinant IFNα2a was fivefold higher in A. adeninivorans (1 mg L(-1)), whereas S. occidentalis accumulated 1.5- to 2-fold more SFfase (0.5 Units ml(-1)). These results demonstrate the extension of the use of the wide-range expression platform Xplor2 to another yeast species of biotechnological interest.
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50
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Pouyez J, Mayard A, Vandamme AM, Roussel G, Perpète EA, Wouters J, Housen I, Michaux C. First crystal structure of an endo-inulinase, INU2, from Aspergillus ficuum: Discovery of an extra-pocket in the catalytic domain responsible for its endo-activity. Biochimie 2012; 94:2423-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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