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Li W, Peng J, Yao D, Rao B, Xia Y, Wang Q, Li S, Cao M, Shen Y, Ma P, Liao R, Qin A, Zhao J, Cao Y. The structural basis for the collagen processing by human P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB ternary complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7844. [PMID: 39245686 PMCID: PMC11381544 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Collagen posttranslational processing is crucial for its proper assembly and function. Disruption of collagen processing leads to tissue development and structure disorders like osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). OI-related collagen processing machinery includes prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1), peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB), and cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP), with their structural organization and mechanism unclear. We determine cryo-EM structures of the P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB complex. The active sites of P3H1 and PPIB form a face-to-face bifunctional reaction center, indicating a coupled modification mechanism. The structure of the P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB/collagen peptide complex reveals multiple binding sites, suggesting a substrate interacting zone. Unexpectedly, a dual-ternary complex is observed, and the balance between ternary and dual-ternary states can be altered by mutations in the P3H1/PPIB active site and the addition of PPIB inhibitors. These findings provide insights into the structural basis of collagen processing by P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB and the molecular pathology of collagen-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjiang Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- Institute of Aging & Tissue Regeneration, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Rao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobai Li
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafeng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rijing Liao
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Degeneration and Regeneration in Skeletal System, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Chen S, Collart MA. Membrane-associated mRNAs: A Post-transcriptional Pathway for Fine-turning Gene Expression. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168579. [PMID: 38648968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Gene expression is a fundamental and highly regulated process involving a series of tightly coordinated steps, including transcription, post-transcriptional processing, translation, and post-translational modifications. A growing number of studies have revealed an additional layer of complexity in gene expression through the phenomenon of mRNA subcellular localization. mRNAs can be organized into membraneless subcellular structures within both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, but they can also targeted to membranes. In this review, we will summarize in particular our knowledge on localization of mRNAs to organelles, focusing on important regulators and available techniques for studying organellar localization, and significance of this localization in the broader context of gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Martine A Collart
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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3
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Michalak M. Calreticulin: Endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ gatekeeper. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17839. [PMID: 37424156 PMCID: PMC10902585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal Ca2+ is vital for the function of the ER and regulates many cellular processes. Calreticulin is a highly conserved, ER-resident Ca2+ binding protein and lectin-like chaperone. Over four decades of studying calreticulin demonstrate that this protein plays a crucial role in maintaining Ca2+ supply under different physiological conditions, in managing access to Ca2+ and how Ca2+ is used depending on the environmental events and in making sure that Ca2+ is not misused. Calreticulin plays a role of ER luminal Ca2+ sensor to manage Ca2+-dependent ER luminal events including maintaining interaction with its partners, Ca2+ handling molecules, substrates and stress sensors. The protein is strategically positioned in the lumen of the ER from where the protein manages access to and distribution of Ca2+ for many cellular Ca2+-signalling events. The importance of calreticulin Ca2+ pool extends beyond the ER and includes influence of cellular processes involved in many aspects of cellular pathophysiology. Abnormal handling of the ER Ca2+ contributes to many pathologies from heart failure to neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Michalak
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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4
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Kushwah AS, Dixit H, Upadhyay V, Yadav S, Verma SK, Prasad R. Elucidating the zinc-binding proteome of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici with particular emphasis on zinc-binding effector proteins. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:298. [PMID: 37516670 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a soil-borne phytopathogenic species which causes vascular wilt disease in the Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Due to the continuous competition for zinc usage by Fusarium and its host during infection makes zinc-binding proteins a hotspot for focused investigation. Zinc-binding effector proteins are pivotal during the infection process, working in conjunction with other essential proteins crucial for its biological activities. This work aims at identifying and analysing zinc-binding proteins and zinc-binding proteins effector candidates of Fusarium. We have identified three hundred forty-six putative zinc-binding proteins; among these proteins, we got two hundred and thirty zinc-binding proteins effector candidates. The functional annotation, subcellular localization, and Gene Ontology analysis of these putative zinc-binding proteins revealed their probable role in wide range of cellular and biological processes such as metabolism, gene expression, gene expression regulation, protein biosynthesis, protein folding, cell signalling, DNA repair, and RNA processing. Sixteen proteins were found to be putatively secretory in nature. Eleven of these were putative zinc-binding protein effector candidates may be involved in pathogen-host interaction during infection. The information obtained here may enhance our understanding to design, screen, and apply the zinc-metal ion-based antifungal agents to protect the S. lycopersicum and control the vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh Kushwah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Himisha Dixit
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Vipin Upadhyay
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Siddharth Yadav
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Shailender Kumar Verma
- Centre for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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5
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Kuwazuru J, Suico MA, Omachi K, Kojima H, Kamura M, Kaseda S, Kawahara T, Hitora Y, Kato H, Tsukamoto S, Wada M, Asano T, Kotani S, Nakajima M, Misumi S, Sannomiya Y, Horizono J, Koyama Y, Owaki A, Shuto T, Kai H. CyclosporinA Derivative as Therapeutic Candidate for Alport Syndrome by Inducing Mutant Type IV Collagen Secretion. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:909-917. [PMID: 37143203 PMCID: PMC10371266 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Key Points Screening of natural product extracts to find candidate compounds that increase mutant type IV collagen α 3,4,5 (α 345(IV)) trimer secretion in Alport syndrome (AS). Cyclosporin A (CsA) and alisporivir (ALV) increase mutant α 345(IV) trimer secretion in AS. PPIF/cyclophilin D mediates the effect of CsA and ALV on mutant trimer secretion. Background Type IV collagen α 3,4,5 (α 345(IV)) is an obligate trimer that is secreted to form a collagen network, which is the structural foundation of basement membrane. Mutation in one of the genes (COL4A3 , A4 , A5 ) encoding these proteins underlies the progressive genetic nephropathy Alport syndrome (AS) due to deficiency in trimerization and/or secretion of the α 345(IV) trimer. Thus, improving mutant α 345(IV) trimerization and secretion could be a good therapeutic approach for AS. Methods Using the nanoluciferase-based platform that we previously developed to detect α 345(IV) formation and secretion in HEK293T cells, we screened libraries of natural product extracts and compounds to find a candidate compound capable of increasing mutant α 345(IV) secretion. Results The screening of >13,000 extracts and >600 compounds revealed that cyclosporin A (CsA) increased the secretion of mutant α 345(IV)-G1244D. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of CsA, we evaluated CsA derivatives with different ability to bind to calcineurin (Cn) and cyclophilin (Cyp). Alisporivir (ALV), which binds to Cyp but not to Cn, increased the trimer secretion of mutant α 345(IV). Knockdown studies on Cyps showed that PPIF/cyclophilin D was involved in the trimer secretion-enhancing activity of CsA and ALV. We confirmed that other α 345(IV) mutants are also responsive to CsA and ALV. Conclusions CsA was previously reported to improve proteinuria in patients with AS, but owing to its nephrotoxic effect, CsA is not recommended for treatment in patients with AS. Our data raise the possibility that ALV could be a safer option than CsA. This study provides a novel therapeutic candidate for AS with an innovative mechanism of action and reveals an aspect of the intracellular regulatory mechanism of α 345(IV) that was previously unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kuwazuru
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Omachi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Kojima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Misato Kamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shota Kaseda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teppei Kawahara
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Useful and Unique Natural Products for Drug Discovery and Development (UpRod), Program for Building Regional Innovation Ecosystems, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Hitora
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kato
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mikiyo Wada
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Useful and Unique Natural Products for Drug Discovery and Development (UpRod), Program for Building Regional Innovation Ecosystems, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Asano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kotani
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakajima
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Sannomiya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Horizono
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuimi Koyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Aimi Owaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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6
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Seal S, Banerjee N, Mahato R, Kundu T, Sinha D, Chakraborty T, Sinha D, Sau K, Chatterjee S, Sau S. Serine 106 preserves the tertiary structure, function, and stability of a cyclophilin from Staphylococcus aureus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1479-1494. [PMID: 34967275 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2021992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SaCyp, a staphylococcal cyclophilin involved in both protein folding and pathogenesis, has a Ser residue at position 106 and a Trp residue at position 136. While Ser 106 of SaCyp aligned with a cyclosporin A (CsA) binding Ala residue, its Trp 136 aligned with a Trp or a Phe residue of most other cyclophilins. To demonstrate the exact roles of Ser 106 and Trp 136 in SaCyp, we have elaborately studied rCyp[S106A] and rCyp[W136A], two-point mutants of a recombinant SaCyp (rCyp) harboring an Ala substitution at positions 106 and 136, respectively. Of the mutants, rCyp[W136A] showed the rCyp-like CsA binding affinity and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. Conversely, the PPIase activity, CsA binding affinity, stability, tertiary structure, surface hydrophobicity, and Trp accessibility of rCyp[S106A] notably differed from those of rCyp. The computational experiments also reveal that the structure, dimension, and fluctuation of SaCyp are not identical to those of SaCyp[S106A]. Furthermore, Ser at position 106 of SaCyp, compared to Ala at the same position, formed a higher number of non-covalent bonds with CsA. Collectively, Ser 106 is an indispensable residue for SaCyp that keeps its tertiary structure, function, and stability intact.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Seal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rohit Mahato
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanmoy Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Debasmita Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Keya Sau
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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7
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Calnexin, More Than Just a Molecular Chaperone. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030403. [PMID: 36766745 PMCID: PMC9913998 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calnexin is a type I integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein with an N-terminal domain that resides in the lumen of the ER and a C-terminal domain that extends into the cytosol. Calnexin is commonly referred to as a molecular chaperone involved in the folding and quality control of membrane-associated and secreted proteins, a function that is attributed to its ER- localized domain with a structure that bears a strong resemblance to another luminal ER chaperone and Ca2+-binding protein known as calreticulin. Studies have discovered that the cytosolic C-terminal domain of calnexin undergoes distinct post-translational modifications and interacts with a variety of proteins. Here, we discuss recent findings and hypothesize that the post-translational modifications of the calnexin C-terminal domain and its interaction with specific cytosolic proteins play a role in coordinating ER functions with events taking place in the cytosol and other cellular compartments.
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8
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Mamidi AS, Surolia A. Mixed mechanism of conformational selection and induced fit as a molecular recognition process in the calreticulin family of proteins. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010661. [PMID: 36508460 PMCID: PMC9744295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental question on the mechanism of molecular recognition during ligand binding has attracted a lot of scientific scrutiny. The two competing theories of ligand binding-"induced fit" and "conformational selection" have been proposed to explain biomolecular recognition. Since exploring a family of proteins with similar structural architectures and conserved functional roles can provide valuable insight into the significance of molecular structure and function, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the calreticulin family of proteins, which specifically recognize monoglucosylated N-glycan during the protein folding process. Atomistic simulations of lectins in free and bound forms demonstrated that they exist in several conformations spanning from favorable to unfavorable for glycan binding. Our analysis was confined to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of these lectins to demonstrate the degree of conservation in protein sequence and structure and relate them with their function. Furthermore, we computed the lectin-glycan binding affinity using the mmPBSA approach to identify the most favorable lectin conformation for glycan binding and compared the molecular interaction fields in terms of noncovalent bond interactions. We also demonstrated the involvement of Tyr and Trp residues in the CRD with the non-reducing end glucose and central mannose residues, which contribute to some of the specific interactions. Furthermore, we analyzed the conformational changes in the CRD through SASA, RMSFs and protein surface topography mapping of electrostatic and hydrophobic potentials. Our findings demonstrate a hybrid mechanism of molecular recognition, initially driven by conformational selection followed by glycan-induced fluctuations in the key residues to strengthen the glycan binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore–India
- * E-mail: (ASM); (AS)
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9
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Calreticulin mutations affect its chaperone function and perturb the glycoproteome. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Bloemeke N, Meighen‐Berger K, Hitzenberger M, Bach NC, Parr M, Coelho JPL, Frishman D, Zacharias M, Sieber SA, Feige MJ. Intramembrane client recognition potentiates the chaperone functions of calnexin. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110959. [PMID: 36314723 PMCID: PMC9753464 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One-third of the human proteome is comprised of membrane proteins, which are particularly vulnerable to misfolding and often require folding assistance by molecular chaperones. Calnexin (CNX), which engages client proteins via its sugar-binding lectin domain, is one of the most abundant ER chaperones, and plays an important role in membrane protein biogenesis. Based on mass spectrometric analyses, we here show that calnexin interacts with a large number of nonglycosylated membrane proteins, indicative of additional nonlectin binding modes. We find that calnexin preferentially bind misfolded membrane proteins and that it uses its single transmembrane domain (TMD) for client recognition. Combining experimental and computational approaches, we systematically dissect signatures for intramembrane client recognition by calnexin, and identify sequence motifs within the calnexin TMD region that mediate client binding. Building on this, we show that intramembrane client binding potentiates the chaperone functions of calnexin. Together, these data reveal a widespread role of calnexin client recognition in the lipid bilayer, which synergizes with its established lectin-based substrate binding. Molecular chaperones thus can combine different interaction modes to support the biogenesis of the diverse eukaryotic membrane proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bloemeke
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Kevin Meighen‐Berger
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Manuel Hitzenberger
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Nina C Bach
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Marina Parr
- Department of Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Joao PL Coelho
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Stephan A Sieber
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Department of Bioscience, Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), TUM School of Natural SciencesTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
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11
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Sakono M. ER Endogenous Protein Complexed with Lectin Chaperones Calnexin/Calreticulin. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2119.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Sakono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama
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12
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Sakono M. ER Endogenous Protein Complexed with Lectin Chaperones Calnexin/Calreticulin. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2119.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Sakono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama
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13
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Takeda Y, Kikuma T. UDP-glucose:Glycoprotein Glucosyltransferase–Selenof Complex: A Potential Glycoprotein-folding Machine. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2118.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Takashi Kikuma
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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14
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Takeda Y, Kikuma T. UDP-glucose:Glycoprotein Glucosyltransferase–Selenof Complex: A Potential Glycoprotein-folding Machine. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2118.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Takeda
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Takashi Kikuma
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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15
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Kuribara T, Totani K. Oligomannose-Type Glycan Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its Importance in Misfolding Diseases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020199. [PMID: 35205066 PMCID: PMC8869290 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glycans play many roles in biological processes. For instance, they mediate cell–cell interaction, viral infection, and protein folding of glycoproteins. Glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely related to the onset of diseases such as misfolding diseases caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. In this review, we focused on oligomannose-type glycan processing in the ER, which has central roles in glycoprotein folding in the ER, and we summarise relationship between oligomannose-type glycan processing and misfolding diseases arising from the disruption of ER homeostasis. Abstract Glycoprotein folding plays a critical role in sorting glycoprotein secretion and degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Furthermore, relationships between glycoprotein folding and several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and various neurodegenerative disorders, are indicated. Patients’ cells with type 2 diabetes, and various neurodegenerative disorders induce ER stress, against which the cells utilize the unfolded protein response for protection. However, in some cases, chronic and/or massive ER stress causes critical damage to cells, leading to the onset of ER stress-related diseases, which are categorized into misfolding diseases. Accumulation of misfolded proteins may be a cause of ER stress, in this respect, perturbation of oligomannose-type glycan processing in the ER may occur. A great number of studies indicate the relationships between ER stress and misfolding diseases, while little evidence has been reported on the connection between oligomannose-type glycan processing and misfolding diseases. In this review, we summarize alteration of oligomannose-type glycan processing in several ER stress-related diseases, especially misfolding diseases and show the possibility of these alteration of oligomannose-type glycan processing as indicators of diseases.
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16
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Zhou Y, Fan F, Han Y, Lu D. Arabidopsis PDI11 interacts with lectin molecular chaperons calreticulin 1 and 2 through its D domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 588:55-60. [PMID: 34952470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is equipped with protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), molecular chaperons, and other folding enzymes to ensure that newly synthesized proteins in the ER are properly folded. Molecular chaperons and PDIs can form complex to promote protein folding in the ER of mammalian cells. In plants, many PDIs associate with each other and function cooperatively in oxidative protein folding. As a plant unique protein disulfide isomerase, Arabidopsis thaliana PDI11 (AtPDI11) demonstrates oxidative protein folding activities and works synergistically with AtPDI2/5. However, whether AtPDI11 associates with molecular chaperons or AtPDIs in catalyzing disulfide formation remained unknown. Here, we find that AtPDI11 interacts with ER resident lectin chaperones calreticulin 1 (CRT1) and CRT2. Furthermore, the D domain, but not the a or a' domain of AtPDI11 provides the biding sites for its interaction with CRT1/2. Moreover, the P domain of CRT1 is responsible for its interaction with AtPDI11. Our work implies that Arabidopsis CRT1/2 may specifically recruit AtPDI11 to assist the folding of glycoproteins in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fenggui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education & College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yongfeng Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Dongping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050021, China.
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17
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Tsolaki VDC, Georgiou-Siafis SK, Tsamadou AI, Tsiftsoglou SA, Samiotaki M, Panayotou G, Tsiftsoglou AS. Hemin accumulation and identification of a heme-binding protein clan in K562 cells by proteomic and computational analysis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1315-1340. [PMID: 34617268 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is an essential regulator conserved in all known organisms. We investigated the kinetics of intracellular accumulation of hemin (oxidized form) in human transformed proerythroid K562 cells using [14 C]-hemin and observed that it is time and temperature-dependent, affected by the presence of serum proteins, as well as the amphipathic/hydrophobic properties of hemin. Hemin-uptake exhibited saturation kinetics as a function of the concentration added, suggesting the involvement of a carrier-cell surface receptor-mediated process. The majority of intracellular hemin accumulated in the cytoplasm, while a substantial portion entered the nucleus. Cytosolic proteins isolated by hemin-agarose affinity column chromatography (HACC) were found to form stable complexes with [59 Fe]-hemin. The HACC fractionation and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and nuclear protein isolates from K562 cell extracts revealed the presence of a large number of hemin-binding proteins (HeBPs) of diverse ontologies, including heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, enzymes, and signaling proteins such as actinin a4, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 as well as several others. The subsequent computational analysis of the identified HeBPs using HemoQuest confirmed the presence of various hemin/heme-binding motifs [C(X)nC, H, Y] in their primary structures and conformations. The possibility that these HeBPs contribute to a heme intracellular trafficking protein network involved in the homeostatic regulation of the pool and overall functions of heme is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki-Dimitra C Tsolaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia K Georgiou-Siafis
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina I Tsamadou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos A Tsiftsoglou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute of Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Attiki, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Institute of Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Attiki, Greece
| | - Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Kuribara T, Usui R, Totani K. Glycan structure-based perspectives on the entry and release of glycoproteins in the calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Carbohydr Res 2021; 502:108273. [PMID: 33713911 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-glycans are attached to newly synthesised polypeptides and are involved in the folding, secretion, and degradation of N-linked glycoproteins. In particular, the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, which is the central mechanism of the entry and release of N-linked glycoproteins depending on the folding sates, has been well studied. In addition to biological studies on the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, several studies have revealed complementary roles of in vitro chemistry-based research in the structure-based understanding of the cycle. In this mini-review, we summarise chemistry-based results and highlight their importance for further understanding of the cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kuribara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachiMusashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Ruchio Usui
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachiMusashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Totani
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachiMusashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
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19
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Roles of Calreticulin in Protein Folding, Immunity, Calcium Signaling and Cell Transformation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:145-162. [PMID: 34050865 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that mediates the proper folding and assembly of proteins destined for the cell surface, the extracellular space and subcellular compartments such as the lysosomes. The ER contains a wide range of molecular chaperones to handle the folding requirements of a diverse set of proteins that traffic through this compartment. The lectin-like chaperones calreticulin and calnexin are an important class of structurally-related chaperones relevant for the folding and assembly of many N-linked glycoproteins. Despite the conserved mechanism of action of these two chaperones in nascent protein recognition and folding, calreticulin has unique functions in cellular calcium signaling and in the immune response. The ER-related functions of calreticulin in the assembly of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are well-studied and provide many insights into the modes of substrate and co-chaperone recognition by calreticulin. Calreticulin is also detectable on the cell surface under some conditions, where it induces the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, mutations of calreticulin induce cell transformation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Studies of the functions of the mutant calreticulin in cell transformation and immunity have provided many insights into the normal biology of calreticulin, which are discussed.
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20
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Structural Analysis of Calreticulin, an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident Molecular Chaperone. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:13-25. [PMID: 34050860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (Calr) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone involved in protein quality control, Ca2+ regulation and other cellular processes. The structure of Calr is unusual, reflecting different functions of the protein: a proline-rich β-hairpin arm and an acidic C-terminal tail protrude from a globular core, composed of a β-sheet sandwich and an α-helix. The arm and tail interact in the presence of Ca2+ and cover the upper β-sheet, where a carbohydrate-binding site gives the chaperone glycoprotein affinity. At the edge of the carbohydrate-binding site is a conserved, strained disulphide bridge, formed between C106 and C137 of human Calr, which lies in a polypeptide-binding site. The lower β-sheet has several conserved residues, comprised of a characteristic triad, D166-H170-D187, Tyr172 and the free C163. In addition to its role in the ER, Calr translocates to the cell surface upon stress and functions as an immune surveillance marker. In some myeloproliferative neoplasms, the acidic Ca2+-binding C-terminal tail is transformed into a polybasic sequence.
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21
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Rellmann Y, Eidhof E, Dreier R. Review: ER stress-induced cell death in osteoarthritic cartilage. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109880. [PMID: 33307190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In cartilage, chondrocytes are responsible for the biogenesis and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Various cellular stresses, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress or the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) during aging, but also translational errors or mutations in cartilage components or chaperone proteins affect the synthesis and secretion of ECM proteins, causing protein aggregates to accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This condition, referred to as ER stress, interferes with cartilage cell homeostasis and initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR), a rescue mechanism to regain cell viability and function. Chronic or irreversible ER stress, however, triggers UPR-initiated cell death. Due to unresolved ER stress in chondrocytes, diseases of the skeletal system, such as chondrodysplasias, arise. ER stress has also been identified as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration processes such as osteoarthritis (OA). This review provides current knowledge about the biogenesis of ECM components in chondrocytes, describes possible causes for the impairment of involved processes and focuses on the ER stress-induced cell death in articular cartilage during OA. Targeting of the ER stress itself or intervention in UPR signaling to reduce death of chondrocytes may be promising for future osteoarthritis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Rellmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Elco Eidhof
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rita Dreier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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22
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Kuribara T, Totani K. Structural insights into N-linked glycan-mediated protein folding from chemical and biological perspectives. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 68:41-47. [PMID: 33296772 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
About half of all newly synthesized proteins have N-linked glycans. These glycans play pivotal roles in controlling the folding, sorting, and degradation of glycoproteins via several glycan-related proteins. The glycan-mediated protein quality control system is important for cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the system and discuss structural insights from chemical and biological perspectives. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which these mediators respond to several folding states of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kuribara
- Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Totani
- Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan.
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23
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Margolin E, Crispin M, Meyers A, Chapman R, Rybicki EP. A Roadmap for the Molecular Farming of Viral Glycoprotein Vaccines: Engineering Glycosylation and Glycosylation-Directed Folding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:609207. [PMID: 33343609 PMCID: PMC7744475 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.609207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunization with recombinant glycoprotein-based vaccines is a promising approach to induce protective immunity against viruses. However, the complex biosynthetic maturation requirements of these glycoproteins typically necessitate their production in mammalian cells to support their folding and post-translational modification. Despite these clear advantages, the incumbent costs and infrastructure requirements with this approach can be prohibitive in developing countries, and the production scales and timelines may prove limiting when applying these production systems to the control of pandemic viral outbreaks. Plant molecular farming of viral glycoproteins has been suggested as a cheap and rapidly scalable alternative production system, with the potential to perform post-translational modifications that are comparable to mammalian cells. Consequently, plant-produced glycoprotein vaccines for seasonal and pandemic influenza have shown promise in clinical trials, and vaccine candidates against the newly emergent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 have entered into late stage preclinical and clinical testing. However, many other viral glycoproteins accumulate poorly in plants, and are not appropriately processed along the secretory pathway due to differences in the host cellular machinery. Furthermore, plant-derived glycoproteins often contain glycoforms that are antigenically distinct from those present on the native virus, and may also be under-glycosylated in some instances. Recent advances in the field have increased the complexity and yields of biologics that can be produced in plants, and have now enabled the expression of many viral glycoproteins which could not previously be produced in plant systems. In contrast to the empirical optimization that predominated during the early years of molecular farming, the next generation of plant-made products are being produced by developing rational, tailor-made approaches to support their production. This has involved the elimination of plant-specific glycoforms and the introduction into plants of elements of the biosynthetic machinery from different expression hosts. These approaches have resulted in the production of mammalian N-linked glycans and the formation of O-glycan moieties in planta. More recently, plant molecular engineering approaches have also been applied to improve the glycan occupancy of proteins which are not appropriately glycosylated, and to support the folding and processing of viral glycoproteins where the cellular machinery differs from the usual expression host of the protein. Here we highlight recent achievements and remaining challenges in glycoengineering and the engineering of glycosylation-directed folding pathways in plants, and discuss how these can be applied to produce recombinant viral glycoproteins vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Margolin
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Meyers
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ros Chapman
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Kozlov G, Gehring K. Calnexin cycle - structural features of the ER chaperone system. FEBS J 2020; 287:4322-4340. [PMID: 32285592 PMCID: PMC7687155 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major folding compartment for secreted and membrane proteins and is the site of a specific chaperone system, the calnexin cycle, for folding N-glycosylated proteins. Recent structures of components of the calnexin cycle have deepened our understanding of quality control mechanisms and protein folding pathways in the ER. In the calnexin cycle, proteins carrying monoglucosylated glycans bind to the lectin chaperones calnexin and calreticulin, which recruit a variety of function-specific chaperones to mediate protein disulfide formation, proline isomerization, and general protein folding. Upon trimming by glucosidase II, the glycan without an inner glucose residue is no longer able to bind to the lectin chaperones. For proteins that have not yet folded properly, the enzyme UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) acts as a checkpoint by adding a glucose back to the N-glycan. This allows the misfolded proteins to re-associate with calnexin and calreticulin for additional rounds of chaperone-mediated refolding and prevents them from exiting the ERs. Here, we review progress in structural studies of the calnexin cycle, which reveal common features of how lectin chaperones recruit function-specific chaperones and how UGGT recognizes misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Structural BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Structural BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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25
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Margolin E, Oh YJ, Verbeek M, Naude J, Ponndorf D, Meshcheriakova YA, Peyret H, van Diepen MT, Chapman R, Meyers AE, Lomonossoff GP, Matoba N, Williamson A, Rybicki EP. Co-expression of human calreticulin significantly improves the production of HIV gp140 and other viral glycoproteins in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2109-2117. [PMID: 32096288 PMCID: PMC7540014 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant molecular farming (PMF) is rapidly gaining traction as a viable alternative to the currently accepted paradigm of producing biologics. While the platform is potentially cheaper and more scalable than conventional manufacturing systems, expression yields and appropriate post-translational modifications along the plant secretory pathway remain a challenge for certain proteins. Viral fusion glycoproteins in particular are often expressed at low yields in plants and, in some cases, may not be appropriately processed. Recently, however, transiently or stably engineering the host plant has shown promise as a strategy for producing heterologous proteins with more complex maturation requirements. In this study we investigated the co-expression of a suite of human chaperones to improve the production of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 soluble gp140 vaccine candidate in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The co-expression of calreticulin (CRT) resulted in a dramatic increase in Env expression and ameliorated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response - as evidenced by lower transcript abundance of representative stress-responsive genes. The co-expression of CRT similarly improved accumulation of glycoproteins from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), suggesting that the endogenous chaperone machinery may impose a bottleneck for their production. We subsequently successfully combined the co-expression of human CRT with the transient expression of human furin, to enable the production of an appropriately cleaved HIV gp140 antigen. These transient plant host engineering strategies are a promising approach for the production of high yields of appropriately processed and cleaved viral glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Margolin
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Infectious Disease Research in AfricaUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Youngjun J. Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Matthew Verbeek
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jason Naude
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Daniel Ponndorf
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwichUK
| | | | - Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwichUK
| | - Michiel T. van Diepen
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ros Chapman
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ann E. Meyers
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA
| | - Anna‐Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Infectious Disease Research in AfricaUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Faculty of Health SciencesInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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26
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Seal S, Chowdhury N, Biswas R, Chakraborty T, Sinha D, Bagchi A, Sau S. Removal of an atypical region from a staphylococcal cyclophilin affects its structure, function, stability, and shape. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1287-1298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Khong ML, Li L, Solesio ME, Pavlov EV, Tanner JA. Inorganic polyphosphate controls cyclophilin B-mediated collagen folding in osteoblast-like cells. FEBS J 2020; 287:4500-4524. [PMID: 32056376 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a fundamental molecule involved in a wide range of biological processes. In higher eukaryotes, polyP is abundant in osteoblasts but questions remain as to its functions. Here, we find that polyP is particularly enriched in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it colocalizes with cyclophilin B (CypB) using osteoblastic SaOS-2 model cell line. PolyP binds directly and specifically to CypB, inhibiting its peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity which is critical for collagen folding. PolyP sequestration by spermine and ER-specific polyP reduction by polyphosphatase expression in cells reduced collagen misfolding and confirmed that endogenous polyP acts as a molecular control of CypB-mediated collagen folding. We propose that polyP is a previously unrecognized critical regulator of protein homeostasis in ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Khong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - Lina Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
| | - Maria E Solesio
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Evgeny V Pavlov
- Department of Basic Sciences and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Julian A Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
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28
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Schäffer DE, Iyer LM, Burroughs AM, Aravind L. Functional Innovation in the Evolution of the Calcium-Dependent System of the Eukaryotic Endoplasmic Reticulum. Front Genet 2020; 11:34. [PMID: 32117448 PMCID: PMC7016017 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotes was marked by the emergence of several novel subcellular systems. One such is the calcium (Ca2+)-stores system of the endoplasmic reticulum, which profoundly influences diverse aspects of cellular function including signal transduction, motility, division, and biomineralization. We use comparative genomics and sensitive sequence and structure analyses to investigate the evolution of this system. Our findings reconstruct the core form of the Ca2+-stores system in the last eukaryotic common ancestor as having at least 15 proteins that constituted a basic system for facilitating both Ca2+ flux across endomembranes and Ca2+-dependent signaling. We present evidence that the key EF-hand Ca2+-binding components had their origins in a likely bacterial symbiont other than the mitochondrial progenitor, whereas the protein phosphatase subunit of the ancestral calcineurin complex was likely inherited from the asgard archaeal progenitor of the stem eukaryote. This further points to the potential origin of the eukaryotes in a Ca2+-rich biomineralized environment such as stromatolites. We further show that throughout eukaryotic evolution there were several acquisitions from bacteria of key components of the Ca2+-stores system, even though no prokaryotic lineage possesses a comparable system. Further, using quantitative measures derived from comparative genomics we show that there were several rounds of lineage-specific gene expansions, innovations of novel gene families, and gene losses correlated with biological innovation such as the biomineralized molluscan shells, coccolithophores, and animal motility. The burst of innovation of new genes in animals included the wolframin protein associated with Wolfram syndrome in humans. We show for the first time that it contains previously unidentified Sel1, EF-hand, and OB-fold domains, which might have key roles in its biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Schäffer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Science, Mathematics, and Computer Science Magnet Program, Montgomery Blair High School, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Lakshminarayan M Iyer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - A Maxwell Burroughs
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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29
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Abstract
In consistent with other membrane-bound and secretory proteins, immune checkpoint proteins go through a set of modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to acquire their native functional structures before they function at their destinations. There are various ER-resident chaperones and enzymes synergistically regulate and catalyze the glycosylation, folding and transporting of proteins. The whole processing is under the surveillance of ER quality control system which allows the correctly folded proteins to exit from the ER with the help of coat proteinII(COPII) coated vesicles, while retains the rest of terminally misfolded ones in the ER and then eliminates them via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) or ER-to-lysosomes-associated degradation (ERLAD). The dysfunction of the ER causes ER stress which triggers unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER proteostasis. Unsolvable prolonged ER stress ultimately results in cell death. This chapter reviews the process that proteins undergo in the ER, and the glycosylation, folding and degradation of immune checkpoint proteins as well as the associated potential immunotherapies to date.
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Wu J, Zhang W, Xia L, Feng L, Shu Z, Zhang J, Ye W, Zeng N, Zhou A. Characterization of PPIB interaction in the P3H1 ternary complex and implications for its pathological mutations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3899-3914. [PMID: 30993352 PMCID: PMC11105654 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB complex is essential for prolyl 3-hydroxylation and folding of procollagens in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Deficiency in any component of this ternary complex is associated with the misfolding of collagen and the onset of osteogenesis imperfecta. However, little structure information is available about how this ternary complex is assembled and retained in the ER. Here, we assessed the role of the KDEL sequence of P3H1 and probed the spatial interactions of PPIB in the complex. We show that the KDEL sequence is essential for retaining the P3H1 complex in the ER. Its removal resulted in co-secretion of P3H1 and CRTAP out of the cell, which was mediated by the binding of P3H1 N-terminal domain with CRTAP. The secreted P3H1/CRTAP can readily bind PPIB with their C-termini close to PPIB in the ternary complex. Cysteine modification, crosslinking, and mass spectrometry experiments identified PPIB surface residues involved in the complex formation, and showed that the surface of PPIB is extensively covered by the binding of P3H1 and CRTAP. Most importantly, we demonstrated that one disease-associated pathological PPIB mutation on the binding interface did not affect the PPIB prolyl-isomerase activity, but disrupted the formation of P3H1/CRTAP/PPIB ternary complex. This suggests that defects in the integrity of the P3H1 ternary complex are associated with pathological collagen misfolding. Taken together, these results provide novel structural information on how PPIB interacts with other components of the P3H1 complex and indicate that the integrity of P3H1 complex is required for proper collagen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zimei Shu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Naiyan Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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31
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Abstract
The site of protein folding and maturation for the majority of proteins that are secreted, localized to the plasma membrane or targeted to endomembrane compartments is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is essential that proteins targeted to the ER are properly folded in order to carry out their function, as well as maintain protein homeostasis, as accumulation of misfolded proteins could lead to the formation of cytotoxic aggregates. Because protein folding is an error-prone process, the ER contains protein quality control networks that act to optimize proper folding and trafficking of client proteins. If a protein is unable to reach its native state, it is targeted for ER retention and subsequent degradation. The protein quality control networks of the ER that oversee this evaluation or interrogation process that decides the fate of maturing nascent chains is comprised of three general types of families: the classical chaperones, the carbohydrate-dependent system, and the thiol-dependent system. The cooperative action of these families promotes protein quality control and protein homeostasis in the ER. This review will describe the families of the ER protein quality control network and discuss the functions of individual members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Michela E Oster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Daniel N Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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32
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
For most of the proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), disulfide bond formation accompanies protein folding in a process called oxidative folding. Oxidative folding is catalyzed by a number of enzymes, including the family of protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), as well as other proteins that supply oxidizing equivalents to PDI family proteins, like ER oxidoreductin 1 (Ero1). Oxidative protein folding in the ER is a basic vital function, and understanding its molecular mechanism is critical for the application of plants as protein production tools. Here, I review the recent research and progress related to the enzymes involved in oxidative folding in the plant ER. Firstly, nine groups of plant PDI family proteins are introduced. Next, the enzymatic properties of plant Ero1 are described. Finally, the cooperative folding by multiple PDI family proteins and Ero1 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Urade
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan
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Trowitzsch S, Tampé R. ABC Transporters in Dynamic Macromolecular Assemblies. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4481-4495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Medini R, Bhagya M, Samson S. Identification and characterisation of the epididymal proteins in the lizard, Eutropis carinata (Reptilia, Squamata) (Schneider, 1801). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:76-84. [PMID: 29155263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lizards are seasonal breeders. Cyclic reproductive nature makes lizard as a useful model for the study of the reproductively active protein secretions in the epididymis. During breeding season, the epididymides of the lizard secret proteins that mixes with the spermatozoa and create a favourable environment for sperm maturation. In this spectrum, the aim of this study is to identify and characterize proteins which are present in the lumen of the epididymis of the lizard, E. carinata during the active phase of reproduction. The identification and analysis of the proteins are done through the proteomic approaches. The epididymal luminal fluid sample was taken from the reproductively active and inactive phase and these are subjected to the size exclusion chromatography. Two major peaks (peak 1 and peak 2) were obtained in the epididymal luminal fluid sample taken during the reproductively active phase. On the other hand, the sample from the reproductively inactive phase showed one peak (peak 1) whereas, peak 2 is not present during this phase. The peak 2 belong to reproductively active phase was later subjected to the proteomic analysis. Appropriate gel electrophoresis separation and purification methods are combined with LC-MS/MS in order to identify and characterize the proteins that are presented during the reproductively active phase. Further, in this work, nine proteins are identified including three enzymes and three heat shock proteins. Among the identified proteins, bioinformatics analysis predicts that majority of them are localized in the cytoplasm. In addition to this, an observation is made in the endoplasmic reticulum where it is seen that a close protein-protein interaction network of three molecular chaperones are involved in protein processing. Overall, this paper opens up a new dimension search for epididymal markers for the first time in reptiles, particularly lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Medini
- Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka State, India
| | - M Bhagya
- Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka State, India.
| | - S Samson
- Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka State, India
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35
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Varricchio L, Falchi M, Dall'Ora M, De Benedittis C, Ruggeri A, Uversky VN, Migliaccio AR. Calreticulin: Challenges Posed by the Intrinsically Disordered Nature of Calreticulin to the Study of Its Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:96. [PMID: 29218307 PMCID: PMC5703715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is a Ca2+-binding chaperone protein, which resides mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum but also found in other cellular compartments including the plasma membrane. In addition to Ca2+, calreticulin binds and regulates almost all proteins and most of the mRNAs deciding their intracellular fate. The potential functions of calreticulin are so numerous that identification of all of them is becoming a nightmare. Still the recent discovery that patients affected by the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative disorders essential thrombocytemia or primary myelofibrosis not harboring JAK2 mutations carry instead calreticulin mutations disrupting its C-terminal domain has highlighted the clinical need to gain a deeper understanding of the biological activity of this protein. However, by contrast with other proteins, such as enzymes or transcription factors, the biological functions of which are strictly defined by a stable spatial structure imprinted by their amino acid sequence, calreticulin contains intrinsically disordered regions, the structure of which represents a highly dynamic conformational ensemble characterized by constant changes between several metastable conformations in response to a variety of environmental cues. This article will illustrate the Theory of calreticulin as an intrinsically disordered protein and discuss the Hypothesis that the dynamic conformational changes to which calreticulin may be subjected by environmental cues, by promoting or restricting the exposure of its active sites, may affect its function under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Varricchio
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mario Falchi
- National HIV/AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dall'Ora
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina De Benedittis
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
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36
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Structure of the human MHC-I peptide-loading complex. Nature 2017; 551:525-528. [PMID: 29107940 DOI: 10.1038/nature24627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The peptide-loading complex (PLC) is a transient, multisubunit membrane complex in the endoplasmic reticulum that is essential for establishing a hierarchical immune response. The PLC coordinates peptide translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum with loading and editing of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. After final proofreading in the PLC, stable peptide-MHC-I complexes are released to the cell surface to evoke a T-cell response against infected or malignant cells. Sampling of different MHC-I allomorphs requires the precise coordination of seven different subunits in a single macromolecular assembly, including the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2, jointly referred to as TAP), the oxidoreductase ERp57, the MHC-I heterodimer, and the chaperones tapasin and calreticulin. The molecular organization of and mechanistic events that take place in the PLC are unknown owing to the heterogeneous composition and intrinsically dynamic nature of the complex. Here, we isolate human PLC from Burkitt's lymphoma cells using an engineered viral inhibitor as bait and determine the structure of native PLC by electron cryo-microscopy. Two endoplasmic reticulum-resident editing modules composed of tapasin, calreticulin, ERp57, and MHC-I are centred around TAP in a pseudo-symmetric orientation. A multivalent chaperone network within and across the editing modules establishes the proofreading function at two lateral binding platforms for MHC-I molecules. The lectin-like domain of calreticulin senses the MHC-I glycan, whereas the P domain reaches over the MHC-I peptide-binding pocket towards ERp57. This arrangement allows tapasin to facilitate peptide editing by clamping MHC-I. The translocation pathway of TAP opens out into a large endoplasmic reticulum lumenal cavity, confined by the membrane entry points of tapasin and MHC-I. Two lateral windows channel the antigenic peptides to MHC-I. Structures of PLC captured at distinct assembly states provide mechanistic insight into the recruitment and release of MHC-I. Our work defines the molecular symbiosis of an ABC transporter and an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone network in MHC-I assembly and provides insight into the onset of the adaptive immune response.
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37
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Kozlov G, Muñoz-Escobar J, Castro K, Gehring K. Mapping the ER Interactome: The P Domains of Calnexin and Calreticulin as Plurivalent Adapters for Foldases and Chaperones. Structure 2017; 25:1415-1422.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Nakao H, Seko A, Ito Y, Sakono M. PDI family protein ERp29 recognizes P-domain of molecular chaperone calnexin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:763-767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Calles-Garcia D, Yang M, Soya N, Melero R, Ménade M, Ito Y, Vargas J, Lukacs GL, Kollman JM, Kozlov G, Gehring K. Single-particle electron microscopy structure of UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase suggests a selectivity mechanism for misfolded proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11499-11507. [PMID: 28490633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) mediates quality control of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by attaching glucose to N-linked glycan of misfolded proteins. As a sensor, UGGT ensures that misfolded proteins are recognized by the lectin chaperones and do not leave the secretory pathway. The structure of UGGT and the mechanism of its selectivity for misfolded proteins have been unknown for 25 years. Here, we used negative-stain electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering to determine the structure of UGGT from Drosophila melanogaster at 18-Å resolution. Three-dimensional reconstructions revealed a cage-like structure with a large central cavity. Particle classification revealed flexibility that precluded determination of a high-resolution structure. Introduction of biotinylation sites into a fungal UGGT expressed in Escherichia coli allowed identification of the catalytic and first thioredoxin-like domains. We also used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to map the binding site of an accessory protein, Sep15, to the first thioredoxin-like domain. The UGGT structural features identified suggest that the central cavity contains the catalytic site and is lined with hydrophobic surfaces. This enhances the binding of misfolded substrates with exposed hydrophobic residues and excludes folded proteins with hydrophilic surfaces. In conclusion, we have determined the UGGT structure, which enabled us to develop a plausible functional model of the mechanism for UGGT's selectivity for misfolded glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Calles-Garcia
- From the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G0B1, Canada
| | - Meng Yang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G0B1, Canada
| | - Naoto Soya
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Roberto Melero
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotectnologíay, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie Ménade
- From the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G0B1, Canada
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Javier Vargas
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotectnologíay, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Bioengineering Lab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- From the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G0B1, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- From the Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G0B1, Canada,
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40
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Vu KV, Nguyen NT, Jeong CY, Lee YH, Lee H, Hong SW. Systematic deletion of the ER lectin chaperone genes reveals their roles in vegetative growth and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:972-983. [PMID: 27888524 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) are homologous lectin chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that facilitate glycoprotein folding and retain folding intermediates to prevent their transit via the secretary pathway. The Arabidopsis genome has two CNX (CNX1 and CNX2) and three CRT (CRT1, CRT2 and CRT3) homologs. Despite growing evidence of the biological roles of CNXs and CRTs, little is understood about their function in Arabidopsis growth and development under normal conditions. Here, we report that the deletion of CNX1, but not of CNX2, in the crt1 crt2 crt3 triple mutation background had an adverse effect on pollen viability and pollen tube growth, leading to a significant reduction in fertility. The cnx1 crt1 crt2 crt3 quadruple mutation also conferred severe defects in growth and development, including a shortened primary root, increased root hair length and density, and reduced plant height. Disruption of all five members of the CNX/CRT family was revealed to be lethal. Finally, the abnormal phenotype of the cnx1 crt1 crt2 crt3 quadruple mutants was completely rescued by either the CNX1 or CNX2 cDNA under the control of the CNX1 promoter, suggesting functional redundancy between CNX1 and CNX2. Taken together, these results provide genetic evidence that CNX and CRT play essential and overlapping roles during vegetative growth and male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Van Vu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ngoc Trinh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwa Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Bioenergy Crop Research Center, Muan, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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41
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Kitauchi K, Sakono M. Glycoprotein quality control-related proteins effectively inhibit fibrillation of amyloid beta 1–42. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:227-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Lum R, Ahmad S, Hong SJ, Chapman DC, Kozlov G, Williams DB. Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19631-41. [PMID: 27413183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.746321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. In vitro, the latter interaction potently suppresses the aggregation of various non-glycosylated proteins. Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. In all cases, we observed a profound impairment in calreticulin function when its lectin site was inactivated. Remarkably, inactivation of the polypeptide binding site had little impact. These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Lum
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Samar Ahmad
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Seo Jung Hong
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Daniel C Chapman
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- the Groupe de Recherche Axé sur la Structure des Proteines, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - David B Williams
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
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Ellgaard L, McCaul N, Chatsisvili A, Braakman I. Co- and Post-Translational Protein Folding in the ER. Traffic 2016; 17:615-38. [PMID: 26947578 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical rules that govern folding of small, single-domain proteins in dilute solutions are now quite well understood. The mechanisms underlying co-translational folding of multidomain and membrane-spanning proteins in complex cellular environments are often less clear. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces a plethora of membrane and secretory proteins, which must fold and assemble correctly before ER exit - if these processes fail, misfolded species accumulate in the ER or are degraded. The ER differs from other cellular organelles in terms of the physicochemical environment and the variety of ER-specific protein modifications. Here, we review chaperone-assisted co- and post-translational folding and assembly in the ER and underline the influence of protein modifications on these processes. We emphasize how method development has helped advance the field by allowing researchers to monitor the progression of folding as it occurs inside living cells, while at the same time probing the intricate relationship between protein modifications during folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas McCaul
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Chatsisvili
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wijeyesakere SJ, Bedi SK, Huynh D, Raghavan M. The C-Terminal Acidic Region of Calreticulin Mediates Phosphatidylserine Binding and Apoptotic Cell Phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3896-3909. [PMID: 27036911 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin is a calcium-binding chaperone that is normally localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Calreticulin is detectable on the surface of apoptotic cells under some apoptosis-inducing conditions, where it promotes the phagocytosis and immunogenicity of dying cells. However, the precise mechanism by which calreticulin, a soluble protein, localizes to the outer surface of the plasma membrane of dying cells is unknown, as are the molecular mechanisms that are relevant to calreticulin-induced cellular phagocytosis. Calreticulin comprises three distinct structural domains: a globular domain, an extended arm-like P-domain, and a C-terminal acidic region containing multiple low-affinity calcium binding sites. We show that calreticulin, via its C-terminal acidic region, preferentially interacts with phosphatidylserine (PS) compared with other phospholipids and that this interaction is calcium dependent. Additionally, exogenous calreticulin binds apoptotic cells via a higher-affinity calcium-dependent mode that is acidic region dependent. Exogenous calreticulin also binds live cells, including macrophages, via a second, lower-affinity P-domain and globular domain-dependent, but calcium-independent binding mode that likely involves its generic polypeptide binding site. Truncation constructs lacking the acidic region or arm-like P-domain of calreticulin are impaired in their abilities to induce apoptotic cell phagocytosis by murine peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, the results of this investigation provide the first molecular insights into the phospholipid binding site of calreticulin as a key anchor point for the cell surface expression of calreticulin on apoptotic cells. These findings also support a role for calreticulin as a PS-bridging molecule that cooperates with other PS-binding factors to promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhmani Kaur Bedi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - David Huynh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor MI 48109
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Gelberman RH, Shen H, Kormpakis I, Rothrauff B, Yang G, Tuan RS, Xia Y, Sakiyama-Elbert S, Silva MJ, Thomopoulos S. Effect of adipose-derived stromal cells and BMP12 on intrasynovial tendon repair: A biomechanical, biochemical, and proteomics study. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:630-40. [PMID: 26445383 PMCID: PMC4814315 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The outcomes of flexor tendon repair are highly variable. As recent efforts to improve healing have demonstrated promise for growth factor- and cell-based therapies, the objective of the current study was to enhance repair via application of autologous adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) and the tenogenic growth factor bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 12. Controlled delivery of cells and growth factor was achieved in a clinically relevant canine model using a nanofiber/fibrin-based scaffold. Control groups consisted of repair-only (no scaffold) and acellular scaffold. Repairs were evaluated after 28 days of healing using biomechanical, biochemical, and proteomics analyses. Range of motion was reduced in the groups that received scaffolds compared to normal. There was no effect of ASC + BMP12 treatment for range of motion or tensile properties outcomes versus repair-only. Biochemical assays demonstrated increased DNA, glycosaminoglycans, and crosslink concentration in all repair groups compared to normal, but no effect of ASC + BMP12. Total collagen was significantly decreased in the acellular scaffold group compared to normal and significantly increased in the ASC + BMP12 group compared to the acellular scaffold group. Proteomics analysis comparing healing tendons to uninjured tendons revealed significant increases in proteins associated with inflammation, stress response, and matrix degradation. Treatment with ASC + BMP12 amplified these unfavorable changes. In summary, the treatment approach used in this study induced a negative inflammatory reaction at the repair site leading to poor healing. Future approaches should consider cell and growth factor delivery methods that do not incite negative local reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ioannis Kormpakis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin Rothrauff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Eng., Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Matthew J. Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Lamriben L, Graham JB, Adams BM, Hebert DN. N-Glycan-based ER Molecular Chaperone and Protein Quality Control System: The Calnexin Binding Cycle. Traffic 2016; 17:308-26. [PMID: 26676362 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Helenius and colleagues proposed over 20-years ago a paradigm-shifting model for how chaperone binding in the endoplasmic reticulum was mediated and controlled for a new type of molecular chaperone- the carbohydrate-binding chaperones, calnexin and calreticulin. While the originally established basics for this lectin chaperone binding cycle holds true today, there has been a number of important advances that have expanded our understanding of its mechanisms of action, role in protein homeostasis, and its connection to disease states that are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lamriben
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jill B Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin M Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Daniel N Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Chapman DC, Stocki P, Williams DB. Cyclophilin C Participates in the US2-Mediated Degradation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145458. [PMID: 26691022 PMCID: PMC4686535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus uses a variety of mechanisms to evade immune recognition through major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. One mechanism mediated by the immunoevasin protein US2 causes rapid disposal of newly synthesized class I molecules by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Although several components of this degradation pathway have been identified, there are still questions concerning how US2 targets class I molecules for degradation. In this study we identify cyclophilin C, a peptidyl prolyl isomerase of the endoplasmic reticulum, as a component of US2-mediated immune evasion. Cyclophilin C could be co-isolated with US2 and with the class I molecule HLA-A2. Furthermore, it was required at a particular expression level since depletion or overexpression of cyclophilin C impaired the degradation of class I molecules. To better characterize the involvement of cyclophilin C in class I degradation, we used LC-MS/MS to detect US2-interacting proteins that were influenced by cyclophilin C expression levels. We identified malectin, PDIA6, and TMEM33 as proteins that increased in association with US2 upon cyclophilin C knockdown. In subsequent validation all were shown to play a functional role in US2 degradation of class I molecules. This was specific to US2 rather than general ER-associated degradation since depletion of these proteins did not impede the degradation of a misfolded substrate, the null Hong Kong variant of α1-antitrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Chapman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pawel Stocki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David B. Williams
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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48
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Regulation of calreticulin-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I interactions by ATP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5608-17. [PMID: 26420867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510132112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I peptide loading complex (PLC) facilitates the assembly of MHC class I molecules with peptides, but factors that regulate the stability and dynamics of the assembly complex are largely uncharacterized. Based on initial findings that ATP, in addition to MHC class I-specific peptide, is able to induce MHC class I dissociation from the PLC, we investigated the interaction of ATP with the chaperone calreticulin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal, calcium-binding component of the PLC that is known to bind ATP. We combined computational and experimental measurements to identify residues within the globular domain of calreticulin, in proximity to the high-affinity calcium-binding site, that are important for high-affinity ATP binding and for ATPase activity. High-affinity calcium binding by calreticulin is required for optimal nucleotide binding, but both ATP and ADP destabilize enthalpy-driven high-affinity calcium binding to calreticulin. ATP also selectively destabilizes the interaction of calreticulin with cellular substrates, including MHC class I molecules. Calreticulin mutants that affect ATP or high-affinity calcium binding display prolonged associations with monoglucosylated forms of cellular MHC class I, delaying MHC class I dissociation from the PLC and their transit through the secretory pathway. These studies reveal central roles for ATP and calcium binding as regulators of calreticulin-substrate interactions and as key determinants of PLC dynamics.
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49
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Pisoni GB, Ruddock LW, Bulleid N, Molinari M. Division of labor among oxidoreductases: TMX1 preferentially acts on transmembrane polypeptides. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3390-400. [PMID: 26246604 PMCID: PMC4591685 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian ER contains 23 members of the PDI superfamily. Their substrate specificity is largely unknown. TMX1 shows a preference for membrane-bound, cysteine-containing polypeptides. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of maturation for secretory and membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells. The lumen of the mammalian ER contains >20 members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) superfamily, which ensure formation of the correct set of intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bonds as crucial, rate-limiting reactions of the protein folding process. Components of the PDI superfamily may also facilitate dislocation of misfolded polypeptides across the ER membrane for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The reasons for the high redundancy of PDI family members and the substrate features required for preferential engagement of one or the other are poorly understood. Here we show that TMX1, one of the few transmembrane members of the family, forms functional complexes with the ER lectin calnexin and preferentially intervenes during maturation of cysteine-containing, membrane-associated proteins while ignoring the same cysteine-containing ectodomains if not anchored at the ER membrane. As such, TMX1 is the first example of a topology-specific client protein redox catalyst in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Brambilla Pisoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lloyd W Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Neil Bulleid
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports many cellular processes and performs diverse functions, including protein synthesis, translocation across the membrane, integration into the membrane, folding, and posttranslational modifications including N-linked glycosylation; and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. In mammalian systems, the majority of proteins synthesized by the rough ER have N-linked glycans critical for protein maturation. The N-linked glycan is used as a quality control signal in the secretory protein pathway. A series of chaperones, folding enzymes, glucosidases, and carbohydrate transferases support glycoprotein synthesis and processing. Perturbation of ER-associated functions such as disturbed ER glycoprotein quality control, protein glycosylation and protein folding results in activation of an ER stress coping response. Collectively this ER stress coping response is termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), and occurs through the activation of complex cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling pathways. Cellular and ER homeostasis depends on balanced activity of the ER protein folding, quality control, and degradation pathways; as well as management of the ER stress coping response.
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