1
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LeBleu VS, Kanasaki K, Lovisa S, Alge JL, Kim J, Chen Y, Teng Y, Gerami-Naini B, Sugimoto H, Kato N, Revuelta I, Grau N, Sleeman JP, Taduri G, Kizu A, Rafii S, Hochedlinger K, Quaggin SE, Kalluri R. Genetic reprogramming with stem cells regenerates glomerular epithelial podocytes in Alport syndrome. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402664. [PMID: 38561223 PMCID: PMC10985218 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glomerular filtration relies on the type IV collagen (ColIV) network of the glomerular basement membrane, namely, in the triple helical molecules containing the α3, α4, and α5 chains of ColIV. Loss of function mutations in the genes encoding these chains (Col4a3, Col4a4, and Col4a5) is associated with the loss of renal function observed in Alport syndrome (AS). Precise understanding of the cellular basis for the patho-mechanism remains unknown and a specific therapy for this disease does not currently exist. Here, we generated a novel allele for the conditional deletion of Col4a3 in different glomerular cell types in mice. We found that podocytes specifically generate α3 chains in the developing glomerular basement membrane, and that its absence is sufficient to impair glomerular filtration as seen in AS. Next, we show that horizontal gene transfer, enhanced by TGFβ1 and using allogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, rescues Col4a3 expression and revive kidney function in Col4a3-deficient AS mice. Our proof-of-concept study supports that horizontal gene transfer such as cell fusion enables cell-based therapy in Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Chicago, IL, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph L Alge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiha Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingqi Teng
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Behzad Gerami-Naini
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Grau
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gangadhar Taduri
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akane Kizu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine & Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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LeBleu VS, Dai J, Tsutakawa S, MacDonald BA, Alge JL, Sund M, Xie L, Sugimoto H, Tainer J, Zon LI, Kalluri R. Identification of unique α4 chain structure and conserved antiangiogenic activity of α3NC1 type IV collagen in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1046-1060. [PMID: 37002899 PMCID: PMC10524752 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type IV collagen is an abundant component of basement membranes in all multicellular species and is essential for the extracellular scaffold supporting tissue architecture and function. Lower organisms typically have two type IV collagen genes, encoding α1 and α2 chains, in contrast with the six genes in humans, encoding α1-α6 chains. The α chains assemble into trimeric protomers, the building blocks of the type IV collagen network. The detailed evolutionary conservation of type IV collagen network remains to be studied. RESULTS We report on the molecular evolution of type IV collagen genes. The zebrafish α4 non-collagenous (NC1) domain, in contrast with its human ortholog, contains an additional cysteine residue and lacks the M93 and K211 residues involved in sulfilimine bond formation between adjacent protomers. This may alter α4 chain interactions with other α chains, as supported by temporal and anatomic expression patterns of collagen IV chains during the zebrafish development. Despite the divergence between zebrafish and human α3 NC1 domain (endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, Tumstatin), the zebrafish α3 NC1 domain exhibits conserved antiangiogenic activity in human endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our work supports type IV collagen is largely conserved between zebrafish and humans, with a possible difference involving the α4 chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianli Dai
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Tsutakawa
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brian A MacDonald
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph L Alge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Malin Sund
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Tainer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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3
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Alge JL, Bekheirnia N, Willcockson AR, Qin X, Scherer SE, Braun MC, Bekheirnia MR. Variants in genes coding for collagen type IV α-chains are frequent causes of persistent, isolated hematuria during childhood. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:687-695. [PMID: 35759000 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with persistent, isolated microscopic hematuria typically undergo a limited diagnostic workup and are monitored for signs of kidney disease in long-term longitudinal follow-up, which can delay diagnosis and allow disease progression in some cases. METHODS To determine the clinical utility of genetic screening in this population, we performed targeted genetic testing using a custom, 32-gene next-generation sequencing panel for progressive kidney disease on children referred to the Texas Children's Hospital Pediatric Nephrology clinic for persistent, microscopic hematuria (n = 30; cohort 1). Patients with microscopic hematuria identified by urinalysis on at least two separate occasions were eligible for enrollment, but those with other evidence of kidney disease were excluded. Results were analyzed for sequence variants using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guideline for data interpretation and were validated using a secondary analysis of a dataset of children with hematuria and normal kidney function who had undergone genetic testing as part of an industry-sponsored program (cohort 2; n = 67). RESULTS In cohort 1 33% of subjects (10/30) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in the type IV collagen genes (COL4A3/A4/A5), and 10% (3/30) had variants of uncertain significance in these genes. The high diagnostic rate in type IV collagen genes was confirmed in cohort 2, where 27% (18/67) of subjects had P/LP variants in COL4A3/A4/A5 genes. CONCLUSIONS Children with persistent, isolated microscopic hematuria have a high likelihood of having pathogenic variants in type IV collagen genes and genetic screening should be considered. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Alge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nasim Bekheirnia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Xiang Qin
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Steven E Scherer
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Baylor College Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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4
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Gao Y, Yuan L, Yuan J, Yang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhang H, Ai Y, Deng H. Identification of COL4A4 variants in Chinese patients with familial hematuria. Front Genet 2023; 13:1064491. [PMID: 36699462 PMCID: PMC9868811 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1064491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Benign familial hematuria and Alport syndrome are common causes of familial hematuria among children and young adults, which are attributable to variants in the collagen type IV alpha chain genes, COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5. The study was conducted to identify the underlying genetic causes in patients with familial hematuria. Methods: Two unrelated Han-Chinese pedigrees with familial hematuria were recruited for this study. Whole exome sequencing was combined with in silico analysis to identify potential genetic variants, followed by variant confirmation by Sanger sequencing. Reverse transcription, PCR, and Sanger sequencing were performed to evaluate the effect of the detected splicing variant on mRNA splicing. Results: A novel heterozygous splicing c.595-1G>A variant and a known heterozygous c.1715G>C variant in the collagen type IV alpha 4 chain gene (COL4A4) were identified and confirmed in patients of pedigree 1 and pedigree 2, respectively. Complementary DNA analysis indicated this splicing variant could abolish the canonical splice acceptor site and cause a single nucleotide deletion of exon 10, which was predicted to produce a truncated protein. Conclusions: The two COL4A4 variants, c.595-1G>A variant and c.1715G>C (p.Gly572Ala) variant, were identified as the genetic etiologies of two families with familial hematuria, respectively. Our study broadened the variant spectrum of the COL4A4 gene and explained the possible pathogenesis, which will benefit clinical management and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinzhong Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinze Ai
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Hao Deng,
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5
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Chakravarti S, Enzo E, de Barros MRM, Maffezzoni MBR, Pellegrini G. Genetic Disorders of the Extracellular Matrix: From Cell and Gene Therapy to Future Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:193-222. [PMID: 35537467 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metazoans have evolved to produce various types of extracellular matrix (ECM) that provide structural support, cell adhesion, cell-cell communication, and regulated exposure to external cues. Epithelial cells produce and adhere to a specialized sheet-like ECM, the basement membrane, that is critical for cellular homeostasis and tissue integrity. Mesenchymal cells, such as chondrocytes in cartilaginous tissues and keratocytes in the corneal stroma, produce a pericellular matrix that presents optimal levels of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and nutrients to the cell and regulates mechanosensory signals through specific cytoskeletal and cell surface receptor interactions. Here, we discuss laminins, collagen types IV and VII, and perlecan, which are major components of these two types of ECM. We examine genetic defects in these components that cause basement membrane pathologies such as epidermolysis bullosa, Alport syndrome, rare pericellular matrix-related chondrodysplasias, and corneal keratoconus and discuss recent advances in cell and gene therapies being developed for some of these disorders. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| | - Elena Enzo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; , ,
| | - Maithê Rocha Monteiro de Barros
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA; ,
| | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; , ,
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6
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Nissen G, Hollaender H, Tang FSM, Wegmann M, Lunding L, Vock C, Bachmann A, Lemmel S, Bartels R, Oliver BG, Burgess JK, Becker T, Kopp MV, Weckmann M. Tumstatin fragment selectively inhibits neutrophil infiltration in experimental asthma exacerbation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1483-1493. [PMID: 30028047 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with structural changes present. Burgess and colleagues recently found tumstatin markedly reduced in adult asthmatic lung tissue compared with nonasthmatics. ECM fragments such as tumstatin are named matrikines and act independently of the parent molecule. The role of Col IV matrikines in neutrophil inflammation (eg. exacerbation in asthma) has not been investigated to date. Severe adult asthma phenotypes are dominated by neutrophilic inflammation and show a high frequency of severe exacerbations. OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate the role of a novel active region within tumstatin (CP17) and its implication in neutrophil inflammatory responses related to asthma exacerbation. METHODS For reactive oxygen production, isolated neutrophils were preincubated with peptides or vehicle for 1 hour and stimulated (PMA). Luminescence signal was recorded (integration over 10 seconds) for 1.5 hours. Neutrophil migration was performed according to the SiMA protocol. Mice were sensitized to OVA/Alumn by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections. Mice were then treated with CP17, vehicle (PBS) or scrambled peptide (SP17) after OVA exposure (days 27 and 28, polyI:C stimulation). All animals were killed on day 29 with lung function measurement, histology and lavage. RESULTS CP17 decreased total ROS production rate to 52.44% (0.5 μmol/L, P < 0.05 vs SP17), reduced the in vitro directionality (vs SP17, P = 1 × 10-6 ) and migration speed (5 μmol/L, P = 1 × 10-3 ). In vivo application of CP17 decreased neutrophil inflammation ~1.8-fold (P < 0.001 vs SP17) and reduced numbers of mucus-producing cells (-29%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CP17 reduced the ROS production rate, migrational speed and selectively inhibited neutrophil accumulation in the lung interstitium and lumen. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CP17 may serve as a potential precursor for drug development to combat overwhelming neutrophil inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyde Nissen
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Henrike Hollaender
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Francesca S M Tang
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lars Lunding
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Division of Experimental Pneumology, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anna Bachmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Solveig Lemmel
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Rainer Bartels
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Division of Structural Biochemistry, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Becker
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Marine Biotechnology (Fraunhofer EMB), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias V Kopp
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
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7
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Fidler AL, Boudko SP, Rokas A, Hudson BG. The triple helix of collagens - an ancient protein structure that enabled animal multicellularity and tissue evolution. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs203950. [PMID: 29632050 PMCID: PMC5963836 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment, characterized by an extracellular matrix (ECM), played an essential role in the transition from unicellularity to multicellularity in animals (metazoans), and in the subsequent evolution of diverse animal tissues and organs. A major ECM component are members of the collagen superfamily -comprising 28 types in vertebrates - that exist in diverse supramolecular assemblies ranging from networks to fibrils. Each assembly is characterized by a hallmark feature, a protein structure called a triple helix. A current gap in knowledge is understanding the mechanisms of how the triple helix encodes and utilizes information in building scaffolds on the outside of cells. Type IV collagen, recently revealed as the evolutionarily most ancient member of the collagen superfamily, serves as an archetype for a fresh view of fundamental structural features of a triple helix that underlie the diversity of biological activities of collagens. In this Opinion, we argue that the triple helix is a protein structure of fundamental importance in building the extracellular matrix, which enabled animal multicellularity and tissue evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Fidler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medical Education and Administration, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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8
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Meehan DT, Delimont D, Dufek B, Zallocchi M, Phillips G, Gratton MA, Cosgrove D. Endothelin-1 mediated induction of extracellular matrix genes in strial marginal cells underlies strial pathology in Alport mice. Hear Res 2016; 341:100-108. [PMID: 27553900 PMCID: PMC5086449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alport syndrome, a type IV collagen disorder, manifests as glomerular disease associated with hearing loss with thickening of the glomerular and strial capillary basement membranes (SCBMs). We have identified a role for endothelin-1 (ET-1) activation of endothelin A receptors (ETARs) in glomerular pathogenesis. Here we explore whether ET-1 plays a role in strial pathology. Wild type (WT) and Alport mice were treated with the ETAR antagonist, sitaxentan. The stria vascularis was analyzed for SCBM thickness and for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Additional WT and Alport mice were exposed to noise or hypoxia and the stria analyzed for hypoxia-related and ECM genes. A strial marginal cell line cultured under hypoxic conditions, or stimulated with ET-1 was analyzed for expression of hypoxia-related and ECM transcripts. Noise exposure resulted in significantly elevated ABR thresholds in Alport mice relative to wild type littermates. Alport stria showed elevated expression of collagen α1(IV), laminin α2, and laminin α5 proteins relative to WT. SCBM thickening and elevated ECM protein expression was ameliorated by ETAR blockade. Stria from normoxic Alport mice and hypoxic WT mice showed upregulation of hypoxia-related, ECM, and ET-1 transcripts. Both ET-1 stimulation and hypoxia up-regulated ECM transcripts in cultured marginal cells. We conclude that ET-1 mediated activation of ETARs on strial marginal cells results in elevated expression of ECM genes and thickening of the SCBMs in Alport mice. SCBM thickening results in hypoxic stress further elevating ECM and ET-1 gene expression, exacerbating strial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brianna Dufek
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dominic Cosgrove
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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9
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Endothelin A receptor activation on mesangial cells initiates Alport glomerular disease. Kidney Int 2016; 90:300-310. [PMID: 27165837 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent work demonstrates that Alport glomerular disease is mediated through a biomechanical strain-sensitive activation of mesangial actin dynamics. This occurs through a Rac1/CDC42 cross-talk mechanism that results in the invasion of the subcapillary spaces by mesangial filopodia. The filopodia deposit mesangial matrix proteins in the glomerular basement membrane, including laminin 211, which activates focal adhesion kinase in podocytes culminating in the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases. These events drive the progression of glomerulonephritis. Here we test whether endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 is up-regulated in Alport glomeruli and further elevated by hypertension. Treatment of cultured mesangial cells with endothelin-1 activates the formation of drebrin-positive actin microspikes. These microspikes do not form when cells are treated with the endothelin A receptor antagonist sitaxentan or under conditions of small, interfering RNA knockdown of endothelin A receptor mRNA. Treatment of Alport mice with sitaxentan results in delayed onset of proteinuria, normalized glomerular basement membrane morphology, inhibition of mesangial filopodial invasion of the glomerular capillaries, normalization of glomerular expression of metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines, increased life span, and prevention of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Thus endothelin A receptor activation on mesangial cells is a key event in initiation of Alport glomerular disease in this model.
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Takeuchi M, Yamaguchi S, Yonemura S, Kakiguchi K, Sato Y, Higashiyama T, Shimizu T, Hibi M. Type IV Collagen Controls the Axogenesis of Cerebellar Granule Cells by Regulating Basement Membrane Integrity in Zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005587. [PMID: 26451951 PMCID: PMC4599943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Granule cells (GCs) are the major glutamatergic neurons in the cerebellum, and GC axon formation is an initial step in establishing functional cerebellar circuits. In the zebrafish cerebellum, GCs can be classified into rostromedial and caudolateral groups, according to the locations of their somata in the corresponding cerebellar lobes. The axons of the GCs in the caudolateral lobes terminate on crest cells in the dorsal hindbrain, as well as forming en passant synapses with Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. In the zebrafish mutant shiomaneki, the caudolateral GCs extend aberrant axons. Positional cloning revealed that the shiomaneki (sio) gene locus encodes Col4a6, a subunit of type IV collagen, which, in a complex with Col4a5, is a basement membrane (BM) component. Both col4a5 and col4a6 mutants displayed similar abnormalities in the axogenesis of GCs and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although type IV collagen is reported to control axon targeting by regulating the concentration gradient of an axonal guidance molecule Slit, Slit overexpression did not affect the GC axons. The structure of the BM surrounding the tectum and dorsal hindbrain was disorganized in the col4a5 and col4a6 mutants. Moreover, the abnormal axogenesis of the caudolateral GCs and the RGCs was coupled with aberrant BM structures in the type IV collagen mutants. The regrowth of GC axons after experimental ablation revealed that the original and newly formed axons displayed similar branching and extension abnormalities in the col4a6 mutants. These results collectively suggest that type IV collagen controls GC axon formation by regulating the integrity of the BM, which provides axons with the correct path to their targets. The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and motor learning. Granule cells are the major excitatory neurons in the cerebellum. It is largely unknown how the formation of cerebellar neural circuits, including the elaboration of granule cell axons, is controlled. We investigated a zebrafish mutant shiomaneki, in which some of the granule cells have abnormal axons. We identified collagen (col) 4a6 as the gene responsible for the mutant phenotype. Col4a6 forms a complex with Col4a5, which is a component of the basement membrane. We found that mutants of both col4a5 and col4a6 showed similar axonal abnormalities in both the granule cells and the retinal ganglion cells, and that the basement membrane structure surrounding the central nervous system was disrupted in these mutants. Furthermore, the abnormalities in granule cell axon formation were coupled with aberrant basement membrane structures in the col4a6 mutants. These data suggest that type IV collagen controls the axon formation of some types of neurons by establishing and/or maintaining the integrity of the basement membrane, which provides axons with the correct path to their targets. These findings may explain some aspects of a human disorder, Alport syndrome, which is caused by mutations in type IV collagen genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Organogenesis and Organ Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamaguchi
- Devision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Ultrastructural Research Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kisa Kakiguchi
- Ultrastructural Research Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Sato
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Organogenesis and Organ Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Devision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hibi
- Laboratory of Organogenesis and Organ Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Devision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Monboisse JC, Oudart JB, Ramont L, Brassart-Pasco S, Maquart FX. Matrikines from basement membrane collagens: a new anti-cancer strategy. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2589-98. [PMID: 24406397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment is a complex system composed of a largely altered extracellular matrix with different cell types that determine angiogenic responses and tumor progression. Upon the influence of hypoxia, tumor cells secrete cytokines that activate stromal cells to produce proteases and angiogenic factors. In addition to stromal ECM breakdown, proteases exert various pro- or anti-tumorigenic functions and participate in the release of various ECM fragments, named matrikines or matricryptins, capable to act as endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors and to limit tumor progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW We will focus on the matrikines derived from the NC1 domains of the different constitutive chains of basement membrane-associated collagens and mainly collagen IV. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The putative targets of the matrikine control are the proliferation and invasive properties of tumor or inflammatory cells, and the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses. Collagen-derived matrikines such as canstatin, tumstatin or tetrastatin for example, decrease tumor growth in various cancer models. Their anti-cancer activities comprise anti-proliferative effects on tumor or endothelial cells by induction of apoptosis or cell cycle blockade and the induction of a loss of their migratory phenotype. They were used in various preclinical therapeutic strategies: i) induction of their overexpression by cancer cells or by the host cells, ii) use of recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides or structural analogues designed from the structure of the active sequences, iii) used in combined therapies with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Collagen-derived matrikines strongly inhibited tumor growth in many preclinical cancer models in mouse. They constitute a new family of anti-cancer agents able to limit cancer progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Monboisse
- FRE CNRS/URCA 7369, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Médecine, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France; Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, CHU de Reims, France
| | - Jean Baptiste Oudart
- FRE CNRS/URCA 7369, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Médecine, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France; Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, CHU de Reims, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- FRE CNRS/URCA 7369, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Médecine, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France; Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, CHU de Reims, France
| | - Sylvie Brassart-Pasco
- FRE CNRS/URCA 7369, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Médecine, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - François Xavier Maquart
- FRE CNRS/URCA 7369, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Médecine, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France; Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, CHU de Reims, France.
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Storey H, Savige J, Sivakumar V, Abbs S, Flinter FA. COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations and features in individuals with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1945-54. [PMID: 24052634 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome is an inherited disease characterized by hematuria, progressive renal failure, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Autosomal recessive Alport syndrome is suspected in consanguineous families and when female patients develop renal failure. Fifteen percent of patients with Alport syndrome have autosomal recessive inheritance caused by two pathogenic mutations in either COL4A3 or COL4A4. Here, we describe the mutations and clinical features in 40 individuals including 9 children and 21 female individuals (53%) with autosomal recessive inheritance indicated by the detection of two mutations. The median age was 31 years (range, 6-54 years). The median age at end stage renal failure was 22.5 years (range, 10-38 years), but renal function was normal in nine adults (29%). Hearing loss and ocular abnormalities were common (23 of 35 patients [66%] and 10 of 18 patients [56%], respectively). Twenty mutation pairs (50%) affected COL4A3 and 20 pairs affected COL4A4. Of the 68 variants identified, 39 were novel, 12 were homozygous changes, and 9 were present in multiple individuals, including c.2906C>G (p.(Ser969*)) in COL4A4, which was found in 23% of the patients. Thirty-six variants (53%) resulted directly or indirectly in a stop codon, and all 17 individuals with early onset renal failure had at least one such mutation, whereas these mutations were less common in patients with normal renal function or late-onset renal failure. In conclusion, patient phenotypes may vary depending on the underlying mutations, and genetic testing should be considered for the routine diagnosis of autosomal recessive Alport syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Storey
- DNA Laboratory, GSTS Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Massella L, Gangemi C, Giannakakis K, Crisafi A, Faraggiana T, Fallerini C, Renieri A, Muda AO, Emma F. Prognostic value of glomerular collagen IV immunofluorescence studies in male patients with X-linked Alport syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8:749-55. [PMID: 23371956 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07510712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES X-linked Alport syndrome (X-AS) is caused by mutations of the COL4A5 gene, which encodes for the collagen IV α5 chain (α5[COLIV]), resulting in structural and functional abnormalities of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and leading to CKD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of residual collagen IV chain expression in the GBM of patients with X-AS. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The medical records of 22 patients with X-AS from 21 unrelated families collected between 1987 and 2009 were reviewed (median age at last follow-up, 19.9 years; range, 5.4-35.1 years); GBM expression of α1, α3, and α5(COLIV) chains was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS GBM distribution of the α5(COLIV) chain was diffuse in 1 and segmental or absent in 21 of the 22 patients; the expression of the α3(COLIV) chain was diffuse in 5 of 22 patients and segmental or absent in 17 of 22 patients. Patients with diffuse staining for the α3(COLIV) chain presented with proteinuria significantly later (median age, 16.9 versus 6.1 years; P=0.02) and reached an estimated GFR < 90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) at an older age (median age, 27.0 versus 14.9 years; P=0.01) compared with patients with segmental or absent staining. Two thirds of patients with abnormal α3(COLIV) expression by immunofluorescence studies had null or truncating COL4A5 mutations, as opposed to none of the 4 tested patients with diffuse α3(COLIV) chain glomerular distribution. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that maintained expression of the α3(COLIV) chain is an early positive prognostic marker in patients with X-linked Alport symdrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Massella
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Nephrology and Urology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Kruegel J, Rubel D, Gross O. Alport syndrome--insights from basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012; 9:170-8. [PMID: 23165304 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2012.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In 1927, Arthur C. Alport first published his description of a triad of symptoms in a family with hereditary congenital haemorrhagic nephritis, deafness and ocular changes. A few years after his death, this group of symptoms was renamed Alport syndrome. To this day, Alport syndrome still inevitably leads to end-stage renal disease and the need for renal replacement therapy, starting in young adulthood. During the past two decades, research into this rare disease has focused on the effects of mutations in collagen type IV and the role of changes in podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane that lead to early kidney fibrosis. Animal models of Alport syndrome also demonstrate the pathogenetic importance of interactions between podocytes and the extracellular matrix. Such models might also help researchers to answer basic questions about podocyte function and the development of fibrosis, and to develop new therapeutic approaches that might be of use in other kidney diseases. In this Review, we discuss the latest basic and clinical research on Alport syndrome, focusing on the roles of podocyte pathology and the extracellular matrix. We also highlight early diagnosis and treatment options for young patients with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Kruegel
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Monboisse JC, Sénéchal K, Thevenard J, Ramont L, Brassart-Pasco S, Maquart FX. [Matrikines: a new anticancer therapeutic strategy]. Biol Aujourdhui 2012; 206:111-123. [PMID: 22748049 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is a complex system composed of a largely altered extracellular matrix (ECM) with different cell types that determine the angiogenic response. Upon the influence of hypoxia, tumor cells secrete cytokines that activate stromal cells to produce proteases and angiogenic factors. The proteases degrade the stromal ECM and participate in the release of various ECM fragments, named matrikines or matricryptins, capable to control tumor invasion and metastasis dissemination. We will focus on the matrikines derived from the NC1 domains of the different constitutive chains of basement membrane-associated collagens and mainly collagen IV. The putative targets of the matrikine action are the proliferation and invasive properties of tumor or inflammatory cells, and the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses. For example, canstatin, tumstatin and tetrastatin, respectively derived from the NC1 domains of α2, α3 and α4 chains of collagen IV, inhibit in vivo tumor growth in various experimental cancer models. Their anti-cancer activity comprises an anti-proliferative effect on tumor cells and on endothelial cells by induction of cell apoptosis or cell cycle blockade and the induction of a loss of their migratory phenotype. Matrikines constitute a new family of potent anticancer agents that could be used under various therapeutic strategies: i) induction of their overexpression by cancer cells or by the host cells, ii) use of recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides or structural analogues designed from the structure of the active sequences. These matrikines could be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy to limit tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Claude Monboisse
- FRE CNRS/URCA 3481, Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Médecine, 51 Rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France.
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Goodpasture's disease: molecular architecture of the autoantigen provides clues to etiology and pathogenesis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2011; 20:290-6. [PMID: 21378566 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e328344ff20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Goodpasture's disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the deposition of pathogenic autoantibodies in basement membranes of kidney and lung, which induces rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. The target antigen is the α3NC1 domain of collagen IV, which is expressed in target organs as an α345 network. Recent studies of specificity and epitopes of Goodpasture's autoantibodies and discovery of novel posttranslational modification of the antigen, a sulfilimine bond, provide further insight into mechanisms of initiation and progression of Goodpasture's disease. RECENT FINDINGS Analysis of the specificity of Goodpasture's autoantibodies revealed a distinct subset of circulating and kidney-bound antiα5NC1 antibody, which is associated with loss of kidney function. Structural integrity of the α345NC1 hexamer is stabilized by the novel sulfilimine crosslinks conferring immune privilege to the Goodpasture's autoantigen. Native antibodies may contribute to establishment of immune tolerance to autoantigen. Structural analysis of epitopes for autoantibodies and alloantibodies indicates a critical role of conformational change in the α345NC1 hexamer in eliciting an autoimmune response in Goodpasture's disease. SUMMARY Understanding of the quaternary structure of the Goodpasture's autoantigen continues to provide insights into autoimmune mechanisms that serve as a basis for development of novel diagnostic tools and therapies for Goodpasture's disease.
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