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Sun L, Wang X, Saredy J, Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang H. Innate-adaptive immunity interplay and redox regulation in immune response. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101759. [PMID: 33086106 PMCID: PMC7575795 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cell activation and infiltration is the key characteristic of tissue inflammation. The innate immune system is the front line of host defense in which innate immune cells are activated by danger signals, including pathogen- and danger-associated molecular pattern, and metabolite-associated danger signal. Innate immunity activation can directly contribute to tissue inflammation or immune resolution by phagocytosis and secretion of biologically active molecules, or indirectly via antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation-mediated adaptive immune responses. This review article describes the cellular and molecular interplay of innate-adaptive immune systems. Three major mechanisms are emphasized in this article for their role in facilitating innate-adaptive immunity interplay. 1) APC can be formed from classical and conditional innate immune cells to bridge innate-adaptive immune response. 2) Immune checkpoint molecular pairs connect innate and adaptive immune cells to direct one-way and two-way immune checkpoint reactions. 3) Metabolic reprogramming during immune responses leads to excessive cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased NADPH oxidase-derived extracellular and intracellular ROS are mostly responsible for oxidative stress, which contributes to functional changes in immune cells. Further understanding of innate-adaptive immunity interplay and its underlying molecular basis would lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for immunological and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Saredy
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 66:113-123. [PMID: 29032490 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current knowledge on tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is based mainly on the extensive work performed in murine models. Data obtained for human counterparts are generated on the basis of tumor analysis from patient samples. Both sources of information led to determination of the main suppressive mechanisms used by these cell subsets in tumor-bearing hosts. As a result of the identification of protein targets responsible for MDSCs suppressive activity, different therapeutics agents have been used to eliminate/reduce their adverse effect. In the present work, we review the current knowledge on suppressive mechanisms of MDSCs and therapeutic treatments that interfere with their differentiation, expansion or activity. Based on the accumulation of new evidences supporting their importance for tumor progression and metastasis, the interest in these cell types is increasing. We revise the methods of MDSC generation/differentiation ex vivo that may help in overcoming problems associated with limited numbers of cells available from animals and patients for their study.
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Pliyev BK, Dimitrieva TV, Savchenko VG. Cytokine-mediated induction of MHC class II in human neutrophils is dependent on NADPH oxidase activity. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 94:67-70. [PMID: 25464901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to selected cytokines, neutrophils are induced to express MHC class II and acquire properties of antigen-presenting cells. Here we show that (a) GM-CSF- and IFN-γ-mediated induction of MHC class II in human neutrophils is associated with intracellular ROS up-regulation, (b) cell-permeable ROS scavengers MnTMPyP and polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase and NADPH oxidase inhibitors diphenylene iodonium and apocynin abrogate both the cytokine-mediated ROS elevation and the induction of MHC class II and (c) neutrophils from chronic granulomatous disease patients which lack NADPH oxidase activity fail to express MHC class II in response to the cytokines. Thus, NADPH oxidase activity is required for the cytokine-mediated induction of MHC class II expression in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris K Pliyev
- Hematology Research Center, Novy Zykovsky Pr. 4, Moscow 125167, Russia.
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Dolfini D, Mantovani R. Targeting the Y/CCAAT box in cancer: YB-1 (YBX1) or NF-Y? Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:676-85. [PMID: 23449390 PMCID: PMC3619239 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Y box is an important sequence motif found in promoters and enhancers containing a CCAAT box - one of the few elements enriched in promoters of large sets of genes overexpressed in cancer. The search for the transcription factor(s) acting on it led to the biochemical purification of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) heterotrimer, and to the cloning - through the screening of expression libraries - of Y box-binding protein 1 (YB-1), an oncogene, overexpressed in aggressive tumors and associated with drug resistance. These two factors have been associated with Y/CCAAT-dependent activation of numerous growth-related genes, notably multidrug resistance protein 1. We review two decades of data indicating that NF-Y ultimately acts on Y/CCAAT in cancer cells, a notion recently confirmed by genome-wide data. Other features of YB-1, such as post-transcriptional control of mRNA biology, render it important in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - R Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan 20133, Italy
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Mahmoud ME, Nikami H, Shiina T, Takewaki T, Shimizu Y. Capsaicin inhibits IFN-γ-induced MHC class II expression by suppressing transcription of class II transactivator gene in murine peritoneal macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:86-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Increasing data are known for dialogue between neuroendocrine and immune systems recently. Results of molecular genetic studies provided evidences for common languages of these systems by various signals including neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines. It is proved the immune system is able to produce neurotransmitters and hormones and endocrine organs can even result in cytokines. This new integrative approach allows to investigate the physiologic events and diseases as interactions between the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune systems. The autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by loss of immune tolerance to self-antigens. In spite of distinct clinical pictures, molecular genetic studies revealed a common molecular mechanism in the associations of organ-specific diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome-1 is characterized by associations at least two out of three cardinal signs: Addison's disease, autoimmune hypoparathyroidism and mucocutaneous candidiasis. This is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome induced by mutations in autoimmune regulator gene. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome-2 occurs more frequently and defined as the coexistence of Addison's disease, autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type-1 diabetes mellitus. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome-3 is characterized by association of autoimmune thyroid disease and type-1 diabetes mellitus. The HLA and other genes proved to be important in associations of the syndrome-2 and 3 in contrast to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome-1. Identification of predisposing genetic helps to understand the common mechanisms and provide possibility for early therapy and prevention as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Balázs
- Budai Irgalmasrendi Kórház, Belgyógyászati Osztály, Budapest.
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Barden AE, Mori TA, Dunstan JA, Taylor AL, Thornton CA, Croft KD, Beilin LJ, Prescott SL. Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy Lowers F2-isoprostanes in Neonates at High Risk of Atopy. Free Radic Res 2009; 38:233-9. [PMID: 15129731 DOI: 10.1080/10715760310001656722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory properties of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have suggested a potential role of these nutrients in dietary modification for prevention of allergic disease in early life. As oxidative stress is known to modify antigen presenting cell (APC) signalling and resulting immune responses, we examined the effects of maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation in pregnancy on markers of oxidative stress and APC function in neonates at high risk of allergy. Eighty-three pregnant atopic women were randomised to receive 4 g daily of either fish oil (n = 40) or olive oil (n = 43) capsules in a controlled trial from 20 weeks gestation until delivery. Plasma (cord blood) and urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured as markers of lipid peroxidation. Cord erythrocyte fatty acids and markers of APC function (HLA-DR expression and cytokine responses) were measured and related to levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes. Maternal fish oil supplementation lowered plasma (p < 0.0001) and urinary (p = 0.06) F2-isoprostanes. HLA-DR expression on APC was not different between the groups. In multiple regression analysis, 28.8% of the variance in plasma F2-isoprostanes was explained by positive relationships with erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) and monocyte HLA-DR expression and a negative relationship with erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This study shows that maternal supplementation with fish oil can attenuate neonatal lipid peroxidation. Clinical follow-up of these infants will help to determine if there are sustained effects on postnatal oxidative stress and expression of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Barden
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, PO Box X2213, Perth, WA, 6847, Australia.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Selenium as an essential trace element is capable of exerting complex effects on the endocrine and immune system by its antioxidant capacity. The role of selenium is important because the level of free oxygen radicals is elevated in the physiological thyroid hormone synthesis. THE AIM OF STUDY was to determine whether selenium therapy can influence the level of antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies or whether there is a correlation between antioxidant capacity and the titer of autoantibodies. METHOD 132 patient with autoimmune thyroiditis were investigated in a prospective, blind and placebo-controlled study. L-thyroxine substitution therapy was made in both groups and the level of TSH remained in the normal range. The selenium-treated group (n = 70 patients, 68 female, mean age 41,4 +/- 9,5 year) was compared with the placebo-treated group (n = 62 patients, 61 female, mean age 42,7 +/- 8,3 year). Selenium therapy was continued by L-seleno-methionine (per os 2 x 100 microg/day) for one year. Determination of TSH, fT4, fT3 and autoantibodies was carried out by chemiluminescence method. Total antioxidant capacity was determined by Randox kit, the level of selenium in the sera by atomic absorption technique was measured. In the follow-up study, patients were controlled every third month and at the end of a one-year observation period. RESULTS The level of selenium in the untreated patients was significantly lower than in treated patients and controls. The fT3/fT4 ration proved to be higher in patients after selenium therapy. The titer of antithyroid antibodies (mostly the antithyroid peroxidase) significantly decreased at the end of the study. An inverse correlation was found between antioxidant capacity and the level of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. The volume of thyroid gland slightly diminished in treated patients. Side effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Selenium completed with L-thyroxine is a suitable therapy for patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Balázs
- Budai Irgalmasrendi Kórház Belgyógyászat Budapest.
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Watkinson J, Wang X, Zheng T, Anastassiou D. Identification of gene interactions associated with disease from gene expression data using synergy networks. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2008; 2:10. [PMID: 18234101 PMCID: PMC2258206 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Analysis of microarray data has been used for the inference of gene-gene interactions. If, however, the aim is the discovery of disease-related biological mechanisms, then the criterion for defining such interactions must be specifically linked to disease. Results Here we present a computational methodology that jointly analyzes two sets of microarray data, one in the presence and one in the absence of a disease, identifying gene pairs whose correlation with disease is due to cooperative, rather than independent, contributions of genes, using the recently developed information theoretic measure of synergy. High levels of synergy in gene pairs indicates possible membership of the two genes in a shared pathway and leads to a graphical representation of inferred gene-gene interactions associated with disease, in the form of a "synergy network." We apply this technique on a set of publicly available prostate cancer expression data and successfully validate our results, confirming that they cannot be due to pure chance and providing a biological explanation for gene pairs with exceptionally high synergy. Conclusion Thus, synergy networks provide a computational methodology helpful for deriving "disease interactomes" from biological data. When coupled with additional biological knowledge, they can also be helpful for deciphering biological mechanisms responsible for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Watkinson
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on ischemia/reperfusion-induced injuries in the heart: STAT1 silencing flavonoid. GENES AND NUTRITION 2007; 2:307-10. [PMID: 18850185 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-007-0060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of naturally occurring flavonoids in health is believed to be due to their strong antioxidant activity. However, recent laboratory evidence indicates the involvement of a more specific action. Here, we present evidence that, among a number of catechins present in green tea extract, only epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerts a strong inhibitory action on interferon-gamma-elicited activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Protective action of EGCG in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart and the molecular mechanism of action, which has nothing to do with its anti-oxidant capacity are described.
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Chon H, Verhaar MC, Koomans HA, Joles JA, Braam B. Role of Circulating Karyocytes in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2006; 47:803-10. [PMID: 16520401 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000210554.61293.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is still hard to predict in an individual. The main focus in cardiovascular research has been on endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall and their interactions with the blood flow. Alterations in the properties of the blood have received a lot of attention in biochemical terms. Interestingly, alterations in the properties of circulating cells have received less attention. We propose that presence of 1 or more risk factors together with normal physiological stimuli induce redox-dependent changes in leukocyte gene transcription with pathophysiological responses. Thus, risk factors render leukocytes hypersensitive to normal stimuli. Risk factors can be subdivided into physical and chemical factors. Superimposed on physiological regulators of leukocyte function, these risk factors promote a cellular pro-oxidative state. Redox-sensitive transcription factors are activated, leading to responses involving inflammation, adhesion, migration, and additional reactive oxygen species generation. As a consequence, monitoring of individual gene expression signatures of these cells could well increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which leukocytes and, in particular, monocytes function. Furthermore, transcriptomes of these cells could be used to investigate the aggressiveness of the atherosclerotic process or to guide treatment in the patient with risk factors for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Chon
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gwinner W, Scheuer H, Haller H, Brandes RP, Groene HJ. Pivotal role of xanthine oxidase in the initiation of tubulointerstitial renal injury in rats with hyperlipidemia. Kidney Int 2006; 69:481-7. [PMID: 16407880 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia can induce or aggravate renal tubulointerstitial injury. Experiments in a complex rat model with chronic glomerulonephritis and long-standing, coexisting hyperlipidemia suggested that induction of xanthine oxidase (XO), with increased oxygen radical generation, is involved in aggravation of tubulointerstitial injury. To separate the role of XO in the initial events of lipid-mediated tubulointerstitial injury, short-term experiments with diet-induced hyperlipidemia over 21 and 35 days were performed in otherwise healthy rats. XO expression in relation to the antioxidant enzymes was examined in the cortical tubulointerstitium (TIS) and proximal tubules (PT). Subsequent experiments with XO inhibition were performed, examining tubulointerstitial infiltration with ED1-positive cells and expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as indicators of early injurious events. Hyperlipidemia increased XO activity in TIS by 40 and 86%, and in PT by 28 and 90% at days 21 and 35, compared with controls on regular diet. This increased activity was associated with increased reactive oxygen species. Among the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase activity increased in TIS by 40% and in PT by 90%. Histological evaluation showed a three-fold increase in ED1-positive cells and increased MCP-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression at day 35 in the TIS. Inhibition of XO prevented tubulointerstitial ED1 cell infiltration, together with a decreased expression of MCP-1 and VCAM-1. These results point to an important role for XO in the early stage of hyperlipidemia-associated renal injury, mediating macrophage infiltration by a putatively redox-dependent upregulation of MCP-1 and VCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gwinner
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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González-Hernandez A, LeMaoult J, Lopez A, Alegre E, Caumartin J, Le Rond S, Daouya M, Moreau P, Carosella ED. Linking two immuno-suppressive molecules: indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase can modify HLA-G cell-surface expression. Biol Reprod 2005; 73:571-8. [PMID: 15878889 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule HLA-G and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (INDO) in humans and mice, respectively, have been shown to play crucial immunosuppressive roles in fetal-maternal tolerance. HLA-G inhibits natural killer and T cell function by high-affinity interaction with inhibitory receptors, and INDO acts by depleting the surrounding microenvironment of the essential amino acid tryptophan, thus inhibiting T cell proliferation. We investigated whether HLA-G expression and INDO function were linked. Working with antigen-presenting cell (APC) lines and monocytes, we found that functional inhibition of INDO by 1-methyl-tryptophan induced cell surface expression of HLA-G1 by HLA-G1-negative APCs that were originally cell-surface negative, and that in reverse, the functional boost of INDO by high concentrations of tryptophan induced a complete loss of HLA-G1 cell surface expression by APCs that were originally cell-surface HLA-G1-positive. This mechanism was shown to be posttranslational because HLA-G protein cell contents remained unaffected by the treatments used. Furthermore, HLA-G cell surface expression regulation by INDO seems to relate to INDO function, but not to tryptophan catabolism itself. Potential implications in fetal-maternal tolerance are discussed.
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Hsieh CC, Lin BF. The effects of vitamin E supplementation on autoimmune-prone New Zealand black x New Zealand white F1 mice fed an oxidised oil diet. Br J Nutr 2005; 93:655-62. [PMID: 15975164 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on autoimmune disease in New Zealand blackxNew Zealand white F1 (NZB/W F1) female mice fed an oxidised oil diet. First, 5-month-old mice were fed an AIN-76 diet containing either 150 g fresh soyabean oil/kg (15S), 50 g fresh soyabean oil/kg + 100 g oxidised frying oil/kg (5S10F) or 5S10F supplemented with all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate at 275 mg/kg diet level (5S10F5E) or 550 mg/kg (5S10F10E), respectively, in experiment 1. The results showed that mice fed the 5S10F10E diet had a lower anti-double-stranded DNA IgG antibody level and a longer lifespan than those fed the 15S and 5S10F diets. Therefore, the 5S10F and 5S10F10E treatments were repeated in experiment 2 for further analysis. The results showed that vitamin E supplementation in the oxidised oil significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance values in the kidney and spleen of NZB/W F1 mice. Interferon-gamma and IL-6 production by mitogen-stimulated splenocytes decreased in mice fed the 5S10F10E diet, whereas the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 was not affected. The percentage of T-cells was significantly higher and that of MHC class II-bearing cells was lower in the spleens of the 5S10F10E group. The 5S10F10E group had a significantly higher linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) composition than the 5S10F diet group. Therefore, vitamin E supplementation in oxidised oil might decrease oxidative stress, anti-double-stranded DNA IgG antibody, regulate cytokines and lymphocyte subsets, and subsequently alleviate the severity of autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chien Hsieh
- Laboratory of Nutritional Chemistry, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10764, Republic of China
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Abstract
MHC class II molecules are expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells and are loaded with peptides processed from the phagosomal compartment of these cells. Such complexes interact with the CD4 positive T lymphocyte receptor for antigen and a strong interaction is followed by T cell activation and proliferation. As class II expression is critical for antigen specific immunity its expression mostly restricted to a few cell types but can be induced on others in response to interferon gamma. This expansion of antigen presenting ability plays a role in increasing the duration and intensity of the immune response. Nitric oxide and antioxidants attenuate this class II induction through negative effects on the induction of class II transactivator protein expression and on the binding of transcription factor NF-Y to the class II promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Harari
- Vascular Medicine Research, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 65 Landsdowne Street, Room 275, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Beagles K, Wellstein A, Bayer B. Systemic Morphine Administration Suppresses Genes Involved in Antigen Presentation. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:437-42. [PMID: 14742686 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.2.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of opioids in both humans and animal models results in significant alterations in immune system responsiveness. Although the majority of studies have focused on phenotypic changes in immune cells after short- and long-term morphine administration, few studies have determined whether alterations in gene expression profiles accompany these effects. To address this question, rats were treated with either morphine (20 mg/kg) or saline, and changes in gene expression and function in blood leukocytes were examined. Within 2 h, morphine administration resulted in a decrease in blood leukocyte expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II RT1.B beta) (-3.27-fold) and related molecules, including the MHC II invariant chain (-2.73-fold). Furthermore, these changes in gene expression were accompanied by a significant decrease in surface MHC II RT1.B beta protein expression, specifically on B lymphocytes. Morphine administration was also found to inhibit IL-4 induced up-regulation of MHC II RT1.B beta cell surface expression on B lymphocytes. This is the first demonstration that receptors involved in antigen presentation are modified after systemic morphine administration. We propose that the inability of B lymphocytes to up-regulate key immune proteins, such as the MHC II molecule, after exposure to antigen-induced cytokine production may account for the increase in the susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections such as HIV in both drug abusers and patients receiving morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Beagles
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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