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Pratap UP, Tidwell M, Balinda HU, Clanton NA, Yang X, Viswanadhapalli S, Sareddy GR, Liang D, Xie H, Chen Y, Lai Z, Tekmal RR, McHardy SF, Brenner AJ, Vadlamudi RK. Preclinical Development of Brain Permeable ERβ Agonist for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1248-1260. [PMID: 37493258 PMCID: PMC10811744 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive type of adult brain tumors with low 5-year overall survival rates. Epidemiologic data suggest that estrogen may decrease brain tumor growth, and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) has been demonstrated to exert antitumor functions in GBM. The lack of potent, selective, and brain permeable ERβ agonist to promote its antitumor action is limiting the therapeutic promise of ERβ. In this study, we discovered that Indanone and tetralone-keto or hydroxyl oximes are a new class of ERβ agonists. Because of its high activity in ERβ reporter assays, specific binding to ERβ in polar screen assays, and potent growth inhibitory activity in GBM cells, CIDD-0149897 was discovered as a possible hit by screening a library of compounds. CIDD-0149897 is more selective for ERβ than ERα (40-fold). Treatment with CIDD-0149897 markedly reduced GBM cell viability with an IC50 of ∼7 to 15 μmol/L, while having little to no effect on ERβ-KO cells and normal human astrocytes. Further, CIDD-0149897 treatment enhanced expression of known ERβ target genes and promoted apoptosis in established and patient-derived GSC models. Pharmacokinetic studies confirmed that CIDD-0149897 has systemic exposure, and good bioavailability in the brain. Mice tolerated daily intraperitoneal treatment of CIDD-0149897 (50 mg/kg) with a 7-day repeat dosage with no toxicity. In addition, CIDD-0149897 treatment significantly decreased tumor growth in U251 xenograft model and extended the survival of orthotopic GBM tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, these findings pointed to CIDD-0149897 as a new class of ERβ agonist, offering patients with GBM a potential means of improving survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael Tidwell
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Nicholas A Clanton
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Huan Xie
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Stanton F McHardy
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Audie L. Murphy South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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2
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Venkata PP, Jayamohan S, He Y, Alejo S, Johnson JD, Palacios BE, Pratap UP, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zou Y, Lai Z, Suzuki T, Viswanadhapalli S, Weintraub ST, Palakurthi S, Valente PT, Tekmal RR, Kost ER, Vadlamudi RK, Sareddy GR. Pharmacological inhibition of KDM1A/LSD1 enhances estrogen receptor beta-mediated tumor suppression in ovarian cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 575:216383. [PMID: 37714256 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Emerging data indicates that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) functions as a tumor suppressor in OCa. Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) is an epigenetic modifier that acts as a coregulator for steroid hormone receptors. However, it remain unknown if KDM1A interacts with ERβ and regulates its expression/functions in OCa. Analysis of TCGA data sets indicated KDM1A and ERβ expression showed an inverse relationship in OCa. Knockout (KO), knockdown (KD), or inhibition of KDM1A increased ERβ isoform 1 expression in established and patient-derived OCa cells. Further, KDM1A interacts with and functions as a corepressor of ERβ, and its inhibition enhances ERβ target gene expression via alterations of histone methylation marks at their promoters. Importantly, KDM1A-KO or -KD enhanced the efficacy of ERβ agonist LY500307, and the combination of KDM1A inhibitor (KDM1Ai) NCD38 with ERβ agonist synergistically reduced the cell viability, colony formation, and invasion of OCa cells. RNA-seq and DIA mass spectrometry analyses showed that KDM1A-KO resulted in enhanced ERβ signaling and that genes altered by KDM1A-KO and ERβ agonist were related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and EMT. Moreover, combination treatment significantly reduced the tumor growth in OCa orthotopic, syngeneic, and patient-derived xenograft models and proliferation in patient-derived explant models. Our results demonstrate that KDM1A regulates ERβ expression/functions, and its inhibition improves ERβ mediated tumor suppression. Overall, our findings suggest that KDM1Ai and ERβ agonist combination therapy is a promising strategy for OCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sridharan Jayamohan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jessica D Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Bridgitte E Palacios
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Zexuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Srinath Palakurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Philip T Valente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Edward R Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Audie L. Murphy South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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3
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Fuentes-Romero R, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Vasquez-Reyes S, Pérez-Jiménez B, Domínguez Velázquez ZN, Sánchez-Tapia M, Vargas-Castillo A, Tobón-Cornejo S, López-Barradas AM, Mendoza V, Torres N, López-Casillas F, Tovar AR. Genistein-mediated thermogenesis and white-to-beige adipocyte differentiation involve transcriptional activation of cAMP response elements in the Ucp1 promoter. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23079. [PMID: 37410022 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300139rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone present in soybeans and is considered a bioactive compound due to its widely reported biological activity. We have previously shown that intraperitoneal genistein administration and diet supplementation activates the thermogenic program in rats and mice subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) under multiple environmental cues, including cold exposure and high-fat diet feeding. However, the mechanistic insights of this process were not previously unveiled. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a mitochondrial membrane polypeptide responsible for dissipating energy into heat, is considered the most relevant thermogenic marker; thus, we aimed to evaluate whether genistein regulates UCP1 transcription. Here we show that genistein administration to thermoneutral-housed mice leads to the appearance of beige adipocyte markers, including a sharp upregulation of UCP1 expression and protein abundance in scWAT. Reporter assays showed an increase in UCP1 promoter activity after genistein stimulation, and in silico analysis revealed the presence of estrogen (ERE) and cAMP (CRE) response elements as putative candidates of genistein activation. Mutation of the CRE but not the ERE reduced genistein-induced promoter activity by 51%. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo ChIP assays demonstrated the binding of CREB to the UCP1 promoter after acute genistein administration. Taken together, these data elucidate the mechanism of genistein-mediated UCP1 induction and confirm its potential applications in managing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Fuentes-Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Sarai Vasquez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Zuleima N Domínguez Velázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Tobón-Cornejo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Adriana M López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Valentín Mendoza
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular Physiology, UNAM, México City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
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4
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Biason-Lauber A, Lang-Muritano M. Estrogens: Two nuclear receptors, multiple possibilities. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 554:111710. [PMID: 35787463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Much is known about estrogen action in experimental animal models and in human physiology. This article reviews the mechanisms of estrogen activity in animals and humans and the role of its two receptors α and β in terms of structure and mechanisms of action in various tissues in health and in relationship with human pathologies (e.g., osteoporosis). Recently, the spectrum of clinical pictures of estrogen resistance caused by estrogen receptors gene variants has been widened by our description of a woman with β-receptor defect, which could be added to the already known descriptions of α-receptor defect in women and men and β-receptor defect in men. The essential role of the β-receptor in the development of the gonad stands out. We summarize the clinical pictures due to estrogen resistance in men and women and focus on long-term follow-up of two women, one with α- and the other with β-receptor resistance. Some open questions remain on the complex interactions between the two receptors on bone metabolism and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, which need further deepening and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Biason-Lauber
- University of Fribourg, Division of Endocrinology, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Mariarosaria Lang-Muritano
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Bonfim Neto AP, Cardoso APMM, Silva RDS, Sousa LMMDC, Giometti IC, Binelli M, Bauersachs S, Kowalewski MP, Papa PDC. An approach to uncover the relationship between 17b-estradiol and ESR1/ESR2 ratio in the regulation of canine corpus luteum. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:885257. [PMID: 35982918 PMCID: PMC9378837 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.885257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The canine corpus luteum (CL) is able to synthetise, activate and deactivate 17b-estradiol (E2) and also expresses nuclear estrogen receptors in a time-dependent manner during diestrus. Nevertheless, we are still missing a better comprehension of E2 functions in the canine CL, especially regarding the specific roles of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and ERb, encoded by ESR1 and 2, respectively. For that purpose, we analyzed transcriptomic data of canine non-pregnant CL collected on days 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 of diestrus and searched for differentially expressed genes (DEG) containing predicted transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) for ESR1 or ESR2. Based on biological functions of DEG presenting TFBS, expression of select transcripts and corresponding proteins was assessed. Additionally, luteal cells were collected across specific time points during diestrus and specificity of E2 responses was tested using ERa and/or ERb inhibitors. Bioinformatic analyses revealed 517 DEGs containing TFBS, from which 67 for both receptors. In general, abundance of predicted ESR1 targets was greater in the beginning, while abundance of ESR2 targets was greater in the end of diestrus. ESR1/ESR2 ratio shifted from an increasing to a decreasing pattern from day 30 to 40 post ovulation. Specific receptor inhibition suggested an ERa-mediated positive regulation of CL function at the beginning of diestrus and an ERb-mediated effect contributing to luteal regression. In conclusion, our data points toward a broad spectrum of action of E2 and its nuclear receptors, which can also act as transcription factors for other genes regulating canine CL function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata dos Santos Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ines Cristina Giometti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefan Bauersachs
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Paula de Carvalho Papa
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Paula de Carvalho Papa
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Uvarova AN, Ustiugova AS, Mitkin NA, Schwartz AM, Korneev KV, Kuprash DV. The Minor T Allele of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs13360222 Decreases the Activity of the HAVCR2 Gene Enhancer in a Cell Model of Human Macrophages. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Chauvin S, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Guigon CJ. Estradiol Signaling at the Heart of Folliculogenesis: Its Potential Deregulation in Human Ovarian Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010512. [PMID: 35008938 PMCID: PMC8745567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is a major hormone controlling women fertility, in particular folliculogenesis. This steroid, which is locally produced by granulosa cells (GC) within ovarian follicles, controls the development and selection of dominant preovulatory follicles. E2 effects rely on a complex set of nuclear and extra-nuclear signal transduction pathways principally triggered by its nuclear receptors, ERα and ERβ. These transcription factors are differentially expressed within follicles, with ERβ being the predominant ER in GC. Several ERβ splice isoforms have been identified and display specific structural features, which greatly complicates the nature of ERβ-mediated E2 signaling. This review aims at providing a concise overview of the main actions of E2 during follicular growth, maturation, and selection in human. It also describes the current understanding of the various roles of ERβ splice isoforms, especially their influence on cell fate. We finally discuss how E2 signaling deregulation could participate in two ovarian pathogeneses characterized by either a follicular arrest, as in polycystic ovary syndrome, or an excess of GC survival and proliferation, leading to granulosa cell tumors. This review emphasizes the need for further research to better understand the molecular basis of E2 signaling throughout folliculogenesis and to improve the efficiency of ovarian-related disease therapies.
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8
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Grković I, Mitrović N, Dragić M. Ectonucleotidases in the hippocampus: Spatial distribution and expression after ovariectomy and estradiol replacement. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 118:199-221. [PMID: 35180927 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purine nucleotides, such as adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), are important modulators of hippocampal function and plasticity. In the extracellular space, ATP is inherently short-lived molecule, which undergoes rapid enzymatic degradation to adenosine by ectonucleotidases. Given that ectonucleotidases have distinct and overlapping distribution in the hippocampus, and as ovarian hormones participate in a formation, maturation, and a refinement of synaptic contacts, both during development and in adulthood, the present chapter summarizes known data about spatial distribution of selected ecto-enzymes and estradiol-induced effects on ectonucleotidases in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Yuan B, Yang J, Dubeau L, Hu Y, Li R. A Phosphotyrosine Switch in Estrogen Receptor β Is Required for Mouse Ovarian Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649087. [PMID: 33898441 PMCID: PMC8063698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two homologous estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ exert distinct effects on their cognate tissues. Previous work from our laboratory identified an ERβ-specific phosphotyrosine residue that regulates ERβ transcriptional activity and antitumor function in breast cancer cells. To determine the physiological role of the ERβ phosphotyrosine residue in normal tissue development and function, we investigated a mutant mouse model (Y55F) whereby this particular tyrosine residue in endogenous mouse ERβ is mutated to phenylalanine. While grossly indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates, mutant female mice displayed reduced fertility, decreased ovarian follicular cell proliferation, and lower progesterone levels. Moreover, mutant ERβ from female mice during superovulation is defective in activating promoters of its target genes in ovarian tissues. Thus, our findings provide compelling genetic and molecular evidence for a role of isotype-specific ERβ phosphorylation in mouse ovarian development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Louis Dubeau
- Department of Pathology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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10
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Indukuri R, Jafferali MH, Song D, Damdimopoulos A, Hases L, Zhao C, Archer A, Williams C. Genome-wide estrogen receptor β chromatin binding in human colon cancer cells reveals its tumor suppressor activity. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:692-706. [PMID: 33754337 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the western world. In women, menopausal hormone therapy has been shown to reduce CRC incidence by 20%. Studies demonstrate that estrogen activating estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) protects against CRC. ERβ is a nuclear receptor that regulates gene expression through interactions with the chromatin. This molecular mechanism is, however, not well characterized in colon. Here, we present for the first time, the cistrome of ERβ in different colon cancer cell lines. We use cell lines engineered to express ERβ, optimize and validate an ERβ antibody for chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and perform ChIP-Seq. We identify key binding motifs, including ERE, AP-1, and TCF sites, and we determine enrichment of binding to cis-regulatory chromatin sites of genes involved in tumor development, cell migration, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling pathways. We compare the corresponding cistromes of colon and breast cancer and find that they are conserved for about a third of genes, including GREB1, but that ERβ tethering to TCF and KLF family motifs is characteristic for colon. We exemplify upregulation of putative CRC tumor suppressor gene CST5 where ERβ in colon cells binds to cis-regulatory regions nearby (-351 bp) the transcriptional start site. Our work provides a foundation for understanding the mechanism of action of ERβ in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajitha Indukuri
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Hakim Jafferali
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Damdimopoulos
- Bioinformatics and Expression Core, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hases
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Amena Archer
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Varshney MK, Yu NYL, Katayama S, Li X, Liu T, Wu WF, Töhönen V, Krjutškov K, Kere J, Fan X, Inzunza J, Gustafsson JÅ, Nalvarte I. Motor Function Deficits in the Estrogen Receptor Beta Knockout Mouse: Role on Excitatory Neurotransmission and Myelination in the Motor Cortex. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:27-44. [PMID: 31991411 DOI: 10.1159/000506162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) knockout (BERKO) mice display anxiety and aggression linked to, among others, altered serotonergic signaling in the basolateral amygdala and dorsal raphe, impaired cortical radial glia migration, and reduced GABAergic signaling. The effects on primary motor cortex (M1 cortex) and locomotor activity as a consequence of ERβ loss have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether locomotor activity is altered as a consequence of the changes in the M1 cortex. METHODS The locomotor activity of male wild-type (WT) and BERKO mice was evaluated using the open-field and rotarod tests. Molecular changes in the M1 cortex were analyzed by RNA sequencing, electron microscopy, electrophysiology, and immunohistological techniques. In addition, we established oligodendrocyte (OL) cultures from WT and BERKO mouse embryonic stem cells to evaluate OL function. RESULTS Locomotor profiling revealed that BERKO mice were more active than WT mice but had impaired motor coordination. Analysis of the M1 cortex pointed out differences in synapse function and myelination. There was a reduction in GABAergic signaling resulting in imbalanced excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission as well as a defective OL differentiation accompanied by myelin defects. The effects of ERβ loss on OL differentiation were confirmed in vitro. CONCLUSION ERβ is an important regulator of GABAergic interneurons and OL differentiation, which impacts on adult M1 cortex function and may be linked to increased locomotor activity and decreased motor coordination in BERKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Yiu-Lin Yu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wan-Fu Wu
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Competence Center on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Folkhälsan Research Institute, Helsinki, and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Research Institute, Helsinki, and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - José Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden,
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Filiponi M, Gougoura SG, Befani C, Bargiota Α, Liakos P, Koukoulis GN. 17-β estradiol attenuates the pro-oxidant activity of corticotropin-releasing hormone in macroendothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1407-1415. [PMID: 31141240 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone, which is the predominant regulator of neuroendocrine responses to stress, attenuates inflammation through stimulation of glucocorticoid release. Enhanced corticotropin-releasing hormone expression has been detected in inflammatory cells of the vascular endothelium, where it acts as a local regulator of endothelial redox homeostasis. Estrogens have beneficial effects on endothelial integrity and function, though the mechanism underlying their antioxidative effect remains as yet largely unknown. We therefore investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on pro-oxidant action of corticotropin-releasing hormone in vitro in macroendothelial cells, and, more specifically, the role of 17β-estradiol on corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced activities/release of the antioxidant enzymes namely, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. We observed that 17β-estradiol abolished the stimulatory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and counteracted its inhibitory effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide release. In addition, 17β-estradiol significantly induced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, an effect that was not significantly influenced by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Finally, 17β-estradiol significantly increased glutathione levels and the glutathione/glutathione + glutathione disulfide ratio, an action that was partially blocked by corticotropin-releasing hormone. Our results reveal that 17β-estradiol counterbalances corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated pro-inflammatory action and thereby maintains the physiological threshold of the endothelial cell redox environment. These observations may be of importance, considering the protective role of estrogen in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filiponi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia G Gougoura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Αlexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - George N Koukoulis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Research Laboratory, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
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13
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Yang ZM, Yang MF, Yu W, Tao HM. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen receptor β-induced apoptosis and autophagy in tumors: implication for treating osteosarcoma. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4644-4655. [PMID: 31526167 PMCID: PMC6833400 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519871373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) are located in the nucleus and bind to estrogen to initiate transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. In a variety of tumor cells, ERβ has been shown to be a tumor suppressor. In particular, ERβ has anti-proliferative effects in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, ERβ has been proven to regulate the apoptosis-related molecules IAP, BAX, caspase-3, and PARP, and to act on the NF-κB/BCL-2 pathway to induce apoptosis in tumors. Moreover, ERβ can regulate the expression of the autophagy associated markers LC3-I/LC-3II and p62 and induce autophagy in tumors by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activating the AMPK pathway. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which ERβ induces apoptosis and autophagy in a variety of tumors to further delineate more specific molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. Considering the broad involvement of ERβ in apoptosis, autophagy, and their interaction, it is plausible that the critical role of ERβ in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells is closely related to its regulation of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Fei Yang
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Min Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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ZFHX3 is indispensable for ERβ to inhibit cell proliferation via MYC downregulation in prostate cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:28. [PMID: 30979864 PMCID: PMC6461672 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2, also known as estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)) and the zinc-finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3, also known as ATBF1 for AT motif-binding factor 1) modulate prostate development and suppress prostatic tumorigenesis in mice. ZFHX3 is integral to proper functions of ESR1 (i.e., estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)), which belongs to the same family of proteins as ESR2, but is hardly expressed in prostate epithelial cells. It is not clear how ZFHX3 suppresses prostatic tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated whether ZFHX3 and ERβ functionally interact with each other in the suppression of prostatic tumorigenesis. In two androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cell lines, C4-2B and LNCaP, we first validated ERβ’s tumor suppressor activity indicated by the inhibition of cell proliferation and repression of MYC expression. We found that loss of ZFHX3 increased cell proliferation and MYC expression, and downregulation of MYC was necessary for ZFHX3 to inhibit cell proliferation in the same cell lines. Importantly, loss of ZFHX3 prevented ERβ from suppressing cell proliferation and repressing MYC transcription. Biochemically, ERβ and ZFHX3 physically interacted with each other and they both occupied the same region of the common MYC promoter, even though ZFHX3 also bound to another region of the MYC promoter. Higher levels of ZFHX3 and ERβ in human prostate cancer tissue samples correlated with better patient survival. These findings establish MYC repression as a mechanism for ZFHX3’s tumor suppressor activity and ZFHX3 as an indispensable factor for ERβ’s tumor suppressor activity in prostate cancer cells. Our data also suggest that intact ZFHX3 function is required for using ERβ-selective agonists to effectively treat prostate cancer.
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15
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Hutson DD, Gurrala R, Ogola BO, Zimmerman MA, Mostany R, Satou R, Lindsey SH. Estrogen receptor profiles across tissues from male and female Rattus norvegicus. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:4. [PMID: 30635056 PMCID: PMC6329134 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen is formed by the enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1) and signals via three identified receptors ERα (ESR1), ERß (ESR2), and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Understanding the relative contribution of each receptor to estrogenic signaling may elucidate the disparate effects of this sex hormone across tissues, and recent developments in PCR technology allow absolute quantification and direct comparison of multiple targets. We hypothesized that this approach would reveal tissue- and sex-specific differences in estrogen receptor mRNA. Methods ESR1, ESR2, GPER, and CYP19A1 were measured in four cardiovascular tissues (heart, aorta, kidney, and adrenal gland), three brain areas (somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex), and reproductive tissues (ovaries, mammary gland, uterus, testes) from six male and six female adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Results GPER mRNA expression was relatively stable across all tissues in both sexes, ranging from 5.49 to 113 copies/ng RNA, a 21-fold difference. In contrast, ESR1/ESR2 were variable across tissues although similar within an organ system. ESR1 ranged from 4.46 to 614 copies/ng RNA (138-fold difference) while ESR2 ranged from 0.154 to 83.1 copies/ng RNA (540-fold). Significant sex differences were broadly absent except for renal ESR1 (female 206 vs. male 614 copies/ng RNA, P < 0.0001) and GPER (62.0 vs. 30.2 copies/ng RNA, P < 0.05) as well as gonadal GPER (5.49 vs. 47.5 copies/ng RNA, P < 0.01), ESR2 (83.1 vs. 0.299 copies/ng RNA, P < 0.01), and CYP19A1 (322 vs. 7.18 copies/ng RNA, P < 0.01). Cardiovascular tissues showed a predominance of ESR1, followed by GPER. In contrast, GPER was the predominant transcript in the brain with similarly low levels of ESR1 and ESR2. CYP19A1 was detected at very low levels except for reproductive tissues and the hippocampus. Conclusion While the data indicates a lack of sex differences in most tissues, significant differences were found in the range of receptor gene expression across tissues as well as in the receptor profile between organ systems. The data provide a guide for future studies by establishing estrogen receptor expression across multiple tissues using absolute PCR quantification. This knowledge on tissue-specific estrogen receptor profiles will aid the development of hormonal therapies that elicit beneficial effects in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillion D Hutson
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Rakesh Gurrala
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Benard O Ogola
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Margaret A Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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16
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Seclaman E, Balacescu L, Balacescu O, Bejinar C, Udrescu M, Marian C, Sirbu IO, Anghel A. MicroRNAs mediate liver transcriptome changes upon soy diet intervention in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2263-2267. [PMID: 30618122 PMCID: PMC6378209 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy‐based diets have triggered the interest of the research community due to their beneficial effects on a wide variety of pathologies like breast and prostate cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. However, the molecular details underlying these effects are far from being completely understood; several recent attempts have been made to elucidate the soy‐induced liver transcriptome changes in different animal models. Here we used Next Generation Sequencing to identify a set of microRNAs specifically modulated by short‐term soy‐enriched diet in young male mice and estimated their impact on the liver transcriptome assessed by microarray. Clustering and topological community detection (CTCD) network analysis of STRING generated interactions of transcriptome data led to the identification of four topological communities of genes characteristically altered and putatively targeted by microRNAs upon soy diet intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Seclaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Loredana Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Balacescu
- Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Bejinar
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Udrescu
- Department of Computer and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
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Kraaijenvanger EJ, He Y, Spencer H, Smith AK, Bos PA, Boks MP. Epigenetic variability in the human oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene: A possible pathway from early life experiences to psychopathologies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 96:127-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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18
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Okazaki H, Hirao-Suzuki M, Takeda S, Takemoto Y, Mizunoe R, Haraguchi K, Watanabe K, Takiguchi M, Aramaki H. Bisphenol AF as an activator of human estrogen receptor β1 (ERβ1) in breast cancer cell lines. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:321-327. [PMID: 29743443 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is now recognized as one of the replacements for bisphenol A (BPA). Although considerable experimental evidence suggests that BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, the toxicological profile of BPAF has been investigated in less detail than that of BPA, even at the in vitro level. BPAF has been established as an activator of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in many cell lines; however, controversy surrounds its effects on the other isoform, ERβ (i.e., whether it functions as a stimulator). Five human ERβ isoforms have been cloned and characterized. Of these, we focused on the interactions between BPAF and the two isoforms, ERβ1 and ERβ2. We demonstrated that i) BPAF functioned as a stimulator of ERβ1 (and ERα), which is transiently expressed in the two types of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells) (EC50 values for ERβ: 6.87 nM and 2.58 nM, respectively, and EC50 values for ERα: 24.7 nM and 181 nM, respectively), ii) the stimulation of ERβ1 by BPAF (1-25 nM) was abrogated by PHTPP (an ERβ selective antagonist), and iii) the expression of ERβ1 and ERβ2 was not modulated by BPAF at nanomolar concentrations up to 25 nM. These results indicate that BPAF activates not only human ERα, but also the ERβ1 isoform in breast cancer cells, and exhibits higher activation potency for ERβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayo Hirao-Suzuki
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University (HIU)
| | - Shuso Takeda
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University (HIU)
| | - Yukimi Takemoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Ramu Mizunoe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | | | - Kazuhito Watanabe
- Center for Supporting Pharmaceutical Education, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Masufumi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University (HIU)
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Grković I, Mitrović N, Dragić M, Adžić M, Drakulić D, Nedeljković N. Spatial Distribution and Expression of Ectonucleotidases in Rat Hippocampus After Removal of Ovaries and Estradiol Replacement. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1933-1945. [PMID: 29978426 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is the main synaptic and non-synaptic signaling system in brain. ATP acts as a fast excitatory transmitter, while adenosine sets a global inhibitory tone within hippocampal neuronal networks. ATP and adenosine are interconnected by ectonucleotidase enzymes, which convert ATP to adenosine. Existing data point to the converging roles of ovarian steroids and purinergic signaling in synapse formation and refinement and synapse activity in the hippocampus. Therefore, in the present study, we have used enzyme histochemistry and expression analysis to obtain data on spatial distribution and expression of ecto-enzymes NTPDase1, NTPDase2, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN) after removal of ovaries (OVX) and estradiol replacement (E2) in female rat hippocampus. The results show that target ectonucleotidases are predominantly localized in synapse-rich hippocampal layers. The most represented NTPDase in the hippocampal tissue is NTPDase2, being at the same time the mostly affected ectonucleotidase by OVX and E2. Specifically, OVX decreases the expression of NTPDase2 and eN, whereas E2 restores their expression to control level. Impact of OVX and E2 on ectonucleotidase expression was also examined in purified synaptosome (SYN) and gliosome (GLIO) fractions. Data reveal that SYN expresses NTPDase1 and NTPDase2, both of which are reduced following OVX and restored with E2. GLIO exhibits NTPDase2-mediated ATP hydrolysis, which falls in OVX, and recovers by E2. These changes in the activity occur without parallel changes in NTPDase2-protein abundance. The same holds for eN. The lack of correlation between NTPDase2 and eN activities and their respective protein abundances suggest a non-genomic mode of E2 action, which is studied further in primary astrocyte culture. Since ovarian steroids shape hippocampal synaptic networks and regulate ectonucleotidase activities, it is possible that cognitive deficits seen after ovary removal may arise from the loss of E2 modulatory actions on ectonucleotidase expression in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
| | - Marija Adžić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
| | - Dunja Drakulić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia
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Estrogen enhances mismatch repair by induction of MLH1 expression via estrogen receptor-β. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38767-38779. [PMID: 28404976 PMCID: PMC5503570 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data demonstrated that hormone replace treatment has protective effect against colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous studies showed that this effect may be associated with DNA mismatch repair. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of estrogen induction of MLH1, and whether colorectal tumor proliferation can be inhibited through induction of MLH1 by estrogen signal pathway. Human CRC cell lines were used to examine the regulation of MLH1 expression by over-expression and depletion of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and estrogen receptor-β (ERβ), under the treatment with 17β-estradiol or β-Estradiol 6-(O-carboxy-methyl)oxime:BSA, followed by a real-time Q-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to identify the estrogen response elements in the proximal promoter of MLH1 gene. Then, the influence of estrogen-induced MLH1 on CRC tumor growth were determined in vitro and in vivo. We found that mismatch repair ability and microsatellite stability of cells were enhanced by estrogen via induction of MLH1 expression, which was mediated by ERβ, through a transcriptional activation process. Furthermore, we identified that ERβ exerted an inhibitory effect on CRC tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo, combined with 5-FU, through up-regulation of MLH1 expression. Finally, we concluded that estrogen enhances mismatch repair ability and tumor inhibition effect in vitro and in vivo, via induction of MLH1 expression mediated by ERβ.
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Dimethylthiourea ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:427-436. [PMID: 29787990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In order to clarify hepato-protective actions of estrogen, we examined the progress of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in sham and ovariectomized (ovx) mice and the effects of dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, and meloxicam (Melo), a selective cox-2 inhibitor, on the development of CCl4-induced ALI. MAIN METHODS Female C57BL/6 J mice weighing 15-20 g were performed sham or ovx operation at 8 weeks of age. Blood and liver samples were collected 15 and 24 h after CCl4 administration. Sham and ovx mice were given DMTU, Melo or saline intraperitoneally 30 min before CCl4 or corn oil administration. KEY FINDINGS ALT levels in ovx mice were significantly increased compared to those in sham mice. DMTU reduced ALT levels in ovx mice to the same levels as those in sham mice after CCl4 injection. CCl4 upregulated TNF-α, IL-6, cox-2 and iNOS expression in ovx mice compared to the levels in sham mice. DMTU significantly reduced cox-2 and iNOS expression levels upregulated by CCl4 in ovx mice. However, pretreatment with Melo had no effects on ALT levels and the gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and HO-1 in either sham or ovx mice, indicating that cox-2 may not participate in increase of CCl4-induced ALI caused by estrogen deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE Ovariectomy accelerated the development of CCl4-induced acute liver injury, and DMTU reduced liver injury. These results suggest that estrogen may act as an antioxidant in the development CCl4-induced acute liver injury.
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Bado I, Pham E, Soibam B, Nikolos F, Gustafsson JÅ, Thomas C. ERβ alters the chemosensitivity of luminal breast cancer cells by regulating p53 function. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22509-22522. [PMID: 29854295 PMCID: PMC5976481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancers tend to develop resistance to both endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Despite recent progress in defining molecular pathways that confer endocrine resistance, the mechanisms that regulate chemotherapy response in luminal tumors remain largely elusive. Luminal tumors often express wild-type p53 that is a major determinant of the cellular DNA damage response. Similar to p53, the second ER subtype, ERβ, has been reported to inhibit breast tumorigenesis by acting alone or in collaboration with p53. However, a synergistic mechanism of action has not been described. Here, we suggest that ERβ relies on p53 to elicit its tumor repressive actions in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Upregulation of ERβ and treatment with ERβ agonists potentiates the tumor suppressor function of p53 resulting in decreased survival. This effect requires molecular interaction between the two proteins that disrupts the inhibitory action of ERα on p53 leading to increased transcriptional activity of p53. In addition, we show that the same interaction alters the chemosensitivity of endocrine-resistant cells including their response to tamoxifen therapy. Our results suggest a collaboration of ERβ and p53 tumor suppressor activity in breast cancer cells that indicates the importance of ligand-regulated ERβ as a tool to target p53 activity and improve the clinical management of resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bado
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Pham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Huston, Texas, USA
| | - Fotis Nikolos
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christoforos Thomas
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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23
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Wu G, Xu R, Zhang P, Xiao T, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Du Y, Ye J, Cheng J, Jiang H. Estrogen regulates stemness and senescence of bone marrow stromal cells to prevent osteoporosis via ERβ-SATB2 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4194-4204. [PMID: 29030963 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Decline of pluripotency in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) associated with estrogen deficiency leads to a bone formation defect in osteoporosis. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (SATB2) is crucial for maintaining stemness and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. However, whether SATB2 is involved in estrogen-deficiency associated-osteoporosis is largely unknown. In this study, we found that estrogen mediated pluripotency and senescence of BMSCs, primarily through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). BMSCs from the OVX rats displayed increased senescence and weaker SATB2 expression, stemness, and osteogenic differentiation, while estrogen could rescue these phenotypes. Inhibition of ERβ or ERα confirmed that SATB2 was associated with ERβ in estrogen-mediated pluripotency and senescence of BMSCs. Furthermore, estrogen mediated the upregulation of SATB2 through the induction of ERβ binding to estrogen response elements (ERE) located at -488 of the SATB2 gene. SATB2 overexpression alleviated senescence and enhanced stemness and osteogenic differentiation of OVX-BMSCs. SATB2-modified BMSCs transplantation could prevent trabecular bone loss in an ovariectomized rat model. Collectively, our study revealed the role of SATB2 in stemness, senescence, and osteogenesis of OVX-BMSCs. These results indicate that estrogen prevents osteoporosis by promoting stemness and osteogenesis, and inhibiting senescence of BMSCs through an ERβ-SATB2 pathway. Therefore, SATB2 is a novel anti-osteoporosis target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Rongyao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Role of estrogen receptor beta in neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10428-E10437. [PMID: 29133394 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714094114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to propagate mature cells and tissue from pluripotent stem cells offers enormous promise for treating many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Before such cells can be used successfully in neurodegenerative diseases without causing unwanted cell growth and migration, genes regulating growth and migration of neural stem cells need to be well characterized. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is essential for migration of neurons and glial cells in the developing mouse brain. To examine whether ERβ influences differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) into neural lineages, we compared control and ERβ knockout (BERKO) mESCs at defined stages of neural development and examined the effects of an ERβ-selective ligand (LY3201) with a combination of global and targeted gene-expression profiling and the expression of key pluripotency markers. We found that ERβ was induced in embryoid bodies (EBs) and neural precursor cells (NPCs) during development. Proliferation was higher in BERKO NPCs and was inhibited by LY3201. Neurogenesis was reduced in BERKO ES cells, and oligodendrogliogenesis was enhanced. BERKO EBs expressed higher levels of key ectodermal and neural progenitor markers and lower levels of markers for mesoderm and endoderm lineages. ERβ-regulated factors are involved in cell adhesion, axon guidance, and signaling of Notch and GABA receptor pathways, as well as factors important for the differentiation of neuronal precursors into dopaminergic neurons (Engrailed 1) and for the oligodendrocyte fate acquisition (Olig2). Our data suggest that ERβ is an important component for differentiation into midbrain neurons as well as for preventing precocious oligodendrogliogenesis.
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25
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Tarallo R, Giurato G, Bruno G, Ravo M, Rizzo F, Salvati A, Ricciardi L, Marchese G, Cordella A, Rocco T, Gigantino V, Pierri B, Cimmino G, Milanesi L, Ambrosino C, Nyman TA, Nassa G, Weisz A. The nuclear receptor ERβ engages AGO2 in regulation of gene transcription, RNA splicing and RISC loading. Genome Biol 2017; 18:189. [PMID: 29017520 PMCID: PMC5634881 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RNA-binding protein Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is a key effector of RNA-silencing pathways It exerts a pivotal role in microRNA maturation and activity and can modulate chromatin remodeling, transcriptional gene regulation and RNA splicing. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is endowed with oncosuppressive activities, antagonizing hormone-induced carcinogenesis and inhibiting growth and oncogenic functions in luminal-like breast cancers (BCs), where its expression correlates with a better prognosis of the disease. RESULTS Applying interaction proteomics coupled to mass spectrometry to characterize nuclear factors cooperating with ERβ in gene regulation, we identify AGO2 as a novel partner of ERβ in human BC cells. ERβ-AGO2 association was confirmed in vitro and in vivo in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and is shown to be RNA-mediated. ChIP-Seq demonstrates AGO2 association with a large number of ERβ binding sites, and total and nascent RNA-Seq in ERβ + vs ERβ - cells, and before and after AGO2 knock-down in ERβ + cells, reveals a widespread involvement of this factor in ERβ-mediated regulation of gene transcription rate and RNA splicing. Moreover, isolation and sequencing by RIP-Seq of ERβ-associated long and small RNAs in the cytoplasm suggests involvement of the nuclear receptor in RISC loading, indicating that it may also be able to directly control mRNA translation efficiency and stability. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that AGO2 can act as a pleiotropic functional partner of ERβ, indicating that both factors are endowed with multiple roles in the control of key cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bruno
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Luca Ricciardi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Rocco
- Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Valerio Gigantino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Pierri
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Sciences, University of Campania'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segregate, MI, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- IRGS Biogem, Ariano Irpino, AV, Italy
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 1, 84081, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
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26
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Okazaki H, Takeda S, Matsuo S, Matsumoto M, Furuta E, Kohro-Ikeda E, Aramaki H. Inhibitory modulation of human estrogen receptor α and β activities by dicyclohexyl phthalate in human breast cancer cell lines. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:417-425. [PMID: 28717100 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are man-made compounds that are used widely in industry, and the ubiquitous exposure of humans to PAEs has been reported. Although some PAEs have been suggested to function as xenoestrogens in in vitro systems, such as human estrogen receptors (ERs) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, few studies have attempted to elucidate whether PAEs affect human ERα/ERβ-mediated signaling in human breast cancer cells (i.e., combination between human ERs and human cells). Thus, further experiments are needed in order to clarify the activities of PAEs. Among the 9 PAEs (carbon# in the side chains: 2-8) investigated, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dipentyl phthalate (DPENP), and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) were found to exhibit strong anti-estrogenic activities in MCF-7 cells (ER-positive) in the presence of 1 nM 17β-estradiol (E2). Since limited information is currently available on DPENP and DCHP, we herein focused on these two PAEs. Experiments using MDA-MB-231 cells (ER-negative) transfected with human ERα or ERβ expression plasmids revealed that DCHP was a markedly stronger anti-estrogenic PAE than DPENP; DCHP inhibited ERα and ERβ activities stimulated by 1 nM E2 with IC50 values of ~5 and 11.2 µM, respectively. Furthermore, DCHP abrogated diarylpropionitrile (DPN)-stimulated ERβ activity with an IC50 value of 5.17 µM, which was approximately 2-fold stronger than that of DPENP (IC50 = 10 µM). The results of the present study suggest that PAEs (DCHP) function not only as an anti-estrogen for ERα, but also for ERβ, at least in human breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuso Takeda
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University (HIU)
| | - Saki Matsuo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | | | - Erika Furuta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
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27
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Ogawa M, Kitano T, Kawata N, Sugihira T, Kitakaze T, Harada N, Yamaji R. Daidzein down-regulates ubiquitin-specific protease 19 expression through estrogen receptor β and increases skeletal muscle mass in young female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 49:63-70. [PMID: 28886438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 19 (USP19) is a key player in the negative regulation of muscle mass during muscle atrophy. Loss-of-function approaches demonstrate that 17β-estradiol (E2) increases USP19 expression through estrogen receptor (ER) α and consequently decreases soleus muscle mass in young female mice under physiological conditions. Daidzein is one of the main isoflavones in soy, and activates ERβ-dependent transcription. Here, we investigated the effects of daidzein on E2-increased USP19 expression and E2-decreased soleus muscle mass in young female mice. Daidzein stimulated the transcriptional activity of ERβ in murine C2C12 cells and down-regulated USP19 expression. Consistently, daidzein inhibited E2-induced USP19 expression in a reporter activity using a functional half-estrogen response element (hERE) from Usp19. Daidzein inhibited E2-induced recruitment of ERα and promoted recruitment of ERβ to the Usp19 hERE. Dietary daidzein down-regulated the expression of USP19 at the mRNA and protein levels and increased soleus muscle mass in female mice, but not in males. In soleus muscle from ovariectomized (OVX) female mice, dietary daidzein inhibited E2-increased USP19 mRNA expression and E2-decreased muscle mass. Furthermore, E2 induced the recruitment of ERα and ERβ to the hERE, whereas daidzein inhibited E2-induced recruitment of ERα, and enhanced E2-increased recruitment of ERβ, to the Usp19 hERE. These results demonstrate that dietary daidzein decreases USP19 mRNA expression through ERβ and increases soleus muscle mass in young female mice, but not in male mice, under physiological conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Cell Line
- Dietary Supplements
- Endopeptidases
- Enzyme Repression
- Estrogen Receptor beta/agonists
- Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, Reporter
- Isoflavones/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/enzymology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/pathology
- Ovariectomy/adverse effects
- Phytoestrogens/therapeutic use
- Random Allocation
- Response Elements
- Sarcopenia/etiology
- Sarcopenia/metabolism
- Sarcopenia/pathology
- Sarcopenia/prevention & control
- Sex Characteristics
- Signal Transduction
- Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kitano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Natsuha Kawata
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugihira
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan.
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28
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Bado I, Gugala Z, Fuqua SAW, Zhang XHF. Estrogen receptors in breast and bone: from virtue of remodeling to vileness of metastasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4527-4537. [PMID: 28368409 PMCID: PMC5552443 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer. High rates of bone colonization in breast cancer, especially in the subtype expressing estrogen receptors (ERs), suggest tissue-specific proclivities for metastatic tumor formation. The mechanisms behind this subtype-specific organ-tropism remains largely elusive. Interestingly, as the major driver of ER+ breast cancer, ERs also have important roles in bone development and homeostasis. Thus, any agents targeting ER will also inevitably affect the microenvironment, which involves the osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Yet, how such microenvironmental effects are integrated with direct therapeutic responses of cancer cells remain poorly understood. Recent findings on ER mutations, especially their enrichment in bone metastasis, raised even more provocative questions on the role of ER in cancer-bone interaction. In this review, we evaluate the importance of ERs in bone metastasis and discuss new avenues of investigation for bone metastasis treatment based on current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bado
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Zbigniew Gugala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Suzanne A. W. Fuqua
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Xiang H.-F. Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030
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29
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Nelson AW, Groen AJ, Miller JL, Warren AY, Holmes KA, Tarulli GA, Tilley WD, Katzenellenbogen BS, Hawse JR, Gnanapragasam VJ, Carroll JS. Comprehensive assessment of estrogen receptor beta antibodies in cancer cell line models and tissue reveals critical limitations in reagent specificity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:138-150. [PMID: 27889472 PMCID: PMC5228587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor-β (ERβ) has been implicated in many cancers. In prostate and breast cancer its function is controversial, but genetic studies implicate a role in cancer progression. Much of the confusion around ERβ stems from antibodies that are inadequately validated, yet have become standard tools for deciphering its role. Using an ERβ-inducible cell system we assessed commonly utilized ERβ antibodies and show that one of the most commonly used antibodies, NCL-ER-BETA, is non-specific for ERβ. Other antibodies have limited ERβ specificity or are only specific in one experimental modality. ERβ is commonly studied in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) cancer cell lines, but we found no ERβ expression in either, using validated antibodies and independent mass spectrometry-based approaches. Our findings question conclusions made about ERβ using the NCL-ER-BETA antibody, or LNCaP and MCF-7 cell lines. We describe robust reagents, which detect ERβ across multiple experimental approaches and in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Nelson
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK; Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arnoud J Groen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Jodi L Miller
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kelly A Holmes
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Hanson Institute Building, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John R Hawse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK.
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30
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Ferrari LF, Araldi D, Levine JD. Regulation of Expression of Hyperalgesic Priming by Estrogen Receptor α in the Rat. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:574-582. [PMID: 28089711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperalgesic priming, a sexually dimorphic model of transition to chronic pain, is expressed as prolongation of prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia by the activation of an additional pathway including an autocrine mechanism at the plasma membrane. The autocrine mechanism involves the transport of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the extracellular space, and its conversion to AMP and adenosine, by ecto-5'phosphodiesterase and ecto-5'nucleotidase, respectively. The end product, adenosine, activates A1 receptors, producing delayed onset prolongation of prostaglandin E2 hyperalgesia. We tested the hypothesis that the previously reported, estrogen-dependent, sexual dimorphism observed in the induction of priming is present in the mechanisms involved in its expression, as a regulatory effect on ecto-5'nucleotidase by estrogen receptor α (EsRα), in female rats. In the primed paw AMP hyperalgesia was dependent on conversion to adenosine, being prevented by ecto-5'nucleotidase inhibitor α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt and A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. To investigate an interaction between EsRα and ecto-5'nucleotidase, we treated primed female rats with oligodeoxynucleotide antisense or mismatch against EsRα messenger RNA. Whereas in rats treated with antisense AMP-induced hyperalgesia was abolished, the A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentiladenosine still produced hyperalgesia. Thus, EsRα interacts with this autocrine pathway at the level of ecto-5'nucleotidase. These results demonstrate a sexually dimorphic mechanism for the expression of priming. PERSPECTIVE This study presents evidence of an estrogen-dependent mechanism of expression of chronic pain in female rats, supporting the suggestion that differential targets must be considered when establishing protocols for the treatment of painful conditions in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Ferrari
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Mitrović N, Guševac I, Drakulić D, Stanojlović M, Zlatković J, Sévigny J, Horvat A, Nedeljković N, Grković I. Regional and sex-related differences in modulating effects of female sex steroids on ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 235:100-107. [PMID: 27296672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN), a membrane rate-limiting enzyme of the purine catabolic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine involved in the regulation of many brain physiological and pathological processes. Since gender fundamentally determines hormonal milieu in the body and brain, it is reasonable to assume that sex differences in the activity of various signaling systems, including adenosine, may be generated by gonadal steroids. Thus, we examined expression of eN as a component of adenosine signaling system in the basal state in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of male and female rats at gene, protein and functional level, as well as in the state of gonadal hormone deprivation, induced by ovariectomy (OVX), whereas impact of steroid hormones was explored after repeated administration of 17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol and progesterone for seven consecutive days. Results showed regional and sex-related differences in basal eN activity level, with the highest AMP hydrolysis observed in the hippocampus of male rats. Furthermore, ovarian steroids do not contribute to basal gene eN expression or the activity in cortical and hippocampal region of female rats. However, protein eN expression was increased in OVX rats in both investigated region. Investigated exogenous steroids had no influence on eN expression in male brain, while in OVX females alterations in eN activity were induced. The observed effects in female rats were different between examined regions e.g. in cortex, applied treatments predominantly decreased whereas in hippocampus increased eN activity. Based on the presented results, eN exerts regional and sex-related response in basal state as well as after treatment with female gonadal hormones, however the exact mechanisms of sex steroids actions on eN remain unclear and should be fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Guševac
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dunja Drakulić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Stanojlović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Zlatković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, G1V 4G2 QC, Canada
| | - Anica Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Smirnova OV. Competitive Agonists and Antagonists of Steroid Nuclear Receptors: Evolution of the Concept or Its Reversal. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1227-34. [PMID: 26567566 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791510003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms displaying pure and mixed steroid agonist/antagonist activity as well as principles underlying in vivo action of selective steroid receptor modulators dependent on tissue or cell type including interaction with various types of nuclear receptors are analyzed in this work. Mechanisms of in vitro action for mixed agonist/antagonist steroids are discussed depending on: specific features of their interaction with receptor hormone-binding pocket; steroid-dependent allosteric modulation of interaction between hormone-receptor complex and hormone response DNA elements; features of interacting hormone-receptor complex with protein transcriptional coregulators; level and tissue-specific composition of transcriptional coregulators. A novel understanding regarding context-selective modulators replacing the concept of steroid agonists and antagonists is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Smirnova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Yuan B, Cheng L, Gupta K, Chiang HC, Gupta HB, Sareddy GR, Wang D, Lathrop K, Elledge R, Wang P, McHardy S, Vadlamudi R, Curiel TJ, Hu Y, Ye Q, Li R. Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates ERβ ubiquitination, protein turnover, and inhibition of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:42585-42597. [PMID: 27323858 PMCID: PMC5173158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike estrogen receptor α (ERα) that predominantly promotes hormone-dependent breast tumor growth, ERβ exhibits antitumor effects in a variety of cancer types. We recently identified a phosphotyrosine residue in ERβ, but not ERα, that dictates ERβ transcriptional activity and antitumor function. We show here that this ER isotype-specific phosphotyrosine switch is important for regulating ERβ activity in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. At the mechanistic level, phosphorylated ERβ, which recruits transcriptional coactivator p300, is in turn targeted by p300 for ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent protein turnover. Furthermore, ERβ-specific agonists such as S-equol enhance ERβ phosphorylation, suggesting a crosstalk between ligand- and posttranslational modification-dependent ERβ activation. Inhibition of xenograft tumor growth by S-equol is associated with reduced tumor Ki-67 expression and elevated ERβ tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, our data support the notion that phosphotyrosine-dependent ERβ signaling is an attractive target for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kshama Gupta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Huai-Chin Chiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harshita B. Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Degeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kate Lathrop
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Richard Elledge
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stanton McHardy
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ratna Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kimmel M, Clive M, Gispen F, Guintivano J, Brown T, Cox O, Beckmann MW, Kornhuber J, Fasching PA, Osborne LM, Binder E, Payne JL, Kaminsky Z. Oxytocin receptor DNA methylation in postpartum depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 69:150-60. [PMID: 27108164 PMCID: PMC7152506 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is a key regulator of stress and anxiety and may be regulated by both psychosocial risk factors and gonadal hormones, making it an attractive candidate for study in postpartum depression (PPD). The objective of this study was to investigate both serum hormone and PPD specific DNA methylation variation in the OXTR. Illumina HM450 microarray data generated in a prospective PPD cohort identified significant associations (P=0.014) with PPD in an intronic region in the OXTR located 4bp proximal to an estrogen receptor (ER) binding region. Pyrosequencing confirmed moderate evidence for an interaction of CpGs in the region with childhood abuse status to mediate PPD. These CpGs located on chr3 at positions 8810078 and 8810069 exhibited significant associations with postpartum depression scores from an independent cohort of 240 women with no prior psychiatric history. Hormone analysis suggested a PPD specific negative correlation of DNA methylation in the region with serum estradiol levels. Estradiol levels and OXTR DNA methylation exhibited a significant interaction to associate with the ratio of allopregnanolone to progesterone. Cumulatively, the data corroborate our previous hypotheses of a PPD specific increased sensitivity of epigenetic reprogramming at estrogen target genes and suggests that OXTR epigenetic variation may be an important mediator of mood relevant neuroactive steroid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kimmel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Makena Clive
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Fiona Gispen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jerry Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tori Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Olivia Cox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lauren M. Osborne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elisabeth Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Payne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zachary Kaminsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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35
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Pan S, Yuan C, Tagmount A, Rudel RA, Ackerman JM, Yaswen P, Vulpe CD, Leitman DC. Parabens and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligand Cross-Talk in Breast Cancer Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:563-9. [PMID: 26502914 PMCID: PMC4858398 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenoestrogens are synthetic compounds that mimic endogenous estrogens by binding to and activating estrogen receptors. Exposure to estrogens and to some xenoestrogens has been associated with cell proliferation and an increased risk of breast cancer. Despite evidence of estrogenicity, parabens are among the most widely used xenoestrogens in cosmetics and personal-care products and are generally considered safe. However, previous cell-based studies with parabens do not take into account the signaling cross-talk between estrogen receptor α (ERα) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. OBJECTIVES We investigated the hypothesis that the potency of parabens can be increased with HER ligands, such as heregulin (HRG). METHODS The effects of HER ligands on paraben activation of c-Myc expression and cell proliferation were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in ERα- and HER2-positive human BT-474 breast cancer cells. RESULTS Butylparaben (BP) and HRG produced a synergistic increase in c-Myc mRNA and protein levels in BT-474 cells. Estrogen receptor antagonists blocked the synergistic increase in c-Myc protein levels. The combination of BP and HRG also stimulated proliferation of BT-474 cells compared with the effects of BP alone. HRG decreased the dose required for BP-mediated stimulation of c-Myc mRNA expression and cell proliferation. HRG caused the phosphorylation of serine 167 in ERα. BP and HRG produced a synergistic increase in ERα recruitment to the c-Myc gene. CONCLUSION Our results show that HER ligands enhanced the potency of BP to stimulate oncogene expression and breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro via ERα, suggesting that parabens might be active at exposure levels not previously considered toxicologically relevant from studies testing their effects in isolation. CITATION Pan S, Yuan C, Tagmount A, Rudel RA, Ackerman JM, Yaswen P, Vulpe CD, Leitman DC. 2016. Parabens and human epidermal growth factor receptor ligand cross-talk in breast cancer cells. Environ Health Perspect 124:563-569; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Pan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Chaoshen Yuan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Abderrahmane Tagmount
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Yaswen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Chris D. Vulpe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dale C. Leitman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Address correspondence to D.C. Leitman, University of California, Berkeley, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, 44 Morgan Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Telephone: (510) 642-6490. E-mail:
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36
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Polymorphisms and genes associated with puberty in heifers. Theriogenology 2016; 86:333-9. [PMID: 27238439 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Puberty onset is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic determinants and environmental conditions, especially nutritional status. Genes, genetic variations, and regulatory networks compose the molecular basis of achieving puberty. In this article, we reviewed the discovery of multiple polymorphisms and genes associated with heifer puberty phenotypes and discuss the opportunities to use this evolving knowledge of genetic determinants for breeding early pubertal Bos indicus-influenced cattle. The discovery of polymorphisms and genes was mainly achieved through candidate gene studies, quantitative trait loci analyses, genome-wide association studies, and recently, global gene expression studies (transcriptome). These studies are recapitulated and summarized in the current review.
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Mitrović N, Zarić M, Drakulić D, Martinović J, Stanojlović M, Sévigny J, Horvat A, Nedeljković N, Grković I. 17β-Estradiol upregulates ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in hippocampal synaptosomes of female rats through action mediated by estrogen receptor-α and -β. Neuroscience 2016; 324:286-96. [PMID: 26987957 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) crucially affects several processes in the hippocampus of both sexes. E2 acts upon estradiol receptors ERα and ERβ, influencing target gene expression and/or modulates intracellular signaling cascades. Another potent modulator of hippocampal function is nucleoside adenosine, the final product of ectonucleotidase cascade, enzymes which hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine. The last and rate-limiting step of the hydrolysis is catalyzed by membrane-bound ecto-5'-nucleotidase (eN). Previous findings obtained on adenosine metabolism in brain suggest that eN may be modulated by ovarian steroids. Therefore, the present study reports that the activity and protein abundance of membrane-bound eN fluctuates across the estrus cycle in the hippocampal synaptosomes of female rats. Further, we analyzed the role of E2 and its intracellular receptors on the expression of eN in ovariectomized females. We found that E2 upregulated eN activity and protein abundance in the hippocampal synaptosomes. Application of nonspecific ER antagonist, ICI 182,780 and selective ERα and ERβ agonists, PPT and DPN, respectively, demonstrated the involvement of both receptor subtypes in observed actions. Selective ERα receptor agonist, PPT, induced upregulation of both the protein level and activity of eN, while application of selective ERβ receptor agonist, DPN, increased only the activity of eN. In both cases, E2 entered into the intracellular compartment and activated ER(s), which was demonstrated by membrane impermeable E2-BSA conjugate. Together these results imply that E2-induced effects on connectivity and functional properties of the hippocampal synapses may be in part mediated through observed effect on eN.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Zarić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Drakulić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Martinović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Stanojlović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, G1V 4G2 QC, Canada
| | - A Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Nedeljković
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Nalvarte I, Töhönen V, Lindeberg M, Varshney M, Gustafsson JÅ, Inzunza J. Estrogen receptor β controls MMP-19 expression in mouse ovaries during ovulation. Reproduction 2015; 151:253-9. [PMID: 26700939 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ/ESR2) has a central role in mouse ovaries, as ERβ knockout (BERKO) mice are subfertile due to an increase in fibrosis around the maturing follicle and a decrease in blood supply. This has a consequence that these follicles rarely rupture to release the mature oocyte. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are modulators of the extracellular matrix, and the expression of one specific MMP, MMP-19, is normally increased in granulosa cells during their maturation until ovulation. In this study, we demonstrate that MMP-19 levels are downregulated in BERKO mouse ovaries. Using human MCF-7 cells that overexpress ERβ, we could identify MMP-19 to be a transcriptional target of ligand-bound activated ERβ acting on a specificity protein-1 binding site. These data provide a molecular explanation for the observed follicle rupture defect that contributes to the subfertility of female BERKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Maria Lindeberg
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Mukesh Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
| | - José Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Huddinge, SwedenCenter for Nuclear Receptors and SignalingUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5056, USA
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Stellato C, Porreca I, Cuomo D, Tarallo R, Nassa G, Ambrosino C. The “busy life” of unliganded estrogen receptors. Proteomics 2015; 16:288-300. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stellato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | | | - Danila Cuomo
- Department of Science and Technology; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
- Biogem scarl; Ariano Irpino (AV); Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics; Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Salerno; Baronissi Salerno Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology; University of Sannio; Benevento Italy
- Biogem scarl; Ariano Irpino (AV); Italy
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40
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Klinge CM. miRNAs regulated by estrogens, tamoxifen, and endocrine disruptors and their downstream gene targets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:273-97. [PMID: 25659536 PMCID: PMC4523495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (22 nucleotides), single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that form complimentary base-pairs with the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and block translation and/or stimulate mRNA transcript degradation. The non-coding miRBase (release 21, June 2014) reports that human genome contains ∼ 2588 mature miRNAs which regulate ∼ 60% of human protein-coding mRNAs. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in estrogen-related diseases including breast cancer and endometrial cancer. The mechanism for estrogen regulation of miRNA expression and the role of estrogen-regulated miRNAs in normal homeostasis, reproduction, lactation, and in cancer is an area of great research and clinical interest. Estrogens regulate miRNA transcription through estrogen receptors α and β in a tissue-specific and cell-dependent manner. This review focuses primarily on the regulation of miRNA expression by ligand-activated ERs and their bona fide gene targets and includes miRNA regulation by tamoxifen and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in breast cancer and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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41
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Pinceti E, Shults CL, Rao YS, Mott NN, Pak TR. Phosphorylation Alters Oestrogen Receptor β-Mediated Transcription in Neurones. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:861-71. [PMID: 26440063 PMCID: PMC4661120 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear steroid hormone receptors are ubiquitously expressed transcription factors whose activity can be altered by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation. The consequences of post-translational modifications have been described for several members of the nuclear steroid hormone receptor superfamily; however, little is known about the effects of oestrogen receptor (ER)β phosphorylation in the brain. Moreover, to our knowledge, the presence of phosphorylated ERβ has not been detected in the brain of any species to date. Oestrogen receptor β is highly expressed in several regions of the brain and in vitro studies have demonstrated that it can be phosphorylated at two serine residues (S87 and S105) in the N-terminal AF-1 region. The present study aimed to determine whether phosphorylated ERβ is detectable in the hippocampus of aged female rats, as well as the functional consequences of ERβ S87 and S105 phosphorylation on transcriptional activity in neuronal cells. First, we used a novel PhosTag(™) approach to detect phosphorylated forms of ERβ in the dorsal hippocampus of aged female rats. The data obtained demonstrated abundant forms of phosphorylated ERβ in the dorsal hippocampus, suggesting that this post-translational modification might be an important regulator of ERβ function. To assess the functional consequences of ERβ phosphorylation in neuronal cells, we created phospho-mimetic (S87E, S105E) and phospho-null (S87A, S105A) ERβ receptors that were transiently transfected in a hippocampal-derived cell line. Collectively, our results showed that phosphorylation of S87 and S105 altered both ligand-independent and ligand-dependent ERβ transcriptional regulation. Overall, these data demonstrate that phosphorylated forms of ERβ are present in the brain of aged female rats and that phosphorylation of ERβ could differentially alter ERβ-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pinceti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - C L Shults
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Y S Rao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - N N Mott
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - T R Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
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Franco-Chuaire ML, Ramírez-Clavijo S, Chuaire-Noack L. Pigment epithelium-derived factor: clinical significance in estrogen-dependent tissues and its potential in cancer therapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:837-55. [PMID: 26523216 PMCID: PMC4620182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a glycoprotein that belongs to the family of non-inhibitory serpins. The broad spectrum of PEDF biological activity is evident when considering its effects in promoting cell survival and proliferation, as well as its antiangiogenic, antitumor, and anti-metastatic properties. Although the structural domains of the PEDF gene that mediate such diverse effects and their mechanisms of action have not been completely elucidated, there is a large body of evidence describing their diverse range of activities; this evidence combined with the regulation of PEDF expression by sex steroids and their receptors have led to the idea that PEDF is not only a diagnostic and prognostic marker for certain diseases such as cancer, but is also a potential therapeutic target. In this manner, this paper aims to generally review the regulation of PEDF expression and PEDF interactions, as well as the findings that relate PEDF to the role of estrogens and estrogen receptors. In addition, this manuscript will review major advances toward potential therapeutic applications of PEDF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Ramírez-Clavijo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Lilian Chuaire-Noack
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia,Corresponding author: Lilian Chuaire-Noack. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia; Tel: 57(1) 2970200; ext 4021;
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Teng Y, Radde BN, Litchfield LM, Ivanova MM, Prough RA, Clark BJ, Doll MA, Hein DW, Klinge CM. Dehydroepiandrosterone Activation of G-protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor Rapidly Stimulates MicroRNA-21 Transcription in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15799-15811. [PMID: 25969534 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.641167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the regulation of the oncomiR miR-21 in liver. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) regulates gene expression as a ligand for a G-protein-coupled receptor and as a precursor for steroids that activate nuclear receptor signaling. We report that 10 nm DHEA increases primary miR-21 (pri-miR-21) transcription and mature miR-21 expression in HepG2 cells in a biphasic manner with an initial peak at 1 h followed by a second, sustained response from 3-12 h. DHEA also increased miR-21 in primary human hepatocytes and Hep3B cells. siRNA, antibody, and inhibitor studies suggest that the rapid DHEA-mediated increase in miR-21 involves a G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30), estrogen receptor α-36 (ERα36), epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent, pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway requiring activation of c-Src, ERK1/2, and PI3K. GPER antagonist G-15 attenuated DHEA- and BSA-conjugated DHEA-stimulated pri-miR-21 transcription. Like DHEA, GPER agonists G-1 and fulvestrant increased pri-miR-21 in a GPER- and ERα36-dependent manner. DHEA, like G-1, increased GPER and ERα36 mRNA and protein levels. DHEA increased ERK1/2 and c-Src phosphorylation in a GPER-responsive manner. DHEA increased c-Jun, but not c-Fos, protein expression after 2 h. DHEA increased androgen receptor, c-Fos, and c-Jun recruitment to the miR-21 promoter. These results suggest that physiological concentrations of DHEA activate a GPER intracellular signaling cascade that increases pri-miR-21 transcription mediated at least in part by AP-1 and androgen receptor miR-21 promoter interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Brandie N Radde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292.
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Estrogen receptor β exon 3-deleted mouse: The importance of non-ERE pathways in ERβ signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5135-40. [PMID: 25848008 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504944112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1998, an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) knockout (KO) mouse was created by interrupting the gene at the DNA binding domain (DBD) with a neocassette. The mutant females were subfertile and there were abnormalities in the brain, prostate, lung, colon, and immune system. In 2008, another ERβ mutant mouse was generated by deleting ERβ exon 3 which encodes the first zinc finger in the DBD. The female mice of this strain were unable to ovulate but were otherwise normal. The differences in the phenotypes of the two KO strains, have led to questions about the physiological function of ERβ. In the present study, we created an ERβ exon 3-deleted mouse (ERβ-Δex3) and confirmed that the only observable defect was anovulation. Despite the two in-frame stop codons introduced by splicing between exons 2 and 4, an ERβ protein was expressed in nuclei of prostate epithelial cells. Using two different anti-ERβ antibodies, we showed that an in-frame ligand binding domain and C terminus were present in the ERβ-Δex3 protein. Moreover, with nuclear extracts from ERβ-Δex3 prostates, there was an ERβ-dependent retardation of migration of activator protein-1 response elements in EMSA. Unlike the original knockout mouse, expression of Ki67, androgen receptor, and Dachshund-1 in prostate epithelium was not altered in the ERβ-Δex3 mouse. We conclude that very little of ERβ transcriptional activity depends on binding to classical estrogen response elements (EREs).
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Ko J, Bao C, Park HC, Kim M, Choi HK, Kim YS, Lee HJ. β-Thujaplicin modulates estrogen receptor signaling and inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1011-7. [PMID: 25666914 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1008978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
β-Thujaplicin, one of the major constituents in Chamaecyparis obtusa, has been demonstrated to exert different health beneficial efficacy, but the role of β-thujaplicin in regulating mammary tumorigenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we found that β-thujaplicin significantly suppressed the proliferation through arresting the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase as well as inhibited the expression of cell cycle-related proteins, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in MCF-7 and T47D luminal subtype breast cancer cells. In addition, estrogen receptor α (ER-α) was down-regulated by β-thujaplicin via enhanced proteolysis by ubiquitination, which led to cell growth inhibition. These results suggest that β-thujaplicin may be considered as a potent agent regulating the hormone sensitive mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Ko
- a Department of Food Science and Technology , Chung-Ang University , Anseong , South Korea
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46
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Liu Z, Gou Y, Zhang H, Zuo H, Zhang H, Liu Z, Yao D. Estradiol improves cardiovascular function through up-regulation of SOD2 on vascular wall. Redox Biol 2014; 3:88-99. [PMID: 25462070 PMCID: PMC4297935 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that estrogens have protective effects in cardiovascular diseases, even though the results from human clinical trials remain controversial, while most of the animal experiments confirmed this effect, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that estradiol (E2) treatment significantly increases the expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in mice and in vitro in human aorta endothelial cells. Further investigation shows that E2 up-regulates SOD2 through tethering of estrogen receptor (ER) to Sp1 and the increased binding of Sp1 to GC-box on the SOD2 promoter, where ERα responses E2-mediated gene activation, and ERβ maintains basal gene expression level. The E2/ER-mediated SOD2 up-regulation results in minimized ROS generation, which highly favors healthy cardiovascular function. Gene therapy through lentivirus-carried endothelium-specific delivery to the vascular wall in high-fat diet (HFT) mice shows that the SOD2 expression in endothelial cells normalizes E2 deficiency-induced ROS generation with ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular damage, while SOD2 knockdown worsens the problem despite the presence of E2, indicating that E2-induced SOD2 expression plays an important vasculoprotective role. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the mechanism by which E2 improves cardiovascular function through up-regulation of SOD2 in endothelial cells. In turn, this suggests a novel gene therapy through lentivirus-carried gene delivery to vascular wall for E2 deficiency-induced cardiovascular damage in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Liu
- Internal Medicine of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yulan Gou
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, #215 Zhongshan Road, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University ShenZhen Hospital, ShenZhen 518036, PR China
| | - Houjuan Zuo
- Internal Medicine of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Haimou Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhengxiang Liu
- Internal Medicine of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Dachun Yao
- Internal Medicine of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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47
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Gong P, Madak-Erdogan Z, Li J, Cheng J, Greenlief CM, Helferich W, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS. Transcriptomic analysis identifies gene networks regulated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ that control distinct effects of different botanical estrogens. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2014; 12:e001. [PMID: 25363786 PMCID: PMC4193135 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ mediate the actions of endogenous estrogens as well as those of botanical estrogens (BEs) present in plants. BEs are ingested in the diet and also widely consumed by postmenopausal women as dietary supplements, often as a substitute for the loss of endogenous estrogens at menopause. However, their activities and efficacies, and similarities and differences in gene expression programs with respect to endogenous estrogens such as estradiol (E2) are not fully understood. Because gene expression patterns underlie and control the broad physiological effects of estrogens, we have investigated and compared the gene networks that are regulated by different BEs and by E2. Our aim was to determine if the soy and licorice BEs control similar or different gene expression programs and to compare their gene regulations with that of E2. Gene expression was examined by RNA-Seq in human breast cancer (MCF7) cells treated with control vehicle, BE or E2. These cells contained three different complements of ERs, ERα only, ERα+ERβ, or ERβ only, reflecting the different ratios of these two receptors in different human breast cancers and in different estrogen target cells. Using principal component, hierarchical clustering, and gene ontology and interactome analyses, we found that BEs regulated many of the same genes as did E2. The genes regulated by each BE, however, were somewhat different from one another, with some genes being regulated uniquely by each compound. The overlap with E2 in regulated genes was greatest for the soy isoflavones genistein and S-equol, while the greatest difference from E2 in gene expression pattern was observed for the licorice root BE liquiritigenin. The gene expression pattern of each ligand depended greatly on the cell background of ERs present. Despite similarities in gene expression pattern with E2, the BEs were generally less stimulatory of genes promoting proliferation and were more pro-apoptotic in their gene regulations than E2. The distinctive patterns of gene regulation by the individual BEs and E2 may underlie differences in the activities of these soy and licorice-derived BEs in estrogen target cells containing different levels of the two ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jilong Li
- Botanical Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Botanical Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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Teng Y, Litchfield LM, Ivanova MM, Prough RA, Clark BJ, Klinge CM. Dehydroepiandrosterone-induces miR-21 transcription in HepG2 cells through estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:23-36. [PMID: 24845419 PMCID: PMC4074919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although oncomiR miR-21 is highly expressed in liver and overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its regulation is uncharacterized. We examined the effect of physiologically relevant nanomolar concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) on miR-21 expression in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. 10nM DHEA and DHEA-S increase pri-miR-21 transcription in HepG2 cells. Dietary DHEA increased miR-21 in vivo in mouse liver. siRNA and inhibitor studies suggest that DHEA-S requires desulfation for activity and that DHEA-induced pri-miR-21 transcription involves metabolism to androgen and estrogen receptor (AR and ER) ligands. Activation of ERβ and AR by DHEA metabolites androst-5-ene-3,17-dione (ADIONE), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (ADIOL), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-Adiol) increased miR-21 transcription. DHEA-induced miR-21 increased cell proliferation and decreased Pdcd4 protein, a bona fide miR-21. Estradiol (E2) inhibited miR-21 expression via ERα. DHEA increased ERβ and AR recruitment to the miR-21 promoter within the VMP1/TMEM49 gene, with possible significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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49
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Guintivano J, Arad M, Gould TD, Payne JL, Kaminsky ZA. Antenatal prediction of postpartum depression with blood DNA methylation biomarkers. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:560-7. [PMID: 23689534 PMCID: PMC7039252 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) affects ∼10-18% of women in the general population and results in serious consequences to both the mother and offspring. We hypothesized that predisposition to PPD risk is due to an altered sensitivity to estrogen-mediated epigenetic changes that act in a cell autonomous manner detectable in the blood. We investigated estrogen-mediated epigenetic reprogramming events in the hippocampus and risk to PPD using a cross-species translational design. DNA methylation profiles were generated using methylation microarrays in a prospective sample of the blood from the antenatal period of pregnant mood disorder patients who would and would not develop depression postpartum. These profiles were cross-referenced with syntenic locations exhibiting hippocampal DNA methylation changes in the mouse responsive to long-term treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2). DNA methylation associated with PPD risk correlated significantly with E2-induced DNA methylation change, suggesting an enhanced sensitivity to estrogen-based DNA methylation reprogramming exists in those at risk for PPD. Using the combined mouse and human data, we identified two biomarker loci at the HP1BP3 and TTC9B genes that predicted PPD with an area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (area under the curve (AUC)) of 0.87 in antenatally euthymic women and 0.12 in a replication sample of antenatally depressed women. Incorporation of blood count data into the model accounted for the discrepancy and produced an AUC of 0.96 across both prepartum depressed and euthymic women. Pathway analyses demonstrated that DNA methylation patterns related to hippocampal synaptic plasticity may be of etiological importance to PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guintivano
- The Mood Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Arad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - TD Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JL Payne
- The Mood Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - ZA Kaminsky
- The Mood Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ruddy SC, Lau R, Cabrita MA, McGregor C, McKay BC, Murphy LC, Wright JS, Durst T, Pratt MC. Preferential Estrogen Receptor β Ligands Reduce Bcl-2 Expression in Hormone-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells to Increase Autophagy. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1882-93. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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