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Garfinkle EAR, Nallagatla P, Sahoo B, Dang J, Balood M, Cotton A, Franke C, Mitchell S, Wilson T, Gruber TA. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 mediates transcriptional regulation of developmental pathways through a gene regulatory network. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8747. [PMID: 39384814 PMCID: PMC11464917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024] Open
Abstract
CBFA2T3-GLIS2 is a fusion oncogene found in pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia that is associated with a poor prognosis. We establish a model of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 driven acute megakaryoblastic leukemia that allows the distinction of fusion specific changes from those that reflect the megakaryoblast lineage of this leukemia. Using this model, we map fusion genome wide binding that in turn imparts the characteristic transcriptional signature. A network of transcription factor genes bound and upregulated by the fusion are found to have downstream effects that result in dysregulated signaling of developmental pathways including NOTCH, Hedgehog, TGFβ, and WNT. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by homo-dimerization and binding of the ETO transcription factor through the nervy homology region 2. Loss of nerve homology region 2 abrogated the development of leukemia, leading to downregulation of JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, and NOTCH transcriptional signatures. These data contribute to the understanding of CBFA2T3-GLIS2 mediated leukemogenesis and identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratima Nallagatla
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Binay Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jinjun Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anitria Cotton
- Division of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Camryn Franke
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sharnise Mitchell
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Taylor Wilson
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Neault M, Lebert-Ghali CÉ, Fournier M, Capdevielle C, Garfinkle EAR, Obermayer A, Cotton A, Boulay K, Sawchyn C, St-Amand S, Nguyen KH, Assaf B, Mercier FE, Delisle JS, Drobetsky EA, Hulea L, Shaw TI, Zuber J, Gruber TA, Melichar HJ, Mallette FA. CBFA2T3-GLIS2-dependent pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is driven by GLIS2 and sensitive to navitoclax. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113084. [PMID: 37716355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is an aggressive blood cancer associated with poor therapeutic response and high mortality. Here we describe the development of CBFA2T3-GLIS2-driven mouse models of AMKL that recapitulate the phenotypic and transcriptional signatures of the human disease. We show that an activating Ras mutation that occurs in human AMKL increases the penetrance and decreases the latency of CBF2AT3-GLIS2-driven AMKL. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and GLIS2 modulate similar transcriptional networks. We identify the dominant oncogenic properties of GLIS2 that trigger AMKL in cooperation with oncogenic Ras. We find that both CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and GLIS2 alter the expression of a number of BH3-only proteins, causing AMKL cell sensitivity to the BCL2 inhibitor navitoclax both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a potential therapeutic option for pediatric patients suffering from CBFA2T3-GLIS2-driven AMKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Neault
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles-Étienne Lebert-Ghali
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilaine Fournier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Capdevielle
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A R Garfinkle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Obermayer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Karine Boulay
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Sawchyn
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah St-Amand
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kamy H Nguyen
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Béatrice Assaf
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elliot A Drobetsky
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Hulea
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy I Shaw
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja A Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Gong HY, Zhou PC, Zhang HY, Chen LM, Zhou YM, Liu ZG. Transcriptional regulation of Glis2 in hepatic fibrosis. Exp Mol Med 2023:10.1038/s12276-023-01031-y. [PMID: 37394585 PMCID: PMC10393978 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Gli-similar 2 (Glis2) in hepatic fibrosis (HF) is controversial. In this study, we focused on the functional and molecular mechanisms involved in the Glis2-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)-a milestone event leading to HF. The expression levels of Glis2 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in the liver tissues of patients with severe HF and in mouse fibrotic liver tissues as well as HSCs activated by TGFβ1. Functional studies indicated that upregulated Glis2 significantly inhibited HSC activation and alleviated BDL-induced HF in mice. Downregulation of Glis2 was found to correlate significantly with DNA methylation of the Glis2 promoter mediated by methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which restricted the binding of hepatic nuclear factor 1-α (HNF1-α), a liver-specific transcription factor, to Glis2 promoters. In addition, the enrichment of DNMT1 in the Glis2 promoter region was mediated by metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcriptor-1 (MALAT1) lncRNA, leading to transcriptional silencing of Glis2 and activation of HSCs. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the upregulation of Glis2 can maintain the resting state of HSCs. The decreased expression of Glis2 under pathological conditions may lead to the occurrence and development of HF with the expression silencing of DNA methylation mediated by MALAT1 and DNMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yu Gong
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hao-Ye Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Li-Min Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yang-Mei Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhen-Guo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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4
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Morleo M, Pezzella N, Franco B. Proteome balance in ciliopathies: the OFD1 protein example. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:201-217. [PMID: 36494254 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The balance of protein synthesis and degradation is finely regulated and influences cellular homeostasis and biological processes (e.g., embryonic development and neuronal plasticity). Recent data demonstrated that centrosomal/ciliary proteins enable proteome control in response to spatial or microenvironmental stimuli. Here, we discuss recent discoveries regarding the role in the balance of the proteome of centrosomal/ciliary proteins associated with genetic disorders known as ciliopathies. In particular, OFD1 was the first example of a ciliopathy protein controlling both protein expression and autophagic/proteasomal degradation. Understanding the role of proteome balance in the pathogenesis of the clinical manifestations of ciliopathies may pave the way to the identification of a wide range of putative novel therapeutic targets for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Nunziana Pezzella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Sergio Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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5
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Aid Z, Robert E, Lopez CK, Bourgoin M, Boudia F, Le Mene M, Riviere J, Baille M, Benbarche S, Renou L, Fagnan A, Thirant C, Federici L, Touchard L, Lecluse Y, Jetten A, Geoerger B, Lapillonne H, Solary E, Gaudry M, Meshinchi S, Pflumio F, Auberger P, Lobry C, Petit A, Jacquel A, Mercher T. High caspase 3 and vulnerability to dual BCL2 family inhibition define ETO2::GLIS2 pediatric leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:571-579. [PMID: 36585521 PMCID: PMC10583253 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia expressing the ETO2::GLIS2 fusion oncogene is associated with dismal prognosis. Previous studies have shown that ETO2::GLIS2 can efficiently induce leukemia development associated with strong transcriptional changes but those amenable to pharmacological targeting remained to be identified. By studying an inducible ETO2::GLIS2 cellular model, we uncovered that de novo ETO2::GLIS2 expression in human cells led to increased CASP3 transcription, CASP3 activation, and cell death. Patient-derived ETO2::GLIS2+ leukemic cells expressed both high CASP3 and high BCL2. While BCL2 inhibition partly inhibited ETO2::GLIS2+ leukemic cell proliferation, BH3 profiling revealed that it also sensitized these cells to MCL1 inhibition indicating a functional redundancy between BCL2 and MCL1. We further show that combined inhibition of BCL2 and MCL1 is mandatory to abrogate disease progression using in vivo patient-derived xenograft models. These data reveal that a transcriptional consequence of ETO2::GLIS2 expression includes a positive regulation of the pro-apoptotic CASP3 and associates with a vulnerability to combined targeting of two BCL2 family members providing a novel therapeutic perspective for this aggressive pediatric AML subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Aid
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Elie Robert
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cécile K Lopez
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France.
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Maxence Bourgoin
- Team "Myeloid Malignancies and Multiple Myeloma", Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065/C3M, 06204, Nice, France
| | - Fabien Boudia
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Melchior Le Mene
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Julie Riviere
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marie Baille
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Salima Benbarche
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Renou
- Unité de Recherche (UMR)-E008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Team Niche and Cancer in Hematopoiesis, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université de Paris-Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
| | - Alexandre Fagnan
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Thirant
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Federici
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Laure Touchard
- Unité Mixte de Service - Analyse Moléculaire Modélisation et Imagerie de la maladie Cancéreuse (UMS AMMICA), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Yann Lecluse
- Unité Mixte de Service - Analyse Moléculaire Modélisation et Imagerie de la maladie Cancéreuse (UMS AMMICA), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Anton Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology Department, INSERM U1015, Université Paris Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Hélène Lapillonne
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department, Armand Trousseau Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, UMRS_938, CONECT-AML, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Muriel Gaudry
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Françoise Pflumio
- Unité de Recherche (UMR)-E008 Stabilité Génétique, Cellules Souches et Radiations, Team Niche and Cancer in Hematopoiesis, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université de Paris-Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Team "Myeloid Malignancies and Multiple Myeloma", Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065/C3M, 06204, Nice, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Camille Lobry
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis and Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Petit
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology Department, INSERM U1015, Université Paris Saclay, 94800, Villejuif, France
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Team "Myeloid Malignancies and Multiple Myeloma", Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065/C3M, 06204, Nice, France.
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris Saclay, PEDIAC program, 94800, Villejuif, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France.
- OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, 75010, Paris, France.
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6
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Sadeghi M, Gholizadeh M, Safataj N, Tahmasebivand M, Mohajeri G, Lotfi H, Bostanabad SY, Safar B, Salehi M. GLIS2 and CCND1 expression levels in breast cancer patients. Breast Dis 2023; 42:251-259. [PMID: 37574724 DOI: 10.3233/bd-220068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women, with increasing incidence and death rates in recent years. Disruptions of different signaling pathways partially cause breast cancer. Hence, different genes through particular pathways are involved in BC tumorigenesis. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the expression level of GLIS2 and CCND1 genes in 50 patients. Also, in-silico analyses were used to enrich related signaling pathways involving the mentioned genes. RESULTS The results showed an increased expression level of Cyclin D1 and decreased expression level of GLIS2 in BC patients. Moreover, a relationship between aberrant expression levels of GLIS2 and CCND1 and BC development was determined. CONCLUSION These observations could help uncover new therapeutic targets for treating patients with BC in the progressive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoosh Sadeghi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Gholizadeh
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Safataj
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Tahmasebivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mohajeri
- Department of Surgery, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saber Yari Bostanabad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Behnaz Safar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mansoor Salehi
- Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center of Genome, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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7
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Zhang YF, Wang XL, Xu CH, Liu N, Zhang L, Zhang YM, Xie YY, Zhang YL, Huang QH, Wang L, Chen Z, Chen SJ, Roeder RG, Shen S, Xue K, Sun XJ. A direct comparison between AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 leukemia fusion proteins reveals context-dependent binding and regulation of target genes and opposite functions in cell differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:992714. [PMID: 36158200 PMCID: PMC9490184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.992714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ETO-family transcriptional corepressors, including ETO, ETO2, and MTGR1, are all involved in leukemia-causing chromosomal translocations. In every case, an ETO-family corepressor acquires a DNA-binding domain (DBD) to form a typical transcription factor—the DBD binds to DNA, while the ETO moiety manifests transcriptional activity. A directly comparative study of these “homologous” fusion transcription factors may clarify their similarities and differences in regulating transcription and leukemogenesis. Here, we performed a side-by-side comparison between AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2, the most common fusion proteins in M2-and M7-subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia, respectively, by inducible expression of them in U937 leukemia cells. We found that, although AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 can use their own DBDs to bind DNA, they share a large proportion of genome-wide binding regions dependent on other cooperative transcription factors, including the ETS-, bZIP- and bHLH-family proteins. AML1-ETO acts as either transcriptional repressor or activator, whereas ETO2-GLIS2 mainly acts as activator. The repressor-versus-activator functions of AML1-ETO might be determined by the abundance of cooperative transcription factors/cofactors on the target genes. Importantly, AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 differentially regulate key transcription factors in myeloid differentiation including PU.1 and C/EBPβ. Consequently, AML1-ETO inhibits, but ETO2-GLIS2 facilitates, myeloid differentiation of U937 cells. This function of ETO2-GLIS2 is reminiscent of a similar effect of MLL-AF9 as previously reported. Taken together, this directly comparative study between AML1-ETO and ETO2-GLIS2 in the same cellular context provides insights into context-dependent transcription regulatory mechanisms that may underlie how these seemingly “homologous” fusion transcription factors exert distinct functions to drive different subtypes of leukemia.
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8
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Geng W, Wang J, Xie L, Song Y, Cao M, Shen J. p75 NTR Interacts with the Zinc Finger Protein Glis2 and Participates in Neuronal Apoptosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:461-472. [PMID: 35192146 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious condition with a particularly high mortality rate. Gli-similar 2 (Glis2) has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ICH; however, its underlying mechanisms and biological significance remains unclear. In the present study, a specific interaction between Glis2 and p75NTR, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, was identified both in vivo and in vitro. These experiments further indicated that p75NTR may interact with Glis2, and that the complex was transported into the nucleus, initially, inducing neuronal death. Furthermore, the mechanism of neuronal death was explored, and may have been mediated via the activation of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway, and this was further investigated in the pathogenesis of ICH in rats in vivo. The study may provide evidences for regulating p75NTR-Glis2 complex as a potential reliable treatment for the secondary damage following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20#, Xisi RD, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20#, Xisi RD, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Hai'an, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226600, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurology, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226006, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20#, Xisi RD, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20#, Xisi RD, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Jin JY, Wu PF, Luo FM, Guo BB, Zeng L, Fan LL, Tang JY, Xiang R. GLIS Family Zinc Finger 1 was First Linked With Preaxial Polydactyly I in Humans by Stepwise Genetic Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781388. [PMID: 35087831 PMCID: PMC8787328 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preaxial polydactyly (PPD) is one of the most common developmental malformations, with a prevalence of 0.8–1.4% in Asians. PPD is divided into four types, PPD I–IV, and PPD I is the most frequent type. Only six loci (GLI1, GLI3, STKLD1, ZRS, pre-ZRS, and a deletion located 240 kb from SHH) have been identified in non-syndromic PPD cases. However, pathogenesis of most PPD patients has never been investigated. This study aimed to understand the genetic mechanisms involved in the etiology of PPD I in a family with multiple affected members. Methods: We recruited a PPD I family (PPD001) and used stepwise genetic analysis to determine the genetic etiology. In addition, for functional validation of the identified GLIS1 variant, in vitro studies were conducted. GLIS1 variants were further screened in additional 155 PPD cases. Results: We identified a GLIS1 variant (NM_147193: c.1061G > A, p.R354H) in the PPD001 family. In vitro studies showed that this variant decreased the nuclear translocation of GLIS1 and resulted in increased cell viability and migration. RNA sequencing revealed abnormal TBX4 and SFRP2 expression in 293T cells transfected with mutant GLIS1. Additionally, we identified a GLIS1 variant (c.664G > A, p.D222N) in another PPD case. Conclusion: We identified two GLIS1 variants in PPD I patients and first linked GLIS1 with PPD I. Our findings contributed to future molecular and clinical diagnosis of PPD and deepened our knowledge of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yuan Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang-Mei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing-Bing Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju-Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Hedgehog/GLI Signaling Pathway: Transduction, Regulation, and Implications for Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143410. [PMID: 34298625 PMCID: PMC8304605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Hedgehog/GLI (Hh/GLI) pathway plays a major role during development and it is commonly dysregulated in many diseases, including cancer. This highly concerted series of ligands, receptors, cytoplasmic signaling molecules, transcription factors, and co-regulators is involved in regulating the biological functions controlled by this pathway. Activation of Hh/GLI in cancer is most often through a non-canonical method of activation, independent of ligand binding. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of the Hh/GLI signaling, non-canonical mechanisms of pathway activation, its implication in disease, and the current therapeutic strategies targeting this cascade. Abstract The Hh/GLI signaling pathway was originally discovered in Drosophila as a major regulator of segment patterning in development. This pathway consists of a series of ligands (Shh, Ihh, and Dhh), transmembrane receptors (Ptch1 and Ptch2), transcription factors (GLI1–3), and signaling regulators (SMO, HHIP, SUFU, PKA, CK1, GSK3β, etc.) that work in concert to repress (Ptch1, Ptch2, SUFU, PKA, CK1, GSK3β) or activate (Shh, Ihh, Dhh, SMO, GLI1–3) the signaling cascade. Not long after the initial discovery, dysregulation of the Hh/GLI signaling pathway was implicated in human disease. Activation of this signaling pathway is observed in many types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, and many more. Most often, the activation of the Hh/GLI pathway in cancer occurs through a ligand-independent mechanism. However, in benign disease, this activation is mostly ligand-dependent. The upstream signaling component of the receptor complex, SMO, is bypassed, and the GLI family of transcription factors can be activated regardless of ligand binding. Additional mechanisms of pathway activation exist whereby the entirety of the downstream signaling pathway is bypassed, and PTCH1 promotes cell cycle progression and prevents caspase-mediated apoptosis. Throughout this review, we summarize each component of the signaling cascade, non-canonical modes of pathway activation, and the implications in human disease, including cancer.
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11
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Tabuchi Y, Hasegawa H, Suzuki N, Furusawa Y, Hirano T, Nagaoka R, Hirayama J, Hoshi N, Mochizuki T. Genetic response to low‑intensity ultrasound on mouse ST2 bone marrow stromal cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:173. [PMID: 33398373 PMCID: PMC7821223 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although low‑intensity ultrasound (LIUS) is a clinically established procedure, the early cellular effect of LIUS on a genetic level has not yet been studied. The current study investigated the early response genes elicited by LIUS in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) using global‑scale microarrays and computational gene expression analysis tools. Mouse ST2 BMSCs were treated with LIUS [ISATA, 25 mW/cm2 for 20 min with a frequency of 1.11 MHz in a pulsed‑wave mode (0.2‑s burst sine waves repeated at 1 kHz)], then cultured for 0.5, 1 and 3 h at 37˚C. The time course of changes in gene expression was evaluated using GeneChip® high‑density oligonucleotide microarrays and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis tools. The results were verified by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). A single exposure of LIUS did not affect cell morphology, cell growth or alkaline phosphatase activity. However, 61 upregulated and 103 downregulated genes were identified from 0.5 to 3 h after LIUS treatment. Two significant gene networks, labeled E and H, were identified from the upregulated genes, while a third network, labeled T, was identified from the downregulated genes. Gene network E or H containing the immediate‑early genes FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene and early growth response 1 or the heat shock proteins heat shock protein 1a/b was associated mainly with the biological functions of bone physiology and protein folding or apoptosis, respectively. Gene network T containing transcription factors fos‑like antigen 1 and serum response factor was also associated with the biological functions of the gene expression. RT‑qPCR indicated that the expression of several genes in the gene networks E and H were elevated in LIUS‑treated cells. LIUS was demonstrated to induce gene expression after short application in mouse ST2 BMSCs. The results of the present study provide a basis for the elucidation of the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular effects of LIUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑8555, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 927‑0553, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Hirano
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagaoka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930‑8555, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu 923‑0961, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657‑8501, Japan
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12
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Masetti R, Bertuccio SN, Guidi V, Cerasi S, Lonetti A, Pession A. Uncommon cytogenetic abnormalities identifying high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in children. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2747-2762. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents an aggressive disease and is the leading cause of childhood leukemic mortality. The genomic landscape of pediatric AML has been recently mapped and redefined thanks to large-scale sequencing efforts. Today, understanding how to incorporate the growing list of genetic lesions into a risk stratification algorithm for pediatric AML is increasingly challenging given the uncertainty regarding the prognostic impact of rare lesions. Here we review some uncommon cytogenetic lesions to be considered for inclusion in the high-risk groups of the next pediatric AML treatment protocols. We describe their main clinical characteristics, biological background and outcome. We also provide some suggestions for the management of these rare but challenging patients and some novel targeted therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences DIMEC, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nicola Bertuccio
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences DIMEC, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanessa Guidi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences DIMEC, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Cerasi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences DIMEC, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Giorgio Prodi Interdepartmental Cancer Research Centre, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences DIMEC, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Giorgio Prodi Interdepartmental Cancer Research Centre, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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13
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GLIS2 promotes colorectal cancer through repressing enhancer activation. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:57. [PMID: 32483180 PMCID: PMC7264249 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transcription is coordinately regulated by multiple transcription factors. However, a systematic approach is still lacking to identify co-regulators for transcription factors. Here, we performed ChIP-Seq analysis and predicted the regulators for p53-mediated transcription process, from which we confirmed the roles of GLIS2, MAZ and MEF2A in regulating p53 target genes. We revealed that GLIS2 selectively regulates the transcription of PUMA but not p21. GLIS2 deficiency caused the elevation of H3K27ac and p53 binding on the PUMA enhancer, and promoted PUMA expression. It increased the rate of apoptosis, but not cell cycle. Moreover, GLIS2 represses H3K27ac level on enhancers, regulates the gene expression related with focal adhesion and promotes cell migration, through inhibiting p300. Big data analysis supports GLIS2 as an oncogene in colon cancer, and perhaps other cancers. Taken together, we have predicted candidates for p53 transcriptional regulators, and provided evidence for GLIS2 as an oncogene through repressing enhancer activation.
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14
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Yasuoka Y, Matsumoto M, Yagi K, Okazaki Y. Evolutionary History of GLIS Genes Illuminates Their Roles in Cell Reprograming and Ciliogenesis. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:100-109. [PMID: 31504761 PMCID: PMC6984359 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The GLIS family transcription factors, GLIS1 and GLIS3, potentiate generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In contrast, another GLIS family member, GLIS2, suppresses cell reprograming. To understand how these disparate roles arose, we examined evolutionary origins and genomic organization of GLIS genes. Comprehensive phylogenetic analysis shows that GLIS1 and GLIS3 originated during vertebrate whole genome duplication, whereas GLIS2 is a sister group to the GLIS1/3 and GLI families. This result is consistent with their opposing functions in cell reprograming. Glis1 evolved faster than Glis3, losing many protein-interacting motifs. This suggests that Glis1 acquired new functions under weakened evolutionary constraints. In fact, GLIS1 induces induced pluripotent stem cells more strongly. Transcriptomic data from various animal embryos demonstrate that glis1 is maternally expressed in some tetrapods, whereas vertebrate glis3 and invertebrate glis1/3 genes are rarely expressed in oocytes, suggesting that vertebrate (or tetrapod) Glis1 acquired a new expression domain and function as a maternal factor. Furthermore, comparative genomic analysis reveals that glis1/3 is part of a bilaterian-specific gene cluster, together with rfx3, ndc1, hspb11, and lrrc42. Because known functions of these genes are related to cilia formation and function, the last common ancestor of bilaterians may have acquired this cluster by shuffling gene order to establish more sophisticated epithelial tissues involving cilia. This evolutionary study highlights the significance of GLIS1/3 for cell reprograming, development, and diseases in ciliated organs such as lung, kidney, and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuri Yasuoka
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahito Matsumoto
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Diabetic Therapeutics, Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yagi
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Jetten AM. Emerging Roles of GLI-Similar Krüppel-like Zinc Finger Transcription Factors in Leukemia and Other Cancers. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:547-557. [PMID: 31474360 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
GLI-similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3), a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors, function as key regulators of several biological processes important to oncogenesis, including control of cell proliferation, differentiation, self-renewal, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This review provides a short overview of the critical roles genetic changes in GLIS1-3 play in the development of several malignancies. This includes intrachromosomal translocations involving GLIS2 and ETO2/CBFA2T3 in the development of pediatric non-Down's syndrome (DS), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), a malignancy with poor prognosis, and an association of interchromosomal translocations between GLIS3, GLIS1, and PAX8, and between GLIS3 and CLPTM1L with hyalinizing trabecular tumors (HTTs) and fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FHCC), respectively. Targeting upstream signaling pathways that regulate GLIS signaling may offer new therapeutic strategies in the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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16
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Masetti R, Guidi V, Ronchini L, Bertuccio NS, Locatelli F, Pession A. The changing scenario of non-Down syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 138:132-138. [PMID: 31092368 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric non-Down-syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (non-DS-AMKL) is a heterogeneous subtype of leukemia that has historically been associated with poor prognosis. Until the advent of large-scale genomic sequencing, the management of patients with non-DS-AMKL was very difficult due to the absence of reliable biological prognostic markers. The sequencing of large cohort of pediatric non-DS-AMKL samples led to the discovery of novel genetic aberrations, including high-frequency fusions, such as CBFA2T3-GLIS2 and NUP98-KDM5 A, as well as less frequent aberrations, such as HOX rearrangements. These new insights into the genetic landscape of pediatric non-DS-AMKL has allowed refining the risk-group stratification, leading to important changes in the prognostic scenario of these patients. This review summarizes the most important molecular pathogenic mechanisms of pediatric non-DS-AMKL. A critical discussion on how novel genetic abnormalities have refined the risk profile assessment and changed the management of these patients in clinical practice is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanessa Guidi
- Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Ronchini
- Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Salvatore Bertuccio
- Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Pediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Hematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Masetti R, Bertuccio SN, Pession A, Locatelli F. CBFA2T3-GLIS2-positive acute myeloid leukaemia. A peculiar paediatric entity. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:337-347. [PMID: 30592296 PMCID: PMC6590351 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The scenario of paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), particularly non‐Down syndrome acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia (non‐DS‐AMKL), has been recently revolutionized by the advent of large‐scale, genomic sequencing technologies. In this changing landscape, a significantly relevant discovery has been represented by the identification of the CBFA2T3‐GLIS2 fusion gene, which is the result of a cryptic inversion of chromosome 16. It is the most frequent chimeric oncogene identified to date in non‐DS‐AMKL, although it seems not to be exclusively restricted to the French‐American‐British M7 subgroup. The CBFA2T3‐GLIS2 fusion gene characterizes a subtype of leukaemia that is specific to paediatrics, having never been identified in adults. It characterizes an extremely aggressive leukaemia, as the presence of this fusion is associated with a grim outcome in almost all of the case series reported, with overall survival rates ranging between 15% and 30%. Although the molecular basis that underlies this leukaemia subtype is still far from being completely elucidated, unique functional properties induced by CBFA2T3‐GLIS2 in the leukaemogenesis driving process have been recently identified. We here review the peculiarities of CBFA2T3‐GLIS2‐positive AML, describing its intriguing clinical and biological behaviour and providing some challenging targeting opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Paediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Haematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore N Bertuccio
- Department of Paediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Haematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Paediatrics, "Lalla Seràgnoli", Haematology-Oncology Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Jetten AM. GLIS1-3 transcription factors: critical roles in the regulation of multiple physiological processes and diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3473-3494. [PMID: 29779043 PMCID: PMC6123274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins form one of the largest families of transcription factors. They function as key regulators of embryonic development and a wide range of other physiological processes, and are implicated in a variety of pathologies. GLI-similar 1-3 (GLIS1-3) constitute a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins that act either as activators or repressors of gene transcription. GLIS3 plays a critical role in the regulation of multiple biological processes and is a key regulator of pancreatic β cell generation and maturation, insulin gene expression, thyroid hormone biosynthesis, spermatogenesis, and the maintenance of normal kidney functions. Loss of GLIS3 function in humans and mice leads to the development of several pathologies, including neonatal diabetes and congenital hypothyroidism, polycystic kidney disease, and infertility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in GLIS3 genes have been associated with increased risk of several diseases, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, glaucoma, and neurological disorders. GLIS2 plays a critical role in the kidney and GLIS2 dysfunction leads to nephronophthisis, an end-stage, cystic renal disease. In addition, GLIS1-3 have regulatory functions in several stem/progenitor cell populations. GLIS1 and GLIS3 greatly enhance reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells into induced embryonic stem cells, while GLIS2 inhibits reprogramming. Recent studies have obtained substantial mechanistic insights into several physiological processes regulated by GLIS2 and GLIS3, while a little is still known about the physiological functions of GLIS1. The localization of some GLIS proteins to the primary cilium suggests that their activity may be regulated by a downstream primary cilium-associated signaling pathway. Insights into the upstream GLIS signaling pathway may provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies for diabetes, hypothyroidism, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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19
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Scoville DW, Kang HS, Jetten AM. GLIS1-3: emerging roles in reprogramming, stem and progenitor cell differentiation and maintenance. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:80. [PMID: 29057252 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have provided evidence for a regulatory role of GLI-similar (GLIS) transcription factors in reprogramming, maintenance and differentiation of several stem and progenitor cell populations. GLIS1, in conjunction with several other reprogramming factors, was shown to markedly increase the efficiency of generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from somatic cells. GLIS2 has been reported to contribute to the maintenance of the pluripotent state in hPSCs. In addition, GLIS2 has a function in regulating self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitors and megakaryocytic differentiation. GLIS3 plays a critical role during the development of several tissues. GLIS3 is able to promote reprogramming of human fibroblasts into retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. Moreover, GLIS3 is essential for spermatogonial stem cell renewal and spermatogonial progenitor cell differentiation. During pancreas development, GLIS3 protein is first detectable in bipotent pancreatic progenitors and pro-endocrine progenitors and plays a critical role in the generation of pancreatic beta cells. Here, we review the current status of the roles of GLIS proteins in the maintenance and differentiation of these different stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scoville
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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20
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Chou CK, Tang CJ, Chou HL, Liu CY, Ng MC, Chang YT, Yuan SSF, Tsai EM, Chiu CC. The Potential Role of Krüppel-Like Zinc-Finger Protein Glis3 in Genetic Diseases and Cancers. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:381-389. [PMID: 28523428 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) belongs to a Glis subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factors characterized to regulate a set of downstream targets essential for cellular functions, including pancreatic development, β-cell maturation and maintenance, and insulin production. Examination of the DNA-binding domain of Glis3 reveals that this domain contains a repeated cysteine 2/histidine 2 (Cys2/His2) zinc-finger motif in the central region where the recognized DNA sequence binds. The loss of the production of pancreatic hormones, such as insulin 1 and 2, is linked to the down-regulation of β cells-related genes and promotes the apoptotic death of β cells found in mutant Glis3. Although accumulating studies converge on the Glis3 functioning in β cells, recently, there have been developments in the field of Glis3 using knockdown/mutant mice to better understand the role of Glis3 in diseases. The Glis3 mutant mice have been characterized for their propensity to develop congenital hypothyroidism, polycystic kidney disease, and some types of cancer. In this review, we attempt to comprehensively summarize the knowledge of Glis3, including its structure and general function in cells. We also collected and organized the academic achievements related to the possible mechanisms of Glis3-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Kit Chou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ju Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chong Ng
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Translational Research Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Translational Research Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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21
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Thirant C, Ignacimouttou C, Lopez CK, Diop M, Le Mouël L, Thiollier C, Siret A, Dessen P, Aid Z, Rivière J, Rameau P, Lefebvre C, Khaled M, Leverger G, Ballerini P, Petit A, Raslova H, Carmichael CL, Kile BT, Soler E, Crispino JD, Wichmann C, Pflumio F, Schwaller J, Vainchenker W, Lobry C, Droin N, Bernard OA, Malinge S, Mercher T. ETO2-GLIS2 Hijacks Transcriptional Complexes to Drive Cellular Identity and Self-Renewal in Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:452-465. [PMID: 28292442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric transcription factors are a hallmark of human leukemia, but the molecular mechanisms by which they block differentiation and promote aberrant self-renewal remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the ETO2-GLIS2 fusion oncoprotein, which is found in aggressive acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, confers megakaryocytic identity via the GLIS2 moiety while both ETO2 and GLIS2 domains are required to drive increased self-renewal properties. ETO2-GLIS2 directly binds DNA to control transcription of associated genes by upregulation of expression and interaction with the ETS-related ERG protein at enhancer elements. Importantly, specific interference with ETO2-GLIS2 oligomerization reverses the transcriptional activation at enhancers and promotes megakaryocytic differentiation, providing a relevant interface to target in this poor-prognosis pediatric leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Thirant
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Cathy Ignacimouttou
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile K Lopez
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Lou Le Mouël
- Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Clarisse Thiollier
- Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Siret
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Phillipe Dessen
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Zakia Aid
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Benjamin T Kile
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Eric Soler
- INSERM UMR967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jürg Schwaller
- University Children's Hospital Beider Basel (UKBB), Departement of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Camille Lobry
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U523, CNRS UMS3655, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Institute, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94800 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France; Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
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22
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Ramachandran H, Yakulov TA, Engel C, Müller B, Walz G. The C175R mutation alters nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of the nephronophthisis NPHP7 gene product. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:774-8. [PMID: 26374130 PMCID: PMC4930099 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPH) is a rare autosomal ciliopathy, but the leading cause for hereditary end-stage renal disease in children. Most NPH family members form large protein networks, which appear to participate in structural elements of the cilium and/or function to restrict access of molecules to the ciliary compartment. The zinc-finger protein GLIS2/NPHP7 represents an exception as it has been implicated in transcriptional regulation; only two families with GLIS2/NPHP7 mutations and typical NPH manifestations have been identified so far. We describe here that the recently identified GLIS2/NPHP7C175R point mutation abolished the nuclear localization of GLIS2/NPHP7. Forced nuclear import did not rescue the transcriptional defects of GLIS2/NPHP7C175R, indicating additional defects as DNA-binding protein. We further observed that wild type, but not GLIS2/NPHP7C175R, prevented the cyst formation caused by depletion of nphp7 in zebrafish embryos. Taken together, our findings indicate that the C175R mutation affects both localization and function of GLIS2/NPHP7, supporting a role of this mutation in NPH, but questioning the direct involvement of GLIS2/NPHP7 in ciliary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toma A Yakulov
- Renal Division, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christina Engel
- Renal Division, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Renal Division, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), Albertstraße 19, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Ramachandran H, Herfurth K, Grosschedl R, Schäfer T, Walz G. SUMOylation Blocks the Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of the Nephronophthisis Gene Product Glis2/NPHP7. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130275. [PMID: 26083374 PMCID: PMC4471195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glis2/NPHP7 is a transcriptional regulator mutated in type 7 nephronophthisis, an autosomal recessive ciliopathy associated with cystic and fibrotic kidney disease as well as characteristic extrarenal manifestations. While most ciliopathy-associated molecules are found in the cilium, Glis2/NPHP7 presumably localizes to the nucleus. However, the detection of endogenous Glis2/NPHP7 has remained unsuccessful, potentially due to its ubiquitylation-dependent rapid degradation. We report now that Glis2/NPHP7 is also SUMOylated, preferentially by PIAS4, which conjugates Glis2/NPHP7 to SUMO3. SUMOylation interferes with ubiquitylation and degradation of Glis2/NPHP7, suggesting that Glis2/NPHP7 protein levels are regulated by competing ubiquitylation/ SUMOylation. SUMOylation also alters the transcriptional activity of Glis2/NPHP7. While Glis2/NPHP7 activates the mouse insulin-2-promotor (mIns2), SUMOylated Glis2/NPHP7 lacks this property, and seems to act as a repressor. Taken together, our data reveal that Glis2/NPHP7 is extensively modified by post-translational modifications, suggesting that a tight control of this transcriptional regulator is required for normal development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribaskar Ramachandran
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Herfurth
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Grosschedl
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schäfer
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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24
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Bestman JE, Huang LC, Lee-Osbourne J, Cheung P, Cline HT. An in vivo screen to identify candidate neurogenic genes in the developing Xenopus visual system. Dev Biol 2015; 408:269-91. [PMID: 25818835 PMCID: PMC4584193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the brain of Xenopus laevis continues throughout larval stages of development. We developed a 2-tier screen to identify candidate genes controlling neurogenesis in Xenopus optic tectum in vivo. First, microarray and NanoString analyses were used to identify candidate genes that were differentially expressed in Sox2-expressing neural progenitor cells or their neuronal progeny. Then an in vivo, time-lapse imaging-based screen was used to test whether morpholinos against 34 candidate genes altered neural progenitor cell proliferation or neuronal differentiation over 3 days in the optic tectum of intact Xenopus tadpoles. We co-electroporated antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against each of the candidate genes with a plasmid that drives GFP expression in Sox2-expressing neural progenitor cells and quantified the effects of morpholinos on neurogenesis. Of the 34 morpholinos tested, 24 altered neural progenitor cell proliferation or neuronal differentiation. The candidates which were tagged as differentially expressed and validated by the in vivo imaging screen include: actn1, arl9, eif3a, elk4, ephb1, fmr1-a, fxr1-1, fbxw7, fgf2, gstp1, hat1, hspa5, lsm6, mecp2, mmp9, and prkaca. Several of these candidates, including fgf2 and elk4, have known or proposed neurogenic functions, thereby validating our strategy to identify candidates. Genes with no previously demonstrated neurogenic functions, gstp1, hspa5 and lsm6, were identified from the morpholino experiments, suggesting that our screen successfully revealed unknown candidates. Genes that are associated with human disease, such as such as mecp2 and fmr1-a, were identified by our screen, providing the groundwork for using Xenopus as an experimental system to probe conserved disease mechanisms. Together the data identify candidate neurogenic regulatory genes and demonstrate that Xenopus is an effective experimental animal to identify and characterize genes that regulate neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Bestman
- Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lin-Chien Huang
- The Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Jane Lee-Osbourne
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - Phillip Cheung
- Dart Neuroscience, LLC, San Diego, CA 92064, United States
| | - Hollis T Cline
- The Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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25
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Ke K, Song Y, Shen J, Niu M, Zhang H, Yuan D, Ni H, Zhang Y, Liu X, Dai A, Cao M. Up-regulation of Glis2 involves in neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in adult rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:345-354. [PMID: 25370802 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel Krüppel-like zinc finger protein Gli-similar 2 (Glis2), one member of the transcription factors, is involved in controlling the flow of genetic information and the modulation of diverse cellular activities. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated its important roles in adult development and several diseases. However, information regarding the regulation and possible function of Glis2 in the central nervous system is still limited. In this study, we explored the roles of Glis2 during the pathophysiological process of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). An ICH rat model was established and assessed by behavioral tests. Expression of Glis2 was significantly up-regulated in brain areas surrounding the hematoma following ICH. Immunofluorescence showed that Glis2 was strikingly increased in neurons, but not astrocytes or microglia. Up-regulation of Glis2 was found to be accompanied by the increased expression of active caspase-3 and Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in vivo and vitro studies. Moreover, knocking down Glis2 by RNA-interference in PC12 cells reduced active caspase-3 and Bax expression while increased Bcl-2. Collectively, we speculated that Glis2 might exert pro-apoptotic function in neurons following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifu Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Niu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daming Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Ni
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Dai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Maohong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Schackmann RCJ, Tenhagen M, van de Ven RAH, Derksen PWB. p120-catenin in cancer - mechanisms, models and opportunities for intervention. J Cell Sci 2014; 126:3515-25. [PMID: 23950111 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.134411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial adherens junction is an E-cadherin-based complex that controls tissue integrity and is stabilized at the plasma membrane by p120-catenin (p120, also known as CTNND1). Mutational and epigenetic inactivation of E-cadherin has been strongly implicated in the development and progression of cancer. In this setting, p120 translocates to the cytosol where it exerts oncogenic properties through aberrant regulation of Rho GTPases, growth factor receptor signaling and derepression of Kaiso (also known as ZBTB33) target genes. In contrast, indirect inactivation of the adherens junction through conditional knockout of p120 in mice was recently linked to tumor formation, indicating that p120 can also function as a tumor suppressor. Supporting these opposing functions are findings in human cancer, which show that either loss or cytoplasmic localization of p120 is a common feature in the progression of several types of carcinoma. Underlying this dual biological phenomenon might be the context-dependent regulation of Rho GTPases in the cytosol and the derepression of Kaiso target genes. Here, we discuss past and present findings that implicate p120 in the regulation of cancer progression and highlight opportunities for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C J Schackmann
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Ramachandran H, Schäfer T, Kim Y, Herfurth K, Hoff S, Lienkamp SS, Kramer-Zucker A, Walz G. Interaction with the Bardet-Biedl gene product TRIM32/BBS11 modifies the half-life and localization of Glis2/NPHP7. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8390-401. [PMID: 24500717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the two ciliopathies Bardet-Biedl syndrome and nephronophthisis share multiple clinical manifestations, the molecular basis for this overlap remains largely unknown. Both BBS11 and NPHP7 are unusual members of their respective gene families. Although BBS11/TRIM32 represents a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase also involved in hereditary forms of muscular dystrophy, NPHP7/Glis2 is a Gli-like transcriptional repressor that localizes to the nucleus, deviating from the ciliary localization of most other ciliopathy-associated gene products. We found that BBS11/TRIM32 and NPHP7/Glis2 can physically interact with each other, suggesting that both proteins form a functionally relevant protein complex in vivo. This hypothesis was further supported by the genetic interaction and synergist cyst formation in the zebrafish pronephros model. However, contrary to our expectation, the E3 ubiquitin ligase BBS11/TRIM32 was not responsible for the short half-life of NPHP7/Glis2 but instead promoted the accumulation of mixed Lys(48)/Lys(63)-polyubiquitylated NPHP7/Glis2 species. This modification not only prolonged the half-life of NPHP7/Glis2, but also altered the subnuclear localization and the transcriptional activity of NPHP7/Glis2. Thus, physical and functional interactions between NPHP and Bardet-Biedl syndrome gene products, demonstrated for Glis2 and TRIM32, may help to explain the phenotypic similarities between these two syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haribaskar Ramachandran
- From the Department of Medicine, Renal Division, University of Freiburg Medical Center, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Kim YH, Epting D, Slanchev K, Engel C, Walz G, Kramer-Zucker A. A complex of BBS1 and NPHP7 is required for cilia motility in zebrafish. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72549. [PMID: 24069149 PMCID: PMC3771994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and nephronophthisis (NPH) are hereditary autosomal recessive disorders, encoded by two families of diverse genes. BBS and NPH display several overlapping phenotypes including cystic kidney disease, retinitis pigmentosa, liver fibrosis, situs inversus and cerebellar defects. Since most of the BBS and NPH proteins localize to cilia and/or their appendages, BBS and NPH are considered ciliopathies. In this study, we characterized the function of the transcription factor Nphp7 in zebrafish, and addressed the molecular connection between BBS and NPH. The knockdown of zebrafish bbs1 and nphp7.2 caused similar phenotypic changes including convergent extension defects, curvature of the body axis, hydrocephalus, abnormal heart looping and cystic pronephros, all consistent with an altered ciliary function. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed a physical interaction between BBS1 and NPHP7, and the simultaneous knockdown of zbbs1 and znphp7.2 enhanced the cystic pronephros phenotype synergistically, suggesting a genetic interaction between zbbs1 and znphp7.2 in vivo. Deletion of zBbs1 or zNphp7.2 did not compromise cilia formation, but disrupted cilia motility. Although NPHP7 has been shown to act as transcriptional repressor, our studies suggest a crosstalk between BBS1 and NPHP7 in regulating normal function of the cilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hee Kim
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology (or Faculty of Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Earth Sciences), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Epting
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Krasimir Slanchev
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christina Engel
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Thiollier C, Lopez CK, Gerby B, Ignacimouttou C, Poglio S, Duffourd Y, Guégan J, Rivera-Munoz P, Bluteau O, Mabialah V, Diop M, Wen Q, Petit A, Bauchet AL, Reinhardt D, Bornhauser B, Gautheret D, Lecluse Y, Landman-Parker J, Radford I, Vainchenker W, Dastugue N, de Botton S, Dessen P, Bourquin JP, Crispino JD, Ballerini P, Bernard OA, Pflumio F, Mercher T. Characterization of novel genomic alterations and therapeutic approaches using acute megakaryoblastic leukemia xenograft models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:2017-31. [PMID: 23045605 PMCID: PMC3478932 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a heterogeneous disease generally associated with poor prognosis. Gene expression profiles indicate the existence of distinct molecular subgroups, and several genetic alterations have been characterized in the past years, including the t(1;22)(p13;q13) and the trisomy 21 associated with GATA1 mutations. However, the majority of patients do not present with known mutations, and the limited access to primary patient leukemic cells impedes the efficient development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, using a xenotransplantation approach, we have modeled human pediatric AMKL in immunodeficient mice. Analysis of high-throughput RNA sequencing identified recurrent fusion genes defining new molecular subgroups. One subgroup of patients presented with MLL or NUP98 fusion genes leading to up-regulation of the HOX A cluster genes. A novel CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion gene resulting from a cryptic inversion of chromosome 16 was identified in another subgroup of 31% of non-Down syndrome AMKL and strongly associated with a gene expression signature of Hedgehog pathway activation. These molecular data provide useful markers for the diagnosis and follow up of patients. Finally, we show that AMKL xenograft models constitute a relevant in vivo preclinical screening platform to validate the efficacy of novel therapies such as Aurora A kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Thiollier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 985, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Abstract
Drosophila cubitus interruptus (Ci) and its vertebrate homologues, the glioblastoma (Gli) protein family, are the transcription factors belonging to the metazoan Gli/Glis/Zic ZF protein superfamily that shares similar five tandemly repeated C2H2-type zinc finger (ZF) motifs. Nuclear transport of Gli/Ci proteins is regulated by hedgehog (Hh) signaling and is an essential part of the Hh signal transduction pathway. Gli/Ci proteins possess a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES), both of which are key signatures for controlling nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. The NLS of the Gli/Ci proteins has been mapped to the fifth ZF domain and its C-terminal side. It contains two clusters of basic residues (classical bipartite-type), which are conserved in metazoan Gli/Ci homologues, but which partially deviate from the intra-ZF domain NLSs in the Glis and Zic proteins. Recently, Importin α3 was identified as a nuclear transport protein for Ci. When we modeled the 3D structure of the Gli NLS-Importin α complex, the two basic clusters were predicted to fit in the two binding interfaces of Importin α. The mechanisms controlling the function of NLSs and NESs involve the elimination of the NES by Hh signaling-dependent protein cleavage in the Ci and the Gli3 proteins, and the phosphorylation of a threonine residue close to the NLS in Gli1. Both processes depend on the activity of protein kinase A, which has a critical role in Hh signaling in fly wing discs. In addition, the Roadkill protein, a substrate recognition component of E3 ubiquitin ligase, competes with the Ci protein to interact with Importin α3 resulting in inhibition of Ci protein nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Hatayama
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Developmental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
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Lichti-Kaiser K, ZeRuth G, Kang HS, Vasanth S, Jetten AM. Gli-similar proteins: their mechanisms of action, physiological functions, and roles in disease. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 88:141-71. [PMID: 22391303 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394622-5.00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gli-similar (Glis) 1-3 proteins constitute a subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc-finger proteins that are closely related to members of the Gli family. Glis proteins have been implicated in several pathologies, including cystic kidney disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, fibrosis, osteoporosis, psoriasis, and cancer. In humans, a mutation in the Glis2 gene has been linked to the development of nephronophthisis (NPHP), a recessive cystic kidney disease, while mutations in Glis3 lead to an extended multisystem phenotype that includes the development of neonatal diabetes, polycystic kidneys, congenital hypothyroidism, and facial dysmorphism. Glis3 has also been identified as a risk locus for type-1 and type-2 diabetes and additional studies have revealed a role for Glis3 in pancreatic endocrine development, β-cell maintenance, and insulin regulation. Similar to Gli1-3, Glis2 and 3 have been reported to localize to the primary cilium. These studies appear to suggest that Glis proteins are part of a primary cilium-associated signaling pathway(s). It has been hypothesized that Glis proteins are activated through posttranslational modifications and subsequently translocate to the nucleus where they regulate transcription by interacting with Glis-binding sites in the promoter regions of target genes. This chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding mechanisms of action of the Glis family of proteins, their physiological functions, as well as their roles in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lichti-Kaiser
- Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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ZeRuth GT, Yang XP, Jetten AM. Modulation of the transactivation function and stability of Krüppel-like zinc finger protein Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) by Suppressor of Fused. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:22077-89. [PMID: 21543335 PMCID: PMC3121352 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.224964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glis3 is a member of the Glis subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors. Recently, Glis3 has been linked to both type I and type II diabetes and shown to positively regulate insulin gene expression. In this study, we have identified a region within the N terminus of Glis3 that shares high levels of homology with the Cubitus interruptus (Ci)/Gli family of proteins. We demonstrated that Glis3 interacts with Suppressor of Fused (SUFU), which involves a VYGHF motif located within this conserved region. We further showed that SUFU is able to inhibit the activation of the insulin promoter by Glis3 but not the activation by a Glis3 mutant deficient in its ability to bind SUFU, suggesting that the inhibitory effect is dependent on the interaction between the two proteins. Exogenous SUFU did not affect the nuclear localization of Glis3; however, Glis3 promoted the nuclear accumulation of SUFU. Additionally, we demonstrated that SUFU stabilizes Glis3 in part by antagonizing the Glis3 association with a Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of Glis3. This is the first reported instance of Glis3 interacting with SUFU and suggests a novel role for SUFU in the modulation of Glis3 signaling. Given the critical role of Glis3 in pancreatic β-cell generation and maintenance, the elevated Glis3 expression in several cancers, and the established role of SUFU as a tumor suppressor, these data provide further insight into Glis3 regulation and its function in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary T. ZeRuth
- From the Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- From the Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Anton M. Jetten
- From the Cell Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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