1
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Okabe M, Miyamoto Y, Ikoma Y, Takahashi M, Shirai R, Kukimoto-Niino M, Shirouzu M, Yamauchi J. RhoG-Binding Domain of Elmo1 Ameliorates Excessive Process Elongation Induced by Autism Spectrum Disorder-Associated Sema5A. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:548-566. [PMID: 38133141 PMCID: PMC10745971 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. ASD is characterized by poor interpersonal relationships and strong attachment. The correlations between activated or inactivated gene products, which occur as a result of genetic mutations affecting neurons in ASD patients, and ASD symptoms are now of critical concern. Here, for the first time, we describe the process in which that the respective ASD-associated mutations (Arg676-to-Cys [R676C] and Ser951-to-Cys [S951C]) of semaphorin-5A (Sema5A) localize Sema5A proteins themselves around the plasma membrane in the N1E-115 cell line, a model line that can achieve neuronal morphological differentiation. The expression of each mutated construct resulted in the promotion of excessive elongation of neurite-like processes with increased differentiation protein markers; R676C was more effective than S951C. The differentiated phenotypes were very partially neutralized by an antibody, against Plexin-B3 as the specific Sema5A receptor, suggesting that the effects of Sema5A act in an autocrine manner. R676C greatly increased the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), one of the signaling molecules underlying process elongation. In contrast, the blocking of JNK signaling, by a chemical JNK inhibitor or an inhibitory construct of the interaction of RhoG with Elmo1 as JNK upstream signaling molecules, recovered the excessive process elongation. These results suggest that ASD-associated mutations of Sema5A, acting through the JNK signaling cascade, lead to excessive differentiated phenotypes, and the inhibition of JNK signaling recovers them, revealing possible therapeutic targets for recovering the potential molecular and cellular phenotypes underlying certain ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Okabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikoma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Mikito Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan (M.S.)
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science,Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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2
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Dai L, Shen KF, Zhang CQ. Plexin-mediated neuronal development and neuroinflammatory responses in the nervous system. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:1239-1248. [PMID: 37170703 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plexins are a large family of single-pass transmembrane proteins that mediate semaphorin signaling in multiple systems. Plexins were originally characterized for their role modulating cytoskeletal activity to regulate axon guidance during nervous system development. Thereafter, different semaphorin-plexin complexes were identified in the nervous system that have diverse functions in neurons, astrocytes, glia, oligodendrocytes, and brain derived-tumor cells, providing unexpected but meaningful insights into the biological activities of this protein family. Here, we review the overall structure and relevant downstream signaling cascades of plexins. We consider the current knowledge regarding the function of semaphorin-plexin cascades in the nervous system, including the most recent data regarding their roles in neuronal development, neuroinflammation, and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Feng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Thomas R, Yang X. Semaphorins in immune cell function, inflammatory and infectious diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100060. [PMID: 37645659 PMCID: PMC10461194 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Semaphorin family is a group of proteins studied broadly for their functions in nervous systems. They consist of eight subfamilies ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates, invertebrates, and viruses and exist in membrane-bound or secreted forms. Emerging evidence indicates the relevance of semaphorins outside the nervous system, including angiogenesis, cardiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, tumour progression, and, more recently, the immune system. This review provides a broad overview of current knowledge on the role of semaphorins in the immune system, particularly its involvement in inflammatory and infectious diseases, including chlamydial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Thomas
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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4
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Le TT, Payne SL, Buckwald MN, Hayes LA, Parker SR, Burge CB, Oudin MJ. Sensory nerves enhance triple-negative breast cancer invasion and metastasis via the axon guidance molecule PlexinB3. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:116. [PMID: 36333352 PMCID: PMC9636220 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, nerve presence has been correlated with more invasive disease and worse prognosis, yet the mechanisms by which different types of peripheral nerves drive tumor progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified sensory nerves as more abundant in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors. Co-injection of sensory neurons isolated from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of adult female mice with human TNBC cells in immunocompromised mice increased the number of lung metastases. Direct in vitro co-culture of human TNBC cells with the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of adult female mice revealed that TNBC cells adhere to sensory neuron fibers leading to an increase in migration speed. Species-specific RNA sequencing revealed that co-culture of TNBC cells with sensory nerves upregulates the expression of genes associated with cell migration and adhesion in cancer cells. We demonstrated that lack of the semaphorin receptor PlexinB3 in cancer cells attenuate their adhesion to and migration on sensory nerves. Together, our results identify a mechanism by which nerves contribute to breast cancer migration and metastasis by inducing a shift in TNBC cell gene expression and support the rationale for disrupting neuron-cancer cell interactions to target metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh T Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Maia N Buckwald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Lily A Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Savannah R Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | | | - Madeleine J Oudin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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5
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Feng Z, Chen X, Li T, Gao H, Chen W, Gao Y, Yao Q, Zhuang Q, Ma X, Sheng W, Xie Y, Huang G. An X-linked PLXNB3 mutation identified in patients with congenital heart disease with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1852-1863. [PMID: 36506778 PMCID: PMC9732602 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and is often accompanied by neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) which increase the associated mortality. Plexin families are known to play a key role in the development of heart and the occurrence of neurodevelopmental anomalies. However, there has been no report of PLXNB3 mutation in isolated CHD or CHD with concomitant NDD. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on a proband with CHD with neurodevelopmental anomalies and his family members. Targeted sequencing, conservation analysis, AlphaFold, and PyRosetta were performed to identify more pathogenic mutations of PLXNB3. Scratch wound assay, Ki-67 assessment by flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis of heart development related pathway by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were conducted after 24 h transfection in AC16 and HEK293T to investigate the effect of the target mutation. RESULTS We identified a pathogenic mutation in the X-linked PLXNB3 gene (c.A4319T p.E1440V). In addition, we found 4 other pathogenic mutations in a cohort of 75 patients with sporadic CHD with NDD. AlphaFold and PyRosetta predicted that these 4 mutations could cause dramatic changes of the PLXNB3 protein structure (root-mean-square deviation score >10 Å). Further functional analysis revealed that this p.E1440V variant inhibits cell migration and proliferation, and affects the activity of key factors in the Notch signaling pathway, myocardial contraction pathway, and neurodevelopmental pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that PLXNB3 and the p.E1440V variant may be related to the pathogenesis of CHD associated with NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Feng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Quannan Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kuhlmann L, Govindarajan M, Mejia-Guerrero S, Ignatchenko V, Liu LY, Grünwald BT, Cruickshank J, Berman H, Khokha R, Kislinger T. Glycoproteomics Identifies Plexin-B3 as a Targetable Cell Surface Protein Required for the Growth and Invasion of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2224-2236. [PMID: 35981243 PMCID: PMC9442790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Driven by the lack of targeted therapies, triple-negative
breast cancers
(TNBCs) have the worst overall survival of all breast cancer subtypes.
Considering that cell surface proteins are favorable drug targets
and are predominantly glycosylated, glycoproteome profiling has significant
potential to facilitate the identification of much-needed drug targets
for TNBCs. Here, we performed N-glycoproteomics on
six TNBCs and five normal control (NC) cell lines using hydrazide-based
enrichment. Quantitative proteomics and integrative data mining led
to the discovery of Plexin-B3 (PLXNB3), a previously undescribed TNBC-enriched
cell surface protein. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9
editing of in vitro and in vivo models show that PLXNB3 is required
for TNBC cell line growth, invasion, and migration. Altogether, we
provide insights into N-glycoproteome remodeling
associated with TNBCs and functional evaluation of an extracted target,
which indicate the surface protein PLXNB3 as a potential therapeutic
target for TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuhlmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Meinusha Govindarajan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Salvador Mejia-Guerrero
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ignatchenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lydia Y Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Barbara T Grünwald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Cruickshank
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Hal Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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7
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Roberto GM, Emery G. Directing with restraint: Mechanisms of protrusion restriction in collective cell migrations. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:75-81. [PMID: 35397972 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is necessary for morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound healing and immune response. It is also involved in diseases. In particular, cell migration is inherent in metastasis. Cells can migrate individually or in groups. To migrate efficiently, cells need to be able to organize into a leading front that protrudes by forming membrane extensions and a trailing edge that contracts. This organization is scaled up at the group level during collective cell movements. If a cell or a group of cells is unable to limit its leading edge and hence to restrict the formation of protrusions to the front, directional movements are impaired or abrogated. Here we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms restricting protrusion formation in collective cell migration. We focus on three in vivo examples: the neural crest cell migration, the rotatory migration of follicle cells around the Drosophila egg chamber and the border cell migration during oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Molinari Roberto
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Vesicular Trafficking and Cell Signalling Research Unit, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown station, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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8
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Chen MZ, Su LY, Ko PH, Hsu MH, Chuang LL, Chen LH, Lu TP, Chuang EY, Chow LP, Tsai MH, Hsu HH, Lai LC. Extracellular domain of semaphorin 5A serves a tumor‑suppressing role by activating interferon signaling pathways in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:21. [PMID: 35059729 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A), which was originally identified as an axon guidance molecule in the nervous system, has been subsequently identified as a prognostic biomarker for lung cancer in nonsmoking women. SEMA5A acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. However, the regulatory mechanism of SEMA5A is not clear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to explore the roles of different domains of SEMA5A in its tumor‑suppressive effects in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. First, it was revealed that overexpression of full length SEMA5A or its extracellular domain significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of both A549 and H1299 cells using MTT, colony formation and gap closure assays. Next, microarray analyses were performed to identify genes regulated by different domains of SEMA5A. Among the differentially expressed genes, the most significant function of these genes that were enriched was the 'Interferon Signaling' pathway according to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The activation of the 'Interferon Signaling' pathway was validated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the extracellular domain of SEMA5A could upregulate genes in interferon signaling pathways, resulting in suppressive effects in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Yu Su
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pin-Hao Ko
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hsuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Ling Chuang
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Han Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lu-Ping Chow
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsao-Hsun Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan, R.O.C
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9
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He Y, Chen Y, Tong Y, Long W, Liu Q. Identification of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for exploring novel therapeutic options for glioma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11894. [PMID: 34434651 PMCID: PMC8351580 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is the most common brain neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Circular RNA (circRNA) and their associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network play critical roles in the pathogenesis of glioma. However, the alteration of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and its correlation with glioma therapy haven't been systematically analyzed. Methods With GEO, GEPIA2, circBank, CSCD, CircInteractome, mirWalk 2.0, and mirDIP 4.1, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in glioma. LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis established a hub mRNA signature to assess the prognosis. GSVA was used to estimate the immune infiltration level. Potential anti-glioma drugs were forecasted using the cMap database and evaluated with GSEA using GEO data. Results A ceRNA network of seven circRNAs (hsa_circ_0030788/0034182/0000227/ 0018086/0000229/0036592/0002765), 15 miRNAs(hsa-miR-1200/1205/1248/ 1303/3925-5p/5693/581/586/599/607/640/647/6867-5p/767-3p/935), and 46 mRNAs (including 11 hub genes of ARHGAP11A, DRP2, HNRNPA3, IGFBP5, IP6K2, KLF10, KPNA4, NRP2, PAIP1, RCN1, and SEMA5A) was constructed. Functional enrichment showed they influenced majority of the hallmarks of tumors. Eleven hub genes were proven to be decent prognostic signatures for glioma in both TCGA and CGGA datasets. Forty-six LASSO regression significant genes were closely related to immune infiltration. Finally, five compounds (fulvestrant, tanespimycin, mifepristone, tretinoin, and harman) were predicted as potential treatments for glioma. Among them, mifepristone and tretinoin were proven to inhibit the cell cycle and DNA repair in glioma. Conclusion This study highlights the potential pathogenesis of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and identifies novel therapeutic options for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Neurosurgery Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Neurosurgery Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Neurosurgery Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Roy PK, Rajesh Y, Mandal M. Therapeutic targeting of membrane-associated proteins in central nervous system tumors. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112760. [PMID: 34339674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the most complex system, the central nervous system (CNS) is profoundly regulated by a huge number of membrane-associated proteins (MAP). A minor change stimulates immense chemical changes and the elicited response is organized by MAP, which acts as a receptor of that chemical or channel enabling the flow of ions. Slight changes in the activity or expression of these MAPs lead to severe consequences such as cognitive disorders, memory loss, or cancer. CNS tumors are heterogeneous in nature and hard-to-treat due to random mutations in MAPs; like as overexpression of EGFRvIII/TGFβR/VEGFR, change in adhesion molecules α5β3 integrin/SEMA3A, imbalance in ion channel proteins, etc. Extensive research is under process for developing new therapeutic approaches using these proteins such as targeted cytotoxic radiotherapy, drug-delivery, and prodrug activation, blocking of receptors like GluA1, developing viral vector against cell surface receptor. The combinatorial approach of these strategies along with the conventional one might be more potential. Henceforth, our review focuses on in-depth analysis regarding MAPs aiming for a better understanding for developing an efficient therapeutic approach for targeting CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
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11
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Plexin-B3 Regulates Cellular Motility, Invasiveness, and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040818. [PMID: 33669221 PMCID: PMC7919786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plexins family of proteins are well-characterized transmembrane receptors of semaphorins, axon guidance cue molecules, that mediate the cell attraction or repelling effects for such cues. Plexins and their ligands are involved in numerous cellular activities, such as motility, invasion, and adhesion to the basement membrane. The detachment of cells and the gain in motility and invasion are hallmarks of the cancer metastasis cascade, thus generating interest in exploring the role of plexins in cancer metastasis. Semaphorin-plexin complexes can act as tumor promoters or suppressors, depending upon the cancer type, and are under investigation for therapeutic purposes. Our group has identified Semaphorin-5A (SEMA5A)/Plexin-B3 as an attractive targetable complex for pancreatic cancer (PC) metastasis. However, our understanding of the Plexin-B3 function and pathological expression in PC is limited, and our present study delineates the role of Plexin-B3 in PC malignancy. We examined the pathological expression of Plexin-B3 in PC tumors and metastasis using a human tissue microarray, disease progression model of PDX-Cre-Kras(G12D) (KC) mice, and different metastatic sites obtained from the KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice model. We observed a higher Plexin-B3 expression in PC tumor cores than the normal pancreas, and different metastatic sites were positive for Plexin-B3 expression. However, in the KC mice model, the Plexin-B3 expression increased initially and then decreased with the disease progression. Next, to evaluate the functional role of Plexin-B3, we utilized T3M-4- and CD18/HPAF-Control and -Plexin B3 knockdown cells for different in vivo and in vitro studies. The knockdown of Plexin-B3 enhanced the in vitro cellular migration, invasiveness, and impaired colony formation in three-dimensional culture, along with an increase in cellular spread and remodeling of the actin filaments. We also observed a higher metastasis in nude mice injected with T3M-4- and CD18/HPAF-shPlexin-B3 cells compared to their respective control cells. Furthermore, we observed a lower number of proliferating Ki-67-positive cells and higher ALDH1-A1-positive cells in the tumors formed by Plexin-B3 knockdown cells compared to tumors formed by the control cells. Together, our data suggest that the loss of Plexin-B3 is associated with the interference of cell division machinery and the induction of stem cell-like characteristics in PC cells.
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Semaphorin-5A downregulation is associated with enhanced migration and invasion of BRAF-positive melanoma cells under vemurafenib treatment in melanomas with heterogeneous BRAF status. Melanoma Res 2020; 29:544-548. [PMID: 31116162 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity affects the efficacy of anticancer treatment as tumor subclones with distinct molecular patterns may be present within one tumor, leading to differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, six melanoma tissue fragments were obtained from different parts of tumor of four patients and then the effect of vemurafenib treatment on biological characteristics and molecular processes of cell cultures was estimated by using MTT-test, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays, PCR real time. There was different BRAF status determined between cells derived from the central and peripheral regions of primary melanoma tumors. BRAF-positive melanoma cells showed an increased apoptotic rate under vemurafenib treatment, as well as increased migration and invasion rates, whereas BRAF-negative melanoma cells did not exhibit such tendency. Furthermore, semaphorin-5A levels were diminished in BRAF-positive cells, but not in BRAF-negative ones, which could be related to increased migration and invasion. Melanoma cells derived from different regions of the same tumor may differ by mutations status, molecular processes and biological response to target therapy. The downregulation of semaphorin-5A may be involved in divergent effects of anticancer agents on tumor cell biology.
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Xie F, Shao S, Zhang B, Deng S, Ur Rehman Aziz A, Liao X, Liu B. Differential phosphorylation regulates the shear stress-induced polar activity of Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6978-6989. [PMID: 32003021 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The activity of Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) is regulated by its own phosphorylation at different amino acid sites. These phosphorylation sites may have a crucial role in local Rho GTPases activation during cell migration. This paper is designed to explore the influence of phosphorylation on shear stress-induced spatial RhoGDIα activation. Based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor sl-RhoGDIα, which was constructed to test the RhoGDIα activity in living cells, new RhoGDIα phosphomimetic mutation (sl-S101E/S174E, sl-Y156E, sl-S101E, sl-S174E) and phosphorylation-deficient mutation (sl-S101A/S174A, sl-Y156A, sl-S101A, sl-S174A) biosensors were designed to test their effects on RhoGDIα activation upon shear stress application in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed lower RhoGDIα activity at the downstream of HUVECs (the region from the edge of the nucleus to the edge of the cell along with the flow). The overall decrease in RhoGDIα activity was inhibited by Y156A-mutant, whereas the polarized RhoGDIα and Rac1 activity were blocked by S101A/S174A mutant. It is concluded that the Tyr156 phosphorylation mainly mediates shear stress-induced overall RhoGDIα activity, while Ser101/Ser174 phosphorylation mediates its polarization. This study demonstrates that differential phosphorylation of RhoGDIα regulates shear stress-induced spatial RhoGDIα activation, which could be a potential target to control cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Liaoning Key Lab of IC & BME System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Liaoning Key Lab of IC & BME System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Liaoning Key Lab of IC & BME System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Sha Deng
- Liaoning Key Lab of IC & BME System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman Aziz
- Liaoning Key Lab of IC & BME System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Liaoning Key Lab of IC & BME System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Ko PH, Lenka G, Chen YA, Chuang EY, Tsai MH, Sher YP, Lai LC. Semaphorin 5A suppresses the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:165-177. [PMID: 31789397 PMCID: PMC6910195 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 5A (SEMA5A), a member of the semaphorin family, plays an important role in axonal guidance. Previously, the authors identified another possible role of SEMA5A as a prognostic biomarker for non-smoking women with lung adenocarcinoma in Taiwan, and this phenomenon has been validated in other ethnic groups. However, the functional significance of SEMA5A in lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed the function of SEMA5A in three lung adenocarcinoma cell lines in this study. Kaplan-Meier Plotter for lung cancer was conducted for survival analyses. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were performed to investigate the expression and post-translational regulation of SEMA5A in lung adenocar-cinoma cell lines. A pre-designed PyroMark CpG assay and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment were used to measure the methylation levels of SEMA5A. The biological functions of lung adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing SEMA5A were investigated by microarrays, and validated both in vitro (proliferation, colony formation and migration assays) and in vivo (tumor xenografts) experiments. The results revealed that the hypermethylation of SEMA5A and the cleavage of the extracellular domain of SEMA5A were responsible for the downregulation of the SEMA5A levels in lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 and H1299) as compared to the normal controls. Functional analysis of SEMA5A-regulated genes revealed that they were involved in cellular growth and proliferation. The overexpression of SEMA5A in A549 and H1299 cells significantly decreased the proliferation (P<0.01), colony formation (P<0.001) and migratory ability (P<0.01) of the cells. The suppressive effects of SEMA5A on the proliferative and migratory ability of the cells were also observed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments using brain metastatic Bm7 lung adenocarcinoma cells. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest a suppressive role for SEMA5A in lung adenocarcinoma involving the inhibition of the proliferation and migration of lung transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hao Ko
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Govinda Lenka
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Huang LJ, Shen Y, Bai J, Wang FX, Feng YD, Chen HL, Peng Y, Zhang R, Li FM, Zhang PH, Lei XR, Xue F, Ma YP, Hu JS, He AL. High Expression Levels of Long Noncoding RNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 18 and Semaphorin 5A Indicate Poor Prognosis in Multiple Myeloma. Acta Haematol 2019; 143:279-288. [PMID: 31597158 DOI: 10.1159/000502404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to detect the expression of long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 (SNHG18) andsemaphorin 5A (SEMA5A) genes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and to explore the correlation of the expression of these genes with the clinical characteristics and prognosis of MM patients. METHODS Forty-seven newly diagnosed MM, 18 complete remission MM, 13 refractory/relapse MM, and 22 iron deficiency anemia (serving as control) samples were extracted at the Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University between January 2015 and December 2016. The clinical features of the MM patients are summarized. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to analyze the relative expression levels of the SNHG18 and SEMA5Agenes. The clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of the MM patients were statistically analyzed while measuring different levels of SNHG18 and SEMA5Agene expression. At the same time, the correlation between the expression of SNHG18 and SEMA5A was also analyzed. RESULTS The analysis confirmed that SNHG18 and its possible target gene SEMA5A were both highly expressed in newly diagnosed MM patients. After analyzing the clinical significance of SNHG18 and SEMA5A in MM patients, we found that the expression of SNHG18 and SEMA5A was related to the Durie-Salmon (DS), International Staging System (ISS), and Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) classification systems, and the Mayo Clinic Risk Stratification for Multiple Myeloma (mSMART; p < 0.05). Moreover, we observed a significant difference in OS between the SNHG18/SEMA5A high expression group and the low expression group. We found a positive correlation between SNHG18 and SEMA5A expression (r = 0.709, p < 0.01). Surprisingly, the expected median OS times of both the SNHG18 and SEMA5Ahigh expression groups were significantly decreased, which was in contrast to those of both the SNHG18 and SEMA5Alow expression groups and the single-gene high expression group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION High expression of both SNHG18 and SEMA5A is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Juan Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
- School of General Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ju Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang-Xia Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan-Dong Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Li Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang-Mei Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei-Hua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Lei
- Institute of Hematology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Li He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,
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Ulasov IV, Mijanovic O, Savchuk S, Gonzalez-Buendia E, Sonabend A, Xiao T, Timashev P, Lesniak MS. TMZ regulates GBM stemness via MMP14-DLL4-Notch3 pathway. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2218-2228. [PMID: 31443114 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors with frequent recurrences following the standard methods of treatment-temozolomide (TMZ), ionizing radiation and surgical resection. The objective of our study was to investigate GBM resistance mediated via MMP14 (matrix metalloproteinase 14). We used multiple PDX GBM models and established glioma cell lines to characterize expression and subcellular localization of MMP14 after TMZ treatment. We performed a Kiloplex ELISA-based array to evaluate changes in cellular proteins induced by MMP14 expression and translocation. Lastly, we conducted functional and mechanistic studies to elucidate the role of DLL4 (delta-like canonical notch ligand 4) in regulation of glioma stemness, particularly in the context of its relationship to MMP14. We detected that TMZ treatment promotes nuclear translocation of MMP14 followed by extracellular release of DLL4. DLL4 in turn stimulates cleavage of Notch3, its nuclear translocation and induction of sphering capacity and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Ulasov
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olja Mijanovic
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Adam Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petr Timashev
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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17
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Chen LH, Liao CY, Lai LC, Tsai MH, Chuang EY. Semaphorin 6A Attenuates the Migration Capability of Lung Cancer Cells via the NRF2/HMOX1 Axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13302. [PMID: 31527696 PMCID: PMC6746772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental feature of cancer recurrence. Since recurrence is correlated with high mortality in lung cancer, it follows that reducing cell migration would decrease recurrence and increase survival rates. Semaphorin-6A (SEMA6A), a protein initially known as a regulator of axonal guidance, is down-regulated in lung cancer tissue, and low levels of SEMA6A are associated with cancer recurrence. Thus, we hypothesized that SEMA6A could suppress cancer cell migration. In this study, we found that the migration capability of H1299 lung cancer cells decreased with SEMA6A overexpression, while it increased with SEMA6A silencing. Moreover, silencing of the cellular homeostasis protein Heme-oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and/or the transcription factor Nuclear Factor, Erythroid-2-Like-2 (NRF2) reversed the migration-suppressing effect of SEMA6A and the SEMA6A-driven alterations in expression of urokinase insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-protein-3, Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP9, the downstream effectors of HMOX1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SEMA6A is a potential suppressor of cancer migration that functions through the NRF2/HMOX1 axis. Our results explain why low SEMA6A is linked to high recurrence in the clinical setting and suggest that SEMA6A could be useful as a biomarker or target in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Liao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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18
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Multifaceted Functional Role of Semaphorins in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092144. [PMID: 31052281 PMCID: PMC6539029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant tumor type affecting the adult central nervous system. Despite advances in therapy, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of about 15 months. To date, few treatment options are available and recent trials based on the molecular targeting of some of the GBM hallmark pathways (e.g., angiogenesis) have not produced any significant improvement in overall survival. The urgent need to develop more efficacious targeted therapies has led to a better molecular characterization of GBM, revealing an emerging role of semaphorins in GBM progression. Semphorins are a wide group of membrane-bound and secreted proteins, originally identified as axon guidance cues, signaling through their receptors, neuropilins, and plexins. A number of semaphorin signals involved in the control of axonal growth and navigation during development have been found to furthermore participate in crosstalk with different dysfunctional GBM pathways, controlling tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tumor angiogenesis or immune response. In this review, we summarize the regulatory activities mediated by semaphorins and their receptors on the oncogenic pathways implicated in GBM growth and invasive/metastatic progression.
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Stedden CG, Menegas W, Zajac AL, Williams AM, Cheng S, Özkan E, Horne-Badovinac S. Planar-Polarized Semaphorin-5c and Plexin A Promote the Collective Migration of Epithelial Cells in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2019; 29:908-920.e6. [PMID: 30827914 PMCID: PMC6424623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Collective migration of epithelial cells is essential for morphogenesis, wound repair, and the spread of many cancers, yet how individual cells signal to one another to coordinate their movements is largely unknown. Here, we introduce a tissue-autonomous paradigm for semaphorin-based regulation of collective cell migration. Semaphorins typically regulate the motility of neuronal growth cones and other migrating cell types by acting as repulsive cues within the migratory environment. Studying the follicular epithelial cells of Drosophila, we discovered that the transmembrane semaphorin, Sema-5c, promotes collective cell migration by acting within the migrating cells themselves, not the surrounding environment. Sema-5c is planar polarized at the basal epithelial surface such that it is enriched at the leading edge of each cell. This location places it in a prime position to send a repulsive signal to the trailing edge of the cell ahead to communicate directional information between neighboring cells. Our data show that Sema-5c can signal across cell-cell boundaries to suppress protrusions in neighboring cells and that Plexin A is the receptor that transduces this signal. Finally, we present evidence that Sema-5c antagonizes the activity of Lar, another transmembrane guidance cue that operates along leading-trailing cell-cell interfaces in this tissue, via a mechanism that appears to be independent of Plexin A. Together, our results suggest that multiple transmembrane guidance cues can be deployed in a planar-polarized manner across an epithelium and work in concert to coordinate individual cell movements for collective migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire G Stedden
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - William Menegas
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Allison L Zajac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Audrey M Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shouqiang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sally Horne-Badovinac
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 920 East 58(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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20
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Kamei S, Maruta K, Fujikawa H, Nohara H, Ueno-Shuto K, Tasaki Y, Nakashima R, Kawakami T, Eto Y, Suico MA, Suzuki S, Gruenert DC, Li JD, Kai H, Shuto T. Integrative expression analysis identifies a novel interplay between CFTR and linc-SUMF1-2 that involves CF-associated gene dysregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:521-528. [PMID: 30598261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) is a cyclic AMP-dependent Cl- channel, and its dysfunction, due to CFTR gene mutations, causes the lethal inherited disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). To date, widespread dysregulation of certain coding genes in CF airway epithelial cells is well studied and considered as the driver of pulmonary abnormality. However, the involvement of non-coding genes, novel classes of functional RNAs with little or no protein-coding capacity, in the regulation of CF-associated gene dysregulation is poorly understood. Here, we utilized integrative analyses of human transcriptome array (HTA) and characterized 99 coding and 91 non-coding RNAs that are dysregulated in CFTR-defective CF bronchial epithelial cell line CFBE41o-. Among these genes, the expression level of linc-SUMF1-2, an intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) whose function is unknown, was inversely correlated with that of WT-CFTR and consistently higher in primary human CF airway epithelial cells (DHBE-CF). Further integrative analyses under linc-SUMF1-knockdown condition determined MXRA5, SEMA5A, CXCL10, AK022877, CTGF, MYC, AREG and LAMB3 as both CFTR- and linc-SUMF1-2-dependent dysregulated gene sets in CF airway epithelial cells. Overall, our analyses reveal linc-SUMF1-2 as a dysregulated non-coding gene in CF as well as CFTR-linc-SUMF1-2 axis as a novel regulatory pathway involved in CF-associated gene dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kamei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kasumi Maruta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujikawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nohara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program", Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Keiko Ueno-Shuto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tasaki
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 714 Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA30303, USA
| | - Ryunosuke Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taisei Kawakami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuka Eto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825 Pressler St, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Dieter C Gruenert
- Head and Neck Stem Cell Lab, University of California, San Francisco, 2340 Sutter St, Box 1330, N331, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 714 Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA30303, USA
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
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Saxena S, Purohit A, Varney ML, Hayashi Y, Singh RK. Semaphorin-5A maintains epithelial phenotype of malignant pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1283. [PMID: 30577767 PMCID: PMC6303891 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive disease, and the lethality of this disease stems from early metastatic dissemination where surgical removal cannot provide a cure. Improvement of the therapeutic outcome and overall survival of PC patients requires to understand the fundamental processes that lead to metastasis such as the gain of cellular migration ability. One such family of proteins, which are essential players of cellular migration, is Semaphorin. Previously, we have identified one of the Semaphorin family member, Semaphorin-5A (SEMA5A) to be involved in organ-specific homing during PC metastasis. We have also demonstrated that SEMA5A has a constitutive expression in PC cell lines derived from metastatic sites in comparison with low endogenous expression in the primary tumor-derived cell line. In this study, we examined whether constitutive SEMA5A expression in metastatic PC cells regulates tumor growth and metastatic potential. METHODS We generated SEMA5A knockdown in T3M-4 and CD18/HPAF cells and assessed their phenotypes on in vitro motility, tumor growth, and metastatic progression. RESULTS In contrary to our initial expectations, orthotopic injection of SEMA5A knockdown cells into nude mice resulted in a significant increase in both tumor burden and liver metastases in comparison with the Control cells. Similarly, we observed higher in vitro migratory potential with pronounced morphological changes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a decrease in the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin (E-Cad), increase in the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin (N-Cad) and Snail and the activation of the Wnt-signaling pathway in SEMA5A knockdown cells. Furthermore, re-establishing SEMA5A expression with a knockdown resistant mouse Sema5A in SEMA5A knockdown cells resulted in a reversion to the epithelial state (mesenchymal-epithelial transition; MET), as indicated by the rescue of E-Cad expression and a decrease in N-Cad and Snail expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that SEMA5A expression maintains epithelial phenotype in the metastatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5845 USA
| | - Abhilasha Purohit
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Michelle L. Varney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5845 USA
| | - Yuri Hayashi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5845 USA
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5845 USA
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22
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Liu XF, Thin KZ, Ming XL, Shuo-Li, Ping-Luo, Man-Zhu, Li ND, Tu JC. Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 18 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor and a Diagnostic Indicator in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818794494. [PMID: 30126319 PMCID: PMC6104208 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818794494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncoding RNAs are crucial regulators acting as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in human cancer progression. The aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs has been confirmed in different kinds of cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, characterized by insidious onset, great malignancy, and high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Due to lack of early predictive markers, numerous patients are diagnosed in the late stages. As therapeutic options for advanced patients are quite limited, great efforts have been made to screen patients at early stages. A previous study reported that small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 played crucial role in glioma. However, its functions and roles in hepatocellular carcinoma are unknown. PURPOSE To explore its functional role and diagnostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma, we investigated its expression level. METHODS We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues derived from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in plasma, including samples from the healthy control, patients with hepatitis B, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS Small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 was downregulated in liver tissues compared to paired adjacent noncancerous tissues ( P < .0001). Meanwhile, plasma small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 showed a relatively high sensitivity and specificity (75.61% and 73.49%) for distinguishing patients with hepatocellular carcinoma whose α-fetoprotein levels were below 200 ng/mL from the healthy controls. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 might act as a tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and potentially a diagnostic indicator to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from the healthy control and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fang Liu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Khaing Zar Thin
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Liang Ming
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo-Li
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping-Luo
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Zhu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan-Di Li
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Tu
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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FRET biosensor allows spatio-temporal observation of shear stress-induced polar RhoGDIα activation. Commun Biol 2018; 1:224. [PMID: 30564745 PMCID: PMC6288100 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) is a known negative regulator of the Rho family that shuts off GDP/GTP cycling and cytoplasm/membrane translocation to regulate cell migration. However, to our knowledge, no reports are available that focus on how the RhoGDIα-Rho GTPases complex is activated by laminar flow through exploring the activation of RhoGDIα itself. Here, we constructed a new biosensor using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology to measure the spatio-temporal activation of RhoGDIα in its binding with Rho GTPases in living HeLa cells. Using this biosensor, we find that the dissociation of the RhoGDIα-Rho GTPases complex is increased by shear stress, and its dissociation rate varies with subcellular location. Moreover, this process is mediated by membrane fluidity, cytoskeleton and Src activity, which indicates that the regulation of RhoGDIα activation under shear stress application represents a relatively separate pathway from the shear stress-induced Rho pathway. Shuai Shao, Xiaoling Liao et al. present a new FRET biosensor for measuring the spatio-temporal activation of RhoGDIα upon binding Rho GTPases. They find that dissociation of the RhoGDIα-Rho GTPase complex is increased by shear stress and varies with subcellular location.
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24
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The extracellular SEMA domain attenuates intracellular apoptotic signaling of semaphorin 6A in lung cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:95. [PMID: 30518871 PMCID: PMC6281666 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A), a membrane-bound protein, is downregulated in lung cancer tissue compared to its adjacent normal tissue. However, the functions of SEMA6A in lung cancer cells are still unclear. In the present study, full length SEMA6A and various truncations were transfected into lung cancer cells to investigate the role of the different domains of SEMA6A in cell proliferation and survival, apoptosis, and in vivo tumor growth. SEMA6A-induced cell signaling was explored using gene silencing, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-culture assays. Our results showed that overexpression of SEMA6A reduced the growth of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and silencing SEMA6A increased the proliferation of normal lung fibroblasts. Truncated SEMA6A lacking the SEMA domain or the extracellular region induced more apoptosis than full length SEMA6A, and reintroducing the SEMA domain attenuated the apoptosis. Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) bound to the cytosolic region of truncated SEMA6A and was involved in SEMA6A-associated cytosol-induced apoptosis. This study suggests a novel function of SEMA6A in inducing apoptosis via FADD binding in lung cancer cells.
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25
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Amado-Azevedo J, de Menezes RX, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Hordijk PL. A functional siRNA screen identifies RhoGTPase-associated genes involved in thrombin-induced endothelial permeability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201231. [PMID: 30048510 PMCID: PMC6062096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin and other inflammatory mediators may induce vascular permeability through the disruption of adherens junctions between adjacent endothelial cells. If uncontrolled, hyperpermeability leads to an impaired barrier, fluid leakage and edema, which can contribute to multi-organ failure and death. RhoGTPases control cytoskeletal dynamics, adhesion and migration and are known regulators of endothelial integrity. Knowledge of the precise role of each RhoGTPase, and their associated regulatory and effector genes, in endothelial integrity is incomplete. Using a combination of a RNAi screen with electrical impedance measurements, we quantified the effect of individually silencing 270 Rho-associated genes on the barrier function of thrombin-activated, primary endothelial cells. Known and novel RhoGTPase-associated regulators that modulate the response to thrombin were identified (RTKN, TIAM2, MLC1, ARPC1B, SEPT2, SLC9A3R1, RACGAP1, RAPGEF2, RHOD, PREX1, ARHGEF7, PLXNB2, ARHGAP45, SRGAP2, ARHGEF5). In conclusion, with this siRNA screen, we confirmed the roles of known regulators of endothelial integrity but also identified new, potential key players in thrombin-induced endothelial signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renee X. de Menezes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Wu F, Hu P, Li D, Hu Y, Qi Y, Yin B, Jiang T, Yuan J, Han W, Peng X. RhoGDIα suppresses self-renewal and tumorigenesis of glioma stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61619-61629. [PMID: 27557508 PMCID: PMC5308677 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a subset of tumor cells that drive glioma initiation and progression. The molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of GSCs are still poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) in GSCs. RhoGDIα was down-regulated in glioma stem cells. Over-expression of RhoGDIα suppressed the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of GSCs. Further data showed that RhoGDIα inhibited the transcription activity of stem cell marker Oct4. Moreover, inactivation of ROCK1, a downstream effector of RhoGDIα, also decreased the self-renewal and Oct4 transcription activity, and rescued the effects caused by RhoGDIα knockdown. Our results indicate that RhoGDIα is involved in the maintenance of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Peishan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yingjiao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiangang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Angelopoulou E, Piperi C. Emerging role of plexins signaling in glioma progression and therapy. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pathological and functional significance of Semaphorin-5A in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5931-5943. [PMID: 29464045 PMCID: PMC5814185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin-5A (SEMA5A) has differential cell surface expression between normal and cancer cells and represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we delineated the pathological expression and significance of SEMA5A during PC progression and metastasis. We utilized human tissue microarrays and different PC mouse models (Pdx1-cre; LSL- Kras(G12D), Pdx1-Cre; LSL-Kras(G12D); LSL-p53(R172H) and RIP1-Tag2) to analyze SEMA5A expression during PC progression. Using human patients and different mouse models, we demonstrated that SEMA5A expression was highest in liver metastases, followed by primary pancreatic tumors, and the lowest expression was found in the normal pancreas. SEMA5A expression was localized on tumor cells with no staining in the surrounding stroma. To understand the functional significance of SEMA5A, we treated PC cell lines with recombinant SEMA5A. We observed an increase in migration, chemotaxis, and scattering of PC cells. To delineate the signaling axis of SEMA5A, we generated SEMA5A receptor-Plexin-B3 knockdown in T3M-4 and CD18/HPAF PC cell lines and observed that the effect of SEMA5A treatment was absent in the Plexin-B3 knockdown counterparts of T3M-4 and CD18/HPAF cells. SEMA5A treatment leads to phosphorylation of cMET in Plexin-B3 dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that there is an increase in SEMA5A expression during PC progression and the elevation of this expression takes place at metastatic sites especially the liver in both exocrine and endocrine tumors. SEMA5A can elicit a migratory response in cells by activating cMET through the Plexin-B3 receptor. In conclusion, SEMA5A signaling represents a potential molecule for targeting metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
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Qin EY, Cooper DD, Abbott KL, Lennon J, Nagaraja S, Mackay A, Jones C, Vogel H, Jackson PK, Monje M. Neural Precursor-Derived Pleiotrophin Mediates Subventricular Zone Invasion by Glioma. Cell 2017; 170:845-859.e19. [PMID: 28823557 PMCID: PMC5587159 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The lateral ventricle subventricular zone (SVZ) is a frequent and consequential site of pediatric and adult glioma spread, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating this are poorly understood. We demonstrate that neural precursor cell (NPC):glioma cell communication underpins this propensity of glioma to colonize the SVZ through secretion of chemoattractant signals toward which glioma cells home. Biochemical, proteomic, and functional analyses of SVZ NPC-secreted factors revealed the neurite outgrowth-promoting factor pleiotrophin, along with required binding partners SPARC/SPARCL1 and HSP90B, as key mediators of this chemoattractant effect. Pleiotrophin expression is strongly enriched in the SVZ, and pleiotrophin knock down starkly reduced glioma invasion of the SVZ in the murine brain. Pleiotrophin, in complex with the binding partners, activated glioma Rho/ROCK signaling, and ROCK inhibition decreased invasion toward SVZ NPC-secreted factors. These findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for NPC:glioma interactions and potential therapeutic targets to limit glioma invasion. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Y Qin
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Keene L Abbott
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Lennon
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Surya Nagaraja
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan Mackay
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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Neubauer EF, Poole AZ, Neubauer P, Detournay O, Tan K, Davy SK, Weis VM. A diverse host thrombospondin-type-1 repeat protein repertoire promotes symbiont colonization during establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28481198 PMCID: PMC5446238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic endosymbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is mediated by complex inter-partner signaling events, where the host cnidarian innate immune system plays a crucial role in recognition and regulation of symbionts. To date, little is known about the diversity of thrombospondin-type-1 repeat (TSR) domain proteins in basal metazoans or their potential role in regulation of cnidarian-dinoflagellate mutualisms. We reveal a large and diverse repertoire of TSR proteins in seven anthozoan species, and show that in the model sea anemone Aiptasia pallida the TSR domain promotes colonization of the host by the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium minutum. Blocking TSR domains led to decreased colonization success, while adding exogenous TSRs resulted in a ‘super colonization’. Furthermore, gene expression of TSR proteins was highest at early time-points during symbiosis establishment. Our work characterizes the diversity of cnidarian TSR proteins and provides evidence that these proteins play an important role in the establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24494.001 Cnidarians, such as corals and sea anemones, often form a close relationship with microscopic algae that live inside their cells – a partnership, on which the entire coral reef ecosystem depends. These microalgae produce sugars and other compounds that the cnidarians need to survive, while the cnidarians protect the microalgae from the environment and provide the raw materials they need to harness energy from sunlight. However, very little is known about how the two partners are able to communicate with each other to form this close relationship, which is referred to as a symbiosis. Symbiotic relationships between a host and a microbe require a number of adaptations on both sides, and involve numerous signalling molecules. A host species is under constant pressure to develop mechanisms to recognize and tolerate the beneficial microbes without leaving itself vulnerable to attack by microbes that might cause disease. Similarly, the beneficial microbes need to be able to invade and survive inside their host. Previous research has shown that TSR proteins in hosts play a role in recognizing and controlling disease-causing microbes. Until now, however, it was unknown whether TSR proteins are involved in establishing a symbiosis between cnidarians and their algal partners. Neubauer et al. analysed six species of symbiotic cnidarians and discovered a diverse repertoire of TSR proteins. These proteins were found in the host genomes, rather than in the symbiotic algae, strongly suggesting that they originated from the host. Neubauer et al. next incubated a sea anemone species in a solution of TSR proteins and saw that it became ‘super-colonized’ with algae, meaning that over time, millions of the microalgae entered and stayed in the anemone’s tentacles. In contrast, when the TSR proteins were blocked, colonization was almost entirely stopped. This suggests that host TSR proteins play an important role for the microalgae when they colonialize corals and other cnidarians. The signals that enable microalgae to successfully colonialize cnidarians are unquestionably complex and there is still much to learn. These findings add another piece to the puzzle of how symbiotic algae bypass the cnidarian’s immune system to persist and flourish in their host. An important next step will be to test how blocking the genes that encode the TSR proteins will affect the symbiotic relationship between these species. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24494.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie-Fleur Neubauer
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Angela Z Poole
- Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, United States.,Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
| | | | | | - Kenneth Tan
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Virginia M Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, United States
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31
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Klein RH, Lin Z, Hopkin AS, Gordon W, Tsoi LC, Liang Y, Gudjonsson JE, Andersen B. GRHL3 binding and enhancers rearrange as epidermal keratinocytes transition between functional states. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006745. [PMID: 28445475 PMCID: PMC5425218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor binding, chromatin modifications and large scale chromatin re-organization underlie progressive, irreversible cell lineage commitments and differentiation. We know little, however, about chromatin changes as cells enter transient, reversible states such as migration. Here we demonstrate that when human progenitor keratinocytes either differentiate or migrate they form complements of typical enhancers and super-enhancers that are unique for each state. Unique super-enhancers for each cellular state link to gene expression that confers functions associated with the respective cell state. These super-enhancers are also enriched for skin disease sequence variants. GRHL3, a transcription factor that promotes both differentiation and migration, binds preferentially to super-enhancers in differentiating keratinocytes, while during migration, it binds preferentially to promoters along with REST, repressing the expression of migration inhibitors. Key epidermal differentiation transcription factor genes, including GRHL3, are located within super-enhancers, and many of these transcription factors in turn bind to and regulate super-enhancers. Furthermore, GRHL3 represses the formation of a number of progenitor and non-keratinocyte super-enhancers in differentiating keratinocytes. Hence, chromatin relocates GRHL3 binding and enhancers to regulate both the irreversible commitment of progenitor keratinocytes to differentiation and their reversible transition to migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Herndon Klein
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ziguang Lin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Amelia Soto Hopkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - William Gordon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Role of Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α regulation in cell migration. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:183-189. [PMID: 28187905 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a vital process for many physiological and pathological events, and Rho GTPases have been confirmed as key factors in its regulation. The most studied negative regulator of Rho GTPases, Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα), mediates cell migration through altering the overall expression and spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPases. The RhoGDIα-Rho GTPases dissociation can be mediated by signal pathways targeting RhoGDIα directly. This review summarizes the research about the regulation of RhoGDIα during cell migration, which can be in a Rho GTPases association independent manner. Non-kinase proteins regulation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation and extracellular environmental factors are classified to discuss their direct signal regulations on RhoGDIα, which provide varied signal pathways for selective activation of Rho GTPases in cell migration.
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Neufeld G, Mumblat Y, Smolkin T, Toledano S, Nir-Zvi I, Ziv K, Kessler O. The role of the semaphorins in cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:652-674. [PMID: 27533782 PMCID: PMC5160032 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been implicated also in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, organ formation, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. The semaphorin family contains more then 20 genes divided into 7 subfamilies, all of which contain the signature sema domain. The semaphorins transduce signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin or plexin families. Additional receptors which form complexes with these primary semaphorin receptors are also frequently involved in semaphorin signaling. Recent evidence suggests that semaphorins also fulfill important roles in the etiology of multiple forms of cancer. Some semaphorins have been found to function as bona-fide tumor suppressors and to inhibit tumor progression by various mechanisms while other semaphorins function as inducers and promoters of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Neufeld
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Mumblat
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tatyana Smolkin
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Toledano
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Nir-Zvi
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keren Ziv
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Neufeld G, Mumblat Y, Smolkin T, Toledano S, Nir-Zvi I, Ziv K, Kessler O. The semaphorins and their receptors as modulators of tumor progression. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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García-Álvarez I, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Moreno-Lillo S, Sánchez-Sierra M, Nieto-Sampedro M, Doncel-Pérez E. Inhibition of glial proliferation, promotion of axonal growth and myelin production by synthetic glycolipid: A new approach for spinal cord injury treatment. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:895-910. [PMID: 26484699 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE After spinal cord injury (SCI) a glial scar is generated in the area affected that forms a barrier for axon growth and myelination, preventing functional recovery. Recently, we have described a synthetic glycolipid (IG20) that inhibited proliferation of human glioma cells. We show now that IG20 inhibited the proliferation of astrocytes and microglial cells, the principal cellular components of the glial scar, and promoting axonal outgrowth and myelin production in vitro. METHODS Glial cells were inhibited with IG20 (IC50≈10 μM) and studied by RT-PCR, Western Blotting, immunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy. Axonal outgrowth in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and myelin production by oligodendrocytes were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Adult rats were assayed in spinal cord contusion model and the recovery of treated animals (n = 6) and controls (n = 6) was followed. RESULTS The IG20 was localized in the cytosol of glial cells, forming a complex with RhoGDIα, a regulator of RhoGTPases. Treatment of astroglial cultures with IG20 increase the expression of BDNF receptor genes (TrkBT1, TrkB Full). IG20 reduced the astroglial marker GFAP, while increasing production of myelin basic protein in oligodendrocytes and promoted axonal outgrowth from DRG neurons. Local injection of IG20, near a spinal cord contusion, promoted the recovery of lesioned animals analyzed by BBB test (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We propose that inhibition of astrocytes and microglia by IG20 could be diminished the glial scar formation, inducing the re-growth and myelination of axons, these elements constitute a new approach for SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-Álvarez
- Grupo de Química Neuro-regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Moreno-Lillo
- Grupo de Química Neuro-regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Sierra
- Grupo de Química Neuro-regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Grupo de Química Neuro-regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, Toledo, Spain
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Zheng R, Yao Q, Ren C, Liu Y, Yang H, Xie G, Du S, Yang K, Yuan Y. Upregulation of Long Noncoding RNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 18 Promotes Radioresistance of Glioma by Repressing Semaphorin 5A. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 96:877-887. [PMID: 27788958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs play an important regulatory role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, little is known about the role of small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 (SNHG18) in cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of SNHG18 and its clinical significance in glioma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Differences in the lncRNA expression profile between M059K and M059J cells were assessed by lncRNA expression microarray analysis. The expression and localization of SNHG18 in glioma cells or tissues was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH), respectively. the clinical associations of SNHG18 in glioma was evaluated by qRT-PCR, ISH and immunohistochemistry. The role of SNHG18 in glioma radiosensitivity was evaluated by colony formation assays, immunofluorescence, Western blot and tumor growth inhibition study. RESULTS The present study investigated the clinical associations of SNHG18 and its role in glioma. Our results showed that the expression of SNHG18 was remarkably upregulated in clinical glioma tissues compared with normal brain tissues. SNHG18 expression was associated with the clinical tumor grade and correlated negatively with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation. In addition, knockdown of SNHG18 with short hairpin RNA suppressed the radioresistance of glioma cells, and transgenic expression of SNHG18 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, xenograft tumors grown from cells with SNHG18 deletion were more radiosensitive than tumors grown from control cells. Further studies revealed that SNHG18 promotes radioresistance by inhibiting semaphorin 5A and that inhibition of semaphorin 5A expression abrogated the radiosensitizing effect caused by SNHG18 deletion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insights into the role of SNHG18 in glioma and suggest its potential as a target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhu Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Gurrapu S, Tamagnone L. Transmembrane semaphorins: Multimodal signaling cues in development and cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:675-691. [PMID: 27295627 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins constitute a large family of membrane-bound and secreted proteins that provide guidance cues for axon pathfinding and cell migration. Although initially discovered as repelling cues for axons in nervous system, they have been found to regulate cell adhesion and motility, angiogenesis, immune function and tumor progression. Notably, semaphorins are bifunctional cues and for instance can mediate both repulsive and attractive functions in different contexts. While many studies focused so far on the function of secreted family members, class 1 semaphorins in invertebrates and class 4, 5 and 6 in vertebrate species comprise around 14 transmembrane semaphorin molecules with emerging functional relevance. These can signal in juxtacrine, paracrine and autocrine fashion, hence mediating long and short range repulsive and attractive guidance cues which have a profound impact on cellular morphology and functions. Importantly, transmembrane semaphorins are capable of bidirectional signaling, acting both in "forward" mode via plexins (sometimes in association with receptor tyrosine kinases), and in "reverse" manner through their cytoplasmic domains. In this review, we will survey known molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of transmembrane semaphorins in development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeharsha Gurrapu
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino c/o IRCCS , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy.,b Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino c/o IRCCS , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy.,b Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO , Candiolo ( TO ), Italy
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Iwadate Y, Fukuda K, Matsutani T, Saeki N. Intrinsic protective mechanisms of the neuron-glia network against glioma invasion. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 26:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Battistini C, Tamagnone L. Transmembrane semaphorins, forward and reverse signaling: have a look both ways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1609-22. [PMID: 26794845 PMCID: PMC11108563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are signaling molecules playing pivotal roles not only as axon guidance cues, but are also involved in the regulation of a range of biological processes, such as immune response, angiogenesis and invasive tumor growth. The main functional receptors for semaphorins are plexins, which are large single-pass transmembrane molecules. Semaphorin signaling through plexins-the "classical" forward signaling-affects cytoskeletal remodeling and integrin-dependent adhesion, consequently influencing cell migration. Intriguingly, semaphorins and plexins can interact not only in trans, but also in cis, leading to differentiated and highly regulated signaling outputs. Moreover, transmembrane semaphorins can also mediate a so-called "reverse" signaling, by acting not as ligands but rather as receptors, and initiate a signaling cascade through their own cytoplasmic domains. Semaphorin reverse signaling has been clearly demonstrated in fruit fly Sema1a, which is required to control motor axon defasciculation and target recognition during neuromuscular development. Sema1a invertebrate semaphorin is most similar to vertebrate class-6 semaphorins, and examples of semaphorin reverse signaling in mammalians have been described for these family members. Reverse signaling is also reported for other vertebrate semaphorin subsets, e.g. class-4 semaphorins, which bear potential PDZ-domain interaction motifs in their cytoplasmic regions. Therefore, thanks to their various signaling abilities, transmembrane semaphorins can play multifaceted roles both in developmental processes and in physiological as well as pathological conditions in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Battistini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO, Str. Prov. 142, 10060, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
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Le AP, Huang Y, Pingle SC, Kesari S, Wang H, Yong RL, Zou H, Friedel RH. Plexin-B2 promotes invasive growth of malignant glioma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7293-304. [PMID: 25762646 PMCID: PMC4466685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive growth is a major determinant of the high lethality of malignant gliomas. Plexin-B2, an axon guidance receptor important for mediating neural progenitor cell migration during development, is upregulated in gliomas, but its function therein remains poorly understood. Combining bioinformatic analyses, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry of patient samples, we demonstrate that Plexin-B2 is consistently upregulated in all types of human gliomas and that its expression levels correlate with glioma grade and poor survival. Activation of Plexin-B2 by Sema4C ligand in glioblastoma cells induced actin-based cytoskeletal dynamics and invasive migration in vitro. This proinvasive effect was associated with activation of the cell motility mediators RhoA and Rac1. Furthermore, costimulation of Plexin-B2 and the receptor tyrosine kinase Met led to synergistic Met phosphorylation. In intracranial glioblastoma transplants, Plexin-B2 knockdown hindered invasive growth and perivascular spreading, and resulted in decreased tumor vascularity. Our results demonstrate that Plexin-B2 promotes glioma invasion and vascularization, and they identify Plexin-B2 as a potential novel prognostic marker for glioma malignancy. Targeting the Plexin-B2 pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach to curtail invasive growth of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey P Le
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandeep C Pingle
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores UCSD Cancer Center and Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Moores UCSD Cancer Center and Department of Neurosciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huaien Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Comprehensive Brain Tumor Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymund L Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Comprehensive Brain Tumor Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Parodi M, Pedrazzi M, Cantoni C, Averna M, Patrone M, Cavaletto M, Spertino S, Pende D, Balsamo M, Pietra G, Sivori S, Carlomagno S, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Sparatore B, Vitale M. Natural Killer (NK)/melanoma cell interaction induces NK-mediated release of chemotactic High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) capable of amplifying NK cell recruitment. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1052353. [PMID: 26587323 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1052353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we characterize a new mechanism by which Natural Killer (NK) cells may amplify their recruitment to tumors. We show that NK cells, upon interaction with melanoma cells, can release a chemotactic form of High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) protein capable of attracting additional activated NK cells. We first demonstrate that the engagement of different activating NK cell receptors, including those mainly involved in tumor cell recognition can induce the active release of HMGB1. Then we show that during NK-mediated tumor cell killing two HMGB1 forms are released, each displaying a specific electrophoretic mobility possibly corresponding to a different redox status. By the comparison of normal and perforin-defective NK cells (which are unable to kill target cells) we demonstrate that, in NK/melanoma cell co-cultures, NK cells specifically release an HMGB1 form that acts as chemoattractant, while dying tumor cells passively release a non-chemotactic HMGB1. Finally, we show that Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products is expressed by NK cells and mediates HMGB1-induced NK cell chemotaxis. Proteomic analysis of NK cells exposed to recombinant HMGB1 revealed that this molecule, besides inducing immediate chemotaxis, also promotes changes in the expression of proteins involved in the regulation of the cytoskeletal network. Importantly, these modifications could be associated with an increased motility of NK cells. Thus, our findings allow the definition of a previously unidentified mechanism used by NK cells to amplify their response to tumors, and provide additional clues for the emerging role of HMGB1 in immunomodulation and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Parodi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Pedrazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; Istituto Giannina Gaslini ; Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy
| | - Mauro Patrone
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT); University of Piemonte Orientale ; Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT); University of Piemonte Orientale ; Alessandria, Italy
| | - Stefano Spertino
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT); University of Piemonte Orientale ; Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Mirna Balsamo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST ; Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Carlomagno
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST ; Genova, Italy
| | | | - Bianca Sparatore
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy ; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR); University of Genova ; Genova, Italy
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Liu Y, Wu C, Wang Y, Wen S, Wang J, Chen Z, He Q, Feng D. Loss of plexin-B3 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1247-1252. [PMID: 25780417 PMCID: PMC4353781 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plexins are the primary receptors of semaphorins, and participate in the majority of intracellular pathways triggered by semaphorins, including the regulation of cell adhesion and the motility of numerous cell types. Recently, several studies have reported that plexins can significantly affect different aspects of cancer cell biology, and the aberrant expression of plexins has been observed in a wide variety of tumor types. However, the expression and role of plexin-B3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is yet to be investigated. In the present study, plexin-B3 expression was measured in 14 paired HCC samples and the corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of plexin-B3 were downregulated in HCC samples when compared with the corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue. In order to elucidate the correlation between clinicopathological data and the expression of plexin-B3 in patients with HCC, 84 HCC archived specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC results revealed that the protein expression level of plexin-B3 was lower in the HCC samples compared with the corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue, and plexin-B3 underexpression was correlated with the patient gender and tumor size. In conclusion, these results indicated that loss of plexin-B3 in HCC may be of predictive value for the occurrence and progression of HCC. Thus, plexin-B3 may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China ; Department of Morphology, The Institute of Advanced Occupation Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Chang Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Sailan Wen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qiongqiong He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Deyun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Purohit A, Sadanandam A, Myneni P, Singh RK. Semaphorin 5A mediated cellular navigation: connecting nervous system and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1846:485-93. [PMID: 25263940 PMCID: PMC4261006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ultraprecise wiring of neurons banks on the instructions provided by guidance cue proteins that steer them to their appropriate target tissue during neuronal development. Semaphorins are one such family of proteins. Semaphorins are known to play major physiological roles during the development of various organs including the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Their role in different pathologies including cancer remains an intense area of investigation. This review focuses on a novel member of this family of proteins, semaphorin 5A, which is much less explored in comparison to its other affiliates. Recent reports suggest that semaphorins play important roles in the pathology of cancer by affecting angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. We will firstly give a general overview of the semaphorin family and its receptors. Next, we discuss their roles in cellular movements and how that makes them a connecting link between the nervous system and cancer. Finally, we focus our discussion on semaphorin 5A to summarize the prevailing knowledge for this molecule in developmental biology and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Purohit
- Department of Pathology Microbiology, 985950, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Molecular Pathology, London, UK
| | - Pavan Myneni
- Department of Pathology Microbiology, 985950, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology Microbiology, 985950, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA.
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Duan Y, Wang SH, Song J, Mironova Y, Ming GL, Kolodkin AL, Giger RJ. Semaphorin 5A inhibits synaptogenesis in early postnatal- and adult-born hippocampal dentate granule cells. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25313870 PMCID: PMC4236683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human SEMAPHORIN 5A (SEMA5A) is an autism susceptibility gene; however, its function in brain development is unknown. In this study, we show that mouse Sema5A negatively regulates synaptogenesis in early, developmentally born, hippocampal dentate granule cells (GCs). Sema5A is strongly expressed by GCs and regulates dendritic spine density in a cell-autonomous manner. In the adult mouse brain, newly born Sema5A-/- GCs show an increase in dendritic spine density and increased AMPA-type synaptic responses. Sema5A signals through PlexinA2 co-expressed by GCs, and the PlexinA2-RasGAP activity is necessary to suppress spinogenesis. Like Sema5A-/- mutants, PlexinA2-/- mice show an increase in GC glutamatergic synapses, and we show that Sema5A and PlexinA2 genetically interact with respect to GC spine phenotypes. Sema5A-/- mice display deficits in social interaction, a hallmark of autism-spectrum-disorders. These experiments identify novel intra-dendritic Sema5A/PlexinA2 interactions that inhibit excitatory synapse formation in developmentally born and adult-born GCs, and they provide support for SEMA5A contributions to autism-spectrum-disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Duan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Shih-Hsiu Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Juan Song
- Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yevgeniya Mironova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alex L Kolodkin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
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Huang GJ, Edwards A, Tsai CY, Lee YS, Peng L, Era T, Hirabayashi Y, Tsai CY, Nishikawa SI, Iwakura Y, Chen SJ, Flint J. Ectopic cerebellar cell migration causes maldevelopment of Purkinje cells and abnormal motor behaviour in Cxcr4 null mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86471. [PMID: 24516532 PMCID: PMC3917845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling plays an important role in neuronal cell migration and brain development. However, the impact of CXCR4 deficiency in the postnatal mouse brain is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the importance of CXCR4 on cerebellar development and motor behaviour by conditional inactivation of Cxcr4 in the central nervous system. We found CXCR4 plays a key role in cerebellar development. Its loss leads to defects in Purkinje cell dentritogenesis and axonal projection in vivo but not in cell culture. Transcriptome analysis revealed the most significantly affected pathways in the Cxcr4 deficient developing cerebellum are involved in extra cellular matrix receptor interactions and focal adhesion. Consistent with functional impairment of the cerebellum, Cxcr4 knockout mice have poor coordination and balance performance in skilled motor tests. Together, these results suggest ectopic the migration of granule cells impairs development of Purkinje cells, causes gross cerebellar anatomical disruption and leads to behavioural motor defects in Cxcr4 null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jen Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Edwards
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Lei Peng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shu-Jen Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan Flint
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Sayegh ET, Kaur G, Bloch O, Parsa AT. Systematic review of protein biomarkers of invasive behavior in glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1212-44. [PMID: 24271659 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor with a grave prognosis. Recurrence is inevitable even with maximal surgical resection, in large part because GBM is a highly invasive tumor. Invasiveness also contributes to the failure of multiple cornerstones of GBM therapy, including radiotherapy, temozolomide chemotherapy, and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade. In recent years there has been significant progress in the identification of protein biomarkers of invasive phenotype in GBM. In this article, we comprehensively review the literature and survey a broad spectrum of biomarkers, including proteolytic enzymes, extracellular matrix proteins, cell adhesion molecules, neurodevelopmental factors, cell signaling and transcription factors, angiogenic effectors, metabolic proteins, membrane channels, and cytokines and chemokines. In light of the marked variation seen in outcomes in GBM patients, the systematic use of these biomarkers could be used to form a framework for better prediction, prognostication, and treatment selection, as well as the identification of molecular targets for further laboratory investigation and development of nascent, directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli T Sayegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 N. St. Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611-2911, USA
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de Castro F, Bribián A, Ortega MC. Regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor migration during development, in adulthood and in pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4355-68. [PMID: 23689590 PMCID: PMC11113994 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). These cells originate from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) during development, and they migrate extensively from oligodendrogliogenic niches along the neural tube to colonise the entire CNS. Like many other such events, this migratory process is precisely regulated by a battery of positional and signalling cues that act via their corresponding receptors and that are expressed dynamically by OPCs. Here, we will review the cellular and molecular basis of this important event during embryonic and postnatal development, and we will discuss the relevance of the substantial number of OPCs existing in the adult CNS. Similarly, we will consider the behaviour of OPCs in normal and pathological conditions, especially in animal models of demyelination and of the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. The spontaneous remyelination observed after damage in demyelinating pathologies has a limited effect. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of OPCs, particularly adult OPCs, should help in the design of neuroregenerative strategies to combat multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Castro
- Grupo de Neurobiología del Desarrollo-GNDe, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos-SESCAM, Finca "La Peraleda" s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain,
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Fortin Ensign SP, Mathews IT, Symons MH, Berens ME, Tran NL. Implications of Rho GTPase Signaling in Glioma Cell Invasion and Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2013; 3:241. [PMID: 24109588 PMCID: PMC3790103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant of primary adult brain tumors, characterized by a highly locally invasive cell population, as well as abundant proliferative cells, neoangiogenesis, and necrosis. Clinical intervention with chemotherapy or radiation may either promote or establish an environment for manifestation of invasive behavior. Understanding the molecular drivers of invasion in the context of glioma progression may be insightful in directing new treatments for patients with GB. Here, we review current knowledge on Rho family GTPases, their aberrant regulation in GB, and their effect on GB cell invasion and tumor progression. Rho GTPases are modulators of cell migration through effects on actin cytoskeleton rearrangement; in non-neoplastic tissue, expression and activation of Rho GTPases are normally under tight regulation. In GB, Rho GTPases are deregulated, often via hyperactivity or overexpression of their activators, Rho GEFs. Downstream effectors of Rho GTPases have been shown to promote invasiveness and, importantly, glioma cell survival. The study of aberrant Rho GTPase signaling in GB is thus an important investigation of cell invasion as well as treatment resistance and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Patricia Fortin Ensign
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix, AZ , USA ; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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Rudov A, Rocchi MBL, Accorsi A, Spada G, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Rippo MR, Albertini MC. Putative miRNAs for the diagnosis of dyslexia, dyspraxia, and specific language impairment. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1023-9. [PMID: 23949389 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of human communication abilities can be classified into speech and language disorders. Speech disorders (e.g., dyspraxia) affect the sound generation and sequencing, while language disorders (e.g., dyslexia and specific language impairment, or SLI) are deficits in the encoding and decoding of language according to its rules (reading, spelling, grammar). The diagnosis of such disorders is often complicated, especially when a patient presents more than one disorder at the same time. The present review focuses on these challenges. We have combined data available from the literature with an in silico approach in an attempt to identify putative miRNAs that may have a key role in dyspraxia, dyslexia and SLI. We suggest the use of new miRNAs, which could have an important impact on the three diseases. Further, we relate those miRNAs to the axon guidance pathway and discuss possible interactions and the role of likely deregulated proteins. In addition, we describe potential differences in expressional deregulation and its role in the improvement of diagnosis. We encourage experimental investigations to test the data obtained in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rudov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Urbino University ''Carlo Bo''; Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Accorsi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Urbino University ''Carlo Bo''; Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Spada
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Fondamenti; Urbino University ''Carlo Bo''; Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences; Università Politecnica delle Marche; Ancona, Italy
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50
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Reyes SB, Narayanan AS, Lee HS, Tchaicha JH, Aldape KD, Lang FF, Tolias KF, McCarty JH. αvβ8 integrin interacts with RhoGDI1 to regulate Rac1 and Cdc42 activation and drive glioblastoma cell invasion. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:474-82. [PMID: 23283986 PMCID: PMC3571870 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-07-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments with human cancer glioblastoma multiforme cell lines, primary patient samples, and preclinical mouse models are performed to show that αvβ8 integrin and RhoGDI1 are components of a signaling axis that drives brain tumor cell invasion via regulation of Rho GTPase activation. The malignant brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) displays invasive growth behaviors that are regulated by extracellular cues within the neural microenvironment. The adhesion and signaling pathways that drive GBM cell invasion remain largely uncharacterized. Here we use human GBM cell lines, primary patient samples, and preclinical mouse models to demonstrate that integrin αvβ8 is a major driver of GBM cell invasion. β8 integrin is overexpressed in many human GBM cells, with higher integrin expression correlating with increased invasion and diminished patient survival. Silencing β8 integrin in human GBM cells leads to impaired tumor cell invasion due to hyperactivation of the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. β8 integrin coimmunoprecipitates with Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1), an intracellular signaling effector that sequesters Rho GTPases in their inactive GDP-bound states. Silencing RhoGDI1 expression or uncoupling αvβ8 integrin–RhoGDI1 protein interactions blocks GBM cell invasion due to Rho GTPase hyperactivation. These data reveal for the first time that αvβ8 integrin, via interactions with RhoGDI1, regulates activation of Rho proteins to promote GBM cell invasiveness. Hence targeting the αvβ8 integrin–RhoGDI1 signaling axis might be an effective strategy for blocking GBM cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve B Reyes
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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